CHAPTER 3 : STRINGS

Chng s data ty in Tyhou.

Singe qucki hny Hetto

2. Double quctd ttiu b= *Heito"

shirg siclog

name = ’ ugh 5
indu o! 2 3 4
-5 -4 3 2 - <Native Dndics ’ wel hen yeu've
to de sonelkuny fum nd.

The indu in striug stats v 0 to (auyth -1)

sf: nowt indx.sBart : index. end]

fut ind included evd index ncluded

s [0:3] - 1etusus
Sma -’ chuyates frot 0to 3 indices
havact fvam 1ta 3 indices
si [13] ’ etuus
 CHAPTER 2: VARIABLES DATATYPES

in
qivtu fo o wtmovy Lncaion

b:Hmy"

DATA yPES:

ex: 2,-l,5

2 Clotig tout wawbtu (X 2.357, -2.5

compufer . "Python "
4. Bocleaut er: TRUE Y FALSE

5. None

40 QMagig aud tutelliqut auguage hat it

outtutiatly ldouifes the ype 4 data.
a = 57

b: 8.54 class <float>

nowe Python" ) ldeuhiu name u clar< sty>

 cormmut Written line Muti 2
iua slngle 1
Tython. cowmeut
in d, tybes tuso ae 1heut
COMMENTS:
flack,
otttn:orflou),
e et
obc, 0s,
P iwalU toMed wodule Cxiena
trtheu od pre.
ininetat! wrtuto1 nBuilt
Tythou! in
wuduler tyber
of two a hevt
MODULES: 0f
TYPES
lly Python ?
- Easy to wndexttand Less develohatut tit
- Free aud oheu aowce
- Higl Lvel lauguage
-Torta ble Wovkt om inux/ Widou /Mac

CHAPTER 1 : MODULES, COMMENTS 4 P1P

MOpULES:

sOML.OME edte (usualby) tuich cau be imborted and

þYoaus uth
used in 0
- Thy OkE pre -inttallad in Pythou

PIP:
Pif d the tackage wmDuDger for pytho
tetall a modula
bih do
cqytem
Ls pit lasta!
ex: pl iustall flosk intall1 flask wodule
Sticing with skip value
wt cam pkovide a skip Valus
ike

woYd,: "aMazi
YeBuYns mzn"

kil index (it ill skip eueny next 2d indas)

stavt index
end index

othe. odvauced sicug tchmua

woYd "omazing'
"o
word [o!1] amazing
T2sord [ :7]
waYd [o:]

shring funchont 293TAAHD to

wed fuchen ferfena obevaliou
wonihulate stiugs
1. Ln) fuuchen
Ju("altsa) atus 5
enduth l) fuvch funchm telts whelhe le
2. shrig shrng.endatith v wof.
vaiahle striug euda
4"olexa heu atng enduwith ("xa wid
tYue odana' ende with 'xa.
 o towwwd us data. ype
wuy funthrn!
40 auothe

str(31)
itl"1) 31tim to indgu canvuitn
Hlont( 92) 32.0

iua ud 3! is anuwmele itea

Huu 31 a stiug

input () function
is fuuchm olous thu as to taks input froe
the kuyubYd

"pythen"

MUmbu)

typrcaut it .

a: int (intut ("fnter mumher "))

oPERATORS IN PYTHON:

A0me cuwwow oheator in Tythous

1. Avith wthe OuatoY 4, ,/,%, ete
2. Actgmutut Gpouator =, t=, -*,*,/=,et
3. Conuasisau Ohouatove =*, >, <, >=,<*, !=,ete
’ and, 0Y, not

typel) fumnetion aud 1ypecarting

Ayþe fuuch m da uand t6 tind the data type a
in Tytuo.

typela)

b: "3"
type ( b)

Lhring and vice-vwa

(tF POSs |BLE)
TUPLES 1N PYTHON: 782ART
mmutiblr data tyhe tn tyon
canot be chavged daiusd
tngty utle
a (1, ) -uple wttth onty cne elewwut nedi a conamd
a.(1,7,5) - t l e ith wusve thoua Bne

Cnte datined a tufte's alemeut camot be altered m wmaupáled

TUPLE METHO0S:

a- (1,7, 2)
1 occuYtd
1) 0.couutl1) ) Thes
in tusle.
hetusu the index AtYst 0CuYMee
2) a.Index (1)
! in a
 CHAPTER:4 - LISTS AND TUPLES1Y1 HE 29UT

