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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

1.1: Review of Basic Operations 1
1.2: Order of Operations 3
1.3: Area and Volume 6
1.4: Formulas 10
1.5: Prime Factorization 12
Unit 1A Review 14
1.6: Introduction to Fractions 14
1.7: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions 16
1.8: Multiplication and Division of Fractions 24
1.9: The U.S. System of Weights and Measures 34
Unit 1B Review 36
1.10: Addition and Subtraction of Decimal Fractions 38
1.11: Rounding Numbers 40
1.12: Multiplication and Division of Decimal Fractions 41
1.13: Percent 43
1.14: Rate, Base, and Part 45
1.15: Powers and Roots 51
1.16: Applications Involving Percent: Business and Personal Finance 52
Unit 1C Review 57
Chapter 1 Review 57
Chapter 1 Test 61
Chapter 2: Signed Numbers and Powers of 10

2.1: Addition of Signed Numbers 64
2.2: Subtraction of Signed Numbers 64
2.3: Multiplication and Division of Signed Numbers 65
2.4: Signed Fractions 65
2.5: Powers of 10 70
2.6: Scientific Notation 72
2.7: Engineering Notation 76
Chapter 2 Review 77
Chapter 2 Test 79
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-2 80
Chapter 3: The Metric System

3.1: Introduction to the Metric System 82
3.2: Length 82
3.3: Mass and Weight 83
3.4: Volume and Area 84
3.5: Time, Current, and Other Units 85
3.6: Temperature 86
3.7: Metric and U.S. Conversion 87
Chapter 3 Review 89
Chapter 3 Test 91
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chapter 4: Measurement
4.1: Approximate Numbers and Accuracy 93
4.2: Precision and Greatest Possible Error 93
4.3A: The Vernier Caliper 94
4.3B: The Vernier Caliper 94
4.4A: The Micrometer Caliper 95
4.4B: The Micrometer Caliper 95
4.5: Addition and Subtraction of Measurements 95
4.6: Multiplication and Division of Measurements 96
4.7: Relative Error and Percent of Error 98
4.8: Color Code of Electrical Resistors 100
4.9: Reading Scales 101
Chapter 4 Review 101
Chapter 4 Test 102
Cumulative Review Chapter 1-4 103
Chapter 5: Polynomials: An Introduction to Algebra

5.1: Fundamental Operations 105
5.2: Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 109
5.3: Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials 112
5.4: Multiplication of Monomials 114
5.5: Multiplication of Polynomials 118
5.6: Division by a Monomial 124
5.7: Division by a Polynomial 127
Chapter 5 Test 134
Chapter 6: Equations and Formulas

6.1: Equations 136
6.2: Equations with Variables in Both Members 141
6.3: Equations with Parentheses 144
6.4: Equations with Fractions 152
6.5: Translating Words into Algebraic Symbols 160
6.6: Applications Involving Equations 161
6.7: Formulas 166
6.8: Substituting Data into Formulas 171
6.9: Reciprocal Formulas Using a Calculator 177
Chapter 6 Test 184
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1-6 187
Chapter 7: Ratio and Proportion

7.1: Ratio 190
7.2: Proportion 192
7.3: Direct Variation 201
7.4: Inverse Variation 205
Chapter 7 Test 211
Chapter 8: Graphing Linear Equations

8.1: Linear Equations with Two Variables 213
8.2: Graphing Linear Equations 217
8.3: The Slope of a Line 221
8.4: The Equation of a Line 223
Chapter 8 Test 235
Chapter 9: Systems of Linear Equations
9.1: Solving Pairs of Linear Equations by Graphing 239
9.2: Solving Pairs of Linear Equations by Addition 242
9.3: Solving Pairs of Linear Equations by Substitution 252
9.4: Applications Involving Pairs of Linear Equations 259
Chapter 9 Test 276
Chapter 10: Factoring Algebraic Expressions

10.1: Finding Monomial Factors 279
10.2: Finding the Product of Two Binomials Mentally 279
10.3: Finding Binomial Factors 282
10.4: Special Products 284
10.5: Finding Factors of Special Products 285
10.6: Factoring General Trinomials 286
Chapter 10 Group Activities 287
Chapter 10 Test 288
Chapter 11: Quadratic Equations

11.1: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring 292
11.2: The Quadratic Formula 295
11.3: Applications Involving Quadratic Equations 300
11.4: Graphs of Quadratic Equations 305
11.5: Imaginary Numbers 307
Chapter 11 Test 316
Chapter 12: Geometry

12.1: Angles and Polygons
12.2: Quadrilaterals
12.3: Triangles
12.4: Similar Polygons
12.5: Circles
12.6: Radian Measure
12.7: Prisms
12.8: Cylinders
12.9: Pyramids and Cones
12.10: Spheres
Chapter 12 Group Activities
Chapter 12 Review
Chapter 12 Test
Cumulative Review Chapters 1-12
Chapter 13: Right Triangle Trigonometry

13.1: Trigonometric Ratios
13.2: Using Trigonometric Ratios to Find Angles
13.3: Using Trigonometric Ratios to Find Sides
13.4: Solving Right Triangles
13.5: Applications Involving Trigonometric Ratios
Chapter 13 Review
Chapter 13 Test
Chapter 14: Trigonometry with Any Angle
14.1: Sine and Cosine Graphs 386
14.2: Period and Phase Shift 388
14.3: Solving Oblique Triangles: Law of Sines 392
14.4: Law of Sines: The Ambiguous Case 397
14.5: Solving Oblique Triangles: Law of Cosines 405
Chapter 14 Test 419
Chapter 15: Basic Statistics

15.1: Bar Graphs 424
15.2: Circle Graphs 424
15.3: Line Graphs 426
15.4: Other Graphs 427
15.5: Mean Measurement 427
15.6: Other Average Measurements and Percentiles 427
15.7: Range and Standard Deviation 428
15.8: Grouped Data 428
15.9: Standard Deviation for Grouped Data 429
15.10: Statistical Process Control 430
15.11: Other Graphs for Statistical Data 430
15.12: Normal Distribution 432
15.13: Probability 434
15.14: Independent Events 434
Chapter 15 Test 436
Chapter 16: Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers

16.1: Introduction to Binary Numbers 437
16.2: Addition of Binary Numbers 437
16.3: Subtraction of Binary Numbers 437
16.4: Multiplication of Binary Numbers 437
16.5: Conversion from Decimal to Binary System 438
16.6: Conversion from Binary to Decimal System 438
16.7: Hexadecimal System 438
16.8: Addition and Subtraction of Hexadecimal Numbers 438
16.9: Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion 439
Chapter 16 Test 440
Appendices
Appendix B: Exponential Equations 443
Appendix C: Simple Inequalities 446
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts 1
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Section 1.1: Review of Basic Operations
1. 3255 21. 27, 216
2. 10, 793 22. 1, 699,922
3. 1454 23. 18,172, 065
4. 579 24. 486, 400
5. 795, 776 25. 35,360, 000
6. 4,845,000 26. 122, 440,80 0
7. 5164 27. 1809
8. 3298 28. 61, 747 r 1
9. 26, 008 29. 389
10. 130,130 30. 434 r 24
11. 2820 31. 844 r 40
12. 50,124 32. 1566 r 80
13. 4195Ω 33. 31 mi/gal ×16 gal = 496 mi
14. 8615Ω 34. 65 L ×12 km/L = 780 km
15. The sum of the lengths is 224 feet , so 224 studs 35. 1300 cm3 ÷ 4 = 325 cm 3
are required.
24 ftft − 4 ft − 5 ft − 7 ft = 8 ft
16. 39
17.
36. 1274
37. km÷÷180
2340 mi 49 galL == 26 mi/gal
13 km/L
38. $13/4 ft × 20 ft = $65

18. 125 ft 3 − 78 ft 3 = 47 ft 3
39. $516 ÷ 6 h = $86/h
19. Input: 1925 cm3
40. $508 ÷ 4 = $127
Output: 1425 cm3 41. 125 mi/h × 4 h = 500 mi
1925 cm3 −1425 cm 3 = 500 cm3 42. 500 ft/min ×15 min = 7500 ft
20. Yes; 31 hr + 2 hr + 3 hr + 2 hr + 3 hr = 41 hr
43. 45.
5 ×18 ft = 90 ft First draftperson:
42 ×15 ft = 630 ft 8 × 30 × 80 = 19, 200 drawings
158 ×12 ft = 1896 ft Second draftperson:
105 ×10 ft = 1050 ft 8 × 30 ×120 = 28,800 drawings
79 × 8 ft = 632 ft Difference:
87 × 6 ft = 522 ft 28,800 −19, 200 = 9600 drawings
Total = 4820 ft 46. 5232 ft ÷12 ft = 436
44. There are 112 boards in the order. 47.
17 ft 5 in. = 17 ft ×12 in./ft + 5 in.
36 ×12 ft = 432 ft
= 209 in.
28 ×10 ft = 280 ft
209 in. − 75 in. = 134 in.
36 × 8 ft = 288 ft
134 in. ÷ 2 = 67 in. from either corner
12 ×16 ft = 192 ft
Total = 1192 ft 48. 260 acres ×165 bu/acre = 42,900 bu
2 Elementary Technical Mathematics, 11th
6864 bu 12, 000, 000 bu

49. = 44 bu/acre 50. = 5897 cars
156 acre 2035 bu/car
51. a.
856 lb +754 lb +1044 lb +928 lb +888 lb +734 lb +953 lb +891 lb 7048 lb

= = 881 lb/day
8 8 days
4320 lb 120 lb/day
b. = 120 lb/day ; = 15 lb/day/steer
36 days 8 steers
52. 56.
Number of bales = 6 ×110 ×15 = 9900 400 gal

= 40
9900 ×80 lb 10 gal
Weight of bales = = 396 tons 40 × 2 lb = 80 lb
2000 lb/ton
53. 57.
92, 480 lb 30 ft ×12 in./ft = 360 in.
= 2890 bu
32 lb/bu 360 in. − 2 × 5 in. = 350 in.
2890 bu 350 in. ÷10 in. = 35
= 85 lb/acre
34 acre
One additional daylily is required at the end
54. of the planting so 35 +1 = 36 daylilies are
15 tons × 2000 lb/ton = 30, 000 lb
needed in total.
30, 000 lb 58. 7 × 75 × 3 = 1575 lb
= 60 bales
500 lb
E 220
55. 59. I = = =5A
R 44
$175, 000 − $300 = $172, 000
$172, 000
= $17, 200
10
E 48 68. The outer dimension of the back wall is

60. I = = =2A
R 24 12 in.
17 ft × + 4 in. = 208 in. long and
61. E = IR = ( 2)(12 ) = 24 V 1 ft
12 in.
8 ft × = 96 in. high so there would be
62. E = IR = ( 2)( 24 ) = 48 V 1 ft
63. 220 × 4 oz = 880 oz 96 in. 208 in.

= 12 rows of = 13 blocks,
64. 8 in. 16 in.
3 × 60 mg = 180 g for a total of 2 ×12 ×13 = 312 blocks for

both walls. The outer dimensions of the side
180 g ÷ 30 g = 6 tablets walls must fit inside the bricks of the back
65. 800 mg ÷ 800 mg = 4 tablets and front walls, so the side wall is
12 in.
66. 2 × 5 g = 10 g 12 ft × + 8 in. − 2 × 4 in. = 144 in.
1 ft
67. 12 in.
14 ft 6 in. − 4 × (2 ft 6 in.) − 3 × (1 ft ) long and 8 ft × = 96 in. high so there

1 ft
= 14 ft 6 in. −10 ft − 3 ft 96 in. 144 in.
would be = 12 rows of =9
= 1 ft 6 in. 8 in. 16 in.
(1 ft 6 in.) ÷ 2 = 18 in. ÷ 2
= 9 in. blocks, for a total of 2 × 9 ×12 = 216 blocks
for both walls. A total of 312 + 216 = 528
blocks are needed.
69. 73. 50 +125 +110 + 35 = 320 seats

8 ft − 3 × (10 in.) − 2 × (1 ft 2 in.) 74. a. 125 ÷11 = 11 r 4 so 12 beef loins are
= 96 in. − 3 ×10 in. − 2 ×14 in. required.
= 96 in. − 30 in. − 28 in. b. Each beef loin has two end cuts, so
2 ×12 = 24 end cuts are available.
= 38 in.
75. 2 × 90 + 3 × 4 + 2 × 4 = 180 +12 + 8 = 200
38 in. ÷ 2 items.
= 19 in. 76.
70. Number of tables = 10 +12
2 × 30 gal = 60 gal = 22
60 gal ÷ 5 gal/drum = 12 drums Tables per server = 22 ÷ 6
Order size = 12 drums − 8 drums =3r4
= 4 drums Servers needed = 4
71. 77. a. $131+ $152 + $128 = $411
2500 ÷1000 = 2.5
b. $411÷ 3 = $137
2.5 × 8540 bd ft = 213,500 bd ft
72.
$520
2 lb × = $0.52/lb
2000 lb
Section 1.2: Order of Operations

1. 5.
8 − 3 ( 4 − 2) 2 (9 + 5) − 6 × (13 + 2) ÷ 9
= 8 − 3 ( 2) = 2 (14) − 6 ×15 ÷ 9
= 8−6 = 28 − 90 ÷ 9
=2 = 28 −10
2. = 18
(8 + 6 ) 4 + 8 6.
= (14) 4 + 8 5 (8 × 9 ) + (13 + 7 ) ÷ 4
= 56 + 8 = 5 (72) + 20 ÷ 4
= 64 = 5 (72) + 20 ÷ 4
3. = 360 + 5
(8 + 6 ) − (7 − 3) = 365
= 14 − 4 7.
= 10 27 +13 × (7 − 3)(12 + 6 ) ÷ 9
4. = 27 +13 × (4 )(18) ÷ 9
4 × ( 2 × 6 ) + (6 + 2) ÷ 4 = 27 + 52 (18) ÷ 9
= 4 ×12 + 8 ÷ 4 = 27 + 936 ÷ 9
= 48 + 2 = 27 +104
= 50 = 131
8. 16.
123 − 3 (8 + 9 ) +17 6 ( 4 × 5) + (15 + 9) ÷ 6
= 123 − 3 (17 ) +17 = 6 (20) + 24 ÷ 6
= 123 − 51 +17 = 120 + 4
= 89 = 124
9. 17.
16 + 4 (7 + 8) − 3 42 +12 (9 − 3)(12 +13) ÷ 30
= 16 + 4 (15) − 3 = 42 +12 (6 )(25) ÷ 30
= 16 + 60 − 3 = 42 + 72 (25) ÷ 30
= 73 = 42 +1800 ÷ 30
10. = 42 + 60
(18 +17 )(12 + 9 ) − (7 ×16 )(4 + 2) = 102
= (35)( 21) − (112)(6) 18.
= 735 − 672 228 − 4 × (7 + 6 ) − 8 (6 − 2)
= 63 = 228 − 4 ×13 − 8 (4 )
11. = 228 − 52 − 32
9 − 2 (17 −15) +18 = 144
= 9 − 2 ( 2) +18 19.
= 9 − 4 +18 38 + 9 × (8 + 4) − 3 (5 − 2 )
= 23 = 38 + 9 ×12 − 3 (3)
12. = 38 +108 − 9
(9 + 7 ) 5 +13 = 137
= (16) 5 +13 20.
= 80 +13 (19 + 8)(4 + 3) ÷ 21+ (8 ×15) ÷ (4 × 3)

= 93 = (27 )(7 ) ÷ 21+120 ÷12
13. = 189 ÷ 21 +10
(39 −18) − (23 −18) = 9 +10
= 21 − 5 = 19
= 16 21.
14. 27 − 2 × (18 − 9 ) − 3 + 8 ( 43 −15)
5 (3 × 7 ) + (8 + 4) ÷ 3 = 27 − 2 × 9 − 3 + 8 (28)
= 5 (21) +12 ÷ 3 = 27 −18 − 3 + 224
= 105 + 4 = 230
= 109 22.
15. 6 × 8 ÷ 2 × 8 ÷12 + 6
3 (8 + 6 ) − 7 (13 + 3) ÷14 = 48 ÷ 2 × 8 ÷12 + 6
= 3 (14) − 7 (16) ÷14 = 24 × 8 ÷12 + 6
= 42 −112 ÷14 = 192 ÷12 + 6

= 42 − 8 = 16 + 6
= 34 = 24
23. 30.
12 × 9 ÷18 × 64 ÷ 8 + 7 6 + 4 (9 + 6) + 8 − 2 (7 + 3) − (3 ×12) ÷ 9
= 108 ÷18 × 64 ÷ 8 + 7 = 6 + 4 (15) + 8 − 2 (10 ) − 36 ÷ 9
= 6 × 64 ÷ 8 + 7
= 6 + 60 + 8 − 20 − 4
= 384 ÷ 8 + 7
= 50
= 48 + 7
31.
= 55
24 / (6 − 2 ) + 4 × 3 −15 / 3
24. = 24 / 4 +12 − 5
18 ÷ 6 × 24 ÷ 4 ÷ 6
= 6 +12 − 5
= 3 × 24 ÷ 4 ÷ 6
= 13
= 72 ÷ 4 ÷ 6
= 18 ÷ 6 32.
=3
(36 − 6 ) / (5 +10) + (16 −1) / 3
= 30 /15 +15 / 3
25.
= 2+5
7 + 6 (3 + 2 ) − 7 − 5 ( 4 + 2 )
=7
= 7 + 6 (5) − 7 − 5 (6)
33.
= 7 + 30 − 7 − 30
3 ×15 ÷ 9 + (13 − 5) / 2 × 4 − 2
=0
= 45 ÷ 9 + 8 / 2 × 4 − 2
26. = 5+4×4−2
5 + 3 (7 × 7 ) − 6 − 2 ( 4 + 7 )
= 5 +16 − 2
= 5 + 3 (49) − 6 − 2 (11) 19
= 5 +147 − 6 − 22
34.
= 124 28 / 2 × 7 − (6 +10 ) / (6 − 2 )
27. = 14 × 7 −16 / 4
3 +17 (2 × 2 ) − 67
= 98 − 4
= 3 +17 ( 4) − 67 = 94
= 3 + 68 − 67
35.
=4 10 + 4 2
28. = 10 +16
8 − 3 (9 − 2) ÷ 21− 7 = 26
= 8 − 3 (7 ) ÷ 21− 7
36.
= 8 − 21÷ 21− 7 4 + 2 ⋅32
= 8 −1− 7 = 4 + 2 ⋅9
=0 = 4 +18
29. = 22
28 − 4 (2 × 3) + 4 − (16 × 8) ÷ (4 × 4 )
= 28 − 4 (6 ) + 4 −128 ÷16
= 28 − 24 + 4 − 8
=0
37. 40.
20 +( 2 ⋅3)
2
(
5 ( 4 + 6 ) + 2 (5 − 2 ) )
7⋅2 = 5 (( 4 + 6 ) + 2 ( 5 − 2 ) )
3
20 + 62
= = 5 (10 + 2 (3))
7 ⋅8
20 + 36 = 5 (10 + 6 )
=
56 = 5 (16)
56
= = 80
56
41.
=1
5 × 2 + 3 ⎡⎣ 2 (5 − 3) + 4 ( 4 + 2 ) − 3⎤⎦
38.
= 10 + 3 ⎡⎣ 2 ( 2) + 4 (6 ) − 3⎤⎦
(20 −2 ⋅5)2
33 − 2 = 10 + 3 [ 4 + 24 − 3]
(20 −10) 2 = 10 + 3 [ 25]
=
27 − 2 = 10 + 75
(10 )2 = 85
=
25 42.
=
100
25
( ( (
3 10 + 2 1+ 3 2 + 6 ( 4 − 2) )))
=4 = 3 (10 + 2 (1+ 3 ( 2 + 6 (2 ))))
39. ( (
= 3 10 + 2 1+ 3 ( 2 +12 ) ))
6 ⎡⎣3 + 2 (2 + 5)
= 3 (10 + 2 (1+ 3 (14 )))
= 6 ⎡⎣3 + 2 (7 )⎤⎦
(
= 3 10 + 2 (1+ 42) )
= 6 [3 +14]
= 3 (10 + 2 ( 43))
= 6 [17 ]
= 102 = 3 (10 + 86 )
= 3 (96 )
= 288
Section 1.3: Area and Volume
1. 4.
A=l×w A=l×w
A = 12 yd × 8 yd A = 12 mi × 22 mi
= 96 yd 2
= 264 mi 2
2. 5.
A=l×w A=l×w
A = 12 m × 8 m A = 191 in. × 73 in.
= 96 m 2
= 13,943 in 2
3.
A=l×w
A = 4100 ft × 75 ft
= 307,500 ft 2
6.
27 in. ×15 in. = 405 in 2
15 in. ×18 in. = 270 in 2
27 in. ×18 in. = 486 in 2
27 in. ×18 in. = 486 in 2
15 in. ×18 in. = 270 in 2
Total = 1917 in 2
7.
Area of outer rectangle: 9 cm ×12 cm = 108 cm 2
Area of inner rectangle: 6 cm × 4 cm = 24 cm 2
Total area: = 84 cm 2
8. 10.
Area of outer rectangle: 8 in. × 8 in. = 64 in 2 Area of upper rectangle: 2 in. × 6 in. = 12 in 2
Area of inner rectangle: 5 in. × 5 in. = 25 in 2 Area of middle rectangle: 6 in. × 2 in. = 12 in 2
Total area: = 39 in 2 Area of lower rectangle: 2 in. × 6 in. = 12 in 2
9. Total area: = 36 in 2
Area of left rectangle: 8 in. × 3 in. = 24 in 2 11.
Area of middle rectangle: 2 in. × 6 in. = 12 in 2
Area of upper rectangle: 3 in. × 6 in. = 24 in 2
Area of right rectangle: 3 in. × 4 in. = 12 in 2
Area of lower rectangle: 7 in.× 4 in. = 28 in 2
Total area: = 48 in 2 Total area: = 52 in 2

