112 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.7 In the circuit of Fig. 3.49, current i1 is: 3.9 The PSpice part name for a current-controlled volt-
age source is:
(a) 4 A (b) 3 A (c) 2 A (d) 1 A
(a) EX (b) FX (c) HX (d) GX
3.10 Which of the following statements are not true of the
2Ω 1Ω pseudocomponent IPROBE:
(a) It must be connected in series.
+
20 V +
– i1 v 2A i2 (b) It plots the branch current.
–
(c) It displays the current through the branch in
which it is connected.
3Ω 4Ω (d) It can be used to display voltage by connecting it
Figure 3.49 in parallel.
For Review Questions 3.7 and 3.8. (e) It is used only for dc analysis.
(f) It does not correspond to a particular circuit
element.
3.8 The voltage v across the current source in the circuit
of Fig. 3.49 is: Answers: 3.1a, 3.2c, 3.3a, 3.4c, 3.5c, 3.6a, 3.7d, 3.8b,
(a) 20 V (b) 15 V (c) 10 V (d) 5 V 3.9c, 3.10b,d.

Problems
Sections 3.2 and 3.3 Nodal Analysis 3.3 Find the currents I1 through I4 and the voltage vo in
the circuit of Fig. 3.52.
3.1 Using Fig. 3.50, design a problem to help other
students better understand nodal analysis.
vo

R1 R2 I1 I2 I3 I4

Ix 8A 10 Ω 20 Ω 30 Ω 20 A 60 Ω

12 V + R3 + 9V
– –

Figure 3.50 Figure 3.52

For Prob. 3.1 and Prob. 3.39. For Prob. 3.3.

3.2 For the circuit in Fig. 3.51, obtain v1 and v2.

3.4 Given the circuit in Fig. 3.53, calculate the currents
i1 through i4.
2Ω

6A
v1 v2 3A

i1 i2 i3 i4
10 Ω 5Ω 4Ω 3A
6A 20 Ω 10 Ω 40 Ω 40 Ω 2A

Figure 3.51 Figure 3.53

For Prob. 3.2. For Prob. 3.4.
 Problems 113

3.5 Obtain vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.54. 3.9 Determine Ib in the circuit in Fig. 3.58 using nodal
analysis.
120 V
+– 60Ib
Ib 250 Ω
60 V +
– + + –
120 kΩ 120 kΩ vo
30 kΩ – 24 V + 50 Ω 150 Ω
–

Figure 3.54
For Prob. 3.5.
Figure 3.58
For Prob. 3.9.

3.6 Solve for V1 in the circuit of Fig. 3.55 using nodal 3.10 Find Io in the circuit of Fig. 3.59.
analysis.

1Ω
10 Ω
4Ω
4A 2 Io

5Ω +
Io
10 V +
– V1 10 Ω + 20 V
–
– 8Ω 2Ω 4Ω

Figure 3.55
For Prob. 3.6. Figure 3.59
For Prob. 3.10.

3.11 Find Vo and the power dissipated in all the resistors

3.7 Apply nodal analysis to solve for Vx in the circuit of in the circuit of Fig. 3.60.
Fig. 3.56.

12 Ω Vo 6Ω

+
60 V + 12 Ω – 24 V
60 Ω Vx 30 Ω 0.05Vx – +
2A
–

Figure 3.56 Figure 3.60

For Prob. 3.7. For Prob. 3.11.

3.8 Using nodal analysis, find vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.57. 3.12 Using nodal analysis, determine Vo in the circuit in
Fig. 3.61.

6Ω 20 Ω 20 Ω 10 Ω

Ix +
+ 60 V +
–
+ 40 V +
– 20 Ω 10 Ω Vo
vo 4Ω 5vo 4 Ix
–
– –
20 Ω

Figure 3.57 Figure 3.61

For Prob. 3.8 and Prob. 3.37. For Prob. 3.12.
114 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.13 Calculate v1 and v2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.62 using 3.17 Using nodal analysis, find current io in the circuit of
nodal analysis. Fig. 3.66.

v1 10 Ω 600 V v
2
+–
io

50 Ω 30 Ω 15 A

4Ω 2Ω
10 Ω
8Ω
Figure 3.62
For Prob. 3.13. 60 V +
– 3io

3.14 Using nodal analysis, find vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.63. Figure 3.66
For Prob. 3.17.
12.5 A

