BATCH CODE : 37-LJ 101 MA2024

Subject Name – CHEMISTRY

Chapter Name – Electrochemistry

MCQ By-
 Question 1

Explain different condition when external potential is applied in opposite direction

in galvanic cell (Voltaic cell) by taking suitable cell example. [3 Marks]
Sol. : (a) Condition-I : (Condition in which the flow of current continue through the
galvanic cell or 𝐄ext < 1.1 V ) {According to diagram-(a) if an external opposite
potential is applied in the galvanic cell and increased slowly, we find that the
reaction continues to take place till the opposing voltage reaches the value 1.1 V.
Redox reaction continues in forward direction and reaction does not stops.
(b) Condition-II : (Condition in which galvanic cell is stopped or Eext = 1.1 V ):
(According to the diagram-(b), when the reaction stops altogether and no current
flows through the cell
(c) Condition-III : (condition in which electrochemical cell becomes electrolytic cell
or Eext > 𝟏. 𝟏V ) . It now functions as an electrolytic cell, a device for using
electrical energy to carry non-spontaneous chemical reactions.
 Question 2

Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction : [3 Marks]

⊖
Cu(") + 2Ag &
($%) → Cu '&
($%) + 2Ag (") Ecell = 0.46 V

Sol. : Electron change in this reaction = 2 = n

⊖
E(cell) = 0.46 V

K ) = equilibrium constant
⊖ 0.059 V
E(cell) = log K ) = 0.46 V
n Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide
Question 2

0.46 V×2
∴ log K ) = = 15.5932
0.059
∴ K )= Antilog 15.5932
= 3.9194×10*+ = 3.92×10*+
 Question 3

Calculate equilibrium constant at 298 K temperature for following reaction and also
calculate what maximum work can be obtained from this cell ? [4 Marks]
Mg Mg '&
($%) ∥ Ag ($%) Ag (")
⊖ ⊖
E,-!" ∣,- = −2.37 V and E/-" ∣/-
= 0.80 W
⊖
Sol. : Calculation of ΔEcell :
⊖ ⊖ ⊖
Ecell = E/-" ∣ Ag − E,-!" Mg

= 0.80 − (−2.37) = 0.80 + 2.37

= 3.17 V
Calculation of equilibrium constant K ) :
⊖ 0.059 ⊖
Ecell = log K ) where, Ecell = 3.17 V
n
Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide
 Question 3
0.0+2
⸫3.17 V = log K )
'
3.*4×'
⸫ log K ) = 0.0+2 = 107.4576
⸫ K )= Antilog 107.4576 = 2.8681×10*04
Calculation for Gibbs free energy difference Δ6 G ⊖:
⊖
= 2 mol, F = 96487Cmol7*, Ecell = 3.17 V
⊖
Δ6 G ⊖ = −nFEcell
⸫ Δ6 G ⊖ = −(2 mol) 96487Cmol7* (3.17 V)
= −611727.6 V = 611727.6 J
= −611.727 J ≈ −611.7 kJ
ωele = −ΔG = −(−611.7 kJ) = +611.7 kJ
 Question 4

Calculate ΔG and Ecell for the following cell at 298 K temperature. [4 Marks]
Al(") Al3&(0.01M) ∥ Fe'&(0.02M) Fe(")
⊖ ⊖
E/8#" ∣/8 = −1.66 V and E9:!" ∣9:
= −0.44 V

⊖
Sol. : Calculation of ΔEcell :
⊖ ⊖ ⊖
Ecell = E9:!" Fe − E/-#"
Al
= [(−0.44 − (−1.66)]
= 1.22 V

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 4

Calculation of Ecell :
For reaction : 2Al(") + 3Fe'&(0.02M) → Fe(") + 2Al3&(0.01M), n = 6 = electron
difference
So according to Nernst equation,
0.059 Al3& '
⊖
Ecell = Ecell − log
n Fe'& 3

0.0+2 (0.0*)!
= 1.22 − ; log (0.0')#
0.0+2 *00
= 1.22 − log
; <
0.0+2
= 1.22 − (1.0969)
;
= 1.22 − 0.0108 = 1.209 = 1.21 V
 Question 5

conductivity depends on what? [2 Marks]

Sol. : Conductivity depends on three main facto

(i) Nature of substance
(ii) Temperature and (iii) Pressure
 Question 6

(I) Write a note on Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions and limiting
molar conductivity (Λ0=) of strong electrolyte.
(II) Write down is importance and give is importance. [5 Marks]
Sol. : (I) Law : Limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyre can be represented as
the sum of the individual contributions of the anion and cation of the electrolyte.
if λ?
>$" = limiting molar conductivity of the sodium.

