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1) Thoracic cavity.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G3
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
2) Cranial cavity.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G3
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

3) Abdominal cavity.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G3
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

4) Vertebral cavity.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G3
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

Answers: 1) C 2) B 3) A 4) D

3
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Figure 1.2

Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the
diagram:
A) E
B) A
C) B
D) D
E) C

5) Information about body temperature is sent through afferent pathways to the brain.
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

6) Free nerve endings in the skin detect changes in skin temperature (getting colder).
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

7) Appropriate response information is sent through efferent pathways.

Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

4
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
8) A change in the temperature of the external environment (getting colder).
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

9) Skeletal muscles respond with shivering reflex which provides heat to return the body's
temperature to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" value.
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

Answers: 5) E 6) C 7) D 8) B 9) A

5
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Muscular
B) Skeletal
C) Integumentary
D) Nervous

10) Provides the force to move bones about their joints.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

11) Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

12) Provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals.
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

13) Prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D.
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

Answers: 10) A 11) D 12) B 13) C

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Lymphatic
B) Endocrine
C) Immune
D) Cardiovascular

14) Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

15) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

16) Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

17) Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

Answers: 14) B 15) D 16) C 17) A

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms:
A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback

18) Used for changes in blood glucose levels.

Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

19) Used for changes in blood pressure.

Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

20) Used for blood clotting.

Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

21) Used for childbirth.

Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7, 1.8
Global LO: G2, G3
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

Answers: 18) A 19) A 20) B 21) B

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Match the following systems and organs:
A) Respiratory
B) Endocrine
C) Digestive
D) Urinary
E) Cardiovascular

22) Arteries, veins, heart.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

23) Trachea, bronchi, alveoli.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

24) Adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

25) Esophagus, large intestine, rectum.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

26) Kidneys, bladder, ureters.

Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

Answers: 22) E 23) A 24) B 25) C 26) D

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Match the following cavities and organs:
A) Abdominopelvic
B) Cranial
C) Thoracic

27) Stomach.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

28) Heart.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

29) Uterus.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

30) Brain.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

31) Lungs.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

Answers: 27) A 28) C 29) A 30) B 31) C

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Match the following regional terms and common terms:
A) Brachial
B) Gluteal
C) Thoracic
D) Patellar
E) Cephalic

32) Arm.
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

33) Buttock.
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

34) Head.
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

35) Knee (anterior aspect).

Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

36) Chest.
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

Answers: 32) A 33) B 34) E 35) D 36) C

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Match the regional/directional terms and examples:
A) Proximal
B) Anterior
C) Distal
D) Medial
E) Lateral

37) The bridge of the nose is ________ to the left eye.

Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

38) The upper arm is ________ to the forearm.

Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

39) The lungs are ________ to the heart.

Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

40) The fingers are ________ to the wrist.

Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

41) The stomach is ________ to the spine.

Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

Answers: 37) D 38) A 39) E 40) C 41) B

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
1.2 True/False Questions

1) Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is
accelerated.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

2) Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) imaging is most useful in discovering obstructed

blood supplies in organs and tissues.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G9
HAPS LO: HAPS6, HAPS7
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

3) The elbow is proximal to the shoulder.

Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

4) The part of the serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity wall is called visceral
peritoneum.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

5) A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.

Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
6) The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

7) Lungs carry out an excretory function.

Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

8) Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception
through old age.
Answer: FALSE
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

9) A tissue consists of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

10) It is important for any organism to maintain its boundaries, so that its internal environment
remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
11) Without some sort of negative feedback mechanism, it would be impossible to keep our body
chemistry in balance.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

12) Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then
respond to them.
Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

13) The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region.

Answer: TRUE
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.13
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
1.3 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

A) tissues
B) the gross structures of the body
C) cell chemistry
D) cells
Answer: A
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

2) The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called
________ anatomy.
A) microscopic
B) gross
C) systemic
D) developmental
Answer: B
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

3) Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

A) to keep the body's blood sugar level high
B) to control body movement
C) to regulate excretion via the kidneys
D) to maintain homeostasis
Answer: D
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

4) The coxal joint is most likely found in ________ region of the body.
A) hip
B) hand
C) foot
D) groin
Answer: A
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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

5) A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform
specific functions for the body is a(n) ________.
A) complex tissue
B) organ
C) complex cell
D) organ system
Answer: B
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

6) A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be ________.

A) enhancement of labor contractions
B) body temperature regulation
C) blood calcium level regulation
D) regulating glucose levels in the blood
Answer: A
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

7) Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?
A) liver
B) appendix
C) intestines
D) stomach
Answer: C
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.13
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

8) The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________.

A) lining the abdominal cavity
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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
B) covering the heart
C) covering individual lungs
D) lining the thoracic cavity
Answer: D
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

9) Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

A) immune
B) lymphatic
C) muscular
D) nervous
Answer: D
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

10) Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.
A) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
B) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.
C) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
D) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
Answer: A
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

11) Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________.

A) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances
B) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits
C) the lowest possible energy usage
D) a static state with no deviation from preset points
Answer: B
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.7
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge
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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
12) In which body cavities are the lungs located?
A) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
B) pleural, ventral, and thoracic
C) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
D) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral
Answer: B
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

13) Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1. molecules
2. atoms
3. tissues
4. cells
5. organs
A) 1-2-4-3-5
B) 2-1-4-3-5
C) 1-2-3-4-5
D) 2-1-3-4-5
Answer: B
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

14) Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?
A) PET
B) DSA
C) MRI
D) X ray
Answer: C
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome:
Global LO: G9
HAPS LO: HAPS6, HAPS7
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

15) Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

A) spinal cord
B) cranial cavity
19
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
C) thoracic cavity
D) vertebral cavity
Answer: C
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

16) In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

A) left upper quadrant
B) right upper quadrant
C) right lower quadrant
D) left lower quadrant
Answer: A
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.13
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

17) Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?
A) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
B) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
C) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
D) The internal environment is becoming more stable.
Answer: A
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

18) The term pollex refers to the ________.

