True/False

1. The type of language used, NOT the grammatical structures. Indicates the point of view of
the SL writer in a text. False
Fix: The type of language used and even the grammatical structures (passive
voice/impersonal verbs often used disclaim responsibility) in each case may be evidence of
different points of view.
2. The intention of a text represents the TL translator’s attitude to the subject matter. False
Fix: the TL translator’s attitude the SL writer’s attitude
3. The translator should consider the reader & the setting (TL house style) to decide on the
degree of formality and the length of titles or paragraphs. True
4. Officialese, Formal, and Slang are terms used to describe the SL writer’s points of view.
False
Fix: Officialese, Formal are terms used to describe the SL writer’s points of view.
5. In English, the same referent may often be expressed positively, neutrally, or negatively,
depending on the SL writer’s attitude and the translator has to comply with it. True
This or that?
1. the quality of the writing or the authority of the text?
When a translator decides whether a text is good or bad writing, he makes a decision, with a
subjective element, about the quality of the writing.
2. language rules or the meaning?
The criterion of the quality of the writing in the meaning (words used with a clear
representation of facts and images/unusual connotation)?
3. the SL writer or the TL translator?
The authority of the text is derived unconnectedly from the status of the SL writer.
4. translate them closely or enhance his translation?
Some personal statements are bad writing, so when translating them, the TL translator should
translate them closely in favor of the reader. (faithful or beautiful translation).

True/False
1. Serious literature (belle-letters) and authoritative statements are assigned to the informative
function. False
2. The vocative function of advertising and propaganda texts is to direct the reader. True
3. The Semantic translation is used for personal or intimate writing. True
4. When translating a literary text, the translator has to give precedence to its denotations since
they show the primary meaning of the words. False
Fix: denotations connotations
5. When the TL translator starts this translational analysis of an SL text, he underlines difficult
grammatical structures of the written text. False
 Fix: In fact, such an analysis is an appropriate training for translators, since by underlining
the appropriate words they will show they are aware of difficulties they might otherwise have
missed.

This or that?
1. the matter or the manner?
The emphasis of free translation is on the matter.
2. the spirit or the letter?
The emphasis of literal translation is on the letter.
3. an original work or a translation?
A literalist believes a translation should read like an original work.
4. the SL text or the TL text?
Semantic translation is a translation with emphasis on the SL text.

True/False
1. Word-for-word translations reflect (preserve) the word order of the source language in the
target language (often making the literal translation hard to understand). True
2. Literal translation converts the SL grammatical constructions to their nearest TL equivalents.
True
3. Literal translation experiences difficulty (is out of the question) with idioms and contextual
meanings of the words in the SL text. True
4. In Semantic translation, the translated text should reflect, as faithfully as possible, the main
linguistical features: Vocabulary, grammar, syntax, and structure of the original language.
False
5. When the Semantic translation method is used, the resulting translation is a flexible text
when compared to other types of translations with SL emphasis. True

This or that?
1. the free translation or the adaption?
The “freest” form of translation is the adaption.
2. the free translation or the adaption?
In translation, the rewording or interpretation of an SL text is labelled as the free
translation.
3. idiomatic translation or communicative translation?
Idiomatic translation will result in a translation that communicates the message of the ST
(source text) most clearly and naturally into the TL so that the translation is easy to read and
understand while idiomatic expressions are idioms or fixed expressions in the TL.
Credit: https://www.tierracenter.com/content/13-idiomatic-translation
 4. semantic translation or communicative translation?
Which translation attempts to make the reading process easier for the TL reader?
Communicative translation

True/False
1. The process of rewriting a word from the letters of its original language into the
corresponding letters of another language as a translation procedure is called the
transposition. False
2. As a translation procedure by the translator to translate street names, Transference has them
imported unchanged from the SL text. False
modified to fit the phonological/graphological system of the TL. True
3. Naturalization changes the SL word to its pronunciation, then to the TL morphology. True
4. Cultural equivalence aims at keeping the cultural features of the source word intact in the
target language. This enables a cross cultural understanding of the subject. The reader can
thus also do a comparative study of his culture and the one he is reading. True
5. As tea break is culturally translated into Vietnamese as giờ giải lao, the advantage of this
procedure (cultural equivalence) is that it gives the reader a concept with which s/he can
identify, something familiar. True

This or that?
1. a culture-free word or a cultural equivalent?
Function equivalence, applied to cultural words, requires the use of a culture-free word.
2. the descriptive equivalent or the transference?
When translating a cultural term (taille in French as thuế in Vietnamese) , the translator has
combined the functional equivalent with the transference.
3. the descriptive equivalent or the functional equivalent?
The translation procedure that renders cultural words in the TL by giving their meaning explained
in a few words is the descriptive equivalent.
4. economy or accuracy?
When a word in the SL text is not important. A translator has to do with synonym for economy.

True/False
1. Through-translations are used to translate common acronyms such as PIN, RADAR… False
2. Transposition involves moving from one grammatical category to another without altering the
meaning of the text. True
3. Transposition in Vietnamese translation is the most common way in which translators alter the
syntactical structure of the source text. True
 4. Transposition is involved with a shift of elements of grammar like tense, mood, voice, etc., the
translator moving from one grammatical category to another without altering the meaning of the
text. False
5. Transposition in Vietnamese translation allows an adverb to be replaced by a verb. False

True/False
1. Modulation helps the translator generate a change in the point of view of
a. the message. True
b. SL writer. False
2. Free modulation is a procedure that relies on changing the value of the SL, in English-
Vietnamese translation for example, from generic words to specific terms in the TL. True
3. Vice versa, free modulation in English-Vietnamese translation also consists of the procedure of
replacing a specific English word/phrase with a more generic Vietnamese one. True
4. One category of modulation, changing the viewpoint of the message, is “one part for the whole”,
as in “to read from cover to cover”, “đọc từ trang đầu đến trang cuối”. False
Fix: one part for the whole one part for another
5. A sentence with NEGATIVE sentiment in the source language may be translated into a sentence
with POSITIVE sentiment in the target language. This is the result of the transposition procedure.
False

This or that?
1. the free modulation or the transposition?
The procedure of changing the English passive construction to the Vietnamese active is a
technique of the free modulation.
2. the transposition or the recognized translation?
When the translator uses a well-known accepted target language translation for a specific source
language institutional term, for example: FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) in English, FBI in
Vietnamese (Cơ quan tình báo FBI, Cục Điều tra Liên bang Mỹ), this technique is labelled as the
recognized translation.
3. text expansion or text contraction?
In translating a text, translating one word in the SL by several word in the TL is known as text
expansion.
4. less space or more space?
Text contraction occurs when the translated text takes up less space than the source language.