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Full Download pdf of Solution Manual for Elementary Geometry for College Students, 7th Edition Daniel C. Alexander Geralyn M. Koeberlein all chapter
Full Download pdf of Solution Manual for Elementary Geometry for College Students, 7th Edition Daniel C. Alexander Geralyn M. Koeberlein all chapter
Full Download pdf of Solution Manual for Elementary Geometry for College Students, 7th Edition Daniel C. Alexander Geralyn M. Koeberlein all chapter
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Prepared by
Geralyn M. Koeberlein
Mahomet-Seymour High School, Mathematics Department Chair, Retired
Daniel Alexander
Parkland College, Professor Emeritus
NOTE: UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY THIS MATERIAL OR ANY PORTION THEREOF BE SOLD, LICENSED, AUCTIONED,
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Contents
Chapter-by-Chapter Commentary v
Solutions
Chapter 3 Triangles 51
Chapter 4 Quadrilaterals 75
iii
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Chapter 1 Line and Angle Relationships
SECTION 1.1: Early Definitions and 15. 2x + 1 = 3x − 2
Postulates −x = −3
x=3
1. AC AM = 7
2. Midpoint 16. 2(x + 1) = 3(x − 2)
2x + 2 = 3x − 6
3. 6.25 ft ⋅ 12 in./ft = 75 in.
−1x = −8
x=8
4. 52 in. ÷ 12 in./ft = 4 1 ft or 4 ft 4 in. AB = AM + MB
3
AB = 18 + 18 = 36
1 m ⋅ 3.28 ft/m = 1.64 feet
5. 17. 2x +1 + 3x + 2 = 6x − 4
2
5x + 3 = 6x − 4
6. 16.4 ft ÷ 3.28 ft/m = 5 m −1x = −7
x=7
7. 18 – 15 = 3 mi AB = 38
8. 300 + 450 + 600 = 1350 ft 18. No; Yes; Yes; No
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6 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships
28. a. Equal
b. Equal
c. AC is twice CD.
22. a.
b.
c.
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7 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 7
14. a. x + y = 180
b. Yes
c. No b. x = y
b. No b. x = y
c. Yes 16. 62°
1 1 2a +3b 17. 42°
41. a + b or
3 2 6
18. 2x + 9 + 3x − 2 = 67
SECTION 1.2: Angles and Their 5x + 7 = 67
5x = 60
Relationships
x = 12
1. a. Acute
19. 2x −10 + x + 6 = 4(x − 6)
b. Right 3x − 4 = 4x − 24
20 = x
c. Obtuse
x = 20
2. a. Obtuse m∠RSV = 4(20 − 6) = 56°
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8 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 8
9. Yes; No x x
21. + = 45
2 4
Multiply by LCD, 4
2x + x = 180
3x = 180
x = 60; m∠RST = 30°
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9 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 9
2x x D
22. + = 49 28. a. ( 90 − x )
3 2
D ( )D
Multiply by LCD, 6
b. ( 90 − (3x −12) ) = 102 − 3x
−1x + 3y = 0
c. (180 − (2x + 5y) )D = (180 − 2x − 5y )D
3x − 1y = 64
30. x − 92 = 92 − 53
x − 92 = 39
−3x + 9 y = 0 x = 131
3x − y = 64
32. a. True
−1x + 4 y = 2
b. False
5x + 2 y = 78
c. False
−5x + 20 y = 10
33. Given: Obtuse ∠MRP
JJJG
5x + 2 y = 78
Construct: With OA as one side,
22 y = 88
y = 4; x = 14 an angle ≅ ∠MRP
26. x + y = 90
x = 12 + y
x + y = 90
x − y = 12
2x = 102
x = 51
51 + y = 90
y = 39
∠s are 51° and 39°.
