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h ` h d i l ` s t ` c d oorr l j

Z u ` ``cc « M j ` s t r l h ` m j ` s t r l s µ c ` ` f s ` ú ` q u ` ` f c j s a j c cj
cj s y c ê b r dm j s

s ` ` s i u c p ` cj
c j s j o d h u r ííjj .

Z u ` `c « M j ` s t r l h ` cj s ` m l i d l f ` s µ c` ` f s ` ú ` j i l f t ` m p c j r cjs
i l s j s s ` f i dc
dc cj s y j f j v ` b j r `f c j s j b u j s h ` c j ` m l i d ù f .

Z u` `c « M j`str l h` cj vdhj µ c ` ` f s ` ú ` j f l t ` f ` r m d ` h l h ` v ddvv d r y j

s u p ` r j r c l s m l m ` f t l s m ê s h d aaíí i d c`
c ` s h ` s u k d sstt l r d j .

Z u ` ``cc « M j ` s t r l h `c
`c j m l r µ c ` ` f s ` ú ` q u ` ccjj v d h j ` s ` c ` s p ` i t ê i u c l

m ê s b r j f h ` ` f ` c t ` j t r l h ` c j ` x ds
d s t ` f i ddjj .

Z u ` ``cc « M j ` s t r l d f l c v d h j o c ` µ c ` ` f s ` ú ` q u ` c l s h ä o d c`
c` s g u z b j f y h ` -

s d s t ` f , m d ` f t r j s c ls
ls a u ` r t ` s i l m p r ` f h ` f y t d` f ` f ` s p ` r j f z j .

F l s l m l s p ` r a ` i t l s . H ` i ` p i d l f ` s , a r u s t r j i ddll f ` s y p ä r h d h j s s d ` m p r `

liurrdrêf.

^ ` r l H d l s ` s ` c j r t ` s j f l h ` c ` s p í rd t u y h ` c j c m j k u m j f j . F l t ` f b j

md`hl.

H ` s p u ä s h ` ccjj m ê s c j r b j f l i k ` v ` f h r ê ``cc m ê s o ` cccc l j m j f ` i ` r . @ s -

pär`cl.

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i l m p c ` t j m ` f t ` j X k l m j s F ` c s l f , DDf
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X l h l s c l s h ` r ` i k l s r ` s ` r v j h l s . F d f b u f j p l r i d ù f h ` ` s t ` cd
c d oorr l p l h r ê

s ` r r ` p r l h u id h j , j c m j i ` f j h j ` f j c b ÷ f s d s t ` m j h ` r ` i u p ` rj i d ù f , l

t r j f s m d t d h j ` f i u j c q u d ` r a l r m j l p l r i u j ccqq u d ` r m ` h d l ‘ m ` i ê f d i l s ,

a l t l i l p d j s , b r j o j i d ù f u l t r l ‘ ` x i ` p t l p l r i d t j s o r ` v ` s ` f r ` v d sstt j s

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kdd s ttll r ddjj .

Xrjf salrm ù `c êrdhl su`cl h ` cj p`rslfjcdhjh

k u m j f j ` f u f g j r hí
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Ijrji t`rístdijs dftrdbjft`s h` cj p`rs lfjcdhj h h` Irdstl

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Xrjfsalrmjfhl cj p`rslfjcdhjh7

cj m ` t l h l c l b í j y c l s p r d f i d p j c ` s c j o l r j t l r d l s y c ` i i d l f ` s

Ijpítucl 2

Gu h j s 7 j f t` s y h ` s p u ä s h`c M j ` st r l

I j p í tu
tu c l ;
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l7 j f t ` s y h ` s p u ä s h ` c M j ` s t r l  `c p r l i ` s l h ` t r j f s a l r m j i d ù f

Ijpítucl 4

G u j f 7 j f t ` s y h ` s p u ä s h ` c M j ` s t r l  `c p r l i ` s l h ` t r j f s a l r m j i d ù f

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cj m ê s a j f t ê s t d i j r ` ` h
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cj p ` r sl f j c dh j h k u m j f j

Ijpítucl ::

P f j i j r t j h ` j m l r 7 ` c a df
d f jjcc h ` c j k d s t l r ddjj h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s

J p ä f h di `

@c a ddf
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J i`rij h ` c j u tl r
 | ^_ @A J I DL

I l m p c ` t l ` s t j i l c` i i d ù f h j f h l b r j i d j s j t l h l s c l s c ` it l r `s h ` t l h j s

cj s p j r t` s h
h`` c m u f h l h l f h ` s ` k j f p u o c d i j h l ` s t l s c do
d o rrll ss.. K j k j o d h l

p j h r ` s y m l f g j s i u y j s v d h js f u f i j m ê s v l cv ` r êf j s ` r cj s m d s m j s .

^ j s t l r ` s s ` k j f c ddoo ` r j h l h ` t r j s t l r f l s ` m l i d l f j c ` s y j k l r j ` s t ê f j y u -
h j f h l j m d c` s h ` p ` r s l f j s i l f d hä f td il s p r l o c` m j s .

^ s d i ù c l b l s k j f r ` i l m ` f h j h l m d s c do
d o r l s j p j i dd`` f t ` s i l f s í f h r l m `

h` pêf dil y `sträs. ^sdqudjtrjs c llss r`il m d`fh jf pjrj pjid`ft`s

h ` p r d m d h l s . ^ r l a ` s l r ` s u f d v ` r s d t j r ddll s c l s k j f j h l p t j h l ` f s u s i c j s ` s

h ` p s d i lc l b íj , h ` r ` i k l , p ` h j b l b í j , j h m d f d s t r j i d ù f , j s d s t ` f i d j s l i d j c y

ltrjs.

O u h d s t j s ` d s c ê m d i l s ` s t ê f ` f i j f t j h l s i l f c j d f t ` c db
db ` f i d j h ` I rd s tl

y kjf u tdcdzj hl ` s t l s cdorls i l m l m j f u j c h ` vdhj. ^ ` r s l f j s h ` t l h l s

c ls
ls f dv ` c` s , h ` s h ` ` m p r ` s j r d l s j t r j o j g j h l r ` s h ` c j s ` l , h ` s h ` d ft `c `i -

t u j c ` s j p ` r s l f j s i l f p l i j d f s t r u iiii d ù f , k j f j m p c d j h l s u s v d h j s jjcc

h ` s i u o r d r c l b r j f h d l s l h ` c j k u m j f d h j h h ` G ` s u i r ddss t l .

Y d f ` m o j r b l , ` s p r l o j o c ` q u ` y l k j y j s d h l ``cc m ê s o ` f ` a d i d j h l iill f

` s t l s ` s t u h d l s . I l m l p s d q u d j t r j , i l m l i d ` f t í a di
d i l h ` c j p s ddii l c l b í j y

p r df i dp j cm ` f t ` i l m l s ` r k u m j f l k ` j p r ` f h dh l m u i k l . I j h j v ` z q u `

jfjcdzl cls s`ir`tls h`c aufidlfjmd`ftl h` cj m`ft` y ousil, j pjrtdr

h ` ` s ` j f ê c d s d s , i l m p r ` f h ` r c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` I r d sstt l , m ` h l y i u ` f t j

h ` c l p ` q u ` ú j q u ` ` s f u ` s t r j i d ` f i d j . I l m l c l i l m ` f t l ` f l t r l s ccdd -

o r l s h ` ` s t j i l c ` i i d ù f , j p ` s j r h ` s ` r ccjj p ` r s l f j m ê s a j m l s j h ` ccjj

t d`
d ` rr
r r jj,, G ` s u i r d s t l ` s t j m o d ä f c j m ê s h ` s i l f l i d h j . C j i d ` f i d j f l s `

l i u p j h ` äc .
I l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` ccll s M j ` s t r l s j p r ` f h í q u ` ` c j r t ` h ` p ` f s j r ` s ``cc
t ` s l r l h ` c l s s j o d l s . I l f ä c j p r ` f h í j p ` f s j r m ê s j f t ` s h ` r ` jjii -

i dl
dl fj r, j ` x p l f ` r y f l j d m p l f ` r m d s d h ` j s y j ` f t ` f h ` r q u ` i j h j p ` r-

s l f j ` s u f s ` r ÷ f d i l ` f `c
` c p j c i l h ` c j ` x ddss t ` f i ddjj .

I l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` ccjj s @ m l i d l f ` s j p r ` f h í j f j v ` b j r ` f cj
cj s j b u j s h `

c js
j s ` m l i d l f ` s , j f l t ` m ` r jjcc h llcc lr
lr , j o u s i j r u f p r l a u f h l s d b f da d i j h l

p jr j c j v d h j y j p ` ri do dr q u ` ` f c j s i l s j s m ê s s ` f id cc j s y j f ù f d m j s s `
l i u c t j f c l s s ` i r ` t l s h ` c j a ` ccdd i ddh
hjh.

I l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j j p r ` f h í q u ` v d v ddrr ` s u f j ` x p ` r d`
d ` f i ddjj

÷ f d i j , o ` cc
c c í s ddm
m j , p ` r l m u y o r ` v ` . T , p l r s j o ` r q u ` c j v d h j p j s j ttjj f

r ê pd hl , s d ` f tl cj f`i`sdhjh h` ilm pr` fh `r mds c dm d t ji d l f` s y

j p r l v ` i k j r i j h j c êb r dm j , s l f r d s j, s u i ` s l y a r j i j s l i l m l u f j l p l r t u -

f d h j h p r ` i d l s j p j r j iirr ` ii`` r .

I l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c J m l r j p r ` f h í q u ` cj
c j v d h j sd
s d f j m l r ` s u f c do
dor l

s d f c ` tr
t r j s , u f j p r d m j v ` r j s d f aacc l r ` s , u f j p d f t u r j s d f i l c l r ` s . Z u ` `c

j m l r i j c m j cj ` m l i d ù f , t rj f q u dc dz j `c p ` f s j m d ` f t l , j v dv j c j m l t d -

vjidù f , r l m p ` d f m ` f s l s l o s t ê i u c l s y k j i ` h ` cj v dh j uf j j b r j h j o c`

j v ` f t u r j 7 s d f t`
t` h dl , j f b u s t d j l s l c ` h j h .

^ l r t l h l ` s l , G ` s u i r d s t l v d f l j s ` r p j r j m í u f M j ` s t r l D f lc
l c vvdd h jo
j o c`
c` .

