Bab

2
Bidang Pembelajaran: Perkaitan dan Algebra
Matriks
Matrices

2.1 Matriks /
Matrices
Latihan 1 Bentukkan satu matriks yang mewakili maklumat yang diberi.
Form a matrix to represent the given information.
TP 2 Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang matriks.

Contoh 1
1 Jadual di bawah menunjukkan bilangan guru dan
Dalam ujian bulan Mac, Hui Hui memperoleh 80 murid dalam tiga buah sekolah.
markah, 72 markah dan 90 markah masing- The table below shows the number of teachers and students in three
masing dalam Fizik, Kimia dan Biologi. Farhana schools.
pula memperoleh 75 markah, 85 markah dan
60 markah masing-masing dalam subjek yang Sekolah
sama. School
In March test, Hui Hui obtained 80, 72 and 90 marks for P Q R
Physics, Chemistry and Biology respectively. Farhana Bilangan
obtained 75, 85 and 60 marks in the same subjects guru
respectively. 52 20 115
Number of
Penyelesaian teachers
Bilangan
Fizik Kimia Biologi murid
Physics Chemistry Biology 970 350 1 800
Number of
Hui Hui 80 72 90 students
Farhana 75 85 60
Matriks itu ialah/The matrix is Matriks itu ialah

 80
75
72
85
90
60
Matriks juga boleh ditulis
dalam ( ).
 52
970
20 115
350 1 800 
The matrix can be written in ( ).

2 Balakrishnan menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk 3 Sebuah sekolah rendah di Pekan Maju
mengkaji hubungan antara sudut tuju, i dan sudut
mempunyai tiga buah kelas darjah 1. Darjah 1
biasan, r, dalam sebongkah kaca.
Amanah mempunyai 26 orang murid lelaki dan
Dia mencatatkan keputusan eksperimen seperti
20 orang murid perempuan, Darjah 1 Bestari
berikut.
mempunyai 17 orang murid lelaki dan 26 orang
Balakrishnan conducted an experiment to study the
relationship between the incident angle, i , and the refracted murid perempuan, dan Darjah 1 Cekal pula
angle, r, in a block of glass. He recorded the experimental mempunyai 20 orang murid lelaki dan 18 orang
result as follow. murid perempuan.
A primary school in Pekan Maju has three classes of standard
i = 30°, r = 22° 1. Standard 1 Amanah has 26 boys and 20 girls, Standard 1
i = 40°, r = 31° Bestari has 17 boys and 26 girls, and Standard 1 Cekal has
20 boys and 18 girls.
i = 50°, r = 39°
i = 60°, r = 45° Darjah Lelaki Perempuan
Standard Boys Girls
Matriks itu ialah 1 Amanah 26 20
30 22 1 Bestari 17 26
40 31
1 Cekal 20 18
50 39
60 45 Matriks itu ialah
26 20
 17 26
20 18


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Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 1 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 Latihan 2 Nyatakan bilangan baris, bilangan lajur dan peringkat setiap matriks yang berikut.
State the number of rows, number of columns and the order of each of the following matrices.
TP 1 Mempamerkan pengetahuan asas tentang matriks.

Matriks Bilangan baris Bilangan lajur Peringkat matriks

Matrix Number of rows Number of columns Order of matrix

Contoh 1

2 3 23
Baris 1 –2 –3
Row  7 6 8 
Lajur/Column

1 74  2 1 21

2 [15 30] 1 2 12

0 4 2 2 22
3 –4 0 
1 2 3 2 32
4
  6 3
8 7

Latihan 3 Tulis satu matriks bagi setiap peringkatnya.

Write a matrix for each of the following orders.
TP Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang matriks.

Contoh 3

(a) 1  2 (b) 1  3
1 baris dan 2 lajur 1 baris dan 3 lajur
Baris [3 1] Baris [1 0 9]
Row 1 row and 2 columns Row 1 row and 3 columns
Lajur/Column Lajur/Column

1 21 2 31 3 22

2
41   7
1 5
3 0 
3

4 23 5 34 6 14

[ 1 7 6 9 ]
7 8 9
 6 3 2  1 3 4 7
2 6 5 1
9 7 4 2 

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 –2 0 –4
Latihan 4 Kenal pasti unsur tertentu berdasarkan matriks P, diberi bahawa P =
–2 0 –4
6 0.3 9
5 8 1
Identify the element based on matrix P, given that P = 6 0.3 9 .
TP 2 Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang matriks.
 5 8 1

Contoh 4
1 p31
p 13 = – baris pertama/1st row lajur ke-3/3rd column 5
4 –2 0 –4
3
1 6 0.3 9 2 p32
Baris Lajur
Row Column 5 8 1 8

3 p23 4 p33 5 p11

9 1 –2

6 p12 7 p21 8 p22

0 6 0.3

Latihan 5 Cari nilai bagi setiap yang berikut berdasarkan matriks Q, diberi bahawa Q
2 82–3 69 –
=
 3 0

8 –3 9 –1
Find the values of each of the following based on matrix Q, given that Q
=
 2
2
3
6 0 
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 5
q11 1 q23 – q21
q11 + q23
8 –3 9 –1 =6–2
=8+6
Q= 2 =4
= 14 2 6 0
3
q23

2 q14 – q12 3 q22 – q13 4 2q21 + 3q22

2 2
= –1 – (–3) =
93
– = 2(2) + 3 3 
= –1 + 3
25 =4+2
=2 =– 3
=6

Latihan 6 Tentukan sama ada setiap pasangan matriks adalah sama.

Determine whether each of the following pairs of matrices is equal.
TP Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang matriks.

Contoh 6
1
6
2
0.5 6 dan/and (b) [ 2 1 3 ] dan/and [ 1 2 3 ]
(a)  –1.5 7
–
3
7
Peringkat sama dan
unsur-unsur sepadan
2
Penyelesaian Penyelesaian
adalah sama.
1 Same order and the
6 [2 1 3][1 2 3]
2 corresponding elements
0.5 6
 
–1.5 7 = – 3 7
2
are equal. 

p+q q+p
1 [a – b ab] dan/and [b – a ba] 2 51  dan/and 51 
[a – b ab]  [b – a ba]
p+q q+p
 51 = 51 
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 2 5
3 5  dan/and [2 5] 6 2.5 6
2 2 dan/and  7 3
 2 7
5
3
 [2 5]
5
 
2
6
7 3 =
2.5 6
7 3


Latihan 7 Tentukan nilai x dan y bagi setiap persamaan matriks.

Determine the values of x and y for each matrix equation.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 7
Penyelesaian


6 x
–7 5  
6 4
= y 5
 –77 x
5 = 6
y
4
5 
Bandingkan unsur-unsur yang sepadan.
Compare the corresponding elements.

 x = 4, y = –
7
1 [3 x 6]=[3 4 y]
2x – 10 3x – 10
[3 x 6]=[3 4 y]
2 y – 1  =  2 
x=4 , y=6 2x – 10 3x – 10
y – 1  =  2 
2x – 10 = 3x – 10, y – 1 = 2
x=0 y =3
3 1
3
6
4
9
=
6 0.75 6 – 3x 4 [x + 5 0.8] =  62– 2x 3 y 
5y – 9 10 5
2y 10 5 1
3
[x + 5 0.8] =  6 2– 2x 3
y 
6 9 6 0.75 6 – 3x
4
= 5y – 9 10 5 6 – 2x 1
x+5 = 0.8 = 3 y
2y 10 5 2
2x + 10 = 6 – 2x y = 3(0.8)
9 = 6 – 3x 2y = 5y – 9 4x = –4 = 2.4
3x = –3 2y – 5y = –9 x = –1
x = –1 –3y = –9
y=3

2.2 Operasi Asas Matriks / Basic Operation on Matrices

Latihan 8 Cari hasil tambah dua matriks yang berikut.