λ0)@ = limiting molar conductivity of the chloride ions.

∴ Λ0=(>$)8) = λ0>$" + λ0)8$ = λ0= Na& + λ∘= Cl7
Here, λ0& and λ07 are the limiting molar conductivities of the cation and anion
respectively.

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 6

(II) Uses : (Using Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions, it

is possible to calculate Λ∘= for any electrolyte from the λ0= of
individual ions. ΛB= = v&λB= + +v7λB=
Moreover, for weak electrolytes like acetic acid it is possible to
determine the value of its dissociation constant once we know the
Λ∘= and Λ= at a given concentration c.
cα' cΛ'=
k$ = = ∘ ∘
1 − α Λ= Λ= − Λ=
Degree of dissociation of weak electrolyte :
Λ=
(α) = ∘
Λ=
 Question 7

The conductivity of 0.001028 mol L–1 acetic acid is 4.95×107+ S cm7*. Calculate its
dissociation constant if Λ∘= for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm' mol7*. [4 Marks]

Sol. : (i) Calculation for Λ= of CH3COOH :

k Conductivity of solution
Λ= = =
c Molarity of solution
4.95×107+ S cm7* 1000 cm3
= 7* ×
0.001028 mol L L
= 48.15 S cm' mol7*
(ii) Calculation of degree of dissociation ( α ) :
Λ= 48.15 S cm' mol7*
α= ∘ = ' 7* = 0.1233
Λ= 390.5Scm mol
Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide
 Question 7

(iii) Calculation of dissociation constant k $ of CH3COOH :

cα'
k$ =
(1 − α)
0.001028 mol L7* ×(0.1233)'
=
(1 − 0.1233)
0.001028×(0.1233)'
= mol L7*
0.8767
= 1.78×107+ mol L7*
 Question 8

Write anodic and cathodic reaction for Dry cell and Lead storage cell (discharging).
[August-2020] [4 Marks]

Sol. : Reactions of dry cells :

Oxidation of Zn is carried out near anode :
Zn(") → Zn'& + 2e7
Reduction of MnC& of MnO' in Mn3&(Mn3&O OH) is carried out near cathode :
MnO' + NHC& + e7 → MnO(OH) + NH3
&C &3

Zn'& ions produced during reaction will make complex with NH3 and get converted
into Zn NH3 C '&.
2H'O(8)

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 8

So over all reaction : Zn(") + 2MnO' + 2NHC& → Zn'& + 2MnO(OH) + 2NH3

Discharging reaction of cell : When cell is in working condition following
reactions are carried out.
Anode : Oxidation of Pb into PbSOC
(i) Pb(s) + SO'7
C($%) → PbSOC( ") + 2e
7

Cathode : Reduction of PbO' into PbSOC

&
(ii) PbO'( ") + SO'7
C($%) + 4H ($%) + 2e 7 → PbSO
C( ") + 2H' O(8)

When doing (i + ii), overall reaction of lead storage cell is obtained.

(iii) Pb(") + PbO'( ") + 2H'SOC($%) → 2PbSOC( ") +
 Question 9

Calculate equilibrium constant for the reaction occurring in the following cell at
298 K temperature. [July-2022] [2 Marks]
Co Co'&
($%) Ni'&
($%) Ni
B B
E)B!" ∣)B = −0.28 V, E>E!" ∣>E = −0.25 V

B B B
Sol. : Ecell = E>E!" Ni − E)B!" Co

= −0.25 − (−0.28)V = 0.03 V

B
n×Ecell 2×0.03
log K F = = = 1.016 Antilog
0.059 0.059
K F = 10.3968×10* = 10.3968
 Question 10

Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whose pH is 10 .

