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Full Download PDF of American History Connecting With The Past 15th Edition Alan Brinkley Solutions Manual All Chapter
Full Download PDF of American History Connecting With The Past 15th Edition Alan Brinkley Solutions Manual All Chapter
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Use your knowledge of U.S. history to
answer questions 3–5.
2
Answer a, b, and c.
SCORING NOTES
A/B) Explanations of one example of conflict between Natives and colonists may include the
following.
The clashes in the early 1600s between the Powhatan Indians and the settlers of
Jamestown over territory and various affronts led to years of turmoil and near collapse of
the colony before the final suppression of the Natives.
The Pequot War in Connecticut in the 1630s was sparked by conflict over land and trade
competition. The colonists, aided by rival tribes, nearly wiped out the Pequot tribe amid
brutal acts of war.
King Philip’s War was the most dangerous instance of resistance to the New England
colonists. King Philip (Metacomet) led a well organized coalition of tribes in opposition
to further encroachments by English settlers and customs. The conflict took a significant
toll upon the settlers and their economy but Metacomet and his Wampanoag Indians were
overcome by the English and their native allies.
C) Explanations of one example of intra-group conflict among colonists may include the
following.
The colony of Maryland was torn between factions supporting the Catholic minority,
supported by the Claverts the colonial proprietors, and the Protestant majority. The
Protestant seeking to ensure Protestant say in government and the Catholic minority
seeking to guarantee their religious freedoms and political rights.
John Coode’s rebellion in 1689 successfully removed the possibility of Catholic equality
in Maryland and established Protestant dominance there.
Bacon’s Rebellion was the most significant internal conflict of the early colonies. It
pitted the people of the “back-country” of Virginia against the ruling elite of the colony
with him they differed on policies of Indian relations and political representation. The
turmoil showed the need for continued territorial expansion and the potential for social
turmoil entailed in continued immigrating by landless indentured servants.
Once the English seized control of New Amsterdam, there would be persistent tension
and political conflict between the English and traditional Dutch land owners of the
region.
Answer a, b, and c.
3
Briefly explain ONE example of how continuing
contact between Native Americans and European
colonists in the 17th century brought about a cultural
or demographic change in one group or the other.
SCORING NOTES
A) Explanations of one example of continuing contact between the Native Americans and
European colonists may include the following.
Native Americans continued to serve as an essential source of aid and knowledge for the
settlers as illustrated by the interactions of the Puritans with Squanto and others, who
provided aid on how to farm the local produce and hunt the available game.
Missionary activity persisted as an important point of contact between the natives and all
of the various European colonies. The work of missionaries was essential to the spread of
European culture and mores to the natives.
The most important and pervasive point of contact continued to be through trade. In
many ways, the trade with native groups was essential to the survival and economic
advancement of the colonies in all regions of North America. Natives provided many of
the raw materials (furs etc…) for export by colonists as well as a market for
manufactured goods brought in to the colonies from Europe.
B) Explanations of one example of how continuing contact between the Native Americans and
European colonists brought about cultural or demographic change may include the following.
Continuing contact with colonists brought displacement and death to the majority of
natives in the regions of colonization. The continued spread of disease (such as small
pox) and persistent conflict (as illustrated by the Pequot War and King Philip’s War)
depleted the resources and population of the natives to the point of being unable to resist
the colonists further.
Continuing contact with natives led to conflict, some of which threatened to exterminate
the colonial settlements (such as seen in the early years of Jamestown and during King
Philip’s War), but more importantly it provided the colonists with further opportunities
for trade and exploitation.
Unlike early policies focused upon exterminating opposition native populations, the
Spanish shifted toward policies of conciliation as illustrated by their dealing with the
Pueblo uprising. Some increased liberties and say for natives allowed the Spanish to
maintain control with their relative small population of Spanish colonists.
English settlers tended toward continued warfare with the natives as they continued to
push the boundaries of their settlements while displacing Indians from their traditional
lands, as seen in both Virginia and New England.