K ly
l y , m d s c d or
or ls s l f p u o c d i j h l s ` f m ê s h ` i u j r ` f tj p j í s ` s p ` r l ` s l

f l m ` ` f l r b u c c ` i ` , p u ` s j p r ` f h í i l f c j ddf
f t ` c db
d b ` f iidd j h ` I r d s t l q u ` c j

brjfhdlsdhjh h ``cc s ` r k u m j f l ` s t ê h d r ` i t j m ` f t ` r ` c ji d l f j h j j su

i j p j i d h j h h ` k j i ` r s ` p ` q u ` ú l . Z u d ` f p ` r h ddùù ccjj i j p j i d h j h h ` v j i d j r s ` ,

h ` g ù h ` j p r ` f h ` r , h ` g ù h ` p ` f s j rr..

H ` s p u ä s q u ` h ` s i u o r í c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ``cc s ` r m ê s s l r p r ` f h ` f t `

q u ` k j y j p d s j h l ` s t j t d`
d ` r r j,
j , f l p u ` h l h ` g j r h ` ` f i j f t j r m ` i l f ä c . @ sstt j

ilc`ii dùf, f
fdd h ` c ` g l s j b l t j ``cc t ` m j . @ s p l s d o c ` q u ` ` s i r d o j l t r l s cd
cd-
o r l s j i `r i j h ` G ` s ÷ s , p u ` s ä c b u j r h j c l s t ` s l r l s m ê s s l r p r ` f h ` f t ` s
h ` c j d f t ` c ddbb ` f i d j ` s p d r ddtt u j c , m u c ttdd a l i jjcc , ` m l i d l f j c , d f t ` r p ` r s l f j c , c ù b -

dij ` dftrj psíqudij.

@ f ` s t ` ÷ c t d m l ccdd o rrll ` s t u h d j r ` m l s ` c j s p ` i t l h ` I r d s t l i l m l m j ` -

s tr l, i l m l `hui jhlr y il m l j r t ` s jf l h ` cj p` r s l f jc dh j h . _ ` b r `-

sj r` m ls j c d f di
d i ddll h ` s u g l r f j h j h`s h` su `fiu`f trl ilf gujf `c

O j u t ds
d s t j y i u j f h l c c j m ù j j c b u f l s g ù v ` f ` s b j c ddcc ` l s p j r j q u ` c l s d b u -
d `r
` r j f . I l m ` f t j r ` m l s t ` m j s y j t r j t j h l s ` f c l s l t r l s c do
d o r l s h ` ` s tj
tj

i l c` i i dù f , p ` r l j q u í j f j c d z j r` m l s k ` i k l s y ` v ` f t l s h ` s h ` cj p ` r s p ` i -

t d vj
v j h ` c h ` s j r r l c c l h ` c j d f t ` ccdd b ` f i ddjj h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s .

I d ` f t ía
í a d i llss , ` m p r ` s j r d l s y p l c í ttdd i l s q u ` h ` h d i j r l f s u s v d h j s j u f

p r ly `i t l t ` m p l r jc , i u j f h l m u r d` r l f s u s ` s p ` r j f z j s q u ` h j r l f s ` p u c -

t j h j s ` f `c ` s p j i d l p ` q u ` ú l y aríl h ` u f j t u m o j . C l s h d s i í p u c l s h`c

M j ` s t r l D f l c vd
vd h jo c` ` f t r ` b j r l f s u s v d h j s j uf s u ` ú l q u ` t r j s i d` f h `

` c m u f h l a ís
í s di
d i l , ``cc s u ` ú l h ` v ddvv d r d f t ` f s j m ` f t ` ` f ` s t j t dd`` r rrjj y ` f c j

`t`rfdhjh.

C l s h d s i í p u c l s t ` f í j f m u i k l s p r l o c ` m j s . @ r j f k l m o r ` s a r ê b dc
d c `s
`s

q u ` s ` ` q u d v l i j o j f , p ` r l ` c s u ` ú l h ``cc M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s c l s

ilftrlcjoj. Ojgl su iudhjhl , jpr`fhd`rlf j jm jr cj vdhj h` i jhj s`r

k u m j f l . T c cc`` b j r l f j v ` r m ê s j c ccêê h ` c j i l r t d f j h
h`` c t d ` m p l . I u j f h l

i ` r r ` m l s h ` a d f d t d v j m ` f t ` ccll s l g l s , i l m p r l o j r ` m l s s d ` cccc l s t ` f í j f

r j z ù f l f l . CCjj m u ` r t ` p u ` h ` r ` s ` r v j r f l s m ê s s l r p r ` s j s q u ` ccjj p r l p d j

vdh j.

C j ` h u i j i d ù f ` f t l h l ``cc m u f h l ` s t ê ` f iirr d ssdd s . A l r m j m l s r ` p ` t d -

hlr`s h` d f al r m j i dù f y fl p`fsjh lr`s. _jrjm`ft` `filftrjm ls

i r ` j h l r ` s o r d cc
c c j f t ` s h ` d h ` j s l r d b d f j c ` s d f i cu
cu s l ` f t r ` m j ` s t r l s y h l i -

tlr`s. C j s a j c ccjj s h ` cj `hu ijidù f r`jczjrlf c j p s d q u d jjtt r í j . K d s t ù rrdd -

i j m ` f t ` , s d ` m p r ` k j k j o d hl t r js t l r f l s ` m l i d l f j c ` s , p ` r l f u f i j `f
c ls
l s f d v ` c`
c ` s y ` f c j d f t ` f s dh
d h j h q u ` ` s t j m l s l o s ` r v j f h l k l y hí
h í j.
j.

@ f ` s t ` c d or
or l ` s t u h d j r ` m l s j u f j p ` r s l f j q u ` d f j u b u r ù c j m ê s ` x i ` -

c `f
` f t`
t ` ` h u i j i d ù f y `c
` c m ê s f l t j o c ` p r l i ` s l h ` t r j f s a l r m j i d ù f h ` cj
cj

p`rslfjcdhjh. Jfjcdzjr`mls cj p`rslfjcdhjh h` cls hdsiípucls jft`s y

h ` s p u ä s h ` i l f l i ` r y v ddvv ddrr i l f G ` s ÷ s . C l s s ` i r ` t l s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s

M j ` s t r l s p l h r ê f j m p c d j r c l s k l r d z l f t ` s s l o r ` cj
c j p s d q u ddjj t r ííjj , cj
cj p s d -
i l c l b í j y cj
cj s i d ` f i d j s h ` c j ` h u i j i d ù f .

I lm pr` fh `r`m ls p l r q u ä ä c ` s i l b d ù j p ` r s l f j s t j f s ` f i d c cj
cj s ,

d f i u c tj
t j s y c c ` f j s h ` i l f a c di
di t l s ` m l i d l f j c ` s , t r j f s a l r m ê f h l c j s ` f ` x i ` -

c `f
` f t ` s p ` f s j h l r ` s q u ` r ` v l c u i d l f j r l f c j k d s t lr
l r d jj..

J u f q u ` ` s t ` c do r l s ` j u f ` s t u h d l h ` a d c l s l a í j y p s d i l c l b í j , `c c ` i t l r

` f i l f t r j r ê t j m o d ä f r ` a ` r ` f i d j s j t ` x ttll s h ` c ls
ls X ` s t j m ` f t l s J f t d b u l y

F u ` v l , i l f d f h d i j i d ù f h ` c jju
u tl
tl r , h ` c i j p í t u c l y h ` c v ` r s í i u c l h l f h ` s `

` f i u ` f t r j f . Y u b d ` r l q u ` d f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` h ` s u i r ` ` f i dj , u s t `h

t ` f b j u f j O d oocc ddjj j c j c i j f i ` h ` c j m j f l . C j c ` i ttu

u r j h ` ` s l s t ` x t l s , ``f
f ``cc

i l f t` x tl ` f q u ` s ` p r ` s ` ft j f , p r l m l v ` r ê u f i l f l i d m d ` f t l m j y l r h`

` s j a d b u r j ÷ f d iijj y a j s i d f j f t ` q u ` , i l f s u s p j c j o r j s , i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s

y j i t d t u h ` s , r ` v l c u i d l f ù `c m u f h l y `c ` s p í r d t u k u m j f l .

JP B P YXL GL _ B @ IP_T
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H @ CJ ^ @ _ Y L F J C D H J H H @ I_DY X L

C ls
l s s u ` ú l s s l r p r`
r` f h ` f t ` s h ` u f k l m o r ` q u `

v d v dù
d ù ` f ` c h ` s d`
d ` r tl
tl

K j i ` m u i k l s s d b c l s , u f k l m o r ` ` x t r j ú l v d v ddùù ` f c j t d ` r r j ê r ddh
h j ` d f aa`` -
iu fh j h
h`` c h ` s d ` r ttll . Y u r l p j ` r j t l s i j , k ` i k j h ` ppdd ` c h ` j f d m j c ` s . Y u

h d `t
` t j , j ÷ f m ê s ` x t r j ú jj,, c j i l m p l f í j f d f s ` i t l s y m dd`` c h ` j o ` g j s . @ c s llcc ,

` c v d ` f t l y ` c p l c v l c ` k j o í j f p u ` s t l c j p d`
d` c r ` s ` i j , y h ` s k d h r j t j h j . C l s

i j o ` c c l s ` r j f h ` s b r ` ú j h l s 5 c j oj r oj , c j rb j y h ` s i u d h j h j .

@c v d ` f t l ` r j s u i l m p j ú ` r l . H ` s h ` s u t ` m p r j f j ` h j h c ` h d l c j s

` s p j c h j s j c j iidd v ddcc ddzz j iidd ù f

f.. @ s t j o j p r ` p j r j h l p j r j m llrr dr
dr , y q u ` s u s k u ` -

s l s a u` r jf j o j f h l f j h l s ` f j c b ÷f r d fi ù f p ` rh dh l . ^ ` rl ` s ` k l m o r `

` x tr j ú l h ` c h ` s d` r t l s l ú j o j i l m l i u j c q u d` r s ` r k u m j f l . Y u s s u ` ú l s

` r j f t j f b r j f h ` s q u ` c ` r l o j o j f cj t r j f q u dc d hj h . Y l ú j o j i l f j c b u
udd ` f

q u ` f l s l c l i l f l i í j c llss i l f a c d i t l s y c j s m d s ` r d j s s l i d j c ` s s d f l q u `

i j m o d j r í j ``cc m u f h l .

I d ` r tl
tl h í j h ` g ù h ` s l ú j r y i l m ` f z ù j j i tu j r. Y j c d ù h ` c j j rd h ` z h`c

h ` s d ` r t l y s ` j i ` r i ù j c j o r ddss j h ` u f r ííll . @ f s u s l r d c ccjj s , i l m ` f z ù j

k j oc jr h
h`` c k l m o r ` h ` s u s s u ` ú l s y h ` c l s s u a r d m d ` f t l s k u m j f l s .