8Ω 3.18 Determine the node voltages in the circuit in Fig. 3.67

using nodal analysis.
2Ω
1Ω +
vo 4Ω –
+ 50 V
+ – 300 V
100 V – +–

Figure 3.63
For Prob. 3.14. 40 Ω 2 40 Ω
1 3
3.15 Apply nodal analysis to find io and the power dis-
sipated in each resistor in the circuit of Fig. 3.64. 20 Ω 15 A 40 Ω

2A

Figure 3.67
10 V 3S For Prob. 3.18.
+–
io

6S 5S 4A
3.19 Use nodal analysis to find v1, v2, and v3 in the circuit
of Fig. 3.68.
Figure 3.64
For Prob. 3.15.
3A
3.16 Determine voltages v1 through v3 in the circuit of
Fig. 3.65 using nodal analysis. 2Ω

2S v1 8Ω v2 4Ω
v3

2vo
v1 v2 8S 8Ω
+– v3 5A 4Ω 2Ω
+
2A 1S vo 4S + 13 V +
– 12 V
– –

Figure 3.65 Figure 3.68

For Prob. 3.16. For Prob. 3.19.
 Problems 115

3.20 For the circuit in Fig. 3.69, find v1, v2, and v3 using 3.24 Use nodal analysis and MATLAB to find Vo in the
nodal analysis. circuit of Fig. 3.73.
240 V
+–
20i 8Ω
v2 20 Ω v3
v1
+– i + Vo –
4A 4Ω 2A
40 Ω 10 Ω 40 Ω

1Ω 2Ω 2Ω 1Ω

Figure 3.69
For Prob. 3.20. Figure 3.73
For Prob. 3.24.
3.21 For the circuit in Fig. 3.70, find v1 and v2 using nodal
analysis.
Io
5Ω 3.25 Use nodal analysis along with MATLAB to determine
the node voltages in Fig. 3.74.
2Io
20 Ω
v1 v2
20 Ω v4
5Ω
10 Ω 10 Ω
1Ω v2 10 Ω
+– v1 v3
30 V 30 Ω
Figure 3.70 4A 8Ω 20 Ω
For Prob. 3.21.

3.22 Determine v1 and v2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.71.

10 Ω
Figure 3.74
For Prob. 3.25.

10 Ω 3A
v1
v2
+ vo – 3.26 Calculate the node voltages v1, v2, and v3 in the
10 Ω circuit of Fig. 3.75.
10 V + 20 Ω
–
– 5vo
+
3A

10 Ω io
Figure 3.71
For Prob. 3.22.
v1 5Ω v2 5Ω
v3
3.23 Use nodal analysis to find Vo in the circuit of Fig. 3.72.

3Vo 20 Ω 5Ω 15 Ω
60 Ω 30 Ω
+–
+ + –
15 V +
– –
4io
+ 10 V
30 V +
– 30 Ω Vo 60 Ω 3A
–

Figure 3.72 Figure 3.75

For Prob. 3.23. For Prob. 3.26.
116 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

* 3.27 Use nodal analysis to determine voltages v1, v2, and 3.30 Using nodal analysis, find vo and io in the circuit of
v3 in the circuit of Fig. 3.76. Fig. 3.79.

4S 96 V
40 Ω
–+

3io 10 Ω io 20 Ω

+
80 V + 4vo + 2io 80 Ω vo
v1 1S v2 1S v3 – –
–
io
Figure 3.79
2A 2S 4S 2S 4A For Prob. 3.30.

Figure 3.76
For Prob. 3.27.

* 3.28 Use MATLAB to find the voltages at nodes a, b, c, 3.31 Find the node voltages for the circuit in Fig. 3.80.
and d in the circuit of Fig. 3.77.

c
1Ω
+ vo –
10 Ω 5Ω 4Ω
4Io 2vo
20 Ω 8Ω v1 v2 v3 2 Ω
d b –+
Io
4Ω 8Ω + 10 V
16 Ω 1A 4Ω 1Ω 4Ω –
– + 90 V
60 V + –
a
Figure 3.77 Figure 3.80
For Prob. 3.28. For Prob. 3.31.

3.29 Use MATLAB to solve for the node voltages in the

circuit of Fig. 3.78.

