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Correct: The first part of the statement is false, the second part is true. The absolute potency of
a drug is immaterial as long as the appropriate dose is administered. If equally efficacious,
both drugs will produce the same effect.
 Incorrect choices: Both meperidine and morphine, for example, have the ability to treat severe
pain, but approximately 100 mg of meperidine would be required to produce the same action
as 10 mg of morphine. The dose of meperidine needed to produce pain relief is larger than
that for morphine. Less potent drugs require higher doses to produce therapeutic effects
whereas more potent drugs can reach toxic levels at lower doses.

REF: Characterization of Drug Action (Potency) | pp. 11-12 OBJ: 1

4. Which of the following statements is true regarding the therapeutic index (TI) of a drug?
a. A drug with a large TI is more dangerous than a drug with a small TI.
b. The formula for TI is ED50/LD50.
c. ED50 is 50% of the effective clinical dose.
d. TI is the ratio of the median lethal dose to the median effective dose.
ANS: D
Correct: LD50 is the dose causing death in 50% of test animals and ED50 is the dose required
to produce the desired clinical effect in 50% of test animals.
Incorrect choices: The greater the TI, the safer the drug. The formula is TI = LD50/ED50. The
ED50 is the dose required to produce the desired clinical effect in 50% of test animals, not
50% of the effective clinical dose.

REF: Characterization of Drug Action (Therapeutic Index) | p. 13

OBJ: 1

5. Which of the following statements is true concerning the mechanism of action of drugs?
a. Drugs are capable of imparting a new function to the organism.
b. Drugs either produce the same action as an exogenous agent or block the action of
an exogenous agent.
c. Drugs either produce the same action as an exogenous agent or block the action of
an endogenous agent.
d. Drugs either produce the same action as an endogenous agent or block the action
of an endogenous agent.
ANS: D
Correct: Drugs either produce the same action as an endogenous agent or block the action of
an endogenous agent.
Incorrect choices: Drugs do not impart a new function to the organism; they merely either
produce the same action as an endogenous agent or block the action of an endogenous agent.

REF: Mechanism of Action of Drugs | p. 13 OBJ: 2

6. When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites, the drug with the stronger affinity
for the receptor will bind to:
a. more receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
b. fewer receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
c. all of the available receptors.
d. none of the available receptors.
ANS: A
Correct: When different drugs compete for the same receptor sites, the drug with the stronger
affinity for the receptor will bind to more receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity.
 Incorrect choices: More of the drug with weaker affinity will be required to produce a
pharmacologic response. Drugs with a stronger affinity for receptor sites are more potent than
drugs with weaker affinities for the same site.

REF: Mechanism of Action of Drugs (Receptors) | p. 13 OBJ: 2

7. When a drug has affinity for a receptor and produces no effect, it is called a(n):
a. agonist.
b. competitive antagonist.
c. competitive agonist.
d. physiologic agonist.
ANS: B
Correct: A competitive antagonist has affinity for a receptor, combines with the receptor,
competes with the agonist for the receptor, and produces no effect.
Incorrect choices: An agonist has affinity for a receptor, combines with the receptor, and
produces an effect. Competitive agonist is nonsensical terminology. A physiologic antagonist
has affinity for a site different from that of the agonist in question.

REF: Mechanism of Action of Drugs (Agonists and Antagonists) | p. 13

OBJ: 2

8. A noncompetitive antagonist:
a. binds to the same receptor site as the binding site for the agonist.
b. causes a shift to the right in the dose-response curve.
c. enhances the maximal response of the agonist.
d. reduces the maximal response of the agonist.
ANS: D
Correct: A noncompetitive antagonist reduces the maximal response of the agonist.
Incorrect choices: Noncompetitive antagonists bind to a receptor site that is different from the
binding site for the agonist. A competitive antagonist will cause a shift to the right in the
dose-response curve.

REF: Mechanism of Action of Drugs (Agonists and Antagonists) | p. 14

OBJ: 2

9. Which of the following is not a subject of pharmacokinetics?

a. Physiologic action of drugs
b. Metabolism of drugs
c. Elimination of drugs
d. Absorption of drugs
ANS: A
Correct: The physiologic action of drugs is a subject of pharmacology, not pharmacokinetics.
Incorrect choices: Pharmacokinetics does have to do with the subjects of absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.

REF: Pharmacokinetics | p. 14 OBJ: 3

10. Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning passage across body membranes?
a. The membrane lipids make the membrane relatively permeable to ions and polar
 molecules.
b. The lipid molecules orient themselves so that they form a fluid bimolecular leaflet
structure with the hydrophobic ends of the molecules shielded from the
surrounding aqueous environment.
c. Membrane carbohydrates make up the structural components of the membrane and
help move the molecules across the membrane during the transport process.
d. Both a and b are true.
e. Both b and c are true.
ANS: B
Correct: The lipid molecules orient themselves so that they form a fluid bimolecular leaflet
structure with the hydrophobic ends of the molecules shielded from the surrounding aqueous
environment. The hydrophilic ends are in contact with water.
Incorrect choices: The membrane lipids make the membrane relatively impermeable to ions
and polar molecules. Membrane proteins make up the structural components of the membrane
and help move the molecules across the membrane during the transport process.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Passage Across Body Membranes) | p. 14

OBJ: 3

11. Which of the following choices is the process by which a substance is transported against a
concentration gradient?
a. Passive transfer
b. Active transport
c. Facilitated diffusion
d. Filtration
ANS: B
Correct: Active transport is a mechanism for movement of substances, often against a
concentration gradient, that uses the energy of the cell to actively pump the substance from
one side of a membrane to the other.
Incorrect choices: Passive transfer and filtration entail the passage of substances in a manner
proportional to their concentration on each side of the membrane. The substances move
without any assistance. Facilitated transport uses a carrier protein but cannot transport
substances against a gradient.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Specialized Transport) | p. 14 OBJ: 3

