MOTION

Motion: Motion is the change in an object's position over time with its surroundings. For
example, a person walking down the street or a vehicle passing by are both in motion.
Reference Point: It is a fixed point considered in line, plane, surface, or space, so that
motion can be described easily by locating the position of the object. Live examples:
milestone, KOS(ancient), mountain milestone.
Difference between Rest & Motion:
Rest Motion
1. Rest: An object is said to be at rest if it 1. Motion: An object is considered to be in
remains stationary relative to its motion if it alters its position relative to
surroundings over time. its surroundings over time.
(Position does not change with time) (Position changes with time)
E.g.: A book lying on a desk is at rest because E.g.: A car speeding on the road, a ship sailing
its position on the desk does not change with on the water, and a bird flying through the air.
time.

Physical Quantities: There are two types of physical quantities 1) scalar, and 2) vector
Scalar quantity
• A Scalar quantity is described by only
magnitude.
• Described by just a single number.
• They do not have direction.
E.g.: Distance, speed, time, height, work done,
heat, mass, power, energy, temperature, electric
charge.
Live example: A car is moving at a speed of 30
Km per hour.
Vector quantity
• A vector quantity is described by both
magnitude and direction.
• Described by number and direction.
E.g.: Displacement, velocity, momentum, force,
weight, acceleration.
Live example: A car is moving with a velocity
of 30 Km per hour in the East.

Difference between Distance and Displacement

Distance Displacement
Distance is the actual length of the path Displacement is the shortest distance between
travelled by the particle in a given interval of the initial position and the final position of the
time. moving particle in a particular direction.
It can be more than one It is only one
It is a scalar quantity It is a vector quantity
It is always a positive It can be negative, positive, or zero
It does not decrease with time It can increase or decrease with time
Only magnitude is considered Both magnitude and direction are considered
It is greater than or equal to the displacement It is less than or equal to the distance
It depends on the path. It depends on the initial and final position of the
object