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FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-2
(5 min.)

1. Which accounting assumption governs this situation?


2. How can the proper application of this accounting assumption give Osmond and
others a realistic view of Simple Treats, Inc.? Explain in detail.

Solution:

1. The entity assumption applies.

2. Application of the entity assumption will separate Osmond’s personal


assets from the assets of Simple Treats, Inc. This will help Osmond,
investors, and lenders know how much assets, liabilities and equity the
business has, and this knowledge will help all parties evaluate the business
realistically.

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
Statements Page
Page2 2ofof64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-3
(5-10 min.)

a. Inflation has been about 2.5% for some time. Village Realtors is considering
measuring its land values in inflation-adjusted amounts.
b. You get an especially good buy on a laptop, paying only $300 when it normally costs
$800. What is your accounting value for this laptop?
c. Burger King, , the restaurant chain, sold a store location to McDonald’s. How can
Burger King determine the sale price of the store—by a professional appraisal, Burger
King’s original cost, or the amount actually received from the sale?
d. General Motors wants to determine which division of the company—Chevrolet or
Cadillac—is more profitable.

Solution:

a. Stable-monetary-unit assumption

b. Historical cost principle; $300 is the accounting value of the laptop

c. Historical cost principle; the sale price is the amount actually received
from the sale

d. Entity assumption

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
Statements Page
Page3 3ofof64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-4
(10 min.)

Identify the missing amount for each of the following situations:

Computed amounts in boxes


Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

a. $ 660,000 = $ 300,000 + $ 360,000


b. $ 85,000 = $ 50,000 + $ 35,000
c. $ 350,000 = $ 75,000 + $ 275,000

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
Statements Page
Page4 4ofof64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-5
(5 min.)

1. If you know the assets and the equity of a business, how can you measure its
liabilities? Give the equation.
2. Use the accounting equation to show how to determine the amount of a company’s
stock-holders’ equity. How would your answer change if you were analyzing your own
household?

Solution:

1. Liabilities = Assets − Owners’ Equity

2. Owners’ Equity = Assets − Liabilities


This way of determining the amount of owners’ equity applies to any company or your
household.

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
Statements Page
Page5 5ofof64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-6
(5 - 10 min.)

Classify the following items as an asset (A), a liability (L), or stockholders’ equity (S) for
Target Corporation, a large retailer:

Solution:

a. A
b. L
c. A
d. A
e. L
f. L
g. S
h. A
i. L
j. A
k. A
l. S

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
Statements Page
Page6 6ofof64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-7
(5-10 min.)

1. How do the assets and stockholders’ equity of Nike, Inc., differ from each
other? Which one (assets or stockholders’ equity) must be at least as large
as the other? Which one can be smaller than the other?
2.How are Nike, Inc.’s, liabilities and stockholders’ equity similar? Different?

Solution:

1. Assets are the economic resources of a business that are expected to


produce a benefit in the future.
Owners’ (stockholders’) equity represents the insider claims of a business,
the owners’ interest in its assets.
Assets and owners’ equity differ in that assets are resources and owners’
equity is a claim to assets.
Assets must be at least as large as owners’ equity, so equity can be smaller
than assets.

2. Both liabilities and owners’ (stockholders’) equity are claims to assets.


Liabilities are the outsider claims to the assets of a business; they are
obligations to pay creditors.
Owners’ equity represents the insider claims to the assets of the business;
they are the owners’ interest in its assets.

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
Statements Page
Page7 7ofof64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-8
(5 min.)

1. Identify the two basic categories of items on an income statement.


2. What do we call the bottom line of the income statement?

Solution:

1. Revenues and expenses

2. Net income (or net loss)

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
Statements Page
Page8 8ofof64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth
- Twelfth Edition
Edition

S 1-9
(10 min.)

Suppose you are analyzing the financial statements of Corley, Inc. Identify each item with its
appropriate financial statement, using the following abbreviations: Income statement (I),
Statement of retained earnings (R), Balance sheet (B), and Statement of cash flows (C). Three
items appear on two financial statements, and one item shows up on three statements.

Solution:

a. I
b. R, C
c. B
d. I, R, C
e. B
f. B
g. I
h. B, C
i. R, B
j. B
k. C
l. C
m. I
n. C

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter TheFinancial
Financial Statements Page
Page9 9ofof64
64
Statements
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth
- Twelfth Edition
Edition

S 1-10
(15-20 min.)

a. How can a business earn large profits but have a small balance of retained
earnings?
b. Give two reasons why a business can have a steady stream of net income over a
five-year period and still experience a cash shortage.
c. If you could pick a single source of cash for your business, what would it be? Why?
d. How can a business be unprofitable several years in a row and still have plenty of
cash?

Solution:

a. Paying large dividends will cause retained earnings to be low.

b. Heavy investing activity and paying off debts can result in a cash
shortage even if net income has been high.

c. The single best source of cash for a business is operating activities.


This source of cash is best because it results from the core operations of
the business. Operating activities should be the main source of cash for
a business.

d. a. Borrowing, issuing stock, and selling land, buildings, and equipment


can bring in cash even when the company has experienced losses.
Reducing accounts receivable and inventory can also increase cash
flow.

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter TheFinancial
Financial Statements Page
Page10
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of64
Statements 64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth
- Twelfth Edition
Edition

S 1-11
(5 min.)

For each of the following questions, indicate which financial statement would most likely be used
to provide the information. Use the following abbreviations: Income statement (I), Statement of
retained earnings (R), Balance sheet (B), and Statement of cash flows (C).

Solution:

a. I
b. B
c. C
d. R
e. B
f. I
g. R
h. C
i. B

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter TheFinancial
Financial Statements Page
Page11
11of
of64
Statements 64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth
- Twelfth Edition
Edition

S 1-12
(5 min.)

Prepare the company’s income statement for the year ended


December 31, 2018, complete with an appropriate heading.

Solution:

MacKensie Services, Inc.


Income Statement
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(millions)
Revenues $ 394
Expenses $ 171
Net income $ 223

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter TheFinancial
Financial Statements Page
Page12
12of
of64
Statements 64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

S 1-13
(5 min.)

What was the company’s ending balance of retained earnings?

Solution:

Journey Corp Statement of


Retained Earnings Year Ended
December 31, 2018
(millions)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2017 $ 270
Add: Net income ($460 − $380) 80
Less: Dividends declared (64)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2018 $ 286

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 13 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

S 1-14
(10 - 15 min.)

Prepare Jackson Corporation's balance sheet at December 31, 2018, complete


with its proper heading.

Solution:
Jackson Corporation
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
ASSETS (in millions)
Current assets:

Cash $ 52

Accounts receivable 23
Total current assets 75
Long-term assets 45

Total assets $ 120

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 21
Total current liabilities 21
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term notes payable 31
Total liabilities 52

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock 28
Retained earnings 40
Total stockholders' equity 68

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 120

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 14 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

S 1-15
(10 - 15 min.)

Solve for the company's ending retained earnings and then prepare Sullivan
Corporation's balance sheet at September 30, 2018. Use a proper heading on
the balance sheet.

Solution:
Sullivan Corporation
Balance Sheet
September 30, 2018
ASSETS (in millions)
Current assets:

Cash $ 78

Accounts receivable 27
Total current assets 105
Property and equipment 27
Other long-term assets 21

Total assets $ 153

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 34
Total current liabilities 34
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term notes payable 17
Total liabilities 51

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock 31
Retained earnings 71
Total stockholders' equity 102

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 153

Computation of retained earnings: Total assets ($153) − total liabilities


($51) − common stock ($31) = $71

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 15 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

Or, total stockholders’ equity ($102) – common stock ($31) = $71

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 16 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

S 1-16
(10-15 min.)

Prepare Python’s statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31,
2018, complete with its proper heading.

Solution:

Python Legal Services, Inc.


Statement of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 115,000
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities (9,000)
Net cash provided by operating activities 106,000

Cash flows from investing activities:


Purchases of equipment $ (20,000)
Net cash used for investing activities (20,000)

Cash flows from financing activities:


Payment of dividends $ (15,000)
Net cash used for financing activities (15,000)
Net increase in cash 71,000
Cash balance, December 31, 2017 16,000
Cash balance, December 31, 2018 $ 87,000

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 17 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

S 1-17
(10 - 15 min.)

Complete the financial statements. All amounts are in millions.

Solution:

Solve in this order:


a. $ 82
b. $ 82
c. $ 149
f. $ 149
g. $ 182
h. $ 230
e. $ 230
d. $ 112

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 18 of 64


FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-18
(5 min.)

How should ethics be incorporated into making accounting judgments? Why is ethics
important?

Solution:

Ethics is a factor that should be included in every business and accounting decision, beyond
the potential economic and legal consequences. Ideally, for each decision, honesty and
truthfulness should prevail, considering the rights of others. The decision guidelines at the
end of the chapter spell out the considerations we should take when making decisions.
Simply, we might ask ourselves three questions: (1) Is the action legal? (2) Who will be
affected by the decision? (3) How will the decision make me feel afterward?

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 19 of 64


FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

S 1-19
(10-15 min.)

Match the following definitions with one of the terms listed here.

Solution:

Asset m
Balance sheet l
Bookkeeping k
Corporation f
Equity r
Ethical duties d
Expenses h
Financial accounting b
Historical cost principle j
Income statement o
Investors and creditors n
Liability g
Managerial accounting c
Net income a
Partnership q
Proprietorship i
Revenues e
Statement of cash flows p

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 20 of 64


FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

E 1-20A
(10-15 min.)

Which company appears to have the strongest financial position? Explain your reasoning.

Solution:

Stockholders’
Assets = Liabilities +
Equity
Synthe Real Estate $73 $41 $32

Odessa Florals $26 $11 $15

Hometown Bank $29 $14 $15

Odessa Florals appears to have the strongest financial position because its liabilities make
up the smallest percentage of company assets ($11/$26 = .42). Stated differently, Odessa
Florals’ equity is the highest percentage of company assets ($15/$26 = .58).
Liabilities as a percent of total assets:
Smythe Real Estate: $41/$73 = 0.56
Odessa Florals: $11/$26 = 0.42
Hometown Bank: $14/$29 = 0.48

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 21 of 64


FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth
ACCOUNTING Edition
- Twelfth Edition

E 1-21A
(10-15 min.)

1. Use these data to write Willow’s accounting equation.


2. How much in resources does Willow have to work with?
3. How much does Willow owe creditors?
4. How much of the company’s assets do the Willow stockholders actually own?

Solution:
Req. 1
(Amounts in millions)
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

$220 $160
320 380
130
Total $670 = $540 + $130

Req. 2
Resources to work with $670

Req. 3
Amount owed to creditors $540

Req. 4
Actually owned by company stockholders $130

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page21
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of 64
64
FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth
ACCOUNTING Edition
- Twelfth Edition

E 1-22A
(10-20 min.)

1. Collinswood issued $11 million of stock and declared no dividends.


2. Collinswood issued no stock but declared dividends of $20 million.
3. Collinswood issued $15 million of stock and declared dividends of $75
million.

Solution:

Situation
1 2 3
Total stockholders' equity, (Millions)
January 31, 2018 ($47 - $19) $ 28 $ 28 $ 28
Add: Issuances of stock 11 0 15
Net income 13* 44* 84*
Less: Dividends declared 0 (20) (75)
Net loss 0 0 0
Total stockholders' equity,
January 31, 2019 ($77 - $25) $ 52 $ 52 $ 52

*Must solve net income

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page22
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-23A
(10-15 min.)

Identify the financial statement where these decision makers can find the following
information about Butler Tech, Inc. In some cases, more than one statement will report
the needed data.