12. Drugs that are weak electrolytes will cross body membranes best when they are (1)
nonionized, (2) ionized, (3) polar, (4) nonpolar, (5) lipid soluble, (6) water soluble.
a. 1, 3, 5
b. 1, 3, 6
c. 1, 4, 5
d. 1, 4, 6
e. 2, 4, 5
ANS: C
Correct: Drugs that are weak electrolytes will cross body membranes best when they are
nonionized, nonpolar, and lipid soluble. These drugs dissociate in solution and equilibrate into
a nonionized form and an ionized form. The nonionized, or uncharged, portion acts as a
nonpolar, lipid-soluble compound that readily crosses body membranes.
 Incorrect choices: The ionized portion of drugs that are weak electrolytes will traverse
membranes with greater difficulty because they are less lipid soluble.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Ionization) | p. 15 OBJ: 3

13. Increasing the pH of a solution will cause:

a. a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in the ionized form.
b. a greater percentage of a weak acid in the solution to be in the un-ionized form.
c. the hydrogen ion concentration to increase.
d. a greater percentage of a weak base in the solution to be in the un-ionized form.
e. no change in the relative ionization of weak acids or weak bases.
ANS: D
Correct: Weak bases become ionized at low pH and unionized at higher pH.
Incorrect choices: If the pH of the site rises, the hydrogen ion concentration will fall. For
weak bases, this results in the unionized form (B), which can more easily penetrate tissues.
Conversely, if the pH of the site falls, the hydrogen ion concentration will rise. This results in
an increase in the ionized form (BH+), which cannot easily penetrate tissues.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Ionization) | p. 15 OBJ: 3

14. When the acidity of the tissue increases, as in instances of infection, the effect of a local
anesthetic decreases; therefore, the local anesthetic is a weak acid.
a. Both parts of the statement are true.
b. Both parts of the statement are false.
c. The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
d. The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.
ANS: C
Correct: The first part of the statement is true, the second part is false. Infections lead to an
accumulation of acidic waste products, which lowers the pH of the local area. Local
anesthetics must penetrate the nerve cell membrane to cause their action. They become more
ionized as the pH drops. This property is a characteristic of weak bases, not weak acids.
Incorrect choices: Local anesthetics are weak bases. Weak bases are better absorbed when the
pH is greater than the pKa. A weak base is associated and ionized when the pH is less than the
pKa.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Ionization) | p. 15 OBJ: 3

15. Which of the following is true regarding basic principles of drug distribution in the
bloodstream?
a. All drugs in the blood are either bound to plasma proteins or free.
b. Only the drug that is bound to plasma proteins can exert the pharmacologic effect.
c. Only the drug that is bound to plasma proteins can pass across cell membranes.
d. The free drug is a reservoir for the drug.
ANS: A
Correct: All drugs in the blood are either bound to plasma proteins or free.
Incorrect choices: Only the drug that is free can exert the pharmacologic effect. Only the free
drug can pass across cell membranes. The bound drug is a reservoir for the drug.
 REF: Pharmacokinetics (Basic Principles) | p. 15 OBJ: 3

16. The movement of a drug from one site in the body to other sites is called:
a. distribution.
b. disruption.
c. dispersion.
d. active transport.
ANS: A
Correct: Distribution is the movement of a drug from the site of absorption or injection to
other sites.
Incorrect choices: Disruption is the initial destruction of a tablet coating or capsule during oral
absorption. Dispersion is the spread of concentrated drug particles throughout the stomach or
intestines. Active transport is a process involved in the passage of certain agents, including
some drugs, across membrane barriers and may be involved in not only drug redistribution but
also drug absorption, distribution, or excretion.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Basic Principles) | p. 15 OBJ: 3

17. The distribution of a drug is determined by:

a. blood flow to the organ.
b. presence of certain barriers.
c. plasma protein–binding capacity.
d. solubility of the drug.
e. all of the above.
ANS: E
Correct: All of the above choices are correct. If the blood circulation to an organ is low, it will
receive less drug. The more membranes and barriers a drug needs to cross, the slower the rate
at which it will reach the organ in question. The binding of drugs to plasma proteins reduces
the concentration of drug that can leave the circulation and be taken up by an organ. The
relative level of fat or water solubility of a drug will influence where and how rapidly a drug
will distribute.
Incorrect choices: The distribution of a drug is determined by several factors, such as the size
of the organ, the blood flow to the organ, the solubility of the drug, the plasma protein–
binding capacity, and the presence of certain barriers (e.g., blood-brain barrier, placenta).

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Basic Principles) | pp. 15-16 OBJ: 3

18. If one dose of a drug is administered and the drug’s half-life in the body is 3 hours, what
percentage of the drug would be left after four half-lives?
a. 50%
b. 6.25%
c. 2%
d. Insufficient information to determine
ANS: B
Correct: The half-life is the time required for a drug level to fall to one half of its
concentration. The drug concentration would go to 50% 25% 12.5% 6.25% in four
half-lives.
 Incorrect choices: The information given is more than sufficient to answer the question. One
needs merely to count the number of half-lives and divide the percentage drug in half for
every half-life passed since the drug was administered.

REF: Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Half-Life) | p. 18 OBJ: 3

19. One dose of a drug is administered that has a half-life of 8 hours. Assuming first-order
kinetics, how much time is needed for this drug to be over 96% eliminated from the body?
a. 8 hours
b. 40 hours c.
60 hours d.
120 hours
ANS: B
Correct: Assuming first-order kinetics, 40 hours would be required for this drug to be over
96% eliminated from the body.
Incorrect choices: Five half-lives are needed to reduce the levels of a drug to 3.125% of the
original levels, or eliminate over 96%. For a drug with an 8-hour half-life, this amounts to five
half-lives 8 hours per half-life, or 40 hours.

REF: Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Kinetics) | p. 19 OBJ: 3

20. The half-life of a drug is most related to its:

a. onset.
b. duration.
c. safety.
d. time to peak concentration.
ANS: B
Correct: Half-life is the amount of time required for a drug to fall to one half of its blood
level. It is an expression of how long the drug lasts in the body.
Incorrect choices: Onset is the time at which a drug starts to take effect. The half-life does not
predict the relative safety of a drug; safe drugs can have long or short half-lives. Time to peak
concentration refers to how much time is required for a drug to reach effective levels in the
body, not how long a drug lasts in the body.