A) fingers
B) thumb
C) great toe
D) calf
Answer: B
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

20
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
19) The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?
A) liver
B) brain
C) intestines
D) lungs
Answer: B
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

20) Select the most correct statement.

A) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
B) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
C) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.
D) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.
Answer: B
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

21) One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to
________.
A) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
C) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
D) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger
Answer: B
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

22) Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

A) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction
B) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
C) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
D) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
Answer: B
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

23) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?
A) frontal
B) transverse
C) regional
D) sagittal
Answer: D
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

24) What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions
called?
A) median
B) sagittal
C) frontal
D) transverse
Answer: C
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

25) The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ________ cavity.
A) ventral
B) cranial
C) dorsal
D) vertebral
E) thoracic
Answer: C
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

26) Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?
A) systemic anatomy
B) cardiovascular anatomy
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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
C) cardiovascular physiology
D) systemic physiology
Answer: C
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

27) It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because ________.

A) it makes for more efficient use of students' and teachers' time
B) physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy
C) anatomy and physiology are practically the same thing
D) to understand anatomy requires complete understanding of physiology
Answer: B
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

28) The study of anatomy and physiology assumes and describes a healthy body. Select the
description below that does NOT explain why this approach is useful.
A) Study of a healthy body is less intimidating and more familiar new students.
B) A healthy body provides a common standard to compare to.
C) A healthy body establishes what "normal" is.
D) Study of a healthy body provides a foundation for a more complete understanding of all
human bodies.
Answer: A
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 6 Evaluation

29) One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a
physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical
perspective.
A) The extremely thin tissue (simple squamous epithelium) of the lungs allows for the quick
diffusion of respiratory gases into and out of the body.
B) The direction of blood flow through the heart is directed by one way valves.
C) The cell-to-cell connections between heart (cardiac) muscle cells are strong. They hold the
tissue together for a life time of forceful contractions.
D) The innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple
squamous epithelium.
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Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Answer: D
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

30) One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of physiological study, the rest are
from an anatomical perspective. Select the description below that comes from physiological
perspective.
A) The pancreas lies deep to the stomach within the abdominal cavity.
B) The skull is formed by 22 facial and cranial bones.
C) The contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessels (vasoconstriction) can reduce the flow of
blood through the vessel.
D) The chambers of the heart and blood vessels leading to and from the heart are separated by
valves composed of fibrous connective tissue.
Answer: C
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

31) Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units
of living things.
A) Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristic necessary to be considered alive.
B) Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis.
C) Cells are highly ordered and complex.
D) Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic.
Answer: A
Section: 1.2, 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.3, 1.5
Global LO: G2
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

32) Prevention of water loss is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of
________.
A) metabolism
B) responsiveness
C) maintaining boundaries
D) excretion
Answer: C
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
24
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Global LO: G2
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

33) Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or
more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If
the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which
of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?
A) digestion
B) responsiveness
C) growth
D) movement
Answer: C
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Global LO: G2
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

34) Anatomical position is important because ________.

A) it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicate anatomical
relationships
B) it provides the greatest circulation to the extremities
C) it allows diagrams within textbooks to display a greater surface area of the body with one
simple diagram
D) it is the position most comfortable to hospital patients
Answer: A
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.10a
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS6
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

35) Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________.

A) positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to
potential health threats
B) positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful
C) positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to
return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level
D) positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a
cascade effect
Answer: C
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G2, G7
25
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

36) When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's
brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate
the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive
nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.
A) negative feedback
B) necessary life function
C) loss of homeostasis
D) positive feedback
Answer: D
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

37) Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part
of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent
a(n) ________ in the negative feedback mechanism.
A) receptor
B) control center
C) homeostatic balance or "ideal" value
D) effector
Answer: A
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

38) You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this
pulse ________.
A) on the palmar side of the hand
B) in the distal end of the lower leg
C) on the posterior side of the knee
D) at the posterior side of the wrist
Answer: C
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

26
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
39) You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer
________.
A) in the armpit
B) in the rectum
C) under the tongue
D) on the forehead
Answer: A
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

40) You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in
the ________.
A) lateral side of the foot
B) proximal arm
C) anterior side of the elbow
D) hand
Answer: C
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1, HAPS6
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

41) The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity.
A) stomach and liver: superficial
B) heart and lungs: anterior
C) digestive viscera: inferior
D) kidneys and spleen: deep
Answer: B
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G2
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

27
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
1.4 Short Answer Questions

1) Similar cells that have a common function are called ________.

Answer: tissues
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.3
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

2) What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

Answer: What a structure can do depends on its specific form, or "structure determines
function."
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.2
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

3) The term that describes the back of the elbow is ________.

Answer: olecranal
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

4) The term that describes the neck region is ________.

Answer: cervical
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

5) The heart is ________ to the lungs.

Answer: medial
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

6) ________ is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function
of specific organs or organic systems.
28
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Answer: Physiology
Section: 1.1
Learning Outcome: 1.1
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

7) What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

Answer: homeostasis
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS3
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

8) Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?
Answer: pelvic
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

9) What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

Answer: visceral peritoneum
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

10) What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?
Answer: metabolism
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.6
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

11) What is the function of the serous membranes?