^ jr j s l r p r ` s j h ` t l h l s , ` rj ` c l i u ` f t ` y l s j h l . K j o c j o j j b r dt l s. C j s

p ` r s l f j s t ` m o c j o j f j c l í rrcc ll.. Y u s p j c j o r j s , c ` g l s h ` i j c m j r ``cc j ccm

mj, `x-

plfíjf cjs k`rdhjs. Irdtdijoj cls `rrlr`s, cjs dfgustdidjs, cj mjfdpu-

c ji
j i d ù f h ` c l s p ` q u ` ú l s p l r c l s b r j f h ` s , c j k d p l i r ` s í j r ` ccdd b ddll s j .

C l s a j r ds ` l s , a j m l s l s p l r s ` r m l r j c d s t j s y v ` r s j h l s ` f cj c`y h `

H d l s , q u ` h j r l f j s l m o r j h l s i l f s u h d s i u r s l . @ s ` k l m o r ` h ` ` xxtt r jú
jú j
jpjrd`fidj guzb joj ajcsj cj plsturj r ` cd b dl s j r ` d f j ft ` . Fl t`f
fíí j
i l m p r l m d s l j c b u f l i l f c j s l i d ` h j h , f l s j o í j q u ä ` r j ``cc s t j t u s s l iidd j c

fd p l s ` í j d f t ` r ` s ` s l i u c t l s . Y l c j m ` f t ` q u ` r í j s ` r ad `c j s u s s u ` ú l s .

H`iíj j cls cíh`r`s r`cdbdlsls qu` `ccls `rjf v`rhubls pu`s jpr`sjojf

j c js
js p ` r s l f j s ` f ` c m u f h l ` b l í s t j h ` s u s v j f d h j h ` s y v ` r h j h ` s .

^ l r p r d m ` r j v ` z ` f c j k d s t lr
l r d jj,, j c b u d ` f c c j m ù j c j i j s t j m ê s f l o c ` h `

r ` c d b dl
dl s l s r j z j h ` v ío l r j s 7 o ` c c l s p l r au `r j , p ` rl v ` f ` f l s l s p l r h ` f -
t r l ( M j t ` l 9 . 2 ).
). F l s ` d f i l m l h j o j f i l f c j s c ê b r d m j s h ` c l s m ` f l s

a j v l r ` i d h l s . C ` s a j cctt j o j j m l r p l r i j h j m d s ` r j o c ` h ` c j s l i d ` h j h . Y l c l

s ` j m j o j f j ` cccc l s m d s m l s .

@ c k l m o r ` h`
h ` c h ` s d ` r t l ` r j t j f l s j h l q u ` f d s d q u d ` r j h ` g ù h ` j t j i jjrr

j c v d l cc`` f t l b l o ` r f j h l r h ` j q u ` c c j s t dd`` r r j s 7 K ` r l h ` s J f t d p j s . X
Xjj c l s -

j h íj 5 sd f ` m o j r b l , c` i l s t ù i j r l . F l t j r h ù m u i k l ` f s ` r h ` i j p d tj h l

( M j t ` l : 8 . : > ) . ^ ` rrll j ä c p l i l c ` d m p l r t j o j m l r ddrr . Z u ` r í j m j f t ` f ` r s `

a d ` c j s u i l f i d ` f i d j . Y u f l m o r ` ` r j G u j f , y ccll j p l h j o j f ` c O j u t d st
st j .

^ l r a u ` r j ` r j u f G u j f m ê s 5 p l r h ` f t r l , u f k l m o r ` q u ` q u ` r í j v l c i j r `c

m u f h l o l i j j o j g l . D f j u b u r ù ccjj ` r j h ` c j k l f ` s t d h j h h ` i l f i d ` f i ddjj ,

u f j ` r j q u ` k j i ` m u i k l s ` p ` r h d ù , s l o r ` t l h l ` f c l s h íj
íj s j i tu j c` s ,

hlfh` cj jpjrd`fidj vjc` mês qu` `c ilft`fdhl. @c s`r kumjfl pu`h`

`stjr p÷trdhl plr h`ftrl, p`rl `xt`rdlrm`ft`, sd td`f` ajm j y hdf`rl, `s

vjclrjhl.

P sjf hl slcjm `f t` cj k`rrjmd`ftj h` cj s d h ` j s , G u j f j a r l f t ù `c

d m p ` r m ` j o c ` s d s t ` m j r ` ccdd b dl
d l s l g u h í l y ``cc d f t l ij
ij o c` D m p ` r d l _ l m j f l .

Y u s d h ` j s i l f t j b d j rl f j m u i k l s . H ` cl s b r j f h ` s j c l s p ` q u ` ú l s , cj s

p ` r s l f j s h ` t l h j G u h ` j , h ` B j c d c ` j y h ` G ` r u s j c ä f j a c u í j f p j r j l í rrcc l j

c js
j s l r d cccc j s h `c
` c r í l G l r h ê f . Y u s p j c j o r j s i j m o d j o j f c j m ` f t ` h ` c js
js p ` r -

s l f j s y j o rí jf c j s p l s do d cd h j h ` s h ` s u s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s .
^ ` r s u j h d h j s p l r ä c,
c , c jjss b ` f t ` s ` f t r j o j f ` f c j s j b u j s h ` c r í l G l r h ê f y
s j cí
c í j f p j r j ` s i r ddoo d r u f j f u ` v j k d s t l r ddjj . C c j m j h l o j u t d s m l , ` s ` b ` s t l

r ` v ` c j o j u f s í m o l c l p s d i l c ù b d i l a j s i d f j f t ` , u f i j m o d l ` f c j r u t j ``xx ds
ds 

t ` f i ddjj c h ` s p u ä s h ` c j d f m ` r s d ù f ` f c j s j b u j s i r d s t j c d f j s h ` c rríí l . B l t j s

h ` ` s p ` r j f z j s ` ` s i u r r íj f p l r `c j c m j h ` cj s p ` r s l f j s m d ` f t r j s b l t j s

h ` j b u j i l r rí j f p l r c l s p c d ` b u ` s h ` cj i j r j . C j s l f r d s j k j o í j r ` b r ` -

sjhl.

@ c k l m o r ` h ` s us
u s s u ` ú l s 7 ` c m j r e ` t df
d f b p ` rs
rs l f j c

C j s m u c t d t u h ` s q u ` h j o j f a j s i d f j h j s j f t ` c l s d f t r ä p ddh
hls hdsiursls

h ` g u j f . ^ ` r l i u j f h l t l h l s c l j h m d r j o j f y ` x j c t j o j f s u s d h ` j ss,, v d f l

c j b r j f s l r p r ` s j 7 G u j f k j o c ù , p l r a df
d f , h ``cc k l m o r ` h ` s u s s u ` ú l s , ``cc

k l m o r ` q u ` p l r m u i k j s f l i k ` s l i u p j r j `c ` s i ` f j r d l h ` s u m ` f t` .

X l h l s q u ` h j r l f p j r j c d z j h l s i l f s u s p j c j o r j s . «. « ^ l h rríí j k j o ` r j c -

b u d ` f m j y l r q u ` ``cc v j c d ` f t ` G u j f < µ

^ j rj s l r p r ` s j h ` s u s l y ` f t ` s, h d gl jc b l j s l m o r l s l j i ` r ij h `c k l m -

o r ` h ` s u s s u ` ú l s . H d g l q u ` ` s j p ` r s l f j ` r j t j f b r j f h ` q u ` ääcc f l ` r j

h d b f l h ` h ` s j t j r c ` ccjj s i l r r ` j s h ` s u i j c z j h l ( C u i j s 9 ..:: 1 ) . 3 Z u ä k l m -

o r ` ` r j ä s ` , j q u d `f `c v j c ` r l s l G u j f h j o j u f s t j t u s q u ` f d f b ÷ f r`y

g j m ê s p u h l t`f`r<

@ f s u ` f t ` f h d m d ` f t l , j q u ``cc q u ` h u r j f t ` h ä i j h j s k j o ííjj j b u j r h j h l

` f ` c h ` s d ` r ttll , y j q u d ` f f l i l f l i í j p ` r s l f j c m ` f t ` , ` r j `c
`c K d g l h
h`` c

H d l s J c t í s dm
d m l v d s d t j f h l j ccjj k u m j f d h j h . @ c J u t l r h ` c j v d h j ` f v d j o j j

s u K d g l jjcc m u f h l p j r j q u ` t u v d ` r j c j m ê s ` f d b m ê t d i j ` x p ` r d ` f i ddjj 7 v dv
dv d r

cj v d h j k u m j f j y ` s i u h r d ú j r i j h j ` s p j i d l h ` c j ` m l i d ù f , i j h j ê r ` j h `

c j s m ` f t ` s , i j h j r df
d f i ùùf
f h ` c i l f s i d ` f t ` y h ``cc d f i l f s i d ` f t ` k u m j f l .

@c k l m o r ` h ` c h ` s d ` r t l f l t ` m í j j f j h j f d j f j h d ` . Y j o í j q u ` h ` -
s j a d j r s ddf
f j r m j s y p ÷ o c d i j m ` f t ` j c s d s t ` m j p l c íítt d iill y r ` c d b d l s l c l
` x p l f í j j m l r d r ` f i u jc q u d `r m l m ` f t l . ^ ` r l ` s ` m d ` h l f l c l p` r -

t u r o j o j . I u j f h l m ` f i d l f j o j j c k l m o r ` h ` s u s s u ` ú l s , m l s t r j o j ``cc

l t r l c j h l h ` s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h 7 u f j r ` v ` r` f i dj a j s i d f j f t ` . ^ l s t u c j o j

p jr j s í s l c j m ` f t ` ` c p j p ` c h ` p r ` i u r s l r h ` uf k l m o r ` q u ` v ` f í j j

r ` s i j t j r j cj
cj k u m j f d h j h y i j m o d j r c j p j r j s d ` m p r ` . C j s p j c j o r j s h `

G u j f j o r í j f h ` p j r ` f p j r cj s v ` f t j f j s h ` cj d m j b d f j i d ù f h ` s u s
ly`ft`s.