4
Answer a, b, and c.
SCORING NOTES
A/B) Explanations of one example of diverse patterns of colonization in America may include the
following.
The English tended toward the plantation model of settlement. Seeking to establish
distinct, separate societies within the Americas.
The Spanish maintained smaller colonial populations than the English and tended to
subjugate rather than expel the native populations. Additionally, the Spanish later tended
to attempt to cultivate trade relations with the native tribes.
The French and Dutch each groomed smaller, less threatening colonial populations and as
a result cultivated successful trade relations with native tribes that aided them
economically without the same degree of involvement in internal conflicts.
The English Caribbean and Southern colonies became dependent upon forced, slave labor
to produce labor-intensive cash crops for market with only minor white populations to
oversee the production, particularly in the Caribbean.
The northern English colonies in New England and the mid-Atlantic tended to support
more extensive self-sufficient settlements.
The religious motives behind the founding of the several of the New England colonies, as
well as Pennsylvania and Maryland produced distinctive societies and personalities for
each of those regions.
Develop a thoughtful and thorough historical argument that answers the question
below. Begin your essay with a thesis statement and support it with relevant historical
evidence.
Some historians have argued that economic concerns were largely responsible for the
differences in regional social and political development of the British colonies in the Americas.
Support, modify, or refute this interpretation, providing specific evidence to justify your answer.
5
SCORING NOTES
Thesis: Possible thesis statements supporting, modifying, or refuting the interpretation may include the
following.
The differing economic potentials of various regions dictated the arrival of differing populations
to each region and thus dictated the manner of society that would develop in that region.
Religion played a more important role in the distinct development of the various English colonies
than simple economics.
A balance of religion and economics determined the social and political development of the
various English colonies.
The development of colonies was far too complex to be narrowed to an over-riding influence of
just economics but must include religion, ethnicity, climate and a host of other variables.
Support for argument: Possible evidence that could be used for an argument stressing the role of
economics in the development of English colonies includes the following.
The relatively rapid development of colonies in Virginia and the Caribbean was spurred by the
economic potential of those locations.
The suitability of the Southern and Caribbean colonies producing cash crops led to the
development of first indentured labor and later slave labor to provide the workforce needed for
labor intensive cash crops such as sugar, rice, and tobacco.
The lack of suitability of New England colonies for cash crops led to an increased prevalence of
smaller subsistence farms and the development of shipping and eventually manufacture as a
means to support the region, while exporting natural resources (timber, furs etc…) rather than
produce.
Support for argument: Possible evidence that could be used for an argument stressing the role of
religion in the development of English colonies includes the following.
The origins of the first New England settlers as Puritan dissenters guaranteed that there would be
a religious character to the development of the region.
The founding of Maryland under the auspices of Catholic proprietors led to definitive turmoil
between the Catholics and the Protestant settlers that were needed to provide ample populace for
the success of the colony. The tensions between these groups would leave a clear impression
upon the politics of the colony.
Religious dissent and disputes became the primary cause for the development of multiple New
England colonies, namely Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, rather than a single
New England colony.
Pennsylvania was created precisely to provide a religious refuge from persecution, with economic
motivations seemingly secondary to the religious goals.
6
connecting to another historical period or context. Examples could include, but are not limited to, the
following.
Explaining how the differing characteristics of the different colonies’ founding and growth
shaped their development can be reflected in their reactions to the various crises of the later
Republic.
Comparison of the roles of economics as opposed to religion in later periods, such as expansion
of corporations, through discussion of movements such the Social Gospel can illuminate the
impetus of economics in society and the religious reaction to the impact of economic-driven
decisions.
