Malnad College Of Engineering

Hassan - 573202, Karnataka

(An Autonomous Institution Under VTU, Belgaum)

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY REPORT

SUBMITTED BY,
VARSHITHA K R MCE23CS022K09
SURAKSHA A S MCE23CS165M73
VARSHINI MOHAN MCE23CA044K17

SUBMITTED TO,
Mrs. POORNIMA. M. R
E and C department
 OPAMP APPLICATIONS
The OPAMP can be used for amplification, generating oscillation and for many
mathematical operations.

Inverting Amplifier:
The inverting amplifier is a closed loop amplifier in which the input is applied at
the inverting input. The output of the amplifier is 180 degree out of phase with
the input signal. The circuit diagram of inverting amplifier is shown in figure-2.14.
The expression for output voltage can be derived as
According to virtual ground concept, the voltage at node ‘A’ and voltage at node
‘B’ always be same. Hence node ‘B’ is connected to ground i.e zero volts,
VA = VB = 0.

The current flowing through R1 is equals to current flowing through Rf

I1 = I2
At input end,
𝑉𝑖𝑛−𝑉2
I1=
𝑅1
 𝑉𝑖𝑛
= ---------->1
𝑅1

At output end,
𝑉2−𝑉𝑜
Iin=
𝑅𝑓
−𝑉𝑜
= ---------->2
𝑅𝑓

Equating 1=2
−𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑖𝑛
=
𝑅𝑓 𝑅1
𝑅𝑓
Vo=− 𝑉𝑖𝑛 --------->OPAMP VOLTAGE
𝑅1
𝑉𝑜 𝑅𝑓
= 𝐴𝑣 = − ---------->GAIN
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑅1

Where Av is voltage gain, when Rf = R1, then Vo = -Vin

Wave form of Inverting Amplifier

Applications of Inverting Amplifier:

1.Signal Inversion: Inverting amplifiers are used to invert the polarity of
input signals. This is beneficial in applications where a complementary or phase-
shifted signal is required.
2.Instrumentation Amplifiers: Inverting amplifiers are part of
instrumentation amplifier circuits, providing precise amplification for sensor
signals in measurement and control systems.

3.Voltage-to-Current Conversion: Inverting amplifiers can convert a

voltage signal to a proportional current signal by connecting a resistor at the
output and forming a transconductance amplifier.

4.Feedback Systems: Inverting amplifiers are used in waveform generator

circuits, where they contribute to the shaping and amplification of generated
waveforms.

NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

The non-inverting amplifier preserves the input signal's phase.
- It employs positive feedback, connecting the feedback to the non-inverting (+)
input of the op-amp.
- The output is amplified, and there is no phase inversion compared to the input.

In summary, the key difference lies in how the input signal is treated concerning
phase inversion. The inverting amplifier flips the input signal, while the non-
inverting amplifier maintains its original phase. Both configurations are commonly
used in various electronic circuits for different applications.
It is an amplifier circuit, which amplifies the input signal and providing no phase
shift between input and output signals. The figure- 2.15 shows the circuit diagram
of non-inverting amplifier.
I1 = If = I and VA = VB = 0
At o/p end,
𝑉𝑜−𝑉2
I=
𝑅𝑓

𝑉𝑜−𝑉𝑖𝑛
=
𝑅𝑓

𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑖𝑛
= − ---------->1
𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓

At inverting terminal,
𝑉2−0
I=
𝑅1
𝑉2
=
𝑅1
𝑉𝑖𝑛
= ----------->2
𝑅1

Equating 1=2
𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑖𝑛
− =
𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓 𝑅1

𝑉𝑜 𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑉𝑖𝑛
= +
𝑅𝑓 𝑅1 𝑅𝑓
 𝑉𝑜 1 1
= 𝑉𝑖𝑛 [ + ]
𝑅𝑓 𝑅1 𝑅𝑓

𝑅𝑓
Vo=Vin[1 + ]
𝑅1
𝑉𝑜 𝑅𝑓
= 𝐴𝑣 = [1 + ]
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑅1

Wave form of Non Inverting Amplifier

Applications of Non Inverting amplifiers:

The non-inverting amplifier configuration in electronics has various applications,
including:

1.Instrumentation Amplifiers: Non-inverting configurations are a part of

instrumentation amplifiers, which are used for precise signal amplification in
measurement and sensing applications.

2.Voltage Followers: By setting the gain to unity, a non-inverting amplifier

can act as a voltage follower, providing a high input impedance and low output
impedance. This is useful for buffering signals between different circuit stages.

3.Unity Gain Buffer: Non-inverting amplifiers with a gain of one (unity gain)
are often used as buffers to isolate a high-impedance source from a low-
impedance load, preventing signal degradation.
4.Feedback Systems: A non-inverting amplifiers are integral in positive
feedback configurations, contributing to oscillators and other feedback-
based systems.