J c b u f l s ` f v d j h l s p l r cl s s j i ` r h l t ` s y aj r d s ` l s p r ` b u f tj r l f j Gujf

q u d ä f ` r j äc
ä c . Y u r ` s p u ` s t j a u ` ` f d b m ê t d i j y i l f a u f h d ù j t l h l s 7 «. Tl

s l y c j v l z q u ` i c j m j ` f ` c h ` s d ` r ttll , ` f h ` r ` z j h ` c i j m d f l h ` c Y ` ú l r µ (

Gujf :.?9). d ^ l r q u ä  `c Y ` ú l r µ , q u ` c l s g u h í l s g u z b j o j f s ` r `c H d l s

L m f d p l t ` f t ` , f ` i `s dt jr íj h ` u f s ` r k u m j f l , y s l o r ` t l h l h ` uf k l m -

o rr`` ` x t r j ú l y ssdd f i u c tu
tu r j , p j r j p r ` p j r j r c ` ` c i j m d f l <

G u j f f j i d ù y i r ` i d ù jc m j r b ` f h ` c s d s t ` m j s l i d j c . F l s ` k j o í j

i l f t j m d f j h l p l r c j s v j f d h j h ` s , j r r l b j f i d j s ` d f g u sstt d i d j s h ` c s d s t ` m j ,

q u ` c l r ` i k j z ù y ccll i l f h ` f ù v ` k ` m ` f t ` m ` f t ` .

@ c i j m d f l q u ` j äc
ä c s ` c ` ` f i l m ` f h ù p r ` p j r j r f l ` r j a ííss d il
i l . @ rj
r j ``cc

i j m d f l h ` c i l r j z ù f y h ` c ` s p í r ddtt u k u m j f l . G u j f ` r j u f t r j i t l r s df
df

a r ` f l s q u ` k j o í j v ` f d h l p j r j j r j r c ls
l s s u ` c l s p ` h r ` b l s l s h `c
`c j c m j k u -

m j f j , p r ` p j r ê f h l c l s p j r j r ` i d o d r j c m ê s a j f t ê s t d iill , t d ` r f l y bb`` ft
f t dc
dc

s ` m o r j h l r 7 G ` s ÷ s h ` F j z j r` t .

^ j r j G ` s ÷ s , c j k u m j f d h j h f l ` r j u f p r l y ` i t l a j cc
c c dh
d h ll.. J u f q u ` c jjss

b u ` r r j s , c l s ` s t u p r l s , c l s j s ` s d f j t l s , c j v d l cc`` f i d j y c j s c l i u r j s s l -

i d j c ` s m j i u c j o j f f ` b j t d v j m ` f t ` j ccjj k u m j f d h j h , ä c h ` h d i ù t l h j s u v dd--

h j j ` s ` p r l y ` i t l . @c
@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j q u ` r í j j c i j f z j r u f f ddvv ` c

h l f h ` c ls
l s t r j f q u dc
dc dz j f t ` s y j f t d h ` p r ` s d v l s m ê s m l h ` r f l s f l j c ij f -
z j f j j it
i t u jjrr .
 Ä c f l v d f l j r ` a l r m j r ` c s ` r k u m j f l , j h j r cc`` u f m j f u j c h ` i l f h u i t j

l j p r l h u i d r u f j p j z t ` m p l r j c . Ä c v d f l p j r j p r l h u i d r u f f u ` v l s ``rr .

F j h d ` t u v l t j f b r j f j m o d i d ù f . G j m ê s j cb u d `f j p l s t ù t j f t l j f l s l t r l s.

C j d m j b ` f a l r m j h j ` f ` c d f i l f si
s i d`
d ` f t ` i lc
l c ` i td
td v l

X d ` m p l h ` s p u ä s h ` c ` f i j r i ` cj m d ` f t l h ` G u j f , G ` s ÷ s cl ` c l b dù p ÷ ocd -
i j m ` f t ` . H d ggll q u ` ` f t r ` c l s f j i d h l s h ` m u g ` r f j h d ` k j o ííjj s d h l d b u j c j

ä c ` f i j p j i d h j h , v j c ` f t ííjj , h ` t ` r m d f j i d ù f , p j i d ` f i d j y ` f c j u t dc
d c dz
d z j iidd ù f

h `c
` c p r l i ` s l p s d i l c ù b d i l p j r j v ` f i ` r ccjj h u r ` z j h ` c j c m j k u m j f j ( M j -

t` l f . f ) .

J f t`s q u ` G` s÷ s jpjr`id`rj, cls s`b u dh l r`s h ` Gujf p ` f sj o j f `f iù -

m l s` r íj `c M ` s í j s , ` c « u f b d h l µ h ` H d l s q u ` c d o`
o ` rrtt jr
j r íj
í j jc
jc s ` r k u m j f l

h ` s u i j u t d v ` r d l ` x t ` r d l r ` d f tt`` r ddll r . Y d ` t ` s d b c l s j f t ` s , ``cc p r l a ` t j D s j ííjj s

k j o íj
í j j f u f i d j h l c j v ` f d h j h ``cc M ` s í j s . ^ ` rrll ``cc t d ` m p l p j s ù y m u i k j s

b ` f ` r j i d l f ` s m u r d ` r l f s d f k j o ` r c l v d sstt l . C j s p j c j o r j s h ` D s j í j s s `

t r j f s a l r m j r l f ` f u f h ` ccdd r ddll p j r j D s r j ` c . @ c p u ` o c l s l ú j o j i l f u f b r j f

M ` s í j s q u ` c l s v d f d ` rrjj j ccdd o ` r ttjj r h ` c j ` s i c j v d t u h y h ` c j s u m d s d ù f j _ l -

mj.

H ` t l h j s c j s f j i d l f ` s , D ssrr j ``cc ` r j c j ÷ f d i j q u ` f l s ` s l m ` t í j a êêii d c -

m ` f t ` jjcc i l f ttrr l c r l m j f l , ` x d b dd`` f h l , ` f i j m o d l , u f t r j t l ` s p ` i d j c . @c

p u ` o c l k j i í j a r ` i u ` f t ` s m l t d f ` s , y `c d m p ` r d l r ` j i i d l f j o j i l f v d l -

c ` f i ddjj . C j s p j c j o r j s h ` G u j f ` c O j u t d s t j j c d m ` f t j o j f ` c j r h d ` f t ` j f k ` c l

p l r c do
d o ` r t jjh
h . I j h j u f j h ` s u s a r j s ` s ` r j r ` b d s t r j h j ` f ``cc i ` f t r l h ` c j

m ` m l r d j h ` s u s l y ` f t ` s , b ` f ` r j f h l ` f ``cc d f i l f s i d ` f t ` i l c ` i t d v l ccjj

d m j b ` f d h ` j ccdd z j h j h ` u f k ä r l ` p l h ` r l s l .

@ c k l m o r ` h ` c llss s u ` ú l s h ` G u j f s ` v l c v d ù ``cc k l m o r ` h ` c ls
ls s u ` ú l s
h ` m d cc`` s h ` p ` r s l f j s . I j s t d b j h j s p l r ` c k j m o r ` y ` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s ` f ``cc
jcmj , cjs p`rs lf js jfk`cjoj f ilfl i`rcl. @
@cc h l c l r i r ` ù u f j d f iirr `í
` í oocc `

` s p ` r j f z j , p l r ``cc s u ` ú l h ` h í j s a ` c di
d i ` s q u ` k j o r í j f h ` v ``f
fdr.

G u j f r ` p r ` s ` f t j o j c l s a r ê b d c ` s r j y l s h ` c s l c q u ` d f j u b u r j f `c m ê s

o `c
` c cl
c l h ` c ls
ls j m j f ` i ` r ` s . H ` s p u ä s h ` u f j c jr b j f l i k ` h ` m d ` h l `

d f s ` b u r d h j h , m u i k l s g u h í l s v l c v d ` r l f j s llf
f r ``íí rr.. ^ ` r l ` c t d ` m p l p j s j -

o j y `c M ` s í j s j f u f i d j h l f l j p j r ` i íj . @ x p ` i t j t d v j s d f t ` f s j s b ` f ` r j f
t r ` s i l f s ` i u ` f i d j s . Y d f l s ` r ` j cd
c d z jjf
f, prlhui `f arustrjidùf. Yd slf

i l r r ` s p l f h d h j s , h j f p cj
c j ii`` r.
r . YYdd s l o r ` p j s j f c l q u ` s ` ` s p ` r j o j , b ` f -

`rjf `xuctjidùf.

¼ Z u ä p r l h u g l G ` s ÷ s < C l s h l s ` x t r ` m l s . A r u s tr
t r j i dù
dù f , p l r q u ` f l s `

r ` v ` c ù i l m l u f k ä r l ` p l h ` r l s l , s d f l i l m l ` c K d ggll h ` c K l m o r ` . T ` x -

u c t j i d ùùf
f, plrq u` fuf ij jcbu
udd ` f k j o í j k ` i k l c l q u ` ääcc k d z l l k j o c j h l

cl q u ` ä c k j o c j o j .

@ c b r j f h ` y s ` f i ddcc ccl
l s u r b ddm
m d ` f ttl
l

^ ` f s j r f l ` s u f j l p i d ù f s d f l q u ` ` s u f j j i t d v d h j h d f `v
` v d t jo
jo c` . F j h d `

p u ` h ` h ` g j r h ` p ` f s j r . @c p ` f s j m d ` f t l s ` p u ` h ` h ` s j i ` c ` r j r k j s t j

d f t ` r r u m p d r c l jjcc p u f t l q u ` h ` g ` h ` s ` r u f p ` f s j m d ` f t l . F d i u j f h l

h l r m d m l s h ` g j m l s h ` p ` f sj r 5 p l r ` s l s l ú j m l s . X l hl s cl s h í j s p rl -

h u i d m l s m d c` s h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l s .

G u j f i r ` i d ù ` f `c h ` s d ` r t l . X u v l i l f t j i t l i l f p l i j s p ` r s l f j s , p ` r l

h`odù h` p`fsjr m uikl. Yus p`fsjm d`ftls `stjojf sjturjhls h`

` x p ` i t j t d v j s s l o r ` G ` s ÷ s , j c b u d ` f j q u d ` f f l i l f l i í j . Y d o d `f
` f ` r j f p r dd--

m l s , k j o í jf i r ` i d h l s ` p j r j h l s . Y u s p j h r ` s M j r í j y G l s ä k j o íj f k u d h l

j @ b dp
d p t l , r ` b r ` s j f h l h ` s p u ä s j c j i d u h j h h ` F j z j r ` t , ` f B j c d cc`` j ( M j -

t ` l ? . :8 ) . Y d f h u h j q u ` G u j f j f s d j o j i l f l i ` r c l .
¼ I u ê f t l t d ` m p l ` s p ` r j u s t` h p jr j q u ` u f l h ` s u s s u ` ú l s s ` k j b j
r ` j cd
cd hj h < K j y q u d ` f ` s j o j f h l f j f c l s s u ` ú l s ` f i u j f t l i l m d ` f z j f j

` f a r ` f t j r p r l o c ` m j s . L t r l s ttdd ` f ` f c llss s u ` ú l s m u y j r r j d b j h l s h ` f t r l

h` sí p`rl iujfhl jtrjvd`sjf `c vjcc` h` cj arustrjidùf, cls `ftd`rrjf

ilf cêbrdmjs. Gujf `sp` rù p l r t r `s h ä i j h j s p j r j q u ` `c s u y l s `

i u m p c d ` r j . ¡ I u ê f t j s f l i k ` s ar
a r íj
í j s,
s, h ` s ` f i j f t l s y m l m ` f t l s h ` j f b u s -

t dj f l k j o r ê ` x p ` r d m ` f t j h l ! X r `d ft j j ú l s h ` ij cl r , p l c v l y s ` q u ` h j h
f l cl
cl h ` s j f d m j r l f .