[2 Marks]

Sol. : pH = −log H & = 10 or log H & = −10.0

∴ H & = Antilog (10) = 1×10*0M
*
Reaction : H &(xM) + e7 → H
' '( -)
⊖ 0.0+2 *
Ecell = Ecell − log "
G H
0.0+2
= 0.0 + *
log H&
= 0.059(−10.0)
= −0.59 V
 Question 11
Consider the reaction :
Cr'O'7 & 7
4 + 14H + 6e → 2Cr
3& + 7H O
'
What is the quantity of electricity in coulombs needed to reduce 1 mol of Cr'O'7
4 ?
[2 Marks]
Sol. :

Therefore, to reduce 1 mole of Cr'O'7

4 , 6 mole electrons will be used.
So, the required quantity of electricity will be :
So, 6 mole electron = 6 F electricity is used
6 F electricity = 6×96500 Coulomb = 579000 Coulomb
 Question 12
How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce :
(i) 20.0 g of Ca from molten CaCl' ?
(ii) 40.0 g of Al from molten Al'O3 ? [3 Marks]

Sol. : (i) Required electricity in Faraday to obtained 20.0 g calcium from the molten
CaCl' Ionization reaction : CaCl' → Ca'& + 2Cl7
Reduction reaction on cathode ∶ Ca'& + 2e7 → Ca
∴ 2 mole7 → 1 molCa
∴ 2 F → 40 gCa
∴ Faraday required to produce 20 gCa
20 g×2 F
= =1F
40 g

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 12

(ii) Required electricity in Faraday to obtained 40.0 g aluminium from the molten
Al'O3.
The following reaction occurs on cathod of molten Al'O3.
Al'O3(8) → 2Al3& + 3O'7
and reduction Al3& + 3e7 → Al
So, we get 1 mole Al from 3 mole e7.
∴ We get 27.0 gAl from 3F electricity.
So, the electricity required to get 40.0 gAl
3 9×C0.0 -
= '4.0 -
= 4.444 F
 Question 13

Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following :

(i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with silver electrodes. [May - 2021] [4 Marks]
(ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrodes. (iii) A dilute solution of
H'SOC with platinum electrodes. [May - 2021]
(iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl' with platinum electrodes.

Sol. : cathode.
Ag &
($%) + e 7 → Ag ; E ⊖ = 0.80 V
(")

& 1
H($%) + e → H'( -) ; E⊖ = 0.0 V
7
2
The reaction with a higher value takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition of
silver will take place at the cathode.

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

Question 13

At anode : The Ag anode is attacked by ions. Therefore, the silver electrode at the
anode dissolves in the solution to form Ag &.
(ii) At cathode : The following reduction reactions compete to take place at the
cathode.
Ag &
($%) + e 7 → Ag ; E ⊖ = 0.80 V
(")

& 1
H(aq)+ e7 → H'( -) ; E⊖ = 0.0 V
2
The reaction with a higher value of takes place at the cathode. Therefore, deposition
of silver will take place at the cathode.
At anode : Since Pt electrodes are inert, the anode is not attacked by NO7 3 ions.
Therefore, OH 7or NO73 ions can be oxidized at the anode. But OH 7 ions having a lower

discharge potential get preference and decompose to liberate O'.

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 13

OH 7 → OH + e7
4OH 7 → 2H'O + O'
(iii) At the cathode, the following reduction reaction occurs to produce H' gas.
& 1
H($%) + e7
→ H'( -)
2
At the anode, the following processes are possible.
&
2H'O(8) → O'( -) + 4H($%) + 4e7; E⊖ = 1.23 V
'&
2 SC($%) → S'O'7
C($%) + 2e 7 ; E ⊖ = +1.96 V
 Question 14

Why on dilution the Λ= of CH3COOH increases drastically, while that of CH3COONa

increases gradually ? [3 Marks]

Sol. : CH3COOH is weak electrolyte, so on dilution of such solution increases

dissociation and concentration of ions increases, so Λ= increases rapidly.
CH3COOH(8) + H'O(8) ⇌ CH3COO7
($%) + H O&
3 ($%)

CH3COONa is strong electrolyte. So, on dilution of such solution complete ionization

gives almost constant concentration.
CH3COONa(8) → CH3COO7
($%) + Na &
($%)

But in solution, on dilution of solution increases the inter ionic distance in solution
increases and hence, resultant interionic attraction also get decreases which give
slowly rise in value of Λ=.
 Question 15

Match the items of Column-I and Column-II. [2 Marks]

Column-I Column-II
(A) Leclanche cell (1) cell reaction: 2H' + O' → 2H'O
(B) Ni-Cd cell (2) does not involve any ion in solution and is used in
hearing aids
(C) Fuel cell (3) rechargeable
(D) Mercury cell (4) reaction at anode, Zn → Zn'& + 2e7

