ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Haloalkanes &
Haloarenes
One Shot
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Haloalkanes &
Haloarenes
One Shot
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Classification of Halogen Compounds

Number of halogen atoms in

the molecule

sp3 hybridized carbon-halogen bond

sp2 hybridized carbon-halogen bond

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Classification of Halogen Compounds

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Classification of Halogen Compounds

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Classification of Halogen Compounds

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Classification of Halogen Compounds

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

GEMINAL AND VICINAL DIHALIDES

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Nomenclature of Halogen Compounds

CH3CH2CH2Br H3CㅡCHㅡCH3

Common Name: n-Propyl bromide Isopropyl Isobutyl chloride

chloride

IUPAC Name: 1-Bromopropane 2-chloropropane 1-chloro-2-methyl

propane
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Nomenclature of Halogen Compounds

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

What is the difference between geminal- dihalide

and vic-dihalide?
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

What should be the correct IUPAC name for

chloroform?
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Nature of C-X Bond

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloalkanes
● From Alcohols:
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloalkanes
● From Alkenes:
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloalkanes
● From Alkenes:
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloalkanes
● Addition of halogens:
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloalkanes
● Halogen Exchange
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloarenes
● Halogen Exchange From hydrocarbons by electrophilic substitution
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloarenes
● From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Preparation of Haloarenes
● From amines by Sandmeyer’s reaction
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Physical Properties
❏ Color:
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Physical Properties
❏ Boiling Point:
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Physical Properties
❏ Solubility:
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points.

(i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane.
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Out of o-and p-dibromobenzene which one has higher melting

point and why?
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Optical Activity
● The property of a substance to rotate the plane of
polarization of a beam of light that is passed through it is
called optical activity & such substances are called
optically active substances.
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Plane of Symmetry
● A plane of symmetry is an imaginary plane that
bisects a molecule into halves that are mirror images
of each other.
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Chirality
● An object that cannot be superimposed on its
mirror image is called chiral.
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Enantiomers
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Diastereomers
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Racemic Mixture

● An equal amount of two enantiomers is called

Racemic Mixture.

● The process of conversion of enantiomer into

a racemic mixture is known as racemisation.
 ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Retention, Inversion and Racemisation

ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Chemical Reactions
Nucleophilic substitution reactions

The reaction in which a nucleophile replaces already existing

nucleophile in a molecule is called nucleophilic substitution
reaction.
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction

SN2 Reaction
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction

SN2 Reaction
● Rate of reaction ∝ [Substrate][Attacking Nucleophile]

● Follows second order kinetics

● Rate of reaction depends upon substrate as well as
Attacking Nucleophile.
ONE SHOT-CLASS 12- HALOALKANES & HALOARENES

Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction

SN2 Reaction
● Rate of reaction ∝ [Substrate][Attacking Nucleophile]

● Follows second order kinetics

● Rate of reaction depends upon substrate as well as
Attacking Nucleophile.