Solution:

a. Income statement
b. Balance sheet
c. Balance sheet
d. Balance sheet
e. Statement of retained earnings, Statement of cash flows
f. Balance sheet, Statement of cash flows
g. Statement of cash flows
h. Statement of cash flows
i. Income statement
j. Balance sheet, Statement of retained earnings
k. Income statement
l. Balance sheet
m. Income statement, Statement of retained earnings, Statement of cash flows
n. Balance sheet

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page23
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of 64
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-24A
(10-20 min.)

Prepare Landy's balance sheet at December 31, 2018, complete with its proper
heading. Use the accounting equation to compute retained earnings.

Solution:

Landy Products
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Current assets: Current liabilities:
Cash $ 24,000 Accounts payable $ 22,000
Receivables 18,000 Total current liabilities 22,000
Inventory 80,000 Long-term liabilities:
Total current assets 122,000 Long-term notes payable 172,000
Equipment 182,000 Total liabilities 194,000
Total assets $ 304,000
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock 34,500
Retained earnings 75,500
Total stockholders' equity 110,000
Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity 304,000

Computation of retained earnings:


Total assets ($304,000) − current liabilities ($22,000) − long-term notes payable
($172,000) − common stock ($34,500) = $75,500

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page24
24of
of 64
64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-25A
(10-20 min.)

Construct the balance sheet of Jill Carlson Realty Company at January 31, 2018. Use
the accounting equation to compute ending retained earnings.

Solution:

Jill Carlson Realty Company


Balance Sheet
January 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Cash $ 57.2 Current liabilities $ 2.9
Receivables 0.5 Long-term liabilities 102.6
Investment assets (long-term) 79.4 Total liabilities 105.5
Property and equipment, net 1.6 STOCKHOLDERS'
Other assets (long-term) 9.3 EQUITY
Common stock 39.2
Total assets $ 148.0 Retained earnings 3.3
Total stockholders' equity 42.5
Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity $ 148.0

Computation of retained earnings:


Total assets ($148.0) − Total liabilities ($105.5) − Common stock ($39.2) = $3.3

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page25
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of 64
64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-26A
(15-25 min.)

1. Prepare the income statement of Jill Carlson Realty Company for the year ended
January 31, 2018.
2. What amount of dividends did Jill Carlson declare during the year ended January
31, 2018?

Solution:

Req. 1
Jill Carlson Realty Company
Income Statement
Year Ended January 31, 2018
(Amounts in millions)
Total revenue $ 25.7
Expenses:
Salary and other employee expenses $ 13.7
Other expenses 7.6
Interest expense 1.5
Total expenses $ 22.8
Net income $ 2.9

Req. 2
The statement of retained earnings helps to compute dividends, as follows:
Jill Carlson Realty Company
Statement of Retained Earnings
Year Ended January 31, 2018
Retained earnings, beginning of year $ 2.6
Add: Net income for the year (Req. 1) 2.9
Subtotal 5.5
Less: Dividends declared* 2.2
Retained earnings, end of year (from Exercise 1-25A) $ 3.3
*($5.5 - $3.3 = $2.2)

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page26
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of 64
64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-27A
(15-20 min.)

1. Prepare the income statement and the statement of retained earnings of


Giada Coffee Roasters Corp., for the month ended August 31, 2019.

Solution:

Giada Roasters Corp.


Income Statement
For the Month Ended August 31, 2019
Revenue:
Service revenue $ 278,700
Expenses:
Salary expense $ 78,500
Utilities expense 5,100
Rent expense 1,800
Total expenses 85,400
Net income $ 193,300

Giada Coffee Roasters Corp.


Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Month Ended August 31, 2019
Retained earnings, August 1, 2019 $ -
Add: Net income for the month 193,300
Subtotal 193,300
Less: Dividends declared (2,800)
Retained earnings, August 31, 2019 $ 190,500

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page27
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of 64
64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-28A
(15-20 min.)

1. Prepare the balance sheet of Giada Coffee Roasters Corp., for August 31,
2019.

Solution:

Giada Coffee Roasters Corp.


Balance Sheet
31-Aug-19
Assets Liabilities
Cash $ 5,300 Accounts payable $ 8,800
Office supplies 7,400
Equipment 201,500 Stockholders' Equity
Common stock 14,900
Total assets $ 214,200 Retained earnings 190,500
Total stockholders' equity 205,400
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity $ 214,200

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page28
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of 64
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-29A
(15-20 min.)

1. Prepare the statement of cash flows of Giada Coffee Roasters Corp., for
the month ended August 31, 2019. Using Exhibit 1-11 as a model, show
with arrows the relationships among the income statement, statement of
retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.

Solution:

Giada Coffee Roasters Corp.


Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended August 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 193,300
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operating activities 1,400
Net cash provided by operating activities 194,700
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of equipment $ (201,500)
Net cash used for investing activities (201,500)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance (sale) of stock to owners $ 14,900
Payment of dividends (2,800)
Net cash provided by financing activities 12,100
Net increase in cash $ 5,300
Cash balance, August 1, 2019 0
Cash balance, August 31, 2019 $ 5,300

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page29
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-30A
(10-15 min.)

Complete the report giving him your opinion of net income, dividends, financial
position, and cash flows during his first month of operations.

Solution:

TO: Owner of Giada Coffee Roasters Corp.

FROM: Student Name

SUBJECT: Opinion of net income, dividends, financial position, and cash


flows

Your first month of operations was successful. Revenues totaled $278,700


and net income was $193,300. These operating results look very strong.
The company was able to pay a $2,800 dividend, and this should make you
happy with so quick a return on your investment. Your financial position looks
secure, with assets of $214,200 and liabilities of only $8,800. Your
stockholders’ equity is $205,400.
Operating activities generated cash of $194,700, which is respectable.
Operating activities are the main source of cash, which is expected for a
thriving company. You ended the month with cash of $5,300. Based on the
above facts, I believe you should stay in business.

Chapter1:1:The
Chapter The Financial
Financial Statements
Statements Page
Page30
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of 64
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

E 1-31A
(20-25 min.)

Prepare the following financials statements (with proper headings) for 2018: 1) Income
statement, 2) Statement of retained earnings, 3) Balance sheet.

Solution:

Req. 1
Edwin Company
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Revenue: (millions)
Revenues $ 150
Expenses:
Salary expense $ 34
Rent expense 23
Utilities expense 16
Total expenses 73
Net income $ 77

Req. 2
Edwin Company Statement of
Retained Earnings Year Ended
December 31, 2018
(millions)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2017 73
Add: Net income ($150 - $73) 77
Less: Dividends declared (16)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2018 $ 134

Req. 3 Edwin Company


Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Current assets: Current liabilities:
Cash $ 185 Accounts payable $ 56
Accounts receivable 70 Total current liabilities 56
Total current assets 255 Long-term liabilities
Property and equipment 35 Long-term notes payable 26
Other long-term assets 22 Total liabilities 82
Total assets $ 312

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common stock* 96
Retained earnings 134
Total stockholders' equity 230

Total liabilitiesequity
stockholders' and
$ 312

*Common stock = Total stockholders’ equity ($230) – Retained earnings ($134) = $96

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 31 of 64


FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- -Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

E 1-32B
(10-15 min.)

Which company appears to have the strongest financial position? Explain your reasoning.

Solution:

Stockholders’
Assets = Liabilities +
Equity
Water Street Bank $78 $43 $35

Pufferbelly Restaurant $30 $7 $23

Blake Gift Shop $34 $7 $27

Blake Gift Shop appears to have the strongest financial position because its liabilities make
up the smallest percentage of company assets ($7/$34 = .21). Stated differently, Blake Gift
Shop’s equity is the highest percentage of company assets ($27/$34 = .79).

Liabilities as a percent of total assets:


Waterstreet Bank: $43/$78 = 0.55
Pufferbelly Restaurant: $7/$30 = 0.23
Blake Gift Shop: $7/$34 = 0.21

Chapter 1: The
Chapter 1: TheFinancial
FinancialStatements
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- -Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

E 1-33B
(10-15 min.)

1. Use these data to write Brandeberry’s accounting equation.


2. How much in resources does Brandeberry have to work with?
3. How much does Brandeberry owe creditors?
4. How much of the company’s assets do the Brandeberry stockholders actually own?

Solution:
Req. 1
(Amounts in millions)
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity

$240 $100
390 360
130
Total $760 = $460 + $300

Req. 2
Resources to work with $760

Req. 3
Amount owed to creditors $460

Req. 4
Actually owned by company stockholders $300

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
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Edition

E 1-34B
(10-20 min.)

1. Pillser issued $3 million of stock and declared no dividends.


2. Pillser issued no stock but declared dividends of $4 million.
3. Pillser issued $20 million of stock and declared dividends of $8 million.

Solution:

Situation
1 2 3
(Millions)
Total stockholders' equity,
January 31, 2018 ($49 - $17) $32 $32 $32
Add: Issuances of stock 3 0 20
Net income 14 21 5
Less: Dividends declared 0 (4) (8)
Net loss 0 0 0
Total stockholders' equity,
January 31, 2019 ($72 - $23) $49 $49 $49

*must solve for net income

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ACCOUNTING- -Twelfth
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E 1-35B
(10-15 min.)

Identify the financial statement where these decision makers can find the following
information about Flurry, Inc. In some cases, more than one statement will report the
needed data.

Solution:

a. Balance sheet, Statement of cash flows


b. Statement of cash flows
c. Balance sheet
d. Balance sheet
e. Income statement, Statement of retained earnings, Statement of cash flows
f. Income statement
g. Balance sheet
h. Income statement
i. Balance sheet
j. Statement of cash flows
k. Income statement
l. Balance sheet
m. Statement of retained earnings, Statement of cash flows
n. Balance sheet, Statement of retained earnings

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- -Twelfth
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E 1-36B
(10-20 min.)

Prepare Patterson's balance sheet at December 31, 2018, complete with its proper
heading. Use the accounting equation to compute retained earnings.

Solution:

Patterson Products
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Current assets: Current liabilities:
Cash $ 20,000 Accounts payable $ 22,000
Receivables 17,600 Total current liabilities 22,000
Inventory 78,000 Long-term liabilities:
Total current assets 115,600 Long-term notes payable 173,000
Equipment 186,000 Total liabilities 195,000
Total assets $ 301,600
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock 28,500
Retained earnings 78,100
Total stockholders' equity 106,600
Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity $ 301,600

Computation of retained earnings:


Total assets ($301,600) − current liabilities ($22,000) − long-term notes payable
($173,000) − common stock ($28,500) = $78,100

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- -Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

E 1-37B
(10-20 min.)

Construct the balance sheet of Mary Burke Realty Company at March 31, 2018. Use the
accounting equation to compute ending retained earnings.

Solution:

Mary Burke Realty Company


Balance Sheet
March 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Cash $ 1.6 Current Liabilities $ 2.7
Receivables 0.1 Long-term liabilities 102.3
Investment assets 135.1 Total liabilities 105.0
Property and equipment, net 1.4 STOCKHOLDERS'
Other assets 10.3 EQUITY
Common stock 27.9
Total assets $ 148.5 Retained earnings 15.6
Total stockholders' equity 43.5
Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity $ 148.5

Computation of retained earnings:


Total assets ($148.5) − Total liabilities ($105.0) − Common stock ($27.9) = $15.6

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FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- -Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

E 1-38B
(15-25 min.)

1. Prepare the income statement of Mary Burke Realty Company for the year ended
March 31, 2018.
2. What amount of dividends did Mary Burke Realty Company declare during the
year ended March 31, 2018?

Solution:

Req. 1
Mary Burke Realty Company
Income Statement
Year Ended March 31, 2018
(Amounts in millions)
Total revenue $ 40.4
Expenses:
Salary and other employee expenses $ 15.2
Other expenses 6.6
Interest expense 0.4
Total expenses 22
Net income $ 18.2

Req. 2
The statement of retained earnings helps to compute dividends, as follows:
Mary Burke Realty Company
Statement of Retained Earnings
Year Ended March 31, 2018
(Amounts in millions)
Retained earnings, beginning of year $ 17.2
Add: Net income for the year (Req. 1) 18.2
Subtotal 35.4
Less: Dividends declared* 19.8
Retained earnings, end of year (from Exercise 1-37B) $ 15.6

*($35.4 – $15.6 = $19.8)

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
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Edition

E 1-39B
(15-20 min.)

