Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Between Worlds Between Visualities Melch
Between Worlds Between Visualities Melch
Facts
Fiction
Interpretation
Foreword 7
Introduction 11
15
mikael bøgh rasmussen
Veracity and impact. Melchior Lorck’s life’s work
43
hanne kolind poulsen
Iconic elegance. Lorck’s works in a Lutheran light
63
ernst jonas bencard
Structure and style in Melchior Lorck’s Turkish Publication
77
robyn dora radway
Melchior Lorck’s Turkish Publication in relation to sixteenth-century albums
87
jan loop
Lorck’s illustration of the Kaaba. An Abrahamic family house?
96
çiğdem kafescioğlu
Between worlds, between visualities. Melchior Lorck’s Prospect of Constantinople
117
emine fetvacı
Ottoman representations of Western Europeans at the time of Süleyman the Magnificent
Bibliography 133
Author biographies 141
Catalogue 143
1,12<1? 59+89? $%%! !%%!%!%!"%5 <+1)? ?8#52--?&1? 1$?!52<1?+1,?< 8*? ?=? ?#0?+!-+29*'4;&?1 9+21 .&?%&?5 1#(? !+1&9?%&8?&89 03&8?&8??
12 /8JK8IETH3IKTF9TK=8TB35@T*83T3E6TK=8T5>KRTF:TJK3E4LCT78K3>BT>D3<8T=3JT488ETI8M8IJ87T%3I>K>D8TKC3JT'KKFD3ET;GBT3
J>PK88EK=T58EKLIRT T T5DT,=8T/3BK8IJTIKT%LJ8LDT3BK>DFI8T/T T
"< -(+/'#< 5/(< 6#7< +< 2"< 1#82(2"< +<2"</&9<'+/(</ /(<#'!/9<#(2 /2<
(25/9< 71< < (+/2"/(< 5/+-(< /2#+(< +/# #: #(2+< (6&< '-1< (< 2&11< +(12#252< < /&2<
)2#( <#(<1<&6&<6#71<+<-+/2<#2#1< 2<'+#< 2/%< '-'%/1< +4(< +-2#( < #2"/< ,/< (</#&<
<20(1/'2#+*<+<15"<6#71<#(2+<&&(+'-11; +/< < -/+&< 6#7< +/%1< 11< (< 7#&&#( :
$( <5/(</-/1(22#+(1<1(<+'<<#12(<2<< (11< 2+< ( < 7#2"< 2"1< 6/#< '+1< +<5/(<
'+/2< "# "2< (+/-+/2#( < #12(2< '15/#( < /-/1(22#+(< '512< < 5(/12++< #(< 2"< +(283<
2"(#.51< 2"1<6#71< 7/< -/2< +<2"< 8-&+1#+(< +<"#1< +((2#+(1< 2+< &'#1"< (27+/%1< +</2#12#<
+<#29<#' /9<2"2<-/&&&<2"< 5/(<8-(1#+(< -/+52#+(<(< -/#(2< &+( 1#<"#1< -/1(< #<2<
!E!KD.T $;!EEOET E>7>KD<T G/1ET MET ><$T >'T G/$T KD1<.T /1ET E>8>KD<T GT G/$T"1GOT >D"9TM1G<$EE$#T