JJJG ∠MRP
34. Given: Obtuse
27. x + y = 180 Construct: RS , the angle-bisector of ∠MRP
x = 24 + 2 y
x + y = 180
x − 2 y = 24
2x + 2 y = 360
x − 2 y = 24
3x = 384
x = 128; y = 52
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10 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 10
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11 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 11
1 1
2
⋅ m∠1 + 2
⋅ m∠2 = 45°
1 1
43. a. 90°
b. 90°
c. Equal
37. For the triangle shown, the angle bisectors have
been constructed. 44. Let m∠USV = x, then m∠TSU = 38 − x
38 − x + 40 = 61
78 − x = 61
78 − 61 = x
45. x + 2 z + x − z + 2 x − z = 60
It appears that the angle bisectors meet at one 4 x = 60
point. x = 15
HJ J = 15 − z,
38. Given: Acute ∠1 and AB If x = 15, then
Construct: Triangle ABC which has m∠USV
m∠VSW = 2(15) − z, and
46. a. 52°
39. It appears that the two sides opposite ∠ s A and B b. 52°
are congruent.
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12 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 12
c.
Equa
l
47. 90 + x + x = 360
2x =
270
x=
135
°
48. 90°
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13 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 13
Geometric Proof 5. x = 6
1. Division Property of Equality or Multiplication
Property of Equality 26. 1. x + 3 = 9
5
2. Distributive Property [ x + x = (1 + 1)x = 2x ] 2.
x =6
5
3. Subtraction Property of Equality
3. x = 30
4. Addition Property of Equality
27. 1. Given
5. Multiplication Property of Equality
2. Segment-Addition Postulate
6. Addition Property of Equality
3. Subtraction Property of Equality
7. If 2 angles are supplementary, then the sum of
their measures is 180°. 28. 1. Given
8. If the sum of the measures of 2 angles is 180°, 2. The midpoint forms 2 segments of equal
then the angles are supplementary. measure.
25. 1. 2(x + 3) − 7 = 11
© 2. + 6 − 7 = 11Learning. All rights reserved.
2x Cengage
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3. 2x − 1 = 11
14 Section 1.2 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 14
2. Angle-Addition Postulate
3. Angle-Addition Postulate
4. m∠TSW = m∠TSU + m∠USV + m∠VSW
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11 Section 1.4 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 11
35. (−7)(−2) > 5(−2) or 14 > −10 4. 1. m∠AOB = m∠1 and m∠BOC = m∠1
−4 −4
3. ∠AOB ≅ ∠BOC
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12 Section 1.4 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 12
8. Given: AB
Construct: The perpendicular bisector of AB
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13 Section 1.4 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 13
21. a. adjacent
9. Given: Triangle ABC
Construct: The perpendicular bisectors of sides, b. complementary
AB , AC , and BC
c. ray AB
d. is congruent to
e. vertical
22. In space, there is an infinite number of lines
perpendicular to a given line at a point on the
line.
23. STATEMENTS REASONS
1. M -N -P-Q on MQ 1. Given
2. MN + NQ = MQ 2. Segment-Addition
10. It appears that the perpendicular bisectors meet at Postulate
one point. 3. NP + PQ = NQ 3. Segment-Addition
Postulate
11. R1. Given
4. MN + NP + PQ = MQ 4. Substitution
R3. Substitution
24. AE = AB + BC + CD + DE
S4. m∠1 = m∠2
25. STATEMENJTJJSG REASONS
S5. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 1. ∠TSW with SU 1. Given
JJJG
and SV
12. R1. Given 2. m∠TSW 2. Angle-Addition
= m∠TSU + m∠USW Postulate
S2. m∠1 = m∠2 and m∠3 = m∠4 3. m∠USW 3. Angle-Addition
= m∠USV + m∠VSW Postulate
R3. Given
4. m∠TSW = m∠TSU 4. Substitution
S4. m∠2 + m∠3 = 90 + m∠USV + m∠VSW
R5. Substitution
26. m∠GHK = m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠3 + m∠4
S6. ∠s 1 and 4 are complementary.
27. In space, there is an infinite number of lines that
13. No; Yes; No c. empty set d. less than e. point
14. No; No; Yes
15. No; Yes; No
16. No; No; Yes
17. No; Yes; Yes
18. No; No; No
19. a. perpendicular
b. angles
c. supplementary
d. right
e. measure of angle
20. a. postulate
b. union
© 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
14 Section 1.4 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 14
perpendicularly
bisect a given line
segment at its
midpoint.
28. 1. Given
2. If 2 ∠s are
complementary,
then the sum of
their measures is
90°.