Jists Qe containeY¢wch can atore o st

Python

mlist ['ApleAkash', 27, 3.21. falie]

int toat baul
wt Can change the
string
lomeuts 4 te t by vassou netluods

A ist cau be indexed just ike a ating

L1 ( 7,9," alexa"1
L1 [0] 7
LI[1] 9
L1 [70] Erroy
L1 fo:2] [7.9)st sicig

List Methods
conviduing allaaig
1 (1,8, 7, 2, 21,15|

1) L1.sort) > bdates the ist to [1, 2,7, 8, 15,217

1.vrge ) ’ usdatu the ust to [15,21, 2, 7, 8, 1 1
the end a List.
3) L4.o}kend 8) > adds 8 at
insert l3, 3) This i l odd 8 af index
4) L1.
w! dalete the elmut ot indur 2
5) 11. po} (2)
21 fTonm ho ust
6) 1.YewBNA (2)) )
3. shivg. cauut 1
character
aviug-cauu("k")
thing,. cout ('aie)
4. stving. cabiBatize () isunchan cpi talizes tht hst
charackv a giveu ating
5. string find ('ard) ’ hw funchim seluw tht index 4
fivt occurauee hat wod in the striut
6. shing. veblace (atduovd, nesard) he fuuchn hehla eea
he otd-wovd with new-tYd In the eutive

ESCAPE SEQUENCE CHARACTERS

\n ete

nes Line tab shace Sig sing

bock slash.
quite
 CHAPTER:5 - DICTIONARY 4 SETS

Dictiouauy u a cllechim key-value pairs

ula "kuy"vatue"
Ncoding",
*uorks "i00",

a ["ku"] ’piuts "value" 0HT 228

100

a ["it] ’ piuts [1,2,5]

Prouties Bylhon pichonay

i) Tt couot cantain dulicate keys

Dictionary Methods :
Covuiduwy :eo
olsing dictonay

warkr" [92,98,97) ?
 CHAPTER :6- cONDITiONAL EKPRESSIDNsorsg
f dse and elf in THON
H else and elif atafewent ane
decist m takeu by Q rogaw cuet0 cevtal n Conditin
in 0UY C0de.

Synta:
i4 (conditim 1)
indertahi Cprint ("Yes") if condiien sa true
elif (condíien 2):
pHut ( " N u ) e f tondí hin 2
elce:
pintl"Moyse") othewise

Reloti ena operatYS

Relafinal ohenatrs aat vaed to evaluate condihoL
ivsde the if else ad elit tatemuts
Relahonad oben otoys OuN!

’ greate than equl to

LOGICAL OPERA TORS:

’tue 14 both openandu one true ei fala
’ tue If at Jeast one operond se ue else jale

uwbe eif atateut.

(at elce u erected ony H all te conditon gails.
 N8A
AB A- R,
R’AUB Rt A
AnB - R+R+R
AUB ’
B
An R R
la retso
tereecirn in byset veluna (8,13) intevsechon s.vi)
8,2,3,3 il,
sete botth fem its
retuus s.uuion(
16,1
)
s 1et the s.cleav() iv)
Uwwed. olemeut the
set the trom elemeut bitay a
1,1,3 s5retusn )s.YemOve
(B)
4d) the ugth 4
(tht TctuTnA Lm(s)
> i)
ollaiug
set Conuideung
susmet Operafien
on
) a. items => Athusw a list (kuy, valuu) tuples.
i) a. keyst thuus a ist covtaiving dichionasy's key
i9 a. ubdaBe (
friendNi"3) ) update the
with sufsied kuy - value pa

Hev alok ill be retuAned

SETS JN PYTHON:

Set s a collectim 4 wan-yeþititive elumet

s set)
No repthn allowed
S.addl1)
S. add(2)

Qs wathematca sets.

Poferties:
i) sets ane wuOYdeYed .
i) sets aye unindexed > cauust acces eleutb ndx.i

) sets cOMwat coutain duplicatn valme.