REF: Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Half-Life) | p. 18 OBJ: 3

21. Enterohepatic circulation of a drug involves the secretion of a metabolized drug into the
intestine. If enterohepatic circulation is blocked, the level of the drug in the serum will fall.
a. Both statements are true.
b. Both statements are false.
c. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.
d. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
ANS: A
Correct: Both statements are true. Enterohepatic circulation involves the secretion of a
metabolite, such as a conjugated drug, via the bile into the intestine. While in the intestine, the
metabolite is broken down (deconjugated), and the active drug can be reabsorbed into the
circulation. If this process is blocked, then the reactivated drug cannot reenter the circulation,
and the serum level will fall accordingly.
 Incorrect choices: Both of the statements are true as written. The circular pattern continues
with some drug escaping with each passing. This process prolongs the effect of a drug.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Enterohepatic Circulation) | p. 16 OBJ: 3

22. If redistribution occurs between specific sites and nonspecific sites, a drug’s action will be:
a. prolonged.
b. extended.
c. decreased.
d. terminated.
ANS: D
Correct: If redistribution occurs between specific sites and nonspecific sites, a drug’s action
will be terminated.
Incorrect choices: Redistribution of a drug is the movement of a drug from the site of action to
nonspecific sites of action. A drug’s duration of action can be affected by redistribution of the
drug from one organ to another.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Redistribution) | p. 16 OBJ: 3

23. The is the most common site for biotransformation.

a. kidney
b. blood plasma
c. liver
d. small intestine
ANS: C
Correct: The liver is the most common site for biotransformation. Biotransformation is the
body’s way of changing a drug so that the kidneys can more easily excrete it.
Incorrect choices: The liver rather than kidney, blood plasma, or small intestine is the most
common site for biotransformation.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Metabolism [Biotransformation]) | p. 16

OBJ: 3

24. The metabolite formed during metabolism (biotransformation) is usually _ polar and
lipid soluble than its parent compound.
a. more; more
b. more; less
c. less; more
d. less; less
ANS: B
Correct: The metabolite is usually more polar and less lipid soluble than its parent compound,
meaning that renal tubular reabsorption of the metabolite will be reduced because reabsorption
favors lipid-soluble compounds. Metabolites are also less likely to bind to plasma or tissue
proteins and less likely to be stored in fat tissue.
 Incorrect choices: Drugs must pass through various membranes such as cellular membranes,
blood capillary membranes, and intracellular membranes. The lipid in the membranes makes
them relatively impermeable to ions and polar molecules. Decreased renal tubular absorption,
decreased binding to the plasma or tissue proteins, and decreased fat storage cause the
metabolite to be excreted more easily.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Metabolism [Biotransformation]) | p. 16

OBJ: 3

25. All of the following choices are true with regard to cytochrome P-450 hepatic microsomal
enzymes except that they:
a. can be induced to speed up drug metabolism.
b. can be inhibited to slow down drug metabolism.
c. exist as numerous isoenzymes.
d. inactivate drugs through conjugation reactions.
ANS: D
Correct: Cytochrome P-450 hepatic microsomal enzymes inactivate drugs but not through
conjugation. They are involved in phase I metabolism and metabolize drugs through
oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions. Phase II reactions involve conjugation with
glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, or an amino acid.
Incorrect choices: Cytochrome P-450 hepatic microsomal enzymes can be induced to speed
up drug metabolism or inhibited to reduce or slow down drug metabolism. They exist as
numerous isozymes that have specificity for certain drugs. Examples of isoenzymes include
cytochrome P-450 and 3A4.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (First-Pass Effect) | p. 17 | Pharmacokinetics (Cytochrome P-450 Induction

and Inhibition) | p. 17 OBJ: 3

26. Which of the following reactions is considered to be in the category of phase II drug
metabolism?
a. Conjugation
b. Reduction
c. Hydrolysis
d. Oxidation
ANS: A
Correct: Phase II reactions involve conjugation with glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid,
or an amino acid. The most common conjugation occurs with glucuronic acid.
Incorrect choices: Reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation are all examples of phase I drug
metabolism.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (First-Pass Effect) | p. 17 OBJ: 3

27. If a drug displays zero-order elimination kinetics:

a. elimination increases as the dose of the drug is increased.
b. a constant amount is eliminated per unit time.
c. the drug is not eliminated and is retained in the body.
d. the elimination of the drug cannot be predicted mathematically.
ANS: B
 Correct: With zero-order kinetics, the metabolism or excretion mechanisms for a drug in the
body are saturated, meaning that they are at their maximal level. If more drug is given, then
the body cannot keep up, and the drug levels will increase.
Incorrect choices: The body cannot adjust to more drug, and elimination of a drug will remain
the same as the dose of the drug is increased. If the drug is eliminated but a longer time is
required, then it would for a first-order elimination. The elimination of the drug can be
mathematically predicted.

REF: Clinical Pharmacokinetics (Kinetics) | p. 19 OBJ: 3

28. Which of the following processes in the kidney can result in retention of a drug in the body?
a. Glomerular filtration
b. Active tubular secretion
c. Passive tubular diffusion
d. All of the above
ANS: C
Correct: Passive tubular diffusion is a process whereby solutes such as drugs, which are
concentrated in the renal tubular fluid, can diffuse out of the tubule and back into the
circulation. The drugs must be un-ionized and lipid soluble to passively diffuse back to the
circulation.
Incorrect choices: Glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion are ways in which drugs
and their metabolites enter the renal tubular fluid on their way to the collecting duct and the
urine.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Excretion) | p. 18 OBJ: 3

29. Which of the following is (are) true when tubular urine is more acid?
a. Weak acids are excreted more rapidly.
b. Weak bases are excreted more rapidly.
c. Weak acids are excreted more slowly.
d. Both a and b are true.
e. Both b and c are true.
ANS: E
Correct: The process of passive tubular diffusion favors the reabsorption of nonionized,
lipid-soluble compounds. The more ionized, less lipid-soluble metabolites have more
difficulty penetrating the cell membranes of the renal tubules and are likely to be retained in
the tubular fluid and eliminated in the urine. When tubular urine is more acid, weak acids are
excreted more slowly and weak bases are excreted more rapidly.
Incorrect choices: When the tubular urinary pH is more alkaline than the plasma, weak acids
are excreted more rapidly and weak bases are excreted more slowly.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Excretion) | p. 18 OBJ: 3

