Class 10

Economics- Development
1. Define Development?
Development is basically an economic concept that has positive connotations; it
involves the application of certain economic and technical measures to utilize
available resources to instigate economic growth and improve people’s quality of
life. In the 1950s and 1960s, development was largely referred to as economic
growth, which meant a quantitative rather than qualitative change in economic
performance.

2. What do you understand by mixed goals?

1. When women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society
increases.
2. If there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework and a greater
acceptance of women working outside.
3. A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run
a business.
4. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but
also about other important things in life.
5. For development, people have different goals and look at a mixed goals.

3. Define Per Capita Income.

1 For comparison between countries, total income is not a useful measure.
2 Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what
an average person is likely to earn.
3 The average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total
population is known as Per Capita income or Average Income.

4.Can you justify the criterion used by World Bank as an index of classifying
development?
1. According to World Bank, Countries with per capita income of US$ per annum and
above in 2019, are called rich countries and those with per capita income of US$ or less are called
low-income countries.

2. India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in
2019 was just US$ per annum.

3. The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small countries, are
generally called developed countries.

4. World Bank has considered only income as the index of development.

5. It has ignored other components like size of the country, Education, Life Expectancy, etc.

5.“Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live
well”. Justify.
1. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services
that citizens are able to use.
2. your money cannot buy you a pollution-free environment or ensure that you get
unadulterated medicines.
3. Money may also not be able to protect you from infectious diseases, unless the whole of
your community takes preventive steps.

5.List out the reason for the low mortality rate in Kerala.
1. Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health.
2. Literacy rate is the highest in the country.

3. Public Distribution System (PDS) functions well.

4. Explain the concept of Sustainability of Development.

1 Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present,
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

2. It looks to balance different, and often competing, needs against an awareness of the
environmental, social and economic limitations we face as a society.
3. Development is driven by one particular need, without fully considering the wider or
future impacts.