:D.$EGTKD!=T$<":L%ET>'TG/$TM>D:#T G/$TM::$#T"1GOT G/$T$NB<E1><T >'TG/$T"/1<T >'T;><K;$<GET E1GKG$#T
A>EE1!:OT />KE1<.T E>;$T T B$>B:$T ET "B1G:T ><T >DT <$DT G/$T <>DG/$D<T D1#.$T >'T G/$T B$<1<EK:T
"2GOT>'TG/$TGG>;<T;B1D$T>L$DTG/$TBD$"$#1<.T"$<Q G>MD#ET G/$T M$EGT BEGT G/$T ;>ECK$T ">;B:$NT >'T
GKDOT1GT 0#T!$&<T/>;$TG>T T E$GT>'T ;!3G1>KETD"/1R $/;$#TTM/1"/TEG>>#T><TG/$TE1G$T>'TG/$T/KD"/T>'T
G$"GKD:TBD>8$"GET1<":K#1<.T1;B$D1:TB:"$ETBK!:1"T G/$T>:OTB>EG:$ET/$T;>ECK$T">;B:$NT)@K<#$#T!OT
!K1:#1<.T ">;B:$N$ET M1G/T ;>ECK$ET GT G/$1DT "$<GD$T 1/D1;/T K:G<T #K./G$DT>'T 65:$O;<T #L<"$#T
;><K;$=G:TBK!:1"T!G//>KE$ET<#T1<-EGDK"GKD$ET G/$T:1<$T>'T#>;$#TE<"GKD1$ETG>TG/$TB>1<GTM/$D$TG/$T
>'T BD>L1E1><1<.T <#T MG$DT #1EGD1!KG1><T L$DT G/$T "1GOET"$D$;><1:TDG$DOTD$"/$#TG/$T#1D<$T.G$T><T
BD$"$#1<.TGM>T#$"#$ET 1<<T/#T:$#TG/$T1;B$D1:T G/$TOP<G1<$T:<#TM::ET/$T!K1:#1<.T1GET,KDT;1<T
">DBET >'T D"/1G$"GET G/GT #$E1.<$#T <#T >L$DEMT G/$T B1$DET<#TM::ET">;B:$G$#T!KGTM1G/>KGT1GET#>;$T 1ET
D"/1G$"GKD:TM>D9ET>'TG/$T$:1G$T>EGT<>G!:$T;><.T L1E1!:$T ETT:G$DT##1G1><TGTG/$T*DT$<#T >'TG/$T"1GOT
G/$E$T MET G/$T "><EGDK"G1><T >'T G/$T 65:$O;<1O$T T GT 1ET <>G$M>DG/OT G/GT ><$T >'T >D"9ET GG?;<T
;>ECK$T">;B:$NTM/>E$T1<K.KDG1><TG/$T!E!KD.T ;>ECK$TBD1<GET #1EB:OETG/$T#1EG1<"G1L$TD"/1G$"GKD$T
$;!FEOT /#T M1G<$EE$#T <#T M/1"/T 1ET BD>;1<$<G:OT >'TG/$T1/D1;/T1GET#>;$TD1E1<.T!>L$T)@KDT;EE1L$T
'$GKD$#TGTG/$T"$<GD$T>'T>D"9ETBD>EB$"GT T/1ET B4$DET <#T)@KDT;EE1L$TGO;B<K;TD"/$ET T/$T
MET G>T #G$T G/$T ;>EGT $NB<E1L$T BK!:1"T ">;B>K<#T !K1:#1<.T;G$D1:ETB1:$#T<$DT1GTEK..$EGETG/$T#D )JER
!K1:GT!OTTDK:$DT>(TG/$T"1GOTEB1D1<.TG>TT;><K;$<S ;<ETB$DE><:T>!E$DLG1><TGTG/$TE1G$T >D"9TG/$<T
H:1GOTG>TD1L:TI/GT>'TG/$T"1GOET;1::$<<1:T;><K;$<GT METG/$T+DEGTDG1EGTG>T"BGKD$TG/1ETE$CK$<"$T>'T;><R
G/$T.1T>B/1 K;$<G:T#>;$#TE<"GKD1$ET1<TG/$T;91<.TG/D>K./T
"YAD0bG(ISgD(U0PgP[E0g`>U=g[SU>I>(ISg(<>(g"JM=>(g S0ESg>IgU=0gS[PPJ[I.>I<gS0(g(g5]PU=0PgS><IgJ2gG[DU>f