V4

3.32 Obtain the node voltages v1, v2, and v3 in the circuit
2A 3S
1S 1S of Fig. 3.81.

V1 1S V2 4S 5 kΩ
V3

50 V v2 75 V
5A 2S 2S 6A v1 v3
–+ +–

6A + 120 V 10 kΩ
–
Figure 3.78
For Prob. 3.29.

* An asterisk indicates a challenging problem. Figure 3.81

For Prob. 3.32.
 Problems 117

Sections 3.4 and 3.5 Mesh Analysis 8Ω

3.33 Which of the circuits in Fig. 3.82 is planar? For the 5Ω 4Ω

planar circuit, redraw the circuits with no crossing
branches.
1Ω 6Ω 3Ω

1Ω 7Ω 2Ω

3Ω
4Ω 5Ω
4A
2Ω
(b)
6Ω Figure 3.83
For Prob. 3.34.

3.35 Rework Prob. 3.5 using mesh analysis.

2A
3.36 Use mesh analysis to obtain ia, ib, and ic in the circuit
(a)
in Fig. 3.84.

20 Ω 5Ω
3Ω
ia ib ic

4Ω 10 Ω
5Ω
30 V +
–
15 Ω
12 V +
– 2Ω –
45 V +

1Ω
Figure 3.84
For Prob. 3.36.
(b)
Figure 3.82 3.37 Solve Prob. 3.8 using mesh analysis.
For Prob. 3.33.
3.38 Apply mesh analysis to the circuit in Fig. 3.85 and
obtain Io.

4Ω 3Ω

3.34 Determine which of the circuits in Fig. 3.83 is planar

and redraw it with no crossing branches.
60 V +
– 10 A 1Ω

2Ω 2Ω

2Ω Io

+ 22.5 V
1Ω 1Ω –
1Ω 5Ω

7Ω 3Ω
5A 4Ω

10 V + 6Ω
Figure 3.85
–
For Prob. 3.38.

3.39 Using Fig. 3.50 from Prob. 3.1, design a problem to

4Ω
help other students better understand mesh analysis.
(a)
118 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.40 For the bridge network in Fig. 3.86, find io using 3.44 Use mesh analysis to obtain io in the circuit of
mesh analysis. Fig. 3.90.
io 2 kΩ

6 kΩ 6 kΩ
2 kΩ 4A 100 Ω
io
56 V +
–
50 Ω
400 V +
–
4 kΩ 4 kΩ 50 Ω 100 Ω

+–
Figure 3.86
For Prob. 3.40. 50 V

3.41 Apply mesh analysis to find i in Fig. 3.87.

Figure 3.90
For Prob. 3.44.
10 Ω

i1
2Ω 6V
+–
3.45 Find current i in the circuit of Fig. 3.91.
i
1Ω
4Ω i2 i3 5Ω 4Ω 8Ω
+ 8V
–
4A
Figure 3.87 2Ω 6Ω
For Prob. 3.41.
i
3.42 Using Fig. 3.88, design a problem to help students
30 V +– 3Ω 1Ω
better understand mesh analysis using matrices.
20 Ω 30 Ω 10 Ω
Figure 3.91
For Prob. 3.45.
+ i1 30 Ω 40 Ω i3 –
V1 – i2 + V3

+–
V2 3.46 Calculate the mesh currents i1 and i2 in Fig. 3.92.
Figure 3.88
For Prob. 3.42.
10 Ω 10 Ω
3.43 Use mesh analysis to find vab and io in the circuit of
Fig. 3.89. + vo –

40 V + i1 10 Ω i2 + 2vo
20 Ω – –

io
30 Ω
80 V +
– Figure 3.92
20 Ω + For Prob. 3.46.
30 Ω vab
–
80 V +
– 30 Ω
20 Ω
3.47 Rework Prob. 3.19 using mesh analysis.
Figure 3.89
For Prob. 3.43.
 Problems 119

3.48 Determine the current through the 10-kΩ resistor in 3.51 Apply mesh analysis to find vo in the circuit of
the circuit of Fig. 3.93 using mesh analysis. Fig. 3.96.

vo

3 kΩ
400 V +
– 10 Ω
10 Ω 10 Ω
4 kΩ 2 kΩ 5 kΩ +–
100 V
1 kΩ 10 Ω
–
6V +
– + 3V
10 kΩ 10 A
+ 4V
–

Figure 3.93 Figure 3.96

For Prob. 3.48. For Prob. 3.51.