(5) converts energy of combustion into electrical energy

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 15

Sol. : Ans. (A − 4), (B − 3), (C − 1,5), (D − 2)

(A) Leclanche cell : It is also known as dry cell. In which cylinder of Zn is used, which
is anode and on anode has oxidation reaction according to option number 4 , which is
as follows:
Zn(") → Zn'& + 2e7
(B) Ni-Cd cell : It is a secondary cell. Which can be recharge.
(C) Fuel cell : In this cell, combustible energy (Chemical energy) of fuels like hydrogen,
In Hydrogen fuel cell, in concentrated aqueous solution of NaOH, when hydrogen and
oxygen gas is passed, then the following redox reaction is as follows :
2H'( -) + O'( -) → 2H'O(8)
 Question 16

Given below are two statements :

Statement-I : For KI, molar conductivity increases steeply with dilution.
Statement-II : For carbonic acid, molar conductivity increases slowly with
dilution. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below : [July - 2022] [1 Marks]
(A) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are true.
(B) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are false.
(C) Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false.
(D) Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true.

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 16

Sol. : As KI is a strong electrolyte molar conductivity remains nearly constant.

According to Ostwald's law of dilution, molar conductivity of carbonic acid
significantly increases with dilution as it is a weak electrolyte.
 Question 17

When 6 faraday electricity is pass through aqueous solution of silver nitrate, copper
sulphate and gold chloride AuCl3 , then what ratio of mole of metals obtained at
cathode? [2 Marks]
Sol. : AgNO3 → Ag & + NO7
3
AgNO3 → Ag & + NO7
3
Ag & + e7 → Ag ∴ 6Ag & + 6e7 → 6Ag(6 moles of Ag obtained by 6 F)
CuSOC → Cu'& + SO'7
C

Cu'& + 2e7 → Cu (3 moles of Cu obtained by 6 F )

AuCl3 → Au3& + 3Cl7
Au3& + 3e7 → Au
∴ 2Au3& + 6e7 → 2Au ( 2 moles of Au obtained by 6 F ) So, mole reaction of Ag, Cu
and Au metal is 6: 3: 2.
 Question 18

While charging the lead storage battery : [March-2020] [1 Marks]

Sol. : For charging of lead storage cell external electric current is passed. In charging
process, opposite reactions of discharging of battery is observed.
In this, Pb is obtained on anode / cathode by reduction of PbSOC as follows :
PbSOC( I) + 2e7 → Pb(I) + SO'7
C(%%)

In a condition of non charging, this electrode is work as anode. So in this regards, we can
think, reduction of Pb of PbSOC of original anode is observed and hence, option A is
true.
 Question 19
Three electrolytic cells A, B, C containing solution NiSOC, AgNO3 , and CuSOC ,
respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed
through them until 1.45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of cell B. How long did
the current flow ? What mass of copper and Nickel were deposited ? [Atomic mass
of Ag = 108u, Ni = 58.7u, Cu = 63.5u ] [March-2020, July-2023] [4 Marks]
Sol. : According to Faraday's Second Law of electrolysis
m)J E)J
=
m/- E/-
63.5
m)J
∴ = 2 ∴ m)J = 0.426 g
1.45 108
1
)*.,
=%& K%& =%&
Similarly = ∴ = !
-.* ∴ m>E = 0.394 g
='( K'( *.C+
-
 Question 20

The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L7* methanoic acid is 46.1 S cm' mol7* .
Calculate its degree of dissociation and dissociation constant. Given λ∘ H & =
349.6 S cm' mole and λ∘ HCOO7 = 54.6 S cm' mol7*. [4 Marks]
Sol. : (i) Calculation of λB=(HCOOH) :
&
HCOOH → HCOO7 ($%) + H (aq)
methanoic acid
∴ λB=(HCOOH) = λB= H & + λB= HCOO7
= (349.6 + 54.6)Scm' mol7*
= 404.2 S cm' mol7*
(ii) Calculation for degree of dissociation ( α ) :
Molar conductivity
α= k Where, λ=(HCOOH)
Limited molar conductivity
Λ=(HCOOH)
= ∘
Λ=(HCOOH) Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide
 Question 20
46.1 S cm' mol74
= Where, c = 0.025 mol L7*
404.2 S cm' mol7*
0.025×(0.1141)'
= 0.1141 =
0.8859
Percentage of dissociation = 100α = 0.0003673
= 100×0.1141 = 3.673×107C
= 11.41%
(iii) Calculation for dissociation constant
K$ :
c×α'
∴ K$ =
(1 − α)
0.025×(0.1141)'
= α = 0.1141
(1 − 0.1141)
 Question 21