30. Which term refers to the time required for a drug to begin to have its effect?
a. First pass
b. Duration
c. Onset
d. Efficacy
 ANS: C
Correct: Onset is the time at which a drug starts to take effect.
Incorrect choices: First pass refers to the metabolism of drugs by the liver during their
movement from the gastrointestinal tract to the systemic circulation via the portal circulation.
Duration is the amount of time the drug is active in the body. Efficacy is an assessment of the
effectiveness of a drug and does not refer to how quickly or how long a drug acts in the body.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Routes of Administration) | p. 20

OBJ: 5

31. An enteral route of administration would be:

a. intravenous.
b. oral.
c. sublingual.
d. transdermal.
ANS: B
Correct: Enteral means situated or occurring inside of the gastrointestinal tract (intestines).
Incorrect choices: Intravenous, sublingual, and transdermal routes of administration bypass
the gastrointestinal tract.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Routes of Administration) | p. 20

OBJ: 5

32. What of the following choices is considered the safest, least expensive, and most convenient
route for administering drugs?
a. Inhalation
b. Rectal
c. Oral
d. Subcutaneous
ANS: C
Correct: Oral administration requires no sophisticated devices, is slow enough in onset to
gauge reactions and stop the next dose, and is easy for a patient to administer without
assistance.
Incorrect choices: Inhalation and subcutaneous administration require devices, such as
inhalers and needles, and the drug is irretrievable once administered. Rectal dosing has lower
patient acceptance, and absorption can be variable.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Routes of Administration) | p. 20

OBJ: 5

33. Advantages of oral administration of a drug include all the following except:
a. large surface area for drug absorption.
b. many different dose forms that may be administered orally.
c. more predictable response than intravenous administration.
d. the simplest way to introduce a drug into the body.
ANS: C
 Correct: Intravenous administration offers a more predictable response than the oral route
because the drug is injected directly into the bloodstream, bypassing many physiologic
barriers, the hostile environment of the gastrointestinal tract, and drug-metabolizing enzymes
that are encountered during oral absorption of a drug.
Incorrect choices: Others are all characteristics of oral administration.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Oral Route) | p. 20

OBJ: 5

34. Which organ is involved in the first-pass effect after oral administration of a drug?
a. Kidney
b. Lungs
c. Liver
d. Spleen
ANS: C
Correct: On oral administration, drugs are absorbed and are carried via the portal circulation
to the liver, where a percentage of the drug may be metabolized before entering the systemic
circulation.
Incorrect choices: After oral dosing, drugs reach the kidney, lungs, and spleen after passing
through the liver.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (First-Pass Effect) | p. 17 OBJ: 3

35. Which of the following routes of drug administration produces the most rapid drug response?
a. Intravenous
b. Intramuscular
c. Subcutaneous
d. Intradermal
ANS: A
Correct: Intravenous administration produces the most rapid drug response, with an almost
immediate onset of action. Because the injection is made directly into the blood, the
absorption phase is bypassed.
Incorrect choices: The intramuscular route, subcutaneous route, and intradermal route all have
slower drug response rates than intravenous drug administration.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Intravenous Route) | p. 20

OBJ: 5

36. What route is used to administer the tuberculosis skin test?

a. Intramuscular
b. Intradermal
c. Intravenous
d. Subcutaneous
ANS: B
Correct: Intradermal administration is used to provide local, rather than systemic, action.
Local anesthetics are also given this way. The other routes are all chosen when systemic
action is desired.
 Incorrect choices: Intramuscular, intradermal, and subcutaneous routes of administration are
not used to administer the tuberculosis skin test.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Intradermal Route) | p. 21

OBJ: 5

37. What type of administration involves the injection of solutions into the spinal subarachnoid
space?
a. Intrathecal route
b. Intraperitoneal route
c. Intravenous route
d. Intradermal route
ANS: A
Correct: The intrathecal route is used for injection of solutions into the spinal subarachnoid
space.
Incorrect choices: Intraperitoneal route refers to placing fluids into the peritoneal cavity.
Intravenous route refers to administering drugs directly into the blood circulation. Intradermal
route refers to injecting a drug just under the skin.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Intrathecal Route) | p. 21

OBJ: 5

38. Drug preparations may be administered for local or systemic effects. Which is an example of a
dose form used for a local effect?
a. Sublingual tablet
b. Transdermal patch
c. Ophthalmic ointment
d. Subcutaneous injection
ANS: C
Correct: Ophthalmic ointments and drops are used specifically for treating the eye, not for
treating a systemic disorder.
Incorrect choices: Administration of a sublingual tablet leads to rapid entry of the drug into
the systemic circulation. A transdermal patch is a specialized dose form for the controlled
delivery of a drug into the systemic circulation. A subcutaneous injection is applied into the
subcutaneous areolar tissue to gain access to the systemic circulation.

REF: Table 2-2: Routes of Administration | p. 21 OBJ: 5

39. Application of a transdermal patch is an example of parenteral administration because the

drug is delivered in a manner that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract.
a. Both parts of the statements are true.
b. Both parts of the statements are false.
c. The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
d. The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.
ANS: A
Correct: Both parts of the statement are true. A transdermal patch is designed to provide
continuous controlled release of medication through a semipermeable membrane over a given
period after application to the intact skin.
 Incorrect choices: Drugs given by the enteral route are placed directly into the gastrointestinal
tract by oral or rectal administration. Parenteral means situated or occurring outside of the
gastrointestinal tract (intestines). Examples of routes that bypass the gastrointestinal tract
include various injection routes, inhalation, and topical administration. In practice, the term
parenteral usually refers to an injection.

REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Routes of Administration) | p. 20

OBJ: 5

40. A patient’s perception that a pill without active ingredients is having a pharmacologic effect is
termed:
a. tachyphylaxis.
b. hypersensitivity.
c. neurosis.
d. compliance.
e. placebo effect.
ANS: E
Correct: Placebo effect is the term used to report when a patient perceives a pharmacologic
effect after administration of a medication without active ingredients.
Incorrect choices: Tachyphylaxis is a rapid loss of drug sensitivity, akin to tolerance; the other
choices are nonsensical answers. Compliance is the ability of a patient to adhere to the
instructions of his or her physician.