Answer: They act to reduce friction and allow the organs to slide across cavity walls.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
29
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

12) Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.
Answer: Yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete.
Section: 1.2, 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

13) The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called ________.
Answer: responsiveness or excitability
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

14) Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be
continued at life-sustaining rates?
Answer: If body temperature is too low, chemical reactions slow and eventually stop. If body
temperature is too high, chemical reactions speed up and body proteins lose their normal shape,
resulting in loss of function.
Section: 1.3
Learning Outcome: 1.5
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

15) What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway
called?
Answer: afferent pathway
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 1 Knowledge

16) What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

Answer: negative
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 3 Application
30
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
17) Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an
automobile accident with seat belts?
Answer: The walls of the abdominal cavity are formed only by trunk muscles and are not
reinforced by bone. The pelvic organs receive a somewhat greater degree of protection from the
bony pelvis.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

18) What is the action of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?
Answer: They prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 2 Comprehension

19) Which feedback mechanism causes the variable to deviate further and further from its
original value or range?
Answer: positive feedback
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

20) What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and
destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?
Answer: Homeostatic imbalances increase our risk for illness and produce the changes we
associate with aging.
Section: 1.4
Learning Outcome: 1.8
Global LO: G2
HAPS LO: HAPS4
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

21) Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure?
Answer: respiratory system
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2
HAPS LO: HAPS4
31
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

22) Describe the overlap in function between the cardiovascular system and respiratory system.
In other words, describe how they work together.
Answer: The blood is provided a consistent supply of oxygen from the lungs while the
circulatory system delivers carbon dioxide which will be removed from the body by the
respiratory system.
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 5 Synthesis

23) Describe the overlap in function between the muscular system and skeletal system. In other
words, describe how they work together.
Answer: The skeleton provides the ridged frame work (levers) for muscles to attach to. Muscles
provide the force to move the bones about the joints.
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 5 Synthesis

24) The integumentary system helps to maintain a boundary between the internal and external
environment. Give an example of something that is prevented entry to the body and an example
of something prevented from escaping the body by the integumentary system.
Answer: The integument prevents entry of pathogens (germs, viruses, bacteria) OR harmful
chemicals. The integumentary system prevents water (body fluid) loss.
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 5 Synthesis

25) Describe the opposing ways that the muscular system and integumentary system act as
effectors in the regulation of body temperature.
Answer: The integument cools the body through sweat while the muscular system warms the
body by shivering.
Section: 1.2
Learning Outcome: 1.4
Global LO: G2, G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2, HAPS5
Bloom's Level: 5 Synthesis

32
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
1.5 Clinical Questions

1) A small family was traveling in its van and had a minor accident. The children in the back
seats were wearing lap belts, but still sustained numerous bruises about the abdomen, and had
some internal organ injuries. Why is this area more vulnerable to damage than others?
Answer: The abdominal organs are the least protected in the body because they are not
surrounded by a bony covering such as the ribs, pelvis, or cranium.
Section: 1.6
Learning Outcome: 1.12
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS2
Bloom's Level: 4 Analysis

2) Steve was injured in a football accident. X-ray examination showed a fracture underlying his
left brachial deformity. What part of his body was injured?
Answer: His left upper arm
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

3) The nurse charted: "Patient has an open wound located on lateral aspect of leg." Describe
where the wound is located.
Answer: The wound is located on the outer side of the leg, the peroneal or fibular area.
Section: 1.5
Learning Outcome: 1.11
Global LO: G7
HAPS LO: HAPS1
Bloom's Level: 3 Application

33
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
en ses entranyes debía haver-hi desconegudes estridencies, un tresor
d'aberracións delirantes.

Desde que havía entrat no perdía de vista al campaner. Semblava

medir sa corpulencia, analisar la sang que li coloría el rostre, estudiar
la febrositat de sos moviments inarmónics i l'encongiment que 'l
dominava. Una sospita abrusava son cor de bagassa ple de
monstruosa lascivia.

Josafat revenint-se lentament movía sos llavis com si volgués

enraonar i apres de molts esforços repetía.

–Fóscara jo pla t haguera coneguda si t'hagués trobada. Vingué un

gran silenci. Mentres tan les moçes encuriosades anaven fent-se
carrec d'aquella estranya cel·la. Miraven la volta, els llivants, la
gallofa, les potes d'esparver reseques i les creus de palma,
demostrant estranyesa, aturdiment i desconfiança.

Josafat preguntá am timidesa.

–On vius Pepona, com te la campes, esteu juntes?

Les dos noies creuaren llur esguard joiós de picardía i esclatiren a

riure.

–Per ara serveixo Josafat, serveixo… a ratos, sabs; estic molt be

dormo força i menjo més… Aquesta es senyora Josafat es la…
senyora Fineta i s'aborreix per que l seu marit no la pega. I la Pepona
llençà a plens pulmons una rialla grassa escandalosa que feu sacsejar
son pit ample i soperb. En Josafat s'esverá i atolondrat, inquiet,
corregué a la porta de capella i mirá a l'esglesia tement l'aparició
d'algú que l'atrapés am tan poc honrosa companyía.

–Tens feina Josafat? Nosaltres venim per lo de l'oncle i de passada

aquesta desitjava pujar al campanar. ¿Oi Josafat qu'ens el
ensenyarás el campanar? Te recorda quan fugíes de mí serres enllá?
Sembla que no ets gaire més valent ara.

La Fineta es plantà al costat de la seva companya i passant-li un braç

per la cintura, pregá també al campaner, mentres alsinava son pit,
torsava la testa, i l'envolcallava amb una ullada somorta i defallida.

En Josafat fugí d'aquella seducció i, am moviment esquiu i ferestec,

passá el forrallat de la porta de la capella baptismal.