(UgU=0g0(SU0PIg(I.gU=0g>I-JGMD0U0g >=P>G(=g(UgU=0g MD0gMP0S0I-0Sg>Ig (I.g-D(>GSgJIg U=0g->Ub g [DU>ME0g
`0SU0PIg0I. >.0IU>U>0Sg >I:PG0.g %(^(SSJP0Sg >.0IU>9-(U>JISg
#=>Sg S0O[0IU>(Dg (PP(I<0G0IUg >Sg IJU0`JPU=b g bc(IU>I0g U(E>(I>S0.gI(G0SgJ2g=P>SU>(IgS>U0Sg`0P0g
JP-Cg SJ[<=Ug UJg P0-P0(U0g U=0g ->Ubg (Sg (Ig (ED0I-JGd >IS0PU0.g>IUJgU=0g^>0`g(DJI<S>.0g(gEJ`0PgI[G,0PgJ2g
M(SS>I<g UJU(E>Ubg ^>0`0.g 4RJGg (g 9a0.g MJS>U>JIg (I.g >IS-P>MU>JISgG(PC>I<g!UWJG(Ig(..>U>JIS gIgGbg^>0`g
(Ug U=0g S(G0g U>G0g =0g .0G(I.0.g 4RJGg U=0g ^>0`0Pg (g >Ug>SgIJUg-J>I->.0IU(EgU=(UgJP-Cg(.JMU0.g%(^(SSJP0Sg
IJ^0Dg GJ.0g J2g 0I<(<0G0IUg `>U=g U=0g [P,(Ig >G(<0 g U>UD0g(I.gSJ[<=UgUJgEJ-(U0g0^0Ig>Ig(Ig>G(<>I(PbgG(If
#=0gS=00PgE0I<U=gJ2gU=0gMPJSM0-UgJ,E><0SgU=0g^>0`0Pg I0PgGJSUgJ2gU=0g7PG0PSg>.0IU>9-(U>JISg>IgU=0gMPJSf
UJg,0gGJ,>D0gUJg4LFEJ`gU=0g(PU>SUSgPJ[U0gJIgU=0g=>EESg M0-Ug(Sg=0g(DSJgMD(-0.gU=0g0a(-UgS(G0g4E(<Sg`>U=gU=0g
6->I<g U=0g ->Ubg (-PJSSg ;JGg U=0g JD.0Ig JPIg (I.g (..>U>JIgJ2gU=0g(,S,[P<gJI0gUJgU=0gS0(SgS[PPJ[I.f
=0I-0g UJg M0P-0>^0g U=0g [P,(Ig SM0-U(-E0g (Sg (g GJ^>I<g >I<g U=0g ->Ub g #=0g ^0Pbg 3?PSUg >IS-P>MU>JIg G0IU>JI0.g
S[,B0-Ug(I.gU=PJ[<=g(gGJ,>D0g<(c0 g !Ig4LJUg >Ig U=0g (,J^0g>ISU><(U0SgS[-=g(gP0(.>I<g`>U=g>USgP020P0I-0Sg
SM(-0g`=0P0g>Ug`J[E.g,0g.>SMD(b0.g(Sg>Ug`(SgS0^0P(Eg UJg (g G[DU>I(U>JI(Dg (I.g G[DU>0U=I>-g (SS0G,Dbg (Ug
.0-(.0SgD(U0Pg=[I<g(Ug0b0gD0^0Eg>Ig0>.0Ig$I>^0PS>Ubg "YAE0bG(ISg-J[PUg0-=J>I<gU=0g.>MDJG(U>-gG[DU>ME>-f
>,P(PbSg P0(.>I<g PJJG U=0g ^>0`0Pg`J[D.g G>G>-g >Ubg(UgS0( gSg2+Pg(SgU=0g(I->0IUg(I.gGJ.0PIgS0E^0Sg
0D-=>JPgJP-CSg`0SU,J[I.g`(DCgJ2gGJP0gU=(Ig:[Pg J2gU=0g->Ubg`0P0g-JI-0PI0.g JP-Cg(SS\G0.g(gS>G>D(Pg
C>DJG0UP0Sg 4RJGg =>Sg >I>U>(Dg ^>0`>I<g SMJUSg JIg U=0g (UU>U[.0gUJg=>SgGJ.0Eg.P([<=USG(I g
(D(U(g P(GM(PUSg(I.gUJ`0PgUJgU=0g =>DDSg U=(Ug =J[S0.g #=>Sg S(>.g %(^(SSJP0Sg >IS-P>MU>JISg G(C0g [Mg ,[Ug