1. Prepare the income statement and the statement of retained earnings of


Island Coffee Roasters Corporation for the month ended August 31, 2019.

Solution:

Island Coffee Roasters Corporation


Income Statement
For the Month Ended August 31, 2019
Revenue:
Service revenue $ 279,300
Expenses:
Salary expense $ 78,100
Utilities expense 5,800
Rent expense 1,800
Total expenses 85,700
Net income $ 193,600

Island Coffee Roasters Corporation


Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Month Ended August 31, 2019
Retained earnings, August 1, 2019 $ -
Add: Net income 193,600
Subtotal 193,600
Less: Dividends declared (2,700)
Retained earnings, August 31, 2019 $ 190,900

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
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Edition

E 1-40B
(15-20 min.)

1. Prepare the balance sheet of Island Coffee Roasters Corporation for August
31, 2019.

Solution:

Island Coffee Roasters Corporation


Balance Sheet
August 31, 2019
Assets Liabilities
Cash $ 6,000 Accounts payable $ 8,900
Office supplies 7,500
Equipment 200,000 Stockholders' Equity
Common stock 13,700
Total assets $ 213,500 Retained earnings 190,900
Total stockholders' equity 204,600
Total liabilities and
stockholders' $ 213,500

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FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- -Twelfth
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Edition

E 1-41B
(15-20 min.)

1. Prepare the statement of cash flows of Island Coffee Roasters


Corporation for the month ended August 31, 2019. Using Exhibit 1-11 as a
model, show with arrows the relationships among the income statement,
statement of retained earnings, balance sheet, and statement of cash
flows.

Solution:

Island Coffee Roasters Corporation


Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended August 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 193,600
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operations 1,400
Net cash provided by operating activities 195,000
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of equipment $ (200,000)
Net cash used for investing activities (200,000)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Issuance (sale) of stock to owners $ 13,700
Payment of dividends (2,700)
Net cash provided by financing activities 11,000
Net increase in cash $ 6,000
Cash balance, August 1, 2019 0
Cash balance, August 31, 2019 $ 6,000

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FINANCIAL
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E 1-42B
(10-20 min.)

Complete the report giving her your opinion of net income, dividends, financial
position, and cash flows during her first month of operations.

Solution:

TO: Owner of Island Coffee Roasters Corporation

FROM: Student Name

SUBJECT: Opinion of net income, dividends, financial position, and cash


flows

Your first month of operations was successful. Revenues totaled $279,300


and net income was $193,600. These operating results look very strong.
The company was able to pay a $2,700 dividend, and this should make you
happy with so quick a return on your investment. Your financial position looks
secure, with assets of $213,500 and liabilities of only $8,900. Your
stockholders’ equity is $204,600.
Operating activities generated cash of $195,000, which is respectable.
Operating activities are the main source of cash, which is expected for a
thriving company. You ended the month with cash of $6,000. Based on the
above facts, I believe you should stay in business.

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ACCOUNTING Twelfth Edition

E 1-43B
(20-25 min.)

Prepare the following financial statements (with proper headings) for 2018: 1) Income
statement, 2) Statement of retained earnings, 3) Balance sheet.

Solution:

Req. 1
Brewster Company
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Revenue: (millions)
Revenues $ 146
Expenses:
Salary expense $ 28
Rent expense 23
Utilities expense 19
Total expenses 70
Net income $ 76

Req. 2
Brewster Company Statement
of Retained Earnings Year
Ended December 31, 2018
(millions)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2017 $ 76

Add: Net income ($146 - $70) 76


Less: Dividends declared (15)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2018 $ 137

Req. 3
Brewster Company
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Current assets: Current liabilities:
Cash $ 175 Accounts payable 56
Accounts receivable 85 Total current liabilities 56
Total current assets 260 Long-term liabilities:
Property and equipment 39 Long-term notes payable 33
Other long-term assets 25 Total liabilities 89

Total assets $ 324


STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common stock* 98
Retained earnings 137
Total stockholders' equity 235
Total liabilities and
stockholders' equity $ 324

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Common stock = Total stockholders’ equity ($235) – Retained earnings ($137) = $98

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ACCOUNTING Twelfth Edition

Quiz

Q1-44 a
Q1-45 a
Q1-46 b
Q1-47 b
Q1-48 b

Q1-49 a Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity


$83,000 = $23,000 + $60,000

Q1-50 a
Q1-51 b
Q1-52 b
Q1-53 a
Q1-54 d

Q1-55 c [$260,000 - $185,000 - $81,000 - $28,000 = $(34,000)]

Q1-56 b ($300,000 + $200,000 - $55,000 = $445,000)

Q1-57 d
Q1-58 c

Q1-59 c Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity


Beg. $149,000 = $27,000* + $122,000
Changes + 69,000
End. $236,000* = $96,000* + $140,000

*Must solve for these amounts

Q1-60 b Assets - Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity


Beg. bal. $350,000 - $23,000 = $327,000
+ Net income +X
- Dividends - 75,000
End. bal. $530,000 - $36,000 = $494,000

$327,000 + X – $75,000 = $494,000; X = $242,000

Q1-61 d

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FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth
Edition

P 1-62A
(30 min.)

1) Compute the missing amount (?) for each company—amounts in millions.


2) At the end of the year, which company has the highest net income? Highest
percent of net income to revenues?

Solution:

Req. 1
Kennedy Childress,
Corp. Caring Co. Inc.
BALANCE SHEET

Beginning:
Assets $ 76 $ 30 $ 17
Liabilities 51 21 1
Common stock 7 7 6
Retained earnings 18 2 10

Ending:
Assets $ 86 $ 48 $ 20
Liabilities 53 32 0
Common stock 7 12 8
Retained earnings 26 4 12

INCOME STATEMENT
Revenues $ 227 $ 165 $ 22
Expenses 218 157 18
Net income 9 8 4

STATEMENT OF RETAINED EARNINGS


Beginning RE $ 18 $ 2 $ 10
+ Net income 9 8 4
- Dividends declared (1) (6) (2)
= Ending RE $ 26 $ 4 $ 12

Req. 2
Kennedy Corp. Caring Co. Childress, Inc.
(Millions)
Net income $9 $8 $4
Highest

$9 $8 $4
% of net income $227 = 4% $165 = 4.8% $22 = 18.2%
to revenues Highest

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FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth
Edition

P 1-63A
(20-25 min.)

1. Prepare the correct balance sheet and date it properly. Compute total assets,
total liabilities, and stockholders’ equity.
2. Is City News actually in better (or worse) financial position than the
erroneous balance sheet reports? Give the reason for your answer.
3. Identify the accounts listed on the incorrect balance sheet that should not be
reported on the balance sheet. State why you excluded them from the correct
balance sheet you prepared for Requirement 1. On which financial statement should
these accounts appear?

Solution:

Req. 1
City News,
Inc. Balance
Sheet May 31,
Assets 2018 Liabilities
Cash $ 10,000 Accounts payable $ 6,500
Accounts receivable 2,600 Note payable 50,000
Notes receivable 15,800 Total liabilities 56,500
Office supplies 700 Stockholders' equity
Land 81,000
Equipment 35,600 Stockholders' equity* 89,200
Total liabilities and
Total assets $ 145,700 stockholders' equity $ 145,700

*Total assets ($145,700) − Total liabilities ($56,500) = Stockholders’ equity


($89,200).

Req. 2
City News, Inc. is in better (not worse) financial position than the erroneous
balance sheet reports. Total assets ($145,700) are $7,800 higher than
originally reported ($137,900), liabilities are $14,700 lower than originally
reported, and stockholders’ equity is $22,500 higher than reported originally.

Req. 3
The following accounts are not reported on the balance sheet because they
are expenses. These accounts are reported on the income statement.
Utilities expense
Advertising
expense Salary
expense Interest
expense

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P 1-64A
(20-25 min.)

1. Prepare the balance sheet of the real estate business of Brandon Hilton Realtor,
Inc., at June 30, 2019.
2. Does it appear that the realty business can pay its debts? How can you tell?
3. Identify the personal items given in the preceding facts that should not be
reported on the balance sheet of the business.

Solution:

Req. 1
Brandon Hilton Realtor, Inc.
Balance Sheet
June 30, 2019
Assets Liabilities
Cash $ 55,000 Accounts payable $ 16,000
Office supplies 8,000 Note payable 112,000
Land 165,000 Total liabilities 128,000
Furniture 30,000 Stockholders' equity
Franchise 20,000
Common stock 65,000
Retained earnings 85,000
Total stockholders' equity 150,000
Total liabilities and
Total assets $ 278,000 stockholders' equity $ 278,000

*Total assets ($278,000) − Total liabilities ($128,000) − Common stock


($65,000) = Retained earnings ($85,000).

Req. 2
It appears that the business can pay its debts. Total assets exceed total
liabilities.

Req. 3
Personal items not reported on the balance sheet of the business:
a. Personal cash ($15,000)
b. Personal account payable ($3,400)
g. Personal residence ($334,000) and mortgage payable ($182,000)

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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

P 1-65A
(30-45 min.)

1. Prepare the income statement of Oak Hill Garden Supply, Inc., for the year ended
December 31, 2018.
2. Prepare the company’s statement of retained earnings for the year.
3. Prepare the company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2018.
4. Analyze Oak Hill Garden Supply, Inc., by answering these questions:
a. Was Oak Hill Garden Supply profitable during 2018? By how much?
b. Did retained earnings increase or decrease? By how much?
c. Which is greater, total liabilities or total stockholders’ equity? Who has a greater
claim to Oak Hill's assets: its creditors or its stockholders?

Solution:

Req. 1
Oak Hill Garden Supply, Inc.
Income Statement
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Revenue
Service revenue $ 452,600
Expenses
Salary expense $ 108,400
Rent expense 41,200
Interest expense 10,300
Utilities expense 8,800
Property tax expense 7,400
Total expenses 176,100
Net income $ 276,500

Req. 2
Oak Hill Garden Supply, Inc.
Statement of Retained Earnings
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Retained earnings, December 31, 2017 $ 364,600
Add: Net income 276,500
Subtotal 641,100
Less: Dividends declared (107,000)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2018 $ 534,100

Req. 3
Oak Hill Garden Supply, Inc.
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Cash $ 44,000 Accounts payable $ 26,000
Accounts receivable 84,900 Interest payable 2,700
Supplies 6,300 Note payable 99,600
Land 25,000 Total liabilities 128,300
Building 406,000
Equipment 110,000
STOCKHOLDERS’
EQUITY
Common stock 13,800
Retained earnings 534,100
Total stockholders' equity 547,900
Total liabilities and
Total assets $ 676,200 stockholders' equity $ 676,200

Req. 4
a. Oak Hill Garden Supply was profitable; net income was $276,500.

b. Retained earnings increased by $169,500 — from $364,600 to $534,100.

c. Stockholders’ equity ($547,900) exceeds liabilities ($128,300).

The stockholders have a greater claim against Oak Hill Garden Supply’s assets than
do the company’s creditors.

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 48 of 64


FINANCIAL
FINANCIALACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING- Twelfth Edition
- Twelfth Edition

P 1-66A
(20 min.)

1. Prepare Mitchell Company's cash flow statement for the year ended March 31,
2019. Not all items listed will appear on the cash flow statement.
2. What activities provided the largest source of cash? Is this a sign of financial
strength or weakness?