Find the sum of the following two matrices.
TP Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 8
Menambah unsur-unsur sepadan
41) –5 + –6 –1  =4+ (–6) –5 + (– 
7 –2 –3 9 7 + (–3) –2 + 9
Adding the corresponding elements

4 7
= –2 –6

2 4 2+4
5 –4
 
5 + (–4)
1 –11 + 6 = –11 + 6 2 –10 + 
23  –10
= + 23 
2 5 2+5
6
=  131 
= 
7
–5

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Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 24 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 3 [70 –40] + [–20 20] –8 1 –1 4 –8 – 1 1+4

= [70 + [–20] – 40 + 20] 4 3 9 + –3 6 =

–5 11 11 –19 –5
3–3
+ 11
9+6
11 – 19
 
= [50 –20] –9 5
=
 
0 15
6 –8

1 1 1 1
–7 8 –5 3 –7 + (–5) + 8+3

 
x 6 2y –6
5 2 + 2 =
2 2 6 2y 6  + y 3  2y= – yx + 2y6 +6 +3(–6)
20 7 3 3 9 2 20 + 3 7+9 3+2
x + 2y 0
–12 1 11
=  3y 9 

= 23 16 5 

Latihan 9 Cari hasil tolak dua matriks.

Find the subtraction of the two matrices.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 9
Penyelesaian
2 –6 2 – (–6)
 
2 –6

Menolak unsur-unsur sepadan
–3 – –8 –3 – –8 = –3 – (–8) Subtracting the corresponding elements
4 1 4 1 4–1

   =
8
5
3


1 97  – 46 2 [6 3 9]–[1 6 2]
=[6–1 3–6 9–2]
7–6 =[5 –3 7]
=9 – 4 
= 1 
5

30 50 –10 70
3 3 9 –
–6 4  8 6 2 9

=
30 – (–10) 50 – 70
3 – (–6) 9–4 
4
  
3 4 – –1 4
–10 7 –12 2
8–2 6–9

= 9
40 –20
5 
=
 3 – (–1)
–10 – (–12)
4–4
7–2 
6 –3
=
  4 0
2 5

2x 6 x –5 p 7 –2p 5
5 7 5y  – 1 2y  6 –3 q+2 – 
–2 –q 
2x – x 6 – (–5) p – (–2p) 7–5
= 7 – 1 5y – 2y  
= –3 – (–2) q + 2 – (–q) 
x 11 3p 2
= 6 3y  =  –1 2q + 2 

24

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 25 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 Latihan 10 Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut sebagai satu matriks tunggal.
Express each of the following as a single matrix.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 10

3 –4 –2 5 3 0 1 3 0 Penambahan dan penolakan beberapa

0 2  + 3 6  – 1 –6  =3 8 – 1 –6
matriks dilakukan dari kiri ke kanan.
1 Addition or subtraction of a few matrices is
–2
=  2 14 done from left to right.


10 –2 5
1
1
2  + 7  –4 
6 3 2
   
20
–
7
+
9
7 3 30 10 –10
=  –  
9 4 12 5 17
= 5  4 =    
20
13 +
–10
9 =
10
22

3 [ 4 9 ] – [ –2 1 ] – [ 3 8 ]
4 –3 10 4 6 1 7
=[6 8]–[3 8] 6 12 – 5 2  + –3 9 
=[3 0] –7 4 1 7
= 1 10  +
–3 9 
–6 11

= –2 19 
Latihan 11 Cari nilai x dan y dalam setiap persamaan matriks.
Find the values of x and y for each matrix equation.
TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.

Contoh 11
1
3
 1  1 10
5  + –2  = 3y 
x
 3 = 2y +
x 2 +–4+ 4 11 6
10 + x  =  6
–5Penyelesaian
7
=  
3  5 + (–2) 3y

3 2y – 5
2y – 5 = 3
10 + x = 6 , 3 = 3y 
x 9= –7 4 2y = 3 +
5
x = –4 , y = 1
 x = 7,
2y = 8
y=4
2 [ 6x – 2 7 ] – [ 2x y ] = [ 3 5
3 3x –x 10
] 2y  + 3y  = 10
[ 6x – 2 – 2x 7–y]=[3 5 2x 10
] 4x – 2 = 3, 7–y=5 5y = 10
2x = 10 , 5y = –10
x=4 x=5 y = –2

4 –2 8 x 1 2x 7 5 2x 0 3x –2 –20 –2
2y –6 – 3 2 = 7 –8  6 –3 + –9 5y  = –3
 3y
7
–2 – x 8–1 2x
 2y – 3 –6 –  
= 7 –8
 –3
5x –2
–3 + 5y  =
–3
–20 –2
3y
2 
2y – 3 = 5x = –20 –3 + 5y =
–2 – x = 7 3y
2x 2y = 10 x = –4 2y = 3
x=– y=
3 2
y=5

25

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 Pendaraban Suatu Matriks dengan Suatu Nombor / Multiplication of a Matrix by a Number

Latihan 12 Cari pendaraban matriks bagi setiap yang berikut.

Find the multiplication of each of the following.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 12
1 3 –42  2 –3  4 63 –5
–12
2 6

3 –3 15
32 3
2  2  
= 3  (–4) = (–3)  4 (–3) 
6
(–3)  (–5) 
6  (–12)
3 3
= 6 
= 2
 (–3)
2
 15 –12
= –12 – 23 15 
3 3
Darabkan semua
4 –8
= 
–2 10 unsur dengan 2
3
Multiply all the
elements by
3

8 1
3 1 4 –0.2 5 30 –90
2
–20
22
5 5 0.2 16 29 
6 –2
1 1 0.2  30 0.2  (–90)
2
8 
= 0.2  16 0.2  29 
 
1 4 5 5  (–0.2)
= 56 5 5  (–2)
=  (–20) = –10
2
1 11
1 –1
= 3.26 –18
5.8 
 22
2 = 30 –10 

Latihan 13 Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut sebagai satu matriks tunggal.

Express each of the following as a single matrix.
TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.

Contoh 13
3
1 2 75  + –10
6
10 4
10
  
3 –
–2
+2
3 Darabkan matriks dengan
nombor terlebih dahulu. = 22 75
   + –10
6

39  10 Kemudian, lakukan = 10
   
+ 6
=    
10
–
–2
+
6 penolakan diikuti 14 –10
8 penambahan.

