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suspect that they are casual visitors, coming to us at the end of the
year. The ordinary Parrots wing high, but the Macaws are
exceedingly high fliers, and the command of the continental and
insular shores, could be no difficulty to birds of their powerful,
though, usually, not long-sustained flight. When the October rains set
in, storms and deluges from the mountains of the continent to the
west of us, send myriad flocks of aquatic birds over to us, and it is
extremely likely that these magnificent Parrots are driven to our
shores, where they find in our genial mountains, the mild quietude of
the upper summer woods of Mexico.
“A mountain district very remote, between Trelawney and St.
Ann’s, here and there cleared and settled,—a peculiar country called
the Black grounds, is said to be the never failing resort of these
Mexican Macaws. I have been assured that several birds have been
procured there. This is said to be nearly as far eastward as they
have been found. Further westward, in the neighbourhood of the
Accompong Maroons, young birds, bearing the evidence of being in
the first year’s plumage, have been procured from hog-hunters. One
specimen, purchased from them by Mr. White, the proprietor of
Oxford estate, was for some time the admiration and talk of the
country round. I have been informed by those who have noticed the
bird on the wing, that although the Macaws are never seen but flying
extremely high, their great size, and their splendid length of tail,
brilliant with intense scarlet, and blue and yellow, strikingly attract
attention, if their harsh scream, heard in the hushed mountain
solitudes, does not betray them. They fly from one ridge to another,
journeying in pairs, and have been followed by the eye till they have
alighted on the loftiest of the forest trees, in their chosen resting
places.”
YELLOW-BELLIED PARROQUET.[75]
Conurus flaviventer.
Psittacus æruginosus, var. Lath. Syn.
Aratinga flaviventer, Spix. Av. Br. t. 18. f. 1.
[75] Length, measured over the head, 11¾ inches, expanse 16¾, flexure
5¾, tail 5, rictus ¾, tarsus ⁵⁄₁₀, middle toe 1¹⁄₁₀. Irides pale orange; cere
and cheeks, pale buff.
BLACK-BILLED PARROT.[76]
Psittacus agilis.
Psittacus agilis, Gmel.—Le Vaill. Perr. 105.
? Psittacus æstivus, var. α. Lath. Syn.
? ” ” var. δ. Ibid.
[76] Length 13¼ inches, expanse 20¼, flexure 6⁴⁄₁₀, tail 3¼, rictus ⁸⁄₁₀,
tarsus ⁹⁄₁₀, middle toe 1²⁄₁₀. Irides dark hazel: cere blackish ash-colour.
All the Parrots are gregarious, cunning, watchful, noisy,
mischievous; and thus are like the Monkeys. This and the following
species are so much alike in manners and general appearance, that
a description of one applies nearly to the other. Flocks varying from
half-a-dozen to twenty or thirty, fly hither and thither over the forest,
screeching as they go, and all alight together on some tree covered
with berries. Here they feast, but with caution; on a slight alarm one
screams, and the whole flock is on the wing, vociferous if not
musical; and brilliant if not beautiful; particularly when the sun shines
on their green backs and crimsoned wings. They generally prefer
lofty trees, except when, in June, the ripe yellow plantain tempts
them to descend, or when the black berry shines upon the pimento.
Of the latter, the flocks devour an immense quantity, and the former
they destroy by cutting it to pieces with their powerful beaks, to get at
the small seeds.
One day in January, when the pimento on the brow of Bluefields
Mountain was about ready for picking, being full-sized, but yet green
and hard, I observed large flocks of Black-bills and a few Parroquets,
flying to and fro with voluble chatter, now alighting to feed on the hot
aromatic berry, now flying off, and wheeling round to the same
neighbourhood again. They were not at all shy, but, with unusual
carelessness of our proximity, scarcely moved at the report of the
gun which brought their companions to the ground. Of two which I
shot on this occasion, I found the craws stuffed with the cotyledons
of the seed alone, the most pungently aromatic part of the berry; the
fleshy part having been, as I presume, shorn off by the beak and
rejected. When alighted, as is often the case, on a dry branch, their
emerald hue is conspicuous, and affords a fair mark for the gunner;
but in a tree of full foliage, their colour proves an excellent
concealment. They seem aware of this, and their sagacity prompts
them frequently to rely on it for security. Often we hear their voices
proceeding from a certain tree, or else have marked the descent of a
flock upon it, but on proceeding to the spot, though the eye has not
wandered from it, and we are therefore sure that they are there, we
cannot discover an individual. We go close to the tree, but all is
silent, and still as death; we institute a careful survey of every part
with the eye, to detect the slightest motion, or the form of a bird
among the leaves, but in vain; we begin to think that they have
stolen off unperceived, but on throwing a stone into the tree, a dozen
throats burst forth into cry, and as many green birds rush forth upon
the wing.
