Database Languages

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Database Management System (DBMS) languages are specialized to
interact with and manage databases.
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Database Management Systems (DBMS) typically provide several
languages to interact with the database, perform operations, and
manipulate data.

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Types of Database Languages
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Data Definition Language (DDL)
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Data Manipulation Language (DML)
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Data Control Language (DCL)
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Transaction Control Language (TCL)

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Data Definiton Language (DDL)
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DDL is used to define and manage the structure of the database
schema.
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It includes commands for creating, modifying, and deleting
database objects such as tables, indexes, views, and schemas.
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DDL commands typically have a significant impact on the database
structure and require appropriate permissions.

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Data Definiton Language (DDL)
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Examples of DDL commands include:
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CREATE: Used to create new database objects such as tables, views,
indexes, or schemas.
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ALTER: Used to modify existing database objects by adding, modifying, or
dropping columns, constraints, or other properties.
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DROP: Used to delete or remove database objects such as tables, views,
indexes, or schemas.

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Data Manipulation Language (DML)
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DML is used to manipulate and query data stored in the database.
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It includes commands for querying, inserting, updating, and
deleting data within tables.
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DML commands focus on the manipulation and retrieval of data and
are commonly used by applications and users to interact with the
database.

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Data Manipulation Language (DML)
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Examples of DML commands include:
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SELECT: Used to retrieve data from one or more tables based on specified
criteria.
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INSERT: Used to add new rows or records into a table.
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UPDATE: Used to modify existing data within a table.
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DELETE: Used to remove rows or records from a table.

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Data Control Language (DCL)
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DCL is used to control access to the database and manage
permissions.
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It includes commands for granting and revoking privileges on
database objects.
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DCL commands are essential for ensuring data security and
controlling access to sensitive information within the database.

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Data Control Language (DCL)
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Examples of DCL commands include:
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GRANT: Used to grant specific privileges or permissions to users or roles
on database objects.
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REVOKE: Used to revoke previously granted privileges or permissions
from users or roles on database objects.

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Transaction Control Language (TCL)
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TCL is used to manage transactions within the database.
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It includes commands for starting, committing, rolling back, and
saving points within transactions.
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TCL commands are crucial for maintaining data integrity and
ensuring that transactions are executed reliably and consistently.

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Transaction Control Language (TCL)
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Examples of TCL commands include:
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BEGIN TRANSACTION: Used to start a new transaction.
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COMMIT: Used to save the changes made during a transaction and make
them permanent.
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ROLLBACK: Used to undo the changes made during a transaction and
restore the database to its previous state.
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SAVEPOINT: Used to set a savepoint within a transaction, allowing for
partial rollback to that point if needed.

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