U=0g 0`>S=g -0G0U0P>0Sg [M=>DDg 4RJGg (SCKbg &' g JI0g D(b0Pg >Ig U=0g -JGMD>-(U0.g ,J.bg J2g 0M><P(M=>-g
JGM0DD0.gUJg0GMDJbg(gGJ,>D0g<(c0gUJgM0P-0>^0gU=0g G(U0P>(DgS[MMJPU0.g,bgU=0gMPJSM0-USggMD[SgG0UP0S
->Ubg >Ig (g->I0G(U>-g G(II0Pg>Ig (gNP0->I0G(U>-g(<0g #=0S0g H(bg ,0g (GJI<g U=0g 9PSUg D(b0Pg J2g `P>U>I<Sg
U=0g ^>0`0Pg`(Sg S>G[DU(I0J[SDbg J80P0.g (g G[DU>D(be (MM0I.0.gUJgU=0g^>0`g (DDg>Ig U=0gS(G0g6.0.g,PJ`Ig
0P0.g I(PQ(U>^0g U=(Ug ,0<(Ig `>U=g U=0g ^0P,(Dg (--J[IUg >IC g IS-P>,0.g `>U=g U=>Sg >ICg (P0g I[G0PJ[Sg JU=0Pg
J2g U=0g S[DU(Ig (I.g =>Sg -J[PUDbg 0IUJ[P(<0g >Ig U=0g >.0IU>9-(U>JISg>Ig0PG(Ig(SgJMMJS0.gUJg%(^(SSJP0Sg
G[-=.(G(<0.g >IS-P>MU>JIg (Ug U=0g 6PgD04Xg -J[MD0.g U(E>(Ig S[<<0SU>I<g U=(Ug JP-Cg [S0.g U=0g %(^(SSJP0g
,bg(g^>S[(DgMJPUP(b(DgJ2g(gPJb(DgMPJ-0SS>JIg(UgS1(g J2g ^>0`g(Sg(gP0D>(,E0g<[>.0g`=>D0g=0gSJ[<=UgUJg,P>I<g>USg
!UUJG(Ig (,S,[P<g%0I0U>(Ig(I.g 0IJ0S0g ,(P<0Sg - g-JIU0IUSg[MgUJg.(U0 (IbgJ2gU=0gE0I<U=>0P
(Ug U=0g GJ[U=g J2g U=0g JSM=JP[S JGG0IU(P>0Sg 0aME(I(UJPbg>IS-P>MU>JISg(P0g>Ig,D(-Cg>ICg>Ig(DEgD>C0E>f
JIgM(PU>-[D(PgS>U0Sg(I.gGJI[G0IUSg 4LEDJ`0.gU=0S0g =JJ.gU=0S0g(P0g(..>U>JISgMJSU.(U>I<gU=0g>I>U>(DgSU(<0
TUJMSg U=(Ug M[I-V[(U0.g U=0g ^>0`0PSg 0aM0P>0I-0g J2g J2g -JGMJS>I<g (I.g >IS-P>,>I<g U=0g MPJSM0-Ug (SgS[<e
`)EC>I<g (I.g _>0`>I<g (DJI<g U=0g -J[PS0g J2g (D(U(g <0SU0.g,bgJI0gS[-=g>IS-P>MU>JIgSMP0(.g(-PJSSg.>S-JIf
`(DDSg(I.gUJ`(P.Sg=>DDSg(,J^0g(SCKb U>I[J[Sg S=00US Ig U=0g MPJ-0SSg J2g P0`JPC>I<Sg (I/
%(^(SSJP0Sg ,>P.Sg 0b0g ^>0`g J2g JISU(IU>IJMD0g -JIU>I[0.g >IS-P>,>I<g JP-CSg MPJSM0-Ug ,0-(G0g (
`=>-=g JP-Cg UP(ISE(U0.g>IUJg (gM(IJP(G>-g >G(<0g >Sg G[-=gGJP0g-JGG[I>-(U>^0gJ,B0-UgU=(IgU=0g-JGM(Pe
JI0g J2g J[Pg C0bSg UJg (Ig [I.0PSU(I.>I<g J2g U=0g MPJSe (U>^0Dbg HJP0g U(->U[PIg%(^(SSJP0g^>0`g (Sg >Ug -(G0g UJ
M0-USg>I-E[S>JISg(I.g0a-D[S>JIS gg=(^0g(P<[0.g0DS0f >I-D[.0g ([UJ,>J<P(M=>-(Dg IJU0Sg =>Sg J,S0P^(U>JIgJ2
`=0P0g U=(Ug U=>Sg>G(<0g 0G,J.>0.g S0^0P(Eg I(PP(U>^0Sg (g3@P0g>IgU=0gMJUU0PSg.>SUP>-UgJ2gbYAMg(g-JGG0IU(Pb