G u j f j m j o j j q u d ` f f l i l f l i í j . @ f m ` h d l h ` t j f t j s ` x p ` i t j t d v j s , c`

j s j c t ù u f j h u h j 7 3 I ù m l d h ``f
f ttdd a d i jjrr cl
c l i u j f h l s ` ` f i l f t r j r j i l f ä c<
c< 3

Q ` f h r í j i l m l u f b r j f r`y, i l f u f j d m p r ` s d l f j f t ` i l m d t d v j < d Y`ríjf

s u s r l p j s t ` gd h j s i l f k d cl s h ` l r l ` s t j o c ` i d ` f h l u f a u ` rt ` i l f t r j s t `

ilf cjs rlpjs h ` su pr`iurslr<

Cjs s` m jf js p j s j o j f y ccjj m u cctt d t u h j u m ` f t j o j j c j s l r d cc

c c js
j s h ``cc

Glrhêf. Dfqud`tls, j cb u f l s s` pr`buftjojf7 « µ @stjrê Gu jf suard`fhl

jcuidfjidlf`s<µ

P f h íj
í j , u f k l m o r ` j p j r ` i d ù h d s i r ` t j m ` f t ` . ^ j r ` i ííjj u f l m ê s ` f t r `

c j m u cctt dt
d t u h . F j h j c l h d s t d f b u í j h ` c llss l t r l s . Y u s r l p j s ` r j f i l m u f ` s .

F l v ` f íj j i l m p j ú j h l h ` u f j ` s i lc tj . Y u s m l v d m d ` f t l s ` rj f j p j id -

o c ` s y f l r ` v ` c j o j f `c p l h ` r h ` u f r`y, s d f l c j s ` f s d o d c d h j h h ` u f p l -

` t j . F l c c j m j o j c j j t ` f i d ù f h ` f j h d ` . Y ddf
f huhj, s`ríj uf s`hd`ftl m ês,

h ` s ` l s l h ` l íírr c j s p j c j o r j s h ` c k l m o r ` h ` c h ` s d ` r ttll .

Y d f j p r ` s u r j r s ` , s ` a u ` j o r d ` f h l p j s l ` f t r ` ccjj m u c t d t u h . X l i j o j c l s

k l m o r l s h ` c js p ` r s l f j s y p ` hí j p ` r m d s l i l f u f j s l f r d s j . J s í s ` a u`

j i ` r i j f h l . ¡ @ s ` f l p l h í j s ` r ``cc M ` s í j s p r l i c j m j h l p l r G u j f , p u ` s ``f
f

f j h j s ` p j r ` i í j j c j d m j b ` f q u ` c j s p ` r s l f j s s ` k j o í j f k ` i k l h ` ääcc !

@ s p ` r j o j f j j c b u d ` f s l o r ` k u m j f l , ¡ p ` r l ` s t ` ` r j u f k l m o r ` ttjj f f l r -
m j c ! @ s p ` r j o j f j u f k l m o r ` i l f ` c s ` m o c j f t ` h ` u f rr`` y , ¡ p ` r l s u
r l s t r l ` s t j o j q u ` m j h l p l r ``cc ssll c y,
y, s u s m j f l s , ` f h u r ` i d h j s p l r ``cc

trjojgl!

I l f t d f u ù j i ` r i ê f h l s ` . F l k j o í j j b r ` s d v dh
dh j h ` f s u s m l v d m d ` f t l s ,

p ` r l s í h u c z u r j ` f s u s l g l s . @ c k l m o r ` q u ` k j o rí
r í j h ` i j m o d j r ``cc h ` s -

t d f l h ` cj
c j k u m j f d h j h ` s t j o j ` s i l f h d h l o j g l cj
c j ppdd ` c h ` u f iijj r p df
df t `r l .

F u f i j f j h d ` t j f b r j f h ` s ` k j o í j k ` i k l t j f p ` q u ` ú l p j rj
rj k j i ` r t j f
brjfh `s j cls p`qu`úls.

I l f ` c j b u j h ` c r í l cccc ` b ê f h l c ` j c j s r l h d c cj
cj s y s d f k j o ` r s ` p ` r i j t j h l

q u ` ` s t j o j v d f d ` f h l j s u ` f i u ` f t rl , G u j f ` s t j o j l t r j v ` z k j o c j f h l h `

c j p ` r s l f j m ê s p l h ` r l s j h ` c j t dd`` rr
r r j.
j . Y ÷ o d t j m ` f t ` , s ` j o r d ù uf
uf ` s p j -

i d l ` f c j m u c t d t u h . @c k l m o r ` h ` c l s s u ` ú l s h ` G u j f ` s t j o j j cccc í , p ` r l

fjhd` s` hdl iu`ftj. @ftlfi`s, cjs mdrj hjs h` cls hls s` iruzjrlf.

G u j f q u ` h ù p ` t r d a d i j h l . D f t ` r r u m p d ù s u h d s i u r s l . F j h j ` f `c j s p ` i t l

` x t ` r ddll r h ` j q u ` c k l m o r ` d f h d i j o j q u ` ` r j ä c,
c, p ` r l , h ` j c b u f j a l r m j ,

Gu j f s u p l q u ` sí cl `rj. Y u s l gl s s ` p l s j r l f `f G` s ÷ s h ` F jzjr`t

i l f t ` m p c ê f h l c l j t` f tj y ` m o ` o d h j m ` f t ` .

C l s l g l s h ` G u j f h ` o ` f h ` k j o ` r s ` c c ` f jh l h ` c ê b r dm j s . X jf tl s

j ú l s k j o íj f p j s j h l y t j f tj s f l i k ` s m j c h l r m d h j s ` s p ` r j f h l j `s t`

k l m o r ` ÷ f d i l . T j k l r j , ` s t j o j j cccc í , r ``jj c , h ` c j f t ` h ` s u s l g l s . Y u j c m j

s ` d f u f h ù h ` ` s p ` r j f z j.

@sp`rjfzj pjrj cls mds`rjoc`s, pjrj cls h`s`sp`rjhls, pjrj cls qu`

kuod`s`f p`rhdhl cj mltdvjidùf p j r j vd

vd v d r , p j r j c l s j q u ` g j h l s h `

t r j s t l r f l s ` m l i d l f j c ` s , p jr j cl s j f s d l s l s y j o jt dh l s . @ s p ` r j f z j t j m -

o dä
d ä f p j r j c l s a ` ccdd i `s
` s , p j r j c l s q u ` k u o d ` r ` f t ` f d h l ` c p r d v dc
d c ` b ddll h ` i l f -

q u d s t j r c l s m ê s ` s t r u ` f h l s l s äx
ä x d t l s p ` r l q u ` ` r j f i l f s i d ` f t ` s q u ` ccjj

vdhj, p l r m ê s o`ccj y ` xdtl sj q u ` s`j, `s o r`v ` y `aím `rj.

gYí! Fl slcl cl s m ds`rjoc`s f`i`sdtjf h` `sp`rjfzj sdfl qu`
tjmodäf c l s a ` c di
di ` s, p u ` s p j r j ` s t l s i l m l p j rrjj j q u ` c c l s c l s h í j s

t`rmdfjrêf dbujcm`f t` y fufij m ês v`rêf j cjs p` rsl fj s qu` jm jf, f

fdd

c js
j s a ccll r ` s h ` c l s i j m p l s , f d l d r ê f ` c i j f t l h ` c l s p ê g j r l s .

C j v d h j , p l r m ê s c jjrr b j q u ` s ` j , t r j f s i u r r ` h ` f t r l h ` u f p ` q u ` ú l

p j r ä f t ` s d s h ` c t d ` m p l . X l h l s c l s m l r t j c ` s f ` i ` s d t j f h ` ` s p ` r j f z j . Cj

` s p ` r j f z j ` r j ` c f u t r dd`` f t ` d f t ` r d l r h ` G u j f . Y l c l ` s l ` x p c di
di j p l r q u ä ,
s d ` f h l j c b u d ` f t j f c c ` f l h ` t j c ` f t l s , k j y j h ` i d h d h l i j m o d j r ``cc o d `f
`f -

` s t j r s l i d j c p l r ccjj s ` q u ` h j h h ` c h ` s d ` r t l .

@ c p l h ` r s ` v d st
s t ddù
ù h ` h u cz
cz u r j

Jc
Jc v ` r j G u j f p j r j c d z j h l , c j m u c t d t u h i j y ù ` f u f j o s l c u t l y t l tj c

s dc `f i dl . F l ` f t ` f h í j f q u ä ` s t j o j l i u r r d ` f h l , s l c l s j o íj f q u ` , h ` r `-

p`ft`, `c rlstrl h` jqu`c klmor` vjc`rlsl kjoíj trjfsalrmjhl `f `c

r l s tr
t r l h ` u f f d ú l . ^ j r ` i ííjj q u ` ` s t j o j v d v d ` f h l ``cc m l m ` f t l m ê s a `c
`c d z

h` su vdh
hjj .

