SBA #4 (ORR/ AI)

Date: Jan 16, 2023

Title: Factors affecting the rate of diffusion
Aim: To investigate how temperature affects the rate of diffusion.

Materials: hot and cold water

KMNO4 crystals
Ruler
Timer
White porcelain plates
Methods:

1. Prepare two (2) white porcelain plates.

2. Place a dot at the center point on the plate.
3. Create four (4) circular rings from the center to the outer edge of the plate at 10cm
interval each.
4. Slowly pour an icy cold water on the side of the plate, just enough for the plotted
rings to be covered.
5. Using a pinch of KMNO4 crystals, slowly place the crystals at the center point on
the plate. Ensure that the crystals will be placed at the center point area only and
not on the other rings.
6. Observe the spread of the colour and start the time when it reached the 1st ring.
7. Continue to record the time for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th ring until the time when colours
are complete and evenly distributed on the plate.
8. Repeat procedures 1-7 using hot water.
9. Make a table to present your data and plot a line graph.
10. Discuss and explain your results.

SAMPLE ONLY:

Observation & results:

 TABLE SHOWING THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF

KMNO4 CRYSTALS IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

Hot water Cold water

Distance (cm) Time (s) Distance (cm) Time (s)

10cm 5 10cm 20

20cm 10 20cm 30

30cm 15 30cm 40

40cm 20 40cm 50

Complete & even diffusion of 30 Complete & even diffusion 60

colours of colours

(Use a graph paper- half size for your graph). Cut and paste it into your notebook page.
SAMPLE ONLY:

LINE GRAPH SHOWING THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF

KMNO4 CRYSTALS IN DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE
 70
60
Time of Diffusion of colours (s)

60
50
50
40
40
30 30
30
20 20
20 15
10
10 5

0
10 20 30 40 complete diffusion

Distance (cm)

Hot water Cold water

Discussions:

 Background information. Start the paragraph with introduction on definition of diffusion

as well as factors that could affect the rate of diffusion of particles.
 2nd paragraph is your discussion, explanation and analysis of results.
ALWAYS Use the details of your results.
Describe the data/details in hot water then explain why and what causes the results.
Then continue with the data for the cold water. Explain why and what causes the results.

Pointers for discussion:

 The movement is caused by the difference in the concentration gradient of the
particles in the KMNO4 crystals. (high concentration to low concentration until evenly
distributed.)

 Temperature (hot/cold) affects the kinetic energy (high/low) of the particles that causes
the movement of the colours to diffuse at a faster rate or at a slower rate.

Use and apply your concepts when you discuss, explain and analyse the results.

Conclusion:
 This answers your aim and include your final statement or a summary of your
results.
  Summarizes the findings of the experiment. It usually answers the aim. It should
not be more than two sentences, and in most cases only one sentence is sufficient.

Possible sources of errors/Precautions/Limitations:

(Possible sources of errors -An error that may affect the results.
Precautions- Safety steps of measures that were employed to ensure that the results were accurate.
Limitation-Any factor or variable that you could not control in the experiment which might
affect the reliability of your results)

You could include:

 Ensure that monitoring and recording of the time of diffusion of the colours must
be done properly for every ring in hot and cold water.
 Ensure that dyes are placed carefully at the center point only to avoid unnecessary
spread to the other rings.
 Avoid moving the plate so the movement will not be affected.
 Ensure that temperature of water must be distinct as hot and cold to show the
difference the rate of diffusion.

Reflections:

 Your personal view on how the lab was useful to you. Has it change your
thoughts on some things? Can it help u in the future?
 What did you learn in this concept?
What is the importance of the concept of diffusion to your daily activities and to
your environment?