7
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Crossostoma, 408
Crucibulum, 248, 412
Cryptochiton, 245, 371, 402, 404
Cryptochorda, 425
Cryptoconchus, 404
Cryptophthalmus, 430
Cryptostracon, 353, 441
Ctenidia, 151—see Branchiae
Ctenopoma, 346–351, 414
Cucullaea, 274, 448
Cultellus, 457
Cuma, 423
Cumingia, 453
Cuspidaria, 459;
branchiae, 168
Cuvierina, 436, 436
Cyane, 410
Cyathopoma, 247, 268, 314, 338, 414
Cyclas, 453;
veliger, 132;
ova, 146;
otocyst, 197;
C. cornea, thread-spinning, 29;
distribution, 282
Cyclina, 454
Cyclobranchiata, 156
Cyclocantha, 409
Cyclomorpha, 414
Cyclonassa, 423
Cyclonema, 409
Cyclophoridae, origin, 21
Cyclophorus, 302, 306–319, 329–334, 344, 352–358, 414;
jaws, 212;
radula, 21
Cyclostoma, 328, 331–338, 414, 414;
stomach, 239;
vision, 184;
osphradium, 195;
nervous system, 205;
C. elegans, 287, 288
Cyclostomatidae, origin, 21;
radula, 224;
gait, 199
Cyclostrema, 408
Cyclosurus, 247, 337, 414
Cyclotopsis, 338, 414
Cyclotus, 296, 319, 320, 414
Cylichna, 428, 430;
radula, 215
Cylindrella, 247, 260, 278, 343–355, 348, 442;
monstrosity, 251, 252
Cylindrellidae, radula, 233, 234
Cylindrites, 430
Cylindrobulla, 430
Cylindromitra, 425;
radula, 222
Cymbium, 255, 367, 425;
radula, 221
Cymbulia, 437
Cymbuliopsis, 437
Cynodonta, 424
Cyphoma, 419
Cypraea, 178, 419;
prices given for rare, 122;
mantle-lobes, 177, 178;
radula, 224;
shell, 255, 260, 261;
C. moneta, 96
Cypraecassis, 420
Cypraedia, 419
Cypraeovula, 419
Cyprimeria, 454
Cyprina, 451
Cyrena, 15, 453;
distribution, 285, 294
Cyrenella, 453
Cyrtia, 505;
stratigraphical distribution, 507, 508
Cyrtoceras, 394
Cyrtodaria, 457
Cyrtodonta, 452
Cyrtolites, 407
Cyrtonotus, 448
Cyrtotoma, 414
Cysticopsis, 346–351, 441
Cystiscus, 425
Cystopelta, 325, 326, 440
Cytherea, 454, 454
Dacrydium, 449
Daedalochila, 441
Dall, W. H., quoted, 35;
on branchiae, 164
Damayantia, 440
Daphnella, 426
Darbyshire, R. D., on tenacity of life, 39
Dardania, 415
Dart-sac, 142
Daudebardia, 289, 292 f., 440
Davidsonia, 505, 508
Dawsonella, 410
Dayia, 505, 508
Decapoda, 385 f.
Decollation, 260
Deep-sea Mollusca, 374
De Folin, experiment on Cyclostoma, 157
Deianira, 410
Delage, experiments on otocysts, 197
Delphinula, 409
Deltidium, 499
Dendronotus, 433;
protective coloration, 72;
habits, 51
Dentalium, 6, 444, 445;
used as money, 97;
veliger, 131;
radula, 228
Dentellaria, 350–355, 441;
aperture, 63
Desert species, 25, 85
Deshayesia, 411
Desmoulea, 423
Development of fertilised ovum, 130 f.
Dexiobranchaea, 437
Diadema, 414
Diala, 415
Dialeuca, 441
Diaphora, 314
Diaphorostoma, 412
Diastema, 418
Diastoma, 417
Diaulula, 434
Dibaphus, 425
Dibranchiata, 380;
eye, 183;
nervous system, 207
Diceras, 269, 455
Didaena, 12, 297, 455
Differences of sex, 133
Dignomia, 511
Digonopora, 134, 144
Diloma, 408
Dimorphoptychia, 410
Dimya, 450
Dinobolus, 504, 508
Dinoplax, 403
Ditocardia, 9, 170, 405 f.