The screaming of this and the following species differs from that of
the Parroquet, so far as to be easily distinguished. That of the latter
consists of a series of harsh screeches, of comparative length; that
of the Parrots is less shrill, more broken into short and rapid
articulations, forming series of varying length, separated by
momentary pauses. It is, in fact, much more like a hurried chattering.
In some specimens, the patch of bright scarlet in the centre of the
wing, is diminished to a slight tinge on the edge, or even entirely
wanting. This is not a difference of sex, but probably of age.
I cannot well identify our Black-bill with Latham’s “Jamaica Black-
billed Green Parrot;” he calls it var. α of Æstivus, which it surely is
not; var. δ agrees in other particulars. Ours seems, as it were, made
up of both descriptions.
YELLOW-BILLED PARROT.[77]
Psittacus leucocephalus.
Psittacus leucocephalus, Linn.—Pl. Enl. 549.
Psittacus collarius, (young?) Ibid.
[77] Length 13½ inches, expanse 22¾, flexure 7¼, tail 4²⁄₁₀, rictus 1,
tarsus ⁸⁄₁₀, middle toe 1⁶⁄₁₀. Irides dark hazel; cere and eyelids greyish-
white. Sexes exactly alike.
Fam.—PICIDÆ.—(The Woodpeckers.)
YELLOW-BELLIED WOODPECKER.[78]
Picus varius.—Linn.
Aud pl. 190.
[78] Length 8¾ inches, expanse 15½, flexure 5, tail 3¼, rictus 1²⁄₁₀,
tarsus ¹⁷⁄₂₀, middle toe ¹⁸⁄₂₀
Centurus radiolatus.—Wagl.
Edw. 244.
[79] Length 11 inches, expanse 17¾, flexure 5½, tail 3⁷⁄₁₀, rictus 1¹³⁄₂₀,
tarsus 1²⁄₁₀, middle toe 1³⁄₁₀, versatile toe 1³⁄₁₀, nearly. Irides bright hazel,
or scarlet.
Fam.—CUCULIDÆ.—(The Cuckoos.)
RAINBIRD.[80]
Saurothera vetula.
Cuculus vetula, Linn.—Pl. Enl. 772.
Saurothera vetula, Vieill.—Gal. Ois. 38.
[80] Length 15½ inches, expanse 14³⁄₁₀, flexure 4⁶⁄₁₀, tail 6¾, rictus 2¹⁄₁₀,
tarsus 1⁶⁄₁₀, middle toe 1²⁄₁₀. Intestine 16 inches, very tender; two cæca,
about 2 inches long. Irides hazel; orbits scarlet. The sexes exactly alike.
HUNTER.[81]
Old Man.—Rainbird.
Piaya pluvialis.
Cuculus pluvialis, Gm.—Sloane. pl. 258.
Piaya pluvialis, Lesson.
[81] Length 19½ inches, expanse 19½, flexure 7½, tail 11¾, rictus 2,
tarsus 1¾, middle toe 1½. Irides hazel; feet bluish grey; beak black,
gonys pale grey. Plumage extremely loose and unwebbed. Head dark
grey, merging on the neck into dark greyish-green, which is the hue of the
back, rump, and wings, with metallic gloss. Tail feathers broad,
graduated, glossy black, tipped with white, broadly on the outmost.
Throat and breast white, the latter greyish; the remaining under parts
deep red-brown. Eyelids blackish. Interior of mouth black.
YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO.[82]
May-bird.
Coccyzus Americanus.
Cuculus Americanus, Linn.—Aud. pl. 2.
Cuculus Carolinensis, Wils.
Coccyzus Americanus, Vieill.
Erythrophrys Americanus, Sw.
[82] Length 13 inches, expanse 16½, flexure 5⁴⁄₁₀, tail 5½, rictus 1²⁄₁₀,
tarsus 1, middle toe 1.