= 9 – 10 + 8
10 – (–2) + 6
Multiply the number with
= 4 
16
 7 the matrix first. Then, do the
subtraction and addition.
=
18

2 6 1 10 3 1 2 –14 5 6 –1 3
2 –3 2 +2 5
5 3 1
2  18 22   +
7 8  – 4
–2
3 3

6 31 2  10
=
  
2
56
3–  2
3  33
2+ 5
2 20 1

1 –7 5 6 –3
    
9= + –
=
 
2
–
6
+
10 9 11 7 8 4 –6
5 9 2
6 –1 –3 9
23 
= 16 19  – 4 –6 
=
 
–2
6
9 –10

= 12 25 

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 2 1 –1 4 7 0
Latihan 14 Diberi bahawa A =  ,B=  dan C =   . Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut
–3 6 0 2 3 1
sebagai satu matriks tunggal.
2 1 –1 4 7 0
Given that A = –3 6  , B = 0 2  and C =3 1  . Express each of the following as a single matrix.
TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.

Contoh 14
1 2A + 2B 2 2A – 2C
3A – B 2 1 –1 4 2 1 7 0
2 –3 6 + 2 0 2  2 –3 6 – 2 3 1 
=3 –3 61  – 0 –12 4 4 2 –2 8 4 2 14 0
2
= –6 12  + 0 4  = –6 12  – 
6 2 
6 3 – –1 4 2 10 –10 2
= –9 18  0 2 = –6 16  = –12 10 
7 –1

= –9 16

3 2B – C 4 2B – C + 3A 5 2( A – 3B + 2C )
2 1 –1 4 7 0
2
–1 4
    –
7 0
2
–1 4
   –
7 0
  
+3
2 1 2 (  –3  +2 
0 2 3 1 0 2 3 1 –3 6
) –3 6 0 2 3 1
–2 8 7 0 –2 8 7 0 6 3
=  0 4
–   3 1  =  0 4  
–
3 1  
+
–9 18  2 1 –3 12 14 0
–9 8 6 3 ) (  –  + 
=2
= –3 3 
–9 8

= –3 3  
+ –9 18  –3 6 0 6 6 2
–3 11
= 
–12 21  =2 ( –35 –110 + 614 20  )
19 –11
=2 3 2 
38 –22
= 6 4 
Latihan 15 Selesaikan setiap persamaan matriks yang berikut.
Solve each of the following matrix equations.
TP 5 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang kompleks.

Contoh 15 p 3
1   – 2 q 2  = 10 
x 3 6 –3 9 5

2 –2 2 – 0 y    =–4 10  5p  – 2q 4  =10 3 
Penyelesaian
2x 6 6 –3 x9
–4 4 – 0 y  = –4
 10  p–4
5 – 2q = 10 
3

–4 4 – y  –4 109 

2x – 6 9 = x p–4 =3 , 5 – 2q = 10
 2x – 6 = x , 4–y= p =7 –2q = 5
5
10 2x – x = 6 –y = 10 – 4 q=–
2
x=6 –y = 6
y = –6

5 1 x 2
2   –   =
2 3 2[ x 3]=[
7
3y ] – [ –1 5 ]

1 3 y 3 10 –
x
=2 , 2–
y
=3 [ 2x 6 ] = [ 8 3y – 5 ]
3 3 2x = 8 , 3y – 5 = 6
x 30 – x = 6 6–y=9
x =4 3y = 11
10 3 2 x = 24 y = -3
  2 – y
= 3 y= 3
11
3
x
10 –
3 =
2
y 3
2–3

27
Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 28 07/01/2021 4:20 PM
 5 –3
p 1 –1 2 –10 0
4 4  0 q   – 2 –3 1   =6 7  5 6 3x 1 0
2 x 2
– 2 5 7 = 2 y
5
4p 4 –2 4 –10 0 2
 0 4q

–
–6 2
=  6 7
 10 –6
12 6x 2 0
4p + 2 4–4
2x 4 – 
10 14
=y 10

 0+6 4q – 2 = –10
6 7
0
10 6x 10 –6
4p + 2 = –10, 4q – 2 = 7 2x – 10  
–10 = y 10 
4p = –12 4q = 9
 6x = –6, 2x – 10 = y
p = –3 9 x = –1 2(–1) – 10 = y
q=4
y = –12

Pendaraban Dua Matriks / Multiplication of Two Matrices

Latihan 16 Tentukan sama ada setiap pasangan matriks yang berikut boleh didarab. Nyatakan
peringkat matriks yang terhasil jika pendaraban boleh dilakukan.
Determine whether each of the following pairs of matrices can be multiplied. State the order of the product of
the matrices if the multiplication can be done.
TP 1 Mempamerkan pengetahuan asas tentang matriks.

Contoh 16
4
(a) [ 2 1 4 ] 7 (b) [ 4 –1 4

5 ] 0.2 3 Boleh didarab. Peringkat
Penyelesaian Penyelesaian
 Tidak boleh didarab.
matriks hasil darab = 1  2.
Can be multiplied.
1 32 1 Cannot be multiplied. 1 2=2 2 The order of the product is 1  2.

3
1 9  [ 6 5] 2 4
3
0
2 1=1 2 2
1
Boleh didarab. 3 1 ≠ 2 1
Peringkat matriks hasil darab = 2  2
Tidak boleh didarab.

3  89 16  0 1  4 4
–2 5
9
 [1 5]

2 2=2 1 2 2 ≠ 1 2
Boleh didarab. Tidak boleh didarab.
Peringkat matriks hasil darab = 2  1

Latihan 17 Cari hasil darab bagi setiap pasangan matriks yang berikut.
Find the product for each of the following pairs of matrices.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 17
3
(a) [ 1 3 ]
4] 4 
= [1  3 + 3 
= [15] c Kesilapan Umum
 
(a) [ a b ] d = [ ac +
bd ] ①  2 2  ① = 1  1
(b)
–4  2 –4 
–4 [2 6] = 6   1 2  [ 3 4

3
32 36 
a ac ad

(b) b [ c d ] = bc bd
]= [1  3 + 2  4]
= [11]
–8 –24
= 6 18  
⑤1 12 =22

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 5 –6
1 [5 1] 1  2 [1 2] 3 
= [ 5  5 + 1  1] = [ 1  (–6) + 2  3]
= [ 26 ] = [0]

6 6
3 7  [ 4 1 ] 4 1 [ 8 –2 ]
2
64 61 6  8 6  (–2)
= 7  4 71  =
 2
1
8
2
1
 (–2) 
24 6
= 28 7  48 –12
= 4 –1 
4 1 3 6 8
5 0 6 1 9  6 3 ( 3 –1 4 )
2
43+11 46+19

= 03+61 06+69  83 8  (–1) 84 24 –8 32
= 33 3  (–1) 3  4 = 9 –3 12
13 33 23 2  (–1) 24 6 –2 8
= 6 54 

Latihan 18 Cari hasil darab setiap yang berikut.

