oues paaliel cnuuls

Serus Cucuik

whenhe suistors Ose Conneeteol endA

t end, Sothc hey om only oe path
owrrunt Hhen udistod one Sal
eCoComeeel m Serius Sush cwreli
tcnown os Serus
Curuui

I R R2
7w

Nou,
Nou aCcordiiy ohm'so
odoop
Voage rn udstor R, V,zR
V2R
es
Vo tepe obro ams hole Cvruut

V Volteye drop a rs +Vo Hape olrep acros Kz

-Votje dop de nsS K
V TR, +TR2 IA23
 tv Ohms aus ms he whole cwrud
ausreling

Suststance Say R

edin edistene the Seus ciuut,

R= RtR,s
udis tors e Comeetol
Thus when number

Senus heudraleot usstamce giren by the

asithmetHe S4m a ein indiicdual susistaned

e R-R+A +R+-
de t a l Keistancee. Sum o he incltoluak susistenus

Commo aplicaHon Hiu criud is in the

mavtegd decoraton P u p o s A S h e o e a No.
VottepelJaups are Comeckel im Senius.Jn thiu
Ciruut all th lauyps a r e tontrleel by a Smyk
Switeh, hey lan netbe Contolleol ntudolually

sernus Couut, w-lonluek fak

Same Cuwvrt lovd hvugh l l per oK cot
Jo lhee a e p n l to he Sum Volfoye s r a
pplieol
drunt pai o e Circuut
cluterent Kure aur -relwluak vo dep onA
u Votape orop acmss. mdtuouuol 9esiiSchor 'u drety
pmppsfionas to7ts Iusistance Cwut beng --heSome
in cack Srust
Uo tepg d p S. agc adolrhive
SeJiIlanced CUTR oldihe
 Pocd erd are aolelAve

raralll L Ld
Co hen a No e JusistorS Quse Coneafw
in Suc a wey dhat One e n each o he is
hem is
Joincato a Commo point and he othes end

bein
being Joineol anothe Common point t h e
DesiHos CAs Sail o b e Ce mnectel s pettalle
&Such wew a Enoun ad paallel iatud4
Sn these Coicus Current is d o l s indo as
many patrd a H o o suirtond

ww
R
L2
R2
wwwwwwM

R3
wwwwwwm

ParallllL uuwt

Accondin g -to dms aw

Current rdistus K

T V

A3
R3 3
ddig- e 4
T+ 3 A
 +I+3
Smce o a Curot
rsouA K Curcet Oor

S I:I +I3
V

Sme , whenR ds he e_ivalant suima

the whole Cixait

R R

ruistorS ase Comeetl in paralld

hus when a. Ho.
h e oaprocal e hecguirakot Jusstarce is gven by
qmthme te Surn he sueprrcals o R i
ntalal udistancis..

4
tor a Parallll aruid Condudl Kat

Same Vo Hege act aC ms all branches a b

Cwrat
dlherent rusitars los baanchesave uis indiuel
Cuwvunt
f t a l Cuu Cuvunt e a l to dh Sun e
inobiudual Cwrrurts myl h Vardud Jast/ors
o bnches
Daanch Cuwrvren r adulhrn,
Conoucheem es ane add+ie
Poers ae adOAe
7) the cpm calo e9uval or Cambinel
t a n c e 1s esual to theoSum
*nced f ek
Teupsocals Re zecances
branchek.

Four Coils karmy rsistances e35, to dap

ase Comeoteel in Seuis aUosS20V.Delesmne
Ci) eguivalent ustance Re C
Ci wrent
Cia) Vo toye diop aiss ialiuadurd ola

R3L R2 S Ru D2L
www. ww- Mw-

N.

20v
C) euivalent Iuk stance o he couuk

R
R 3+5
K= lo +12
30

)CusTent-lowing ough hecis uut

I
120 4
R 3

CE) Vo
Vo thteg dop amS 3 Resiionu- toil 9 V IR,
= x3

2V.
VoHaye eloop acvis 5 ruuigtance Cod y2 Z R2
5
2o V.