>Ug0I-JGM(SS0.gU=0gG[DU>MD0g>.0IU>U>0SgJ2gU=0g->Ubg(Sg JIgU=0g`(U0Pg>I4R(SUP[-U[P0g(I.g S><I>9-(IUgU=J[<=
bc(IU>I0g(I.g!UUJG(Ig-(M>U(Dg(I.g`(Sg(UU0IU>^0gUJg S[GG(Pbg (DEg U=0g >IS-P>MU>JISg (IU>O[(g G(PC>I<
>USg(IU>O[>U>0SgUJg>USg=P>SU>(Ig=0P>U(<0g(SgG[-=g(Sg bc(IU>I0g -JD[GISg M0P=(MSg (g P04D0-U>JIgJ2g JP-CS
UJg U=0g !UUJG(Ig >IU0P^0IU>JISg U=(Ug `0P0g P0S=(M>I<g .0S>P0gUJg,P>I<g=>Sg(G,>U>J[SgMPJB0-Ug>IUJg-EJS0Pg-JIe
>U g #=(Ug G[DU>MD>->Ubg *I.g P0S[DU>I<g (G,><[>Ubg `0P0g U(-Ug `>U=g >USg -=(I<>I<g ([.>0I-0Sg (I.g>Ig M(PU>-[D(P
-(MU[P0.g >Ig U=0g ^0Pbg U>ZD0g J2g U=0g >G(<0g U=0g=[G(I>SUg->P-D0Sg(I.gMP>IU>I<g0SU(,D>S=G0IUSgJ2
bc(IU>[Gg JISU(IU>IJMD0g IU`0PMg`>U=g`=>-=g=0g`(Sg>Ig-JIU(-Ug>IgU=0gS
.0IJU>I<g U=0g (I->0IUg (DJI<S>.0g U=0g GJ.0PIg DJI<S>.0g G(U0P>(Dg (I.g U0aU[(Dg (SM0-USg J2g U=0g
bc(IU>I0g (DJI<S>.0gU=0g !UUJG(Ig ->Ub bc(IU>I0g >IS-P>MU>JISg U=(Ug S=0.gD><=Ug JIg U=0g U=JPIbg UJM>-g J2g
!UUJG(Ig %0I0U>(Ig (I.g 0IJ0S0g 4D(<Sg G(PC0.g^0S U=0g MPJSM0-USg G(C>I<g (SM0-USg S[-=g (Sg `(U0PG(PCg
" *
$*
*
&* !$*
('-,,-
('--
(- -
('- -
$%-$%'-
(#&&+-
M
-
"33&$B B 77('>=B B@B B44 B7A%1B%5,<+B,&9%9A B B
-<'+)9B)=B%0 B '%= B57 B B
`8[78`K[HdtK[t^-K[fK[Hdt-[7tdQ8f2I8dt^`\7h287t^`K\`t `8d8[f-fK\[t\;tdf`h2fh`8dt dh``\h[7K[HtfI8d8t 7\W87t
f\tIKdtdf-[1hRtd\P\h`[ t KQ8lKd8t-dtI-dt188[t[\f87t 1hKR7K[Hd t &h2It \`fI\H\[-Rt ^R-[[K[Ht 2I-`-2f8`Kd87t
fI8t78^K2fK\[t\;tfI8t`8dK78[fK-Rt<01`K2t^-`fK2hR-`RntK[t 1hft-t;8lt[\78dtK[tfI8t2Kfnt-ft fI8tfKW8t[-W8RntfI8t
fI8tl8df8`[t^-`fdt\;tfI8t^8[K[dhR-t18f`-ntR-f8`tl\`Qt "8IW87t t '8Io-78t "8IW87t -[7t &OR8nW-[Kn8t
18n\[7t \`2Qdt\[df-[fK[\^R8td\P\h`[ t(IKdtdI\hR7t 2\W^R8m8dt-[7tfI8t^`K[fdt18f`-ntfI8tdf`\[HtKW^`8dq
[\ftI\l8k8`t7Kdf`-2ftE\WtfI8t7\2hW8[f-`nt7KW8[q dK\[t fI8d8t -dd8W1RK8dt Yhdft I-k8t W-78t \[t \`2Q
dK\[dt \;t fI8t l\`Qt [\`t <b\Wt fI8t <02ft fI-ft K[t d\W8t (I8t 2\W^R8f8t -1d8[28t \;t dh2Itdf`K2ft ^8`d^82fKkKdWt