REF: Factors that Alter Drug Effects | p. 19 OBJ: 4

41. The need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug to obtain the same effects as the original
dose is:
a. drug dependency.
b. insufficiency.
c. drug tolerance.
d. craving.
ANS: C
Correct: Tolerance is a phenomenon in which the body changes in some way so that the same
dose of drug has a weaker effect over time.
Incorrect choices: Persons who display drug dependency may also display tolerance, but they
are two different phenomena. Insufficiency is not a term used to describe the tolerance
phenomenon. Craving, similar to tolerance, may occur alongside drug dependence, but the
desire to have more drug is not synonymous with tolerance to a drug’s effects.

REF: Factors that Alter Drug Effects | p. 19 OBJ: 4

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Which of the following statements are true regarding drug-receptor interactions? (Select all
that apply.)
a. Drug receptors appear to consist of many large molecules that exist either on the
cell membrane or within the cell itself.
b. A specific drug will usually bind with a specific receptor in a lock-and-key
 fashion.
c. Only a single receptor type is found at the site of action.
d. The energy formed by a drug-receptor interaction is very strong and the bond is
difficult to break.
ANS: A, B
Correct: Drug receptors may exist either on the cell membrane or within the cell. Usually, a
specific drug will bind with a specific receptor.
Incorrect choices: More than one receptor type or identical receptors can be found at the site
of action. Many drug-receptor interactions consist of weak chemical bonds, and the energy
formed during the interaction is very low. As a result, the bonds can be formed and broken
easily. Once a bond is broken, another drug molecule immediately binds to the receptor.

REF: Mechanism of Action of Drugs (Receptors) | p. 13 OBJ: 2

TRUE/FALSE

1. A prodrug is an inactive drug compound that becomes transformed into an active drug
compound.

ANS: T
Correct: This statement represents an example of drug metabolism (converting a drug from
inactive to active).

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Metabolism [Biotransformation]) | p. 16

OBJ: 3

2. Drugs, after undergoing phase I drug metabolism, are more likely to be distributed to fat
tissue.

ANS: F
Correct: Phase I drug metabolism usually makes a drug more polar and with less affinity for
fatty tissue.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Metabolism [Biotransformation]) | p. 16

OBJ: 3

3. If a drug is a weak base that is excreted via the kidneys, then acidifying the urine will enhance
its excretion.

ANS: T
Correct: Weak bases will become ionized in an acid environment and will not be able to
passively diffuse out of the kidney tubule.

REF: Pharmacokinetics (Excretion) | p. 18 OBJ: 3

4. The route of administration of a drug affects both the onset and duration of response.

ANS: T
Correct: Onset refers to the time required the drug to begin to have its effect. Duration is the
length of a drug’s effect.
REF: Routes of Administration and Dose Forms (Routes of Administration) | p. 30
OBJ: 5
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 The Times [London] Lit Sup p369 Je 10
’20 90w
+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p432 Jl 8
’20 1150w

BURGESS, WARREN RANDOLPH. Trends of

school costs. (Education monographs) il $1 Russell
Sage foundation 379

20–17519

“The study is based upon data included in the reports of the United
States Commissioner of education, and covers the period from 1870
to 1918. By means of the ‘line of trends’ the writer presents a striking
picture of the drift of annual expenditures for public education in the
United States during the period noted, comparing this with a similar
representation of the growth in pupil attendance. Noting the fact that
teachers’ salaries and new buildings absorb four-fifths of all school
expenditures for the year 1917–18, an analysis is made of the trends
of teachers’ salaries since 1840, the salaries of rural and city teachers,
both men and women, being considered separately. Interesting
comparisons of these with the lines representing the trends of the
cost of living and of the salaries of other workers are presented.
Likewise, the tendencies with reference to costs of buildings are
similarly shown. A special set of tables and graphs indicates the
trends of such costs during the period from 1915–20. From the data
presented the writer concludes that ‘to buy the same amount of
educational service in 1920 as in 1915 it will be necessary to double
the school budget.’ The closing chapter deals with the sources of
income for school support.”—School R
 “Aside from the content, the method employed in the study will be
of interest to students of education.”

+ El School J 21:235 N ’20 250w

N Y P L Munic Ref Lib Notes 7:39 O 20
’20 70w
School R 28:710 N ’20 680w

BURKE, KATHLEEN. Little heroes of France. il

*$1.75 (4c) Doubleday 940.344

20–17608

Twelve stories of deeds of heroism performed by French children

during the war. The author was engaged in relief work and some of
the children she knew personally. “Others she knew because all
France loved and honored them. One of the stories, that of the
Denisot children, was found in the diary of a German soldier.”
(Introd.) Contents: André Lange and his wheelbarrow; Madeleine
and André Daniau; Denise Cartier; Robert Felix; Louise Haumont;
Louis and Marcelle Denisot; Baby Pierre; Gustave Daret; René
Chautier; Etienne Chevrille; Emile Depres; Henriette Maubert. The
book is illustrated by Paul Verrees and has an introduction by Alfred
Holman.

“Heroic, really true and full of action these will prove stirring tales
and bring home the horrors of war to all boys and most girls.”
 + Booklist 17:121 D ’20
Ind 104:379 D 11 ’20 40w

“It is an incredibly stirring, beautiful little book, and it is one that

every generous child will love. It is not alone for children, however.”
Hildegarde Hawthorne

+ N Y Times p9 D 12 ’20 90w

Springf’d Republican p6 D 4 ’20 50w

[2]
BURKE, THOMAS. Song book of Quong Lee of
Limehouse. *$1.25 Holt 811

20–22856

A book of poems in free verse viewing life through the oriental eyes
of Quong Lee, shopkeeper in Limehouse, London’s Chinatown.
Humor and philosophy mingle in the poems. Titles are: Of buying
and selling; A nightpiece; Of a national cash register; Under a
shining window; A song of little girls; At the feast of lanterns; Of
worship and conduct.

“Occasionally a banality, but light and poignant sentiment in

abundance, with here and there a poem that sets vibrating the cords
of sensibility.”