La llum era escassa, el sol a fora devía pondres i les dos moçes, que
esperaven envá la resposta d'en Josafat, perderen les ganes de
bromejar sorpreses per l'aplanador aspecte que anava prenguent
aquell interior. Una sobtada desconfiança les torná entenimentades.
Esbrinaren detingudament aquell paratje: En la buidor del finestral,
on tremolava agónica la crepuscular celistía, vejeren la amplaria del
mur isolador i terrible; s'adonaren del negre enigma que traspuava
per les espillerades obertures de l'enorme cilindre que tancava la
escala; descubriren penjats de la tancada volta els contrapesos del
rellotge, feixugues pedres arrodonides i foradades sostingudes per
una corda nuada a un barrot de ferro travesser, que descendíen
lentament imperceptiblement, fatals i amenaçadores.

Alhora notaren en en Josafat un neguit estrany; brillejaven ses nines

i en un recó semblava encongir-se pera botar com una fera sobre
d'elles.

–Anem –digueren les dues a la vegada.

En Josafat encenía la llumanera am ma tremolosa creient menys

comprometedora la llum que la fosca.

–Adeu Josafat, qué li dirém al oncle?

–Qué li diréu… qué… a l'oncle?… Ah que… no res, que no m'ha dit res
mossen Lluis.

–Está bé. Vols fer el favor d'obrir.

–El qué?…

–La porta home.

El campaner s'apropá al pany pero abans de donar el tom a la clau,

pará l'orella. Li semblá sentir passos, i reculá am el dit sobre ls llavis.
El color de les dues amigues s'enblanquí. La flama de la llumanera
projectava ombres tétriques; les formidables parets am els carreus
terrosos pareixíen isolar-les de tot lo vivent; la volta no s veia, i alló
semblava el fons d'un pou sense sortida, lluny dels homes, apartat de
tot aussili, de tota esperança. En Josafat am son esverament els hi
causava l'efecte d'un boig ple d'avaricia per elles que volgués
guardar-les allí, empresonades per una eternitat.

–Es vespre Josafat, vols obrir?

El campaner no escoltava i tartamudejant algun prec, avansá dues

passes vers la Pepona i sa companya que s juntaren cercant mutual
apoio.

–Tornaréu… no fa que tornaréu? Ho digué com un gegant ploricó,

am la veu entelada.

–Sí, tornarém, obra, no podém quedar-nos més aquí, obra, Josafat.

Ho feu. La Fineta, al passar afrec d'ell, sentí un bleix d'home
enfebrat, sobre la nuca; els cabells se li cargolaren d'esgarrifança i
arran de la porta li fitá per última vegada sos ulls clars, verdosos,
famolencs de noves sensasions.

En Josafat, alta la llumanera, vegé brandar els costats impurs de la

bagassa i una ira de lleó que ensuma la femella a través d'una reixa,
l'arborá.

A fora les dues amigues, aprés de caminar un bell rato silencioses,

volgueren saber una de l'altra, l'impresió rebuda en llur estranya
visita. Parlaren. La troballa d'en Josafat fou per elles un motiu de
divertiment. El quart i mig de foscor viscut en companyía del gegant
avergonyit, l'ambient tétric del lloc, i la mica de pánic que allí
sentiren engrescá llur ánima acostumada a la negra monotonía del
burdell.

Vivíen soles am la mestressa: una senyora enorme i malhumurada,

amiga del ordre, que no admetía més que visites de senyors
respectables, de gran serietat, que entraven i surtíen silenciosos,
amagant-se, aprofitant la nit, amparant-se en la solitut i apartament
del barri. Senyors que com deia la Fineta enraviaven per lo pansits i
tristos; no sabíen enborratxar-se, ni rompre miralls, ni pegar a les
dones. Ella desde que hi era no havía rebut ni una sola plantofada…
es moría de fàstic.

–Hi tornarém Fineta?

–Jo ho crec; jo hauría volgut quedar-m'hi. Quin home en Josafat.

La Pepona la mira un xic estranyada.

–Axís estém?

–Axís, axís ¡quin home el campaner!– Quina voluptuositat més nova

prometía. ¡Sería tant terrible son amor! Que dolçament espantable
fruir-lo allí dintre, en les nits llargues, somiant fantasmes abraçada
al homenáç plè de confiança, indiferent al xisclar de les ólives, a las
buidors negres i als veinatjés sepulcrals. La nuca de la Fineta
s'estremía i els ulls se li clovíen en amorós desmai.

–Ai noia que estranyes i capritxoses sou les que veníu de les ciutats
grans. Hi ha homens que valen cent vegades més. A mi m fa por.

–A mi també, t'ho juro. ¡Qué ferm! La te tota la fermesa!

–Vols dir que…

–Sí, dona, sí; m'hi jugo la vida.

I al mig del carrer s'ennuagaren de tan riure.

 IV
L'esglesia de Santa María era una massa enorme, sense esbeltesa,
edificada en la part més alta de la ciutat. Sa construcció havía durat
sigles. Gótica en son interior tenía la fatxada barroca la qual, am ses
capelles buides, amb els balustres dels miradors romputs i les
columnes de pedra numolítica desgastades pel temps i l'intemperie,
ofería cert aspecte de desolació i abandono.

El campanar octogonal era del mateix ordre arquitectonic que la

fatxada: una ampla cornisa que corría en son entorn, senyalava el
segon dels tres estatges en que fou dividit i més amunt, s'obrien vuit
finestres aixoplugant altres tantes campanes. La cúpula en sostenía
un altra de minúscula que servía de base al panell: un angel de
bronzo simbolisant la Fé, am les ales mig esteses i la vestidura
voleianta. Al costat, del temple, aguantant l'empenta de la
pesadíssima volta, les adjuves am llurs gárgoles embalumaven el
grandiós edifici.

Am-tot els tenebrosos dominis del campaner eren més extensos de lo

que podía deduir-se al contemplar l'esterior de la esglesia.