`8d^82fdtKftKdt-W\[Ht\h`t<:ltd\h`28dt`8H-`7K[HtR8dd8`t K[t fI8t ^`\d^82ft \[t fI8t \fI8`t I-[7t W-nt ^`\kK78t
Q[\l[t-d^82fdt\;tdKmf88[fI28[fh`nt\[df-[fK[\^R8dt hdt -t ^\K[ft \;t 8[f`nt K[f\t Kfdt 2\[28^fh-RKd-fK\[ t (I8t
`8dK78[fK-Rt-[7t2\WW8`2K-RtB1`K2 t `8W-`Q-1R8t 7\2hW8[f-`nt -ff8[fK\[t fI8t ^`\d^82ft
(I8t ^`\WK[8[28t \;t28[f`-Rt 7\W87t df`h2fh`8dt Kdt 8kK[28dtWhdft[\ft7Kdf`-2fthdtE\Wt \`2Qdt-78^fthd8t
\[8t\;tfI8tdf`KQK[Ht-d^82fdt\;t \`2Qdtl\`Qdt^8`f-K[q \;t WhRfK^8`d^82fKk-Rt `8[78`K[Ht K[t Kfdt 78f-KRd t &h2It
K[Htf\tIKdt \[df-[fK[\^R8td\P\h`[ t Kdt-ff8[fK\[tf\t 2\WW-[7t 78D[87t IKdt KW-H8t \;t fI8t -HK-t &\^IK-t
fI8t -`2IKf82fh`-Rt fn^\R\Hnt\;t28[f`-Rt 7\W87t1hKR7q [\ft2\W^R8f8RntR\n-Rtf\tfI8t1hKR7K[Hdt2\[DHh`-fK\[t
K[Hdt -W^Rnt kKdK1R8t K[t IKdt d8`K8dt \;t W\d_h8t ^`K[fdt \;t 7\W8dt I-R;t 7\W8dt -[7t dndf8Wet \;tdh^^\`ft -[7t
-[7t K[t fI8t WhRfKfh78t \;t W\d_h8dt W-hd\R8-t -[7t 1hff`8ddK[Ht-dtfI8ntl\hR7t18t\1d8`k87t@c\Wt-tdK[HR8t
^h1RK2t1-fII\hd8dtK[t fI8t ^`\d^82ft `8<V82fdt \`2Qdt -[7tDm87tkK8l^\K[ft \`2QtW-df8`GRRnt2\[k8n87tfI8t
`8d^\[d8tf\tfI8t-`2IKf82fh`-Rt2hRfh`8t\;tfI8t#ff\W-[t 1hKR7K[HdtdI88`td2-R8tW-ddt-[7t2\W^R8mt78dKH[
2-^Kf-R tftfI8td-W8tfKW8tfI8nt^\K[ftf\tfI8tK[f8`8dftK[t W\[Ht fI8t ;8lt 1hKR7K[Ht KW-H8dt lI8`8t \`2Qdt
7\W87t 28[f`-RKd87tdf`h2fh`8dt-dt-tdI-`87t-d^82ft\;t 7`-FK[Ht <]RR\ldt fI8t -`2IKf82fh`8t f\t fI8t ^\K[ft -`8t
%8[-Kdd-[28t -[7t #ff\W-[t -`2IKf82fh`-Rt 2hRfh`8d fI8t fKQt RKt $-dI-t W\d_h8t lIK2It I8t \1d8`k87t
dtfKHIfRnt-dtI8tI8R7t\[tf\tfI8t2KkKRKd-fK\[-Rt-[7t`8RKq E\Wt -t lK[7\lt \;t fI8t R5Kt -Zt fI8t -W1-dd-7\s
HK\hdt7K=>8`8[28dtfI-ftd8ftIKdtl\`R7t-^-aft<b\WtfI-ft `K-Rt `8dK78[28t[8-`t \[df-[fK[8dt 2\RhW[t -[7t fI8t
\;tfI8t)h`QdtfIKdt2\WW\[tH`\h[7tWhdftI-k8t188[t &OR8nW-[Kn8t ^`K[ft RKQ8Rnt7`-;f87t E\Wt-tf8``-28t\;t
kKdK1R8t f\t !\`2Q t 8t K[d8`f87t 1hKR7K[Ht KW-H8dt fI-ft fI8t(\^Q-^t $-R-28t lI8`8t I8t W-ntI-k8t -22\W^-s