Find the product of each of the following.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 18

3 –2 2 Kesilapan Umum
(a)  2 44
3  2 + (–2)  4 1
= 4  [2 1]
2 3 (a) a b e
c d  f ce= + df
ae +

22+44 24 11 ⑤2 2① 21

= –2

=
23 12 
20 a b e f
c d g h  =  aece ++ dg
bg af + bh
= 68 21
 (b) cf + dh 
2 ⑤2 2⑤ 22
(b)  5
–1 7
3 4
 0 –6
c d
=  –12 33++5700 2  4 + 5  (–6)
–1  4 + 7  (–  (c) [ a b ] e f
bf ] 2 2 
  = [ ac + be ad +
① 12
6)
⑤
6 –22
=  –3 –46 

4 7 –1 0.2 –2 5
1 2 3 2  2 3 5  –1 
4  (–1) + 7  2 0.2  5 + (–2)  (–1)
= 2  (–1) + 3  2  = 3  5 + 5  (–1) 
10 = 3 
= 4  10

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 1 3 1 0 2
3 5 8  6 9  4 4 3
–6 3 
2 1
–2 7
11+36 10+39 2 2

= 51+86 50+89  42+  (3)
(–6) 41+
= 3 3
19 27 –2  2 + 7  (–6) –2  1 + 7  3
= 53 72 
4 6
= –46 19 
1 9 –1 3
5 [2 1] 5 –6  6 [ 8 –2 ] –0.5 4 
= [2  1 + 1  5 2  9 + 1  (–6)]
= [ 8  (–1) + (–2)  (–0.5) 8  3 + (–2)  4 ]
= [ 7 12 ]
= [ –7 16 ]

Latihan 19 Cari nilai x dan y bagi setiap persamaan matriks.

Find the values of x and y for each matrix equation.
TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.
TP 5 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang kompleks.

Contoh 19
x 2 4 10 x
(a)–2 y–3  = 1 (b)  3 [ y]= 15
30 –24
–12

Penyelesaian
5
Penyelesaian

4x – 6 10 5x xy 30 –24
–8 – 3y  = 1 15 3y  =
15 –12
4x – 6 = 10 , –8 – 3y = 1 5x = 30 , 3y = –
4x = 16 –3y = 9 x=6 12
x=4 y = –3 y = –4

–12 –6
 
2 4
1 x 
3
( –4 y ) = 1
2 [x y] 5 –2
 = [ 12 2]
4 –3
[2x + 5y 4x – 2y] = [ 12 2 ]
 = 
–12 3y
 –12 –6 2x + 5y = 12..............①
4x – 2y = 2...............⑤
–4x xy 4 –1
3 ⑤ + 2: 2x – y = 1.................➂
① – ➂: 6y = 11
3y = –6 , –4x = 4
11
y = –2 x = –1 y= 6
11
Dari ➂ 2x –
16  =
17
2x = 6
17
x = 12

2x 2 2 x
3 4 2y   =2y  4
x 1
2y 3 2  =4 11 ; x > 0
x
3

4x + 6 x x2 + 2 11
8 + 6y = 2y  2yx + 6 = 4 
4x + 6 = x , 8 + 6y = 2y x2 + 2 = 11 , 2yx + 6 = 4
3x = –6 4y = –8 x2 = 9 2y(3) = –2
x = –2 y = –2 x=3 6y = –2
1
y=–
3

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 x –1 x 8 –xy
5 [3 2] –2 y  = [ 3 9] 6 3  [ 4 –y ] = 12
 –2

[ 3x – 4 –3 + 2y ] = [ 3 9 ] 4x –xy 8 –xy
3x – 4 = 3 , –3 + 2y = 9 12 –3y  = 12
 –2 
3x = 7 2y = 12 4x = 8 , –3y = –2
x= 7 y=6 x=2 2
3 y=3

Latihan 20 Selesaikan persamaan matriks yang berikut.

Solve the following matrix equations.
TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.

Contoh 20 5k
3
1 [ 3 –2k ]  1  = [ 13 ]
[p 3] p =[ [15k – 2k] = [13]
54 ]
Penyelesaian [13k] = [13]
13k = 13
[3p + 3p] = k=1
[54]
6p = 54
p=9
–2 –2
 
1
2 [p 3] 4   = [p + 3] 3 [3 6 k] = [ –9 ]
4
[ –2p + 12 ] = [ p + 3 ] 3
5
–2p – p = 3 – 12 1
[–6 + 24 + 5k] = [–9]
–3p = –9 3
p=3 [18 + 5k] = [–27]
5k + 18 = –27
5k = –45
k = –9
p
4
[ 9 –1 –p ]
 2
3
= [ p – 1]
5 x 2 0 2
1 –y 4 1  = –8 2 – y
8 6

8 2x + 2 8 6
[9p – 2 – 3p] = [ p –
1] 6p – 2 = p –
–4y 2 – y = –8 2 – y
1 –4y = –8 , 2x + 2 = 6
5p = 1 y=2 2x = 4
1 x=2
p=5

Matriks Identiti / Identity Matrix

Latihan 21 Ungkapkan setiap yang berikut sebagai matriks tunggal.

Express the following as a single matrix.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 21

3 –6 1 0 1 0 –2
9 10 0 1  –01 4 5 Matriks identiti, I
Penyelesaian Identity matrix, I
IA = AI = A

 
3 –6 1 0 1 0 –2 –8 –6 –2 –8 1 0 0
9 10     
0 1 –0 1 4 5   
=9 10 – 4 5
I1  1 = [1], I2  2 =
1 0
0 1 , 33
= 0 1 0
5 2 0 0 1
=
5 5
 I

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 4 6 1 0 3
1    4  4 –3 1 0 –2 4
7 8 0 1 2 1 2  + 2 0 1  2 5 
= 74 68 4 3 
  + 2 2–2 54 
4 –3
= 1 2
36
= 53    + 4 –4108 
4 –3
= 1 2

= 50 125 

4 1 1 0 2 9
1 0 4 –11 3 1 1 0
4 –2 0 0 1  5  –2 
3  0 1  0 2   –2 9 
0 1 
4 1 2 9
4 –11 3 1
= –2 0 5  – 2 
=  0 2  – 2 9  13 – 9
1 –12
=–4 2 

= –2 –7  = 4 
–6

Matriks Songsang / Inverse Matrix

Latihan 22 Tentukan sama ada matriks A ialah matriks songsang bagi matriks B dan sebaliknya.
Determine whether matrix A is an inverse matrix of matrix B and vice versa.
TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.

Contoh 22
5 3 –5 –2 –4 2
(a) A =  1 3  dan/and B =  –1 2 (b) A = 5 –4 
dan/and B =
–5 3 
2
Penyelesaian  3
Penyelesaian 
2 3

AB = 1 3 5 3 –5
–1 2  AB =  –2
5 –4  –5
–4 2
3
6 – 5 –10 + 10 –12 + 10 6–6
= 3 – 3 –5 + 6

= –20 + 20 10 – 12 
0
1 0
= 0 1

–2
= 0 –2  ≠I
Matriks identiti
=I Identity matrix
 Matriks A bukan matriks songsang bagi
 Matriks A ialah matriks songsang bagi matriks B dan matriks B.
sebaliknya. Matrix A is not the inverse matrix of matrix B.
Matrix A is an inverse matrix of matrix B and vice versa.

Matriks P ialah matriks songsang bagi matriks Q dan sebaliknya jika PQ = I dan QP = I, dengan
keadaan I ialah matriks identiti.
Matrix P is the inverse matrix of matrix Q and vice versa if PQ = I and QP = I, where I is the identity matrix.