C j m d r j h j h ` G ` s ÷ s , p ` f ` t r j f t ` ` d f i l fa u f h do c `, t r j f s a l r m ù ` f G u jf

s u s j ú l s h u r l s v d v d h l s ` f ` c h ` s d ` r t l , ` f u f l j s d s . J c v l ccvv ` r j k jjoo c jr
jr ,

G u j f i j m o d ù `c h d s i u r s l . H ` g ù h ` i l m ` f t j r c j s m d s ` r d j s , c j s k d p l i r ` -

síjs, `c jp`bl j cj ajmj, cj `stupdh`z h`c plh`r, cjs arjbdcdhjh`s, cjs

j r r l b j f i d j s k u m j f j s . H ` p u s l ` c t l f l h ` l s j h í j . Ä cc,, q u ` k j o í j h j h l j c

M ` s í j s j f u f i d j h l u f s t j tu s m j y l r q u ` `c q u ` s ` h j o j j c ` m p ` r j h l r

r l m j f l , j k l r j ` s t j o j p ` r p c ` g l . CCjj m j f s ` h u m o r ` h ` G ` s ÷ s c l i l f -

tjbdù. Kjoíj s`r`f dhjh `f su `xpr`sdùf, jm jodcdhjh `f su s jitls. @

@cc

p l h ` r s ` v d s t d ù h ` h u c z u r j y m j f s ` h u m o r ` , u f j p j r j h l g j q u ` k j o r íj
íj

h ` j i l m p j ú j r t l h j c j v d h j h ` G ` s ÷ s . M ê s t j r h ` , r ` vv`` cj
cj rí j u f p l h ` r q u `

f u f i j k l m o r ` j c b u f l c c ` b ù j t ``f
f `r , p `r l, jc m d s m l t d ` m p l , h ` -
m l s t r j r íj ufj jmjodcdhjh fu fij v ds tj . ^ r l f u f i ddjj r í j s`rm lf` s
d m p l f ` f t `s , p ` rl s u i j p j id h j h h ` i l m p r ` f s d ù f y i l m p j s d ù f j ci j f -

zjríj fdv`c`s dfdmjbdfjoc`s.

Gujf p`ridodù, j u f q u ` p jridjcm `ft`, cls i l f tr j st` s q u ` ijrjit`rd-

z j r íj
íj f ` c q u ` k j i ` r h ` G ` s ÷ s . D m p r ` s d l f j h l , h dg l u f j a r j s ` p l ä t di j , f l

s l o r ` `c p l h ` r h ` G ` s ÷ s s d f l s l o r ` s u i j p j i d h j h h ` j m j r y h ` ` ft r `b j 7

« K ` j q u í ``cc I l r h ` r l h ` H d l s , q u ` q u d tj
t j ``cc p ` i j h l h ` c m u f h l µ ( Gu Gu jf
: . ? 4 ) . @ c k l m o r ` h ` q u d ` f f l ` r j h d b f l h ` h ` s j t j r c j i l r r ` j h ` c ij
ij c z j -

h l ` r j u f I l r h ` r l m j f s l q u ` m l r d r í j p l r ääcc y p l r t l h l ` c m u f h l .

¡ Z u ä i l f tr j s t` ! K ` m l s ` s t u h d j h l cjs p ` r s l f j c dh j h ` s h ` k l m o r ` s

a j m l s l s i l m l A r ``u
u h, Q j f B l b k , Kdtc`r , p ` r l f j h d ` ` s tj f h
hdd a ííii dc
dc h `

s ` r d f v ` s t d b j h l i l m l G ` s ÷ s . A u ` r l f f ` i ` s j r d l s v ` ddf
ft` jú ls h` `xkju s-

t ddvv j p ` s q u d s j j i ` r i j h ` c p r l i ` s l h ` i l f s t r u i i d ù f h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s

p j r j p l h ` r ` f t ` f h ` r uf
u f p l i l c j s ` f t r ` t ` ccjj s h ` s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h .

@ c i j m o d l ` f `c
` c h d s i u r s l h ` G u j f i l f a u f h d ù j ccjj s b ` f t ` s . F l ` rrjj f

`s js cj s pjcjorjs qu` c j m u c ttdd t u h `sp`rjo j lír iuj fh l Gujf c `s

`s

s ` ú j c j r j j c I r d s ttll . M ê s o d ` f p j r ` i í j f ` s p ` r j r q u ` h d g`
g ` r jj77 « K ` j k í `c

p l h ` r l s l r `y
` y q u ` l s c d o`
o ` rt
r t jr
jr ê h ` _ l m j µ . M ` p l f b l ` f cj
cj s d t u j i d ù f

h` `s js p`rs lfj s suardhjs qu` t`fíjf qu` sji jr `c pjf h` cj olij h`

cl s k dg ls p j r j p j b j r cl s d m p u ` s t l s j _ l m j . Y ` b u r j m ` f t ` y l m ` k u -

o d`
d` r j s ` f t d h l m u y a r u s t r j h l .

C j s b ` f t ` s ` s t j o j f i l f a u f h d h j s y s ` s ` f t í j f p ` r h d h j s. G j m ê s jc-

b u d ` f k j o íj h d i k l q u ` u f k l m o r ` ` rj u f il r h ` r l . F j h j p l h í j s l f j r

m ê s r jr
j r ll.. @ s m ê s , g j m ê s f j h d ` k j o ííjj h d i k l q u ` u f k l m o r ` s ` t rj
r j sa
s a llrr 

m j r í j ` f `c
` c I l r h ` r l h ` H d l s q u ` c ddoo ``rr tj
tj r í j jc m u f h l h ` s u s m d s ` r d j s .

Cj b`f t` qu`ríj s`bur dhjh, c ddoo ` rt

rt jh y il m dhj `f cj m ` s j . Fl

s l p l r t j o j f c j j r r l b j f i d j h ` c l s s l c h j h l s r l m j f l s . Z u ` r í j f s ` r cd
c d o r`
r` s
p j r j j f h j r , k jo
j o ccjj r,
r , i l r r`
r ` r , p ` r l G ` s ÷ s c `s
`s h
hdd r ííjj q u ` s d ` c s ` r k u m j f l f l
` s c do
d o rr`` h ` f t r l h ` s í , g j m ê s c l s ` r ê ` x t ` r f j m ` f t ` . C l q u ` q u ` r í j f ` r j

u f j f j c b ä s d i l p j r j j ccdd vd
v d jr
j r ` c s í f t l m j , p ` r l G ` s ÷ s c ` s h j r í j ``cc r ` m ` h d l

q u ` i l m o j t d r í j ccjj i j u s j h ` c j ` f a ` r m ` h j h . @ c ccll s q u ` r ííjj f u f r ` ddf

fl t`m -

plrjc, p`rl äc c`s pr`s`ftjríj uf r`dfl `t`rfl.

^`rl G`s÷s j÷f f l k j oí j k jo c jh l . F j h d ` l s j o j dmjbdfjrs` qu`

k j o cj
c j r ííjj h ` p r l p u ` s t j s q u ` s j i u h d r í j f jjcc m u f h l . @ c k l m o r ` h ` c llss
s u ` ú l s h ` G u j f p r l v l i ù , ` f ` c p r d m ` r m l m ` f t l , u f j b r j f a rruu s ttrr j i d ù f .

F l ` r j ``cc k l m o r ` q u ` ` s t j o j ` f ccjj a j f t j s í j h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s .

Pf klmor` slrpr`fh`ft`

H ` s p u ä s q u ` Gu j f c l k u o l p r ` s` f tj h l , t l h l s ` s p ` r j o j f q u ` G ` s ÷ s

p r l f u f i d j j u f b r j f s ` r m ù f . ^ ` r l ääcc , l p t j f h l p l r ` c ssdd c ` f i d l , ` f t r ù ` f

c jjss j b u j s h ` c G l r h ê f p j r j i u m p c d r ` c r ddtt u
ujj c s d m o ù c d i l h ` c o j u t d s m l .

H ` g j r í j h ` s ` r ` c i j r p d f t ` r l h ` F j z j r ` t , i j m o d j r í j s u k l g j h ` r u ttjj h ` -

s p u ä s h ` t r`
r ` df
d f ttjj c j r b l s j ú l s h ` ` s p ` r j p j r j s ` r ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` -

s t r l s , `c
` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j s @ m l i d l f ` s , ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j , ``cc M j ` s t r l

h ` c J m l r . @ f s ` ú j r í j j c m u f h l j vvdd v d r .

Gu j f r ` k u s ù o jutdzjrcl. ^ ` f s j o j sdf h u h j q u ` uf r`y f l p u ` h `

k u m d c c j r s ` j f t ` u f s ÷ o h d t l . ^ ` r l ` c r ` y s ` k u m d c c ù , ` f u f j j i ttdd tu
tu h

p j r j h l g j c q u ` k j o r í j h ` r ` p ` t d r ss`` p l r ``cc r ` s t l h ` s u v dh
d h jj..

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c llss M j ` s t r l s f l o u s i ù i l f v ` f i ` r j c j m u c t d tu
tu h h ` s u

d h ` f td
t d h j h . H ` k j o ` r c l k ` i k l , s ddf
f h u h j q u ` c j k j o r íj d m p r ` s d l f j h l ,

p ` r l s ` i j c cù
cù . M u i k l s i l f t r j t j f j i l m u f d i j h l r ` s p j r j q u ` c ` s ` s -

i r d o j f ` c l b d l s ` f c js
j s p ê b d f j s s l i d j c ` s . ^ ` r l G ` s ÷ s j p r ` i d j o j ``cc j f l f -

dmjtl. Gujf qu`hù mjrjvdccjhl ilf su kumdchjh, p`rl cj muctdtuh

q u ` h ù i l f a u f h d h j . @ c i k l q u ` a u ` d f ` v d t j o c`
c` . @
@cc s u ` ú l h ` j q u ` c c j s p ` r -
s l f j s k j o í j s j ct j h l `f p ` h j z l s .
 G ` s ÷ s h ` F j z jr ` t ` f t` f h íj h ` m j h ` r j s y h` icj vl s p ` rl pjr`iíj fl

t`f`r sjodhuríj pjrj jtrj`r j cjs p`rslfjs5 sdf `mojrbl iujfhl

i l m ` f z ù j k jjoo ccjj r,
r, t l h l s q u ` h j r l f p ` r p c ` g l s . @ s t j o j f l y ` f h l j u f l

h ` c l s m ê s b r j f h ` s l r j h l r ` s h ` t l h l s c ls
l s t d ` m p l s . @c v j c l r y c j b ` f -

t d c`
c ` z j s ` ` f t r ` c j z j o j f ` f s u l r j ttll r d j . _ j r j m ` f t ` j c b u d ` f aau
u` tjf s` f-

s d o c`
c ` y vj
vj c d` f t ` ` f `c t ` r r ` f l h ` cj i ` f s u r j . @ x p r ` s j r s ` i l f t r j `c s d s -
t ` m j p l ccíí t d il
il g u h í l ` r j, ` f t l f i ` s , tj f p ` c db r l s l i l m l k j o c j r k l y i l f -

t r j i u j c q u d ` r h d i t j h l r ` f `c
` c p l h ` r . C j d f tt`` c db
d b ` f i ddjj h ` G ` s ÷ s ` r j j s l m -

o r l s j . K j o c j o j i l f c l s l g l s y i l f c j s p j c j o r j s . F j h d ` s ` r ` s d s t í j j ssu
u

` f i j f t l . M j r j v d c c j o j j m ` r ` t r d i ` s ` d f t`
t ` c ` it
i t u j cc`` s , j m l r d o u f h l s y j

j o j t dh l s . Y u s p j cj o r j s d f i l m l h j o j f t j f t l q u ` p r l v l i j o j f `c l h d l h `

c l s a j r d s ` l s . H ` s p u ä s q u ` ``cc M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s j p j r ` i d ù , c l s

d f t`
t ` c ` iitt u j c`
c ` s , q u ` a l r m j o j f u f j p j r t ` d m p l r t j f t ` h ` c j s l i d ` h j h c li
l i jc
jc ,

s` sdftd`rlf h`odcdtjhls.