Solution:

Req. 1
Mitchell Company
Statement of Cash Flows
Year Ended March 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities: Millions
Net income $ 3,020
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities 2,420
Net cash provided by operating activities 5,440

Cash flows from investing activities:


Purchases of property, plant, and equipment $ (2,640)
Sales of property, plant, and equipment 25
Other investing cash payments (195)
Net cash used for investing activities (2,810)

Cash flows from financing activities:


Issuance of common stock $ 190
Payment of dividends (265)
Net cash used for financing activities (75)

Net increase in cash $ 2,555


Cash, beginning 220
Cash, ending $ 2,775

Req. 2
Operating activities provided the largest amount of cash. This signals financial
strength because operations should be the main source of cash.

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P 1-67A
(40-50 min.)

1. Complete Calabasa Corporation’s financial statements by determining the


missing amounts denoted by the letters. If necessary, round numbers up to the
nearest whole dollar.

Solution:

INCOME STATEMENT 2019 2018


Revenues 13,920 = $ k $ 14,750
Cost of goods sold (11,100) a = (11,680)
Other expenses (1,300) (1,200)
Income before income taxes 1,520 1,870
Income taxes (35% tax rate) 532 = l (655)
Net income 988 = $ m $ b = 1,215
STATEMENT OF RETAINED EARNINGS
Beginning balance 3,825 = $ n $2,680
Net income 988 = o c = 1,215
Dividends declared (92) (70)
Ending balance 4,721 = $ p $ d = 3,825
BALANCE SHEET
Assets:
Cash 1,020 = $ q $ e = 1,180
Property, plant and equipment 1,547 1,316
Other assets 11,959 = r 11,104
Total assets 14,526 = $ s 13,600
Liabilities:
Current liabilities 4,815 = $ t 5,660
Long-term debt 4,350 3,370
Other liabilities 35 180
Total liabilities 9,200 f = 9,210
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock 425 425
Retained earnings 4,721 = u g = 3,825
Other stockholders’ equity 180 140
Total stockholders’ equity 5,326 = v 4,390
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
stockholders’ equity 14,526 = $ w $ h = 13,600
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Net cash provided by operating activities 630 = $ x 875
Net cash used for investing activities (270) (425)
Net cash used for financing activities (520) (520)
Increase (decrease) in cash (160) i = (70)
Cash at beginning of year 1,180 = y 1,250
Cash at end of year 1,020 = $ z $ j = 1,180

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Edition

P 1-68 B
(30 min.)

Which company has the highest net income? Highest percent


of net income to revenues?

Solution:

Req. 1
Babble Floralties
Co. , Inc. Drake Co.
BALANCE SHEET Millions

Beginning:
Assets $ 79 $ 35 $ 13
Liabilities 51 15 5
Common stock 1 5 2
Retained earnings 27 15 6

Ending:
Assets $ 88 $ 53 $ 15
Liabilities 52 27 4
Common stock 1 12 5
Retained earnings 35 14 6

INCOME STATEMENT
Revenues $ 227 $ 163 $ 27
Expenses 218 153 23
Net income 9 10 4

STATEMENT OF RETAINED EARNINGS


Beginning RE $ 27 $ 15 $ 6
+ Net income 9 10 4
- Dividends declared (1) (11) (4)
= Ending RE $ 35 $ 14 $ 6

Req. 2
Babble Co. Floralties, Inc. Drake Co.
Millions

Net income $9 $10 $4


Highest

% of net $9 $10 $4
income to $227 = 4.0% $163 = 6.1% $27 = 14.8%
revenues Highest

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Edition

P 1-69 B
(20-25 min.)

1. Prepare the correct balance sheet and date it properly. Compute total assets,
total liabilities, and stockholders’ equity.
2. Is Parker Design, Inc., in better (or worse) financial position than the erroneous
balance sheet reports? Give the reason for your answer.
3. Identify the accounts listed on the incorrect balance sheet that should not be
reported on the balance sheet. State why you excluded them from the correct
balance sheet you prepared for Requirement 1. On which financial statement
should these accounts appear?

Solution:

Req. 1
Parker Design, Inc.
Balance Sheet
March 31, 2018
Assets Liabilities
Cash $ 8,000 Accounts payable $ 3,500
Accounts receivable 3,900 Note payable 53,000
Notes receivable 13,000 Total liabilities 56,500
Office supplies 1,400 Stockholders' equity
Land 86,000
Equipment 39,000 Stockholders' equity* 94,800
Total liabilities and
Total assets $ 151,300 stockholders' equity $ 151,300

*Total assets ($151,300) − Total liabilities ($56,500) = Stockholders’


equity ($94,800)

Req. 2
Parker Design, Inc. is in a better financial position than the erroneous
balance sheet reports. Assets are $9,800 greater and liabilities are
$16,300 less than originally reported, and equity is $26,100 greater than
reported originally.

Req. 3
The following accounts are not reported on the balance sheet because
they are expenses. Expenses are reported on the income statement.
Utilities expense
Advertising
Salary expense
Interest expense

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P 1-70 B
(20-25 min.)

1. Prepare the balance sheet of the real estate business of Hudson Alvarez
Realtor, Inc., at June 30, 2019.
2. Does it appear that the realty business can pay its debts? How can you tell?
3. Identify the personal items given in the preceding facts that should not be
reported on the balance sheet of the business.

Solution:

Req. 1
Hudson Alvarez Realtor, Inc.
Balance Sheet
June 30, 2019
Assets Liabilities
Cash $ 44,000 Accounts payable $ 9,000
Office supplies 4,000 Note payable 102,000
Land 162,000 Total liabilities 111,000
Furniture 17,600 Stockholders' equity
Franchise 16,000
Common stock 75,000
Retained earnings 57,600
Total stockholders' equity 132,600
Total liabilities and
Total assets $ 243,600 stockholders' equity $ 243,600

*Total assets ($243,600) − Total liabilities ($111,000) − Common stock


($75,000) = Retained earnings ($57,600).

Req. 2
It appears that Hudson Alvarez’s business can pay its debts. Total assets
far exceed total liabilities.

Req. 3
Personal items not reported on the balance sheet of the business:
a. Personal cash ($17,000)
b. Personal account payable ($6,500)
g. Personal residence ($419,000) and personal mortgage ($179,000)

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P 1-71 B
(30-45 min.)

1. Prepare the income statement of Full Moon Products, Inc., for the year ended
December 31, 2018.
2. Prepare the company’s statement of retained earnings for the year.
3. Prepare the company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2018.
4. Analyze Full Moon Products, Inc., by answering these questions:
a. Was Full Moon profitable during 2018? By how much?
b. Did retained earnings increase or decrease? By how much?
c. Which is greater, total liabilities or total stockholders’ equity? Who has a greater
claim to Full Moon Products’s assets: its creditors or its stockholders?

Solution:

Req. 1
Full Moon Products, Inc.
Income Statement
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Revenue:
Service revenue $ 451,600
Expenses:
Salary expense $ 108,900
Rent expense 41,000
Interest expense 10,000
Utilities expense 8,100
Property tax expense 7,300
Total expenses 175,300
Net income $ 276,300

Req. 2
Full Moon Products, Inc.
Statement of Retained Earnings
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Retained earnings, December 31, 2017 $ 364,800
Add: Net income 276,300
Subtotal 641,100
Less: Dividends declared (108,000)
Retained earnings, December 31, 2018 $ 533,100

Req. 3
Full Moon Products, Inc.
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2018
ASSETS LIABILITIES
Cash $ 46,000 Accounts payable $ 25,000
Accounts receivable 85,000 Interest payable 2,800
Supplies 6,200 Note payable 99,200
Land 29,000 Total liabilities 127,000
Building 405,000
Equipment 115,000
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common stock 26,100
Retained earnings 533,100
Total stockholders' equity 559,200
Total liabilities and
Total assets $ 686,200 stockholders' equity $ 686,200

Req. 4

a. Full Moon Products was profitable; net income was $276,300.

b. Retained earnings increased by $168,300 — from $364,800 to $533,100.

c. Total equity ($559,200) exceeds total liabilities ($127,000).

Therefore, the stockholders have a greater claim against the company’s assets than
do the creditors.

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 54 of 64


FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING--Twelfth
Twelfth Edition
Edition

P 1-72 B
(20 min.)

1. Prepare Tidal Wave Company's cash flow statement for the year ended March 31,
2019. Not all the items listed will appear on the cash flow statement.
2. Which activities provided the largest source of cash? Is this a sign of financial
strength or weakness?

Solution:

Req. 1
Tidal Wave Company
Statement of Cash Flows
Year Ended March 31, 2019
Millions
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 3,050
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
provided by operating activities 2,380
Net cash provided by operating activities 5,430

Cash flows from investing activities:


Purchases of property, plant, and equipment $ (3,500)
Sales of property, plant, and equipment 60
Other investing cash payments (200)
Net cash used for investing activities (3,640)

Cash flows from financing activities:


Issuance of common stock $ 200
Payment of dividends (360)
Net cash used for financing activities (160)

Net increase in cash $ 1,630


Cash, beginning 270
Cash, ending $ 1,900

Req. 2
Operating activities provided the bulk of Tidal Wave Company's cash. This is a
sign of strength because operations should be the main source of cash.

Chapter 1:
Chapter 1: The
The Financial
Financial Statements Page
Page55
56of
of64
64
Statements
FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING--Twelfth
Twelfth Edition
Edition

P 1-73 B
(40-50 min.)

1. Complete Weaverton Corporation’s financial statements by determining the missing


amounts denoted by the letters. If necessary, round numbers up to the nearest whole
dollar.

Solution:

INCOME STATEMENT 2019 2018


Revenues 13,800 = $ k $ 16,175
Cost of goods sold (11,020) a = (13,115)
Other expenses (1,250) (1,220)
Income before income taxes 1,530 1,840
Income taxes (35% tax rate) 536 = l (644)
Net income 994 = $ m $ b 1,196
STATEMENT OF RETAINED =
EARNINGS
Beginning balance 3,726 = $ n 2,670
Net income 994 = o c = 1,196
Dividends declared (98) (140)
Ending balance 4,622 = $ p $ d 3,726
BALANCE SHEET =
Assets:
Cash 980 = $ q $ e = 1,090
Property, plant and equipment 1,487 1,316
Other assets 12,205 = r 12,060
Total assets 14,672 = $ s 14,466
Liabilities:
Current liabilities 3,955 = $ t 5,610
Long-term debt 4,450 3,360
Other liabilities 995 1,140
Total liabilities 9,400 f = 10,110
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock $450 450
Retained earnings 4,622 = u g = 3,726
Other stockholders’ equity 200 180
Total stockholders’ equity 5,272 = v 4,356
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ w $ h 14,466
stockholders’
14,672 equity ==
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Net cash provided by operating activities 700 = $ x $875
Net cash used for investing activities (300) (575)
Net cash used for financing activities (510) (500)

Chapter 1:
Chapter 1: The
The Financial
Financial Statements Page
Page56
56of
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64
Statements
FINANCIAL
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING--Twelfth
Twelfth Edition
Edition

Increase (decrease) in cash (110) i = (200)


Cash at beginning of year 1,090 = y 1,290
Cash at end of year = $ z $ j = 1,090
980

Chapter 1:
Chapter 1: The
The Financial
Financial Statements Page
Page57
56of
of64
64
Statements
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

Serial Case
(15-20 min.)

1. What form of business organization is The Cheesecake Factory? How do you


know?
2. Identify what line item flows from the income statement to the statement of
retained earnings.
3. Identify the line item that flows from the statement of retained earnings to the
balance sheet.
4. Identify the line item that flows from the statement of cash flows to the balance
sheet.
5. Did The Cheesecake Factory have net income or net loss for its fiscal year
2016? (The Cheesecake Factory’s 2016 fiscal year end is January 3, 2017.) Over
what period of time was this amount earned?
6. Write The Cheesecake Factory’s accounting equation as of January 3, 2017.
7. How much in total resources does The Cheesecake Factory have to work with
at January 3, 2017? How much does The Cheesecake Factory owe to creditors at
January 3, 2017?