32

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 33 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 2 3
1 A= 4 5  dan/and B = –45 2–3  –2 –3
4 3
– 5 – 5
2 A=  1 4  dan/and B =
1 2
5 5
AB =  42 35  5 –3
–4 2 
4 3 8 3 6 6
–– – –
–2 –3
= 0–2–20 ≠ I AB =
1 4   1
5
2
5 = 5 5
4 4
5 5
3 8
5 5 – 5 +5 – 5 + 5
Matriks A bukan matriks songsang bagi matriks B.
= 01 10  =I

Matriks A ialah matriks songsang bagi matriks B dan

sebaliknya.
1 2 4 –2 5 2 3 –2
3 A= 3 4  dan/and B = –3 1
 4 A= 7 3
 dan/and B = –7 5

5 2 3 –2
AB =  31 24 –341–2  AB =  7 3 
–7 5 
4 – 6 –2 + 2 15 – 14 –10 + 10

= 12 – 12 –6 + 4  =21 – 21 –14 + 15 
1 0
=  =I
= 0–2 –20  ≠ I 0 1

Matriks A bukan matriks songsang bagi matriks B. Matriks A ialah matriks songsang bagi matriks B dan
sebaliknya.

Latihan 23 Cari songsangan bagi setiap matriks di bawah.

Find the inverse of each matrix below.
TP 5 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang kompleks.

Contoh 23
Rumus/Formula Sudut Kalkulator
–2 5
1 –4
1 d –b Matriks songsang / Inverse matrix –2 5
Penyelesaian 
ad – bc –c a Dalam mod MAT / In the MAT 1 –4
mode
Tekan. Mat (2) Shift 4 Dim (1) (3) 2
Press = 2 Mat(11(–2) Mat(12(5) Mat(21(1) Mat(22(–4)


–1
–2 5 = 1 –4 –5
1 –4 (–2)(–4) – 5(1)  –1 –2 =

Mat c
AC Shift

=
4 Mat (3)

x–1
1 –4 –5
= 3 –1 –2  
4 5
– – Kesilapan Umum
3 3
=
1 2
–
3
–
3 A= 1 –4  1
–2 5  A–1 = (–2)(–4) – 5(1) –45 –2
1

Ramai pelajar menukarkan b dengan c.
Many students exchange b and c.

2 3 –2 3 4 –2 4 2 3
1 
7 8
45 1 –6  5 1  5 8 
3 –2 –1 4 –2 –1 2 3
1  5   5 8
–1
4 5 –6 1
 
–1
7 8
1 –6 2 1 1 2 1 8 –3
1 8 –5 = –18 – (–2) –1 3   = 4 – (–10) –5 4  = 16 – 15 –5 2  
= 32 – (35) –7 4  
1 –62 1 1 2 8 –3
1 8 –5 = –16 –1 3   = 14 –5 4   = –5 2 

= –3 –7 4  3 1 1 1
8 5 –
– 8 8 14 7
3 3 = 1 3 =
= 7 – 16 5 2
4 16 – 14 7
3 – 3

33

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 34 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 Latihan 24 Cari nilai k jika setiap matriks yang berikut tidak mempunyai matriks songsang.
Find the value of k if each of the following matrices does not have an inverse matrix.
TP 3 Mengaplikasikan kefahaman tentang matriks untuk melaksanakan tugasan mudah.

Contoh 24 k –1
5 2k
1 W= 2 3 
A=  3 4 3k + 2 = 0

Penyelesaian 3k = –2
5(4) – 2k(3) =  
cd ab tidak mempunyai matriks songsang k=–
2
3
0 jika ad – bc = 0.
20 = 6k
k =
6 
cd
a b  does not have an inverse
20 matrix if
10 ad – bc = 0.
=
3

4 –2 k 4 –3 2
2 Q= –6 k  3 G= 5 3 4 E= 7 4–k 
4k – 12 = 0 3k – 20 = 0 (4 – k)(-3) – 14 = 0
4k = 12 3k = 20 3k – 12 – 14 = 0
k=3 20 3k = 26
k= 3
26
k= 3

Menyelesaikan Persamaan Linear Serentak dengan Kaedah Matriks

Solve simultaneous Linear Equations by Using Matrices

Latihan 25 Tulis semula persamaan linear serentak yang berikut dalam bentuk persamaan matriks.
Rewrite the following simultaneous linear equations in the matrix form.
TP Mempamerkan kefahaman tentang matriks.

Contoh 25
1 7x + 4y = 10
(a) 8x + 3y = (b) x – 4y = 5x – 2y = 7
7 4 x 10
2 6x + 4y 5
2x – y = 3
  y  =  
=9 5 –2 7
Penyelesaian Penyelesaian
8x + 3y = 2 1x – 4y = 5
6x + 4y = 9 2x – 1y = 3 2 3x – y = 6
4x – 2y =
–4 x 5
8 3
  x = 2
 9 1 y  = 3 3
6 4 y  2 –1
 3 –1  x =  6 
  4 –2 y 3

3 4x + 3y = 2 4 2m – 3n = 4 5 5p – 3q = 7
6x – 2y = 1 n – 2m = 2 –6p + 3q =
1
 4 3  y x  =  2  2 –3 m 4
6 –2 1 –2 1  n  = 2  5 –3 7p
–6 3 q  = 1 
6 2x + 3y = 1 7 –4p – 3q = 5 8 5x – 7y = 8
–x – 21y = p – 7q = 3 9x + 3y = 4
4
–4 –3 p 5 5 –7 8 x
2 3 x 1 1  q  = 3 
–7 9 3 y  = 4 
–1 –21 y  = 4 

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Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 35 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 9 4x + 9y – 2 = 10 2x – 9 = y 11 y = 9x + 16
0 7y – 8 = 4x 4y = –5x + 10
7x – 5y – 1 = 0
2x – y = 9 –9x + y =
4x + 9y = 2 –4x + 7y = 8 16 5x + 4y
7x – 5y = 1 2 –1 x 9 = 10
4 9 x 2 –4 7 y  =  
  y  =   8 –9 1 x
16
7 –5 1 5 4 y  =10 
12 y – 3x – 5 = 0 13 p = 3q – 9 14 7m – 3n = 9 – 2m
2y – 8 + 7x = 0 –5q = 7p + 15 6m – 5n = 14 + m

y – 3x = 5 p – 3q = –9 9m – 3n = 8 PAK-21
2y + 7x = –7p – 5q = 15 5m – 5n = 14

WEB
LAMAN
8 1 –3 p 9 –3 m 8
1 –3 y 5   q  =  –9    n  =  
  x  =   –7 –5 15 5 –5 14
2 7 8

Latihan 26 Selesaikan persamaan linear serentak yang berikut dengan kaedah matriks.
Solve the following simultaneous linear equations by using matrices. KBAT Mengaplikasi

TP 4 Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang mudah.
TP Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang kompleks.

