SOLUTIONS YEAR 7 Science Chemistry

Solutions:
 Solutions, suspensions, and colloids
 Matter: Heterogenous materials can see two parts,
 Homogenous materials – can see only one thing (one set of particles)
 Homogenous mixtures and pure substances
 A mixture is made by combining 2 or more substances6
Solutions
 A liquid that is a completely homogenous mixture of two or more substances is
csllalled a solution
 The main part of a solution normally a liquid is called the solvent
 The minor part (normally a solid) is called the solute.
 Solent + solute = solution
 In an aqueous solution, water is the solvent
 Water is sometimes referred to as the universal solvent as it vis very
versatile and will, dissolve many everyday compounds
 If two liquids will form a solution they are termed miscible
 If they don’t form solution they are termed immiscible
 Miscible: Fully mix in all proportions (Alcohol and water)
 Immiscible: Never fully mix in any proportions (Oil and water)
 A substance that dissolves is said to be soluble
 A substance that does not disssolbe is said to be insoluble.
 A substance that only slightly dissolves is termed to be sparingly soluble
 Solubility is defined as the amount of a given substance that can be
dissolved in a certain amount of solvent
 A saturated solution is one where the concentration is at a miximum no more
solute is able to dissolve
 If some of the solute settles to the bottom, we say the solution in
supersaturated
 Unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated
 When a beam of light is shone through a solution you will not be able to see
the light travel through
 If you can see the light beam it is called the Tyndall effect
 Solutions can consist of a liquid in a liquid eg cordial in water
- A gas in a gas eg air in a solution of nitrogen, oxygen
Suspensions
- A suspension is a mixture in which particles of material are dispersed
throughout a liquid or has and are large enough to settle out
- The mat happens quickly eg sand and water or very slowly eg chalk and water
- The particles in a suspension are insoluble.
- Suspensions are heterogenous mixtures.
- A substance called a “flocculant” can be used to make the particles stick
together and settle to the bottom of the container.
- You can see the particles in a suspension when the light is shone through.
Colloids
- Have properties of both solutinms and suspensions
- The particles in a colloid are much smaller the the particles in a
suspension and cant be seen with the naked eye
- Such as in milk, there are fat particles in it
- Colloids have the same definition as suspensions in that a colloid is a
mixture in which particles of material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas.
But the particles of a colloid are not large enough to settle out
- You cant see the particles in a colloid when light is shone through but you
can see the beam of light
- Examples of colloids include
Milk: Solid particles of fat and protein in water
Fog: Small particles of water in air
- A solution of small droplets of one liquid in another liquid is called an
emulsion
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