List of formulas to be remembered in gears

Speed ratio = n1/n2 = d2/d1 = z2/z1 = gear ratio = i.

Centre distance = a = d1+d2/2
d1 = mz1
d2 = mz2
ra = r1 + m
Ra = r2 + m
Rd= r2 – 1.157m
rd = r1 – 1.157m. Where Rd and rd are dedendum circle radii of gear and pinion respectively.
rb1 = r1 cos α. Where r1 = = d1/2 = mz1/2
rb2 = r2 cos α. Where r2 = d2/2 = mz2/2

v1 = ω1r1 where ω1 = 2πn1/60

v2 = ω2r2 where ω2 = 2πn2/60
Note: v1 = v2. Also v1= πd1n1/1000×60 , v2= πd2n2/1000×60 where d1 and d2 are in mm ,
n1 and n2 are in rpm.
Circular pitch = πm
Path of contact = path of approach + path of contact
Path of approach = √Ra² - r2²cos² α - r2sin α
Path of recess = √ra²- r1² cos² α - r1sin α
Arc of contact = path of contact/ cos α
Contact ratio = Arc of contact/πm
Maximum velocity of sliding = ( ω1 + ω2) × maximum ( Path of approach or Path of recess)
Angle of action of pinion = Arc of contact × 360/2πr1
Angle of action of gear = Arc of contact × 360/2πr2
Ratio of sliding velocity to rolling velocity:
At the beginning of engagement :
Sliding velocity/Rolling velocity = ( ω1 + ω2)× Path of approach/ ω1r1 =
( 1 + ω2/ ω1) × path of approach /r1
At the end of engagement
Sliding velocity/Rolling velocity = ( ω1 + ω2)× Path of recess / ω1r1 =
( 1 + ω2/ ω1) × path of recess /r1
At the pitch point
Sliding velocity/Rolling velocity = ( ω1 + ω2)× 0/ ω1r1 = 0