3. Given
4. The measure of
an acute angle
is between 0
and 90°.
5. Substitution
6. Subtraction
Property of Equality
7. Subtraction
Property of Inequality
8. Addition Property
of Inequality
9. Transitive Property
of Inequality
10. Substitution
11. If the measure of an
angle is between 0 and
90°,
then
the
angle
is an
acute
∠.
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13 Section 1.5 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 13
HJJG HJJG
29. Angles 1, 2, 3, and 4 are adjacent and form the 13. Given: AB ⊥ CD
straight angle AOB, which measures 180. Prove: ∠AEC is a right angle.
Therefore, m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠3 + m∠4 = 180.
C: Each of the equal segments has half the length 14. Given: ∠AEC is a right angle
HJJG HJJG
of the original segment. Prove: AB ⊥ CD
2. H: Two sides of a triangle are congruent. 15. Given: ∠1 is complementry to ∠3
C: The triangle is isosceles. ∠2 is complementry to ∠3
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2
3. First write the statement in the “If, then” form.
If a figure is a square, then it is a quadrilateral.
H: A figure is a square.
C: It is a quadrilateral.
16. Given: ∠1 is supplementary to ∠3
4. First write the statement in the “If, then” form.
If a polygon is a regular polygon, then it has ∠2 is supplementary to ∠3
congruent interior angles. Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2
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14 Section 1.5 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 14
STATEMENTS REASONS
D
24. m∠2 + m∠3 = 180 1. ∠1 is supplementary to ∠2 1. Given
x + 15 + 2x = 180 ∠3 is supplementary to ∠2
3x = 165 2. m∠1+ m∠2 =180 2. If 2 ∠s are supplementary,
x = 55; m∠2 = 70° m∠3+ m∠2 =180 then the sum of their
measures is 180.
x x 3. m∠1+ m∠2 3. Substitution
25. −10 + + 40 = 180
2 3 = m∠3+ m∠2
x x 4. m∠1= m∠3 4. Subtraction Property
+ + 30 = 180
2 3 of Equality
x x 5. ∠1≅ ∠3 5. If 2 ∠s are = in
+ = 150
2 3 measure, then they
are ≅ .
Multiply by 6
3x + 2x = 900
5x = 900 29. If 2 lines intersect, the vertical angles formed are
congruent.
HJJG HJJG
x = 180; m∠2 = 80° Given: AB and CD intersect at E
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2
x
26. x + 20 + = 180
3
x
x + = 160
3
STATEMENTS REASONS
3x + x = 480 HJJG HJJG
1. AB and CD 1. Given
4x = 480 intersect at E
x = 120; m∠4 = 40° 2. ∠1 is supplementary to ∠AED 2. If the exterior sides
∠2 is supplementary to ∠AED of two adjacent ∠s form
27. 1. Given
a straight line, then
2. If 2 ∠ s are complementary, the sum of their these ∠s are supplementary
measures is 90. 3. ∠1≅ ∠2 3. If 2 ∠s are supplementary to
the same ∠, then
3. Substitution
these ∠s are ≅ .
4. Subtraction Property of Equality
5. If 2 ∠ s are = in measure, then they are ≅ .
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15 Section 1.5 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 15
30. Any two right angles are congruent. 32. If 2 segments are congruent, then their midpoints
Given: ∠1 is a right ∠ separate these segments into four congruent
∠2 is a right ∠ segments.
Prove: ∠1 ≅ ∠2 Given: AB ≅ DC
M is the midpoint of AB
N is the midpoint of DC
Prove: AM ≅ MB ≅ DN ≅ NC
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠1 is a right ∠ 1. Given
∠2 is a right ∠
2. m∠1= 90 2. Measure of a right
STATEMENTS REASONS
m∠2 = 90 ∠ = 90.
3. m∠1= m∠2 3. Substitution 1. AB ≅ DC 1. Given
4. ∠1≅ ∠2 4. If 2 ∠s are = in
2. AB = DC 2. If 2 segments are
measure, then they
≅, then their
are ≅ .
lengths are =.