Seus eren tots els espais disimulats en la gruxarie de la sólida

muralla; seves eren les amples golfes de la nau, les del absis, les de la
mitja volta dels claustres romanics; seu l'interior d'una torre de la
mateixa época encastada en la maciça paret de l'esglesia gótica; seu
el llarc trifori; seus eren també els tres compartiments del campanar,
fosques presons plenes d'estores, gresols per les lluminaries i altres
objectes inservibles; i, per fí, seva era igualment l'elix de graons
admirable que desde sota la cúpula baixava al fons d'aquell
llarguíssim prísma octavat sense una obertura, sense altre aire per
respirar que l que passava per la caixa de l'escala plena de fetor de
tomba. Cal afegir a tot aixó, de part de fora, les cornises qu'en Josafat
havía aprés a passar-hi sens rodaments de cap; les amples gruixaries
dels estreps; les teulades inmenses; la gran plataforma de sobre la
fatxada, obstruida per grosses pedres picades que restaven encara
per col·locar; els miradors de la meteixa fatxada amb els ampits
escrostats i per últim una petita torratxa, feta de paret d'esquerda
que rematava l'antíc campanar romanic, dintre la qual hi havía una
llosa sobre un cilindre de pedra: rústega taula d'utilitat inesplicable,
mena d'spoliarium dels esparvers, on sempre s'hi trovaven restos
sagnosos d'aucellets sacrificats.

En Josafat fins l'aparició de la Pepona i la Fineta fruia lliurement

d'aitals dominis. Era un urc de grandesa el que sentía; urc de
selvatgina que viu segura en son catau inaccessible. Nombroses
portes, poderosos forrellats i estretors laberíntiques el guardaven de
part de dintre; vertiginoses altures el feien inabordable per defora. I
els homes abaix eren minúscols, fácils d'exterminar llençant
solzament pedruscalla de la que les pluges desencastaven. Passava
grans estones imaginant-se un atac colectiu i formidable de tots els
ateus lliure-pensadors, republicans i heretjes qu'ell confonía en un
meteix odi. ¡Quina heroica defensa sería la seva! ¡I com ne patiríen
els seus enemics!
Més ara lleure tingués per a pensar en les dues moçes: contava els
dies i esperava son retorn amb impaciencia. El temor de que fos
descoberta sa libidinosa complacencia anava debilitant-se. Tornaven
els somnis voluptuosos, pero no l senyor bisbe ni ls capellans
foragitant-lo del campanar i de la esglesia. La Pepona era seva, els
meteixos capellans li portaven, mudadeta somrisenta i agraída. S'hi
havía casat. L'historia de la porqueirola no l'encaparrava. Sabía que
no tots els pagesos ne fugiren quan ella amb el goç de tura se
revolcava sobre l'erba; li havíen dit que cansada de xafar falgueres
am nois de la seva edat s'era llogada per minyona a l'hostal del poble;
li contaren també un embull amb un negociant de bestiar; una
escapada a vila de llarga durada; pero recordava el trontollar de la
carn de la Pepona, i per haver-la, sens perill de comdemnar-se, no hi
havía altre remei que l matrimoni. Perdona i serás perdonat, eíxa era
la bona máxima del campaner.

Quan les dos bagasses aparegueren de nou, no gosá encara mirar-les;

empró sentint-se ja am més autoritat, les hi pregá que una altra
ocasió tinguessin present la santetat del temple i s posessin al cap un
troç de mantellina.

–No son pas modos d'entrar aixís a la casa de Deu –i per si algú
espiava, barrá, com el primer die, am pany i forrallat la porta de la
capella.

Fou complascent: al insinuar-li elles el desig de muntar al campanar,

encengué un troç d'atxa i començá a guiar-les per l'elix tenebrosa de
la llarguíssima escala. Amb el cor encongit i les cames tremoloses,
apoiant-se am les mans en els brunyits carreus que tancaven la caixa
de la escala, anaven les dues bagasses, pujant, pujant. Els graons
d'alta contrapetja les laçaven i teníen de parar-se sovint per revenir-
se i esvair el mareig que ls hi produía aquell rodar seguit i
inacabable.

A-les-hores xisclaven. –No ns deixis, Josafat, atúrat.

El femenil esglai divertía al campaner que s girava, reculant, per

contemplar-les amb un xic de desvergonyiment. Allavores sa cara
resplandenta de llum roja, tenía una mefistofélica bellesa que obrava
sobre ls sentits de la Fineta com un poderós afrodissíac.

A mitja escala volgué asustar-les. Fingí esverament, abaixá les celles,

resta quiet i para l'orella.

–Xist, calleu!– En aquella estretor imposanta plena de la espessa

fumera de l'atxa, obstruída per la córpora sinistre del campaner, la
paüra venía per no res; la Pepona perdé l color i els ulls verts de la
Fineta, esverats i fixes, semblaven esclatar dins llurs morades
conques. Escoltaren: s'oía uns sotracs foscos, pregons, sonaven
acompasadament am tètrica resignació, com el cabar d'un trapense,
com el pas fexùc del temps dins les tenebres del no-res.

En Josafat s'entretenía allargant l'engoixa de les moçes.

–No es pas res plagotes; es el rellotje.

L'espressió dels ulls de la Fineta cambiá de sopte, clogué les

pestanyes i agraída al somriure simiesc d'en Josafat, se l contemplá
am un desmai d'amor bestial.
El campaner s'animava: una estúpida presumció el movía a fer-les
esgarrifar apropant-se al caire de totes les cornises, pujant a tots els
llocs perillosos, abocant-se a tots els precipicis. La Fineta am les
mans histériques el retenía fent-li sentir de passada el flonjo contacte
de son pit, i el campaner am la pell rüenta, la sang encesa i el cor
desenfrenat procurava allargar la excursió, enmenánt-se-les per tots
els recons dels seus dominis.