12.
Area of outer rectangle: 30 cm × 30 cm = 900 cm 2

Area of squares: 4 × 5 cm × 5 cm =800 cm 2
48 in. × 36 in. 1728 in 2
13. = = 108 tiles are needed.
4 in. × 4 in. 16 in 2
26 ft
14. You must arrange the tiles so the 2 ft edges are along the 26 ft side, so there will be = 13 tiles in that
2 ft
24 ft
direction. There will be = 6 tiles along the other edge of the ceiling, so there will be a total of
4 ft
13 × 6 = 78 tiles.
15.
Area of ceiling: 12 ft ×16 ft = 192 ft 2
Area of left/right walls: 2 × 8 ft ×12 ft = 192 ft 2
Area of front/back walls: 2 × 8 ft ×16 ft = 256 ft 2
Total area: = 640 ft 2
Twenty rooms will be 20 × 640 ft 2 = 12,800 ft 2 so 12,800 ft 2 ÷ 640 ft 2 = 32 gallons of paint will be
needed.
16. Since the area of a sheet of drywall is 4 ft × 8 ft = 32 ft 2 12,800 ft 2 ÷ 32 ft 2 = 400 pieces of drywall will be
needed.
17. a.
A=l×w
A = 24 ft × 45 ft
= 1080 ft 2
Value = 1080 ft 2 × $110/ft 2
= $118,800
b.
Area of upper rectangle: 24 ft × 85 ft = 2040 ft 2
Area of lower rectangle: 19 ft ×16 ft = 304 ft 2
Value = 2344 ft 2 × $110/ft 2 = $257,840

18.
Area of upper rectangle: 28 ft × 75 ft = 2100 ft 2
Area of lower left rectangle: 16 ft × 26 ft = 416 ft 2
Area of lower right rectangle: 12 ft × 24 ft = 288 ft 2
Value = 2804 ft 2 × $90/ft 2 = $252,360

19. 20.
V = l × w×h V = l × w×h
V = 3 m × 4 m ×8 m V = 10 ft × 20 ft × 8 ft
= 96 m3 = 1600 ft 3
21.
Volume of upper box: 6 cm × 4 cm × 5 cm = 120 cm3
Volume of lower box: 6 cm × 20 cm × 5 cm = 600 cm 3
Total Volume: = 720 cm3

22.
Volume of left box: 3 cm × 3 cm ×18 cm = 162 cm 3
Volume of right box: 6 cm ×15 cm × 3 cm = 270 cm3
Total Volume: = 432 cm3
23.
Volume of left box: 5 in. × 6 in. × 40 in. = 1200 in 3
Volume of middle box: 25 in. × 6 in. ×10 in. = 1500 in 3
Volume of right box: 5 in.× 6 in. × 40 in. = 1200 in 3
Total Volume: = 3900 in 3
24.
Volume of left box: 8 ft × 8 ft × 20 ft = 1280 ft 3
Volume of middle box: 32 ft × 8 ft × 8 ft = 2048 ft 3
Volume of right box: 8 ft × 20 ft ×15 ft = 2400 ft 3
Total Volume: = 5728 ft 3
25. 28.
V = l × w× h V = l × w× h
V = 10 cm ×12 cm × 5 cm V = 16 in. × 20 in. ×1 in.
= 600 cm 3
= 320 in 3
26. 29.
V = l × w×h V = l × w× h
V = 20 ft ×10 ft × 8 ft V = 3 ft × 5 ft × 2 ft
= 1600 ft 3
= 30 ft 3
27. 30.
V = l × w× h V = l × w×h
V = 8 in. × 20 in. × 72 in. V = 14 in. ×16 in. × 4 in.
= 11,520 in 3
= 896 in 3
31. 216 ft 3 × 42 lb/ft 3 = 9072 lb.
V = l × w× h
35.
V = 15 ft ×12 ft × 2 ft V = l × w×h
= 360 ft 3 V = 100 ft × 50 ft ×10 ft
So, the cement will weigh = 50, 000 ft 3
360 ft 3 ×193 lb/ft 3 = 69, 480 lb. So, the cost of heating the space will be
32. 50, 000 ft 3 ÷1000 ft 3 × $55 = $2750.
V = l × w× h
36. The remaining area is
V = 5 ft × 6 ft × 5 ft 113 ft × 90 ft = 10170 ft 2 so there could be
3
= 150 ft 10170 ft 2 ÷ 4000 ft 2 = 2 r 2170 or 2 stores.
So, the coal will weigh 37. The height of the cardboard sheet would be
150 ft 3 × 40 lb/ft 3 = 6000 lb which is 16 in. + 9 in. = 25 in. and the width would
6000 lb ÷ 2000 lb = 3 tons. be 4 × 9 in. +1 in. = 37 in.
33. 38. The volume of the box is
V = l × w× h 16 in. × 9 in. × 9 in. = 1296 in 3 so
V = 8 ft × 5 ft × 6 ft 1296 in 3 − 450 in 3 = 846 in 3 of peanuts are
= 240 ft 3 required.
39.
So, the water will weigh
V = l × w×h
240 ft 3 × 62 lb/ft 3 = 14,880 lb.
V = 4 ft × 4 ft × 8 ft
34.
V = l × w×h = 128 ft 3
V = 9 ft × 6 ft × 4 ft
= 216 ft 3
So, the gasoline will weigh
40. 42.
A=l×w 4 ft ×12 in./ft = 48 in.
A = 125 ft × 24 ft 8 ft ×12 in./ft = 96 in.
= 3000 ft 2
48 in. × 96 in. = 4608 in 2
V = l × w×h 4 in. × 4 in. = 16 in 2
V = 125 ft × 24 ft ×12 ft 4608 in 2
= 288 containers
= 36, 000 ft 3 16 in 2
41.
8 ft ×12 in./ft = 96 in.
24 ft ×12 in./ft = 288 in.
V = l × w×h
= 96 in. × 288 in. × 3 in.
= 82944 in 3
82944 in3
1 ft 3 =1728 in 3 , so = 48 ft 3 of mulch
1728 in 3
are needed.
Section 1.4: Formulas
1. 6.
W = fd W = fd
W = (30 )( 20 ) W = (2400 )(120 )
= 600 = 288, 000
2. 7.
W = fd f = ma
W = (17 )(9) f = (1600)( 24 )
= 153 = 38, 400
3. 8.
W = fd V2
P=
W = (1125)(10 ) R
= 11, 250
P=
(120)2
4. 24
W = fd 14, 400
=
24
W = (203)( 27 )
= 600
= 5481
9.
5. E
W = fd I=
R
W = (176 )(326) 120
= 57, 376 I=
15
=8
10. 18.
d = vt A = lw
d = (372)(18) A = (24 in.)(15 in.)
= 6696 = 360 in 2
11. 19.
P = IE A = lw
P = (29)(173) A = (36 ft )(18 ft )
= 5017
= 648 ft 2
12.
20.
W = IEt
A = lw
W = (11)(95)( 46)
A = (250 cm )(120 cm )
= 48, 070
= 30, 000 cm 2
13.
1 21.
A= bh ⎛ a +b ⎞
2 A=⎜ ⎟h
1 ⎝ 2 ⎠
A= (10 in.)(8 in.)
⎛ 7 ft +9 ft ⎞
2 A= (4 ft )
= 40 in 2 2
⎛16 ft ⎞
14. = (4 ft )
1 2
A= bh
2 = (8 ft )( 4 ft )
1
A = (36 cm )( 20 cm ) = 32 ft 2
2
22.
= 360 cm 2
⎛ a +b ⎞
15. A= h
2
1
A= bh ⎛ 30 in. +50 in. ⎞
2 A=⎜ ⎟( 24 in.)
⎝ 2 ⎠
1
A= (54 ft )(30 ft )
⎛ 80 in. ⎞
2 =
2
(24 in.)
= 810 ft 2
= (40 in.)( 24 in.)
16.
2
1 = 960 in
A = bh
2 23.
1
A = (188 m )(220 m ) ⎛ a +b ⎞
2 A= h
2
= 20, 680 m 2
⎛ 96 cm +24 cm ⎞
A=⎜ (30 cm )
17. ⎝ 2
A = lw
⎛120 cm ⎞
A = (8 m )(7 m ) = (30 cm )
2
= 56 m 2 = (60 cm )(30 cm )
= 1800 cm 2
24. 29.
⎛ a +b ⎞ I=
E
A= h
2 Z
⎛ 450 m +750 m ⎞ 240
A= (250 m ) I=
2 15
= 16
⎛1200 m ⎞
=
2
(250 m ) 30.
= (600 m )( 250 m ) P = I2R
P = (4 ) ( 2000)
2
= 150, 000 m 2
= 32, 000
25.
V = lwh 31.
V = (25 cm )(15 cm )(12 cm ) P = cd 2 SN
P = (0.7853)(3) ( 4)( 4)
2
= 4500 cm3
26. = 113.1
V = lwh 32.
V = (48 in.)( 24 in.)(96 in.) l=
V
2
cd
= 110,592 in 3
47 in 3
27. l= 2
v = v0 + gt (0.785)(2.98 in.)
v = 12 + (32 )(5) = 6.742 in.
= 172
28.
Q = CV
Q = (12)(2500)
= 30, 000
33.
Area of left rectangle: 55 ft ×120 ft = 6600 ft 2
Area of middle rectangle: 160 ft × 60 ft = 9600 ft 2
Area of right rectangle: 260 ft × 60 ft = 21, 600 ft 2
Total area: = 31,800 ft 2
Area in tsf = 31,800 ft 2 ÷1000 = 31.8 tsf

Section 1.5: Prime Factorization
1. a. 1 + 5 = 6 is divisible by 3, so 15 is divisible 3. a. 9 + 6 = 15 is divisible by 3, so 96 is
by 3. divisible by 3.
b. 15 is not divisible by 4. b. 96 is divisible by 4.
2. a. 2 + 8 = 10 is not divisible by 3, so 28 is not 4. a. 1 + 7 + 2 = 10 is not divisible by 3, so
divisible by 3. 172 is not divisible by 3.
b. 28 is divisible by 4. b. 172 is divisible by 4.
5. a. 7 + 8 = 15 is divisible by 3, so 78 is divisible 6. a. 6 + 7 + 5 = 18 is divisible by 3, so 675 is

by 3. divisible by 3.
b. 78 is not divisible by 4. b. 675 is not divisible by 4.
7. 53 is prime 35. 2 +1 + 8 = 11 is not divisible by 3, so 218
8. 57 = 3⋅19 is not prime is not divisible by 3.
9. 93 = 3⋅ 31 is not prime 36. 375 ends in 5, so it is divisible by 5.
10. 121 = 11⋅11 is not prime 37. 528 does not end in 0 or 5, so it is not
divisible by 5.
11. 16 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 is not prime
38. 2 +1 + 8 + 4 = 15 is divisible by 3, so 2184
12. 123 = 3⋅ 41 is not prime
is divisible by 3.
13. 39 = 3 ⋅13 is not prime 39. 1 + 9 + 8 = 18 is divisible by 3, so 198 is
14. 87 = 3 ⋅ 29 is not prime divisible by 3.
15. 458 is even, so it is divisible by 2. 40. 2 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 13 is not divisible by 3, so
16. 12, 746 is even, so it is divisible by 2. 2236 is not divisible by 3.
17. 315,817 is odd, so it is not divisible by 2. 41. 1,820, 670 is even, so it is divisible by 2.
18. 877, 778 is even, so it is divisible by 2. 42. 2,817, 638 is even, so it is divisible by 2.
19. 1367 is odd, so it is not divisible by 2. 43. 7, 215, 720 ends in 0, so it is divisible by 5.
20. 1205 is odd, so it is not divisible by 2. 44. 5 + 2 + 7 + 5 + 3 + 4 + 3 = 29 is not divisible
by 3, so 5, 275,343 is not divisible by 3.
21. 3 + 8 + 7 = 18 is divisible by 3, so 387 is
divisible by 3. 45. 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅5
22. 1 + 2 + 5 + 4 = 12 is divisible by 3, so 1254 is 46. 2 ⋅3⋅3
divisible by 3. 47. 2 ⋅3⋅11

23. 4 + 5 + 3 +1+ 2 + 8 = 23 is not divisible by 3, so 48. 2 ⋅3⋅5
453,128 is not divisible by 3.
49. 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅3
24. 1 + 7 + 8 + 2 +1+ 3 = 22 is not divisible by 3, so
50. 5 ⋅5
178, 213 is not divisible by 3.
51. 3⋅ 3⋅ 3
25. 2 +1 + 8 + 7 + 4 + 5 = 27 is divisible by 3, so
218, 745 is divisible by 3. 52. 59 is prime
53. 51 = 3⋅17
26. 1 + 5 + 6 + 9 + 0 = 21 is divisible by 3, so 15, 690
is divisible by 3. 54. 56 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7
27. 70 ends in 0, so it is divisible by 5. 55. 42 = 2 ⋅3⋅ 7
28. 145 ends in 5, so it is divisible by 5. 56. 63 = 3 ⋅3 ⋅ 7
29. 366 does not end in 0 or 5, so it is not divisible 57. 120 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3⋅ 5
by 5. 58. 72 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3⋅3
30. 56,665 ends in 5, so it is divisible by 5. 59. 171 = 3⋅ 3⋅19
31. 63, 227 does not end in 0 or 5, so it is not 60. 360 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅3⋅ 5
divisible by 5. 61. 105 = 3 ⋅5 ⋅ 7
32. 14, 601 does not end in 0 or 5, so it is not 62. 78 = 2 ⋅3 ⋅13
divisible by 5. 63. 252 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3⋅3 ⋅ 7
33. 56 is even, so it is divisible by 2.
64. 444 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3⋅ 37
34. 4 + 2 = 6 is divisible by 3, so 42 is divisible by
3.
Unit 1A Review
1. 241 3. 2, 711, 279
2. 1795 4. 620
5. 8.
3 ×12 ft = 36 ft 32 +12 ÷ 3 − 2 × 3
8 × 8 ft = 64 ft = 9+4−6
9 ×10 ft = 90 ft =7
12 × 6 ft = 72 ft 9.
Total = 262 ft 12 + 2 ⎡⎣3 (8 − 2 ) − 2 (3 +1)⎤⎦
6. 14, 244 lb ÷ 56 lb = 254 bu = 12 + 2 ⎡⎣3 (6 ) − 2 ( 4)⎤⎦
7. = 12 + 2 [18 − 8]
6 + 2 (5 × 4 − 2 )
= 12 + 2 [10]
= 6 + 2 ( 20 − 2)
= 12 + 20
= 6 + 2 (18) = 32
= 6 + 23
= 42
10.
Area of left rectangle: 24 in. ×11 in. = 264 in 2
Area of middle rectangle: 15 in. ×11 in. = 165 in 2
Area of right rectangle: 10 in. × 7 in. = 70 in 2
Total area: = 499 in 2

11. 14.
V = lwh 1
A= bh
V = (15 ft )(8 ft )(6 ft ) 2
1
= 720 ft 3 A= (40 )(15)
2
12. = 300
d = vt
15. 51 = 3⋅17 is not prime.
d = ( 45)(4 )
16. 47 is prime.
= 180
17. 1 + 9 + 5 = 15 is divisible by 3, so 195 is
13. not divisible by 3.
E 18. 821 does not end in 0 or 5, so it is not
I=
R divisible by 5.
I=
120 19. 40 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅5
12 20. 135 = 3 ⋅3⋅ 3⋅5
= 10
Section 1.6: Introduction to Fractions

12 2 ⋅2 ⋅3 3 36 2 ⋅2 ⋅3 ⋅3 6
1. = = 3. = =
28 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 7 7 42 2 ⋅3 ⋅ 7 7
9 3 ⋅3 3 12 2 ⋅2 ⋅3 2
2. = = 4. = =
12 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 4 18 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 3
9 3 ⋅3 3 54 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 ⋅3 3
5. = = 26. = =
48 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 16 72 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 4
8 2⋅2⋅2 4 112 2 ⋅2 ⋅2 ⋅2 ⋅7 7
6. = = 27. = =
10 2 ⋅5 5 128 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 8
13 13 1 330 2 ⋅3 ⋅5 ⋅11 11
7. = = 28. == =
39 3 ⋅13 3 360 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 ⋅5 12
24 2 ⋅2 ⋅2 ⋅3 2 112 2 ⋅2 ⋅2 ⋅2⋅7 7
8. = = 29. = =
36 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 3 144 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 9
48 2 ⋅2⋅2⋅2⋅3 4 525 3 ⋅5 ⋅5 ⋅7 5
9. = = 30. = =
60 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅5 5 1155 3 ⋅5 ⋅ 7 ⋅11 11
72 2 ⋅2 ⋅2 ⋅3 ⋅3 3 78 3
10. = = 31. = 15 r 3 = 15
96 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 4 5 5
9 11 3
11. =1 32. =2 r 3=2
9 4 4
15 28 1
12. = 15 33. = 9 r1= 9
1 3 3
0 21
13. =0 34. =7 r0=7
8 3
6 45 5 1
14. =1 35. = =1r 1=1
6 36 4 4
9 67 3
15. is undefined 36. =4 r 3=4
0 16 16
6 2 ⋅3 3 57 19 1
16. = = 37. = = 9 r1= 9
8 2⋅ 2⋅ 2 4 6 2 2
14 2 ⋅7 7 84 28
= = 9 r1= 9
1
17. = = 38.
9 3 3
16 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 8
7 7 1 15 5 ⎛ 1⎞ 1
18. = = 39. 5 =5 = 5+ 1 = 6
28 2⋅2⋅7 4 ⎜⎝ 4 4
12 4
27 3 ⋅3 ⋅3 3 70 35 ⎛ 3⎞ 3
19. = =
36 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3⋅3 4 40. 2 =2 = 2 + ⎜4 =6
16 8 ⎝ 8 8
15 3 ⋅5 5
20. = = 5
=
(3 ×6)+5 =
23
18 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 6 41. 3
6 6 6
12 2 ⋅2 ⋅3 3
21. = =
16 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 4 42. 6
3
=
(6 ×4)+3 =
27
4 4 4
9 3⋅ 3 1
22. = = 1 (2 ×8)+1 17
18 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 2 43. 2 = =
8 8 8
20 2 ⋅2 ⋅5 4
23. = = 2 (5 ×3)+2 17
25 5 ⋅5 5
44. 5 3 = 3
=
3
12 2 ⋅2 ⋅3 1
24. = =
36 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 3 7 (1 ×16)+7 23
45. 1 = =
12 2 ⋅2 ⋅3 3 16 16 16
25. = =
40 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅5 10
1 (4 ×2)+1 9 28 14 2
46. 4 = = 51. = =4r 2=4 pies
2 2 2 6 3 3
7 (6 ×8)+7 55 1 (1 ×3)+1 4
47. 6 = = 52. a. 1 = = cups
3 3 3
8 8 8
48. 8
1
=
(8 ×5)+1 = 41 b.
15 3
= 3 r 3 = 3 cups
4 4
5 5 5
3 (10 ×5)+3 53 c.
3 1
= 1 r 1 = 1 cups
49. 10 = = 2 2
5 5 5
5 (12 ×6 )+5 77
50. 12 = =
6 6 6
Section 1.7: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