3. AB = AM + MB 3. Segment-Addition
31. R1. Given DC = DN + NC Postulate
4. AM + MB = DN + NC 4. Substitution
5. M is the midpoint of AB 5. Given
R3. The measure of a right ∠ = 90 . N is the midpoint of DC
R4. Angle-Addition Postulate 6. AM = MB and 6. If a point is the
DN = NC midpoint of a
© 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
16 Section 1.5 Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 16
33. If 2 angles are congruent, then their bisectors 34. The bisectors of two adjacent supplementary
separate these angles into four congruent angles. angles form a right angle.
Given: ∠ABC ≅ ∠EFG Given: ∠ABC is supplementary to ∠CBD
JJJG JJJG
BD bisects ∠ABC BE bisects ∠ABC
JJJG JJJG
FH bisects ∠EFG BF bisects ∠CBD
STATEMENTS REASONS
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠ABC is supplementary 1. Given
1. ∠ABC ≅ ∠EFG 1. Given to ∠CBD
2. m∠ABC = m∠EFG 2. If 2 angles are 2. m∠ABC + m∠CBD 2. The sum of the
≅, their
measures are =. =180 measures of supplementary
3. m∠ABC = m∠1+ m∠2 3. Angle-Addition angles is 180.
m∠EFG = m∠3+ m∠4 Postulate 3. m∠ABC = m∠1+ m∠2 3. Angle-Addition
4. m∠1+ m∠2 4. Substitution
JJJG m∠CBD = m∠3+ m∠4 Postulate
BD bisects ∠ABC
5. JJJG 5. Given 4. m∠1+ m∠2 + m∠3 4. Substitution
FH bisects ∠EFG +m∠4 =180
JJJG
6. m∠1= m∠2 and 6. If a ray bisects BEG bisects ∠ABC
5. JJJ 5. Given
m∠3= m∠4 an ∠, then 2 ∠s BF bisects ∠CBD
of equal measure 6. m∠1= m∠2 and 6. If a ray bisects
are formed.
7. m∠1+ m∠1 7. Substitution m∠3= m∠4 an ∠, then 2 ∠s
= m∠3+ m∠3 or of equal measure
2⋅m∠1= 2⋅m∠3 are formed.
8. m∠1= m∠3 8. Division Property 7. m∠2 + m∠2 + m∠3 7. Substitution
of Equality +m∠3=180 or
9. m∠1= m∠2 9. Substitution 2⋅m∠2 + 2⋅m∠3=180
= m∠3= m∠4 8. m∠2 + m∠3=90 8. Division Property
10. ∠1≅ ∠2 ≅ ∠3≅ ∠4 10. If ∠s are = in of Equality
measure, then 9. m∠EBF = m∠2 + m∠3 9. Angle-Addition
they are ≅. Postulate
10. m∠EBF =90 10. Substitution
11. ∠EBF is a right angle 11. If the measure of
an ∠ is 90, then
the ∠ is a right ∠.
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17 Chapter Review Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 17
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠1 is supplementary to ∠2 1. Given
2. m∠1 + m∠2 = 180 2. If 2 ∠s are supplementary, the sum of their
measures is 180.
3. ∠2 is an acute ∠ 3. Given
4. m∠2 = x where 0 < x < 90 4. The measure of an acute ∠ is
between 0 and 90.
5. m∠1 + x = 180 5. Substitution (#4 into #2)
6. x is positive ∴ m∠1 < 180 6. If a + p1 = b and p1 is positive, then
a < b.
7. m∠1 = 180 − x 7. Substitution Property of Equality (#5)
8. −x < 0 < 90 − x 8. Subtraction Property of Inequality (#4)
9. 90 − x < 90 < 180 − x 9. Addition Property of Inequality (#8)
10. 90 − x < 90 < m∠1 10. Substitution (#7 into #9)
11. 90 < m∠1 < 180 11. Transitive Property of Inequality (#6 & #10)
12. ∠1 is an obtuse ∠ 12. If the measure of an angle is between
90 and 180, then the ∠ is obtuse.
CHAPTER REVIEW
1. Undefined terms, defined terms, axioms or 9. No conclusion
postulates, theorems
10. Jody Smithers has a college degree.
2. Induction, deduction, intuition
11. Angle A is a right angle.
3. 1. Names the term being defined.