All our Cuckoos but the present are permanent residents; this is
but a summer visitor. Nor is it at any time very common, a few only
taking up their abode with us, while their brethren continue their
vernal migration from the southern to the northern continent. In the
“Notes of a Year,” before quoted, Mr. Hill has the following
observations on this species. “The visit of the May-bird is one of the
precursors of the spring rains in this island. The hazy atmosphere
which precedes the showers of the vernal season, has already
dimmed the usual lustre of the sky; the winds have ceased; the heat
has begun to be irritably oppressive; the air to assume a steamy
denseness, hot and heavy; the butterflies have left the parched and
blighted pastures to congregate wherever they can find any kind of
moisture, and the insects to attract the Nightjars to the lowlands,
when the stuttering voice of this Yellow-billed Cuckoo is heard
among the prognostics of the coming rain.
“The May-bird, unlike the other Cuckoos with us, that never
migrate, prefers straggling trees by the wayside to hedgerow
thickets. With the first rain that falls, the hedge-trees, cleared of their
dust, have begun to put forth fresh foliage, and to form those closer
bowers favourable to the shy and solitary habits of this bird. It is
[comparatively] long-winged, and its swift arrowy flight might be
mistaken for that of some of the wild-pigeons. It ranges excursively,
and flies horizontally with a noiseless speed, dropping on the
topmost stems of trees, or descending into the middlemost
branches. When alighting, it betrays its presence by a sound like the
drawling cuck-cuck-cuck of a sauntering barn-door fowl.”
One which was slightly wounded, on being put into a cage with
some Pea-doves, began to attack them by munching out their
feathers. It was therefore placed by itself, when it sat moody and
motionless; attempting occasionally, however, to seize cockroaches
which were put in to it, and biting spitefully at the hand when
approached.
In skinning this bird, an operation very difficult from the tenderness
of the skin, my attention was called to a number of Entozoa, which
were writhing about on the surface of the sclerotica of the eyes,
within the orbit. They were very active, about half an inch long, and
as thick as a horse-hair. Under a lens, they appeared whitish,
pellucid, cylindrical, but tapered at each end; the intestinal canal
distinctly visible, much corrugated and in motion. There were traces
of transverse wrinkles. Sam informed me that he had observed them
once before in the eyes of the same species.
BLACK-EARED CUCKOO.[83]
Coccyzus seniculus.
Cuculus seniculus, Linn.—Aud. pl. 169.
Erythrophrys seniculis, Sw.
[83] Length 12½ inches, expanse 15½, flexure 5, tail 6¾, rictus 1⁴⁄₁₀.
tarsus 1¹⁄₁₀, middle toe 1¹⁄₁₀, versatile toe ⁹⁄₁₀. Intestine 10 inches; two
cæca, 1¼ inch long, about 1½ inch from cloaca.
The tawny underparts, contrasted with the sober grey of the upper,
glossed like shot-silk, and the long tail beautifully barred with black
and white, render the subject before us one of the handsomest of
this genus of Cuckoos. It is a dull, and, so to speak, a stupid bird; we
not unfrequently see it suddenly fly out from the woods, and crossing
the road rest on a branch at a short distance, where it sits little
disturbed by the proximity of passengers: or jumps to another twig
near, and thence to another. I have never heard it utter a sound. It
lives on soft insects, large spiders, &c., which are stationary, and
which it seeks by thus peeping among the trees, and for the capture
of which long flights would be unnecessary.
I know nothing of its domestic economy; but in January I have
found eggs in the ovary, as large as dust-shot.
The shortness of the intestinal canal, and its freedom from
convolutions is remarkable, and struck me forcibly by comparison
with that of a White-winged Dove, which I happened to dissect on
the same day with this. The length of the intestine in the granivorous
bird was forty-one inches, that in the insectivorous, ten.
SAVANNA BLACKBIRD.[84]
Crotophaga Ani.—Linn.
Pl. Enl. 102.
[84] Length 14¾ inches, expanse 17¾, flexure 6¼, tail 7¾, rictus 1³⁄₁₀,
height of beak ⁹⁄₁₀, tarsus 1⁸⁄₁₀, middle toe 1⁹⁄₁₀.
Irides deep hazel, feet black; beak black, the ridge semitransparent,
furrowed perpendicularly. Plumage black, with rich purple reflections,
most conspicuous on the wing-quills; the clothing feathers have the disk
of an intense black, with a lighter border, brilliantly iridescent; the borders
on the neck are larger in proportion, and are sometimes brassy.
Intestine 12 inches; two cæca, 1½ inch long, 2 inches from the cloaca.
The young have not the scaly character of the plumage, nor any ridge
upon the beak.
Order.—GYRANTES. (Circlers.)
Fam.—COLUMBADÆ. (The pigeons.)
RING-TAIL PIGEON.[85]