1. 16 2 4 6 4 10 1
18. + = + = =1
2. 105 3 9 9 9 9 9
3. 210 1 1 3 1 16 8 9 4 37
19. 3 + 6 + 16 + 12 = 48 + 48 + 48 + 48 = 48
4. 315
5. 48 3 1 1 1 9 6 16 12 43
20. + + + = + + + =
6. 70 16 8 3 4 48 48 48 48 48
1 1 1 6 4 3 13
7.
2 1 4 1 5
+ = + = 21. + + = + + =
3 6 6 6 6 20 30 40 120 120 120 120
1 3 4 3 7 22.
8. + = + = 1 1 1 15 14 35
2 8 8 8 8 + + = + +
14 15 6 210 210 210
1 3 2 3 5
9. + = + = =
64
16 32 32 32 32 210
5 1 15 1 16 8 32
10. + = + = = =
6 18 18 18 18 9 105
2 3 8 3 11 23.
11. + = + =
7 28 28 28 28 3 1 4 63 15 56
+ + = + +
1 2 5 2 7 10 14 15 210 210 210
12. + = + = 134
9 45 45 45 45 =
3 5 24 5 29 210
13. + = + = 67
8 64 64 64 64 =
105
3 7 30 7 37
14. + = + = 5 11 5 10 11 60 81 9 1
10 100 100 100 100 24. + + = + + = = =1
36 72 6 72 72 72 72 8 8
1 3 4 3 7
15. + = + = 7 3 7 6 1
5 20 20 20 20 25. 8 − 4 = 8 − 8 = 8
3 3 12 3 15
16. + = + = 9 2 18 2 16 1
4 16 16 16 16 26. 64 − 128 = 128 − 128 = 128 = 8
4 1 8 5 13 3
17. + = + = =1 4 3 8 3 5 1
5 2 10 10 10 10 27. 5 − 10 = 10 − 10 = 10 = 2
7 1 21 16 5 9 13 1 18 13 4 1
28. − = − = 31. − − = − − =
16 3 48 48 48 16 32 8 32 32 32 32
9 3 27 3 24 4 7 2 1 63 16 6 41
29. − = − = = 32. − − = − − =
14 42 42 42 42 7 8 9 12 72 72 72 72
8 5 64 15 49
30. − = − =
9 24 72 72 72
33. 38.
1 2 3 3
2 =2 5 =5
2 4 8 8
3 3 3 6
4 =4 2 =2
4 4 4 8
5 1 9 1
6 =7 7 =8
4 4 8 8
34. 39.
5 5 3 19
3 =3 7 =6
8 8 16 16
3 6 7 14
5 =5 4 =4
4 8 8 16
11 3 5
8 =9 2
8 8 16
35. 40.
8 1 20
3 =2 8 =7
8 4 16
3 3 7 7
= 4 =4
8 8 16 16
5 13
2 3
8 16
36. 41.
4 4 36
8=7 3 =3
4 5 45
3 3 8 49
5 =5 9 =9
4 4 9 45
1 86 41
2 12 = 13
4 45 45
37. 3 19 42.
=7 5 25
8
16 16 4 =4
12 60
7 7 17 51
3 =3 6 =6
16 16 20 60
12 3 76 19 4
4 =4 10 = 10 = 11
16 4 60 15 15
43. 49. a.
9 7 1 3 7
3 +4 +3 2 ft + 3 ft
16 12 6 8 8
27 28 8 10 2 1
=3 +4 +3 =5 ft = 6 ft = 6 ft
48 48 48 8 8 4
63 21 5 b.
= 10 = 10 = 11
48 16 16 1 3
6 ft − 4 ft
44. 4 4
2 7 7 5 3
5 +3 +4 =5 ft − 4 ft
5 10 15 4 4
12 21 14 2 1
=5 +3 +4 =1 ft = 1 ft
30 30 30 4 2
47 17
= 12 = 13 50.
30 30 1 3 4 3
in. − in. = in. − in.
45. 8 32 32 32
5 7 1 1
16 −4 −2 = in.
8 12 2 32
15 14 12
= 16 −4 −2 51.
24 24 24 3 2 2
13 gal +11 gal +10 gal
39 14 12 4 5 5
= 15 − 4 −2
24 24 24 15 8 8
= 13 gal +11 gal +10 gal
13 20 20 20
=9
24 31 11
= 34 gal = 35 gal
46. 20 20
9 1 1 52.
12 −3 +2
16 6 4 1 3
50 gal −17 gal − 20 gal
27 8 12 2 8
= 12 −3 +2
48 48 48 4 3
= 50 gal −17 gal − 20 gal
39 8 8 8
= 14 − 3
48 48 7
= 50 gal − 37 gal
31 8
= 11
48 8 7
= 49 gal − 37 gal
47. 8 8
3 1 1
712 ft + 563 ft + 961 ft = 12 gal
4 2 8
3 2 53.
= 712 ft + 563 ft + 961 ft
4 4 1 3
25 gal − 23 gal
5 1 4 4
= 2236 ft = 2237 ft
4 4 5 3
= 24 gal − 23 gal
48. 4 4
1 3 1 3 2 1
3 ft + 2 ft + 3 ft + 4 ft =1 gal = 1 gal
4 8 8 16 4 2
4 6 2 3
=3 ft + 2 ft + 3 ft + 4 ft
16 16 16 16
15
= 12 ft
16
54. 57.
1 1 3 1 3 9
4 qt + 4 qt + 4 qt ton + ton + ton
2 4 8 3 4 16
4 2 3 16 36 27
=4 qt + 4 qt + 4 qt = ton + ton + ton
8 8 8 48 48 48
9 1 79 31
= 12 qt = 13 qt = ton = 1 ton
8 8 48 48
55. 58. 6 lb ×16 oz/lb = 96 lb
1 1 1
h+ h+ h 1 1 1
3 4 4 3 oz + 33 oz + 96 oz +10 oz
2 8 3
4 3 3
= h+ h+ h 12 3 8
12 12 12 =3 oz + 33 oz + 96 oz +10 oz
24 24 24
10 5 23
= h= h = 142 oz
12 6 24
56. 59.
3
4 ft − 3 ft 10 in. −
3 3 1 1
in. − in. − in. − in.
4 4 4 8 8
4 3 1
= 3 ft − 3 ft = ft 6 6 1 1
4 4 4 = 10 in. − in. − in. − in. − in.

8 8 8 8
1
4 ft − 2 ft 14
4 = 10 in. − in.
8
4 1 3
=3 ft − 2 ft = 1 ft 4 3 1
4 4 4 =9 in. −1 in. = 8 in.
4 4 4
1 3
ft +1 ft
4 4
4
= 1 ft = 2 ft
4
60. a.
9 5
3 in. − 2 in.
32 16
9 10
=3 in. − 2 in.
32 32
41 10
=2 in. − 2
32 32 in.
31
= in.
32
b.
5 1 31 3 9 3 1
2 in. + 2 in. + in. + 2 in. + 3 in. + 2 in. + 2 in.
16 2 32 8 32 8 2
10 16 31 12 9 12 16
=2 in. + 2 in. + in. + 2 in. + 3 in. + 2 in. + 2 in.
32 32 32 32 32 32 32
106 10 5
= 13 in. = 16 in. = 16 in.
32 32 16
61. a.
9 1 1
5 in. −1 in. −1 in.
16 8 8
9 2 2
=5 in. −1 in. −1 in.
16 16 16
5
=3 in.
16
b.
1 5 5 5 1 11 1 3 1
1 in. + 2 in. + 3 in. + 2 in. +1 in.+ 7 in.+ 2 in.+ 4 in.+ 5 in.
8 32 16 32 8 16 16 8 16
4 5 10 5 4 22 2 12 2
=1 in. + 2 in. + 3 in. + 2 in. +1 in. + 7 in. + 2 in. + 4 in. + 5 in.
32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32
66 2 1
= 27 in. = 29 in. = 29 in.
32 32 16
62. a.
1 17
2 in. + 2 in.
16 32
2 17
=2 in. + 2 in.
32 32
19
=4 in.
32
b.
19 1 27 17 29 9
4 in. +1 in. + in. + 2 in. + 2 in. +1
in. in. +1
32 8 32 32 32 16
19 4 27 17 29 18
=4 in. +1 in. + in. + 2 in. + 2 in. +1 in. +1 in.
32 32 32 32 32 32
114 18 9
= 11 in. = 14 in. = 14 in.
32 32 16
63. a.
1 3 5
3 in. −1 in. −1 in.
4 8 8
1 8
= 3 in. − 2 in.
4 8
1
= 3 in. − 3 in.
4
1
= in.
4
b.
1 15 15 7 1 13 3 7
3 in. + in. + in. +1 in. +1 in. + in. +1 in.+1 in.
4 16 16 8 4 16 8 8
4 15 15 14 4 13 6 14
=3 in. + in. + in. +1 in. +1 in. + in. +1 in.+1 in.
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
85 5
=7 in. = 12 in.
16 16
64. 69.
9 5 13 3 7
59 in. −19 in. − 17 in. 6in. + 2 in.
32 8 16 4 8
9 20 26 6 7
= 59 in. −19 in. −17 in. = 6 in. + 2 in.
32 32 32 8 8
9 46 13 5
= 59 in. − 36 in. =8 in. = 9 in.
32 32 8 8
9 14 70.
= 59 in. − 37 in.
32 32 3 5 3
41 14 3 in. + 5 in. + 3 in.
= 58 in. − 37 8 16 16
32 32 in. 6 5 6
27 =3 in. + 5 in. + 3 in.
= 21 in. 16 16 16
32 17 1
= 11 in. = 12 in.
65. 16 16
3 1 71. a.
1 A +1 A
4 2 7 3 1
6 in. +1 in. + 2 in.
3 2 8 8 4
=1 A +1 A
4 4 7 3 2
=6 in. +1 in. + 2 in.
5 1 8 8 8
=2 A=3 A
4 4 12 4 1
=9 in. = 10 in. = 10 in.
66. 8 8 2
1 1 1 b.
2 A+ A+ A
4 8 16 5 7 7
1 in. − in. − in.
4 2 1 8 16 16
=2 A+ A+ A
16 16 16 5 14
= 1 in. − in.
7 8 16
=2 A
16 5 7
=1 in. − in.
67. 8 8
1 1 3 13 7
A+ A +1 A = in. − in.
16 12 4 8 8
3 4 36 6 3 in.
= A+ A +1 A = in. =
48 48 48 8 4
43
=1 A
48
68.
1 3 3 7 1
1 A+ A+ A+ A+2 A
2 4 16 8 2
8 12 3 14 8
=1 A+ A+ A+ A+2 A
16 16 16 16 16
45 13
=3 A=5 A
16 16
72.
13 3 5 3 3
13 in. −1 in. − 2 in. − 4 in. − in.
16 8 16 4 16
13 6 5 12 3
= 13 in. −1 in. − 2 in.− 4 in.− in.
16 16 16 16 16
13 26
= 13 in. − 7 in.
16 16
13 10
= 13 in. − 8 in.
16 16
3
=5 in.
16
73. a. 75.
1 5 1 5 8 5
5 in. + 5 in. + 7 in. + 4 in. 16 in. −1 in. = 15 in. −1 in.
8 8 16 8 8 8
2 10 1 3
=5 in. + 5 in. + 7 in. + 4 in. = 14 in.
16 16 16 8
13
= 21 in. 76.
16 3 1 6 1
in. − in. = in. − in.
b. 8 16 16 16
1 3 3 5
7 in. − 3 in. − 3 in. = in.
4 16 16 16
1 6 77.
=7 in. − 6 in.
4 16 7 51 56 51
in. − in. = in. − in.
1 3 8 64 64 64
=7 in. − 6 in.
4 8 5
= in.
2 3 64
= 7 in. − 6 in.
8 8 78.
10 3 5 7 10 7
=6 in. − 6 in. in. − in. = in. − in.
8 8 8 16 16 16
7 3
= in. = in.
8 16
74. 79.
1 7 3 7 3 One cut:
7 in. − in. − in. − in. − in.
8 8 16 8 16 7 3
1 in. − in.
1 14 3 14 3 8 32
= 7 in. − in. − in. − in. − in.
8 16 16 16 16 28 3
=1 in. − in.
1 34 32 32
= 7 in. − in.
8 16 25
=1 in.
1 17 32
=7 in. − in.
8 8 Three cuts:
1 1 7 3 3 3
=7 in. − 2 in. 1 in. − in. − in. − in.
8 8 8 32 32 32
= 5 in. 28 3 3 3
=1 in. − in. − in. − in.
32 32 32 32
19
=1 in.
32
80. 82.
3 5 5 1 1 3
65 ft − 5 ft − 43 ft 16 ft 4 in. −1 ft 2 in. −10 in.
4 12 6 2 4 4
9 5 10 1 1 3
= 65 ft − 5 ft − 43 ft = 16 ft 4 in. −1 ft 2 in. −10 in.
12 12 12 2 4 4
21 5 10 1 1 3
= 64 ft − 5 ft − 43 ft = 16 ft 4 in. −1 ft 2 in. −10 in.
12 12 12 2 4 4
6 1 1 4
= 16 ft = 16 ft = 16 ft 4 in. −1 ft 12 in.
12 2 2 4
1
= 15 ft 16 in. −1 ft 13 in.
2
1
= 14 ft 3 in.
2
81.
Length:
7 5 7 5 7 5 7
in. + 3 in. + in. + 3 in. + in. + 3 in. + in.
32 16 32 16 32 16 32
7 10 7 10 7 10 7
= in. + 3 in. + in. + 3 in. + in. + 3 in. + in.
32 32 32 32 32 32 32
58 29 13
=9 in. = 9 in. = 10 in.
32 16 16
Width:
7 5 7 7 10 7 24 3
in. + 3 in. + in. = in. + 3 in. + in. = 3 in. = 3 in.
32 16 32 32 32 32 32 4
83.
3 3 1 7 5
15 in. + 7 in. +11 in. + 7 in. +10 in.
8 4 2 32 16
12 24 16 7 10
= 15 in. + 7 in. +11 in. + 7 in. +10 in.
32 32 32 32 32
69 5
= 50 in. = 52 in.
32 32
84.
15 1 1 3 13 1
in. + 3 in. + 2 in. + 3 in. +1 in. +1 in.
16 4 16 8 16 8
15 4 1 6 13 2
= in. + 3 in. + 2 in. + 3 in. +1 in. +1 in.
16 16 16 16 16 16
41 9
= 10 in. = 12 in.
16 16
85. a.
3 10 12
1 in. +1 in. + 2
10 3
in. +1 in. +1 in.
32 32 32 32 32
38 6 3
=6 in. = 7 in. = 7 in.
32 32 16
85. (continued) 89.

b. 3 1 3 4
+ = +
1 5 3 4 2 4 4
10 in. − 6 in. − 2 in.
2 8 16 7 3
= = 1 sticks
8 10 3 4 4
= 10 in. − 6 in. − 2 in.
16 16 16 90.
24 10 3 3 1 3 4
=9 in. − 6 in. − 2 in. 15 −12 = 15 −12
16 16 16 8 2 8 8
11 11 4
=1 in. = 14 −12
16 8 8
86. 7
=2 pies
2 3 2 8 9 8 8
+ + = + +
3 4 3 12 12 12 91.
25 1 3 1 3 2
= =1 cords 3 −2 =3 −2
12 12 8 4 8 8
1
87. = 1 cups
1 1 1 1 8
1 acres − acre − acre − acre
2 2 6 3 92.
3 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 3
= acres − acre − acre − acre 5 −1 − 2 = 5 −1 − 2
2 2 6 3 2 2 4 4 4 4
9 3 1 2 6 2 3
= acres − acre − acre − acre = 4 −1 − 2
6 6 6 6 4 4 4
3 1 1
= acre = acre =1 heads
6 2 4
88. 93.
1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 4 6 4 1
1 mi + 2 mi + mi + mi 1 + 3 −1 − 2 − = 1 + 3 −1 − 2 −
2 4 4 2 2 8 48 8 8 2 8
2 3 3 2 12 6 4 1
= 1 mi + 2 mi + mi + mi = + 3 −1 − 2 −
4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8
10 2 1 1
=3 mi = 5 mi = 5 mi = bag
4 4 2 8
3 5 6 32 5 33 1
94. +2− = + − = =2 cases
8 16 16 16 16 16 16
Section 1.8: Multiplication and Division of Fractions

1. 12 5.
2. 4 3 5 7 5
1 × = ×
3. 9 4 16 4 16
35
4. =
64
1 2 7 2
3 × = ×
2 5 2 5 1
6.
7 2 27
= =1
5 5
2
7.
3
15 18.
8. 10 3 10 5
32 ÷ = ×
9. 10 12 5 12 3
25 7
10. = =1
9 2 6 18 18
× ×1
16 3 15 19.
1 1 9 1
=
9 2 21
× × 4 ÷ = ÷
16 3 15 2 4 2 4
9 4
=
9 2 7
× × = ×
16 3 5 2 1
21 = 18
=
40 20.
1 2 56
11. 18 ÷6 = ÷6
8 3 3
56 1
1 = ×
12. 3 6
20 28 1
13. = =3
9 9
1 5 6
2 × × 21.
3 8 7
3
7 5 6 15 ÷
= × × 8
3 8 7 8
5 1 = 15 ×
= =1 3
4 4 = 40
1
14. 22.
63 77 77 1
15. ÷6 = ×
6 6 6
6 26 9 7
× ×1 × =
77
=2
5
11 35 13 12 36 36
6 26 22 7
= × × × 23.
11 35 13 12 7 3 7 5
2 ÷ = ×
= 11 5 11 3
5
35 2
= =1
16. 33 33
3 1 3 4
÷ = ×
8 4 8 1 24.
1 25
3 1 7÷3 = 7÷
= =1 8 8
2 2 8
17. = 7×
25
3 10 3 12 56 6
÷ = × = =2
5 12 5 10 25 25
18
= 25.
25 2 2 3 2 11 4
×3 ÷ = × ×
5 3 4 5 3 3
88 43
= =1
45 45
26. 32.
7 1 2 7 1 7 9 9 21
× ÷ = × × × × ÷ 81
8 2 7 8 2 2 4 4 7
49 17 9 9 21 1
= =1 = × × ×
32 32 4 4 7 81
3
27. =
16 3 10 1 16
× × ÷5
5 2 4 3 33.
16 3 10 16 7 3 1
= × × ÷ ÷ ×
5 2 4 3 16 8 2
16 3 10 3 7 8 1
= × × × = × ×
5 2 4 16 16 3 2
9 1 7
= =2 =
4 4 12
28. 21 34. 5 25 5
6×6× ÷ 48 ÷ ×
7 8 64 6
21 1 5 64 5
= 6×6× × = × ×
7 48 8 25 6
9 1 4 1
= =2 = =1
4 4 3 3
3 126 63 1
29.
7 3 28 35. × 42 gal = gal = gal = 31 gal

× ÷ 4 4 2 2
9 8 81 36. a.
7 3 81
= × × A=l×w
9 8 28 1 3
27 A = 6 ft × 3 ft
3 4
=
32 19 15
= ft × ft
30. 3 4
1 5 10 95 2 3
× ÷
2 = ft = 23 ft 2
3 8 4 4 4
7 5 4
= × × b.
3 8 10 P = 2l + 2w
7
= ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 3 ⎞
P = 2 × 6 ft + 2 × 3 ft
12
3 4
31. 19 15
2 5 3 = 2× ft + 2 × ft
× × ÷6 3 4
7 9 10 38 15
2 5 3 1 = ft + ft
= × × × 3 2
7 9 10 6
76 45
1 = ft + ft
= 6 6
126
121 1
= ft = 20 ft
6 6
1 13 91 1
37. 7 × 6 in. = 7 × in. = in. = 45 in.
2 2 2 2
38. 39.
2 20 1 2737
6 ft ft 684 mi mi
3 80 17 2737 3
= 3 = =3 = 3 lengths 4 = 4 = × mi/h
3 7 21 21 2 17 4 17
1 ft ft 5 h h
4 4 3 3
483 3
= mi/h = 120 mi/h
4 4
1 13 65 1 2 11
40. 5 × 3 h = 5× h= h = 16 h 41. 9 × 3 ft = 9 × ft = 33 ft
4 4 4 4 3 3
42.
17 ft 17 ft 2 34 7
= = 17 × = =3 lengths
1 9 9 9 9
4 ft ft
2 2
1 9
17 ft − 3 × 4 ft = 17 ft − 3 × ft
2 2
34 27
= ft − ft
2 2
7 1
= ft = 3 ft
2 2
1 1
There will be three 4 ft pieces and one 4 ft piece.
2 2
43.
number thickness width length

× × ×
of boards (in in.) (in in.) (in ft )
bd ft =
12
10 ×2 in. ×4 in. ×12 ft
bd ft = = 80 bd ft
12
44.