Contoh 26
–2x + 5y =
4 3x – 4y Laman Web
=1 Imbas atau layari http://spmmatematik.blog.
Rumus onlinetuition.com.my/2016/05/48-penyelesaian-persamaan-
Formula linear.html bagi menyelesaikan persamaan linear
Penyelesaian serentak menggunakan matriks.
1 d –b
–2x + 5y =
ad – bc – a  Untuk tujuan pembelajaran

4 3x – 4y
–2 5 x
  
= 
3 –4 y
4
1

x
1 –4 –5 4 Darabkan semua unsur dengan –
1
 
y = (–2)(–4) – 5(3) –3 –2   1
Multiply all the elements with –
1
7
7
1 –16 + (–5)
= –7 –12
2)
+ (–
Kesilapan Umum
1 –21
= –7  –14
Meninggalkan jawapan sebagai
3
 
akan kehilangan
3 2
 =
2
1 markah.
Leaving the answer as
3
  will lose 1 mark.
2
 x =3, y = 2

1 4x + 2y = 8 2 9x + 7y = 3
3x + 2y = 6 3x + 2y = –6
34 22 y x  = 6 8   9 7  x =  3 
–1

yx  = 3 4 22 6 8  3 2 y –6
y x  =  9 7  3 
–1

3 2 –6
1 2 –2 8

= 8 – 6 –3 4  6  1 2 –7 3

= 18 – 21 –3 9  –6 
1 2 –2 8
  6 
= 2 –3 4 1
= 16
48
 –3–63
= 21
–
x  1  4
2 
y =2 0 = 0  x = –16, y = 21
 x = 2, y = 0

35

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 36 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 3 –2x + 5y = 10 4 –4x + 5y = –38
4x – y = 6 2x + y = 26
–2 5 x 10 –4 5 x –38
  y  =     y  =26 
4 –1 6 2 1
x –2 5 10 –1 x –4 5 –38 –1

y     
= y  =    
4 –1 6 2 1 26
1 –1 –5 10 1 1 –5 –38

= 2 – 20 –4 –2  6  = –4 – 10 –2 –4   26 
20
1 –168
1 –40 9
= –14 –28 
 
= –18 –52 = 26
9 12
20 26 = 2 
x= ,y=
9 9  x = 12, y = 2
5 10x – 2y = 5 6 5x + y = –16
15x + 7y = 9 6x + 2y = –12
10 –2 x 5 5 1 x –16
  y  =     y = 12 
15 7 9 6 2
x 5 1 –16 –1

x 10 –2 –1
5 y  =    
y    
9  =15 7 6 2 12

1 7 2 5 1 2 –1 –16
= 70 + 30 –15 10  9  =
 
10 – 6 –6 5 –12 
53
1 53 1 –20
= 100 15  = 100
15 = 4  36 
100
–5
 x = 0.53, y = 0.15 = 9 
 x = –5, y = 9
7 y = 7x + 4 8 2x + 5y = –5
2y = 6x – 5 x + 9y = 4
2 5 x –5
–7x + y = 4   y  = 4 
1 9
–6x + 2y = –5 x 2 5 –5 –1

y  =    
   x  4 
–7 1
=
1 9 4
–6 2 y x –5 1 9 –5 –5
–7 1
     
=
–1 4 =
18 – 5 –1 2   4
y –5 1 –65
–6 2
1 4
–
13
8
=
13  
13
2 –1
= –14 + 6 6 –7    –5 = 59
–
8 –5
x=–
13
,y=–
59 = 1 
8 8
 x = –5, y = 1

9 4x – 2y = 3 10 x + 9y = 86
5x – 2y = 7 4x + 4y = 56
4 –2 x 3 1 9 x 86
  y  =      y =  56
5 –2 x 7 4 4
4 –2 3 –1

y  =    
–1

7
 x = 1 9  86
5 –2 y 4 4 56
1 –2 2 3 x
= –8 + 10 –5 4  7  y  1 4 –9
4= – 36 –4 1 
86
56 
1 8
 
= 2 13 1 –160
 
= –32 –288
4
= 13 = 5 
2 9
13
 x = 4, y =  x = 5, y = 9
2

36

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 37 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 Menyelesaikan Masalah Melibatkan Matriks / Solving Problems Involving Matrices

Latihan 27 Selesaikan setiap yang berikut.

Solving each of the following.
TP Mengaplikasikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang sesuai tentang matriks dalam konteks penyelesaian masalah rutin yang kompleks.

Contoh 27
0 –1 –1 0
Transformasi matriks  –1 0  memetakan ( p , q ) kepada ( 3 , 2 ) dan transformasi matriks  0 1 
pula
memetakan ( 3 , 2 ) kepada ( r , s
). 0 –1
A matrix transformation  –1 0  maps (p, q) to (3, 2) and another matrix transformation  –10 01  maps ( 3, 2 ) to ( r, s ).
(a) Hitung nilai p, q, r dan s.
Calculate the values of p, q, r and s.
(b) Cari transformasi matriks tunggal yang memetakan ( p, q ) kepada ( r, s ).
Find the transformation of a single matrix mapping ( p, q ) to ( r, s ).

Penyelesaian
(a) 0 –1 –1 0
–1 0  0 1 
( p, q ) ( 3, 2 ) ( r, s )
p 3 3 r

0 –1
–1 0 q  = 2  
–1 0
0 1 2 = s 
3 r
 0–p+ (–q)
+0  = 2  –32 = s 
–q = 3 , –p = 2 r = –3 , s=2
q = –3 , p = –2
p 3
(b) Dari/From = –10 –10  q  = 2 
Darabkan persamaandi kedua-dua belah sebelumnya dengan  0 10
–1

Multiply both sides of the equation before it with 

–1 0 .
0 1 .
p –1 0 3
0 1  –1 0   q   0 1  2 
–1 0 0 –1 =

p r
0 1  q  =  s 
–1 0
Oleh itu, penjelmaan matriks tunggal yang memetakan ( p, q ) kepada ( r, s ) ialah –1 10 .
0
Therefore, the transformation of a single matrix that maps ( p, q ) to ( r, s ) is –10 1
0 
.

1 Jadual 1 menunjukkan markah yang diperoleh tiga orang murid dalam suatu ujian yang mengandungi
Kertas 1 dan Kertas 2. Jadual 2 menunjukkan pemberat markah bagi kedua-dua kertas dalam ujian itu.
Table 1 below show the marks obtained by three students in a test consisting of two papers.
Table 2 shows the marks weightages of the two papers in the test.

Murid/Student Kertas 1/Paper 1 Kertas 2/Paper 2

Adam 80 70
Bella 60 85
Christ 85 90

Jadual 1 / Table 1

Kertas/Paper Kertas 1/Paper 1 Kertas 2/Paper 2

Pemberat/Weightage 40% 60%

Jadual 2 / Table
2

37

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 38 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 Dengan menggunakan kaedah matriks, cari peratusan markah yang diperoleh setiap orang murid dalam
ujian itu.
By using matrix method, find the percentage of marks obtained by each of the students in the test.

Murid Kertas 1 Kertas 2

Adam 80 70
Bella 60 85 Kertas 1 0.4
Christ 85 90 Kertas 2 0.6

80 70
0.4 80  0.4 + 70  0.6

 60 85
85 90
 0.6  =  60  0.4 + 85  0.6 
85  0.4 + 90  0.6

74
= 75
88

 Markah Adam ialah 74%, markah Bella ialah 75% dan markah Christ ialah 88%.