Solution

Req. 1

1. The Cheesecake Factory is organized as a corporation, per the name of the


business (“Incorporated”).

Req. 2

2. Net income flows from the Income Statement to the Statement of Retained
Earnings.

Req. 3

3. Ending retained earnings flows from the Statement of Retained Earnings to the
Balance Sheet.

Req. 4

4. Cash and cash equivalents flows from the Statement of Cash Flows to the
Balance Sheet.

Req. 5

5. The Cheesecake Factory earned net income of $139,494 (in thousands) in


fiscal 2016. This income was earned from December 29, 2015 to January 3, 2017.

Req. 6

Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’ Equity

$1,293,319 = $690,112* + $603,207

Req. 7

7. Cheesecake Factory had $1,293,319 (Total Assets) to work with and owes
$690,112* (Total Liabilities) to creditors. (Numbers in thousands)

*($376,526 + $313,586 = $690,112)

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 58 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

Decision Case 1
(30-40 min.)

1. Using only these balance sheets, to which entity would you be more
comfortable lending money? Explain fully, citing specific items and amounts
from the respective balance sheets.

Solution:

Based solely on these balance sheets, Insley Sales Co. appears to be the better
credit risk because:

1. Queens Service has more assets ($150,000) than Insley Sales ($65,000), but
Queens Service owes much more in liabilities ($130,000 versus $15,000 for
Insley Sales). Insley Sales’ stockholders’ equity is far greater than that of
Queens Service ($50,000 compared to $20,000). Insley Sales is not heavily in
debt, but Queens Service is.

2. You would be better off granting the loan to Insley Sales. You should consider
what will happen if the borrower cannot pay you back as planned. Queens
Service has far more liabilities to pay, and it may be hard for Queens Service to
come up with the money to pay you. On the other hand, Insley Sales has little
debt to pay to others before paying you.

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 59 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

Decision Case 2
(20-30 min.)

1. Prepare corrected financial statements.


2. Use your corrected statements to evaluate Flowers Unlimited’s
results of operations and financial position.
3. Will you invest in Flowers Unlimited? Give your reason.

Solution:
Req. 1
Flowers Unlimited, Inc.
Income Statement
Year Ended Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue1………… $ 140,000
2
Expenses ……….. 140,000

Net income……… $ -

Flowers Unlimited, Inc.


Balance Sheet
Dec. 31, 2018
4
Cash $ 6,000 Liabilities $ 70,000
Other assets 3 $ 90,000 S/H Equity5 26,000
Total liabilities and
Total assets $ 96,000 S/H Equity $ 96,000

1
$100,000 + $40,000 = $140,000
2
$80,000 + $50,000 + $10,000 = $140,000
3
$100,000 − $50,000 + $40,000 = $90,000
4
$60,000 + $10,000 = $70,000
5
$96,000 − $70,000 = $26,000

Req. 2
The company’s financial position is much weaker than originally
reported. Assets and stockholders’ equity are lower and liabilities are
higher. Results of operations are worse than reported. The company did
not earn any profit.

Req. 3
Based on the actual figures, I would not invest in Flowers Unlimited for
reasons given in Req. 2.

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 60 of 64


FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

Ethical Issues
(40-50 min.)

1. What is the ethical issue in this situation?


2. Who are the stakeholders? What are the possible consequences to each?
3. Analyze the alternatives from the following standpoints: (a) economic, (b) legal, and
(c) ethical.
4. What would you do? How would you justify your decision? How would your decision
make you feel afterward?
5. How is this similar to a business situation?

Solution:

Req. 1
The fundamental ethical issue in this situation is whether you should accept a copy of
the old exam from your friend.

Req. 2
The stakeholders are:
a. You
b. Your friend
c. The remainder of students in the class
d. The professor
e. The University
f. Your family

Req. 3
Analysis of the problem:
Economic perspective: If use of the old exam turns out to help you (it may not) you
might improve your grade and allow you to retain your scholarship. This might help
you and your family financially. If you use the exam to your unfair advantage, and you
are reported, you and possibly your friend might receive grades of F in the class
although you might otherwise have passed. This could cause adverse economic
consequences to you, your friend and your families.
Legal perspective: Although it may not violate local or federal law, giving or accepting
copies of old exams may violate the university’s honor code, which serves the same
purpose as a legal code in this case. If you use the old exam and it turns out that you
violated the University’s honor code, both you and your friend could be in trouble. Your
family and your friend’s family could also be impacted by any adverse consequences to
you or her. Academic institutions establish policies against academic dishonesty
because cheating hurts everyone—the student who commits the act, the other students
in the class whose rights to fair treatment are violated by cheating, and the professor
who must endure hours of investigating, reporting, and perhaps testifying.
Ethical perspective: Receiving questionable help from others in the face of policies
that prohibit it is, at best, risky, and at worst, downright wrong. Cheating is similar to
stealing, since it is stealing the work of another without their permission. It is usually
accompanied by lying to cover it up, or at least, not revealing the truth. Cheating
violates other students’ rights to fair and equal treatment. It violates the instructor’s
rights to run a course as a “fair game” for all participants. Because the students and
faculty are hurt by cheating, the university is hurt too. If cheating goes unpunished,
grades are inflated, ultimately damaging the academic reputation of the institution and
eroding the value of its degrees. Parents of students who are caught cheating have to
endure the agony of working through the problem with their son or daughter, and
perhaps the social stigma that comes from adverse publicity.

These are just some of the arguments against cheating. Of course, there is a question
in this case as to whether taking the test actually violates the professor’s or the
university’s policies.

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 62


61 of 64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING - Twelfth Edition

Req. 4
It would be helpful to find out what the professor’s policies are with respect to the use of
fraternity and sorority test files. The university might have a blanket policy on this.
(Some students might spend a little time researching this by reading the university’s
honor code on their web site; just reading the honor code will be an eye-opening
experience for most students). Advise your students to research the use of fraternity
and sorority test files on the university web site, or to discuss the issue with the head of
the department or the chair of the university honor council.

Unfortunately, in this case, there is not much time. Researching the issue in the
university’s honor code takes valuable time away from studying for the exam, which, if
you do, could help you raise your grade and solve the whole problem!

Probably the best solution to this problem is “when in doubt, don’t.” You may not do
well on the test, but at least you won’t have to live with the terrible consequences of
being accused as a cheater. It should make you feel better in the long run that,
although you may not make the highest grades in the class, at least you are not a
cheater.

Req. 5
Cheating is very closely related to stealing, which is a form of fraud. When
employees steal from their companies, they steal property that belongs to
others. There are economic, legal, and ethical consequences to the
company, the employee and their families, and customers (who ultimately
have to pay for fraud through higher prices). We will study fraud in depth in
Chapter 4.

Chapter 1: The Financial Statements Page 62


61 of 64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING -- Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

Apple Inc.
(20-30 min.)

1. Go online and do some research on Apple Inc. and its industry. Use one or more
popular websites like http://finance.yahoo.com or http://www.google.com/finance. Write
a paragraph (about 100 words) that describes the industry, some current developments,
and a projection for future growth.
2. Read Part I, Item 1 (Business) of Apple’s annual report. What do you learn here and
why is it important?
3. Name at least one of Apple’s competitors. Why is this information important in
evaluating Apple’s financial performance?
4. Suppose you own stock in Apple. If you could pick one item on the company’s
Consolidated Statements of Operations to increase year after year, what would it be?
Why is this item so important? Did this item increase or decrease during fiscal 2016? Is
this good news or bad news for the company?
5. What was Apple’s largest expense in 2014 - 2016? In your own words, explain the
meaning of this item. Give specific examples of items that make up this expense. The
chapter gives another title for this expense. What is it?
6. Use the Consolidated Balance Sheets of Apple in Appendix A to answer these
questions: At the end of fiscal 2016, how much in total resources did Apple have to work
with? How much did the company owe? How much of its assets did the company’s
stockholders actually own? Use these amounts to write Apple’s accounting equation at
September 24, 2016.
7. How much cash and cash equivalents did Apple have at September 26, 2015? How
much cash and cash equivalents did Apple have at September 24, 2016?

Solution:

1. Students can emphasize a variety of points regarding Apple Inc., and its industry.
For example, a discussion on the product innovation and competitive changes in
technology would be appropriate. Additionally, discussing recent news articles
related to Apple or its competitors would also be appropriate. Student answers will
vary.

2. Some important information in this portion of the financials is the description of


their distribution channels (third-party resellers), competitors (product innovation,
market opportunities, etc.), and supply chain (shortages, component availability,
outsourcing, etc.). Additionally, the seasonality of Apple’s business is important to
note given that it has higher sales in its first quarter relative to the last three.
Lastly, it may come as a surprise that Apple employs approximately 116,000 full-
time employees. (Student answers will vary.)

3. Samsung, Google, Sony, or HP are some of Apple Inc.’s competitors. It is


important to identify competitors because competitors tend to have similar
business dynamics to one another, meaning that their financial statements can be
compared to and benchmarked against each other. Student answers will vary

4. Net income, because it shows the overall result of all the revenues minus all the
expenses for a period. In effect, net income gives the results of operations in a
single figure and shows whether the company has been profitable. Apple’s net
income after taxes decreased from $53.4 billion in 2015 to $45.7 billion in 2016,
which is unfavorable.

5. Apple Inc.’s largest expense is cost of sales. This is the cost of the products that
the company sells, such as iPhones, iPads, Apple TVs, software, and Mac
desktops. Another title of this account is cost of goods sold.

6. Total resources (total assets) at September 24, 2016.….$321,686 million

Amount owed (total liabilities) at September 24, 2016….$193,437 million

Portion of the company’s assets owned by the stockholders (stockholders’ equity)


at September 24, 2016...………….$128,249 million

Apple Inc.’s accounting equation (in millions) :


Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity
$321,686 = $193,437 + $128,249

Chapter 1: The Financial


Financial Statements
Statements Page 64
Page 63 of 64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING -- Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

7. At September 26, 2015, Apple Inc. had $21,120 million of cash and cash
equivalents. At September 24, 2016, Apple Inc. had $20,484 million of cash and
cash equivalents.

Chapter 1: The Financial


Financial Statements
Statements Page 64
Page 63 of 64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING -- Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

Under Armour, Inc.


(30 min.)

1. Go online and do some research on Under Armour and its industry. Use one or more
popular websites like http://finance.yahoo.com or http://www.google.com/finance. Write
a paragraph (about 100 words) that describes the industry, some current
developments, and a projection for where the industry is headed.
2. Read Note 1—(Description of Business) of Under Armour’s annual report. What do
you learn here and why is it important?
3. Name two of Under Armour's competitors. Why is this information important in
evaluating Under Armour's financial performance?
4. Write Under Armour’s accounting equation at December 31, 2016 (express all items
in millions and round to the nearest $1 million). Does Under Armour’s financial
condition look strong or weak? How can you tell?
5. What was the result of Under Armour’s operations during 2016? Identify both the
name and the dollar amount of the result of operations for 2016. Does an increase (or
decrease) signal good news or bad news for the company and its stockholders?
6. Examine retained earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity.
What caused retained earnings to increase during 2016?
7. Which statement reports cash and cash equivalents as part of Under Armour’s
financial position? Which statement tells why cash and cash equivalents increased (or
decreased) during the year? Which activities caused the company's cash and cash
equivalents to change during 2016, and how much did each activity provide or use?

Solution:

1. Under Armour, Inc. is an athletic apparel company. Students can


emphasize a variety of points regarding Under Armour, Inc. and its
industry. For example, a discussion on the brand, new product
development, etc. would be appropriate. Additionally, discussing recent
news articles related to Under Armour or its competitors would also be
appropriate. (Student answers will vary.)

2. Note 1 states Under Armour is a developer, marketer and distributor of


branded performance apparel, footwear, and accessories. These
products are sold worldwide and worn by athletes of all levels and
consumers with active lifestyles.

