68 Chapter 2 Basic Laws

2.20 Determine io in the circuit of Fig. 2.84. 2.24 For the circuit in Fig. 2.88, find Vo / Vs in terms of α,​
R1, R2, R3, and R4. If R1 = R2 = R3 = R4, what value
of α will produce |Vo / Vs| =​10?
io 22 Ω

Io R1
54 V + + 5i
– – o
+
Vs + R2 𝛼Io R3 R4 Vo
–
–
Figure 2.84
For Prob. 2.20. Figure 2.88
For Prob. 2.24.

2.21 Find Vx in the circuit of Fig. 2.85.

2.25 For the network in Fig. 2.89, find the current, volt-
age, and power associated with the 20-kΩ resistor.
2 Vx
1Ω
+ –

+
+ 5 mA 10 kΩ Vo 0.01Vo 5 kΩ 20 kΩ
15 V +
– 5Ω Vx –
–
Figure 2.89
For Prob. 2.25.
2Ω
Figure 2.85
For Prob. 2.21. Sections 2.5 and 2.6 Series and Parallel Resistors
2.26 For the circuit in Fig. 2.90, io = 3 A. Calculate ix and
2.22 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. 2.86 and the power the total power absorbed by the entire circuit.
absorbed by the dependent source.

10 Ω ix io
25 Ω
+ Vo –

10 Ω 25 A 2 Vo
20 Ω 10 Ω 5Ω 40 Ω

Figure 2.86
For Prob. 2.22. Figure 2.90
For Prob. 2.26.

2.23 In the circuit shown in Fig. 2.87, determine Vx and

the power absorbed by the 60-Ω resistor. 2.27 Calculate Io in the circuit of Fig. 2.91.

5Ω 6Ω
8Ω
+ v –
x
20 Ω
Io
60 A 10 Ω 40 Ω 60 Ω
10 V +
– 3Ω 6Ω

15 Ω 30 Ω

Figure 2.87 Figure 2.91

For Prob. 2.23. For Prob. 2.27.
 Problems 69

2.28 Design a problem, using Fig. 2.92, to help other 2.32 Find i1 through i4 in the circuit in Fig. 2.96.
students better understand series and parallel circuits.
i4 i2 200 Ω
60 Ω
R1
+ v1 – 40 Ω 50 Ω
+ + i3 i1
Vs +
–
v2 R2 v3 R3 16 A
– –

Figure 2.92
For Prob. 2.28. Figure 2.96
For Prob. 2.32.

2.29 All resistors (R) in Fig. 2.93 are 10 Ω each. Find Req.
R
2.33 Obtain v and i in the circuit of Fig. 2.97.

Req R i 4S 6S

+
R R R R 9A v 1S 2S 3S
–
R
Figure 2.97
Figure 2.93 For Prob. 2.33.
For Prob. 2.29.

2.30 Find Req for the circuit in Fig. 2.94. 2.34 Using series/parallel resistance combination, find the
equivalent resistance seen by the source in the circuit
of Fig. 2.98. Find the overall absorbed power by the
resistor network.
25 Ω 180 Ω
50 Ω 70 Ω 150 Ω
60 Ω

Req 60 Ω
600 V +
– 400 Ω 400 Ω 200 Ω

Figure 2.94 130 Ω 50 Ω

For Prob. 2.30.
Figure 2.98
For Prob. 2.34.

2.31 For the circuit in Fig. 2.95, determine i1 to i5.

2.35 Calculate Vo and Io in the circuit of Fig. 2.99.
i1
3Ω
i3
i2 70 Ω 30 Ω
Io
200 V +
– 4Ω i4 2 Ω i5 200 V +
–
1Ω +
20 Ω Vo 5Ω
–

Figure 2.95 Figure 2.99

For Prob. 2.31. For Prob. 2.35.
70 Chapter 2 Basic Laws

2.36 Find i and Vo in the circuit of Fig. 2.100. 2.39 Evaluate Req looking into each set of terminals for
each of the circuits shown in Fig. 2.103.

i 80 Ω 24 Ω 50 Ω 3 kΩ

6Ω
25 Ω 3Ω 2 kΩ 6 kΩ
+
20 V +
– 20 Ω 30 Ω Vo
– 6Ω 3Ω 6 kΩ

60 Ω 20 Ω
(a) (b)
Figure 2.103
Figure 2.100 For Prob. 2.39.
For Prob. 2.36.
2.40 For the ladder network in Fig. 2.104, find I and Req.

2.37 Given the circuit in Fig. 2.101 and that the resis- I 8Ω 2Ω 1Ω
tance, Req, looking into the circuit from the left is
equal to 100 Ω, determine the value of R1.
15 V + 4Ω 6Ω 2Ω
–

R1 R1 Req

Figure 2.104
For Prob. 2.40.
R1 R1

2.41 If Req = 50 Ω in the circuit of Fig. 2.105, find R.

Figure 2.101
For Prob. 2.37.
10 Ω R
30 Ω

Req 12 Ω 12 Ω 12 Ω
60 Ω
2.38 Find Req and io in the circuit of Fig. 2.102.