× × ×
bd ft =
12
24 ×4 in. ×4 in. ×16 ft
bd ft = = 512 bd ft
12
45.

× × ×
bd ft =
12
46.
175 ×1
bd ft =
in. ×8 in. ×14 ft
1
= 1633 bd ft
1
2
3
3
23
8 × 5 in. = 8 ×
in. = 46 in.
4
4
47. 49. There will be 15 spaces between the rivets.

9 7 9 14 1
4 in. − 2 × in. = 4 in.− in. 28 in.
32 32 32 32 8 1 1
41 14 = 28 in. ×
=3 in. − 15 8 15
32 32 in. 15 7
= in. = 1 in.
27 8 8
=3 in.
32 50.
48. There will be 8 spaces between the rivets. 1 5 3 1 9
×12 in. + 5 in. + ×15 in.
5 37 2 8 4 2 16
8×2 in. = 8 × in. 1 101 23 1 249
16 16 = × in. + in. + + × in.
37 1 2 8 4 2 16
= in. = 18 in.
2 2
101 23 249
= in. + in. + in.
16 4 32
202 184 249
= in. + in. + in.
32 32 32
635 27
= in. = 19 in.
32 32
51. There will be 3 + 2 + 6 +1 = 12 cuts.
Total lengths of the pieces: Remaining length:

1 3 36 in. = 36 in.
3× 2 in. = 6 in.
8 8 3 3
−6 in. = −6 in.
3 1 8 8
2×5 in. = 11 in.
4 2 1 4
−11 in. = −11 in.
7 1 2 8
6 × in. = 5 in.
8 4 1 2
−5 in. = −5
in.
1 1 4 8
1× 3 in. = 3 in.
2 2 1 4
−3 in. = −3 in.
1 3 2 8
12 × in. = in.
16 4 3 6
− in. = − in.
4 8
69 5
= in. = 8 in.
8 8
52. a.
2 ft 6 in. = 30 in.
30 in. 30 in. 2
= = 30 × = 12 pins
1 5 5
2 in. in.
2 2
52. (continued) 56.

b. 12 in.
6 ft × = 72 in.
1 1 8 1 9 1 ft
2 in. + in. = 2 in. + in. = 2 in.
2 16 16 16 16 72 in. 72
=
30 in. 30 in. 1 21
= 5 in.
9 41 4 4
2 in. in.
16 16 4
= 72 ×
16 21
= 30 × 96 5
41 = = 13 or 13 lengths
480 29 7 7
= = 11 or 11 pins
41 41 57.
1 15
53. 7 h h
9 2 = 2
9 in. 6 6
Number of revolutions = 64
3 15 1
in. = h×
128 2 6
585 5 1
in. = h =1 h
4 4
= 64
3 3 33 1
in.
128 58. 11 cars × h/car = h =8 h
4 4 4
585 128
= × 59.
64 3
Power = ( voltage ) × (current )
= 390 revolutions
1
1 min Power = 12 × 220
Time = 390 revolutions × 2
45 revolutions 25
26 2 = × 220
= min = 8 min 2
3 3 = 2750 W
318 in. 159 1
54. = in. = 79 in. 60.
4 2 2 V = IR
55. 1 1
V = lwh V =4 × 24
4 2
⎛ 2 ⎞⎛1 ⎞ 17 49
V = (4 ft ) 2 ft ft = ×
3 4 4 2
⎛8 ⎞⎛1 ⎞ 833 1
= (4 ft ) ft ft = = 104 V
3 4 8 8
8 3 2
= ft = 2 ft 3
3 3
61. 65. There will be 18 spaces between the outlets.
1 1 261
12 × 8 ft = 102 ft 130 ft ft
2 2 = 2
1 1 18 18
7 ×18 ft = 129 ft
2 2 261 1
= ft ×
3 2 18
24 ×1 ft = 42 ft
4 1 1
=7 ft or 7 ft 3 in.
1 4 4
12 × 6 ft = 78 ft
2 66.
1 1 3
2 × 34 ft = 68 ft 120 acres ×1 gal/acres
4 2 4
= 420 ft 7
= 120 acres × gal/acres
62. 4
= 210 gal
Current = ( voltage ) ÷ (resistance )
67.
1
Current = 24 ÷10 60 gal 4
2 = 60 × = 80
21 3 3
= 24 ÷ gal
2 4
1
= 24 ×
2 80 × lb = 40 lb
2
21
16 2 68.
= A =1 A
7 7 500 lb 500
=
1 45
63. 22 lb
2 2
Current = ( voltage ) ÷ (resistance )
2
1 = 500 ×
Current = 24 ÷10 45
2 200 3 2 3
21 = ft = 22 ft
= 24 ÷ 9 9
2 2000 lb
2 15 tons = 15 tons × = 30, 000 lb
= 24 × 1 ton
21 30, 000 lb 30, 000
16 2 =
= A =1 A 1 45
7 7 22 lb
2 2
64. 2
= 30, 000 ×
12 in. 45
25 ft ×
1 ft = 300 in. 4000 3 1 3
3 15 = ft = 1333 ft
3 in. in. 3 3
4 4
4
= 300 ×
15
= 80 lengths
69.
1 bu
448 lb ×
56 lb = 8 bu
1 1
acre acre
20 20
8
= bu/acre
1
20
= 8 × 20 bu/acre
= 160 bu/acre
70. a.
Gravel: V = lwh
3
1 ft ⎛1 yd ⎞
V = 120 ft ×180 ft × 4 in. × ×
12 in. ⎝⎜ 3 ft ⎠⎟
800 2
=
yd 3 = 266 yd 3
3 3
Concrete: V = lwh
3
1 ft ⎛ 1 yd ⎞
1
V = 120 ft ×180 ft × 3 in. × ×
2 12 in. ⎜⎝ 3 ft ⎟⎠
700 1
= yd 3 = 233 yd 3
3 3
b.
1
Concrete cost = 233 yd 3 × $94/yd 3 = $21,933.33
3
2 2500 lb 1 ton
Gravel cost = 266 yd 3 × × × $14/ton = $4666.67
3 1 yd 3 2000 lb
Total cost = $21,933.33 + $4666.67 = $26, 600

71. 75.
1 1 1 5 1 29
×2 lb = × lb 2×7 lb = 2 × lb
5 2 5 2 4 4
1 58
= oz = lb
2 4
29 1
72.
45 mg
=
9
tablets = 4
1
tablets = lb = 14 lb
10 mg 2 2 2 2
76.
15 mg 1
73. = tablet 1 1 1 15
30 mg 2 ×7 lb = × lb
20 2 20 2
45 mg 3 1 3
74. = tablets = 1 tablets = lb
30 mg 2 2 8
12 oz 2
77. = 12 × = 24 doses
1 1
oz
2
78. 82.
1 5 Area of face = Outer area − Inner area
3× 2 oz = 3 × oz
2 2 3 1
= 3 in. × 2 in. −1 in. × 2 in.
15 4 2
= oz
2 11 3
= 3 in. × in. − in. × 2 in.
1 4 2
=7 oz
2 33 2
= in − 3 in 2
79. 4
1 5 33 2 12 2 21 2
5× tsp = tsp = in − in = in
2 2 4 4 4
1 Volume = Al
=2 tsp
2 21 2
= in ×12 in. = 63 in 3
80. 4
1 1 = 11 whole cuts
6×6 in. + 5 × in.
8 4 83.
49 1 1
= 6× in. + 5 × in. RT =
8 4 1 1
+
147 5 R1 R2
= in. + in.
4 4 1
152 RT =
= in. = 38 in. 1
+
1
4 12 Ω 6 Ω
81. a. 1
1 1 =
3 in. −1 in. 1 in. 1 2
2 +
= 2 12 Ω 12 Ω
2 2
1 12 Ω
3 = = = 4Ω
in. 3 3
= 2 12 Ω
2
3 1 84.
= in. ×
2 2 1
RT=
3 1 1 1
= in. + +
4 R1 R2 R3
b. 1
RT =
1 1 1 1 1
3 in. −1 in. 1 in. + +
2 = 2 40 Ω 60 Ω 80 Ω
2 2 1
3 =
6 4 3
in. + +
= 2 240 Ω 240 Ω 240 Ω
2
3 1
1= × Ω
in.240 6 2 2
3 = = = 18 Ω
= in. 13 13 13
4
240 Ω
85. 91.
1 1 lb 14 7
RT = 14 oz × = lb = lb
1 1 1 1 16 oz 16 8
+ + +
R1 R2 R3 R4 1 1 5 2
16 lb − 5 lb = 15 lb − 5 lb
1 4 2 4 4
RT = 3
1 1 1 1 = 10
+ + + lb
6 Ω 12 Ω 24 Ω 48 Ω 4
1 3 43
10 lb lb
= 4
8 4 2 1 = 4
+ + + 7 7
48 Ω 48 Ω 48 Ω 48 Ω lb lb
8 8
1 48 Ω 3 1
= = =3 Ω=3 Ω ⎛ 43⎞ ⎛ 8 ⎞
15 15 15 5 =
4 7
48 Ω
86 2
86. There will be 4 cuts. = = 12
7 7
5 ×18 in. + 4 ×
1 1
in. = 90 in. + in. Number of whole steaks = 12
8 2
92.
1
= 90 in. 16 oz
2 12 lb × = 192 oz
1 lb
1
= 7 ft 6 in. 192 oz − 28 oz = 164 oz
2
164 oz 41
87. =
192 oz 48
1
Red flowers = 300 × = 75 flowers 4 ⋅41 41
4 = =
3 4 ⋅ 48 48
White flowers = 300 × 4 = 225 flowers 93.
1 1
88. 10 gal − 3 × 2 gal
3 2
27 ft 27 2
= = 27 × = 18 lengths 31 5
1 3 3 = gal − 3 × gal
1 ft 3 2
2 2
31 15
89. = gal − gal
3 2
1 3
1 cups 62 45
2 3 4 = gal − gal
= 2 = × = 6 scoops 6 6
1 1 2 1
cup 17 5
4 4 = gal = 2 gal
6 6
90.
94.
1 1
Dough for one pie = lb + lb 5 1 5 2 1
4 8 + = + = loin remaining
8 4 8 8 8
1 3
= lb + lb 1 3
4 8 ×3 = loin for soup
12 lb 8 8
Number of pies =
3
lb
8
8
= 12 × = 32 pies
3
Section 1.9: The U.S. System of Weights and Measures

12 in. 5280 ft
1. 3 ft × + 7 in. = 43 in. 12. 4 mi × = 21,120 ft
1 ft 1 mi
3 ft 1 ft
2. 6 yd × + 4 ft = 22 ft 13. 96 in. × 12 in. = 8 ft
1 yd
16 oz 1 yd
3. 5 lb × + 3 oz = 83 oz 14. 72 ft × 3 ft = 24 yd
1 lb
4. 1 qt
10 pt × = 5 qt
3 ft 12 in. 15. 2 pt
7 yd × × = 252 in.
1 yd 1 ft 1 ft 1
12 in. 54 in. × = 4 ft
3 ft × = 36 in. 16. 12 in. 2
1 ft 1 1b 1
6 in. = 6 in. 88 oz × = 5 lb
17. 16 oz 2
= 294 in. 1 cup 1 pt
32 fl oz × × = 2 pt
2 pt 8 fl oz 2 cups
5. 4 qt × +1 pt = 9 pt 18.
1 qt 1 gal 1
14 qt × = 3 gal
6. 4 qt 2
19.
4 qt 2 pt
6 gal × × = 48 pt 4 pk
1 gal 1 qt 3 bu × = 12 pk
1 bu
2 pt 20.
3 qt × = 6 pt 1 cup 1 pt 1
1 qt 56 fl oz × × = 3 pt
8 fl oz 2 cups 2
= 54 pt 21.
1 mi 1
3 tsp 7040 ft × = 1 mi
7. 3 tbs × = 9 tsp 5280 ft 3
1 tbs 22.
1 yd 2
4 qt 2 pt 92 ft × = 30 yd
8. 2 gal × × = 16 pt 3 ft 3
1 gal 1 qt 23. 1 ton 1
12 in. 9000 lb × = 4 tons
9. 8 ft × = 96 in. 2000 lb 2
1 ft 24. 5280 ft 1 yd
3 ft 25. 2 mi × × = 3520 yd
10. 5 yd × = 15 ft 1 mi 3 ft
1 yd
2 pt
11. 3 qt × = 6 pt
1 qt
1 cup 1 pt 1 qt 1 gal 7
26. 6000 fl oz × 8 fl oz × 2 cups × 2 pt × 4 qt = 46 8 gal
1 cup 1 pt 1 qt 5
27. 500 fl oz × 8 fl oz × 2 cups × 2 pt = 15 8 qt
1 mi 1
30. 22, 000 ft × = 4 mi
5280 ft 6
320 rods 3 12 in. 51 12 in.
3 mi × = 960 rods 31. 12 4 ft × 1 ft = 4 ft × 1 ft = 153 in.
28. 1 mi
80 in. 1 1b 1
29. = 6 r 8 = 6 ft 8 in. 32. 15 × 24 oz × = 22 lb
12 in. 16 oz 2
33. 1
144 fl oz + 24 fl oz + 56 fl oz = 224 fl oz 5280 ft Ω 66
10
35. 1 mi × × = Ω
1 cup 1 pt 1 qt 1 mi 1000 ft 125
224 fl oz × × × = 7 qt
8 fl oz 2 cups 2 pt
4
3 ft 25 Ω 1
34. 15 yd × 1 yd × 1 ft = 7 5 Ω
36.
4200 lb + 600 lb + 5800 lb +1300 lb + 2100 lb = 14, 000 lb
1 ton
14, 000 lb × = 2 tons
2000 lb
37. 6 ft
3 2 15 14 35 46. 12 fathoms × = 72 ft
3 ft × 4 ft = ft × ft = ft 1 fathom
4 3 4 3 2 17
27 grains
35 12 in. 12 in. 50 1
ft × × = 2520 in
2
47. 15 drams × = 410 grains
2 1 ft 1 ft 1 dram 10
38. a. 1 oz
48. 96 drams × = 12 oz
72 in. + 68 in. + 82 in. = 222 in. 8 drams
1 ft 1 ft 1h ft
222 in. × = 18 ft 49. 4500 × = 75
12 in. 2 h 60 min min
1 1 yd 1 ft 60 s ft
b. 18 ft × =6 yd 50. 28 × = 1680
2 3 ft 6 s 1 min min
5280 ft
39. a. 2 mi × = 10,560 ft 1 mi 60 s mi
1 mi 51. 1 × = 72
5 s 1 min min
1 yd ft 1 min ft
b. 10,560 ft × = 3520 yd
3 ft 52. 7200 × = 120
min 60 s s
1 4 qt
40. a.17 gal × = 70 qt 53.
2 1 gal mi 5280 ft 1h 1 min

40 × × ×
2 pt h 1 mi 60 min 60 s
b. 70 qt × = 140 pt
2 ft
1 qt = 58
3 s
16 oz
41. 3 lb × = 48 oz 54.
1 lb ft 1 mi 60 s 60 min
64 × × ×
ft 3 1 min 2 s 5280 ft 1 min 1h
42. 2200 × = 36 ft 3/s
min 60 s 3 7 mi
= 43
1 yd 11 h
43. 153 ft × = 51 yd
3 ft in. 1 ft 60 s ft
55. 24 × × = 120
44. s 12 in. 1 min min
3 ft × 6 ft × 4 ft = 72 ft 3 56.
lb 1 gal in. 1 ft 1 mi 60 s 60 min
72 ft 3 × 62.4 × = 538.7 gal 36 × × × ×
ft 3 8.34 lb s 12 in. 5280 ft 1 min 1h
1 mi
=2
45. chains 22 h
1 chain 1
561 ft × =8
66 ft 2
57. 1 acre
14 yd 5 ft 34 in. 60. 34,850 ft 2 × = 0.8 acres
43,560 ft 2
= 14 yd 7 ft 10 in.
61.
= 16 yd 1 ft 10 in. 16.5 ft
4 rods × = 66 ft
58. 1 rod
(8 yd 1 ft 3 in.) − (2 yd 2 ft 6 in.) 66 ft
= 22 paces
3 ft
= (8 yd 0 ft 15 in.) − ( 2 yd 2 ft 6 in.)
3 tsp
= (7 yd 3 ft 15 in.) − (2 yd 2 ft 6 in.) 62. 3 tbs × 1 tbs = 9 tsp
= 5 yd 1 ft 9 in. 4 qt
7 gal × = 28 qt
2000 lb 63. 1 gal
59. 3 ×1.5 tons × = 9000 lb
1 ton
64.
1 4 qt 2 pt 2 cups 8 fl oz
1 gal × × × × = 160 fl oz
4 1 gal 1 qt 1 pt 1 cup
160 fl oz
= 120 servings
1
1 fl oz
3
65.
2 gal = 2 gal
1 gal 1
2 qt × = gal
4 qt 2
1 qt 1 gal 3
3 pt × × = gal
2 pt 4 qt 8
1 1
gal = gal
2 2
3
=3 gal
8
Unit 1B Review
9 3 ⋅3 3 6.
1. = = 3 5
15 3⋅5 5 5 −2
8 12
48 2 ⋅3 ⋅8 8
2. = = 9 10
54 2 ⋅ 3⋅ 9 9 =5 −2
24 24
27 3 1
3. =4 r3=4 =4 33 10
6 6 2 =4 −2
24 24
4.
(3 ×5)+2 =
17
4
23
5 5 24
5 2 5 4 9 3 1 4
5. + = + = = =1 7.
6 3 6 6 6 2 2 15
8. 10.
3 5 2 1 1
= ÷1 4 ÷ 3 ×1
4 8 3 2 2
3 13 14 7 3
= ÷ = ÷ ×
4 8 3 2 2
3 8 14 2 3
= × = × ×
4 13 3 7 2
6 4 3
= = ×
13 3 2
9. =2
2 5 1
1 +3 −2 11.
3 6 4 7 1 1 5
8 10 3 7 in. −1 in. −1 in. −1 in. −1 in.
=1 +3 −2 8 2 3 12
12 12 12 21 12 8 10
18 3 = 7 in. −1 in. −1 in. −1 in. −1 in.