In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction
takes place:
Zn(") + Ag 'O(") + H'O(8) → Zn'&
(aq) + 2Ag (") + 2OH 7
($%)
Determine Δ6 𝐆𝐨 and E⊖ cell for the reaction. [3 Marks]

⊖
Sol. : (a) Calculation of standard reduction potential Ecell :
The following reaction is carried out in button cell.
Zn(") + Ag 'O(") + H'O(8) → Zn'&
(aq) + 2Ag (") + 2OH 7
($%)

Oxidation : Zn(") → Zn'&

($%) + 2e 7

⊖
∴ EM⊖ = ENG⊖" ∣NG = −0.76 V

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 21
7
Reduction: Ag 'O(") + 2e7 + H'O(8) → 2Ag (") + 2OH($%)

∴ EO⊖ = E/-
⊖
! ?∣/-
= 0.344 V
⊖
∴ ΔEcell = EO⊖ − EM⊖
⊖
= E/-! ?∣/-
− ENG!" ∣NG
= 0.344 − (−0.76)
= +1.104 V
calculation of Δ6 GB Where, n = 2 mol
⊖
Δ6 GB = −nFEcell ⊖
Ecell = 1.104 V = −213072 J
= −2.13×10+ J
F = 96500Cmol7*
= −213.072 kJ
∴ Δ6 G∘ = −(2 mol)× 96500Cmol7* ×(1.104 V)
≈ −213 kJ
= −213072CV
 Question 22

A solution of Ni NO3 ' is electrolysed between platinum electrodes using a current

of 5 amperes for 20 minutes. What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode?
[March-2022] [3 Marks]
Sol. : Mass of electricity Q = 5 A×20×60 s = 6000C
By the following reaction Ni is formed.
Ionization : Ni NO3 ' $% → Ni'&
(aq) + 2NO7
3( (qq)

Reduction on cathode : Ni'& 7

($%) + 2e $ → Ni(8)
' =B8: * =B8>E
According to this reaction, 2 mol e-, 2 F electricity 1 molNi = 58.7 gNi
So, 2×96500 coulomb electricity produce 58.79 gmNi and so mass of Ni obtained by
using 6000 coulomb electricity
;000×+<.42
= '×2;+00
= 1.8277 gNi
 Question 23

Can absolute electrode potential of an electrode be measured ? [2 Marks]

Sol. : No, only the difference in potential between two electrodes can be measured.
Absolute electrode potential could not be measured, because, only oxidation or
reduction reaction can possible in one electrode. Two different electrode has
oxidation - reduction reaction is possible.
 Question 24

(a) Can E⊖ or Δ6 G ⊖ for cell reaction ever be equal to zero?

cell
(b) Under what condition is Ecell = 0 or Δ6 G = 0 ? [4 Marks]

⊖
Sol. : (a) No, Ecell or Δ6 G ⊖ for cell reaction cannot be equal to zero, because if the
value is zero then reaction will be in equilibrium and so there will be no reaction in
cell and such cell has no mean.
(b) When chemical reaction achieves in equilibrium reaction, then chemical
reaction will stop and value of Ecell and Δ6 G become zero.
 Question 25

In an aqueous solution, how does specific conductivity of electrolytes change with

addition of water? [2 Marks]

Sol. : Specific conductivity of solution decreases with dilution of solution.

On addition of water to the electrolytic solution, i.e., on dilution the interionic
distance between ions get increases. So, number of ions in specific volume of
solution get decreases. And hence, specific conductivity get decreases on dilution.
 Question 26
Calculate the maximum work and log K F for the given reaction at 298 K :
Ni " + 2Ag &$% ⇌ Ni'&
$% + 2Ag "
∘ ∘
Given: E%& !" = −0.25 V, E'(" = +0.80 V 1 F = 96500Cmol7*
%& '(
(2020) [3 Marks]
∘
Sol. : Ecell = 1.05 V
∘ 0.0+2*
Ecell = G
log K F
K.0122 ×G *.0+×'
log K F = =
0.0+2* 0.0+2*
log K F = 35.53
K F = antilog 35.53 = 3.38×103+ = −202.65 kJ mol7*
The maximum work that can be obtained = 202.65 kJ.
 Question 27