3. Nike, Adidas, and Columbia Sportswear are some of Under Armour,


Inc.’s competitors. It is important to identify competitors because
competitors tend to have similar business dynamics to one another,
meaning that their financial statements can be compared to and
benchmarked against each other. (Student answers will vary.)

4. Under Armour, Inc.’s Accounting Equation (in millions):


Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders’ Equity
$3,644 = $1,613 + $2,031

Under Armour, Inc. appears to be in strong financial condition. Total


assets are significantly higher than the amount of total liabilities. This
suggests that the company will have no difficulty paying its debts and will
have money to expand.

5. The result of operations for 2016 was a net income of $256,979


thousand. This is good news for Under Armour, Inc. Revenue exceeded
expenses for fiscal 2016, and there is a positive trend in earnings over
the past two years ($208,042 thousand, $232,573 thousand, and
$256,979 thousand in fiscal 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively).The
increase in net income signals good news.

6. According to Under Armour, Inc.’s Consolidated Statements of


Stockholders’ Equity, the cause of the company’s large increase in
retained earnings during 2016 was comprehensive income of $256,979
thousand. (Comprehensive income is closely related to net income.)

7. The Consolidated Balance Sheets report cash and cash equivalents as


part of the company’s financial position. The Consolidated Statements of
Cash Flows tell why cash and cash equivalents increased or decreased.
Operating activities provided $304,487 thousand, investing activities

Chapter 1: The Financial


Financial Statements
Statements Page 64
Page 63 of 64
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING -- Twelfth
TwelfthEdition
Edition

used $381,139 thousand, and financing activities provided $205,995


thousand.

Chapter 1: The Financial


Financial Statements
Statements Page 64
Page 63 of 64
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dem Sonnenstrählchen auf dem Turmknopf spähen, wird dann ein
Paar von eurem ritterlichen Geschlecht dort oben wieder horsten auf
stolzer Burg über dem Treiben und der Unruhe der Welt? (Abb. 4).
Willkommen seid ihr uns, uns und der heimlichen neugierigen
Kamera!