J p ` s j r h ` l h d j r c l , c l s a j r d s ` l s d o j f i l f ä c j h l f h ` q u d ` r j q u ` äc

a u ` r j p j r j o ` o ` r u f p l i l h ` s u d f t r d b j f t ` s j o d h u r í j . I l f a r ` i u ` f i d j cc``

pr`buftjojf7 « d Z u d äf ` r` s t ÷< 3 K j s tj i u ê f h l h` gj rê s f u` str js

m `ft`s `f su sp` fs l< µ ^ ` r l i u j f t l m ê s p r ` b u f t j o j f , m ê s ` r j f vvíí i -

t d m j s h ` cj h u h j .

@ cc
c c ls
ls q u` r íj f s ` ú j c ` s , k ` i k l s m d c j b r l s l s , i l m l cj s ` p j r j i d ù f h `

c js
j s j b u j s h ` c m j r _ l g l . ^ ` r l ` c M j ` s t r l q u ` r í j j o r d r c ` s c js
js v ` f t j f j s h `

c j d f t `c
` c ddbb ` f iidd j . C l s a j r d s ` l s c c ` b j o j f s d ` m p r ` j f t ` s l h ` s p u ä s h ` c l s

jilft`i dmd`ftl s s l o r ` f j t u r j c ` s. Fu fij cl ` f t ` f hd ` r l f , pu `s fl

k j o c j o j f ` c c ` f b u j g ` h ``cc i l r j z ù f , ` s ` d h d l m j j t r j v ä s h ` c q u ` s ` ` x -

p r ` s j u f j m ` f t ` m u c t d a l i j c , j o d ` r t jj,, ccdd oorr ` . @f

@ f ` c h í j h ` k llyy , G ` s ÷ s

r ` ÷ f ` j o d cccc l f ` s h ` j h m d r j h l r ` s , p ` r l s d b u ` s d ` f h l u f b r j f h ` s i l f l -
idhl.
 d C l br j u s t ` h i l m p r ` f h ` r c l < X r j tj r h ` i l f l i ` r c l ` s `c m j y l r h ` -

s j a í l h ` c j i d ` f i d j . ¡ @ s c j m j y l r j v ` f t u r j h ` c j d f tt`` c ddbb ` f i ddjj !

H d si
s i ííp
p u cl
c l s h ` s i j c d r6
r6 i j h l s p j r j t r j f s m d td
td r u f s u ` ú l

G ` s ÷ s h ` s ` j o j t` f ` r h d si íp u cl s pjrj r` v`cjrc`s cls m ds t ` r dl s h ` cj vd-

h j 5 c c ` vjv j r ccll s j i l f l i ` r c l s s ` i r ` t l s h ` c j ` x d s tt`` f i d j , s ` i r ` t l s q u ` c l s

a d c ù s l a l s , ccjj i j s t j m ê s s ` h d ` f t j h ` p ` f s j h l r ` s , s d ` m p r ` s l ú j r l f

i l f l i ` r . G ` s ÷ s j f k ` c j o j j i t u j r ` f ccjj u r h d m o r ` h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h `

u f p ` q u ` ú l b r u p l h ` s ` b u d h l r ` s y c cc`` v j r cl
c l s j d f i ` f h ddjj r ``cc m u f h l i l f

s u s d h ` j s y s u p r l yy`` i ttll .

Z u ` r í j ` s i u c p d r ` f ` c c l s ` c j r t ` h ` p ` f s j r , h ` ccjj t l c ` r j f i d j , h ` c j s l c d -

h j r d h j h , h ` c p ` r h ù f , h ` c j i j p j i d h j h h ` p l f ` r s ` ` f ` c c u b j r h ` c l tr
t r ll,,

h `c
` c j m l r , h ` c j t r j f q u d c d h j h . µ I ù m l i l f s ` b u d r j h ` p t l s q u ` i l f a dj
d j r jjf
f

` f ä c s d f u s j r p r ` s d ù f s l i d j c < ¼ I ù m l j o r d r c js
js v ` f t j f j s h ` c j m ` f t ` h `

s u s s ` b u d h l r ` s , s d f i l f t r l c j r c l s < ^ j r j u f r ` y ` s a êêii dc
d c h l m d f j r j ccjj s

p ` r s l f j s y s l m ` t ` r c j s j ssu
u v l c u f t j h . ^ ` r l G ` s ÷ s , i l f t r j t l h j c ùb
ù b di
di j,

u s j o j c j s ` f s d o d c ddh
h j h y ccjj s ` r ` f d h j h p j r j j c i j f z j r s u s l o g ` t d v l ss..

Jc
Jc M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j f l c ` s ` r í j aê i d c j c i j f z j r s u s l o g ` t d v l s . X ` f -

h rí
rí j q u ` i l f v ` f i ` r j c j s p ` r s l f j s p j r j q u ` s ` h ` h d i j rj f j uf p r l y `i -

t l d f v ds
d s d oocc ` . K j o c j o j s l o r ` u f r ` d f l h ` p j z , g u s t d i ddjj y j cc`` b r í j p ` r l ` rrjj

u f r ` d f l d f t j f b do
d o c ` , f l p j c p j o c ` , ` r j u f r ` d f l f l h ` ` s t j t dd`` r rrjj s d f l h `

cls id`cls.

T kjoíj ltrls p rlo c`m js brjv`s, d J q u d ä f ` s ` c ``bb d r ííjj p j r j q u ` c l

s d b u d ` r j f < 3 I ù m l j t r j ` rríí j j s u s h d s i í p u c l s < X

Xjj c v ` z f l c l p ` r i d o j m l s ,

p ` r l G ` s ÷ s t ` f í j m u i k l s m l t d v l s p j r j aajj c c j r .

C j u f d v ` r s j cd
c d h j h h ` c j v d h j 7 cj
c j b r j f t j r`
r` j
 C j p s d i l c l b í j y c j s i d ` f i d j s h ` c j ` h u i j i d ù f f l s ` k j f h l o c j h l j c ls
ls

p d ` s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` ccll s M j ` s t r l s s l c l p l r q u ` f l cl
c l i l f l i ` f . Y d ccll

ilflid`rjf, dficudríjf `f sus t`mjs h` `stuhdl cj `sp`itjiucjr psd-

i l c l b í j y c j p ` h j b l b í j h ` c m j y l r p ` f s j h l r h ` c j k ds
d s tl
t l r d j.
j.

@c M j ` s t r l h ` s ` j o j a l r m j r p ` f s j h l r ` s ` f c j b r j f u f d v ` r s d h j h h ` c j

vdhj, u f j u f dv ` rsdh j h h l f h ` m u i k l s id`ftíadils ` df t` c` ituj c` s sl f

p ` q u ` ú l s j c u m f l s . C j u f d v ` r s d h j h i c ê ssdd i j a l r m j , i l f ` x i ` p i d l f ` s , j

k l m o r ` s ` b l í s t j s ` d f m j h u r l s . _ j r j m ` f t ` j c b u d`
d` f h d i` 7 « @f m d a j i-

u ct
c t j h j p r ` f h í j s ` r s j o d l , j j m j r j c j v ddh
h j , j s u p ` r j r i l f a c di t l s y j s ` r

slcdhjrdl µ .

Cj ufdv`rsdhjh h`alrmj j cls jcumfls, slalij cj ir`jtdvdhjh, jpjbj

` c j r t ` h ` c j h u h j , h ` s t r u y ` c j l s j h í j y c j s `f
` f i d c cc`` z , r l o j h ` ` cccc l s c l

m ` g l r q u ` td
td ` f` f . C l s g ù v ` f ` s s l f ` f t r ` f j h l s p j r j u s j r c j m ` m l r d j

i l m l h ` p ù s d t l s h ` ddf
f a l r m j i d ù f , p ` r l f l p j r j p `f s jr , p j rj t `f ` r s u -

t d c`
c` z j , p ` r s p d i j i d j , s`bur dhjh, lsj híj. _ ` i d o` f hdp clm js, p`rl fl

s j o d h u r í j . Y j o ` f k j o ccjj r h ` t ` m j s c ù b d i l s , p ` r l t r l p d ` z j f ` f c js
js p ` -

q u ` ú j s h d a di u c tj h ` s ` m l i d l f j c ` s .

@c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j q u ` r í j a l r m j r p ` f s j h l r ` s q u ` i l f l i d ` r j f `c

j c aj o ` t l h` c j m l r . I r `y ù ` f ` c s ` r k u m j f l . I r ` y ù `f i j h j u f l h `

f l s l t r l s , j p ` s j r h ` t l h j s f u ` s t r j s a j c cj
c j s.
s . K l f r ù j p ` r s l f j s s ddf
f klf -

r j y h d g l j c p j r j c í ttdd i l h ` c i u ` r p l y h ` c j d f t ` c d b ` f i d j 7 « ¡X÷ p u ` h ` s ! µ .

J m ù j cl s q u ` f l cl j m j r l f . Y ` ` f t r ` b ù j q u d ` f ` s f l cl m ` r ` i í j f .

Yd u s t ` h s d `f t ` q u ` s ` ` q u d v l i j i l f a r `i u ` fi d j, q u ` t d` f ` m u i k l s

i l f a c d i t l s y q u ` i j r ` i ` h ` i u j c d h j h ` s d f t ` c ` i t u j cc`` s p j r j o rrdd cc
c c jr
j r j a ` i td
td v j

y p r l a ` s d l f j c m ` f t ` , f l s ` h ` s j f d m ` . Yd ` s t u v d ` r j v d v d ` f h l i ` r i j h`c

M j r h ` B j c dc
dc ` j, p r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` s `r íj u f l h ` c l s ` s i l b d h l s p j r j s ` b u d r
j G`s÷s. Äc j p r ` i d j o j ` s p ` i d j c m ` f t ` j c j s p ` r s l f j s p r l o c ` m ê t d i j s .
M d ` f t r j s m ê s t r l p ` z j r j f y h d` r jf t r j oj g l, m ê s c j s jp r ` i d jo j y m ê s s `

l i u p j o j h ` ` c c js
js .