I-`Q87t 1-2Qt f\t -`2IKf82fh`-Rt 8R8W8[fdt K[t dh2Jt 8-`r [K87t hd182_t-[7tdQ8f2I87t-Rd\tfI8t \fIdt 2\RhW[t
RK8`tl\`Qdt-dtIKdt lKfIK[t fI8t ^-R-28t H`\h[7d t (I8t fKQt RKt $-dI-t
t t\`t W\d_h8t ^`K[ft `8W-K[dt f8dfKW\[nt f\t \`2Qdt -1KRs
tK[f\tfI8t^`\d^82ft -[7t`8[78`87tfI8 Kfnt f\t <jRRnt h[78`df-[7t -[7t ^hft f\t ^-^8`t kK-t fI8t
S-f8tno-[fK[8t2Ih`2It\;tfI8t$-WW-Q-`Kdf\dtW\[-ds \`fI\H\[-Rt 2R-`Kfnt \;t -t ^8`d^82fKk8t `8[78`K[Ht fI8t
f8`ntI\W8tf\tfI8t`88Qt$-f`K-`2I-f8t-ftfI8tfKW8tK[t-t 2\[DHh`-fK\[t \;t -t df`h2fh`8t dh^^\`fK[Ht -t k-hRfK[Ht
2R.ddK2KpL[HtK7K\Wt-ft\77dtlKfItfI8t1hKR7K[Hdt2\[s dndf8Wt2\W^\d87t\;t-t28[f`-Rt7\W8td8WK7\W8t-[7t
?NHh`-fK\[t +t-tt2, t Kdt-ff8[fK\[tf\t7\W87t k-hRf87t-[7t7\W87tdK78td^-28dt-R\[HdK78t-tf`ifI<jRt
1hKR7K[Htfn^\R\HK8dt-[7tIKdtK[fhKfKk8t ^8`28^fK\[t\;t `8[78`K[Ht \;t Kfdt ^`\^\`fK\[dt -[7t B6-78t -``-[H9q
fI8K`t2\XW\[tH`\h[7tK[t-[fK_hKfntW-nt18t\1d8`k87t W8[fd t(I8tK[2\[H`hKfnt18fl88[tfIKdt^`K[ft-[7tfI8t
K[tfI8td\ 2-RR87t -tk8`Kf-1R8t-dd8W1Rnt\;t `8[78`K[Ht\;tfI8td-W8tW\d_h8tK[tfI8t^`\d^82ftlKfIt
1hKR7K[Htfn^8dtlI\d8t<0d2K[-fK[Ht7Kd2\h`d8t\;t2hRs fI8t -77KfK\[t \;t -t [\[8mKdf8[ft I-R;t 7\W8t -1\k8t
fh`-Rt-[7t`8RKHK\hdtK[2RhdK\[dt-[7t8m2RhdK\[dtlKfIK[t Kfdt8[f`-[28t d^8-Qdt-ft\[28tf\tfI8tRKWKfdt\;t!\`2Qdt
-[7t\hfdK78t/td-[2fh-`ntl-RRtI-dt188[t^-`fRnt1Rh``87t RK28[d8tf\tE88RntdQ8f2ItK[tfI8t2Kfnt-[7tf\tfI8t7Kk8`d8t
1ntK78[fKD2-fK\[dtK[tR-f8`t^`K[ft87KfK\[d `8^`8d8[f-fK\[-Rt f84I[K_h8dt I8t `8H-`787t ^8`fK[8[ft
\[dK78`K[Ht fI8t ^`\d^82ft K[t RKHIft \;t \`2Qdt f\t7K=>8`8[ftW87K-t+UU-tt
-`2IKf82fh`-Rt 7`-lK[Hdt -[7t ^`K[fdt -Rd\t `8k8-Rdt fI8t !KQ8lKd8tfI8t^`\d^82ftKdt-[tK[[\k-fKk8tdn[fI8dKdt
f8[dK\[t 18fl88[t 7KC8`8[ft W\78dt \;t ^K3f\`K-Rt `8^s \;tWhRfK^R8tkK8l^\K[fdtfI8tKW^RK87t-8`K-RtkK8l^\K[ft
`8d8[f-fK\[t 8W187787t M[tfI8d8tW87K- t(I8tW-P\`s \;*-k-dd\`8dt2KfntkK8ltE\WtfI8t8-dftKdt`8^R-287t1nt