Fußnote:
[1] Nach eigenen Beobachtungen und Mitteilungen der Herren
Kantor Bretschneider, Obersekretär Walter, Kirchendiener Klemm,
Glöckner Lohse und des Herrn A. Schreiber in Freiberg.
Ins Trappengebiet
Von Friedrich A. Bäßler
Acht wetterfeste Ornithologen, ein Weiblein und sieben Männlein
begrüßten sich am frühen Morgen auf dem Bahnhof in Großenhain.
Wetterfest, denn auf dem Wege zum Bahnhof in Dresden war man
schon einmal »durch« geworden vom Schnee und Regen, den der
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regnete, ging’s mit gutem Mute voraus ins Trappenrevier. Aus dem
Park am Ufer der Röder begrüßte der Zilp-Zalp als erster Vertreter
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Weiter wandern wir auf Skassa zu, das von drüben über der
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eine Brücke ins Dorf. Wir halten uns rechts auf einem Feldweg, an
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Rauchschwalben hastigen Fluges durcheinanderfliegen. Für diese
armen Tierchen, die ja nur fliegende Insekten fangen können, ist
noch karge Zeit. Mücken und Fliegen halten sich vor der Kälte noch
verborgen in ihren Schlupfwinkeln. Drüben jenseits des Wassers
erfreuen Fasanen das Auge der Beobachter. Frisch gestärkt geht’s
nun weiter. Ein prächtiges Bild bietet die Neumühle drüben am
andern Ufer. In breitem Bette strömt das Wasser schäumend über
ein flaches Steinwehr, über dem dicht der schmale Steg in den
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Nun gehts aber ernstlich hinein ins Trappengebiet. Auf Feldwegen
nähern wir uns Weißig, dessen Windmühle schon über den
Höhenrücken herüberschaut. Auffällig viele Hasen treiben hier auf
den Feldern ihr Wesen. Bald links, bald rechts sucht einer,
aufgescheucht durch unser Nahen, das Weite. Dicht beim Dorfe sind
mindestens zwanzig Vertreter dieser Sippe auf engstem Raume
versammelt und lassen sich beim »Karussell« bewundern, das heißt
sie jagen sich unermüdlich im Kreise herum, einer hinter dem
andern.
Wir haben nun Weißig durchschritten und vor uns in einiger
Entfernung liegen die Häuser von Roda im schönsten
Sonnenschein. Dort, vor jener schiefergedeckten Scheune balzten
die Trappen im vorigen Jahre. Jetzt also die Prismengläser zur
Hand, und aufgepaßt! Aufmerksam durchforschen wir das Gelände.
Nichts ist zu sehen von den stattlichen Vögeln. Also näher heran!
Wir folgen der Straße nach Wildenhain. Von da haben wir die Felder
vor Roda in günstigster Beleuchtung vor uns. Aller paar Schritte
bleiben wir stehen, um die Gegend zu durchmustern. Endlich ruft
jemand: »Dort sind sie.« In einer Bodentelle bewegen sich braune
Gestalten und schneeweiße Flecken leuchten im Sonnenschein
herüber. »Ja, jetzt habe ich sie auch.« So ruft einer nach dem
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als der Führer behauptet, das seien nur Rehe, deren Spiegel so hell
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dreht er sich langsam um und über dem Braun der herabhängenden
Flügel und des Rückens wird der graue Hals sichtbar. Mehrere
Hennen, wesentlich kleiner als der Hahn, stehen und liegen um ihn
herum. Nun ist das »Jagd-« oder besser »Beobachtungs«-Fieber
erwacht. Wir müssen noch näher heranzukommen suchen. Auf
Rainen und Feldwegen pirschen wir uns heran. Von Zeit zu Zeit tun
wir einen Blick durchs Glas, dann geht’s weiter. Da streichen von
Weißig her zwei Trappen heran, und jetzt entdecken wir immer mehr
der großen Vögel. Einunddreißig Stück zählen wir mit Befriedigung,
darunter auch noch einige Hähne, doch sie haben uns eräugt, und
langsam ziehen sie von uns weg. Auf einem Umweg gelingt es uns
noch einmal, auf einhundertfünfzig Meter heranzukommen, so daß
wir den ganzen Trupp mit einem Blick überschauen können. Alle
Einzelheiten können wir durchs Prismenglas erkennen: die grauen
Hälse, die braunen Rücken, die schwarzgesäumten Flügel und den
Backenbart der Hähne. Fürwahr, ein prächtiges Bild fürs
Ornithologenherz und für jeden Naturfreund.
Doch die Trappen lieben es nicht, daß der Mensch sich so
eingehend mit ihnen beschäftigt. Langsam machen sie kehrt und
bewegen sich von uns weg, und als wir noch näher herangehen, da
erhebt sich einer der scheuen Vögel nach dem andern. Ruhigen
Flügelschlages geht’s fort. Ein Bild, nicht weniger wirkungsvoll als
vorhin, so fünfundzwanzig der großen Flieger in dichtem Schwarm
beieinander in der Luft zu sehen. Den Hals gerade nach vorn
gestreckt, die Ständer nach hinten gelegt, so ziehen die schweren
Vögel scheinbar mühelos dahin, den neugierigen Beobachtern zu
entgehen, um nach kurzer Zeit wieder Fuß zu fassen.
Voll befriedigt verschnaufen wir ein Weilchen. Wir suchen noch die
Stelle auf, wo vorhin der Hahn balzte. Dort liegen einige der großen
schneeweißen Dunenfedern, die wir uns zur Erinnerung an die
Trappenbalz mitnehmen.
Und während wir rasten, da erörtern wir das Thema, ob hier nicht
eine lohnende Aufgabe für den Verein Heimatschutz wäre, diese
einzigartigen »Hühnerstelzen«, die in solcher Zahl wohl nirgends
mehr in Sachsen vorkommen, zu schützen. Denn es wäre
jammerschade, sollte dieser Steppenvogel etwa ganz verschwinden.
Doch ist wohl noch kein Grund für ein Eingreifen vorhanden. Die
Zahl hat sich in den letzten Jahren immer auf derselben Höhe
gehalten. Der Vogel weiß sich selbst am besten zu schützen. Seine
Größe läßt ihn den Feind schon von weitem erkennen. Jetzt wo Klee
und Getreide noch niedrig sind, kann man näher nicht herankommen
als wir. Wenn dann gegen Ende Mai die Äcker kniehoch bewachsen
sind, dann kann man sich wohl auf fünfzig bis fünfundsiebzig Meter
heranschleichen, dann sind aber auch die Tiere viel schwerer zu
entdecken. Und wie klug die Tiere sind, das konnten wir im vorigen
Jahre beobachten. Zum Greifen nahe flogen sie über die
arbeitenden Bauern und Pferde hinweg, während sie uns nicht näher
heranließen als auf einhundertfünfundzwanzig bis einhundertfünfzig
Meter. So kommt es, daß nur selten einmal eine Trappe zur Strecke
kommt, wie erfahrene Jäger der dortigen Gegend versichern.
Unerwartet schnell hatte uns der Vormittag einen so guten Erfolg
beschert, und da wir den Tag noch vor uns hatten und das Wetter
gut war, so beschlossen wir, den Teichen zwischen Koselitz und
Frauenhain im Norden unsres Gebiets noch einen Besuch
abzustatten. Am Glaubitzer Pfarrbusch vorbei, über Radewitz
strebten wir dem Höhenzuge zu, an dessen Fuße der Grödel-
Elsterwerdaer Floßgraben von Süd-West nach Nord-Ost sich
hinzieht. Die feuchten Wiesen wären so recht ein Gelände für den
Brachvogel gewesen und die sandigen Äcker auf der Höhe für den
Triel, aber keiner von beiden zeigte sich uns. Nur Kiebitze riefen uns
im wuchtelnden Flug ihren Namen zu.
An windgeschützter Stelle wurde aus dem Rucksack ein
»Promenadendiner« eingenommen, dann gings weiter in Richtung
Koselitz. Ein Schnee- und Regenschauer erinnerte uns daran, daß
der April noch am Ruder sei. Es war aber eine letzte, schüchterne
Mahnung, denn ein wundervoller Nachmittag war uns noch
beschieden. Allerhand boten uns noch die Koselitzer Teiche.
Schwarz-, Rothals- und Haubentaucher, Bläßhühner, Stock-, Schell-
und Tafelenten belebten die Wasserfläche. Die freudigste
Überraschung bot uns aber der Neue Teich bei Frauenhain, als wir
im Schilf Freund Adebar »herumstorchen« sahen. Als wir dann im
Dorfwirtshause bei einem Schälchen »Heeßen« von den Strapazen
der Wanderung uns erholten, da erfuhren wir, daß ein besetztes
Storchnest im Dorfe vorhanden sei. Ein Besuch bei ihm sollte den
würdigen Abschluß des so erfolgreichen Tages bilden. Im Garten
hinter der Scheune von Nummer einundvierzig steht es auf einer
hohen Eiche. Drei mächtige Äste, die schräg emporwachsen, bilden
eine vorzügliche Unterlage für den massigen Horst. Frau Adebar saß
– wie es schien brütend – darin. Und während wir schauen und uns
berichten lassen vom Besitzer des Grundstückes, daß das Nest seit
vierzig bis fünfzig Jahren immer besetzt gewesen ist, da kommt auch
der Gatte herangestrichen, fußt auf dem Nestrande und verflicht
einen mitgebrachten Zweig ins Gewirr der schon vorhandenen.
Lange stehen wir und freuen uns des in unsrer Heimat so selten
gewordenen Anblicks und übersehen dabei auch die Spatzen nicht,
die im Neste des großen Vettern ihre winzige Kinderstube
aufgeschlagen haben.
In halbstündigem Marsch ist dann die Station Frauenhain erreicht,
und rasch bringt uns das Berliner »Zügle« den heimischen Penaten
zu. Die Fahrt gibt uns noch einmal Gelegenheit, zu überdenken, was
uns an Schönem der Tag alles beschert hat.
Aus einem alten Stammbuche
Von Geh. Reg.-Rat Benno von Polenz
Vor mir liegt ein altes Stammbuch aus dem letzten Drittel des
achtzehnten Jahrhunderts. Es trägt den Titel
Denkmahl der Freundschaft
gestiftet von Christian Ferdinand von Reiboldt.
Reinsdorff 1772.
Die Einträge sind aus den Jahren 1772 bis 1777.
Christian Ferdinand von Reiboldt entstammte einem inzwischen
ausgestorbenen vogtländischen Adelsgeschlechte, an welches noch
jetzt die Ortsnamen »Reiboldsruhe« und »Reiboldsgrün« erinnern.
Die Überlieferung berichtet, es habe früher »das halbe Vogtland« der
Familie von Reibold (so schrieb sie sich zuletzt) gehört. Der Vater
Christian Ferdinands besaß Reinsdorf, ein Gut in nächster Nähe von
Plauen. Hier ist unser Christian Ferdinand im Jahre 1754 geboren
worden. Den ersten Unterricht erhielt er von Haushofmeistern, wie
es damals bei jungen Kavalieren der Brauch war. Es waren
Kandidaten der Theologie. Ihre Namen sind am Schlusse des
Buches verewigt. Sie haben sich bescheidentlich auf den letzten
Blättern eingetragen, obwohl die Einträge der Zeit nach zu den
ersten gehören. Christian Ferdinand hat dann (offenbar im Jahre
1773) die Universität Leipzig bezogen und dort seine Studien bis
zum Jahre 1777 fortgesetzt.
Er hat – den Einträgen nach zu schließen – einen großen
Bekanntenkreis gehabt. Wiegt zunächst der grundbesitzende Adel
der näheren und weiteren Umgegend von Plauen vor, so treten von
dem Augenblick an, wo Christian Ferdinand von Reiboldt nach
Leipzig kommt, das Bürgertum und die gelehrten Kreise sowie die
Studentenschaft in den Vordergrund.
Leipzig stand im achtzehnten Jahrhundert im Mittelpunkt des
geistigen Lebens. Darum hatte Goethes Vater im Jahre 1765 mit
solchem Nachdrucke verlangt, daß Leipzig die erste Universität sei,
die sein Sohn besuchen solle. Allerdings waren inzwischen zwei der
berühmtesten Professoren – Gottsched und Gellert – gestorben.
Immerhin besaß Leipzig noch eine Anzahl von Männern, deren
Namen einen guten Klang hatten, vor allem die Professoren Clodius
und Ernesti, sowie den Singspieldichter und Jugendschriftsteller
Weiße, einen der vertrautesten Freunde Lessings, der auch auf den
jungen Goethe nicht ohne Einfluß gewesen war. Noch immer
standen jedem Kunstbegeisterten die Kunstanstalten und die reichen
Sammlungen Leipziger Bürger zur Verfügung. Noch immer war
Leipzig der Mittelpunkt des deutschen Buchhandels und
Buchgewerbes, wo die wichtigsten Erzeugnisse deutschen
Geisteslebens gedruckt, verlegt und vertrieben wurden. Noch immer
kamen bedeutende Leute von auswärts herbei, um für einige Tage
oder Wochen die Luft Leipzigs zu atmen, denn die einmal
geschaffene geistige Atmosphäre verflüchtigt sich nicht so leicht, um
so mehr als die Abzugskanäle – Verkehrs- und Zeitungswesen –
damals viel enger waren als heutzutage.
Neben Wissenschaft und Kunst blühte in Leipzig der gesellige
Verkehr. Goethe hatte ihn selbst in reichem Maße genossen. In den
Familien der großen Handelsherren, nicht zum wenigsten in denen
der Buchhändler, waren Studenten, die sich dem Tone des Hauses
anzupassen wußten, gern gesehene Gäste. Wie herzlich sich die
Beziehungen Goethes zu der Familie des feinsinnigen Buchdruckers
und Musikalienhändlers Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf gestaltet
hatten, geht aus dem achten Buche von »Dichtung und Wahrheit«
hervor. Weniger bekannt ist die Tatsache, daß Goethe, nachdem er
Leipzig verlassen hatte, in brieflicher Verbindung mit der Familie
Breitkopf blieb, hierbei den jüngeren Sohn mit »Bruder Gottlob«
anredete und des älteren unter der gleichen Bezeichnung – »Bruder
Bernhard« – gedachte[2].
Daß der Verkehr der Studenten untereinander sich gleichfalls
immer in so gesitteten Bahnen bewegt habe, muß, wenn man sich
die Szene in Auerbachs Keller vor Augen hält, billig bezweifelt
werden. Immerhin wissen wir aus »Dichtung und Wahrheit«, daß
auch innerhalb der Studentenschaft Quellen geistiger Anregung
flossen.
Dies war die Umwelt auch unsers jungen Reiboldt. Die Einträge im
Stammbuche reden eine deutliche Sprache. Der Zahl nach
überwiegen naturgemäß die Einträge von Studenten. Aus allen
Gegenden Deutschlands stammen sie. Aber auch Ausländer haben
sich verhältnismäßig häufig eingezeichnet. Man würde sie nach
ihrem Namen und nach der Art ihres Eintrags nicht immer als solche
erkennen, wenn nicht viele der Einzeichner nach guter alter Sitte bei
ihrem Namen die Heimat angegeben hätten. Wir finden Leute aus
Holland, England, Dänemark, Schweden, Norwegen, Kurland,
Livland, Estland, Polen und dem eigentlichen Rußland.
Von den Universitätslehrern haben sich eingetragen:
Der in Gottscheds Bahnen wandelnde Christian August Clodius,
Professor der Philosophie und Poesie (Goethe hatte seine
Vorlesungen besucht, ihn aber als Dichter nicht allzuhoch
einzuschätzen gewußt und ein seine dichterischen Eigenheiten
nachahmendes Spottgedicht verfaßt),
Johann August Ernesti, berühmter Philolog und Theolog (Goethe,
dessen Sinn ursprünglich nach Göttingen stand, hatte sich mit
Leipzig in der Erwartung abzufinden gewußt, daß er dort unter
anderen auch Ernesti würde hören können),
Hofrat Johann Gottlob Böhme, Professor der Geschichte (hatte für
Goethe den Studienplan aufgestellt, freilich ohne sich dessen Beifall
zu erwerben; anderseits war »Madame Böhme« bemüht gewesen,
dem jungen Studenten die für Leipzig unbedingt erforderliche
Lebensart beizubringen),
Hofrat Carl Andreas Bel, Professor der Poesie und
Universitätsbibliothekar,
Dr. Christian Rau, Professor der Rechtswissenschaft,
der Universitätsfechtlehrer (maître des armes de l’academie)
Georg Gottfried Michaelis (Reiboldt vermerkt: »Einer der seltenen
Edeln!«).
Ferner finden sich Einträge des schon erwähnten
Jugendschriftstellers Christian Ferdinand Weiße, der im Hauptberufe
Kreissteuereinnehmer war und sich als solcher eingezeichnet hat,
sowie des Lustspieldichters Johann Friedrich Jünger, der allerdings
damals noch studierte. Gleichfalls Student war zur Zeit seiner
Einzeichnung C. F. Ludwig, offenbar Christian Ferdinand Ludwig, der
Sohn jenes Hofrats Ludwig, bei dem Goethe zunächst seinen
Mittagstisch gehabt hatte. Der Sohn wurde später Professor der
Chirurgie und fruchtbarer Schriftsteller in der Heil- wie in der
Pflanzenkunde, bei dem sich Goethe für seine Forschungen Rat
holte. Zu den damals noch unentdeckten Gestirnen gehört ferner
Wilhelm Becker, der sich im Oktober 1776 eingetragen hat. Er wurde
1795 Inspektor der Dresdner Antikengalerie und des Münzkabinets
und erhielt 1805 auch die Aufsicht über das Grüne Gewölbe. Goethe
erwähnt in einem Briefe an Schiller Beckers Schilderung des Tales
von Seifersdorf, die durch Kupferstiche[3] erläutert in dem von Becker
herausgegebenen »Taschenbuch zum geselligen Vergnügen«
erschienen war. In diesem Zusammenhange muß auch eines
Eintrags des Kunstschriftstellers und Generaldirektors der
Sächsischen Kunstakademieen Christian Ludwig von Hagedorn
gedacht werden. Goethe war ihm vorgestellt worden, als er im Jahre
1768 von Leipzig aus Dresden besuchte, und Hagedorn, erfreut über
seine Kunstbegeisterung, hatte ihm persönlich seine Sammlungen
gezeigt. Auch Reiboldt, der in so mancher Hinsicht auf Goethes
Spuren gewandelt zu sein scheint, hat Hagedorn offenbar bei einem
mehrwöchigen Besuche in Dresden kennen gelernt, den er während
seiner Studienzeit ausführte.
Bemerkenswert ist, daß sich unter den Einzeichnern auch ein
Schauspieler befindet, der zur Bondinischen Gesellschaft gehörende
Friedrich Günther. (Der Besitzer des Buches kennzeichnet ihn in
einem Randvermerke: »Einer der ersten deutschen Schauspieler im
komischen Fach und ein braver Mann).« Das gesellschaftliche
Vorurteil gegen die Schauspieler, unter dem noch die Neuberin
(gestorben 1760) zu leiden hatte, war also damals doch schon stark
geschwunden.
Daß Reiboldt auch in den Kreisen der Leipziger Bürgerschaft
verkehrt hat, geht aus den Einträgen von Christoph Gottlob Breitkopf
(dem schon erwähnten »Bruder Gottlob«) sowie seiner Schwester
Konstantia (von ihren näheren Bekannten meist »Stenzel« genannt)
hervor. Stenzel hatte seiner Zeit Goethes Vertraute bei seinem
Liebeshandel mit Kätchen (Annette) Schönkopf gespielt und ist von
ihm in der »Laune des Verliebten« verewigt worden, denn hinter den
Schäfernamen dieses Stückes steckt niemand anders als auf der
einen Seite Goethe selbst in seiner leidenschaftlichen Laune und
das von ihm geplagte Kätchen, und auf der anderen Seite die
muntere Stenzel und Goethes übermütiger Freund Horn. Stenzel hat
sich im Jahre 1774 mit dem Dresdner Arzte Dr. Oehme verheiratet[4].
Reiboldt, der sie offenbar noch von Leipzig her kannte, hat sie, wie
aus ihrem Eintrage hervorgeht, im Jahre 1776 in Dresden besucht.
Dies und andere Umstände deuten darauf hin, daß der Verkehr
Reiboldts im Breitkopfschen Hause sich nicht bloß auf gelegentliche
Besuche beschränkt hat. Daß es auch damals noch lebhaft im
Hause Breitkopf zuging, berichtet der Musikschriftsteller Reichardt
im Jahre 1772:
»Das ansehnliche Breitkopfische Haus war ein sehr gastfreies,
und mancher Abend wurde da unter frohen Spielen und lebhafter,
witziger Unterhaltung durchlebt, bald mit Musik, bald mit sinnreichen
und lustigen Aufführungen dramatisierter Sprichwörter. Man erzählte
damals noch oft davon, wie Goethe wenige Jahre vorher in diesen
Spielen geglänzt habe.« –
Ob Reiboldt ein Autographenjäger gewesen ist? Fast könnte man
es vermuten, wenn man in seinem Stammbuch Einträge von
Lessing, Goethe und Ramler findet. Billigerweise werden wir uns
aber sagen müssen, daß die Bitte um einen Stammbucheintrag
damals wohl auch dem Fernerstehenden nicht unbedingt verdacht
wurde. Lessing hat sich am 20. Februar 1775 eingezeichnet. Er hat
damals auf einer Reise von Berlin nach Wien in Leipzig Halt
gemacht. Goethes Eintrag ist vom 31. März 1776. Er war damals
von Weimar aus auf reichlich eine Woche herübergekommen, um
sein geliebtes Leipzig nach der Studentenzeit zum ersten Male
wiederzusehen. Wie dringlich es ihm mit diesem Besuche gewesen
ist, geht daraus hervor, daß er erst seit dem 7. November 1775 in
Weimar weilte! Ramlers Eintrag ist vom 22. Juni 1776. Ramler
(damals Professor an der Kadettenanstalt in Berlin) galt als der
Mann, der die deutsche Sprache am besten beherrschte. Trotzdem
hat er nichts Eigenes, sondern einen Vers von Logau eingetragen.
Lessings Eintrag ist ziemlich farblos. Er lautet ins Deutsche
übersetzt: »Besser keinen Freund als einen oberflächlichen!« Viel
bedeutsamer ist Goethes Eintrag: »Wer gern zu tun hat, dem gibt
Gott zu schaffen!«
Daß Reiboldt zu dem Goetheschen Eintrage durch die Familie
Breitkopf gekommen ist, halte ich nicht für unwahrscheinlich, denn
Goethe hat bei seinem Besuche in Leipzig den oft gegangenen Weg
zum »Silbernen Bären« sicherlich wiedergefunden. Die Einträge von
Lessing und Ramler sind vielleicht durch Weiße vermittelt worden.