Per últim les portà a sa cambra. Allí una satisfacció d'egnòm que
ofereix segur hostatge a unes ninfes laçades de rodar per soterranis
desconeguts i espaventables suavisá la voluminosa faç d'en Josafat.

La cambra del campaner am-tot i ser emblanquinada, tenir la llar i

els seus fogons, que li donaven un aspecte inofensiu i menestral no
per aixó alleugerí l'anim de les dos bagasses. Sempre la tremenda
gruixaria de la paret oprimía i ofegava, fent pensar en llargues
anyorances de captiu i en terribles torments inquisitorials. A més,
aquella cel·la pudía a selvatgina i era fosca. Com per tot arreu, la
claror entrava per una tatxa de caires vius oberta en l'espessor dels
carreus. Cinc pedres rústegament polides servíen d'escala pera pujar
a lo que podriem dir-ne ampit de la finestra, ampit que medía quinze
pams de fondaria, espai suficient pera servir de mirador a n'en
Josafat. Allí era el lloc on sa musa de Faune embrionari s'inspirava
tocant el fluviol en les tardes xardoroses de l'istiu; allí era on pensava
en les carns d'aquella moçota que ara, aprofitant un banc que hi
havía, ansiosa d'espai, contemplava asseguda les serralades que s
perdien en la boirina del oritzó.
Josafat dret enfront d'ella, tocant am el cap el marc de la finestra i
am els peus entre uns testos de merduix i clavellines, poética
herencia del vellet suau i complascent, no sabía allunyar l'esguard del
sí de la Pepona que pantejava amplament, poderosament, Josafat
remembrava les meditacions d'altres diades. I en Josafat tenía un
progecte, un progecte que l feia venturós. –Ah fóscara! té que haver-
hi un bell parlament entre tu i jo.–

Aixó pensava dir-li tot seguit, aprofitant el sadessejar impertinent de

la Fineta qu'anava i venía mirant totes les coses, gronxant-se al
compás d'una cançoneta de moda.

En la cambra d'en Josafat el fum havía ennegrit completament el

sostre. En les parets llises, un xic esgrogueídes, s'hi veia, com únic
ornament, un marc de fusta senzill i primitiu qu'enquadrava una
litografía vella: el Pare Etern amb els dos dits d'una má enlaire i el
món a l'altre, mirant seriosament, un mirar de mérit que seguía a
l'observador a tot arreu.

Dins un petit requartet un catre amb un cobre-llit virolat de flors

grogues i fruites vermelles amb el coixinet de tela ratllada sense
funda, servía de jaç an en Josafat. A la capsalera, un petit Crist i uns
rosaris penjats an el meteix clau, i, sobre la lleixa cantonera, un
pitjeret de vidre estava caigut vora d'una capsa de mistos.

La Pepona de sobte sentí apropar-se an en Josafat que respirava

fadigosament. Endeviná qu'éll anava a fer-li una confessió amorosa o
a dirigir-li una súplica lasciva i volent evitar-ho cridá a sa companya.
La Fineta venìa d'ensumar el jaç d'aquell mascle poderòs; portava les
narines plenes de sentors d'home. Am cert enervament muntá els
cinc graons i s'interposá entre la Pepona i l campaner. Casi
empenyent-lo s'ajupí, prengué un petit brot de merduix que s posá
entre les dents, enlairá sa faç, plena d'una serietat ardenta, sota
l'esguard d'en Josafat, i suspirá.

La Pepona, un xic molestada per l'actitut de la seva companya,

volgué anar-sen. Ja era tart; a fora moría el sol arran de les
montanyes; per la finestra s'oviraven un troç de cel roig, sanguinós,
ratllat per faixes moradenques.

De l'habitació del campaner s'en surtía per una mena de terradet

enrajolat que, entre dos adjuves, cubría la sobrevolta de les capelles
laterals. Pujant apres per la petita escala de la torra bizantina,
s'entrava al trifori; i dant un quart de volta a la nau, i atravessant el
segón compartiment del campanar, es trovava un replanet que
conduía a la gran escala de cargol.

En Josafat, sempre amb el troç d'atxa als dits, pensava aprofitar-se

de tan llarc trajecte per indicar a la Pepona la necessitat d'aquell
parlament qu'era sa esperança. Pro la Fineta subtil com un mal
esperit sabía interposar-se. I li feia flairar sos cabells, li posava
devant dels ulls l'exasperadora movilitat de son cosset propici a
blincar-se, a estremir-se, a defallir am la furienta estreta d'uns braços
apassionats. A voltes girant-se, per sobre del muscle, fitava al
campaner am ses nines de bacant: eren fiblades horrendes; ell les
sentía com botons de foc cremant-li la córpora, encendrè-li el cor
d'un desig furiós que no admetía espera. La virilitat del campaner
gemegava.

En l'estret passadíç del trifori, la Fineta es pará sobtadament; en

Josafat que anava al sèu radera ensopegá amb ella. Fou un instant.
En Josafat sentí tota la feblesa impura del dors de la bagassa gravitar
en l'amplaria de son pit d'atleta, rebé un sospir en plena faç, i vejé els
llavis laços de la dona temptadora oferir-li una besada. La Pepona
s'allunyava maliciosament. Es cregué perdut. Tot s'havía esvait en
son entorn; una remor d'oratje brunzía en ses orelles; l'esglesia, éll i
la Fineta s'enfonsaren en un remolí negre i furient; el cor patacajava
per dintre avariciós d'impuresa i els braços demanaven juntar-se per
estrenyer en mortal abraçada an aquella dòna que sanglotava per
endevant el plaer esdevenidor.