=4 −2 24 24 24 24
12 12 51
15 3 1 = 7 in. − 4 in.
=2 =3 =3 24
12 12 4 24 4
=6 in. − 6 in.
24 24
21 7
= in. = in.
24 8
12.
3 7 5 1
72 in. −16 in. − 24 in. −12 in. − 3 × in.
4 8 16 16
12 14 5 3
= 72 in. −16 in. − 24 in.−12 in. − in.
16 16 16 16
12 14 5 3
= 72 in. −16 in. − 24 in.−12 in. − in.
16 16 16 16
34
= 72 in. − 53 in.
24
24 10
= 71 in. − 54 in.
24 24
14 7
= 16 in. = 17 in.
24 8
13. 14.
P = 2l + 2w A = lw
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 2 ⎞
P = 2 6 in. + 2 2 in. A = 6 in. 2 in.
4 3 4 3
⎛ 25 ⎞ ⎛8 ⎞ ⎛ 25 ⎞ ⎛8 ⎞
=2 in. + 2 in. = in. in.
4 3 4 3
25 16 50 2 2
= in. + in. = in = 16 in 2
2 3 3 3
75 32 12 in.
= in. + in. 15. 4 ft × = 48 in.
6 6 1 ft
107 5
= in. = 17 in.
6 6
1 yd 60 mi 1 hr 1 min 5280 ft
16. 24 ft × = 8 yd 19. × × × = 88 ft/s
3 ft 1 hr 60 min 60 s 1 mi
16 oz 20.
17. 3 lb × 1 lb = 48 oz 14 ft 4 in. = 13 ft 16 in.
1 gal 8 ft 8 in. = 8 ft 8 in.
18. 20 qt × 4 qt = 5 gal = 5 ft 8 in.
Section 1.10: Addition and Subtraction of Decimal Fractions

1. four thousandths 26. 38.3
2. twenty-one thousandths 7
3. five ten-thousandths 27.
10
4. seven and one-tenth
6 3
5. one and four hundred twenty-one hundred- 28. =
10 5
thousandths
6. one thousand forty-two and seven thousandths 11

29.
100
7. six and ninety-two thousandths
75 3
8. eight and one thousand four hundred sixty-one 30. =
ten-thousandths 100 4
2 1 8425 337
9. 5.02 ; 5 =5 31. =
100 50 10, 000 400
6 3 14 7
10. 123.006 ; 123 = 123 32. 3 100 = 3 50
1999 500
21 76 19
11. 71.0021; 71
10, 000 33. 10 100 = 10 25
65 13 255 51
12. 0.065 ; =
1000 200 34. 148 1000 = 148 200
101 35. 150.000

13. 43.0101 ; 43
10, 000 36. 207.165
563 37. 163.204
14. 0.000563 ;
1, 000, 000 38. 244.037
15. 0.375 39. 86.6
16. 0.64 40. 1.58
17. 0.73 41. 15.308
18. 0.4 42. 123.588
19. 0.34 43. 8.68
20. 1.2 44. 8.94

45. 4.862
21. 1.27
46. 130.09
22. 5.12
47. 10.0507
23. 18.285714
48. 0.92454
24. 15.125
49. 6.25 ft − 2.4 ft − 2.4 ft = 1.45 ft , so the
25. 34.2 remaining piece will be 1.45 ft × 2.4 ft .
50. 10.25 ft +15.4 ft +14.1 ft = 39.75 ft
51. 2.3 h + 3.1 h + 5.4 h = 10.8 h 56.

3.45 cm
52. 125.5 mi +110.3 mi + 97.8 mi = 333.6 mi
1.87 cm
53.
3 1 6 1 4.87 cm
in. − in. = in. − in.
8 16 16 16 2.69 cm
5 8.32 cm
= in. = 0.3125 in.
16 4.56 cm
54. $17.33 + $11.58 + $11.58 = $40.49 25.76 cm
55.
57.
a = 2.69 cm +1.87 cm = 4.56 cm
4.17 in.
b = 8.32 cm − 3.45 cm = 4.87 cm
1.30 in.
1.00 in.
1.47 in.
7.94 in.
58. 6.573 in. − 0.938 in. − 0.688 in. −1.313 in. − 0.625 in. −1.501 in. = 1.508 in.
59. 63.
5 15.7 Ω
9.625 in. = 9 in.
8 40 Ω
5 5 25.5 Ω
9 in. ÷ 2 = 4 in. = 4.8125 in.
8 32 0.6 Ω
60. 1.125 in. − 0.046 in. − 0.046 in. = 1.033 in. 1200 Ω
61. 115 Ω
0.3 A
1396.8 Ω
0.105 A
64.
0.45 A 3.2 V
0.93 A 5.1 V
0.27 A 0.45 V
0.55 A 0.03 V
2.605 A 0.8 V
62. 0.007 V
21.5 Ω
2V
42.6 Ω
11.587 V
62.3 Ω
65. 1.625 in. −1.093 in. = 0.532 in.
19.8 Ω
66.
32.2 Ω
a = 13.47 cm − 6.74 cm − 4.89 cm
178.4 Ω
= 1.84 cm
b = 1.23 cm +1.79 cm
= 3.02 cm
c = (2.62 cm − 0.98 cm ) ÷ 2
= 0.82 cm
67. (1.94 in. −1.50 in.) ÷ 2 = 0.22 in.
68. 75.
l = 2.375 in. + 3.375 in. 3
1 gal + 0.4 gal + 0.75 gal + 0.5 gal
= 5.75 in. 4
A = 1.250 in. + 3.750 in. +1.250 in. = 1.75 gal + 0.4 gal + 0.75 gal + 0.5 gal
= 6.25 in. = 3.4 gal
69. 4.125 in. − 0.007 in. = 4.118 in. 76.

0.75 oz
70. 0.2573 in. − 0.2476 in. = 0.0097 in.
1.3 oz
71. 11.20 billion − 6.11 billion = 5.09 billion
2.5 oz
72. $114.57 + $145.36 + $99.21 = $359.14
0.1 oz
73. 1317.5 bbl
4.65 oz
74.
77.
1 1 1
2 qt +1 qt + 3 qt 2.5 lb = 2.5 lb
3 6 4
4 2 3 12 oz ÷16 oz/lb = 0.75 lb
=2 qt +1 qt + 3 qt
12 12 12 1.5 oz ÷16 oz/lb = 0.9375 lb
=6
9 3
qt = 6 qt = 6.75 qt 0.7 lb = 0.7 lb
12 4 14 oz ÷16 oz/lb = 0.875 lb
18 oz ÷16 oz/lb = 1.125 lb
= 6.0125 lb
= 6 lb
Section 1.11: Rounding Numbers
1. a. 1700 11. a. 0.1
b. 1650 b. 0.070
2. a. 1800 12. a. 3.8
b. 1760 b. 3.765
3. a. 3100 13. 600 ; 640 ; 636 ; 636.2 ; 636.18 ; 636.183
b. 3130 14. 1500 ; 1450 ; 1452 ; 1451.5 ; 1451.53 ;
4. a. 100 1451.525
b. 70 15. 17, 200 ; 17,160 ; 17,159 ; 17,159.2 ;
5. a. 18, 700 17,159.17 ; 17,159.167
b. 18, 680 16. 0 ; 10 ; 8 ; 8.2 ; 8.17 ; 8.172
6. a. 6000 17. 1, 543, 700 ; 1, 543, 680 ; 1, 543, 679 ; N/A;
N/A; N/A
b. 5970
18. 41,900 ; 41,890 ; 41,892 ; 41,892.2 ;
7. a. 3.1
41,892.16 ; 41,892.157
b. 3.142
19. 10, 600 ; 10, 650 ; 10, 650 ; 10, 649.8 ;
8. a. 0.2
10, 649.83 ; N/A
b. 0.162
20. 100 ; 80 ; 84 ; 84.0 ; 84.01 ; 84.007
9. a. 0.1
21. 600 ; 650 ; 650 ; 649.9 ; 649.90 ; 649.900
b. 0.57
22. 100 ; 150 ; 148 ; 148.0 ; 148.00 ; 147.995
10. a. 1.0
23. 237, 000
b. 0.984
24. 203
25. 0.0328 30. 23.23

26. 64, 000 31. 0.0003376
27. 72 32. 20, 700
28. 0.033 33. 1.01
29. 1, 462, 000 34. 0.00119
Section 1.12: Multiplication and Division of Decimal Fractions

1. 0.555 10. 19.4
2. 23.97 11. 248.23
3. 10.5126 12. 5197.37
4. 27, 000 13. 3676.47
5. 9, 280, 000 14. 2466.67
6. 634.5 15. 7.80
7. 30 16. 0.984
8. 3 17. 6.59
9. 15 18. 72.8
19. 22.
23 +( 2 +3 ⋅6 )
2
8 −6
2 2
4 ⋅8 + (7 + 9) (2 ⋅5 − 4)2 + 3⋅5
64 −36
= 8 +(2 +18)
2
32 +16 =
=
28 7
=
(10 − 4)2 +15
48 12 8 + 202
=
20. 62 +15
148 −3 ⋅42 8 + 400 408
= = =8
53 − 2 ⋅52 36 +15 51
148 −3 ⋅16 23.
=
125 − 2 ⋅ 25 3.6 ft
= 1.2 ft
148 −48 3
=
125 − 50 7 ft
100 24. = 1.75 ft
= 4
75 321.3 mi
4 1 25. = 119 mi/h
= =1 2.7 h
3 3
$104.06
21. 26. = $4.30/gal
24.2 gal
4 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 6 − 5⋅ 23
42 ⋅ 5 + 5 ⋅ 2 2 475 mi
27. = 27.7 mi/gal
20 ⋅ 6 − 5 ⋅8 17.12 gal
=
16 ⋅5 + 5 ⋅ 4 $565.40
120 −40 80 4 28. = $141.35

= = = 4
80 + 20 100 5
29. 35.
7 32.63 in. − 8 × 3.56 in. − 8 × 0.15 in.
12 × 8 in. = 12 × 8.875 in.
8 = 2.95 in.
= 106.5 in. 36. 32 × 0.045 in. = 1.44 in.

106.5 in. 18 in.
= 9.682 in. 37. = 3000 sheets
11 0.0060 in.
30. 38.
$24.96
= $6.24/ft (45 ft 3 in.)(64 ft 6 in.)
4 ft = (45.25 ft )(64.5 ft )
1 ft
$6.24/ft × = $0.52/in. = 2918.625 ft 2
12 in.
31. a. 8 × 4.72 m = 37.76 m 39.

V = lwh
b. 2 × 4.72 m = 9.44 m
32. 8 × 4.75 mm = 38.0 mm V = (87 ft )(42 ft )(8 ft )
3
33. = 29, 232 ft

1 3
n= ⎛1 yd ⎞ × $4.50
Cost = 29, 232 ft 3 × ⎜
p ⎝ 3 ft ⎟⎠ 1 yd 3
1
n= = $4872.00
0.0125
= 80 threads/in. 40.
2.640 in. − 2.640 in.

34. 0.018 in.
78 ft
= 24 =
0.252 in.
3.25 ft 0.018 in.
= 14 cuts
41. 4.62 in. + 7 × 0.47 in. + 6 × 6.44 in. + 4.65 in. = 51.20 in.
$535 2.0 L
42. = 20 hours 45. = 0.5 L
$26.75 4
43. 6 × 56.25 in 3 = 337.5 in 3 318 in 3

46. = 39.75 in 3
44. 6 × 0.9 L = 5.4 L 8

0.062 in.
47. a. 45, 000 mi × = 0.186 in.
15, 000 mi
b.
0.062 in.
60, 000 mi × = 0.248 in.
15, 000 mi
Thickness = 0.375 in. − 0.248 in.
= 0.127 in.
500 person h 1.7 lb
48. = 12.5 days 50. a. 300 gal × = 51 lb
5 people × 8 h/day 10 gal
gal 1 acre
49. 150 acres ×1.6 = 240 gal b. 300 gal × = 30 acres
acre 10 gal
51. The cost of one head of cattle is 56. (0.95 V )(0.0065 A ) = 0.006175 W
550 lb × $1.45/lb = $797.50 .
220 V
The revenue of one head of cattle is 57. = 6.20 A
35.5 Ω
(550 lb + 500 lb ) × $1.20/lb = $1260.00 .
1.5 V
The expected profit is $150, so the cost of the 58. =6Ω
0.25 A
weight gain is $1260.00 − $797.50 − $150.00
= $312.00 . 115 V
59. = 136.9 Ω
0.84 A
The cost of weight gain per pound is
$312.00 115 V
= $0.625/lb . 60. = 6.39 A
500 lb 18 Ω
52. 61. 3 × 0.1 mg = 0.3 mg
2 pt 62. 2 × 0.25 g = 0.5 g
20 gal × = 0.4 pt
100 gal
0.5 mg
2 pt 63. = 5 tablets
60 gal × = 1.2 pt 0.1 mg
100 gal
1.25 mg
2 pt 64. = 5 tablets
150 gal × = 3 pt 0.25 mg
100 gal
2 pt 0.868 naut. mi
350 gal × = 7 pt 65. 350 mi × 1 mi
= 303.8 naut. mi
100 gal
66. 5 ×16.0 A + 4 ×13.8 A = 135.2 A
53. 2 × π × 60 Hz × 0.25 H = 94.2 Ω
54. 2 × π × 60 Hz × 0.035 H = 13.2 Ω 67. 4.00 ft × 8.00 ft × 40.32 lb = 1290 lb

55. (6.4 V )(0.045 A ) = 0.288 W ft 2
68. 365 days × 4.4 lb/day = 1606 lb
1 ton
69. 312, 780,968 people × 4.4 lb/person × = 688, 000 tons
2000 lb
10, 240 ft 3 73.

70. 3
= 8228 bu 200 ×1.5 oz = 300 oz
1.2445 ft /bu
16 oz
71. 5 lb × = 80 oz
1 lb
V = lwh
300 oz
= 3.75 bags
V = (4 ft )(8 ft )(16 in.) × 80 oz
1 ft
512 3 12 in. 74. a. 110 × 2.2 oz = 242 oz
= ft = 42.7 ft 3 b.
12
72. 3.25 × 0.25 gal = 0.8125 gal 3. 0.06

4. 0.05
Section 1.13: Percent

1. 0.27
2. 0.15
5.5 lb ×
16 oz
=
88 oz
1
l
b
2
4
2
o
z
= 2.75, so 3 containers
8
8
o
z
c. 3 × 88 oz − 242 oz = 22 oz
5. 1.56
6. 2.32
7. 0.292
8. 0.362
9. 0.087 1 1
43. = 0.125 = 12 % or 12.5%
10. 1.287 8 2
11. 9.478 2
44. = 0.4 = 40%
12. 0.6829 5
13. 0.0028 1 4 2
45. = 0.16 r 4 = 16 % = 16 %
14. 0.0078 6 6 3
15. 0.00068 1 1
46. = 0.33 r 1 = 33 %
16. 0.000093 3 3
1 4 4
17. 4 % = 4.25% = 0.0425 47. = 0.44 r 4 = 44 %
4 93 69
1 = 0.42 r 6 = 42 %
18. 9 % = 9.5% = 0.095 48.
2 7 7
3 3
19. % = 0.375% = 0.00375 49. = 0.60 = 60%
8 5
1 5 2 1
20. 50 % = 50.3% = 0.503 50. = 0.83 r 2 = 83 % = 83 %
3 6 6 3
21. 54% 13 1
51. = 0.325 = 32.5% or 32 %
22. 25% 40 2
17
23. 8% 52. = 0.34 = 34%
50
24. 2%
7 3
25. 62% 53. = 0.4375 = 43.75% or 43 %
16 4
26. 79%
15 3
27. 217% 54. = 0.9375 = 93.75% or 93 %
16 4
28. 34.5% 96
55. = 2.40 = 240%
29. 435% 40
30. 22.5% 100
56. = 6.25 = 625%
31. 18.5% 16
32. 625%
3
33. 29.7% 57. 1 = 1.75 = 175%
4
34. 711%
1 7 1
35. 519% 58. 2 = = 2.33 r 1 = 233 %
3 3 3
36. 81.5%
5 29 8 2
37. 1.87% 59. 2 = = 2.41 r 8 = 241 % = 241 %
12 12 12 3
38. 3.42%
3 1
39. 0.29% 60. 5 = 5.375 = 537.5% or 537 %
63.
40. 0.062%
4 61.
41. = 0.8 = 80%
5
3 62.
42. = 0.75 = 75%
4
8 2
75 3
75% = =
100 4
45 9
45% = =
100 20
16 4
16% = =
100 25
80 4 7 807 807 1 807

64. 80% = = 76. 40 %= %= × =
100 5 20 20 20 100 2000
60 3 1 69 69 1 69
65. 60% = 100 = 5 77. 17 4 % = 4 % = 4 × 100 = 400
15 3 1 19 19 1 19
66. 15% = 100 = 20 78. 6 3 % = 3 % = 3 × 100 = 300
93 1 97 97 1 97
67. 93% = 100 79. 16 6 % = 6 % = 6 × 100 = 600
32 8 1 577 577 1 577
32% = = 72 % = %= × =
68. 100 25 80. 8 8 8 100 800
275 11 3
275% = = =2 81.
69. 100 4 4
Fraction Decimal Percent
325 13 1
325% = = =3 3
70. 100 4 4 0.375 37.5%
8
125 5 1
125% = = =1 45 9
71. 100 4 4 = 0.45 45%
100 20
150 3 1
150% = = =1 18 9
100 2 2 = 0.18 18%
72. 100 50
3 43 43 1 43
10 % = %= × = 2
4 4 4 100 400 1 1.4 140%
73. 5
2 67 67 1 67
13 % = %= × = 8 2
5 5 5 100 500 1 =1 1.08 108%
74. 100 25
7 107 107 1 107
10 %= %= × = 1675 67 3
10 10 10 100 1000 = 0.1675 16 %
75. 1000 40 4
Section 1.14: Rate, Base, and Part

1. P = 60 ; R = 25% ; B = 240 6. P = 25; R = unknown; B = 28
1 7. P = 21; R = 60%; B = unknown
2. P = $100 ; R = 33 % ; B = $300
3
8. P = unknown; R = 10%; B = 15, 000
3. P = 108 ; R = 40% ; B = 270
9. P = 2050; R = 6%; B = unknown
4. P = 72 ; R = 15% ; B = 480
10. P = $90; R = unknown; B = $500
5. P = unknown; R = 4%; B = 28, 000
11. 12.
P = BR P = BR
P = ($32,500 )(0.08) P = ($2870 )(0.06)
= $2600 = $172.20
Her new salary is $32, 500 + $2600 = $35,100. His new monthly salary is
$2870 + $172.20 = $3042.20 so his new
annual salary is
12 × $3042.20 = $36,506.40.
13. a. 19.
10%; $5.49 + $3.28 + $7.22 + $2.12 = $18.11 P = BR
$18.11 − 0.10 × $18.11 = $16.30 P = (48)(2.35)
20%; $12.57 + $22.12 + $17.88 = $52.57 = 112.8
$52.57 − 0.20 × $52.57 = $42.06 20.
30%; $38.42 + $40.12 + $35.18 = $113.72 P
R=
$113.72 − 0.30 × $113.72 = $79.60 B
Total; $16.30 + $42.06 + $79.61 = $137.96 1
b. 137.96 + 0.0625 ×137.96 = $146.58 R = 15
1
14. 8
P 8
B= = = 0.533 = 53.3%
R 15
2040 21.
B=
0.75 P = BR
= 2720
P = (32 V )(0.28)
15. = 8.96 V
3 ft
880 yd × = 2650 ft 22.
1 yd P = BR
R=
P P = (50 )(1.10 )
B
= 55
2650 ft
R= 23.
5280 ft
= 0.5 = 50% P
R=
16. B
97
P R=
B= 130
R = 0.746 = 74.6%
0.35 mi
B= 24.
0.04
= 8.75 mi P = BR
P = (115 welds )(0.92 )
17.
P = 106 welds
B=
R 25.
$72
B= R=
P
0.045
B
= $1600
24 h
R=
18. 65 h
P = 0.369 = 36.9%
R=
B 26.
3.5 Total hours = 1.5 h + 0.4 h = 1.9 h
R=
7.15
P
= 0.490 = 49.0% R=
B
0.4 h
R=
1.9 h
= 0.211 = 21.1%
27. 33.
P 3
R= lb 2
B Chemical: 160 acre × 4
0.3 qt 1 acre
R= = 440 lb
4.5 qt
= 0.067 = 6.7% Active ingredients: 440 lb × 0.80 = 352 lb
Inert ingredients: 440 lb − 352 lb = 88 lb
28.
P 34.
R= 60 lb × 0.39 = 23.4 lb
B
1.5 lb/h 45 bu 23.4 lb
R= 120 acre × × = 126,360 lb
2 lb/h 1 acre 1000 ft 2
= 0.75 = 75% 35.
1 gal
29. 7310 lb × = 850 gal
P 8.6 lb
R= Butterfat = 850 gal × 0.42 = 35.7 gal
B
2400 ft 3 −1920 ft 3 36.
R=
2400 ft 3 ( )
Seeded area = 18, 400 ft 2 (0.60 )
480 ft 3
= = 11, 040 ft 2
2400 ft 3
2 lb
= 0.20 = 20% Seed required = 11, 040 ft 2 ×
1000 ft 2
30. = 22 lb
1 1
Window area = 78 ft ×12 ft × 0.20 37.
2 6
P
= 191 ft 2 R=
B
Area of 1 window = (2 ft )(6 ft ) = 12 ft 2 150 −39

R=
191 ft 2 150
= 15.9 = 74%
12 ft 2
38.
Fifteen windows could be drawn on the wall.
P = BR
31.
P = (500 ml)(0.15)
P
B= = 75 ml
R
20 ft 39.
B= P = BR
0.03
= 666.7 ft P = (250 ml )(0.03)
A = 666.7 ft +100 ft = 766.7 ft = 7.5 ml
32. 40.
3 P = BR
66 ft × + 3 in. = 49 ft 6 in. + 3 in.
4 P = (2000 ml)(0.0015)
= 49 ft 9 in.
= 3 ml
41. 42.
P change
R= Percent increase = ×100%
B original value
25 ml 128 V −115 V
R= Percent increase = ×100%
1000 ml 115 V
= 0.025 = 2.5% = 11.3%
43.
change
Percent increase = ×100%
original value
115 lb/in 2 − 75 lb/in 2
Percent increase = ×100%
75 lb/in 2
= 53.3%
44. 50.
change P
Percent decrease = ×100% R=
original value B
$93, 500 −$75, 400 59
Percent decrease = ×100% R=
$93,500 125
= 19.4% = 0.472 = 47.2%
45. 51.
P
change R=
Percent decrease = ×100% B
original value
187
$25.50 −$21.88 R=
Percent decrease = ×100% 250
$25.50
= 0.748 = 74.8%
= 14.2%
52.
46. Population = 135 + 42 − 7 − 3 − 5 −10
change
Percent increase = ×100% = 152
original value
change
6500 ft 2 Percent increase = ×100%
Percent increase = ×100% original value
28, 000 ft 2
152 −135
= 23.2% Percent increase = ×100%
135
47. First item: $100.00 − 0.55 × $100.00 = $45. = 0.126 = 12.6%
Second item: 53. a.
$100.00 − 0.40 × $100.00 = $60.00 P = BR
$60.00 − 0.15 × $60.00 = $51.00 ( )
P = 25 deer/mi 2 (0.40 )
48. = 10 deer/mi 2
P = BR
2 2
Population = 25 deer/mi +10 deer/mi
P = ($22.15)(0.32)
2
= $7.09 = 35 deer/mi
New salary = $22.15 + $7.09 = $29.24
49.
P = BR
P = (1640 lb )(0.95)
= 1558 lb
53. (continued) 56.

b. P = BR
P = BR P = (70 lb )(0.17 )
(
P = 35 deer/mi 2
) (0.40) = 11.9 lb
= 14 deer/mi 2 Remaining = 70 lb −11.9 lb = 58.1 lb
Population = 35 deer/mi 2 +14 deer/mi 2 57.