Diplodonta, 452
Diplommatina, 302–327, 413
Diplomphalus, 322, 323, 440
Diplopoma, 346, 351, 414
Dipsaccus, 424
Dipsas, 307
Discina, 464, 468, 471, 475, 487;
distribution, 485;
fossil, 493, 504;
stratigraphical distribution, 506, 508
Discinidae, 487, 496, 504, 508, 511
Discinisca, 487, 510;
distribution, 485, 486
Discites, 395
Discodoris, 434
Discosorus, 394
Distortio, 255—see Persona
Ditropis, 312, 314, 414
Docoglossa, 227, 405
Dolabella, 428, 431
Dolabrifer, 431
Dolium, 419;
acid secretion, 237
Donax, 269, 446, 453
Dondersia, 404
Dorcasia, 333, 441
Doridium, 430
Doridunculus, 434;
radula, 229
Doriopsis, 434
Doris, breathing organs, 159;
radula, 230
Dorsanum, 423
Dosidicus, 390
Dosinia, 454
Doto, 433;
protective coloration, 71
Dreissensia, 14, 123, 452;
hibernation, 26;
singular habitat, 48;
veliger, 132, 146;
eyes, 192
Dreissensiomya, 452
Drepania, 434
Drillia, 426
Drymaeus, 356, 442
Dryptus, 356, 441
Durgella, 301, 304, 440
Dwarf varieties, 88
Dybowskia, 290
Eastonia, 454
Eburna, 267, 424;
radula, 220
Ecardines, 466;
muscles, 476;
fossil, 493;
families, 487, 503, 508
Eccyliomphalus, 413
Echinospira, 133
Edentulina, 338
Egg-laying of Arion, 42 f.;
of Mollusca generally, 123
Eglisia, 411
Eider-duck, shells used by, 102
Elaea, 322, 440
Elasmoneura, 411
Eledone, 385, 385;
radula, 236
Elizia, 456
Elysia, 432;
protective coloration, 73;
breathing, 152;
radula, 217, 230, 432
Emarginula, 265, 406
Embletonia, 429
Emmericia, 415
Ena, 296, 442
Enaeta, 425
Endoceras, 394
Endodonta, 325, 334, 441
Engina, 424
Enida, 408
Ennea, 298, 302, 306, 309, 314, 316, 328–337, 440, 440;
habits, 54;
E. bicolor, 279
Enoplochiton, 403, 403
Enoploteuthis, 391
Ensis, 457
Entocolax, 77, 79, 152
Entoconcha, 77, 79, 152, 216
Entovalva, 77, 82
Ephippodonta, 453;
commensal, 81
Epidromus, 420
Epiphragm, 26, 27 f.
Epipodia, 427
Erato, 419
Eremophila, 294
Ergaea, 248, 412
Erinna, 327, 439
Erosion, 276
Ervilia, 454
Erycina, 453
Escargotières, 119
Estria, 329, 440
Estuarine species, 14
Ethalia, 409
Eucalodium, 260, 353, 442
Euchelus, 408
Euchrysallis, 420
Eudioptus, 442
Eudoxochiton, 403
Euhadra, 316, 318, 441
Eulamellibranchiata, 451;
gill, 166, 167
Eulima, 422;
parasitic, 77, 79
Eulimella, 250, 422
Eulota, 296, 441
Euomphalus, 247, 413
Euplecta, 440
Eupleura, 423
Euplocamus, 434
Eurybia, 438
Eurycampta, 346–351
Eurycratera, 349, 351, 441
Eurystoma, 304
Eurytus, 442
Euthria, 424
Euthyneura, 203
Eutrochatella, 347–351, 348, 410
Exploring expeditions, 362
Eye in Mollusca, 181 f.