Vooge drp /2
xl2
8
. A oo, 6o Jstt blb is be opesatal troma
he Stanee to b
220V Supplywhad
Comete m Ses wHRRe bulb t alaw nosmall
P bow, V = IOD V
 Gow
loov,-
(2ov
o 220 o

I -P-
V

06 k
y IRR
Suely ve ttoye atel vo Itap ala
22e

0Y R Y
aolo 20D LA

loads A
Comecttol m paralll
c ane
a
Source Load A taceu 9.6 kW lod e
24ov.
lakes 6oA o o d c AA a
sTtence &k48J
Caladat G) R 4 Fo ( ) t s t
Cwenk wi
power4 w) epvent TeiS+m.
uTent y Sonal A, TA P 24o

xiodd

240
IA
24o
 poules olsauon by on
Po Va
2uO6o
yoo W

Lsa Resstne R 4-9

Cuwvutdraun b 20
K.

Ie 5 o Amp

poes alrasn b y l o l c PeV<Ie

CH) T Cusvent
0 6o 5 d

150up

Ci)Tet pouen P- Paatl2

q , 6+ (4.4 12 =36 kw

p-VxI 24 y1SD = 36 kw Sau ah

ooo

v) Euhabt RutTrmus Re
 24 -6

24D -6 Sou d abr

So

R 360oo 6 J Gone d s
1So2

when a Tesistos placc acmss 230 V. Supply

12Ap what u he value

ras mus be Coneetel n Parallul fo mereaa
t 16 A

eaistance gren usiso

R 232
964J.
Ezuuivalet rutstmoe et Csmbinehisr

230 (37S
6

Le the valve e usisto Connectesl in tf

be R hen
 Kes RR

R,Rey t R, Fe P
=AF

R tR, )= R, Ray.

R.Ro
R-Rer
4 37 x L9.16 7
167 Y.37

Ra S7s J

A is Ct into Ae
Wis o o/ 0 o uistanse
S Kat when thy Comectl in
many Pieces
parrallel
Parrallel sltant s 1ohm.

Sel' Led he wire be a t shtu n pices s Lal

Jcyh
Nou he sustene eachpue, wn R A
Cguvalent destam ce when h e peus
in Paralte, Re Rasisbnte o eack Patt.
o Uparh
LU n

n
.tind he Cwvent & o Hega 30
CR Skoun in

8 2A

30

Sl w

o 2

Re 30+8t2

Nef vo
ltese Vnet =_ 0 -
yO 6 V

Cument ho 30 Jss UY
Cusentlousy roua4Re Feure co4

6o

Votg V
drp aLoss
T 30b
SoJL usisdo

5 x 30
V 4SV.
An
An Oven aces 6A al 220V. s olesvd to
iduce he Cuwvtnt t 12A. md i)The Sudistane
ohich must be Comeeted in Seris (i). vo tteaye aios
he TSTD5
Ove
6A
Kesis+eme o 55

I3.1S n.
R 1,12A

I, Re, = 220
I(R+R) 220
220

12 R+13.75 220
55
R+1375: 220 18-33.

R 18 33 13-7
A 4 .58

Vo tese ALnSs Seruu , V, =ER.

=12 y.58
54.96 V.

A loow, 25DV. bulb is put n Seus cwis a 4ow,

2s0V bulb_aemss 500v wht will hee
Cwrunt drawr, what will he powes Consumecl
will suc.a. Cgnb.natioo. woxk ?
1 ch bulb
 4aW
guulb
Sl Kesistonce (ovw blb,
R, (250
W, oo

250x256

R 6 25
Kesistan ce How bulb,
bulb,
250)
2s
250x 2Sd

K2 1562-5 J

olal Restene R- R,+R

= 625 t 1562.5

2187.5

Cuvrunt_olrauwwfom 500V Su

500
2107.5

I = O. 2286 A

powes Consumeal by loow bulb P z'R,

Co2284) X62S

32.65w
 Consumeel y 9o W
Dowes
Co 22 86) I 5 6 2 . 5
81. 63 W a

Ln h e CwruvA Shoua
. Determine wvrunt
ase iven in ohrns
all-he seisStoss

2-5A 2 ww-
2-
w. ww

)2
M
6
wM-
mn6

2
2-5
1 Combineion e
12 12. l6
Loo

2.5L 2
w -
CombnaHon

(ODt
2 6.G46

2
2-5 2-5
wm M - tr Combna on
6 J}t 5 2
(V 2A 2x

2-5 + . S = S.

5 25 Aup
Calulate e Taistme blo he po
Aancd8 in nlw Shown m
3.