Total Cost
= 45 deer/mi 2 22 × $1.33 = $29.26
14 × $3.89 = $54.46
54. a. 12 × $6.49 = $77.88
P = BR 6 × $7.43 = $44.58
P = ( 4.6 lb )(0.25) 6 × $8.76 = $52.56
= 1.15 lb 6 × $5.54 = $33.24
Average per day = 4.6 lb −1.15 lb = 3.45 lb 5 × $6.45 = $32.25
4 × $2.09 = $8.36
b.
1 ton 120 × $1.69 = $202.80
3.45 lb × 75, 000 × 365 × 32 × $48.00 = $1536
2000 lb
= 47, 200 tons Total $2, 071.39
Less 5% $103.57
c.
Cash Discount
100% − 30% = 70%
Net 30 Days
P Net Total
B= $1,967.82
R
73, 500 tons
B=
0.70
= 105, 000 tons
55.
Total cost = $5.66
P
B=
R
$5.66
B=
0.34
= $16.65
58.
Net Weight Pound No. of Bushels Amount
12400 207 $1,173.69
26720 − 9240 = 17480 17480 / 60 = 291 291× $5.71 = $1661.61
20240 − 7480 = 12760 12760 / 60 = 213 213 × $5.74 = $1222.62
28340 − 9200 = 19140 19140 / 60 = 319 319 × $5.81 = $1853.39
26760 − 9160 = 17600 17600 / 60 = 293 293 × $5.76 = $1687.68
17880 − 7485 = 10395 10395 / 60 = 173 173 × $5.76 = $996.48
25620 − 9080 = 16540 16540 / 60 = 276 276 × $11.72 = $3234.72
21560 − 7640 = 13920 13920 / 60 = 232 232 × $11.69 = $2712.08
26510 − 9060 = 17450 17450 / 60 = 291 291× $11.68 = $3398.88
22630 − 7635 = 14995 14995 / 60 = 250 250 × $11.65 = $2912.5
22920 − 9220 = 13700 13700 / 60 = 228 228 × $11.72 = $2672.16
20200 − 7660 = 12540 12540 / 60 = 209 209 × $11.81 = $2468.29
25880 − 9160 = 16720 16720 / 60 = 279 279 × $11.9 = $3320.1
21300 − 7675 = 13625 13625 / 60 = 227 227 × $11.84 = $2687.68
18200 − 7665 = 10535 10535 / 60 = 176 176 × $11.79 = $2075.04
26200 − 9150 = 17050 17050 / 56 = 304 304 × $4.68 = $1422.72
22600 − 7650 = 14950 14950 / 56 = 267 267 × $4.65 = $1241.55
27100 − 9080 = 18020 18020 / 56 = 322 322 × $4.66 = $1500.52
22550 − 7635 = 14915 14915 / 56 = 266 266 × $4.61 = $1226.26
23600 − 7680 = 15920 15920 / 56 = 284 284 × $4.59 = $1303.56
26780 − 9160 = 17620 17620 / 56 = 315 315 × $4.63 = $1458.45
28310 − 9200 = 19110 19110 / 56 = 341 341 × $4.69 = $1599.29
21560 − 7665 = 13895 13895 / 56 = 248 248 × $4.67 = $1158.16
25750 − 9160 = 16590 16590 / 56 = 296 296 × $4.65 = $1376.4
Total 45190.14
59. 60.
66 × $7.97 = $526.02 Net Price

30 × $3.95 = $118.50 3($18.58 − 0.40 × $18.58)
14 × $3.39 = $47.46 = $33.44
17 × $6.59 = $112.03
5($65.10 − 0.25 × $65.10)
4 × $12.10 = $48.40
= $244.13
9 × $5.39 = $48.51
5($73.95 − 0.25 × $73.95)
7 × $4.97 = $34.79
10 × $11.97 = $119.70 = $277.31
6 × $16.89 = $101.34 8($43.90 − 0.25 × $43.90)
11 × $18.55 = $204.05 = $263.40
15 × $24.25 = $363.75 2($124.60 − 0.20 × $124.60)
27 × $16.95 = $457.65 = $199.36
7 × $14.39 = $100.73 5($18.80 − 0.15 × $18.80)
1 × $24.96 = $24.96 = $79.90
10 × $10.37 = $103.7 Subtotal $1097.54
27 × $19.85 = $535.95
Less 5% if $1097.54 × 0.05 = $54.877
7 × $12.25 = $85.75 paid in 30
1 × $17.85 = $17.85 days
7 × $12.19 = $85.33 Total $1042.66
8 × $3.49 = $27.92
3 × $17.65 = $52.95
80 × $17.29 = $1383.2
7 × $20.65 = $144.55
$5428.59 − $108.57
1 × $33.59 = $33.59
3 × $34.97 = $104.91
250 × $2.18 = $545
Subtotal $5428.59
Less 2% $5428.59 × 0.02
Discount = $108.57
Subtotal $5428.59 − $108.57
= $5320.02
5 ¾% $5320.02 × 0.0575 = $305.90
Sales Tax
NET $5320.02 + $305.90 = $5625.92
TOTAL
Section 1.15: Powers and Roots

1. 225 6. 2,940, 000,000
2. 625 7. 729
3. 222 8. 2740
4. 0.000778 9. 562
5. 0.00000661 10. 0.0000114
11. 0.00483 17. 68.9

12. 15,300 18. 0.0806
13. 157 19. 42.4
14. 276, 000 20. 2.12
15. 2.96 21. 0.198
16. 112 22. 8.78
Section 1.16: Applications Involving Percent: Business and Personal Finance

1. a. 5.
i = prt nt
⎛ r⎞
A = P ⎝⎜1 + ⎠⎟
i = ($2000 )(0.05)(3) n
= $300 ( 2)(8)
⎛ 0.055 ⎞
A = $15, 000 ⎜1 +
b. ⎝ 2 ⎠⎟
principle +interest
= $15, 000 (1.0275)
16
payment =
loan period
= $23,152.64
$2000 +$300
payment = 6.
36
= $63.89 ⎛ r⎞
nt
A = P ⎜1 + ⎟
2. ⎝ n⎠
i = prt (4)(5)
⎛ 0.075 ⎞
i = ($2500 )(0.045)( 2) A = $6000 ⎜1 + ⎟
4
⎝ ⎠
= $225
= $6000 (1.01875)
20
3.
nt = $8699.69
⎛ r⎞
A = P ⎜1 + ⎟ 7.
⎝ n⎠
P = $150, 000
⎛ (4)(4)
0.065 ⎞ i = 0.065 /12
A = $7500 ⎜1 + ⎟⎠
⎝ 4 n = 30 ×12 = 360
= $7500 (1.01625)
16
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
= $9706.67 = (1+ i )n −1 ⎟⎠
4. 360 ⎞
⎛
nt ⎞ ⎛
⎛ r⎞
⎛ 0.065 ⎞ 0.065
⎜ ⎜⎝ ⎟ ⎜1+ ⎟
A = P ⎜1 + ⎟ ⎜ 12
⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎟ ⎟
⎝ n⎠ A $150, 000
360
⎜ ⎛ ⎟
( 2)(6)
0.065 ⎞
⎛ 0.0575 ⎞ ⎜ 1+ −1 ⎟
12
A = $10,500 ⎜1 + ⎝ ⎠
⎝ ⎟⎠
2 = $948.10
= $10,500 (1.02875)
12
= $14, 753.92
8. 10.
P = $75, 000 P = ([$45, 500 − $4500 ]) × 0.80 = $32,800
i = 0.0625 /12 i = 0.0725 /12
n = 15 ×12 = 180 n = 5 × 12 = 60
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
( )n
A= P⎜ ⎟ i 1+ i
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1+ i ) −1 ⎟⎠
n
⎜⎝ (1 + i ) − 1 ⎟⎠
n
⎛ ⎛ 0.0625 ⎞ ⎛ 0.0625
180 ⎞ ⎛ 60 ⎞
⎞ ⎛ 0.0725⎞ ⎛ 0.0725 ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎜1 + ⎟ 1
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎟⎠ ⎝ 12 ⎠⎝ 12 ⎠
⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎜⎜ ⎟⎜ + ⎟ ⎟
A = $75, 000 12 12
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ 1+ 0.0625 180 60
⎟
⎜ ⎜⎝ A = $32, 800 ⎛ 0.0725 ⎞
⎝ 12 ⎞⎟ −1 ⎟ ⎜ ⎜1 + 12 ⎟ −1 ⎟
⎠ ⎜
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
= $643.07 = $653.36
9.
Price = 275 acres × $4100/acre
= $1,127,500
P = $1,127,500 × 0.75 = $845, 625
i = 0.0675
n = 20
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1 + i )n −1 ⎟⎠
⎛ 0.0675(1 +0.0675)20 ⎞
A = $845, 625 ⎜ ⎟
⎜⎝ (1 + 0.0675)20 −1
= $78, 276.71
The annual payment is $6429.83 ×12

= $77,157.96 .
11. a.
P = $24, 000
i = 0.0075 /12
n = 3 × 12 = 36
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1 + i )n − 1 ⎟⎠
⎛ ⎛ 0.0075 ⎞ ⎛ 0.0075 ⎞
36 ⎞
⎜ 1+ ⎟
12 ⎝⎜ 12
A = $24, 000 ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ 0.0075 ⎞
36
⎟
⎜ ⎜1 + ⎟ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎠
= $674.40
Total payment = $674.40 × 36 = $24, 278.40
11. (continued)
b.
P = $24, 000 − $1500 = $22, 500
i = 0.085 /12
n = 3 × 12 = 36
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1 + i )n − 1 ⎟⎠
⎛ ⎛ 0.0.085⎞ ⎛ 0.0.085 ⎞
36 ⎞
⎜ 1+ ⎟
12 ⎝⎜ 12
A = $22, 500 ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ 0.0.085 ⎞
36
⎟
⎜ ⎜1 + ⎟ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎠
= $710.27
Total payment = $710.27 × 36 = $25, 569.71

Choice a costs $25,569.71 − $24, 278.51 = $1291.20 less.
12. a.
P = $19, 500
i = 0.0175 /12
n = 3 × 12 = 36
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1 + i )n − 1 ⎟⎠
⎛ ⎛ 0.0175⎞ ⎛ 0.0175 ⎞
36 ⎞
⎜ 1+ ⎟
12 ⎝⎜ 12
A = $19, 500 ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ 0.0175 ⎞
36
⎟
⎜ ⎜1 + ⎟ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎠
= $556.40
Total payment = $556.40 × 36 = $20, 030.40

b.
P = $19, 500 − $2500 = $17, 000
i = 0.065 /12
n = 3 × 12 = 36
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1 + i )n − 1 ⎟⎠
⎛ ⎛ 0.065 ⎞ ⎛ 0.065 ⎞
36 ⎞
⎜ 1+ ⎟
12 ⎝⎜ 12
A = $17, 000 ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ 0.065 ⎞
36
⎟
⎜ ⎜1 + ⎟ −1 ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 12 ⎠ ⎠
= $521.03
Total payment = $521.03 × 36 = $18, 757.08
Choice b costs $20, 030.57 − $18, 757.19 = $1273.38 less.
13.
P = $220,500 − $4500 − $9500 − $8000 = $198,500
i = 0.08
n=4
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1+ i )n −1 ⎟⎠
⎛ (0.08)(1 +0.08)4 ⎞
A = $198,500 ⎜ ⎟
⎜⎝ (1+ 0.08)4 −1
= $59,931.28
14.
Dealer price = $150,500 × (1+ 0.035 + 0.0095 ) = $157,197.25

P = $157,197.25 − $7500 − $10, 000 = $139, 697.25
i = 0.0725
n=5
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1+ i )n −1 ⎟⎠
⎛ (0.0725)(1 +0.0725)5 ⎞
A = $139, 697.25 ⎜ ⎟
(1+ 0.0725)5 −1
= $34, 299.23
15. 18.
nt nt
⎛ r⎞ ⎛ r⎞
A = P ⎜1 + A = P ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ n ⎟⎠ ⎝ n⎠
(1)(3) (52)(3)
⎛ 0.05 ⎞ ⎛ 0.05 ⎞
A = $30, 000 ⎜1 + ⎟ A = $30, 000 ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 52 ⎠
= $30, 000 (1.05)

3 = $34,852.52
= $34, 728.75 19.

nt
⎛ r⎞
16. A = P ⎜1 + ⎟
nt ⎝ n⎠
⎛ r⎞
A = P ⎜1 + ⎟ (12)(5)
⎛ ⎞
⎝ n⎠ A = $8400 ⎜1 +
0.035
⎟
(12)(3) ⎝ 12 ⎠
⎛ 0.05 ⎞
A = $30, 000 ⎜1 + ⎟ = $10, 003.92
⎝ 12 ⎠
= $34,844.17 20.
nt
⎛ r⎞
17. A = P ⎜1 + ⎟
nt ⎝ n⎠
⎛ r⎞
A = P ⎜1 + ⎟ (52)(4)
⎛ ⎞
⎝ n⎠ A = $4000 ⎜1 +
0.055
⎟
(365)(3) ⎝ 52 ⎠
⎛ 0.05 ⎞
A = $30, 000 ⎜1 + ⎟ = $4983.73
⎝ 365 ⎠
= $34,854.67
21.
P = $37,500 − $37,500 × 0.10 + $37,500 × 0.06
= $36, 000
i = 0.042 /12 = 0.0035
n = 3 ×12 = 36
⎛ i(1 +i )n ⎞
A= P⎜ ⎟
(1+ i )n −1 ⎟⎠
⎛ 0.0035(1 +0.0035)36 ⎞
A = $36, 000 ⎜ ⎟
⎜⎝ (1+ 0.0035)36 −1
= $1066.07
22.
Discount amount = (0.02 )($12, 000 ) = $240

Discount amount Number of days per year
Interest = ×
Invoice amount − Discount amount Number of days paid early
$240 365
Interest = × = 37.2%
$12, 000 − $240 20
23.
Discount amount = (0.03)($15,870 ) = $476.10
Interest = ×
$476.10 365
$15,870 − $476.10 20
24.
Discount amount = (0.02 )($3000 ) = $60
Interest = ×
$60 365
$3000 − $60 18
25.
Discount amount = (0.025)($129,115.23) = $3227.88
Interest = ×
$3227.88 365
$129,115.23 − $3227.88 20
26.
Discount amount = (0.02 )($22, 000 ) = $440
Interest = ×
$440 365
$22, 000 − $440 30
27.
Discount amount = (0.01)($21,500 ) = $215
Interest = ×
$215 365
$21,500 − $215 10
28.
Discount amount = (0.015)($16, 000 ) = $240
Interest = ×
$240 365
$16, 000 − $240 20
Unit 1C Review
1. 1.625 13. 0.25
45 9 14. 72.4
2. =
100 20 15.
3. 10.129 P = BR
4. 116.935 P = ( 420 )(0.165)
5. 5.854 = 69.3
6. 55.6 ft −15.0 ft −15.0 ft = 25.6 ft 16.
7. P
B=
55.6 ft R
15.0 ft 240
B=
15.0 ft 0.12
= 2000
9.5 ft
25.6 ft 17.
P
9.5 ft R=
15.0 ft B
96 yd
15.0 ft R=
240 yd
160.2 ft = 40.0%
8. a. 45.1 18.
b. 45.06 P = BR
9. a. 45.1 P = ($16.50 )(0.06)
b. 45.06 = $0.99
10. 0.11515 Her new salary is
11. 18.85 $16.50 + $0.99 = $17.49/h .
12. 18.5 in. ÷ 2.75 in. = 6 r 2 . Six cables could be 19. 2110
cut and there would be 2 in. remaining. 20. 9.40
Chapter 1 Review
1. 8243 2. 55,197
3. 9,178, 000 7.
18 ÷ 2 × 5 ÷ 3 − 6 + 4 × 7
4. 226 r 240
= 9 × 5 ÷ 3 − 6 + 28
5.
12 − 3 (5 − 2 ) = 45 ÷ 3 − 6 + 28
= 15 − 6 + 28
= 12 − 3 (3)
= 37
= 12 − 9
8.
=3
18 / (5 − 3) + (6 − 2) × 8 −10
6.
= 18 / 2 + 4 × 8 −10
(6 + 4 ) 8 ÷ 2 + 3
= 9 + 32 −10
= (10) 8 ÷ 2 + 3
= 31
= 80 ÷ 2 + 3
= 40 + 3
= 43
9.
Area of upper rectangle: 12 cm × 5 cm = 60 cm 2
Area of lower rectangle: 10 cm × 28 cm = 280 cm 2