+ − Bookm 52:551 F ’21 100w

 “Mr Burke triumphs so splendidly in these verses, as he did in his
prose stories, that he deserves all the praise we can give him.” W: S.
Braithwaite

+ Boston Transcript p4 D 22 ’20 1450w

“These vers libre pieces of ‘song’ present the personality of

Chinatown, the quaint phrase and the cool temper with a reality
which grows more and more vivid as one reads them through.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p782 N 25

’20 60w

BURROUGHS, EDGAR RICE. Tarzan the

untamed. il *$1.90 McClurg

20–7515

“This new story tells what happened to Tarzan and his wife and the
home he had made in British East Africa when war broke out in 1914
and a small detachment of black soldiers, commanded by German
officers, marched past his farm and on to German headquarters.
Tarzan was hurrying home from Nairobi, where he had heard of the
outbreak of war when this happened, and when he reaches his farm
he finds a scene of desolation, no one left alive upon his place. In
grief and rage and hate he casts off the veneer of civilization and
becomes the ape-man once more, while he ranges the country to find
those who have killed his mate and mete to them the justice of the
jungle. He finds them, but the result makes only the beginning of the
story, which goes swiftly on through many complications.”—N Y
Times
 “It runs on for some four hundred pages with no visible trace of
style, little or no atmosphere or local color, and about as slim a
foundation plot as has graced a novel for many a day.”

− Boston Transcript p4 S 4 ’20 300w

“The story shows the same qualities that have marked the previous
Tarzan stories—ingenuity and fertility of invention, combined with
those crude and garish features that make the success of a popular
moving picture play.”

+ − N Y Times 25:302 Je 6 ’20 430w

“Will doubtless thrill the crowd which loves the cinematograph,

and cares nothing for common-sense, or coherence, compared with
violent sensation and frequent killing.”

− Sat R 130:141 Ag 14 ’20 360w

Springf’d Republican p11a S 12 ’20 120w

BURROUGHS, JOHN. Accepting the universe.

il *$2 (2c) Houghton 210

20–18062

“A series of sallies, excursions, into the world of semi-

philosophical speculation,” the author calls this collection of essays,
whose burden is “that this is the best possible world, and these
people in it are the best possible people,” that “the universe is good,”
and “the heart of nature is sound.” Among the longer essays are:
Shall we accept the universe? The universal beneficence; The faith of
a naturalist; The price of development; The problem of evil. Then
follow two groups of short pieces under the headings: Horizon lines;
and Soundings. The poet of the cosmos, in the last essay, is Walt
Whitman.

“The philosophizings will please many not too radical thinkers.

Most people will prefer his bits on nature.”

+ Booklist 17:97 D ’20

Bookm 52:367 D ’20 180w
Lit D p101 N 6 ’20 1200w

“He is a naturalist; his vision is as broad as terrestrial time; he

leads us over much geological and biological ground to the mind of
man. But once confronted with that phenomenon, he is, like many a
scientist, evasive; he is reduced to the merest academic platitudes.”

+ − Nation 112:89 Ja 19 ’21 840w

“Spirited and eloquent pages.” H. W. Boynton

+ N Y Evening Post p4 D 31 ’20 1050w

“There will be many who will take issue with Mr Burroughs’s

philosophy of God and nature, good and evil, life and death, but this
will not disturb him. He has unquestionably brought the inexorable
facts of existence to bear upon theories, creeds and beliefs, and has
applied their lesson with unsparing frankness. The result is not in
line with so-called orthodoxy, but none the less he has coined into
words the unspoken expressions of many hearts.” H: L. West

+ − N Y Times p16 O 24 ’20 950w

“His philosophy is a mass of contradictions. Mr Burroughs in

accepting the universe drops out from it its most important
phenomena.”

− Outlook 126:515 N 17 ’20 300w

“Of flowers and birds and the simple life Mr Burroughs has
something to say, his divagations on the universe leave us doubting.
It would in fact be easy to point out a series of shocking
inconsistencies into which he has been thrown by his ambitious
attempt to combine a wise and wholesome life in nature with a
metaphysical theory of natural evolution.”

− + Review 3:392 O 27 ’20 470w

BURT, KATHARINE (NEWLIN) (MRS

MAXWELL STRUTHERS BURT). Hidden Creek.
il *$2 (2½c) Houghton

20–15343

When Sheila Arundel’s artist father dies and leaves her penniless,
she counts herself fortunate to be befriended by Sylvester Hudson,
who has come into her life thru a painting of her father’s he has just
bought to decorate his western hotel. He takes her back with him to
Millings, but the reception his family give her makes her eager to be
independent and in gratitude to Hudson she consents to become a
bar maid in his saloon. The only member of his family who treats her
with respect is Dickie, the despised half-drunken son, in whom she
discovers a soul akin to her own poetic nature. Her success in the
saloon brings her popularity of a kind, but one particularly trying
day, culminating in a brutal insult from her employer, determines
her to get away and she seeks refuge with Miss Blake, a recluse living
on Hidden Creek alone with her dogs and her peculiarities. From the
horror that this experience brings, Cosme Hilliard, a hot-blooded
young half-Spaniard, rescues her, and for a time it seems that he is to
be her hero, but Dickie, whose character has been developing along
with hers, altho in a different way, at length comes into his own.

“‘Hidden Creek’ follows no beaten path; its plot is skillfully

developed and the story is told with realism and with a sparkling
wit.”

+ N Y Times p30 S 12 ’20 200w

“Will be welcomed by the reader with fondness for romance staged

apart from the trodden paths of every day life.”

+ Springf’d Republican p11a S 26 ’20

200w

BURT, KATHARINE (NEWLIN) (MRS

MAXWELL STRUTHERS BURT). Red lady.
*$1.75 (3c) Houghton
 20–6709

A unique feature of this mystery story is that its principal

characters, including both hero and villain, are women. Men play
secondary parts. Three housekeepers have fled from the Pines when
Janice Gale accepts the position. Her first intimation of something
wrong comes with the signs of terror exhibited by her mistress’s
young son at sight of her red hair. Then there are indications that the
house is haunted. The child Robbie is frightened into convulsions
and dies with a strand of red hair in his fingers. Janice next comes
face to face with the ghost and finds her the counterpart of herself.
Convinced that this is a real woman she sets herself to trace the
mystery, braves great dangers, all but loses her life, escapes and wins
the love of the young detective who has been regarding her as a
criminal.

“An exceptionally fine specimen, American in origin, of that

popular genus colloquially known as the ‘shocker.’”

+ Ath p867 D 24 ’20 80w

“The mystery of it all is hard to penetrate but Mrs Burt at last finds
a way out of the strange tangle and altogether writes a very good and
very unusual story.”