2 Satu penjelmaan linear memetakan ( 1, 0 ) kepada ( 2, 1 ) dan ( 0, 1 ) kepada ( 1, –2 ). PQR ialah sebuah segi
tiga dengan bucu-bucu P( 3, 4 ), Q( –2, 5 ) dan R( 1, –4 ).
A linear transformation maps ( 1, 0 ) to ( 2, 1 ) and ( 0, 1 ) to ( 1, –2 ). PQR is a triangle with vertices P( 3, 4 ), Q( –2, 5 ) and
R( 1, –4 ).
(a) Cari matriks yang mewakili penjelmaan linear itu.
Find the matrix that represents the linear transformation.
(b) Cari koordinat imej bagi P, Q dan R di bawah penjelmaan di (a).
Find the images of P, Q, and R under the transformation in (a).
a b
Andaikan matriks  c d 
ac db ac db b=1
d = –2
(a) [1, 0] [2, 1] [0, 1] [1, –2]
1
a b
  1 =  1
a b
  0 =
 maka,
a b
  =
2 1

 
c d 0 c d 1 2 c d 1 –2
0 1
a+0 =
   
2  2 b  0  =  
c+0 1 1 d 1 2
 a = 2, c = 1  0 + b =  1 
0+d 2

21 1
21 –21 –2
(b) P[3, 4] P'[x, y] R[1, –4] R'[x, y]
x2 1    = 
3
 2 1
 1  =  x
1 –2 4 y  1 –2
 –4 y
23+1 = x
   2 – 4  =  x

4
1  3 + (–2)  4 =
 10   xy 1+8
–2
=
y
x
–5 y
 P'(10, –5)  9   y
 R'(–2, 9)
21 –2
1

2 1 5] –2
Q[–2, Q'[x,
x y]
    = 
1 –2 5 y
–4 + 5 x

–2 – 10   
= y
1 x
–12    y
=
 Q'(1, –12)

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 39 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 38

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 40 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 Latihan Pengukuhan 2
Kertas 1
1 Diberi bahawa 4 0 mengira jumlah bayaran bagi
8 –2 8 –5
    0 1
6 Diberi bahawa [p 5]
–p 2 =
kedai Adam, x dan kedai
5 10 – –1 1 = 3 2 n .
[11 10], hitung nilai p. Basri, y?
 n.
Cari nilai 4 0
Adam’s shop bought 12 cartons
Given
5 8 –2
  
that
–
8 – =3. 
0 1 Given that [p 5] 
–p 2
 = [11 of grape drinks
strawberry andBasri’s
drinks. 15 cartons
shopof
10], calculate the value of p.
–1 1  2 n
5 10 bought 18 cartons of grape drinks
A 1 C –10 and 9 cartons of strawberry drinks.
Find the value of n. B 2 D 11 Each carton of grape drink costs
A 3 C 5 RM28 and each carton of strawberry
B 4 D 9 1 2 –3 0 5 1
7 = +3 – drink costs RM25. Which of the
8 2
2
+
3 6 4 2 1 3  5 7  2 2  –3 –2 following is the correct method to
– + =   calculate the total payment to be

 5 3  9 1 6 A 
–13 1
C –13
8 15
4 made by Adam’s shop, x and Basri’s

5 8 8
14 15 shop, y?
9 6 3 8 12 18 28 x
A 4 –4 3 0
 7 –8 C 19
B
 13 16
D
7
A     = 
8 15 9 25 y
  10
6 9 8 3 x
12 15 25
19 8
B  18 9  28 = y 
B  7 8 D
8 Jika [2 3]
3p
= [12], maka p 12 18 25 x
=
 = –p
C

m –3 
  If [2 3]
3p
  = [12], then p  15 9   y 
28 
=
– –p
3 Diberi bahawa 3 –3 12 15 28 x
4
1 –6 8
–5 –16 A 4  18 9   25  =  y 
1
 n –4   n –
2
=
5 C 1 3 – 4
12 1  – 
=
10 cari nilai m dan n.
, B 43
D
m –3 1 –6 8 6
9 Diberi bahawa K ialah matriks 2  2 dan K–1 =
Given 4
3 –3  2 n –4
– =
1 –5 p
–5 –16
, find   3(–5) – 4(–2) 2 q .
n. the values of m and
Cari nilai p dan nilai q.
n –10
It is given that K is 2  2 matrix
A m = 2, n = 8
1 –5 p
B m = –2, n = 8 and K =  –1
3(–5) – 4(–2) 2 q
C m = 2, n = –8
D m = –2, n = –8
. Find the values of p and q.
A p = 4, q = 3
B p = –4, q = 3
4 Diberi bahawa 2[3 h] + k[–2 C p = 4, q = –3
1] D p = –4, q = –3
= [–4 9], cari nilai h + k.
Given that 2[3 h] + k[–2 1] = [– 10 Kedai Adam dan membeli 12 karton
4 9], find the value of h + k. minuman anggur dan 15 karton minuman
A 5 strawberi.
B 6
C 7
D 10

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 41 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 D
matriks M.
Find matrix M.
12 53 – 2M =
11 [ 5 –6 3 ] – [ 2 5 –8 ] +  7–1 –5

A–8 –4 7
–12
3[ –1 4 3 ] =
A [ 2 –7 14 ] –1
B [ 2 3 –2 ]   B  32 –4
0
C [ 0 1 20 ]
D [ 0 11 4 ] 11

Cari C –1
–4 5
11
–1 11
6 4 0 4 Kedai Basri membeli 18
D
 –12 5 
karton minuman anggur dan
4
A 26 2
0 C 16 3
4
9 karton minuman strawberi.
Setiap karton minuman
13 Diberi bahawa [2m 5]
3 =
anggur berharga RM28 dan [9], cari nilai m.
B 123 5
4 D 123 7
8
setiap karton minuman
strawberi berharga RM25.
Given that [2m 5]
4
 –3 = [9], find
the value of m.
Antara berikut, yang manakah A 1 C 3
kaedah yang betul untuk
B 2 D 4

39

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 42 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 Kertas 2

Bahagian A
1 Semasa hari kantin sekolah, sekolah itu menjual kupon makanan berharga RMx setiap satu dan kupon
minuman berharga RMy setiap satu. Hui Thing membelanjakan RM28 untuk 5 kupon makanan dan 6
kupon minuman. Xin Yee membelanjakan RM41 untuk 7 kupon makanan dan 9 kupon minuman. Dengan
menggunakan kaedah matriks, hitung nilai x dan nilai y. KBAT Evaluating
During the school canteen day, the school was selling food coupons of RMx each and drink coupons of RMy each. Hui Thing spent
RM28 on 5 food coupons and 6 drink coupons. Xin Yee spent RM41 on 7 food coupons and 9 drink coupons. Using the matrix
method, calculate the value of x and of y. [5 markah/marks]

5x + 6y = 28 1 9  28 + (–6)  41
7x + 9y = 41
x 28

= 3 –7  28 + 5  41 
5 6 1 6
  y    =
41
=  
7 9 3 9
x 1 9 –6 28
y  = 5(9) – 6(7) –7 5  41  2
=  3
 x = 2, y = 3

