UNIT 10

OBJECTIVES READING SKILL

To identify markers for Definition & Exemplification

STRUCTURE
To learn more about Adjective Clause

SPEAKING SKILL
To describe one’s physical appearance
To describe one’s personality
READING SKILL:
DEFINITION
EXEMPLIFICATION
1 DEFINITION
Markers:

is/are is called
is known as is defined as
refers to can be defined as
The following are
sentences with
examples of words
and phrases that
give definitions.
 A neurologist is a doctor who
specializes in the nervous system.
A person who works in a farm
is called a farmer.
Biology can be defined as a
science that deals with life.
Intracellular refers to organisms
that live within the cell.
 A refrigerator is an electronic
device that can keep food fresh.
 Acids and bases make a very important part of chemistry. An acid
is a compound which gives H+ ions when dissolved in water whereas
a base is a compound which gives OH- ions in water. When there is a
reaction between the acid and base compounds, the end product is
always neutral as the acid and base neutralize each other’s effect. So
we can say that the chemical reaction between an acid and a base to
give a neutralized product is known as an acid base reaction. That
was a very general definition of this type of reaction.

1. What is the definition of acid?

2. What is an acid base reaction?
3. Mention the signal markers of definition!
2 EXEMPLIFICATION
Develops a general statement with
one or more specific examples.

for example for instance such as

including like e.g.
to illustrate as an example
 The vertebrates are divided into five classes: fishes,
amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Each of these
five classes can be further subdivided into smaller groups:
for example, mammals can be classified into 18 groups,
known as orders. Examples of orders are marsupial
(such as kangaroos), primates (including man and the
monkeys), and carnivores (including dogs and cats). The
class of reptiles consists of five orders: examples of these
are crocodilians (including crocodiles and alligators) and
squamata, examples of which are snakes and lizards.
STRUCTURE:
ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE
 ADJECTIVE CLAUSE /
RELATIVE CLAUSE

A dependent clause (consisting

of at least a Subject and a Verb)
that functions as an adjective

modifying or adding more information to a noun

Characteristics:

Beginning with Position:

Relatives Pronouns: After the noun
who(m), that, modified by the
which, whose, adjective clause
when, where
EXAMPLE Relative
Pronoun

the man who helps me

Adjective
The Noun
Clause
Modified
 Rules of
Using Modified Noun: Person
Relative
SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE
Pronouns
in the
WHO WHOM WHOSE
Adjective
Clauses
 Rules of
Using Modified Noun: Thing
Relative
SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE
Pronouns
in the That/ That/ Whose/
Adjective Which Which of which
Clauses
 Rules of Modified Noun:
Using
Relative TIME PLACE
Pronouns
in the When Where
Adjective
Clauses
 A neurologist is a doctor who
specializes in the nervous system.
 This is the patient
whom the doctor treated.
This is the topic which interests me.

An art that is in public places

can be enjoyed by every one.

The painting that Mr. Brown bought

was very expensive.
 Mr. Budi is the man
whose house I rented.
This is the hour when the students
usually start their classes.
 Here is the site where the bank
plans to build its new headquarters.
SPEAKING
Describing one’s
physical appearance
& personality
Describing a person's physical appearance

Start with general information like: hair

color and length, approximate height
and weight, gender, and age range.

Then, get more specific by describing

features like the eyes, nose, and mouth.
 EYES
narrow, wide, almond-shaped, round

EYEBROWS
thick, thin, spaced, near
 HAIR
blonde, shiny, wavy, greasy, short, long,
curly, brushed, dull, shoulder-length
 HEAD
bald, round, shaved

NOSE
hooked, straight, pointed,
flat, long, small
 COMPLEXION
pale, tanned, healthy

BUILD
muscular, average, slim
What does Mary look like?
She is short. She has got long, wavy hair, and
big, brown eyes. Her nose is small, and she has
a round face. She is pretty.

She is quite tall and slim/thin/slender.

She has got short, curly, blond hair. Her nose is
small and has an oval face. She is well-dressed.
What does John look like?

He is medium/average/normal height. He is well-

built/muscular. He has got short, straight brown hair
and a beard and moustache. He is good looking.

He is very/quite tall. He is skinny and has short,

wavy dark hair. He has got big, blue eyes.
His nose is pointed and has a pale skin.
SPEAKING
Describing one’s
personality
 Adjectives are used to describe personality

GRUMPY
LAZY
MEAN
RUDE
SELFISH
UNRELIABLE
ARROGANT
Adjectives are used to describe personality
EASY-GOING
BRAVE
GENEROUS
WISE
POLITE
HELPFUL
DILLIGENT