Facelina, 432
Fasciolaria, 424;
radula, 221
Fastigiella, 416
Favorinus, 432
Fenella, 415
Fertilised ovum, development, 130 f.
Ferussacia, 291, 293, 297 f., 442
Fiji islanders, use of shells, 98
Filibranchiata, 448;
gill, 166
Fiona, 432;
radula, 217
Firoloida, 421
Fischer and Bouvier, on breathing of Ampullaria, 158
Fischeria, 15, 328, 453
Fish devour Mollusca, 59
Fissurella, 265, 406;
breathing organs, 153;
apical hole, 156;
nervous system, 204;
radula, 227;
growth, 261
Fissurellidaea, 406
Fissuridea, 406
Fissurisepta, 406
Fistulana, 262, 457
Flabellina, 432
Fluminicola, 415
Folinia, 415
Food of Mollusca, 30 f.;
Mollusca as food, 102 f.
Foot, 198;
in classification, 5
Forel, on deep-water Limnaea, 162
Formation of shell, 255
Fortisia, 429
Fossarina, 413
Fossarulus, 302, 415
Fossarus, 413
Fourth orifice in mantle, 174
Fresh-water species living in sea, 12;
frozen hard, 24
Frogs and toads devour Mollusca, 58
Fruticicola, 285, 290, 316, 318, 441
Fruticocampylaea, 296
Fryeria, 434
Fulgur, 249, 424
Fusispira, 420
Fusus, 262, 424
Gadinia, 152, 431;
breathing, 18, 151;
classification, 19;
radula, 217, 230
Gain, W. A., quoted, 32, 33, 39;
on taste of Mollusca, 179
Galatea, 15, 328, 336, 453
Galeomma, 175, 453
Galerus, 248, 412;
egg-capsules, 125
Garstang, W., on protective and warning coloration, 73
Gaskoin, on tenacity of life, 38;
on egg-laying, 42
Gassies, on hybrid union in snails, 130
Gasteropoda, on classification, 8, 11, 400 f.
Gastrana, 453
Gastrochaena, 457;
habits, 64
Gastrodonta, 440
Gastropteron, 245, 430
Gaza, 376, 408
Gena, 246, 408
Genea, 424
Genotia, 426
Geomalacus, 160, 288, 291, 441;
protective coloration, 70
Geomelania, 16, 348, 351, 414
Georgia, 331, 414
Georissa, 318, 410
Geostilbia, 338, 442
Gerontia, 441
Gerstfeldtia, 290
Gibbula, 408
Gibbus, 328–338, 440, 440
Gillia, 415
Gills—see Branchiae
Girasia, 301, 304, 440
Glandina, 54, 178, 278, 292 f., 339–355, 440;
radula, 231, 232;
habits, 53
Glands, germ, 134, 140;
nidamental, 136
Glassia, 501, 505
Glaucomya, 320, 454
Glaucus, 429, 432
Gleba, 437
Glessula, 301, 309, 310, 333, 442
Glochidium, 147
Glomus, 448
Glossoceras, 394
Glossophora, 7
Glottidia, distribution, 485, 487
Glycimeris, 457
Glyphis, 406
Glyptostoma, 341, 441
Gomphoceras, 394, 395
Gonatus, 391
Goniatites, 397, 398
Goniobasis, 341, 417
Goniodoris, 434;
protective coloration, 73;
radula, 229
Goniomya, 458
Gonostoma, 291, 316, 441
Goniostomus, 442
Grammysia, 459
Grateloupia, 454
Great Eastern and mussels, 116
Greenhouses, slugs in, 35
Green oysters, 108
Gresslya, 458
Growth of shell, 40, 257
Guesteria, 440
Guildfordia, 409
Guivillea, 186, 376, 425
Gulls and Mollusca, 56
Gundlachia, 19, 325, 345, 352, 359, 439
Gymnoglossa, 216, 225, 422
Gymnosomata, 437
Gyroceras, 247, 395
Gyrotoma, 417