Un xic lluny soná una petita rialla; passá com un llampec, pel magí
del campaner l'idea de sa eterna perdició; una veu sonant dins el seu
crani li cridá: “Deu te mira”, i el record de que l'ambient ont anava a
rendir-se sa castetat era el mateix on s'aixecava tantes voltes l'hostia
sacrosanta sorgí enérgic i deslliurador. El tic nirviós esqueixá am
violencia sa boca i amb una furiosa empenta llençá a la Fineta lluny,
sobre les lloses, com un fardo pudent plé de carnassa. El troç d'atxa
havía caigut; cremava repetellejant en el sòl, i am sa llum tètrica es
vejé a la Fineta blincar-se adolorida, mentres impertinent i toçuda
seguía fitant an en Josafat sa mirada brillanta.

–¡Oh gracies! t'estimo més que mai Josafat, t'estimo.–

El campaner fugí; per no passar per sobre la bagassa, donà la volta al

absis, la llum del atxa recobrada, corría creuant am rapidesa les
finestres, llençant reflexes fantástics, tètrics vesllums, com els d'una
ànima encesa pel pecat que cerqués adolorida, el conçol de la divina
gracia.

An el buit del passadiç que dava al campanar, la Pepona, anorreada,

esporuguida per l'impensat desenllás d'aquella aventura, ni esma
tingué d'anar en socórs de sa companya. Es penedía d'haver posat els
peus en aquells llocs esglaiadors.

El campaner se li aparegué esblaimat, trémol, am la boca no ben

aquietada. Ferm en sa deria, volía parlar-li.

–Una altre hora, Josafat; aquí no, sents? Maimés tornaré.

I pera esquivar la proximitat de l'home enfollit, comensá a baixar la

llarga graonada.

La Fineta ls seguía de lluny, a les fosques, coixejant, rebent sotracs

en els relleus de les parets, relliscant en els caires brunyits de les
estretes petjes, sentintse defallir de dolor, pero esclava ja d'aquell
esquerp sátir, capaç de saciar-la de furientes caricies i de seguir-la en
tots els deliris de sa voluptuositat monstruosa.

–T'estimo, t'estimo més que mai.– Aixó li digué al passar l'última

porta, ja dins la capella baptismal, am l'insistent llambregar de ses
nines clares.
 V
An-en Josafat, la solitut se li feu penosa desde l'escena del trifori.
Tots sos dominis estaven contaminats tots els recons guardaven
remenbrances de la Fineta. I en les parets hi veia estergides
contorsions de magresa deliranta, i en els setials hi trovaba tebiors
de carns flonges i rebregades, i en el ressò de les voltes, hi sentía
renills de zel, i en els revolts dels corredors, pesigollejant-li els llavis,
percevía un aleteig suptil, un halit cremant que flairava a merduix i
pudía a febre. En sa cambra, cadires, taula, armari, lleixes i
estampes, tot reflexava mirades verdes i lascives. El mateix Pare-
Etern pareixía ofés, estava més seriós, i son esguard seguidor
acusava a n-en Josafat d'haver fet entrar allí a les moçes. Aduc les
cordes de les campanes li retreien coses esborronadores: la bagassa
s'hi havía repenjat, refregant-s'hi, engorjant-les en la canal de son
pit, entortalligant-les per ses cames, empapant-les d'una flaira
exitant, forta, contorbadora que encara les embaumava.

Es una mala dòna, deia, am freturances d'ella. ¡Oh si en lloc del

trifori hagués sigut en qualsevol amagatall lluny de l'ambient sagrat
de l'esglesia!…

Una tristesa de célibe l'invadí. Quatre dies passaren sense un instant

de bon repós, imatges erótiques el perseguíen, una curiositat
desonesta el martiritzava i somnis enervadors l'enmalaltíen.
El quint die, a mitja tarde la Fineta, plaret a plaret pujava la rampa
de Santa Maria. Anava sola, vestida de negre i am mantellina. Els
enagus planxats cruixíen sota el vestit de fai, un cinturonet ample am
cibella daurada recullía els plecs de la brusa tan diabólicament fina,
que les mustiades belleses de la meretriu s'endevinaven reposant en
la cotilla fluixa i eleganta qual vorada aduc se transparentava. Aixís
volgué oferir-se a l'home que sa refinada perversió havía escullert. I
sentía un greu voluptuós al pensar que lo millor que tenía anava a ser
rebregat, malmès, romput, per les impacientes manasses del
campaner.

Al ser a la plaça de l'esglesia enlairá la vista. Un esparver planava a

l'entorn de la cúpula. Contemplà la massa enorme de carreus i al
pensar que no tardaría en sentir dins aquelles tremendes parets,
l'abraçada violenta del gegant fanàtic, un sacudiment lividinós
resseguí sa pell, de blancura cloròtica.

Pantejava d'emoció com el primer díe que rebé la primera caricia.

Una ratxa d'aire primaveral esbandí son front trasparent, on s'hi

marcava una senyal moradenca, record den Josafat.

Restá un instant, fruint la dolça besada d'aquell oritzó seré,

contemplant-lo amb ensonyament de recança.

Ni un dupte ni una indecisió la contorvaren al entrar en la severa

nau. Josafat es consumía de luxuria; era fácil realisar amb ell son
anhel inestingible, son afany de amor exentric que l'entendría a n-
ella mateixa com el conte de la dòna robada per un orangutà. Sempre
l'havía trasbalsada aquell maridatge horrendo; sempre havía sentit
insans desitjos de viure la vida d'aquella desgraciada, reclosa en el
tronc d'un arbre, alimentada per les mans del simi, sentint sobre sa
nuesa el pelut contacte de l'animal ferèstec, rebent de contínuu
abraçades inmensament lascives acompanyades dels crits estridents
d'un plaer ferotxe que no s cansa ni s'assacìa.

