ACTIVE TRANSPORT

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher
concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower
concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active
transport requires cellular energy to achieve this movement.

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Facilitated diffusion is the transport of substances across a biological

membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration with the help of a transport molecule. Since substances
move along the direction of their concentration gradient, chemical
energy is not directly required.
ENDOCYTOSIS
Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be
internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a
vesicle containing the ingested material. Endocytosis includes pinocytosis and phagocytosis.

EXOCYTOSIS
Exocytosis is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules out of
the cell. As an active transport mechanism, exocytosis requires the use of energy to transport
material.