3 ww
6
6
ww
A 3

2
ussance
wthto esiS+anes each od4 15 aangal
in . what udsdtene mudt be Comectcel
acmsshe paalll Lembrileo h t dhe
htel wrert taicev shull be 5A odk
20 V plied

S 6
n aluminium & aa Copper wir Gre Cen necfeel
icthes J Pruil he awvurt Lesra in the

3:40,
alumniuo on es han
Copper
he t
fei Spceitiezusrnca 4
307. i n he od h e i Cit -Seeina
&.Petemne he Cwvunt in all IA usistss
Shous

2
5DA

25D (4.706

29.42Aup

l oo 5.992 dvp

Save malbrual

Seeti ond ar laue lengdh when plheedia

pevrullu gea l SuALtnce o25 . If h
Saue lowr Menseobd Serus ihat
uill rdstonce

0 -25

0 2
J.
So Seund
ey RARRdR 4
Jn qirtm Cotaut find e Kess nee blw

2
www-www

mwwwv
wwwM- >

(Kea 2/l4 2 33
2

Rec
Ka 4/16 2
2.4J

Re 612 6x2 -SA

8
Rey ( s +Rea)
rsisance lo 3de 2.4| (13+ 1-s )
24l 2-333
24x2-833
2-4+2 P33
1

Peperelent &Jneleperclent Scuxces

Indepencleat See i
Ihe element os which bh vottepe
Cwwrrun
Cwvunt
lont
elsewhere
der
depercl Gnhe voteje
in
Cuut,
Dependent Sourt
he clement fov hicd iher Ahe yo Hey
O
o Cwvunt aleperaly n the Voltoe od C w u t
e lcoher he iorud

S, loA Rs
wm

3
Rs R

R
S3

Snedependent Soureeyalr a toitaye

snet_dpalg tke C a r r t oyo tge
podent in hOther-pewt h e coh

Snclyeba
deppndet

Depnhat
wruular
indepencdent Sauwrus de
uprcsAnsn fnsle e Ane h polrvitu
or dhe ourueti K Cwvu wheen h
Sourte- a v 1sJmn r CCuvud S ee
 aleperdeat S auud Aum
oliare
tc Aetwud &delheusid l ay
y'o Hape Sstrce Cwvunt Sswue, palah
olixe tre meb9co

Inelepencdeat o Hope Sowru eprbetadta

5 Smwt

Mon Sinusordel

indepe-clen
J inopende

Sndependent Cuwvust Spewre Kepretls

5snwt
)5A 5euu
5L3

for de onon
inokpender Sinudo.0a qc
Cuvrun moperda
Spr Curen awwrali
Ssm
 Depenclent Vo tte* R res etatiors
4mHeA
ohrn

Volt Condsllkk
o l Goute Cunren+Conoljt Ve ttag
( o n irlli v lge Sru) Snana
Depenclent Cusmet Souste Kepsrserin
Ohn mho

untleduard

Vo taye Contalel Cumre Conollto Cu s

Curent Sawue Sne

R R
ww. ww

T lo

Cureot Contn/eol Vo e g e S
 )S

Contoll Cwsnent Spua2

Curent

Tleal d paachical yo 1teye Seu

Tdeal Vo Haps Ssurus

hns Zem înteal ess-tante and it

clelivers enea at-a Speeipieel o Hege, shch

olocsn+ deperel Cusent Jetoverrol b
he Ssura.
R s o ) Sterrei rurgarka

ww.

V Ctem
Vs
- V =O
Vs
 nd c

aatical Vo tepe Seuru

Aos ca tirie imhera ustnte
olelavens the
ere21 at a Sprupieal vo 4mge, jpi
cohich olepenols sn e Cwvet
Spune
Rs to

V Hermm +Ve LR, - V -o.

Tdal & Prreical Cwrrent Sawru

Tdal Curen Sga -0

as Ininie mtemal u s c e & i t
deivers he Cnc aka Speice Cuvent whicki4
mdependheot Vbteye a vss e Ssuree

I Ts
7 1,
 ucdi cal uat Sounus
Kas ponte iternal Sudisgonne 41+
dlivers he ergd ot aSpeareel Curet hich
JA clepereler 0 Jhe No

TsI+,

I Ts-V

VT T L

Cn 6au bur)