3.52 Use mesh analysis to find i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit
of Fig. 3.97.

3.49 Find vo and io in the circuit of Fig. 3.94.

+ i2
vo 2Ω 8Ω
–
3Ω 3A
12 V +
– i1
1Ω vo 2Ω

io 4Ω i3 + 2vo
–
2Ω 2io + 54 V
–

Figure 3.97
For Prob. 3.52.
Figure 3.94
For Prob. 3.49.
3.53 Find the mesh currents in the circuit of Fig. 3.98
using MATLAB.

2 kΩ

3.50 Use mesh analysis to find the current io in the circuit

of Fig. 3.95.
I5
6 kΩ 8 kΩ

io
I3 8 kΩ I4 3 mA
1 kΩ 4 kΩ
4Ω 2Ω
10 Ω
8Ω
12 V +
– I1 3 kΩ I2
52 V +
– 3io

Figure 3.95 Figure 3.98

For Prob. 3.50. For Prob. 3.53.
120 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.54 Find the mesh currents i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit in 3.58 Find i1, i2, and i3 in the circuit of Fig. 3.103.
Fig. 3.99.
30 Ω

1 kΩ 1 kΩ 1 kΩ i2
10 Ω
1 kΩ
10 Ω
+ i1 i2 1Ω i3 –
12 V – + 12 V
+ i1 i3
10 V – + 120 V
30 Ω – 30 Ω
Figure 3.99
For Prob. 3.54.
Figure 3.103
* 3.55 In the circuit of Fig. 3.100, solve for I1, I2, and I3. For Prob. 3.58.

10 V 3.59 Rework Prob. 3.30 using mesh analysis.

+–
6Ω
I1 1A
I3 3.60 Calculate the power dissipated in each resistor in the
4A 2Ω
circuit of Fig. 3.104.
12 Ω I2 4Ω
0.5io
+–
8V 4Ω 8Ω
Figure 3.100
For Prob. 3.55. io

1Ω + 280 V 2Ω
–
3.56 Determine v1 and v2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.101.
20 Ω
Figure 3.104
For Prob. 3.60.
10 Ω +
v1 10 Ω
+ 100 V – 3.61 Calculate the current gain io∕is in the circuit of
– Fig. 3.105.
10 Ω 10 Ω
50 Ω 60 Ω
+
v2 20 Ω io
– +
vo –
is 75 Ω + 9vo 90 Ω
–
Figure 3.101
For Prob. 3.56.
Figure 3.105
3.57 In the circuit of Fig. 3.102, find the values of R, V1, For Prob. 3.61.
and V2 given that io = 15 mA.

10 kΩ Io 3.62 Find the mesh currents i1, i2, and i3 in the network of
Fig. 3.106.
+
6 kΩ V1
– 4 kΩ 8 kΩ 2 kΩ
60 mA 10 kΩ +
6 kΩ R V2 + + 40 V
100 V – i1 4 mA i2 2i1 i3 –
–

Figure 3.102 Figure 3.106

For Prob. 3.57. For Prob. 3.62.
 Problems 121

3.63 Find vx and ix in the circuit shown in Fig. 3.107. 3.66 Write a set of mesh equations for the circuit in
Fig. 3.110. Use MATLAB to determine the mesh
io
currents.

10 Ω 10 Ω
+
0.8io vx 2Ω
– 5A 8Ω 4Ω 8Ω
5Ω 10 Ω i1 i2
3A + + +
0.25 vx 12 V – 6Ω – 24 V – 40 V

Figure 3.107 2Ω 2Ω 6Ω
8Ω 8Ω
For Prob. 3.63. 4Ω i4 4Ω
i3 i5
+ +
30 V –
– 32 V

Figure 3.110
For Prob. 3.66.

Section 3.6 Nodal and Mesh Analyses

3.64 Find vo and io in the circuit of Fig. 3.108. by Inspection
3.67 Obtain the node-voltage equations for the circuit in
50 Ω 10 Ω
Fig. 3.111 by inspection. Then solve for Vo.
io + vo –
+ 5A
10 Ω – 4io

250 V +
– 40 Ω
4Ω 2Ω

0.2vo 5A + Vo –

3Vo 10 Ω 5Ω 10 A
Figure 3.108
For Prob. 3.64.

Figure 3.111
For Prob. 3.67.

3.68 Using Fig. 3.112, design a problem, to solve for Vo,

to help other students better understand nodal
3.65 Use MATLAB to solve for the mesh currents in the analysis. Try your best to come up with values to
circuit of Fig. 3.109. make the calculations easier.