12. C
2. Places the term into a set or category.
same category. 14. Diagonals are ⊥ and they bisect each other.
4. Reversible
4. Intuition
5. Induction
6. Deduction 15.
7. H: The diagonals of a trapezoid are equal in 16.
length.
C: The trapezoid is isosceles.
8. H: The parallelogram is a rectangle.
C: The diagonals of a parallelogram are
congruent.
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18 Chapter Review Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 18
2
21. 2x + 5 + 3x − 4 = 86
5x + 1 = 86 29. x + (40 + 4x) = 180
5x = 85 5x + 40 = 180
x = 17; m∠DBC = 47D 5x = 140
x = 28D
22. 3x − 1 = 4x − 5 40 + 4x = 152D
4=x
x = 4; AB = 22 30. a. 2x + 3 + 3x − 2 + x + 7 = 6x + 8
23. 4x − 4 + 5x + 2 = 25 b. 6x + 8 = 32
9x − 2 = 25 6x = 24
9x = 27 x=4
x = 3; MB = 17
c. 2x + 3 = 2(4) + 3 = 11
24. 2 ⋅ CD = BC 3x − 2 = 3(4) − 2 = 10
2(2x + 5) = x + 28 x + 7 = 4 + 7 = 11
4x + 10 = x + 28
31. The measure of angle 3 is less than 50°.
3x = 18
x = 6; AC = BC = 6 + 28 = 34 32. The four foot board is 48 inches. Subtract 6
inches on each end, leaving 36 inches.
25. 7x − 21 = 3x + 7 4(n − 1) = 36
4x = 28 4n − 4 = 36
x=7 4n = 40
m∠3 = 49 − 21 = 28D n = 10
∴ 10 pegs will fit on the board.
∴m∠FMH = 180 − 28 = 152D
33. S
26. 4x + 1 + x + 4 = 180
5x + 5 = 180 34. S
5x = 175
x = 35 35. A
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19 Chapter Review Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 19
R9. Substitution
S10. ∠TVP ≅ ∠MVP
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20 Chapter Review Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 20
39. Given: KF ⊥ FH
∠JHK is a right ∠
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. KF ⊥ FH 1. Given
2. ∠KFH is a right ∠ 2. If two segments are ⊥ , then they
form a right ∠.
3. ∠JHF is a right ∠ 3. Given
4. ∠KFH ≅ ∠JHF 4. Any two right ∠s are ≅ .
40. Given: KH ≅ FJ
G is the midpoint of both KH and FJ
Prove: KG ≅ GJ
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. KH ≅ FJ 1. Given
G is the midpoint of both
KH and FJ
2. KG ≅ GJ 2. If 2 segments are ≅ , then their midpoints
separate these segments into 4 ≅ segments.
41. Given: KF ⊥ FH
Prove: ∠KFJ is complementary to ∠JFH
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. KF ⊥ FH 1. Given
2. ∠KFH is complementary to ∠JFH 2. If the exterior sides of 2 adjacent ∠s form
⊥ rays, then these ∠s are complementary
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21 Chapter Review Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 21
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠1 is complementary to ∠M 1. Given
2. ∠2 is complementary to ∠M 2. Given
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 3. If 2 ∠s are complementary to the same ∠, then these
angles are ≅ .
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠MOP ≅ ∠MPO 1. Given
JJJG
2. OR bisects ∠MOP 2. Given
JJJG
PR bisects ∠MPO
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 3. If 2 ∠s are ≅ , then their bisectors
separate these ∠s into 4 ≅ ∠s.
44. Given: ∠4 ≅ ∠6
Prove: ∠5 ≅ ∠6
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠4 ≅ ∠6 1. Given
2. ∠4 ≅ ∠5 2. If 2 angles are vertical ∠s
then they are ≅ .
3. ∠5 ≅ ∠6 3. Transitive Property
© 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
22 Chapter Review Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 22
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. Figure as shown 1. Given
2. ∠4 is supplementary to ∠2 2. If the exterior sides of 2 adjacent ∠s
form a line, then the ∠s are supplementary
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ∠3 is supplementary to ∠5 1. Given
∠4 is supplementary to ∠6
2. ∠4 ≅ ∠5 2. If 2 lines intersect, the vertical angles
formed are ≅ .