+ Boston Transcript p7 My 8 ’20 200w

“This story would be more attractive if the author were to make,

say, her present ninth chapter her first. She could condense in that
one chapter about all she has told us in the eight preceding and
would thus spare the reader much boredom. And yet, considering
how good are the final chapters, there is reason to believe that we
have in Mrs Burt one of the well worth while writers of real mystery
stories of the immediate future.”

+ − N Y Times 25:27 Je 27 ’20 650w

BURT, MAXWELL STRUTHERS. Songs and

portraits. *$1.50 Scribner 811

20–8428

“A nature modestly reflective as well as emotionally alert is

revealed in ‘Songs and portraits’ by Maxwell Struthers Burt. The
poems reminiscent of the dead, in form and spirit not unlike those of
Rupert Brooke, express the belief that ‘the dead know all.’ In
‘Fishing’ and ‘Marchen’ this Princeton poet paints gay and naive little
small-boy pictures. He reasons rather bitterly against frantic fanatics
and pudgy-fingered plutocrats.”—Springf’d Republican

+ Booklist 17:60 N ’20

“Mr Burt’s ear and his learning are much indebted to Rupert
Brooke—but it is a sorrowful thing to see anyone assume so easily all
the palpable qualities of another. There are the same studied
irrelevancies, the same feminine endings, the same delight in names.
Mr Burt has imitated most of the many things we would like to forget
in Rupert Brooke, including his glorification of war and death.” G. T.

− + Freeman 1:526 Ag 11 ’20 250w

 “When at last he shall speak thoughts all his own, it is hoped that
he will not have lost his really very lovely gift of expression, his
round, elegant, springtime pregnancy and shapeliness of phrase.”
Mark Van Doren

+ − Nation 111:sup414 O 13 ’20 100w

“Although many of the poems seem unfinished, as if their maker

had had the right poetic impulse but scant leisure, nevertheless there
is a warmth and naturalness of utterance In all of them that will
rejoice the hearts of those who are weary of strident or vapid
artificialities.” Margaret Wilkinson

+ N Y Times p18 Ag 8 ’20 370w

“Mr Burt’s ‘Songs and portraits’ has real delicacies of a kind

neither very usual nor very extraordinary. There are phrases of
drooping grace; there are straying, sinuous rhythms; there is a
desultory and hovering tenderness. Mr Burt’s very picturesqueness is
rather mellow than picturesque.” O. W. Firkins

+ Review 3:171 Ag 25 ’20 100w

+ Springf’d Republican p11a Jl 11 ’20 160w

BURTON, ALEXANDER. Public speaking made

easy. (Made easy ser.) $1.25 (3c) Clode, E. J. 808.5

20–16872
 In the introduction the author calls attention to the present-day
tendency in the art of oratory which distinguishes it from the oratory
of the past. “This is the cultivation of simplicity in form as opposed to
that ornateness of phraseology which has been so characteristic of
the most esteemed public utterances in former times.” The chapters
following the Introduction are: Breathing; Pronunciation; The voice;
Accessories of the voice; Direct training; Preparing a speech; The
deeper training; Beecher’s Liverpool address; Lincoln’s oratory; A
southern orator; The American system; Conclusion.

BURTON, THEODORE ELIJAH. Modern

political tendencies and the effect of the war thereon.
(Stafford Little lectures for 1919) *$1.25 Princeton
univ. press 320.1

19–25948

“The president of the Merchants national bank of New York,

former United States senator from Ohio, sees four dominant phases
in the changing ideas of peoples and governments: the relation of
governments to the governed; the relation of the governed each to
the other; the relation of the central government to its constituent
parts; and international relations.”—Booklist

Booklist 16:112 Ja ’20

Boston Transcript p6 F 11 ’20 650w
 “‘Modern political tendencies’ by Theodore E. Burton possibly sets
the Stafford Little lectures at a higher level of open-mindedness than
was reached by such earlier contributors as Grover Cleveland and
Elihu Root; in fact it is marked by that tone of restrained liberalism
which is coming to be a mark of our more important bank
presidents, to the great amazement and confusion, no doubt, of their
editorial satellites.”

+ Dial 67:498 N 29 ’19 60w

BURY, GEORGE WYMAN. Pan-Islam. *$2.25

Macmillan 297

20–5812

“‘“Pan-Islam” is an elementary handbook,’ explains the author,

‘not a text-book, still less an exhaustive treatise.’ It is a study of the
Pan-Islamic problem on the political, social, religious, and many
other sides, by one who served in the Hedjaz and Arabia during the
war, but has also had a quarter of a century’s experience of
Mohammedan countries and peoples. As a rule he abstains from
political criticism.”—Ath

“His remarks on aggressive missionary enterprise are sensible and

illustrated by plenty of facts.”

+ Ath p61 Ja 9 ’20 80w

“The book is well written and full of interesting and valuable

information. The long experience of the author and his manifest
fairness make his opinions of more than ordinary importance.”
 + Bib World 54:429 Jl ’20 230w
+ Booklist 17:48 N ’20

“The Carnegie peace commission should send the last chapter, A

plea for tolerance, to every missionary organization.”

+ Dial 68:668 My ’20 60w

+ Spec 124:18 Ja 3 ’20 1250w

“He writes in a progressive spirit and very sympathetically toward

the Moslem world. It is far better that his sentiments were expressed
by an Englishman than by an American. The last chapter, a plea for
toleration, is really a most admirable piece of writing.” I. C. Hannah

+ Survey 44:310 My 29 ’20 280w

The Times [London] Lit Sup p770 D 18
’19 60w

“Mr Bury presents a fairly impartial view of Christian missions in

the Near East, with their effect on Islam. It is a problem which he has
studied at first hand, and he is studiously careful to express his views
courteously. He is best when he is away from religious discussion,
describing the Arab and the Turk as he knows them. Altogether Mr
Bury’s book contains much that is entertaining; and although he has
chosen too resonant a title for what might more reasonably be called
essays, his expressed opinions are sensible and his matter readable.”

