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Full Download PDF of Test Bank For Microbiology 2nd by Wessner All Chapter
Full Download PDF of Test Bank For Microbiology 2nd by Wessner All Chapter
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3) Many antibiotics that are used today are semi-synthetic. Modification of the original antibiotic
is done to improve one or more of the following characteristics except ….
a) increased stability.
b) improved resistance to modifying enzymes.
c) decreased toxicity.
d) decreased absorption.
e) increased spectrum of activity.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
6) The mode of action of aminoglycosides is to inhibit __________ synthesis.
a) protein
b) RNA
c) DNA
d) membrane
e) peptidoglycan
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
7) β-lactam antibiotics bind to proteins located within the cell wall known as penicillin-binding
proteins (PBPs). The enzymatic action of PBPs is to function as a(a)…
a) ATP kinase.
b) dehydrogenase.
c) transpeptidase.
d) hydrolase.
e) isomerase.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
9) Which one of the following classes of antibacterial drugs listed below does not target protein
synthesis?
a) aminoglycosides
b) macrolides
c) tetracylcines
d) rifamycins
e) chloramphenicols
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
a) protein synthesis.
b) DNA synthesis
c) cell wall synthesis.
d) amino acid transport.
e) transcription.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
a) peptidoglycan synthesis.
b) folic acid biosynthesis.
c) transcription.
d) tryptophan biosynthesis.
e) protein synthesis.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
12) Azoles are a class of antifungal drugs that target ___________ biosynthesis, causing cell
membrane disruption.
a) sterol
b) glycerol
c) fatty acid
d) transport protein
e) folic acid
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
a) viral
b) fungal
c)anaerobic bacterial
d) aerobic bacterial
e) ear
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
15) Azidothymidine (AZT) is an antiviral drug used to treat HIV infections. AZT is somewhat
selective for use in HIV treatment because it has an affinity for the viral enzyme
a) RNA polymerase.
b) DNA polymerase.
c) topoisomerase.
d) reverse transcriptase.
e) neuraminidase.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
16) Which one of the following classes of antibacterial drugs listed below does not target nucleic
acid synthesis?
a) sulfonamides
b) quinolones
c) tetracylcines
d) rifamycins
e) trimethoprim
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
17) Which one of the following classes of antibacterial drugs listed below does not target
peptidoglycan synthesis?
a) penicillin
b) quinolones
c) ampicillin
d) vancomycin
e) cephalosporin
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
18) Which one of the following classes of antibacterial drugs listed below does not target
peptidoglycan synthesis?
a) monobactams
b) kanamycin
c) bacitracin
d) vancomycin
e) carbapenems
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
19) Which one of the following classes of antibacterial drugs listed below does not target DNA
synthesis?
a) nalidixic acid
b) quinolones
c) oxolinic acid
d) rifamycins
e) ciproflaxin
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
20) Which one of the following classes of antibacterial drugs listed below does not target the 50S
ribosomal subunit activities?
a) sulfonamides
b) chloramphenicol
c) erythromycin
d) carbomycin
e) spectinomycin
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
21) Which one of the following classes of antibacterial drugs listed below does not target the 30S
ribosomal subunit activities?
a) tetracycline
b) doxycycline
c) oxytetracycline
d) carbomycin
e) all target the 30S ribosomal subunit
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
22) Which one of the following is not a mechanism of antimicrobial drug resistance?
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
23) An R-plasmid was found in a strain of Salmonella typhi that conferred resistance to a β-
lactam antibiotic. Most likely, this plasmid contained a gene that encoded for a/an …
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
24) Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has acquired the mecA gene from an
unknown source. This gene encodes for a methicillin resistant …
a) efflux protein.
b) penicillin-binding protein.
c) β-lactamase.
d) acetyltransferase.
e) porin.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
a) phophoryltransferase
b) hydrolase
c) dehydrogenase
d) isomerase
e) acetyltransferase
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
26) The two most common ways drug resistant bacteria may develop in a person taking an
antimicrobial drug are :
a) the bacteria acquire an R-plasmid during this period of time and some of the bacteria
developed a resistance mutation.
b) the bacteria acquire an R-plasmid during this period of time and the person may be
immunocompromised.
c) some of the bacteria develop a resistance mutation and the person may be
immunocompromised.
d) the person may be immunocompromised and the person did not properly take the
antimicrobial drug.
e) the person did not properly take the antimicrobial drug and some of the bacteria developed a
resistance mutation.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
28) Antimicrobial drug resistance due to the acquisition of new genes occurs in bacteria by the
following mechanism(s)
a) conjugation.
b) conjugation and transposition.
c) conjugation and transduction.
d) transduction and transposition.
e) conjugation, transposition, and transduction.
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
29) All of the following are approaches used to help reduce the incidence of antimicrobial drug
resistance except …
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
30) The three main factors associated with the development of an epidemic are:
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.4 Explain how infectious microbes may spread through a population
and the methods used to control this spread.
31) Control strategies that may be used to control yellow fever are:
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.4 Explain how infectious microbes may spread through a population
and the methods used to control this spread.
32) The best way to prevent a cholera epidemic is:
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.4 Explain how infectious microbes may spread through a population
and the methods used to control this spread.
33) The attack rate in a population of 200,000 individuals is estimated to be 10%. What is the
incidence?
a) 20
b) 100
c) 20,000
d) 5,000
e) 200,000
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.4 Explain how infectious microbes may spread through a population
and the methods used to control this spread.
a) attenuated vaccine.
b) subunit vaccine.
c) polysaccharide vaccine.
d) killed vaccine.
e) DNA vaccine.