6V I2
10 V
3Ω 4Ω
–+ –+

i4 2Ω i5 R2 R3
1Ω 1Ω 1Ω 1Ω

+
5Ω 6Ω + V
i1 6Ω i2 8Ω i3 I1 R1 Vo R4
– 1
+ – –
12 V – + 9V

Figure 3.109 Figure 3.112

For Prob. 3.65. For Prob. 3.68.
122 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis

3.69 For the circuit shown in Fig. 3.113, write the node- 3.72 By inspection, write the mesh-current equations for
voltage equations by inspection. the circuit in Fig. 3.116.
20 Ω

20 kΩ
i2
40 V 15 V
50 mA 30 Ω
+– +–

20 Ω i1 10 Ω i3 20 Ω i4 + 20 V
v1 10 kΩ v2 5 kΩ –
v3

100 mA 5 kΩ 10 kΩ 40 mA Figure 3.116

For Prob. 3.72.

3.73 Write the mesh-current equations for the circuit in

Fig. 3.117.
Figure 3.113
For Prob. 3.69. 10 Ω 10 Ω
+–
10 V

3.70 Write the node-voltage equations by inspection and 15 V +

–
i1 10 Ω i2
10 Ω
then determine values of V1 and V2 in the circuit of 10 Ω 10 Ω
10 V
Fig. 3.114. +–

10 Ω i4
i3 10 Ω 10 Ω
4ix
V1 V2 15 V +
–
ix 10 Ω
+–

20 A 1S 2S 5S 7A 10 V
Figure 3.117
For Prob. 3.73.

3.74 By inspection, obtain the mesh-current equations for

Figure 3.114 the circuit in Fig. 3.118.
For Prob. 3.70.
R1 R2 R3

3.71 Write the mesh-current equations for the circuit in i2 R5

V1 + i1 R4
Fig. 3.115. Next, determine the values of i1, i2, –
and i3. V2 +
R6 – i4 + V
– 4

i3
R8

+–
5Ω i3 3Ω
R7
V3
1Ω
Figure 3.118
30 V +
–
i1
For Prob. 3.74.
2Ω
4Ω i2 Section 3.8 Circuit Analysis with PSpice or
+ 15 V MultiSim
–

3.75 Use PSpice or MultiSim to solve Prob. 3.58.

Figure 3.115
For Prob. 3.71. 3.76 Use PSpice or MultiSim to solve Prob. 3.27.
 Problems 123

3.77 Solve for V1 and V2 in the circuit of Fig. 3.119 using 3.83 The following program is the Schematics Netlist of a
PSpice or MultiSim. particular circuit. Draw the circuit and determine the
voltage at node 2.

2ix

V1 5Ω V2

Section 3.9 Applications

5A 2Ω 1Ω 2A
ix 3.84 Calculate vo and Io in the circuit of Fig. 3.121.

Io
Figure 3.119 4 kΩ
For Prob. 3.77.
+
vo +
15 mV +
– 100 – 50Io 20 kΩ vo
3.78 Solve Prob. 3.20 using PSpice or MultiSim. –
3.79 Rework Prob. 3.28 using PSpice or MultiSim.
Figure 3.121
3.80 Find the nodal voltages v1 through v4 in the circuit of For Prob. 3.84.
Fig. 3.120 using PSpice or MultiSim.

6Io 3.85 An audio amplifier with a resistance of 9 Ω supplies

+–
power to a speaker. What should be the resistance of
the speaker for maximum power to be delivered?
3.86 For the simplified transistor circuit of Fig. 3.122,
10 Ω v2 12 Ω
v1 v3 calculate the voltage vo.

8A 4Ω
2Ω 1 kΩ
v4 + 20 V
–
Io I
400I
1Ω +
47 mV +
– 5 kΩ vo
–
2 kΩ

Figure 3.120
For Prob. 3.80. Figure 3.122
For Prob. 3.86.
3.81 Use PSpice or MultiSim to solve the problem in
Example 3.4.
3.82 If the Schematics Netlist for a network is as follows, 3.87 For the circuit in Fig. 3.123, find the gain vo∕vs.
draw the network.

3.5 kΩ 500 Ω

+ +
vs + v1 – vo
– 500 Ω + 80 v1 500 Ω
– –

Figure 3.123
For Prob. 3.87.