SYDE 361

Systems
Design
Engineering

Lecture 4
Renewable Energy
Energy Harvesting
S2024

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

World Energy Need

Check the potential growth Renewable

energy use forecast vs. Oil & Coal.
 World Energy
Consumption

Units: exaJoules

What is it

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix
 Energy Units

Energy units are Joules (J)

Power units are Watt (J/s)

• Mechanical Energy (J) is the sum of PE and KE

1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑚𝑚2 1 𝑚𝑚2
ME = {mass (m) x distance(d) x gravity (g)} + { 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚 × 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 2 (𝑣𝑣 2 ) = mgd ( ) + 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 )= Joules
2 𝑠𝑠 2 2 𝑠𝑠 2

• Electrical Energy (J) = Watt Hour (Wh) x 3600 (seconds) [Note: Watt = Joules/sec ; 1Whr = 3600 J]
EE = Power (P) x Time (T) = P (W) x T (h)
o P = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 2 (𝐼𝐼 2 ) x Resistance (R)
o P = Potential Volt (V) x Current (I)
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 2 (𝑉𝑉 2 )
o P=
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 (𝑅𝑅)

• Thermal Energy (J) ?!

Energy Efficiency vs.
Energy Conservation

Energy Efficiency: use of devices and

technologies that need less energy and cause
energy losses.

How to measure Energy Efficiency:

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝜂𝜂 =
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

Energy Conservation: use less energy by

adjusting behavior and habits.

https://www.ecowatch.com/energy-efficiency-101.html
 1) Search All Types of Renewable Energy that can
be harvested and stored on the main grid
a) List Them
b) Identify the type of energy conversion use
units' equation
2) Think out of the box on other sources
from everyday personal activities that can
power mini devices.
a) List Them
b) Identify the type of energy
conversion use units' equation

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA 9

Useful Equation
Pressure (Pa) {N/m2=kg/ms2} = ρ g h = (kg/m3)(m/s2)(m)

Potential Energy (J) {kg m2/s2} = m g h = (kg) )(m/s2)(m)

Kinetic Energy (J) {{kg m2/s2} = ½ ρ V υ = (kg/m3)(m3)(m/s)

Power (Watt) {J/s) = 𝑸𝑸̇ 𝝆𝝆 𝒈𝒈 𝒉𝒉 = (m3/s)(kg/m3)(m/s2)(m)

Note:
- 𝑸𝑸̇ = volume flow rate
- 𝒎𝒎̇ = mass flow rate = 𝑸𝑸̇ 𝝆𝝆
Bernoulli’s
Equation
Assumes:
- Laminar flow
- Incompressible flow: i.e density
does not change as it flows

https://efficientengineer.com/bernoulli/