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Full Download PDF of Test Bank For Principles of Life, 1st Edition: David M. Hillis All Chapter
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Step 1 of 3
Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. The atom consists of three kinds of particles,
namely, electrons, protons, and neutrons.
• Protons are the positively charged particles that are present in the atom. They are
present in the nucleus in the center of the atom.
• The nucleus also contains neutrons, which are particles having no electrical charge.
• Electrons are the negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus.
Step 2 of 3
The sodium atom has 11 protons and hence has 11 electrons too. The 11 protons are
found in the centrally located nucleus. The 11 electrons revolve around the nucleus in
orbits.
The first shell has 2 electrons in it. The second shell has 8 electrons in it. The remaining
electron will be present in the third shell.
The sketch is as follows:
The octet rule states that atoms tend to have 8 electrons in their outermost shell, so as
to be stable.
According to octet rule, sodium can easily loose the single electron in its outermost
shell. This now ensures that the outermost shell has 8 electrons and the atom now
becomes stable.
Step 3 of 3
The chemical reactivity is due to the behavior of electrons and not due to neutrons. The
presence of a neutron in the isotope of hydrogen does not change the chemical
reactivity of deuterium.
Step 1 of 10
A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms. A covalent
bond between two different atoms may result in unequal sharing of electrons. The
unequal sharing results because one of the nuclei involved in the bonding may attract
the electron pair to a greater extent than the nucleus.
Electronegativity refers to this attractive force that is exerted by the nucleus of an atom
on the shared electrons involved in a covalent bond.
The extent of electronegativity of an atom depends on the number of protons present in
the nucleus. It also depends upon the distance between the nucleus and the shared
electrons.
Step 2 of 10
The covalent bond is said to be nonpolar when the two sharing atoms share the
electrons equally. When the electrons are shared unequally between two atoms, the
bond is said to be polar.
The electro-negativities of different atoms can be used to predict whether the covalent
bond between them would be polar or nonpolar.
•N–H
The electronegativity of nitrogen is 3.0 and of hydrogen is 2.2.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Since, the difference between the electronegativity of nitrogen and hydrogen is greater
than 0.5, the N – H bond will be polar.
Step 3 of 10
•C–H
The electronegativity of carbon is 2.6 and of hydrogen is 2.2.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Since, the difference between the electronegativity of nitrogen and hydrogen is lesser
than 0.5, the C – H bond will be nonpolar.
Step 4 of 10
•C=O
The electronegativity of carbon is 2.6 and of oxygen is 3.4.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Since, the difference between the electronegativity of carbon and oxygen is greater than
0.5, the C = O bond will be polar.
Step 5 of 10
•C–N
The electronegativity of carbon is 2.6 and of nitrogen is 3.0.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Since, the difference between the electronegativity of nitrogen and carbon is lesser than
0.5, the C – N bond will be nonpolar.
Step 6 of 10
•O–H
The electronegativity of oxygen is 3.4 and of hydrogen is 2.2.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Since, the difference between the electronegativity of oxygen and hydrogen is greater
than 0.5, the O – H bond will be polar.
Step 7 of 10
•C–C
The electronegativity of carbon is 2.6.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Step 8 of 10
Since, the difference between the electronegativity is lesser than 0.5, the C – C bond
will be nonpolar.
Step 9 of 10
•H–H
The electronegativity of hydrogen is 2.2.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Since, the difference between the electronegativity is lesser than 0.5, the H – H bond
will be nonpolar.
Step 10 of 10
•O–P
The electronegativity of oxygen is 3.4 and of phosphorus is 2.2.
The difference between their electro-negativities is:
If the difference in electronegativity is greater than 0.5, the bond will be polar.
Since, the difference between the electronegativity of oxygen and phosphorus is greater
than 0.5, the O – P bond will be polar.
Step 1 of 3
Two glucose monosaccharides can undergo condensation reactions to be covalently
linked by the formation of glycosidic linkages. During the condensation reaction, a
molecule of water is lost from the glucose molecules.
The following is the structure of the disaccharide that is formed by two glucose
monosaccharides:
The following is the structure of glucose molecule:
Glucosamine is more polar than glucose. This is because the amino group can ionize in
aqueous solutions to form – NH3+. The presence of this ionic group on the molecule
makes it more polar than glucose and it can readily interact with the polar water
molecules.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Eustace
Marchmont: A friend of the people
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Language: English
BY
EVELYN EVERETT-GREEN
BOSTON:
A. I. BRADLEY & CO.
PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
I. ON CHRISTMAS EVE 1
II. THE DUCHESS OF PENARVON 17
III. THE HOUSE OF MOURNING 32
IV. THE DUKE’S HEIR 48
V. MAN OF THE WORLD AND MYSTIC 63
VI. THE GOSPEL OF DISCONTENT 78
VII. THE KINDLED SPARK 94
VIII. BRIDE’S PERPLEXITIES 111
IX. THE WAVE OF REVOLT 129
X. A STRANGE NIGHT 145
XI. DUKE AND DEFAULTER 160
XII. AUTUMN DAYS 176
XIII. TWO ENCOUNTERS 193
XIV. EUSTACE’S DILEMMA 209
XV. STIRRING DAYS 225
XVI. THE POLLING AT PENTREATH 242
XVII. THE DUKE’S CARRIAGE 258
XVIII. ABNER’S PATIENT 274
XIX. THE BULL’S HORNS 289
XX. BRIDE’S VIGIL 307
XXI. FROM THE DEAD 322
XXII. SAUL TRESITHNY 337
XXIII. BRIDE’S PROPOSAL 353
XXIV. CONCLUSION 368
EUSTACE MARCHMONT
CHAPTER I
ON CHRISTMAS EVE
“Yer’s tu thee, old apple-tree,
Be zure yu bud, be zure yu blaw,
And bring voth apples gude enough
Hats vul! caps vul!
Dree bushel bags vul!
Pockets vul and awl!
Urrah! Urrah!
Aw ’ess, hats vul, caps vul!
And dree bushel bags vul!
Urrah! Urrah! Urrah!”