10.
Volume of left box: 10 cm ×1 cm ×1 cm = 10 cm3
Volume of middle box: 10 cm ×1 cm ×1 cm = 10 cm 2
Volume of right box: 10 cm ×1 cm ×1 cm = 10 cm 2
Total Volume: = 30 cm 2
11. 12.
5
C = ( F − 32 ) P=
Fs t
9
5 P=
(600)(50)
C = (50 − 32) 10
9
30, 000
5 =
= (18) 10
9
= 3000
= 10
13. 4 + 6 + 0 = 10 is not divisible by 3, so 28 is not 18 18 3 3

divisible by 3. 19. 3 = 3+ = 3+3 =6
5 5 5 5
14. 54 = 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 ⋅3
5 ( 2 ×8)+5 21
15. 330 = 2 ⋅3⋅5 ⋅11 20. 2 = =
8 8 8
36 9 ⋅4 9
16. = = 7 (3 ×16)+7 55
56 14 ⋅ 4 14 21. 3 = =
16 16 16
180 5 ⋅36 5
17. = = 16
=2
216 6 ⋅36 6 22. 8
1
18. 4
6
23. 1
1 5 5 29.
+ + 4
4 12 6 30.
3 5 10 6 2
= + + 3 ×4
12 12 12 7 3
18 3 1
= = =1 27 14
12 2 2 = ×
7 3
24. = 18
29 7
− 31.
36 30 3
145 42 ÷6
= − 8
180 180 3 1
103 = ×
= 8 6
180 1
=
25. 16
3 5
5 +9 32.
16 12 2 7
9 20 ÷1
= 5 +9 3 9
48 48 2 16
29 = ÷
= 14 3 9
48 2 9
= ×
3 16
26. 3 7 3
6 −4 =
8 12 8
9 14
=6 −4
24 24 4 9 2
33. 1 ÷1 ×11
33 14
=5 −4 5 16 3
24 24 9 25 35
19 = ÷ ×
=1 5 16 3
24 9 16 35
27. = × ×
5 25 3
2 144 35
18 − 6
5 = ×
125 3
5 2 336 11
= 17 − 6
5 5 = = 13
25 25
3
= 11
5
28.
2 1 11
16 +1 − 12
3 4 12
8 3 11
= 16 +1 −12
12 12 12
11 11
= 17 − 12
12 12
=5
34. 51. a. 200

5 3 9 b. 248.2
A = 12 in. − 4 in. − 4 in.
5 6 9
= 12 in. − 4 in. − 4 in. 52. a. 5.6
16 16 16
5 15
= 12 in. − 8 in.
16 16 c. 5.6491
21 15 15
= 11 in. − 8 in. 53. 15% = = 0.15
16 16 100
6 3 1
=3 in. = 3 in. 54. 8 % = 8.25% = 0.0825
16 8 4
3 5 1
B=9 in. − 6 in. + 2 in. 55. 6.5%
32 32 2
56. 120%
3 16 5
=9 in. + 2 in. − 6 in. 57.
32 32 32 P = BR
19 5
= 11 in. − 6 in. P = ($12, 000 )(0.0875)
32 32
14 7 = $1050
=5 in. = 5 in.
32 16 58.
Fraction Decimal Percent
1 0.25 25%
⎛ 16 oz ⎞
35. 6 lb 9 oz = 6 lb × + 9 oz = 105 oz 4
3 0.375 1
1 lb 37 %
8 2
12 in.
36. 168 ft × = 2016 in. 5 1 1
1 ft 0.83 83 %
6 3 3
1 yd
37. 72 ft × 3 ft = 24 yd 8
3 8.75 875%
4
1760 yd 2.4 240%
38. 36 mi × 3 mi = 63,360 yd
2
2
5
39. 0.5625 3 0.0015 0.15%
40. 0.416 2000
45 9
41. =
100 20
59.
625 5
42. 19 = 19 P
1000 8 R=
B
43. 168.278
$32, 000
44. 17.25 R=
$84, 000
45. 68.665 = 38.1%
46. 33.72
60.
47. 3206.5 P
R=
48. 1.9133 B
49. 3.18 11
50. 20.6 64 11 32
R= = ×
13 64 13
32
= 42.3%
61. 60 tons × 0.80 = 48 tons 7 9 14 9 5

63. in. − in. = in. − in. = in.
62. 8 16 16 16 16
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 64.
6× 3 in. + 5 × in. + 2 × 1 in.
⎜ 16 ⎟ ⎜4 ⎟ ⎜ 8 ⎟ Height = 20 in. + 2 × 5 in. = 30 in.
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 49 ⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎛9 ⎞ Length = 4 ×10 in. +1 in. = 41 in.
= 6× in. + 5 × in. + 2 × in.
16 4 8 The sheet of cardboard would have to be
147 5 9 30 in. × 41 in.

= in. + in. + in.
8 4 4 65. 4020
147 10 18 66. 139
= in. + in. + in.
8 8 8
7
= 21 in.
8
Chapter 1 Test
1. 5729 3. 2,584.450
2. 3516 4. 1600
5. 6.
8 + 2 (5 × 6 + 8 ) 15 − 9 ÷ 3 + 3 × 4
= 8 + 2 (30 + 8) = 15 − 3 +12 = 24
= 8 + 2 (38)
= 8 + 76 = 84
7.
Area of upper rectangle: 10 m × 40 m = 400 m 2
Area of middle rectangle: 10 m ×15 m = 150 m 2
Area of lower rectangle: 10 m × 20 m = 200 m 2
Total area: = 750 m 2
8.
Volume of outer box: 10 in. ×12 in. × 20 in. = 2400 in 3

Volume of missing corner: 3 in. × 4 in.× 20 in. = 240 in 3
Total Volume: = 2160 in 3

120 V 11.
9. =3A
40 Ω d
t=
10. r
P = 2l + 2w t=
1050
P = 2 (20) + 2 (15) 21
= 50
= 40 + 30
12.
= 70
P = 2a + b
P = 2 (36 ) +15
= 72 +15
= 87
13. 90 = 2 ⋅3 ⋅3 ⋅5 25.
14. 220 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅5 ⋅11 3 5
÷3 = ÷
3 53
8 16 8 16
30 15 ⋅2 15
15. = = 3 16
64 32 ⋅ 2 32 = ×
8 53
28 2 ⋅14 2
16. = = =
6
42 3⋅14 3 53
23 5
17. =3r5=3 3
6 6 26.
40
1 3 ×4 +1 13 27.
18. 3 = =
4 4 4 5 3 1 29 7 31
3 +1 × 6 = + ×
3 1 3 2 5 8 4 5 8 4 5
19. + = + =
8 4 8 8 8 29 217
= +
5 5 10 5 5 8 20
20. − = − = 145 434
16 32 32 32 32 = +
21. 40 40
579 19
1
3 =3
1 = = 14
8 8 40 40
1 4
2 =2 28.
P = 2l + 2w
2 8
3 6 ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
4 =4 P = 2 4 +2 2
4 8 4 2
11 3 ⎛19 ⎞ ⎛5⎞
9 = 10 =2 +2
8 8 4 2
22. 19 10
= +
1 5 2 2
10 − 3
8 16 29 1
= = 14
2 5 2 2
= 10 − 3
16 16
29.
18 5 5 3 5
= 9 −3 3 A+2 A+4 A
16 16 8 4 16
13 10 12 5
=6 =3 A+2 A+4 A
16 16 16 16
27 11
23. =9 A = 10 A
5 3 1 16 16
3+ 2 −1
8 16 4
10 3 4 30. 1 yd
= 3 + 2 −1 120 ft × = 40 yd
16 16 16 3 ft
13 4
= 5 −1 ⎛ 16 oz ⎞
16 16 31. 3 lb 5 oz = ⎜ 3 lb × ⎟ + 5 oz = 53 oz
⎝ 1 lb ⎠
9
=4 5
16 32. = 0.625
3 16 3 8 ⋅2 2 8
24. × = × =
8 27 8 9⋅3 9 12 3
33. 2.12 = 2 =2
100 25
34. 65.024 40.

35. 397.19 P
R=
36. a. 27.3 B
88
b. 27.28 R=
284
37. 8.0784 = 31.0%
38. 0.05
41.
39. P = BR
B=
P P = ($612 )(0.067 )
R
= $41
59.45
B= Her new salary is $612 + $41 = $653.
0.41
= 145 42. 0.0552

43. 6.73
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“Don’t cry—it will be all right—tell your mother it will be all right—
don’t thank me.”
“How can I thank you?”
“By not thanking me—Flueyn’s an excellent chap—no, I won’t
come and have cocoa, thank you. I never drink it at night. You will be
all right? Then you will forgive me if I go home; I have letters to write.
I won’t forget, only don’t build on it—because—”
“I have built—it’s finished—all but the roof.”
Marcus looked at her—there were tears in her eyes. “Please don’t
look so—happy,” he said; “it frightens me.”
On his way back to the hotel, he called in to see Mrs. Sloane. She
was delighted to see him and to hear his news.
“Tell me all about it—begin at the very beginning. Tell me first
about the young man.”
“He’s very big and I should say wonderfully healthy: has lots of
hair—fair! It stands on end at the slightest provocation. He laughs, I
should imagine, tremendously. Out of office hours he would be
boisterous, I am sure of that—but none of her family will mind
—‘Auntie’ wouldn’t hear him if he wasn’t. He plays games, I believe
—I don’t know what else to tell you. You see I didn’t know him—I
didn’t even know how to pronounce his name.”
“But you ought to have known him. He sounds so eminently
desirable.”
“For her—yes, but he would jar upon you a thousand times a day.”
“That would be my fault—it’s a bad thing for a woman when she
grows too fragile, too exotic, to stand a boisterous laugh. You are
very gentle, my friend, to an old woman.... I told Shan’t I felt very old
to-day, and she said, so kindly: ‘You’re not so old as Moses would
have been if he had lived.’”
She put out her hand and Marcus took it and held it as delicately
and as carefully as he would have held a vase of the Ming period.
“The Flueyns must be happy,” she said. “You will see that they
are.”
“I have very little influence—really.”
“Is that quite true?”
“Not quite.”
Mrs. Sloane said that was rather a comfort to her because she had
a confession to make. She had not been quite—well, truthful herself.
Marcus was a little alarmed. He could not imagine an elderly woman
in a bath-chair departing in any way from the path of goodness and
righteousness. He asked what she had to confess and asked it so
charmingly that she vowed he had missed his vocation in life. “You
would forgive so nicely,” she explained.
“Hardly as nicely as you would tell a—lie,” he suggested.
“A lie is perhaps a little too strong—no, I suppose it’s not—I led
you to believe I did not know Shan’t, whereas I know her very well:
and of course I know Elsie. I live in Bestways, and I have known her
for a long time, and the longer I know her the better I love her. Now,
am I forgiven?”
“The best thing I have heard of her is that you are her friend,” said
Marcus.
“How nice of you—to tell an untruth so charmingly! But tell me why
you dislike each other so much? It was in order to find out if Elsie
was justified in her ridiculous attitude towards you that I did not tell
you who I was.”
“Does she really dislike me?” asked Marcus. “Why should she? I
have never done anything to her.”
Mrs. Sloane asked him if he hadn’t made the children rather fond
of him.
“But surely she couldn’t mind that?”
“Why do you dislike her?”
“I don’t; but she is always trying to keep the children away from
me.”
“I see very little difference between you,” said Mrs. Sloane; and
after what she had said about Elsie, Marcus was obliged to say he
was glad of that.
When Marcus reached the hotel he was met by the hall porter,
who astonished him by saying: “I’m a family man myself, sir, you will
excuse me—but will you go upstairs at once? I was told to say—
directly you came in.”
Marcus went upstairs. Over the banisters at each landing hung an
anxious housemaid. Each housemaid expressed her relief at seeing
him, each begged him to hurry. Each assured him the lift was
working. He had been in too great a hurry to remember the lift. When
he got near his room a voice broke upon his ear—a long wail—the
cry of one in great distress; the wail spoke loudly of Irish blood in the
veins of her who wailed. It was the voice of his niece. Infuriated old
women glanced at him through half-opened doors. “What had he
been doing gallivanting about at night?” they seemed to say and no
doubt they would have liked to add: “If he had left the mother he
might at least stay with the child.”
“Shan’t,” he called, “I’m coming.” He passed lady’s-maids gathered
together, and strode into Shan’t’s room. Then and there he decided
that he had never seen a child cry—never imagined a child could cry
—not the child of any one belonging to him—as this child cried. It
was impossible that anything could cry so terribly. Tears poured
down her face: her eyes were screwed up. It was a horrible
exhibition showing a deplorable lack of self-restraint.
“Shan’t, stop!” He sat down beside her, he shook her gently—
nothing made any difference. “I’m here, your Uncle Marcus is here
—”
This was why there were people in the world who didn’t love
children. They had seen them like this.
“I don’t want him—I want my darlin’—Aunt Elsie—”
“No, Shan’t, you don’t. You are at the seaside with your darling
uncle.”
“I’m—not—I won’t be at the seaside. I want my darlin’ Aunt Elsie.”
“Shan’t—listen!” He tried to take her in his arms. She became
rigid, unbendable—unbreakable—“Shan’t—!”
“I—want—my—darlin’ Aunt—Elsie.”
The management sent up to say, Would the young lady be quiet?
There was an elderly gentleman above her—and an old lady below
her—who could get no sleep.
“Shan’t—be quiet!”
“Nasty Uncle Marcus!”
“Shan’t—listen—”
But she refused to listen—she wriggled away under the
bedclothes.
“What do you want, Shan’t?”
She emerged from under the bedclothes.
“I want my darlin’ Aunt Elsie.”
“But you can’t have her—she’s miles away. Would you like the
kind lady who played with you on the sands?”
“She’s dead!” cried Shan’t—wailing afresh.
“No—she’s not. Look here, will you be good if I fetch her?”
“Will she bring my darlin’ crab—what was on the sands—?”
“Yes—yes—”
“W—ill—you fet-ch—her?”
“Yes.”
Marcus was off downstairs, three steps at a time—scattering
housemaids as he went, out on to the sea-front, and finally reached
the Madders’ door just as the cocoa was pronounced ready. “Oh,
you’re just in time!” they all cried, as he came into the room. “Rose,
fetch another cup and a spoon; no, you must share spoons.”
“What is it?” asked Rose, who was quick to see that something
was wrong.
“It’s Shan’t, she won’t go to sleep—she does nothing but cry—will
you come—and bring a crab?”
To which unusual request Rose made no objection. “Sandy,” she
cried, “lend me a crab!”
“All right—there’s one under the sofa. Move, will you, Auntie,
there’s a crab—hold hard—it’s in a bucket—it won’t bite.”
Marcus apologized to the assembled family, begged them to
forgive him, didn’t wait to be assured of their ready forgiveness, but
was off in the wake of Rose. As he had run down the pavement in
London after Diana, so he now ran down the red-brick path after
Rose. She ran less lightly, perhaps, than Diana had run, but then she
was less lightly dressed. She ran just as fast—horribly fast. His life
had become a restless and strenuous one. Arrived at the hotel he
and Rose went up in the lift. He noticed the water from the pail
streaming down the front of her skirt; he never thought of the poor
crab as he tried to dry it. She begged him not to; he mustn’t wet his
handkerchief. He said it was already wet with the tears of Shan’t—
soaked!
They found Shan’t sitting up in bed. The storm was passing; the
waves of her sobs were breaking—the moaning of the outgoing tide
was still to be heard. Rose was on her knees beside the bed, and in
one moment her arms were round the child. Marcus turned away; he
could not have said why, except that somehow or other he felt as if it
were Flueyn’s right before any other man’s to see Rose as she
looked now—altogether adorable like this—he had never seen her
so desirable.
He felt he ought not to be listening to the crooning of that voice,
even to the absurd things she was saying—they were women’s
secrets he was overhearing; he was a listener on the threshold of a
door he had deliberately closed in his life.
After the storm there came peace. Shan’t was whispering: every
now and then came the backwash of a sob—but peace followed it.
He seemed to see the golden reflection of the setting sun on the wet
sands. Shan’t was putting her fingers in and out of the button-holes
in the girl’s knitted coat and was smiling up into her face. Rose was
wiping away the tears from the child’s face. Shan’t was shyly
promising to be good—never to cry any more? She nodded. Rose
persuaded her to lie down. Shan’t insisted that she must say good-
night to the crab. This was accomplished—poor crab! She must then
pray for the crab and for all little crabs. This was done. By degrees
she fell asleep, and until Rose was quite certain that nothing would
awaken her she knelt beside her. Marcus watched her for a moment,
then turned away and walked to the window. He felt lonely. There
was silence except for the sound of the waves breaking on the shore
beneath the window, very softly. The world, with Shan’t, had fallen
gently to sleep and the waves sang a lullaby.
“She’s all right,” whispered Rose; “there will be some one near if
she wakes?”
Marcus nodded.
“Then I shall go home—give me that poor crab.”
Marcus was afraid it was dead. Rose said all Sandy’s pets died
young. They walked back to the lodgings together, in silence.
At the door he stopped. “I can’t thank you,” he said.
“There’s nothing to thank me for—I love children.”
“There is one thing I want to say—it will be all right with Flueyn.”
He asked her not to thank him, he said there was nothing to thank
him for. She laughed, then added shyly, “How little you know!”
XI
A dog may be a dog and something more;