Out of the following pairs, predict with reason which pair will allow greater conduction
of electricity.
(i) Silver wire at 30∘ C or silver wire at 60∘ C.
(ii) 0.1MCH3COOH solution or 1MCH3COOH solution.
(iii) KCl solution at 20∘ C or KCl solution at 50∘ C. [2020][3 Marks]

Sol. : (i) Silver wire at 30∘ C allows greater conduction of electricity than 60∘ C because
with increase in temperature metallic conduction decreases due to vibration of
kernels.
(ii) 0.1M acetic acid solution allows greater conduction of electricity because with
dilution degree of dissociation increases and hence, number of ions increases.
(iii) KCl solution at 50∘ C will have greater conductance. This is because ionic mobilities
increases with increase in temperature.
 Question 28

(a) Following reaction takes place in the cell:

Zn(") + Ag 'O(") + H'O(E) → Zn'&
($%) + 2Ag (") + 2OH 7
($%)

Calculate Δ6 G∘ of the reaction..

[Given: E∘NG!" /NG = −0.76 VE∘/-" //- = 0.80 V, 1 F = 96,500Cmol7*]

(b) How can you determine limiting molar conductivity, Λ∘= for strong electrolyte
and weak electrolyte [2019][4 Marks]
∘
Sol. : (a) Ecell = E/-∘ //- − ENG!" /NG
= 0.80 + 0.76 = 1.56 V
Δ6 G∘ = −nFE∘
Δ6 G∘ = −2×96500×1.56
= 301080Jmol7* = 301.080 kJ mol7*
Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide
 Question 28

(b) For strong electrolytes the plot between Λ= and C is a straight line with
intercept equal to Λ∘= and slope equa to -A. Λ∘= for these can be obtained by
extrapolation of Λ= to zero concentration.
Λ∘= for weak electrolyte cannot be obtained by entrapolaration of graph at zero
concentration. Λ∘= for such case is obtained by using Kohlrausch law of independent
migration of ions. The law states that limiting molar conductivity of an electrolyte
can be represented as the sum of the individual contributions of the anion and cation
of the electrolytes, i.e., Λ∘= = v&λ0& + v7λ07
 Question 29

(a) The cell in which the following reaction occurs:

2𝐹𝑒 3& (QR) + 2𝐼
7 (aq) → 2𝐹𝑒 '&(𝑎𝑞) + 𝐼'(S) )
has 𝐸 ∘ cell = 0.236 𝑉 at 298 𝐾. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy of the cell
reaction.
(Given: 1 𝐹 = 96,500𝐶𝑚𝑜𝑙 7* )
(b) How many electrons flow through a metallic wire if a current of 0.5 𝐴 is passed for
2 hours?
(Given: 1 𝐹 = 96,500} 𝑚𝑜𝑙 7* ) [2017][3 Marks]

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 29

Sol. : (a) 2Fe3& + 2e7 ⟶ 2Fe'& and 2I 7 ⟶ I' + 2e7

Hence, for the given cell reaction, n = 2
Δ6 G∘ = −nFE∘ cell = −2×96500×0.236 = −45.55 kJ mol7*
(b) Given, I = 0.5 A, t = 2hrs.
Number of electrons = ?
Total charge (Q) = 1×t = 0.5×2×60×60 = 3600C
Total charge
∴ Number of electrons =
Charge of one electron
3600
=
1.6×107*2
= 2.25×10'' electrons
 Question 30

(a) The conductivity of 0.001 mol L7* acetic acid is 4.95×107+ S cm7*. Calculate the
dissociation constant if Λ∘= for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm' mol7*.
(b) Write Nernst equation for the reaction at 25∘ C :
2Al(") + 3Cu'&
(aq)
→ 2Al3&
(aq) + 3Cu(")
(c) What are secondary batteries? Give an example [2019][5 Marks]

Sol. : (a) κ = 4.95×107+Scm7*, M = 0.001M

Λ∘= = 390.5 S cm' mol7*
We know that
κ×1000 4.95×107+×1000
Λ= = = = 49.5Scm' mol7*
M 0.001
Λ= 49.5
α= ∗ = = 0.1267
Λ= 390.5 Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide
 Question 30

Cα' 0.001×0.1267×0.1267
KF = = = 1.82×107+
1−α (1 − 0.1267)
!
∘ 0.0+2* /8#"
(b) Ecell = Ecell ;
log )J!" #