Figure 2.105
For Prob. 2.41.
60 Ω

12 Ω 2.42 Reduce each of the circuits in Fig. 2.106 to a single

resistor at terminals a-b.
io 2.5 Ω 6Ω 5Ω
80 Ω
a b
35 V +
– 15 Ω 20 Ω 8Ω 20 Ω

Req
30 Ω
Figure 2.102
For Prob. 2.38. (a)

2Ω 4Ω 5Ω
a b

5Ω 3Ω 10 Ω
 30 Ω Problems 71
(a)
2.45 Find the equivalent resistance at terminals a-b of
2Ω 4Ω 5Ω
a
each circuit in Fig. 2.109.
b

5Ω 3Ω 10 Ω 10 Ω

8Ω 4Ω 40 Ω

20 Ω
(b)
Figure 2.106 a
For Prob. 2.42.
30 Ω 5Ω

50 Ω
b
2.43 Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab at terminals
a-b for each of the circuits in Fig. 2.107. (a)

5Ω 30 Ω

a
12 Ω
20 Ω 10 Ω 40 Ω
5Ω 20 Ω
b
(a)
25 Ω 60 Ω

15 Ω 10 Ω
10 Ω
a
(b)

80 Ω
Figure 2.109
60 Ω 20 Ω 30 Ω For Prob. 2.45.

b
(b)
Figure 2.107
For Prob. 2.43.

2.44 For the circuits in Fig. 2.108, obtain the equivalent 2.46 Find I in the circuit of Fig. 2.110.
resistance at terminals a-b.

20 Ω 72 Ω 80 Ω
I

30 Ω 24 Ω 20 Ω
a
140 V +
– 36 Ω 10 Ω
30 Ω 8Ω
14 Ω 36 Ω

36 Ω
b

Figure 2.108 Figure 2.110

For Prob. 2.44. For Prob. 2.46.
72 Chapter 2 Basic Laws

2.47 Find the equivalent resistance Rab in the circuit of 2.50 Design a problem to help other students better
Fig. 2.111. understand wye-delta transformations using
Fig. 2.114.

c
R R
5Ω 6Ω
R
9 mA
10 Ω 8Ω
d a b e
R R

20 Ω 3Ω
Figure 2.114
f For Prob. 2.50.
2.51 Obtain the equivalent resistance at the terminals a-b
Figure 2.111 for each of the circuits in Fig. 2.115.
For Prob. 2.47.
a

10 Ω 20 Ω
10 Ω
30 Ω
Section 2.7 Wye-Delta Transformations
2.48 Convert the circuits in Fig. 2.112 from Y to Δ. 10 Ω 20 Ω
b
(a)
10 Ω 10 Ω 30 Ω 20 Ω
a b a b 30 Ω

10 Ω 50 Ω
25 Ω 10 Ω 20 Ω
a
c c
5Ω 15 Ω
(a) (b)
Figure 2.112 b
For Prob. 2.48. (b)
Figure 2.115
For Prob. 2.51.

2.49 Transform the circuits in Fig. 2.113 from Δ to Y.

* 2.52 For the circuit shown in Fig. 2.116, find the equiva-
lent resistance. All resistors are 3Ω.
60 Ω 75 Ω
a b a b

60 Ω 60 Ω 150 Ω 25 Ω

c c
(a) (b)
Figure 2.113 Req
For Prob. 2.49. Figure 2.116
For Prob. 2.52.

* An asterisk indicates a challenging problem.

 Problems 73

* 2.53 Obtain the equivalent resistance Rab in each of the 2.56 Determine V in the circuit of Fig. 2.120.
circuits of Fig. 2.117. In (b), all resistors have a
value of 30 Ω. 30 Ω

16 Ω 15 Ω 10 Ω
30 Ω 40 Ω
+
20 Ω 100 V +
– V 35 Ω 12 Ω 20 Ω
–
a 10 Ω
Figure 2.120
80 Ω For Prob. 2.56.
60 Ω 50 Ω

b
* 2.57 Find Req and I in the circuit of Fig. 2.121.
(a)

a I 10 Ω 25 Ω
30 Ω

10 Ω 5Ω
10 Ω

b
(b) 50 V +
–
10 Ω 20 Ω
80 Ω
Figure 2.117
For Prob. 2.53.
10 Ω 15 Ω
25 Ω
2.54 Consider the circuit in Fig. 2.118. Find the equiva-
Req
lent resistance at terminals: (a) a-b, (b) c-d.
Figure 2.121
10 Ω 450 Ω
For Prob. 2.57.
a c

300 Ω 300 Ω
Section 2.8 Applications
b d
450 Ω 60 Ω 2.58 The 150 W light bulb in Fig. 2.122 is rated at
110 volts. Calculate the value of Vs to make the light
Figure 2.118
For Prob. 2.54. bulb operate at its rated conditions.

150 Watt

2.55 Calculate Io in the circuit of Fig. 2.119.

100 Ω
Vs +
– 50 Ω
Io
Figure 2.122
For Prob. 2.58.
400 Ω 700 Ω
200 Ω
100 V +
– 2.59 An enterprising young man travels to Europe
carrying three light bulbs he had purchased in North
800 Ω 1.7 kΩ
America. The light bulbs he has are a 100-W light
400 Ω bulb, a 60-W light bulb, and a 40-W light bulb. Each
light bulb is rated at 110 V. He wishes to connect
Figure 2.119 these to a 220-V system that is found in Europe. For
For Prob. 2.55. reasons we are not sure of, he connects the 40-W