 CHAPTER:7 - LOOPS IN YTHON

In Python

) olite Loo

While ao:
Oyutor:
ile c ondilan :

lu ulite ooh, the condihm chected irst 1 it evaluates

body the uof executed otheuwise wot

Js Conlinued until the

Conditn bttawe falsa.

ek:

wile i5: ’ huts Yes - 5 twas

priut (" Yes")
it+
 for Loop: F04

kist, tule shing CIterablel

for ite in e': prints 1,7 and&

print (itw)

Rauge duachim in Python

he saue fumchm in yton ds used to gemeate

we Cau
also ecify the tst, stop aud teh-size a folous
Tauge (ctart, step, steh size )

for i tn rawge (o,7) ’ Tamge(7) Can also be wed

print ( 1) ’ pit o to 6.

Foy Loo with else

An opibual else cau be wd i h a for soos
f the code be executed wher the
execues
Outut
l: [1, 7, 8]
7
print (item) Dore
else
 inabeve defvd
we funci)
ut
inhutl),
ct. ,vaye), pmntU Au),
ue the bay Dowed
Tytun frusnt
in Already funchy inBuit 9
Pythou funchion
in Tyes
ca. fuuehon the
ueCuted wich
chw set exatt coutaiuug
the pant The
Defiutien: Funetion
call.funchen called w Dhis fumci()
aethesis jol euas
bgfltwed funchim he 4
the fuucion
ut we acall to uteneve
We
Cou sFunction
rogma. the auguhe
in
catled becaufuuchibu T
("Hi) prit
Fuuchous
RECURSIONS FUNeTIONS
4 CHAPTER:
- 8
he brenk statemtut,
btak
the

fo i in vaylo,i0o)

break

The eoutiue statemeut

Couthnut
Mevahm
Coutinue with

it iwtvucs the ogLauu to "skp tu iterahm

print (" Helo")

Conthue
print (i)

Pass stateuent
pas4

walki!
l- [1,7, )
ter item in !:
pars
Functiant oth arguMuts :

wock uoit we Cam ut thet valueA In the paentheis.

A funchien can ado utuu Vaues as oou belo

def qhut (name) :

9Y "Helo" + name

s paded to gret func n name

AOk
aF greet (Alo')
wiL ho coutain Hulo Alok
a

Default Paameter Value :

hawe a value
in fuuchon.
ApecityValuenae "strangoa" he ine contaitig

pased.
x:

det gret name:"strouge') :

At fuuchen body
qrut ) ’ Nae will be "staue in fumchion bedy (aejaut)
eet ("Atek) ’ Name wll be "At:k in funcim body (pawed)
Recursion

a fnchm wtica calls

a matheuwakca foymula a
a fuuchim.

factovial (n) nx factorial (n-1)

his fmchm c be

dek fa cteial(n)
4 n== 0 6 nt ’ BaAe cond" wich daeunt
vetun 1
else :
retun n factoviat (n-1) func" callig ts

factorial (4)

4 X fottoiat (3)

4 x [34a ctevial (2)]

4 2x [2x fachial( 1)]
4X 3 2 1

we slhould Unt Ycumi ston Nheu the juch cue iniwledy

0thty mAthods to vead the lu

veod a wd.

- Asadliw () veada ene in 4 ths file.

ahiting iles in Pythan

wnle W
it in ad atpeud umk to the ftle.
he tstaou's

cau bt calld wulife iwLD

with otatemeut :

The beat way to oeu aud clot 4he jle

cotth tatuwsut
autowathially

+ Dou't mud to wnle 4.doc

ît takU
2 paaouektfileuame aud mode.
open (" thiu tt',)
iluame
ohen a a built-in fuwchen

binay kuot
in toxt wode

Reading a file in ythan:

4: ohem this.tt") ohen the file in tad only wugda
tert f.Yead () Yend ts cowtut a stores in fext vaiakle
print ( text) pmut the tert vani ab te
f.close () claseu th fe.

also spe cify the wumbes d chaacte in

funchion: tvad (2)
b reads 4vet 9 chavacters
 CHAPTER: 10 - FLE I/0
its catuds
The Ramdouu Acce1 MewoYry volakle ound al
teAwinats Lu trde
ale ot ouce a brogtau
pesist he data toeve we

data etored in a tored. duice A bytuo

A Hle
Progtaiu Cau hlk to he il by Heoding the content
couttut to it

in ythan
rogyaums RAM - Volahle progy TnA in
i!
sai
RoM : uôn-valahle file qets ub dated

1yer files:
Mheu
i) Text file (.txt, cet)
") Binang Htes (g, dat , ete) y sli ihas
ha a et qumctou for eadivg updatig ond
deleting files-hbatwa sh heiriheri