2 Jumlah umur Jerrine dan ibunya ialah 56 tahun. Dua tahun lalu umur ibu Jerrine adalah tiga kali
umur Jerrine.
The sum of the ages of Jerrine and her mother is 56 years. Two years ago, Jerrine’s mother was three times as old as Jerrine.
Diberi umur Jerrine dan ibunya kini masing-masing adalah x tahun dan y tahun.
Given that Jerrine and her mother present ages are x years and y years respectively.
(a) Tulis dua persamaan linear dalam sebutan x dan y.
Write two linear equations in terms of x and y.
(b) Seterusnya, selesaikan persamaan serentak dengan menggunakan matriks. KBAT Menilai

Hence, solve the simultaneous equations using matrices. [5 markah/marks]

(a) x + y = 56 .......................① (b) x + y = 56

y – 2 = 3(x – 2) –3x + y = –4
y – 2 = 3x – 6 1 1 x 56  9 6
–3x + y = –4 atau/y – 3x = –4 ..........⑤ 
–3 1 yx  = 4  1 –1 56
y  = 1 3 1  4 
1 – [–3]
1 60
 
= 4 164
15
= 41 
 x = 15 dan y = 41

3 RM150 dibahagikan antara Hui Ting dan Hui Kiam dengan keadaan satu perempat daripada bahagian
Hui Ting adalah bersamaan dengan satu perenam daripada bahagian Hui Kiam itu.
RM150 is divided between Hui Ting and Hui Kiam such that one quarter of Hui Ting’s share is equal to one sixth of Hui Kiam’s
share.
(a) Tulis dua persamaan linear dalam sebutan x dan y jika Hui Ting dan Hui Kiam masing-masing
menerima RMx dan RMy.
Write two linear equations in terms of x and y if Hui Ting and Hui Kiam received RMx and RMy respectively.
(b) Seterusnya, selesaikan persamaan serentak dengan menggunakan matriks. KBAT Menilai

Hence, solve the simultaneous equations using matrices. [5 markah/marks]

(a) x + y = 150........................①
1 = 1
4x 6y
3x = 2y
3x – 2y = 0...........................⑤

40

Modul A+ Math Tg5(B2)3rd.indd 43 07/01/2021 4:20 PM

 (b) x + y =
150 3x –
1 x 150
2y = 0
  = 
1
3 –2 y 0
1
x = –2
–1 150
y –2 – 3 –3 1 0 
1 –300
= –5 –450  
60
= 90 
 x = 60 dan y = 90

4 Jadual berikut menunjukkan bilangan buku yang dibeli oleh Fitri.

The following table shows the number of books bought by Fitri.

Jenis buku Bilangan buku Harga per buku (RM)

Type of books Number of books Price per book (RM)
Buku cerita
x 3.5
Story books
Buku rujukan
y 21
Reference books
Fitri membeli 11 buah buku cerita yang terdiri daripada x buah buku cerita dan y buah buku rujukan.
Jumlah harga buku-buku itu ialah RM126.
Fitri bought 11 books that consists of x story books and y reference books. The total price of the books is RM126.
(a) Tulis dua persamaan linear dalam sebutan x dan y berdasarkan maklumat di atas.
Write two linear equations in terms of x and y based on the above information.
(b) Seterusnya, hitung nilai x dan y dengan menggunakan kaedah matriks. KBAT Menilai

Hence, calculate the values of x and y by using matrix method.

[5 marks/markah]
(a) x + y = 11 (b) x + y = 11
3.5x + 21y = 126 3.5x + 21y =
1 126
1 x 11
     =
3.5 21 y 126
1
 x
=  21
–1 11
y 21 – 3.5 –3.5 1
 126 
1 105
= 
17.5 87.5 
6
=  5
 x = 6 dan y = 5

Bahagian B
5 6
5 (a) Cari matriks songsang bagi  3 .
5 6 4
Find the inverse matrix of 3 . [3 markah/marks]
4
(b) Adila dan Hanie pergi ke sebuah pusat membeli belah untuk membeli oren dan epal. Adila membeli
5 biji oren dan 6 biji epal dengan harga RM19. Hanie membeli 3 biji oren dan 4 biji epal dengan
harga RM12.
KBAT Evaluating
Adila and Hanie went to a shopping centre to buy oranges and apples. Adila bought 5 oranges and 6 apples for RM19. Hanie
bought 3 oranges and 4 apples for RM12. [5 markah/marks]
5 6 –1 1 4 –6
(a) 3 4  =
54–6 –3 5 
3
1 4 –6
= 2 –3 5 
2 –3
= –3 5
2 2

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 (b) x = harga sebiji oren y = harga sebiji
epal 5x + 6y = 19 3x + 4y = 12
5 6 x 19
    
y
=
12
3 4
x 1 4 –6 19
= y  =2 
–3 5 12 
1 4  19 + (–6)  12

= 2 –3  19 + 5  12
2

1 4
=
2 3  
= 3
2
3
 x = 2, y = 2

–5 n
6 (a) Diberi P =  43 –2
–5
 , Q = m–4
3  dan0I =1 1 0  . Cari nilai m dan nilai n jika PQ = I. KBAT Menilai

3 –2 –5 n 1 0
Given that P = 4 –5 , Q = m
–4 3
 dan I0= 
1
. Find the values of m and n if PQ = I. [3 markah/marks]

(b) Dengan menggunakan kaedah matriks, hitung nilai x dan y yang memuaskan persamaan matriks
yang berikut:
By using the matrix method, calculate the values of x and y that satisfy the following matrix equation.
3x – 2y = 12
4x – 5y = 23
[5 markah/marks]
3 –2 x 12
(a) Q = P–1 (b)  4 –5 y  =23 
= 1
3(–5) – (–2)(4) –5–4 23  x 1 –5 2
 3 23 
y  = –7 –4
12

–5 n –5  12 + 2  23
Bandingkan dengan Q = m
1
 –4 3  =– 
1
7 –4  12 + 3  23 
m=– ,n=2 1 14
=–
7 7  21 
= 2 
–3
 x = 2, y = –3

Zo n K B A T
1 Terdapat beberapa ekor ayam dan kambing di sebuah ladang. Diberi bahawa haiwan-haiwan itu
mempunyai sejumlah 60 kepala dan 168 kaki.
There are some chickens and goats on a farm. Given that the animals have a total of 60 heads and 168 legs.
(a) Tuliskan dua persamaan linear dalam dua pemboleh ubah.
Write two linear equations in two unknowns.
(b) Seterusnya, cari bilangan ayam dan kambing di ladang itu dengan menggunakan matriks. KBAT Menilai

Hence, find the number of chickens and the number of goats on the farm using matrices.

(a) Bilangan ayam, x dan bilangan kambing y,

x + y = 60
Setiap ayam mempunyai 2 kaki dan setiap kambing mempunyai 4 kaki
2x + 4y = 168
(b) x + y = 60
1 1 2x
x + 4y 60= 168
    =
2 4 y 168
x 1 4
= 
–1 60
y 4 – 2 –2 168  
1
1 72
= 2 48

36
= 24 
 x = 36 dan y = 24
Bilangan ayam = 36 ekor
Bilangan kambing = 24
ekor

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