Kfnt \;t IKdt K[7KkK7h-Rt ^`K[fdt fI-ft I-k8t -`2IKf82fh`8t -tkK8ltE\WtfI8t-R-f-tf\l8`tfI8tIKHI8dft8R8k-fK\[t
-[7t ^`KW-`KTnt "hdRKWt d-[2fh-`K8dt -dt fI8K`t dh1P82ft fI-ft^`\kK787tIKWtlKfIt-[t\hfR\\Qt\[tfI8t2KfndtB`q
18f`-nt -t `KHK7t d8[d8t \;t \[8 ^\K[ft ^8`d^82fKk8t -[7t fI8`td\hfIl8df8`[tdf`8f2I8d t(\tfIKdtl8`8t-7787tfI8t
`KH\`\hdRnt7`-Ag87t\`fI\H\[-Rt^`\P82fK\[tK[tfI8t`8^ `-[H8t \;t R\2-fK\[dt -R\[Ht fI8t -R-f-t `-W^-`fdt -[7t
0 0 * +0 0+')&0*+!'&0&0" #$/%&!/0%'*(-00 0 !&0&!.)*!,/0!))!*00 0
:"RD+ R HD+:?R =:?D?,D R :?0R+,4C 2"R 7RD+ R47R 7MR DR :"R K20,7*R :C ?J,7*R 7R C0 D+,7*R D+ R
+:2,7*R7R ,70K 22R7RCH==:?D,7*RK+DR,CR2,0 2MRR ,DMR MR :?0R K:H2R ? >H,? R 7R :4=7M,7*R
K,7*R:4=CCR,7RD+ R(2CR:"R+,CR2?* RDH?7R :$' ?RRJHQR 7D?HCD RK,D+RD+ R/:R:"RCH= ?J,CO
:?1R =2 R R :4=CCR ?:C R 7 LDR D:RD+ RDD2 O ,7*R D+ R 4CC:?R :?R 7MR 4 4 ?R :"R +,CRD 4R
5 7DRD+DR%B4 CRD+ RHD+:?R=:?D?,DR7R??, CRD+ R :HDC, R D+ R :H7CR :"R D+ ,?R ==:,7D R ? C, 7 R
,7C?,=D,:7R ?,7*R+,CR74 R R R+,CR,CRRCD?,0,7*R DR2,RA9R+ R=?:C= DRCRK 22RCRD+ R?K,7*CR
,D,:7RD:RR,DMR=:?D?,DR ,7*R5;? R;%G 7R=?ER;#RR :"R D+ R 7, 7DR 4:7H4 7DCR :H2R R L HD R
8IE,3R+@E +,CR:J!?C,N R?:C RKCR=:CC,2MR7:DR :72MRK,D+R :$',2R C7D,:7R 7RDD 77DCRK:H2R
4 ? 2MR R :?D,J R ,D,:7R 4?0,7*R ,? D,:7CR +J R :4=7, R :?0R H?,7*R CH+R :HD.7*CR
HDR 2,0 R D+ R :4=CCR KCR 2C:R 4 7DR D:R +,*+2,*+DR 4?02MR " KR :"R D+ R ? 4,7,7*R H,2,7*R 7R
D+ R4 CH?,7*R=?: CCR,7J:2J R,7RD+ R40,7*R:"RD+ R 4:7H4 7DR,6* CRCH** CDR:?0CR:C ?JD,:7R(?R
,4* 7R LD 7 R= ?,:R:"RD,4 R R7H4 ?R:"R,DMR*D CR
+ R? 4,7,7*R:4=7,:7R,7RDD:47R*?RK+:R ,72H,7*RD+ R:?DR H? R7RC J ?2R:D+ ?RC=:DCR
/H*-7*RMRD+ R CFM2 R:"R +,CR DH?7R ,CR 4 7DR D:R=:?P K:H2R+J R 7R2:D,:7CR(?R+,4RD:R? :?R
D?MRR:H?D2MR & ? R +,*+2,*+DCRR)?D+ ?R,4 7C,:7R +R+ R 7R*,J 7R= ?4,CC,:7RD:R L=2:? R7R
:"R D+ R 40,7*R :"R D+ R ,4* R CR +CR 7R :C ?J R C0 D+R%B 2MR:?0R: CR7:DRC 4RD:R+J R 7R2 R
7RCR HC >CR2 DD ?CR=?:J, R4=2 R J, 7 R%<?R D:R 7D ?R7MR:"RD+ RH,2,7*CR+ R =,D R ,D+ ? R7:R