3. ∠3 ≅ ∠6 3. If 2 ∠s are supplementary to congruent angles,
then these angles are ≅ .
47. Given: VP
Construct: VW such that VW = 4 ⋅VP
© 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
23 Chapter Review Chapter 1: Line and Angle Relationships 23
11. a. x + x + 5 = 27
2x + 5 = 27
2x = 22
It appears that the three angle bisectors meet at x = 11
one point inside the triangle.
b. x + 5 = 11 + 5 = 16
13. a. x + 2x − 3 = 69
3x − 3 = 69
3x = 72
x = 24D
b. m∠3 = 43D
D
51. Given: m∠B = 50
Construct: An angle whose measure is 20°. 15. a. 2x − 3 = 3x − 28
x = 25D
16. a. 2x − 3 + 6x − 1 = 180
8x − 4 = 180
8x = 184
52. m∠2 = 270D x = 23D
17. x + y = 90
CHAPTER TEST
1. ∠CBA or ∠B 18.
2. AP + PB = AB
3. a. Point
b. Line
4. a. Right
19.
b. Obtuse
5. a. Supplementary
b. Congruent
6. m∠MNP = m∠PNQ
© 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
Chapter Test 23
20. 1. Given
2. Segment-Addition Postulate
3. Segment-Addition Postulate
4. Substitution
21. 1. 2x − 3 = 17
2. 2x = 20
3. x = 10
23. 108°
© 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. © 2020 Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
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brazaletes y collares. Colón recogió á bordo seis de estos Aruacas,
para hacerlos intérpretes; y siguió viaje costeando hacia Occidente; y
antes de llegar al canal Boca de la Sierpe torció el rumbo hacia el
Norte, admirando el cultivo de los campos y las rancherías de indios.
Pasó el canal Boca del Dragón y llegó á la islilla llamada Cubagua,
donde obtuvo de los pacíficos naturales hermosísimas perlas á
cambio de cascabeles y otras baratijas. El Almirante encontró todos
los indios de aquellas costas tan pacíficos y buenos, que los consideró
por sus atenciones y zalamerías hasta importunos. Los halló más
blancos que cuantos había visto hasta entonces, de gentil presencia,
mejor cara y los cabellos cortados al nivel de la mitad de la oreja.
Todos estos indígenas á que hace referencia el célebre Explorador
genovés eran Aruacas.
Cuando Antonio Cedeño, en 1530, fué desde Puerto Rico á tomar el
cargo de Gobernador de la isla de Trinidad, desembarcó primero en
Costa Firme, en las tierras del cacique Turipari, quien le recibió de
paz y fué con él á Trinidad, donde puso á dicho Gobernador en muy
buena amistad con el cacique Maruaná, uno de los régulos de
aquella isla, acompañándole además á las rancherías de otros cuatro
caciques. No quiso Cedeño poblar aquella ínsula de su gobernación y
regresó al inmediato Continente, á la aldehuela de Turipari,
levantando un fortín de madera á una legua de distancia del aduar
del régulo indio y dejando allí un pequeño destacamento español.
Este fortín vino á ser la manzana de la discordia entre aquellos
conquistadores. Cedeño no tenía derecho á poblar en Tierra Firme.
Su concesión real se limitaba á la gobernación y colonización de la
isla de Trinidad. Diego de Ordaz, que ya hemos citado más arriba
como explorador del río Orinoco, había obtenido en la Corte cédula
del Emperador para ser Gobernador de Paria. Al ir á tomar posesión
de su gobierno fué Ordaz muy bien recibido por los indígenas, hasta
el punto, que aprovechando sus buenas disposiciones de amistad y
cordialidad, bautizó unos ochocientos indios. Al encontrarse Ordaz
con el fuerte levantado por Cedeño hizo presente sus derechos á
aquella gobernación; y dejando en él una fuerte guarnición, marchó á
explorar el Orinoco. Ya hemos hablado de esta expedición al gran río,
que dió por resultado encontrar á Aracuay y toparse con los
indomables Caribes.
