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! "# $!

%
& '

%
( ) '
Σ
R

( &) ( ()
( ')

Σ =

Σ =

!" R

Σ R = R

Σ Γ R = Γ R

# $ " % Σ
) * % + ,- '

σ Σ R = ∧ R . ∧ R
Σ

σ Σ R = σ R

/ " % * %

[Ci Σ R ] = [Ci R ]

[D Σ R ] = [D R ]

* + " * #, #$ $# - #, .+
0 + + - +
- + % " Σ "
* % 1

[D Σ R) ]=[ Σ ]

[ Σ 2R δ Σ 2R ] =[ [ 2Σ ] [ 2Σ ] ]
3 %
+ $ 4
+ % % % *
4
+ " " 4 % "
4
+ " % % 4
* % 5 - 4
+ %

* ! .+ * !/ 0 " , !1 "#+2
* % 6
+ - * % -
"
+ - * %

%
& 3
,- 1
Σ * % 7 Σ
( ) * % + ,-

Σ R =
[ Σ ]

+ ( % "
+ ' %

%
(
,- 1
* %
δ Σ R =
[ ]
Σ

+ ( % "
+ & %

2R =8
9≡: 2R ∧ 2R .8 σ Σ2R =
[ 2Σ ]
R
2 R 22 2R

;- % ;

%
4*
# % " Σ R

∀ ∈Σ R =8
%

[8 8 =] [ [ 2Σ ] [ 2Σ ] ]
9 " % " " * %

5 0 " , $)#* $# " #*


& ' R

+ [ & '] & '"

+ [ ' &] ' &

+ [D & R) ] * % & R "


+ [D ' R) ] * % ' R "
) * % + ,- <

( ')

( &)

% )/# & &"


+ & '
+ &% & '

[D & R) ]=[ ' & ]+[ & ' & ]


% 1 )/# '

[D ' R) ]=[ & ' ]+[ & ' ' ]


% )/# &='

[D & + ' R) ]=[ & ' &+ ' ]

[ & ' ]+[ ' & ] = [8]


,- & '
' &
> ) * % + ,-

5 # $ *# !

5%
&*

θα
) * % + ,- ?

5%
( '

θ &

θ '

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