(c) The batteries which can be recharged again and again are
called as secondary batteries. e.g., lead storage battery.
 Question 31

Give reasons for the following;

(i) Rusting of iron is quicker in saline water than in ordinary water.
(ii) Aluminium metal cannot be produced by the electrolysis of aqueous solution of
aluminium salt. [2 Marks]

Sol. : (i) In saline water the presence of Na&and Cl7ions increases the conductivity
of the liquid layer in contact with the metallic surface. This accelerates the
formation of Fe'& ions and hence that of rust Fe'O3 ⋅×H'O.
(ii) Aluminium has a larger discharge potential than H & ions and thus during
electrolysis of its aqueous solution. Al3& ions are not discharged at cathode. Instead,
H &ions are discharged at cathode to liberate H' gas.
 Question 32

(a) Why does the cell voltage of a mercury cell remain constant during its lifetime?
(b) Write the reaction occurring at anode and cathode and the products of
electrolysis of aq KCl.
(c) What is the pH of HCl solution when the hydrogen gas electrode shows a
potential of −0.59 V at standard temperature and pressure [2022,23][5 Marks]

Sol. : (a) The cell potential remains constant during its life as the overall reaction
does not involve any ion in solution whose concentration can change during its
lifetime.

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 32

(b) KCl($%) ⇌ K &

($%) + Cl7
($%)
*
Cathode: H'O 8 + e7 ⟶ H + OH 7$%
' '-
*
Anode: Cl7$% ⟶ Cl
' ' $%
+ e7
* *
Net reaction: KCl($%) + H'O(8) ⟶ K &
($%) + OH 7
($%) + ' H'(-) + ' Cl'
Question 32

(c) Given, potential of hydrogen gas electrode = −0.59 V

& 7 *
Electrode reaction: H + e ⟶ ' H' Applying Nernst equation,
Applying Nernst equation,
0.0+2 H! -/!
E H" /H! = E∘H" /H − log "
! G H

E∘H" /H! = V
E H" /H! = −0.59 V
n=1
H' = 1bar
−0.59 = 0 − 0.059 −log H &
−0.59 = −0.059pH
∴ pH = 10
 Question 33

On diluting two electrolytes ' A ' and ' B ', then Λ= of ' A ' increases 25 times while
that of ' B ' increases by 1.5 times. Which of the two electrolytes is strong? Justify
your answer graphically. [2023] [2 Marks]
Sol. : The molar conductivity Λ= of strong
electrolyte increases slowly with dilution as
there is no increase in number of ions on
dilution because they are already completely
dissociated whereas Λ= for weak electrolyte
increases very rapidly on dilution as the
number of ions increase due to increase in
dissociation. Hence, B is a strong electrolyte
and A is a weak electrolyte.
 Question 34

Estimate the minimum potential difference needed to reduce Al'O3 at 500∘ C. The
' C
Gibbs energy change for the decomposition reaction, Al'O3 → Al + O' is 960 kJ.
3 3
F = 96500Cmol7* [2014, 2017] [3 Marks]
3
Sol. : Al'O3 2Al3& + 3O'7 → 2Al + ' O', n = 6e7
2 4 2
∴ Al'O3 → Al + O', n = ×6e7 = 4e7
3 3 3
ΔG = 960 kJ = 960000 J
Now, ΔG = −nFEcell
ΔG −960000
Ecell = − = = −2.487 V
nF 4×96500
Minimum potential difference needed to reduce Al'O3 is −2.487 V
Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide
 Question 35

n the plot of molar conductivity Λ= vs square root of concentration(c*/'),following

curves are obtained for two electrolytes A and B
Answer the following:
(i) Predict the nature of electrolytes A and B.
(ii) What happens on extrapolation of Λ= to concentration approaching zero for
electrolytes A and B ? [2019] [2 Marks]

Solution To Be Conti… Next Slide

 Question 35

Sol. : (i) Electrolyte A is a strong electrolyte while electrolyte B is a weak electrolyte.

(ii) For electrolyte A, the plot becomes linear near high dilution and thus can be
extrapolated to zero concentration to get the molar conductivity at infinite dilution.
For weak electrolyte B, Λ= increases steeply on dilution and extrapolation to zero
concentration is not possible. Hence, molar conductivity at infinite dilution cannot
be determined.
 Solve the DPP and
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