Diego de Ordaz, hombre rico, esperaba de España otra armada,
que había ordenado preparar á su teniente Alonso de Herrera. Esta
escuadrilla había llegado á la isla de Cubagua, para secundar la
acción de Ordaz; pero las autoridades de esta islilla, que marchaban
de acuerdo con Antonio Cedeño, hombre también rico y Contador
por S. M. en Puerto Rico, le avisaron del violento ataque de Ordaz al
fortín de Paria. Cedeño, que era tan impetuoso en sus medidas como
Ordaz, tomó sus resoluciones y dió sus órdenes reservadas. Y cuando
Diego de Ordaz, regresando de su expedición al alto Orinoco, hizo
rumbo al Océano y quiso reconocer á Cariaco, al llegar á Cumaná, el
fuerte de S. M. en este sitio le largó un par de tiros, con pólvora
solamente, en señal de alerta, y no le permitió saltar en tierra,
ordenándole pasara de largo á recalar á Cubagua. En Nueva Cádiz,
capital de esta islilla, estaba preso Alonso de Herrera, y al llegar
Ordaz lo hicieron prisionero también y lo enviaron á La Española,
bajo partida de registro. El atropellado Gobernador de Paria marchó
á España á querellarse á S. M. contra Cedeño y en la travesía
sucumbió.
Este desacuerdo entre los conquistadores, hasta el punto de llegar
á batirse á sangre y fuego, no debió pasar desapercibido para los
indígenas, á juzgar por lo que vamos á referir. Cedeño envió veinte y
cuatro soldados y una mujer á Trinidad, los que fueron bien acogidos
por los caciques; pero, á los ocho días fueron todos muertos. La
carabela fondeada en la costa pudo cortar las amarras y en ella se
salvaron tres españoles y una negra; fugitivos que fueron á recalar á
Cubagua. Desde esta islilla se dió aviso inmediatamente á Cedeño,
que se encontraba en Puerto Rico. Activó sus aprestos el perturbador
Cedeño y llegó á Trinidad con ochenta hombres y un caballo;
desembarcó de noche, sorprendió al cacique principal, puso fuego al
cacerío indígena y pasó á cuchillo á todos sus habitantes. Se salvaron
algunas mujeres y niños, porque se acogieron á las inmediatas
maniguas. Diez días estuvo el terrible Cedeño recorriendo la isla; y
no hallando gente que pasar al filo de su espada, ni tampoco
suficientes bastimentos, se embarcó con su gente en dirección á
Paria, de donde fué rechazado por los españoles del célebre fortín,
cuya guarnición se mantenía aún por Ordaz, viéndose precisado á
hacer rumbo á la Margarita. En esta isla reunió Cedeño otros ochenta
hombres y seis caballos, pidió auxilio á Puerto Rico, donde aún
continuaba siendo Contador por S. M. y marchó contra Paria,
recuperando entonces á viva fuerza el disputado fuerte de madera,
que había construido á una legua de distancia del aduar del cacique
Turipari.
Triunfante Cedeño en Paria, retorna á la isla de Trinidad á poblar.
En el entre tanto, Alonso de Herrera, el teniente de Ordaz, pasa
desde la isla Cubagua á Tierra Firme y se apodera nuevamente, en
Paria, del fortín en cuestión. Sabedor de ello Cedeño, en Trinidad, no
pudo marchar en seguida contra Herrera, porque acababa de ser
atacado por los indios de aquella isla, quienes se habían reunido en
un formidable cuerpo de tres mil combatientes. Del primer
encuentro resultaron veinticinco españoles heridos y cinco caballos
fuera de combate. Apurados los españoles tuvieron que levantar
trincheras. Estando en este difícil trance, llegó á manos de Cedeño
una provisión de la Real Audiencia de Santo Domingo, ordenándole
que Alonso de Herrera, teniente de Ordaz, fuera reconocido como
Gobernador de Paria. Entonces, se le amotinó la gente á Cedeño; y
después de preso y maltrecho pudo darse por feliz con retornar vivo á
Puerto Rico. ¡Qué perniciosos ejemplos de odios y asechanzas
recibían los aborígenes, que presenciaban estos combates
sangrientos entre los hombres nuevos llegados á sus costas!