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
35) The first pertussis vaccine produced used killed whole cells of Bordetella pertussis. A major
problem with this vaccine was it …
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
36) The reason for the severe side effects seen with the first pertussis vaccine was:
Answer: e
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
37) Subunit vaccines are generally considered safer than attenuated vaccines because …
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
38) Attenuated vaccines are generally more effective than subunit vaccines because:
a) subunit vaccines do not require booster shots.
b) attenuated vaccines may permit viral growth with enhanced disease mimicry
c) attenuated vaccines only elicit a humoral immune response.
d) attenuated vaccines elicit a weak immune response.
e) subunit vaccines elicit both a humoral and cell-mediated immune response.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
a) toxins
b) polysaccharide antigens
c) protein antigens
d) lipid antigens
e) DNA fragments
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
?
40) If ninety percent of a population is immune to a particular disease they protect the
susceptible ten percent by a concept known as:
a) acquired immunity.
b) herd immunity.
c) natural immunity.
d) artificial immunity.
e) passive immunity.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
41) The original polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk in 1952 was a(an) …
a) subunit vaccine.
b) acellular vaccine.
c) killed virus vaccine.
d) attenuated virus vaccine.
e) conjugate vaccine.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
42) The World Health Organization has targeted this disease for eradication through vaccination
programs in small pockets of the world where the disease is still present.
a) AIDS
b) malaria
c) tuberculosis
d) yellow fever
e) polio
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
43) The Sabin polio vaccine developed to control wild-type polio spread was a(an) …
a) subunit vaccine.
b) acellular vaccine.
c) killed virus vaccine.
d) attenuated virus vaccine.
e) conjugate vaccine.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
44) A hypothetical vaccine has a 2% “failure rate”. It has been administered to all but 12
children in a school with 1000 students. The disease the vaccine is designed to prevent is
introduced by a new student and spreads rapidly via the respiratory route. How many children
do you predict will fall ill by catching the diease from the sick child?
a) 12
b) 10
c) 20
d) 32
e) 120
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
45) How was vaccination developed by Jenner superior to the variolation practised in earlier
times?
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
46) Which of these factors led to the occurrence of plagues (epidemics of disease) in human
society? (Select all that apply)
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.1 Discuss the prevalence of bacterial disease throughout history,
giving examples of early medical treatments.
47) Drug resistance arises as bacteria acquire: (Select all that apply)
Answer: a, b, c, e
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
Answer: a, b
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
49) Mechanisma commonly associated with drug resistance development include: (Select all that
apply)
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
50) An environment becomes more crowded with people and improved water lines and sewer
lines are constructed within the area. What do you predict in terms of the impact of these two
changes? (Select all that apply)
Answer: c, e
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.4 Explain how infectious microbes may spread through a population
and the methods used to control this spread.
51) Which vaccines are CDC-recommended for adults over 65 years of age? (Select all that
apply)
a) Influenza
b) Polio
c) MMR
d) Varicella
e) Pneumococcal
Answer: a, e
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
52) Which vaccines are CDC-recommended for 2 year old children? (Select all that apply)
a) Influenza
b) Polio
c) MMR
d) Varicella
e) Pneumococcal
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
53) Which vaccines are CDC-recommended for 15 month old children? (Select all that apply)
a) Influenza
b) Polio
c) MMR
d) Varicella
e) Pneumococcal
Answer: a, c, d, e
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
54) Which of these vaccines are subunit type? (Select all that apply)
a) Influenza
b) Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
c) MMR
d) Varicella
e) Pneumococcal
Answer: b, e
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
55) Which vaccines are attenuated type? (Select all that apply)
a) Influenza
b) Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
c) MMR
d) Varicella
e) Pneumococcal
Answer: c, d
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
56) Which vaccines are recommended yearly? (Select all that apply)
a) Influenza
b) Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis
c) MMR
d) Varicella
e) Pneumococcal
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
57) Bloodletting, or the intentional draining of blood from an ill individual, was a method
commonly used in the middle ages to cure disease.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.1 Discuss the prevalence of bacterial disease throughout history,
giving examples of early medical treatments.
58) The use of antimicrobial drugs is directly linked to the development of antibiotic resistance.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
59) For an antimicrobial drug to work properly, a person’s acquired immune response must be
functioning properly.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
61) The use of antibiotics in farm animals is believed to be a major contributor to the increased
number of antibiotic resistant microbes observed in human infections.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
Section Reference: Section 24.3 How do microbes become drug-resistant?
62) Modern vaccines elicit effective immune responses in everyone that is vaccinated.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
Section Reference: Section 24.5 What are vaccines and how are they used to control infectious
disease?
Question Type: Text Entry
Answer: broad-spectrum
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.2 Discuss the various modes of action of antimicrobial drugs, giving
several examples for each.
64) Proteins that remove antimicrobial drug from a cell by pumping them out are called
___________ pumps.
Answer: efflux
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
65) Some Gram-negative bacteria are able to block the transport of β-lactam antibiotics across
the outer membrane through the mutational alteration of _____________ which previously
allowed the transport of the antibiotic across the outer membrane.
Answer: porins
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
66) Gram-negative bacteria are naturally resistant to certain antibacterial drugs because the drug
is unable to cross the __________ ______________ of the microbe.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.3 Explain how microbes may become resistant to specific
antimicrobial drugs by natural and artificial means. Give examples of each process.
Section Reference: Section 24.3 How do microbes become drug-resistant?
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 24.5 Explain how vaccination is achieved and how it can be used to
prevent the spread of a disease within a population.
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