Palpant, palpant, arribá fins a la porta del campanar. Estava barrada

i trucá, uns trucs lents, acompassats, breus, que resonaven en son cor
valent i capritxós.

Estava entre-suada i, en el passadiç esbiaxat, aprofitava la fresca dels

carreus refregant-hi ses galtes. Hauría volgut trobar-se nùa pera
sentir arreu aquella impresiò frescal que apaibagava la ruentor de sa
pell. Estenía els braços per embraçar el mur, mentres pensava que l
cos del campaner tenía una amplaria semblant, una fortalesa
semblant.

La porta seguía barrada. Ni un lleu remor indicava la proximitat de la

fera. Trucá una altra volta am més decissió i més fermesa. No volía
entornar-sen; corría per sa nuca un pessigolleig tan suau, era tan
violent el desig que serpejava en ses entranyes. No s'impacientava:
esperes més llargues i més incómodes havía aguantat per satisfer sos
amors exótics. Aná a seure en un banc que hi havía allí aprop,
arrimat a la paret de la capella. Tenía aires de penitenta.

Una silueta angulosa i feixuga vingué dret an ella atravessant la nau.

Duia a la mà un penjoi de claus que tintinejaven; passá a frec de la
bagassa sens adonar-sen, i, ja dins del passadíç, obrí la porta. La veu
de la Fineta sonà al seu darrera.
–Josafat… soc jo, Josafat. Entro? I va entrar, humildament, com una
goçeta temorenca que vol llepar carinyosa les mans que l'han
nafrada.

El vestit i la mantellina de la bagassa influiren en el esperit del

campaner d'una manera estranya i complicada. Idees contradictories
sorgiren en son magí contorbat. Cregué en un arrepentiment, en una
disfreça del dimoni, en la próxima satisfacció de la luxuria, en un
missatjer de la Pepona, en un enginy de sos enemics i en un camí
segur per notificar a la porqueirola son bell propósit. I restà mut, i la
Fineta també muda, amb un aire entristit aná allunyant-se del
campaner fins caure esllanguida en l'escambell, desde on li envià per
entre ses pestanyes, una salutaciò casta i ferventa… –Som amics
Josafat?–

El campaner també havía clavat sa vista en ella; la resseguía tota amb

el brillant jaspiat de sos ulls frisossos. Eren mirades inquietes,
rápides, que l'esgarrapaven despullant-la; rompent els botons, les
cintes, els gafets i llensant amb exasperació els pellingos de roba que
s'oposaven a satisfer la lúbrica curiositat que feia dies era el cástic, el
torment den Josafat.

Les delicades madeixes que dauraven la nuca de la Fineta es

retorcìen electrisades.

Reposá sa barba en el palmell de la mà, i s'esllanguí tota, mostrant la

flexibilitat de sa cintura que semblà desconjuntar-se sota els plecs de
la brusa.

–Encara em tens rabia Josafat?

–Rabia jo… jo.

–Si, tu, mira m feres mal, miram. I s'apartava els bandós del front
am un graciós moviment de sos dits carregats d'anells.

–Jo pla he estat el que t'ha fet aixó.

–Si, Josafat, fores tu i fores molt crudel. Sabs que la Pepona no vol
tornar?

–Reïra, jo vull parlar-li a la Pepona, cal que torni.

Comensava a móurese-li la boca iniciant el tic amenaçador.

–Qu'en vols fer d'ella.

–Aixó es cosa méva, vull parlar-li, veure-la, parlar-li.

–Per casar-t'hi?

–Es cosa meva.

–I a-ne mi no m voldries, Josafat, jo t tractaría tan bé! I li llençá

francament una guspira de passió de les que fins ara havien
interromput les closes pestanyes.

–Escolta, apropat, sabs que penso? que a la Pepona no li agradaria

viure aquí: li fan por els sants, l'esgarrifa aixó –senyalava el mur– jo
en cambi hi viuría molt contenta. Josafat, apropat, assentat… i li feu
un xic de lloc en el propi escambell.
El campaner, am la cara roja, sens esma per llençar a fora a la que s
presentava tan senyora, tan bondadosa i tan honesta, aná a gemolir-
se en el banc, i allí restá meditabond. Estava atent perxó; en quant
ressurgís la dòna impura que descaradament el temptá en el trifori,
s'allunyaría d'ella o la treuría, sens compassió, a empentes, a cops,
morta o viva.

La llum que devallava del finestral atravessant la feixuga muralla, es

feia més escaça, més grisa, més misteriosa, més propícia a la
temptació. La Fineta en son reconet sols era una ombra borrosa, una
taca disfumida que incitava a apropar-s'hi, a estrenyer-la a tenir-la
abraçada am la amorosa melangía que encomana el cap-vespre.

El campaner, al mig de tanta complicitat es refregava pel banc, patint

i sospirant. No podía més i s redressá. La Fineta també, i ls dos
s'aproparen. Ella en front d'ell arquejá son cos, enlairá els braços,
retorcent-los en un estirament de mandra lasciva.

–Em vols, Josafat?

–Josafat oscilá. Per ses dents closes passava un ronc llarc, terrible.
Mirant la porta entreoberta de la capella romangué un curt moment,
apres fugí fins a trobar la paret; lo més lluny posible de la bagassa.
Aqueixa va empenyer la porta, ajustant-la, i, am les mans nervioses
posades en el forrallat, preguntá al acobardit campaner:

–Tanco? ¿sí? vols que tanqui? La veu era suplicanta enfervorida,

d'enamorada que s'entrega.