+ − The Times [London] Lit Sup p776 D 25

’19 1000w
 BURY, JOHN BAGNELL. Idea of progress.
*$5.50 Macmillan 901

20–9233

“Prof. J. B. Bury’s new work is ‘The idea of progress: an inquiry

into its origin and growth.’ The theme is developed under such
chapter headings as: Some interpretations of universal history:
Bodin and Leroy; Utility the end of knowledge: Bacon; The progress
of knowledge: Fontenelle; The general progress of man: Abbe de
Saint-Pierre; New conceptions of history: Montesquieu, Voltaire,
Turgot; The French revolution: Condorcet; The theory of progress in
England; German speculation on progress; The search for a law of
progress: Saint-Simon and Comte; and Progress in the light of
evolution.”—Springf’d Republican

“This is just the chief merit of Professor Bury’s book, that it

discriminates with fine precision between what is essential to the
modern conception of progress and what only superficially resembles
it. His exposition of the significance of the idea of progress in the
history of European civilization is so lucid that it leaves nothing to be
desired.” Carl Becker

+ Am Hist R 26:77 O ’20 800w

Ath p791 Je 18 ’20 630w

“It is hardly necessary to say that the author carries out the
historical inquiry with great width of learning and with a scrupulous
desire to make a reasonable case even for those writers whose
presentation has its weak or even its ridiculous points. His remarks
are eminently judicious wherever they can be tested.” P. V. M.
Benecke

+ − |Eng Hist R 35:581 O ’20 1650w

“An exceedingly clear and interesting account of the origin and

growth of the idea of progress.” S. B. Fay

+ |Review 3:478 N 17 ’20 520w

“Professor Bury’s work in clarity, accuracy, and fairness attains the

high standard set by his previous historical volumes.”

+ Spec 124:795 Je 12 ’20 950w

Springf’d Republican p8 Ap 17 ’20 90w

“It is a work of profound scholarship, sedate in tone and rational in

spirit. It is unfortunate that Professor Bury did not carry his study
beyond his self-imposed limitation which ended it with the time
when progress became a current creed.” A. J. Todd

+ Survey 45:322 N 27 ’20 730w

“A sound piece of pioneer work, with its merits and limitations.

Only his knowledge of the subject and its intrinsic interest have
saved his book from falling into the class of those which are less
often read than consulted. Professor Bury has condensed the results
of his work with remarkable ease and brevity and always with
fairness.”
 + The Times [London] Lit Sup p357 Je 10
’20 1700w

BUSH, COLEMAN HALL. Applied business

law. *$1.28 Holt 347.7

20–5200

As the ordinary empirical methods of acquiring the essentials of

business law and practice are “entirely too slow ... the purpose of this
book is to eliminate the long term of apprenticeship, to give a wide
range of experience to all who seek it, by presenting material, both
law and facts, for application in constructive work.” (Statement of
purpose) The book is in two parts: 1, Fundamental principles:
Essentials of contracts; Agency; Service; Deposits, loans, and hiring
of things; Carriage; Sales of goods; Partnership; Insurance;
Negotiable paper; Real property; Business corporations. 2, How to
write business papers: Simple contracts; Articles of agreement;
Negotiable contracts; Contracts concerning land; Miscellaneous
forms; Index.

School R 28:476 Je ’20 250w

BUTCHER, ALICE MARY (BRANDRETH)

lady. Memories of George Meredith. il *$1.60 (6c)
Scribner
 (Eng ed 20–6151)

This book of reminiscences begins delightfully, when the author

was a girl of thirteen, with pebbles tossed against a bedroom window
and an invitation to walk to the top of Box Hill to see the sun rise. It
continues in the same vein of intimate, personal reminiscence to the
day of Meredith’s death. There are pleasant glimpses of Shakespeare
readings, of picnics, of Meredith’s family life, and of his friendships
with young people, with quotations from letters and conversations.

“Her reminiscences have a girlish naïveté which is far from

unattractive. Her anecdotes and some of the letters he wrote to her
and his whimsical and witty talk help to fill out pleasantly our mental
portrait of Meredith.”

+ Ath p1354 D 12 ’19 100w

“She is to be congratulated on her heroic self-restraint. We enjoy

here, we are made to feel, the cream of several volumes.” J. J. Daly

+ − Bookm 51:351 My ’20 820w

“Many details of Meredith’s family life are given by Lady Butcher

in a wholly informal and fragmentary manner. Her style is frequently
cloudy and repetitious, and she often spoils a good story by her
clumsy way of telling it.” E. F. E.

+ − Boston Transcript p6 Ja 17 ’20 1250w

Cleveland p51 My ’20 80w
 “After reading Lady Butcher one needs to draw back a little with
half-closed eyes to fit the various fragments together; but in a
moment or two it will be seen that they merge quite rightly into the
figure of the great man.”

+ The Times [London] Lit Sup p765 D 18

’19 900w

BUTLER, ELLIS PARKER. How it feels to be

fifty. *75c (18c) Houghton 814

20–8224

A genial essay reprinted from the American Magazine of

December, 1919. Its substance is summed up in the concluding
paragraph: “At twenty my life was a feverish adventure, at thirty it
was a problem, at forty it was a labor, at fifty it is a joyful journey
well begun.”

+ − Boston Transcript p6 Jl 17 ’20 480w

BUTLER, ELLIS PARKER. Swatty; a story of

real boys. il *$1.90 (2c) Houghton

20–5587
 Mr Butler goes back to his own boyhood for these stories. They are
stories of boy life on the banks of the Mississippi and the book opens
with a tale of the mighty river on one of its spring rampages. Swatty,
Bony and George are “real boys” of the Huck Finn and Plupy Shute
type. Altho the episodes are loosely woven together to make a
continuous narrative, many of them are in effect short stories and
some have been published as such in the American Magazine.
Among the titles are: The big river; Mamie’s father; Scratch-cat; The
haunted house; The red avengers; The ice goes out.

“Better if read in parts, a few adventures at a time.”

+ Booklist 16:311 Je ’20

“Were it not for a lamentable lapse into sentimentality out of

keeping with the rest of the book, ‘Swatty’ would be a worthy
successor [to Huck Finn]. A boy like George would never in this wide
world possess a grandmother addressed as ‘Ladylove,’ and if he did,
he would be cut into small pieces before he would use so soft an
appellation.” G. M. Purcell

+ − Bookm 51:473 Je ’20 470w

“Although the situations are somewhat hackneyed, the author has

the knack of seeing things from a boy’s point of view and expressing
them in a boy’s language.”

+ Cleveland p50 My ’20 60w

“The humor of the book is broad and obvious rather than

whimsical, but Mr Butler’s admirers will probably enjoy it.”