Example 6.

5:
Solution Example 6.5:

𝑚𝑚 = 12, 𝑛𝑛 = 5

∑ 𝑋𝑋� 409.9
𝑋𝑋� = = = 34.1583
𝑚𝑚 12
∑ 𝑅𝑅 53
𝑅𝑅� = = = 4.4167
𝑚𝑚 12

𝐷𝐷3 = 0

𝐷𝐷4 = 2.114

𝐴𝐴2 = 0.577
R-chart

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝐷𝐷3 𝑅𝑅� = 0 4.4167 = 0

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑅𝑅� = 4.4167

𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 𝐷𝐷4 𝑅𝑅� = 2.114 4.4167 = 9.3369

∴None of the points falls outside the limit, the process variability is in
control.
 R chart
10.0000
UCL
9.0000
8.0000
7.0000
6.0000
5.0000
R

CL
4.0000
3.0000
2.0000
1.0000
LCL
0.0000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sample Number
 � chart
𝑋𝑋-
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑋𝑋� − 𝐴𝐴2 𝑅𝑅� = 34.1583 − 0.577 4.4167 = 31.6099

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑋𝑋� = 34.1583

𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 𝑋𝑋� + 𝐴𝐴2 𝑅𝑅� = 34.1583 + 0.577 4.4167 = 36.7067

Since sample number 3 is beyond the 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈, the process mean is not in
control. Assume assignable cause found and remove the point.
 X-bar chart
38.0000
37.0000 UCL
36.0000
35.0000
CL
34.0000
X-bar

33.0000
32.0000 LCL
31.0000
30.0000
29.0000
28.0000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sample Number
R-chart
∑ 𝑅𝑅 48
𝑅𝑅� = = = 4.3636
𝑚𝑚 11

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝐷𝐷3 𝑅𝑅� = 0 4.3636 = 0

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑅𝑅� = 4.3636

U𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐷𝐷4 𝑅𝑅� = 2.114 4.3636 = 9.2247

∴None of the points falls outside the limit, the process variability is in
control.
 R chart
10.0000 UCL
9.0000
8.0000
7.0000
6.0000
5.0000 CL
R

4.0000
3.0000
2.0000
1.0000
LCL
0.0000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sample Number
 � chart
𝑋𝑋-

∑ 𝑋𝑋� 372.8
𝑋𝑋� = = = 33.8909
𝑚𝑚 11

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑋𝑋� − 𝐴𝐴2 𝑅𝑅� = 33.8909 − 0.577 4.3636 = 31.3731

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑋𝑋� = 33.8909

𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 = 𝑋𝑋� + 𝐴𝐴2 𝑅𝑅� = 33.8909 + 0.577 4.3636 = 36.4087

All points are within limits, the process is now in control.

 X-bar chart
37.0000 UCL
36.0000
35.0000
34.0000 CL

33.0000
X-bar

32.0000 LCL
31.0000
30.0000
29.0000
28.0000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Sample Number
Example 6.6:
Solution Example 6.6:

Sample Number of death p

1 25 0.00025
2 24 0.00024
3 22 0.00022
4 25 0.00025
5 27 0.00027
6 30 0.00030
7 31 0.00031
8 30 0.00030
9 33 0.00033
10 32 0.00032
11 33 0.00033
12 32 0.00032
13 31 0.00031
𝑝𝑝-chart

∑ 𝑝𝑝 0.00375
𝑝𝑝̅ = = = 0.0002885
𝑚𝑚 13

𝑝𝑝̅ 1 − 𝑝𝑝̅ 0.0002885 0.9997115

𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑝𝑝̅ − 3 = 0.0002885 − 3 = 0.0001274
𝑛𝑛 100000

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑝𝑝̅ = 0.0002885

𝑝𝑝̅ 1−𝑝𝑝̅ 0.0002885 0.9997115

U𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑝𝑝̅ + 3 = 0.0002885 + 3 = 0.0004496
𝑛𝑛 100000

Since all the points are within the control limits, the process is in control.
 p chart
0.0005000
UCL
0.0004500
0.0004000
0.0003500
0.0003000 CL
0.0002500
p

0.0002000
0.0001500 LCL
0.0001000
0.0000500
0.0000000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Sample Number