* *
*

Nach alledem werden wir annehmen dürfen, daß Christian


Ferdinand von Reiboldt am geistigen Leben seiner Tage einen mehr
als gewöhnlichen Anteil genommen hat. Er scheint aber auch ein
Mann von gutem Geschmack gewesen zu sein, wenn anders wir aus
der Gestaltung des Buches einen Rückschluß auf die Gesinnung
des Besitzers ziehen dürfen.
Abb. 1 Titelblatt

Auf jeden Fall spricht das Buch für den hohen Stand, den das
Buchbinderhandwerk damals eingenommen hat. Solid und dabei
doch gefällig ist schon das lederüberzogene, zum
Auseinanderziehen und Ineinanderschieben eingerichtete Behältnis.
Der Rücken dieses Futterales trägt die Aufschrift »Stammbuch« und
ist im übrigen so gestaltet, wie es bei den gedruckten Büchern der
damaligen Zeit üblich war, so daß man das Stammbuch nicht nur auf
den Tisch legen (wie wir es mit dem sogenannten »Album« zu tun
pflegen), sondern auch – wohlverwahrt gegen Staub und Schmutz –
in die Bibliothek neben andern Büchern einstellen konnte. Und nun
das Buch selbst. Der Einband besteht aus rot und schwarz
marmoriertem Pergament, dem reizvolle Goldornamente aufgepreßt
sind, aus denen auf der Vorderseite die Anfangsbuchstaben des
Namens, auf der Rückseite die Jahreszahl deutlich, wennschon nicht
aufdringlich, hervortreten. Klappen wir den Deckel auf, so finden wir
auf den beiden ersten Seiten an Stelle des Vorsatzpapieres einen
Bezug von zartblauer Seide. Dann folgt auf den beiden nächsten
Seiten links das Reiboldtsche Wappen, rechts der oben angeführte
Titel, dessen zierliche in lichtroter Farbe gehaltene Umrahmung mit
den blauweißen Wappenfarben gut zusammengeht.

Abb. 2 Reiboldtsches Wappen


Abb. 3 Allegorisches Wappen

Nun folgen dreihundertachtundfünfzig Seiten, von denen über


dreihundert beschrieben oder bemalt sind. Wenn die Einzeichner
adligen Standes waren, so ist auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite das
Wappen in bunten Farben wiedergegeben. Ein Teil der Wappen ist
von ebenderselben Hand gemalt, die auch das Titelblatt hergestellt
hat. Diese Wappen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, daß sie in
geschickter Weise in gekreuzte Palmen- und Lorbeerzweige gebettet
sind, die rechts und links um das Wappenschild bis etwa zur halben
Höhe herumgreifen; ein Schmuckgedanke, der sich bei den
Wappenabbildungen im achtzehnten Jahrhundert öfters vorfindet.
Der Maler, dem wir die Ausschmückung des Stammbuches
verdanken, hat sich auf einem der letzten Blätter eingetragen. Unter
seinem Künstlerwappen mit der Göttin Minerva, die eine Fahne in
der Hand hält, stehen die Worte:
Plauen, am 3. des Hornung 1774.
Auf gnädigen Befehl des Hochwohlg. Herrn Besitzers habe dieses
beifügen und mich zu Gnaden empfehlen wollen.
Christian Friedrich Zimmermann, Kunst- und Portraitmaler.
Unter den übrigen Bildern zeichnen sich mehrere durch ihren
allegorischen (sinnbildlichen) Inhalt aus. Eines von ihnen soll
offenbar den göttlichen Schutz darstellen. Eine weibliche Gestalt
weist mit der ausgestreckten Rechten, in der sich ein Kreuz befindet,
einen neben ihr sitzenden Mann auf einen im Hintergrund stehenden
Tempel hin. Über dem Manne schwebt eine andere weibliche
Gestalt, die mit einem Schild einen aus den Wolken zuckenden Blitz
auffängt. Auf einem andern Bilde sieht man Herkules, der die
Erdkugel an einem Band über die Schultern gehängt hat und am
Stamme einer Palme in die Höhe klettert. Oben auf den Zweigen der
Palme ruht eine zweite Kugel, vielleicht die Himmelskugel. Auf der
Rückseite finden sich die Worte: »Dat gloria vires«, zu deutsch: »Der
Ruhm verleiht Kräfte« oder in diesem Zusammenhange: »Der Erfolg
spornt uns an, immer höheren Zielen zuzustreben«. Es ist nicht
unwahrscheinlich, daß hinter diesen Bildern freimaurerische
Gedanken verborgen sind. Bis zum Erscheinen der »Zauberflöte«
waren nur noch einundeinhalb bis zwei Jahrzehnte.

* *
*

Den Beschluß bildet ein vom Besitzer mit großer


Gewissenhaftigkeit angelegtes alphabetisches Verzeichnis der
Einzeichner. Man sieht, welchen Wert er dem Buche beigemessen
hat. Daß er sich auch in späteren Jahren noch mit seinem
Stammbuche zu beschäftigen pflegte, geht aus vielen
Randbemerkungen hervor, in denen er sich über den Charakter oder
das Lebensschicksal des Einzeichners ausspricht. Da heißt es zum
Beispiel:
An ihm verlor Deutschland eines seiner seltensten Originalgenies
und ich einen wahren Freund; er starb an den Blattern am …
oder
starb in erbärmlichen Umständen und von jedermann verlassen im
Jahre 1797; allen Hagestolzen zum abschreckenden Beispiel.
Zu dem Eintrage Lessings hat der Besitzer vermerkt:
† den 15. Febr. 1781 im 52. Jahr zu Wolfenbüttel, wo ihm ein
Monument errichtet wurde, welches ich am 28. Sept. 1787 sah und
des großen Gegenstandes nicht würdig fand.

* *
*

Abb. 4 Allegorisches Bild


Von den zweihundertsechsundsechzig Einträgen sind
einhundertsechsunddreißig in deutscher und einhundertdreißig in
fremder Sprache gehalten (also eine knappe Mehrheit für deutsch!),
und zwar sechzig in französischer, neunundfünfzig in lateinischer,
sechs in englischer, vier in italienischer und einer in griechischer
Sprache. Die sechs englischen Einträge weisen darauf hin, daß
gerade damals die englische Dichtkunst auf das geistige Leben
Deutschlands einzuwirken begann, nachdem bis dahin die
klassischen Schriftsteller und die Franzosen fast unumschränkte
Herrscher gewesen waren. Die französischen Einträge stammen in
der überwiegenden Mehrzahl von Personen adligen Standes
(achtunddreißig); soweit dies nicht der Fall ist (zweiundzwanzig),
sind die Einzeichner meist weiblichen Geschlechtes. Bemerkenswert
ist, wie die Familie des Superintendenten Dr. Strantz in Plauen sich
eingetragen hat. Der Herr Superintendent, der den Besitzer des
Buches getauft hat und sich als sein Beichtvater bezeichnet, schreibt
ein Psalmwort (Psalm 37, Vers 37). Dann folgt seine Ehefrau
Eleonora Charlotta Strantzin geb. Kleinhemplin mit einem Verse in
deutscher Sprache (von Brockes). Der älteste Sohn schreibt einen
lateinischen Vers (aus der Medea des Seneca); die beiden ältesten
Demoisellen Töchter schreiben französische Sprüche; dann folgt ein
jüngerer Sohn mit einem griechischen und die jüngste (der Schrift
nach kaum herangewachsene) Tochter mit einem deutschen Verse.
Abb. 5 Eintrag Lessings

* *
*

Die Einträge – es handelt sich meist um Verse, zum Teil aber auch
um Sinnsprüche in ungebundener Rede – stellen sich in der
Hauptsache als Zitate dar. Der Einzeichner hat den Eintrag also
nicht selbst entworfen, sondern von anderen Leuten erdachte und
bereits veröffentlichte Aussprüche benutzt. Als Quelle und Verfasser
werden unter anderen angegeben: Die Bibel, Theognis, Cicero,
Horaz, Livius, Tibull, Seneca, Logau, Weise, Canitz, Brockes, Haller,
Friedrich der Große, Kleist, Gellert (von ihm findet sich ziemlich viel),
Gleim, Uz, Zachariä, Giesecke, Cronegk (auch dieser wird öfters
angeführt), Wieland, Clodius, Jacobi, Boileau, Voltaire, Young,
Thompson, Pope. Klopstock ist niemals als Verfasser ausdrücklich
genannt. Ich nehme aber an, daß verschiedene in seinem Geiste
gehaltene Verse sich bei genauem Suchen auf ihn zurückführen
lassen.
Von besonderem Reiz ist es, den Grundgedanken nachzugehen,
die in den Einträgen zum Ausdrucke kommen. Wir gewinnen
dadurch ein Spiegelbild vom Seelenleben der damaligen Zeit.
Lebensweisheit – zuweilen in etwas nüchterner Form – thront an
erster Stelle. Der Vater widmet seinem Sohne folgenden Eintrag:
Im Glücke niemals stolz, im Unglück edelmütig,
Den Freunden immer treu und gegen Feinde gütig,
Auch denken, was man sagt, und sagen, was man denkt,
Ist was ein treuer Sohn dem treuen Vater schenkt.

Ein alter kurfürstlicher Geheimer Rat, Carl Friedrich von Beust,


hält dem jungen Eigentümer des Buches folgenden Spiegel der
Kavalierstugenden vor:
Les vertus nécessaires pour la perfection d’un gentilhomme sont la
prudence qui l’éclaire, la tempérance qui le rend victorieux de la
volupté, la vaillance qui lui fait mépriser les périls, où il se faut exposer
pour faire de belles actions et enfin la justice pour lui faire rendre à un
chacun ce qui lui appartient et l’unir par ce nœud sacré avec les
autres hommes dans la société civile. C’est d’être:
Vir quadratus sine vituperio.
Kürzer und einfacher sind folgende Lebensregeln:
Ein wahrer Menschenfreund bleibt weise, wenn er lacht, und heiter,
wenn er weint.
(Cronegk)

Wir wollen, Pilgrime der Erden,


Der kurzen Wallfahrt uns erfreun,
In unserer Jugend weise sein,
Um einstens im Alter recht fröhlich zu werden.

Einen alten Bekannten werden viele in den Gellertschen Zeilen


finden:
Lebe, wie du, wenn du stirbst,
Wünschen wirst, gelebt zu haben.
Güter, die du hier erwirbst,
Güter, die dir Menschen gaben,
Nichts kann dich im Tod erfreun.

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