A man beside a dog may be a bore!
S HAN’T had gone back to her aunt. Diana was with her aunt and
Marcus was alone. He felt the position to be an absurd one.
Why should he be separated from two nieces because an aunt, on
the other side, chose to behave in a jealous and absurd manner? It
was quite possible, if he could see the aunt, that she might in talking
tell him, quite unconsciously, if Diana were in love or not? It was
ridiculous he shouldn’t know, if he wished to know—and if she knew.
With all her faults the aunt, no doubt, was fond of the children. Why
shouldn’t he go down and see her? So he got a Bradshaw and
looked up trains—he would have gone by car, but he had told Diana
that Tooke wasn’t—what had he said?—strong enough to do the
distance? He forgot what he had said, he had been vexed at the time
—and he found it was possible to get to the aunt by twelve o’clock
on any morning, so why not to-morrow? He should write to say he
was coming—no, he would take her by surprise; see her as she
really was.
When a woman deliberately sets out to weed on a summer’s day
she will know, if she has any imagination, that her face will be likely
to redden under the exertion, be it wonted or unwonted; further, that
she will not be looking her best if her niece’s uncle should chance to
call upon her. Elsie Carston’s imagination might have gone so far as
to expect a red face under given circumstances, but never a visit,
under any, from Diana’s disagreeable uncle. Yet this thing happened.
Her small parlour-maid came to tell her so. She whispered it, hoarse
from suppressed excitement. She vowed he was standing looking
“amazed-like” at the “blue vawse.”
“Tell him,” said Elsie, “he must wait till my face is less red”—never
dreaming that Rebecca would be so silly; but Rebecca was. She
went back to the drawing-room and she said, “Miss Carston is so red
in the face, sir, will you please to wait?”
And Marcus, if not pleased, waited. He had kept people waiting
himself, and never for a more excellent reason. He hated women
with red faces. That was one of Diana’s greatest charms—the
unvarying beauty of her complexion. Ah—Diana? Where was she—
and Shan’t, too? Why didn’t the tiresome aunt come? A bumptious
woman is not complete unless she has a red face—a danger signal;
so she might just as well come as she was, as she always was, and
would always be.
The moments crept on—still he waited. He paced up and down the
room until he was giddy, and he felt for the bears in the Zoo as he
had never felt before. He realized the daily round of their discomfort
now. This, then, was where Diana lived: with this furniture? Well, it
wasn’t bad—of its kind. It was rough, of course. The grandfather’s
clock, that ticked so insistently, must have stood in a deaf cottager’s
kitchen. The gate-legged table had been undoubtedly cursed by
many a lusty farmer and his sons for the multitude and distribution of
its legs.
The furniture was well kept. There was that to the aunt’s credit, or
to her servants’. He wondered if she had any more like the absurd
creature who had conveyed, with the utmost solemnity, that
ridiculous message. There couldn’t be such another in the world.
Back to the blue vase. It seemed familiar. Ridiculous place to keep
it—on a bracket—meaningless. The Staffordshire china? Rubbish.
How easily women were taken in! So long as the piece was an
imbecile lamb or an impossible cottage, she was satisfied. No doubt
she had bought the lamb because it was a “duck,” and the cottage
because it was a “lamb.” He could hear her. She had been wise to
keep to white walls. If she had attempted colour she must have gone
wrong. He liked the chintz. It was in keeping. Red flowers on a highly
glazed surface.
Why didn’t she come? It was the worst form of discourtesy to keep
any one waiting. Where had she got the mezzotints? Or rather how?
Left to her by a relative who had bought them cheap years ago,
anticipating their value. She would tell him so—tiresome! He didn’t
care how she had got them. They were nice enough, though. First
state, eh? Open letters? He walked from one to the other. Cut
edges? Here was one with the margin nibbled by a mouse—just
what he should have expected to happen to the print belonging to a
red-faced woman. Needlework pictures? Quite amusing! Country-
house sale, he suspected: and a Downman? People do get these
things somehow or other. She had withstood the lure of the hand-
coloured print. Books? What did the woman read? He was on all
fours trying to discover when the door opened and to his intense
astonishment he heard a woman’s voice say, “Lie down, Marcus!” He
rose instead—anything rather than obey—and found himself face to
face with Aunt Elsie. What had been the use of waiting? Her face
was still red.
“I’m so sorry,” she said, “I forgot; do forgive me—Marcus is my
dog.”
Grey eyes! They looked at him, and he remembered that years
ago they had distinctly said: “Beaten!” They challenged him now
—“Goth!” it was coming back to him; “Vandal!—nice, grey-eyed
woman—ignorant woman!” he repeated to himself. “Your gloves,” he
said involuntarily.
“You would think I never wore them,” she said, holding out her
sunburnt, shapely hands for his inspection, “but I do.”
“You wore them then—and the wrong kind. That’s what I so
disliked about you. You took that vase in gloved hands—dogskin-
gloved hands—”
“Oh, it was you, was it?” said Elsie. “You looked so angry and I
couldn’t explain—I knew it wasn’t a good vase—yes, I did—”
“Then why—”
“Forgive me one moment, there’s Dinah—”
“Oh,” said Marcus, “delightful—” thinking she had said Diana.
“No, Dinah—my dog—she’s got Marcus’s ball, she knows she
mustn’t—please wait—if Peggy comes in, send her to her dinner, will
you?”
“How? What shall I do?”
“Just say, ‘Marky’s got Peggy’s dinner’—and she’ll fly!”
Off went Aunt Elsie, leaving Marcus to deal with Peggy—another
dog, he supposed. “Marky’s got Peggy’s dinner!” He was hanged if
he would say it. A moment later the door opened and Rebecca
looked in: “You haven’t got Peggy, have you, sir?”
Marcus said he had not.
“She’s so excited at your coming, sir, she was tearing round the
lawn like mad, just now—here she is!” Peggy tore into the room; tore
round it two or three times, slipping, skidding on rugs, as she went.
“Call her!” said Marcus.
“It’s no use, sir, not till she’s got accustomed to the excitement of
you—”
“Tell her ‘Marky has got her lunch,’ or dinner; whatever meal you
like to call it.”
“It wouldn’t be any use, sir, not when she’s wild over your coming
like she is now.”
When Elsie came back, she had the grace to apologize, but it was
evident she had no idea how badly she had behaved, or how
impossible the dogs had been. Marcus thought that dogs must, at
least, be obedient. Elsie said she was really very sorry, and as she
spoke she marshalled the dogs and sent them off to their various
dinners: then she came back, looked at him, and said he was exactly
what she had always known he was.
“What is that?” he asked: it was rash of him to ask.
“Frightfully obstinate, for one thing.”
“And what else?”
“Heaps of things—but about this vase—an old lady I was very fond
of sent me up to buy that vase for her—if it had a mark upon it that
she had made as a girl—a scratch. If it had not, I was not to buy it.”
Marcus said he was bewildered, he did not understand.
“You will if you listen,” said Elsie. “Her father had a collection of
Chinese porcelain and he sold it. One piece, she told him, had been
given to her, when she was a girl, by a young man with whom she
was in love. Her father disputed her claim, and the vase was sold
with the rest of the collection. She was middle-aged then. When she
heard the collection was to be sold again—it was forty years since
her father had parted with it, and she had grown to be a very old
woman—she wanted to buy back that one piece.”
“Feminine persistence,” said Marcus.
“Yes, if you like to call it that—I suppose a man may call a
woman’s faithfulness by any name he likes.”
“Did you find the mark?” asked Marcus meekly; he was always
cowed by feminine firmness.
Elsie looked at him, and a doubt entered his mind. He asked if he
might look at the vase—hold it in his hand?
She handed it to him. He looked at it, then at her. “You were to buy
it, if there was a scratch upon it?”
Elsie nodded. He handed her back the vase.
“But—she—died happy,” Elsie said, perhaps pleading extenuating
circumstances.
There was a silence while she replaced the vase on the bracket.
“You gave too much for it,” said Marcus, refusing to be beaten, or
to be made to say wrong was right—or to be touched by the thought
of the foolish old lady who had been taken in—so kindly.
“How do you know?” asked Elsie. “What, after all, was too much to
pay for a thing she wanted, that would make her happy? She could
afford to pay. Anyhow, she left the vase to me and I put it there.” She
nodded to the bracket on the wall.
“A very bad place for it.”
“I like it there,” said Elsie, and Marcus knew he had been right;
pig-headed and obstinate was Diana’s aunt.
“Where is Diana?” he asked.
“She’s reading aloud Mr. Watkins’s poems.”
“To whom?”
“To Mr. Watkins—she says he reads them in a family-prayer sort of
a voice that lends them a fictitious value. She wants him to hear
what they sound like read by an ordinary person.”
Of course, Marcus at once said Diana was not an ordinary person,
and Elsie could only answer that she read poetry like a very ordinary
person.
“This man is in love with her, I suppose?” asked Marcus gloomily.
“If she has read him his ‘Ode to Japonica,’ I should say not.”
“He was in love with her, then?” persisted the enquiring uncle.
“Of course.”
“Why of course?”
“Isn’t every man in love with her?”
“And she—is she in love with any man?”
“Ah, that is the question,” said Elsie. The relations between them,
which had become surprisingly easier, were again strained. She was
the aunt on the one side—he the uncle on the other. Rebecca
announced luncheon.
“I suppose we must eat,” said Marcus.
Elsie didn’t suppose anything about it; as a matter of fact there
was no necessity, but she led the way to the dining-room, and there
at the table sat Diana.
“Dears!” she exclaimed, when she saw her uncle and aunt;
“getting so heated talking about me—how do you like each other
now you meet? Have I exaggerated the charm of either of you? You
both think so? Well, darlings, sit down. No, Elsie, you must do the
honours and I’ll do the laughing and the crying, if you like—but there
must be no more fighting. Look at your faces.” And she handed to
each one a spoon. Elsie passed hers on to Marcus. He laid them
both down beside his plate.
“Is my face red too?” he asked, turning to Diana.
“Is that quite how you meant to put it?” she asked; and he was
obliged to answer, “Not quite.”
Shan’t was out; she had gone to spend the day with some children
in the neighbourhood and she wouldn’t be back till after tea. After tea
seemed a long way off to Marcus. Could he make Aunt Elsie and her
garden and her ridiculous farm last till then? Diana was too
distressed; she was engaged to play golf with Mr. Pease.
“Don’t bother about me,” said Marcus stiffly.
Diana had no intention of bothering about him. He had come to
see Elsie, not her. It was so important they should make friends. If
she stayed with them, they would both try, each one, to talk to her
more than the other.
“And when are you coming back to me, Diana?” asked Marcus.
Diana looked from Marcus to Elsie and from Elsie to Marcus.
“You are such unselfish darlings, both of you,” she answered. “You
must decide between you.”
Here was Elsie’s opportunity. “I think, perhaps, Diana,” she said,
“you ought to go to your uncle—your mother left you with him.” And
Elsie knew that, in the eyes of Diana, she must stand on the heights
above Marcus—that Marcus must look up to her.
But Marcus despised her. He knew she had done it to impress
Diana, and didn’t mean it.
“I wouldn’t ask you to come back to London at this time of year,”
he said gently.
“You are both darlings,” said Diana, and she went and left them.
And Elsie talked calmly of the joys of the country—mentioning
incidentally the heat of London pavements, and Marcus said nothing,
but he thought the more. Elsie now looked quite cool: her
complexion was fair, and that, in conjunction with her grey eyes,
made her look younger than she ought to have looked, or than he
had expected her to look.
He spun out his visit till tea-time, and after tea Elsie volunteered to
walk to the station with him. “We may meet Shan’t,” she said.
They walked and they met Shan’t. She was being escorted home
by a family of boys and girls, and was among those who filled a
pony-cart to overflowing. She was rioting; no other word described
the joy that possessed her. She was playing mad bulls with a boy a
little smaller than herself. Elsie called her to stop: besought her to
speak to her Uncle Marcus—but she couldn’t listen—she was
laughing—how she laughed! Marcus had a train to catch—and the
pony-cart passed on, Shan’t still fighting the small boy—and
laughing—so happy and Uncle Marcus was so neglected.
“She didn’t realize it was you,” said Aunt Elsie. “Children so soon
forget.”
She might have spared him that thrust which he had not the
strength to parry. She might have known that no child who is playing
mad bulls with a little boy, sufficiently mad, will stop to look at an
elderly uncle—or to listen to an—elderly aunt.
In the train Marcus comforted himself by picturing a scene in which
he and Shan’t made it up. He said, “Why didn’t you stop and speak
to your Uncle Marcus?”
And Shan’t said, “Well, you see, darlin’,”—her fingers popped in
and out of the button-holes of his coat,—“I was so busy—I really
didn’t—quite properly see it was you.”
“But you were glad to see me—what you did see of me?”
“Of course—I was—didn’t you think I was?”
Uncle Marcus hadn’t been sure.
“Let’s play at somethin’,” suggested Shan’t.
He felt comforted—a little. Two arms were round his neck, and he
felt as nearly comforted as it is possible to feel when the comforting
arms are not real arms and the child is not a real child, and nothing
is real but the hurt the real child inflicted.
XII
An old man cried, “Umbrella to sell.” It had no handle.

He met an old woman who cried she had an umbrella
to sell, but only the handle. Each called what they had
an umbrella, but only the man’s could keep off the rain.
T HERE is a small book, written by one of the greatest masters of

fiction. No romance stirs the blood, excites the imagination of
weary men, as this book does. Lever, Dumas, Hugo are pigmies
compared to this giant among story-tellers.
It is a small book—no matter its colour—its pages number some
hundreds, and they can be read, re-read, and read yet again. On
every page is the same story differently, and delightfully told. It never
palls. A wise woman is she who, seeing her husband tired and
perhaps bored, slips into his hands this volume of immortal prose. If
he be a sportsman, his chair comfortable, and the fire brightly
burning, all his worries will vanish like “smoke” on the hillside, and for
the space of some hours he will be at peace, tramping once again
the moors, fishing the rivers, the lochs, and climbing the hills he
loves. Marcus, lonely and deserted, opened the book and read:
£600: Exceptionally good shooting. Average bag 245 brace grouse. Lodge
contains dining-room, drawing-room, ten bedrooms, bathroom, and
complete offices. Hotel, post, telegraph, quite close. Nearest station twenty-
five miles. Very bracing climate and lovely scenery. Proprietor pays—etc.
£500: Beautiful lodge, four and a half miles from station. Contains 4 public rooms,
6 bedrooms, bathroom, and ample servants’ accommodation. Stabling,
coach house. Kennels, gardens, 5000 acres, shooting yielding 80 brace
grouse, 3000 rabbits, 100 hares, 200 brace partridges, 100 snipe, 200
pheasants, 20 duck, roe deer and plover, woodcock. Good trout fishing in
lochs and burns. Salmon fishing can be had.
£450: 10,000 acres, mostly moorland, yielding about 250 brace grouse (limit), four
stags, besides other game. Good woodcock and snipe and wild fowl
shooting, in winter. Exclusive right to the fishing in whole of river, six miles,
both banks. And in one of the finest lochs in Scotland, which holds sea trout
and occasionally a salmon. Lodge situated in the midst of magnificent
scenery—
Marcus leant forward and re-filled his pipe—the shadow of a great

peace in his eyes—a smile playing at the corners of his mouth. He
had no wish to be disturbed—let Shan’t stay with her aunt, and
Diana, too, if she wanted to—it was like the old game of Oranges
and Lemons. They could choose; he was Oranges—
Last season’s bag—6 stags, 200 brace grouse, 20 wild fowl, 111
hares, and 90 sea trout—
He sighed and turned the pages.
£2000: Splendid sporting domain, yielding 80 or 84 stags, 500 brace grouse and
there are also roe deer, hares, wild fowl, salmon and sea trout. Fishing in
river from both banks, also trout fishing in well-known loch and excellent
trout fishing in many hill lochs—good sea fishing [this for Pillar]. Very
comfortable lodge situated at the head of one of the finest lochs in
Scotland, amidst magnificent scenery—20 miles from station. Post and
telegraph close by. Lodge contains—hall, drawing-room, dining-room,
smoking-room, gun room, ample bedroom accommodation, two
bathrooms, complete offices. Proprietor pays—
“Not much,” murmured Marcus.

£250.
£200.
£270.
£300:—each in its small way buying for August and September
perfect happiness, and Marcus knew what that perfect happiness
might be. Agents say much, sometimes more than they need, but do
they ever say anything of six o’clock in the morning, on the moor,
when the spiders’ webs, set with diamonds, are slung from one tuft
of heather to another, making a wealth of jewels of untold value? Do
they ever describe the joy of walking home knee-deep in scented
purple heather right into the setting sun, after a day on the hill? Do
they ever describe a fine day on the West Coast, as the West Coast
alone knows it? A fine day in Skye? No day, for pure glory of
fineness, can compare with it. (And it might always be fine in Skye if
people really believed in fairies.) Skye paints her foreground as no
other foreground is painted, so rich in colour, so deep—so varied. No
skies can vie with hers in blueness, when they are blue. No distance
is so enchanting in its softness. No breeze so caressing in its
gentleness. No hills can compare with the Cuchullins in their
splendid ruggedness, and the sun never sets in Scotland, leaving
behind him more glorious promises of his coming again than he does
in Skye. Do agents count these things? They must—and that is why
—if the grouse fail, the deer fade away, and the fish sulk—the man
who truly loves his Scotland will always pay his rent without
murmuring, for those glorious two months: and the day he gets back
to London, if he be a proper man, he will sit himself down in his chair,
his hand will reach out to the table at his elbow, and he will take from
the table a book that his wife, if she be a wise wife, has placed there,
and he will open it at any page and read—
£500—beau-ti-ful lodge, 40 miles from station—Contains—etc.—
bag should include—250 brace grouse, good woodcock and snipe—
wild fowl—in the winter—Exclusive right—
This is the book Marcus read on his return to London after sending
Shan’t back to the aunt of his detestation. It is a work of fiction that
should be in all circulating libraries, yet it is in none. During the
reading it came upon him—the inspiration—to offer as a counter-
attraction to Bestways—Scotland!
Could Diana resist a moor in Scotland? To shoot over which she
might ask any one she liked. What would Aunt Elsie do against a
force so overwhelming as this? It was late in the season to get a
place, but sometimes late in the day even a good place is to be had.
Sometimes the best places might be picked up at the last moment.
The next day Marcus lunched at his club, having interviewed
agents both hopeful and depressing. At the club he met a friend
plunged in the depths of melancholy. So deeply immersed was he
that Marcus rose buoyant on the crest of a wave of exultation. The
friend’s wife was ill. Marcus, sobered, expressed sympathy: the man,
to a certain extent, had brought it on himself by having a wife, but
still Marcus was sorry she was ill. Added to that the man had taken a
place in Scotland to which he could not go in consequence of his
wife’s illness and the agents said it was too late to sub-let it. Here
Marcus was really sympathetic. What sort of a place was it?—and
out it all came—the same grand old story. The blood that had run
through the veins of Marcus now coursed and by the end of
luncheon the moor was practically his—he had walked it. Its
geographical position was scored on the tablecloth: its marches
defined by spoons and forks. So much was the place his that he felt
justified in telegraphing to Diana—“Got place Scotland, will you
come?” What about the hill now upon which Elsie had imagined
herself standing looking down upon poor Marcus?
When Diana got the telegram she read it aloud, and Elsie began
feebly about a picnic—and more picnics—and a possible dance—
and more dances, but Diana’s heart was already in the Highlands.
“Darling Uncle Man!” she cried. “Delicious old Marky Man!” And
Marcus put his head under her hand and swallowed with gratitude.
“Not you, you darling, blessed black angel,” she said.
“Bribery and corruption,” said Aunt Elsie, as she pulled furiously at
the weeds in the garden; “pure bribery—it isn’t that the child cares
for him—she only goes—because she wants to go to Scotland. I
shall at least have Dick. He would never desert me.” And to make
sure of that she went in and wrote to Dick—wrote of cricket matches
—wrote in glowing terms, showing an amazing knowledge of the
game, which she felt was bound to impress a small nephew. To
which letter Dick wrote back:
Dear Aunt Elsie,—It’s jolly decent of you, but I’m a bit

fed up with cricket, and what’s more I might get stale if I
played too much, and what’s still more to the purpose is
that Taboret Major has asked me to go to Scotland. His
people have taken a sort of castle there—what d’you say
to that? Don’t say no and break the heart of your anxious
nephew. Taboret Major says it’s a rippin’ place and there’s
lots of shooting and fishing. Old Wane says it’s a chance
that shouldn’t be missed—so I say.
Your loving and hopeful
Dick
P.S. What about my being confirmed next term? Do you
think I need? I don’t feel much like it at present and
Taboret Major isn’t going to be because he’s going to join
the Scotch religion. I expect I shall be converted when I’m
in Scotland, so had I better wait to see? But then I ought
to say that Taboret Major is going to wear a kilt. I expect
this makes a difference. What do you think?
So even Dick was denied her, and Elsie went out into her garden
where the borders were full of blossoms which Diana loved, and into
the kitchen garden where grew vegetable marrows, things which
Dick had sworn he loved, and the aunt felt she had laboured in vain.
She had sown and Uncle Marcus would reap.

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Solution Manual for Technical

Mathematics, 4th Edition

Test Bank For Elementary Technical Mathematics, 12th

Basic Technical Mathematics with Calculus SI Version

Concise Introduction to Pure Mathematics 4th Liebeck

Solution Manual for Technical Drawing for Engineering

Test Bank for Technical Communication Twelfth Edition

Solution Manual for Mathematics for Plumbers and

Solution Manual for A Transition to Advanced

Solution Manual for Nature of Mathematics, 13th Edition

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

Chapter 2: Signed Numbers and Powers of 10

Chapter 3: The Metric System

Chapter 5: Polynomials: An Introduction to Algebra

Chapter 6: Equations and Formulas

Chapter 7: Ratio and Proportion

Chapter 8: Graphing Linear Equations

Chapter 10: Factoring Algebraic Expressions

Chapter 11: Quadratic Equations

Chapter 12: Geometry

Chapter 13: Right Triangle Trigonometry

Chapter 15: Basic Statistics

Chapter 16: Binary and Hexadecimal Numbers

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

38. $13/4 ft × 20 ft = $65

6864 bu 12, 000, 000 bu

856 lb +754 lb +1044 lb +928 lb +888 lb +734 lb +953 lb +891 lb 7048 lb

Number of bales = 6 ×110 ×15 = 9900 400 gal

E 48 68. The outer dimension of the back wall is

63. 220 × 4 oz = 880 oz 96 in. 208 in.

64. 8 in. 16 in.

3 × 60 mg = 180 g for a total of 2 ×12 ×13 = 312 blocks for

14 ft 6 in. − 4 × (2 ft 6 in.) − 3 × (1 ft ) long and 8 ft × = 96 in. high so there

69. 73. 50 +125 +110 + 35 = 320 seats

Section 1.2: Order of Operations

= 80 +13 (19 + 8)(4 + 3) ÷ 21+ (8 ×15) ÷ (4 × 3)

= 42 −112 ÷14 = 192 ÷12 + 6

(20 −10) 2 = 10 + 3 [ 25]

Total area: = 39 in 2 Area of lower rectangle: 2 in. × 6 in. = 12 in 2

Total area: = 48 in 2 Total area: = 52 in 2

Area of outer rectangle: 30 cm × 30 cm = 900 cm 2

Total area: = 2344 ft 2

Value = 2344 ft 2 × $110/ft 2 = $257,840

Value = 2804 ft 2 × $90/ft 2 = $252,360

Total Volume: = 720 cm3

Total area: = 31,800 ft 2

Area in tsf = 31,800 ft 2 ÷1000 = 31.8 tsf

5. a. 7 + 8 = 15 is divisible by 3, so 78 is divisible 6. a. 6 + 7 + 5 = 18 is divisible by 3, so 675 is

divisible by 3. 47. 2 ⋅3⋅11

Total area: = 499 in 2

Section 1.6: Introduction to Fractions

Section 1.7: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions

4 4 4 = 10 in. − in. − in. − in. − in.

85. (continued) 89.

Section 1.8: Multiplication and Division of Fractions

7 3 28 35. × 42 gal = gal = gal = 31 gal

number thickness width length

number thickness width length

number thickness width length

47. 49. There will be 15 spaces between the rivets.

Total lengths of the pieces: Remaining length:

52. (continued) 56.

61. 65. There will be 18 spaces between the outlets.