Q`jmls iùm l y j q u däf` s `sil bdù i l m l su prdm `r b ru p l h`

s`budhlr`s.
 ? | PF J DFQ DXJIDÙF DFYÙCDXJ,

P F C C J M J H L D _ _ @ Y DY X DO C @

^ ` q u ` ú l s m l m ` f t l s q u ` i j m o d j f u f j k ddss tl
tl rd
rdj

C j vd
v d h j ` s t ê k ` i k j h ` i d r i u f s t j f i d j s . ^ ` q u ` ú l s h ` ttjj c cc`` s p u ` h ` f i j m -

o dj
dj rc ` `c h ` s t d f l j i u j c q u d ` r j . J c b u d ` f s ` r ` t r js j j c b u f l s m d f u t l s ` f
c c`
c ` b j r j u f i l m p r l m d s l , y s u r ` t r j s l c l cccc `v` v j j i l f l i ` r j ccjj p ` r s l f j

q u ` t ` r m d f j r ê s d ` f h l ` c k l m o r ` l c j m u g ` r h ` s u v dh
dh j.

H u r j f t` j ú l s , u f j m d b l m í l t u v l q u ` s l p l r t j r j u f i l m p j ú ` r l h `

t r j o j gl
gl j f s d l s l y hdaíidc, i l f t r l c ê f h l s ` i l f s t j f t ` m ` f t ` p j r j f l m j f d -

a ` s t j r s u d rrrr ddtt jjii dù

dù f. P f h í j f l p u h l m ê s y r ` j i i d l f ù i l f p j c j o r j s

hurjs. Jc hjrs` iu`ftj h` su `rrlr, fl huhù `f hdsiucpjrs`. Au`rlf

hd`z s`bufhls h` kumdccjidùf qu` hd`rlf lrdb`f j vífiucls qu` júls

h ` tr
t r j o j g l f l k j o í j f p r l h u i d h l . J p jr
j r td
td r h ` ` f t l f i ` s a u ` r l f b r j f h ` s

jmdbls.

P f o ` s l ` f cj
c j m ` ggdd cc
cc j h ` u f j p ` r s l f j j q u d ` f j m j p u ` h ` k j i ` r m d cj -

b r l s . Z u d z ê s ` f j cb ÷ f m l m ` f t l c j l a ` f h d ù s df h j r s ` i u ` f t j, p ` r l ` s `

s ` f i d cc
c c l o ` s l t u v l c j v d rrtt u h h ` s j f j r u f j k ` r d h j q u ` s ` m j f t ` f í j

j o d ` r t j . ^ r l h u g l j a ` i t l , h ` s t j p ù c j ` m l i d ù f , h ` v l c v d ù c j jjcc `b
` b r íj
íj .

C l s q u ` h ` s p r ` i d j f c j s p ` q u ` ú j s i d r i u f s t j f i d j s h d a í i ddcc m ` f tt`` k j r ê f

brjf h`s h`siuordm d`ftls. M lm `f tls jpjr`ft`m `ft` ddf

f s db
d b f d a ddii j f t ` s

i j m o d j f b r j f h ` s r u t j ss.. Y d u s t ` h q u d ` r ` ` s i r d o d r u f j o ` c cj
c j k d s t lr
lr d j h`

s u v d h j, f l l c v dh ` q u ` c l s p ` q u ` ú l s h ` t jc c` s d f j u b u r j f b r j f h ` s i j p í -

tucls.

A u ` cl q u ` l i u r rd ù k j i ` m u i k l s s d b c l s ` f c j v dh j h ` j c b u f l s k l m -

o r ` s q u ` v dv
d v ííjj f i ` r i j h ``cc M j r h ` B j c d c ` j . ^ ` q u ` ú l s m l m ` f t l s i j m -
odjrlf sus vdhjs, y `ccls ijmodjrlf cj kdstlrdj y fu`strj alrmj h` v`r
cj `xdst`fidj.

Cj k u m j f d h j h f u f i j m ê s a u ` cj m d s m j . Q ` j m l s q u ä s u i` h dù .

C j p ` r s l f j c dh
d h j h i l f s t ru
ru d h j o j g l ` c a r j b l r h ` c j s l f h j s

J c b u f l s k l m o r ` s , j ÷ f g ù v ` f ` s , q u ` v d v íj f i ` r i j h ` u f m j r h ` rjrj

o ` cc
c c ` z j i r ` i d ` r l f l y ` f h l ``cc m u r m u c c l h ` c j s j b u j s . @ c v d ` f t l j i j r dd--
i d j o j c j s u p ` r a ddii d ` h ` c m j r , c ` v j f t j f h l ` c ` s p ` g l h ` j b u j y a l r m j f h l

l c j s ` f u f ` s p ` i t ê i u c l s ddf
f a ddf
f. H ` s h ` q u ` ` r j f f d ú l s k j o íj f h d s a r u -

t j h l g u b j f h l ` f ccjj j r ` f j , a j m d c d j r d z ê f h l s ` i l f ` c m jr
jr .

J s í kjoíj trjfsiurrdh l su vdhj. Y u s j o u ` cl s kjoíjf sdh l p ` si jh l r`s,

s u s p j h r ` s ` r j f p ` s i j h l r ` s y ` cc
c c llss s ` r í j f p ` s i j h l r ` s y s d f h u h j q u `

k j o r í jf
jf h ` m l r dr i l m l p ` s i j h l r ` s . Y u h ` s t df l ` s t j o j t r j z j h l . Y u

m u f h l ` r j ` c M j r h ` B j c d cc`` j . 3 Y u s s u ` ú l s < J v ` f t u r j s , l c j s ` d f i u r -

s d l f ` s m j r j h ` f t r l . I u j f h l c j p ` s i j ` r j ` s i j s j , cj v d h j s ` t l r f j o j j r -

huj.

C j f z j r y r ` i l b ` r cj s p ` s j h j s r ` h ` s ` r j ` x t` f u j f t` . H ` s p u ä s h ` cjs

c j r b j s g l r f j h j s h ` t r j o j g l , c l s m ÷ s i u c l s s ` r ` s ` f t í j f . Y l p l r t j r ``cc

v d` f t l y cj au r dj h ` cj s l c j s h u r j f t ` t l h j cj f l i k ` f l ` r j t r j o j g l p j r j

i u j c q u d ` r j . T c l p ` l r , a r ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` ``cc r ` s u c t j h l ` r j a r u s t r j f t ` . J v ` -

i`s fl p `sijo jf f j h j . J c r` b r` sj r , h ` s j f d m j h l s y i j o d z o j gl s , r ` -

i l f l i í j f ` c a r j i j s l 7 c j s r ` h ` s ` s t j o j f c d v d j f jjss y ` c i l r j z ù f p ` s j h l .

I u j f h l c j s i l s j s s j c ííjj f m j c , c ` s h ` s j b r j h j o j ` s j a l r m j h ` v ddh
h jj..

X l h l s cl s h í js c js m d s m j s p ` r s l f j s , c l s m d s m l s l o s t ê i u cl s , c js m d s -

m j s d f s `b u r d hj h ` s . @
@ff ccll s m l m ` f t l s h ` m j y l r h ` s ê f d m l s ` p r l -

p l f í j f h ` g j r t l h l j q u ` c c l . ^ ` rrll y j k j o í j f ` s i u i k j h l j s u s p j h r ` s h d -

i d ` f h l c j m d s m j i l s j , y f j h j k j o í j i j m o d j h l f d f j h j i j m o d j r ê . @c
` f l g l s u r b ` i u j f h l k j y a r u s t r j i d ù f , p ` r l s ` h d s d p j j f t ` ccjj r ``jj c ddh
hjh. @
@ff
j q u ` c c j ä p l i j s l o r ` v d v d r ` f D sr
s r j`
j ` c ` r j h da
d a ííii ddcc . J r r d ` s b j r s ` p j r j i j m o d j r

h ` v d h j ` r j i j s d u f h ` cd
c d r ddll .

^`hrl, `c mjylr, s` ijsù sd`fhl j÷f glv`f. Kjoíj h`mlstrjhl s`r

uf k l m o r ` h ` i dh d h l . J u f q u ` r ` i c j m j r j i u j f h l cj p ` s i j ` r j m j c j , s u

p l r i d ù f h ` a r u s t r j i d ù f f l ` r j s u a d i d`
d` f t ` p j r j h ` g j r c j s r ` h ` s . Y u k ` r -

m j f l J f h r ä s ` r j m ê s h d s i r ` t l y t ím d h l . ^ r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` cl s h l s
m l r d r í j f s d ` f h l p ` s i j h l r ` s . Y j o í j f q u ` ccjj m d s ` r d j ` rrjj c j i l f s ` -

i u ` f i d j m ê s ` v d h ` f t ` h ` u f p u ` o c l h l m d f j h l p l r `c D m p ` r d l _ l -

m j f l . C j s f j i d l f ` s s l g u z b j h j s h ` o í j f s l s t ` f ` r c j p ` s j h j m j q u d f j r ddjj

h ` _ l m j , i l f s u o u r l i r j i d j y s u s ` g äärr i ddtt l s.
s.

@ f c j m d s m j p c j y jj,, f l m u y c ` g l s h ` j c c í , l t r l s h l s g ù v ` f ` s , G j i l o l y

Gujf, j yu h jo j f j su pjhr`, W ` o ` h ` l , j r ` m ` f h j r cjs r` h`s. W ` o ` h ` l

` r j u f g u h í l p r ù s p ` r l . X ``f
f íj
í j o j r i l s y t r j o j g j h l r ` s . ^ ` r l , j ccll q u `

p j r ` i ` , cj
c j o j s ` h ` c j ` h u i j i d ù f h ` c ls
l s k d g l s v ` f ííjj h ` ccjj m j h r ` q u dd`` f

` r j u f j m u g ` r v j cd
c d ` f t`
t ` , h ` j q u ` c c j s q u ` j c d ` f ttjj f c j s j m o d i d l f ` s c ` b í-
í-

tdmjs h` `stj vdhj. @rj ufj guhíj ajsidfjft` qu` klfrjoj cj trjhdidùf

q u ` p ` r m j f ` i ` v d v j k j s t j k l y 7 «3 P f k l m o r ` s l c l ` s g u h í l sd
sd s u m j h r `

` s g u h íj
íj µ . C j a u ` r z j h ` u f j m j h r ` ` s d m o j t d o cc`` 5 i l f u f j m j f l j i j r d -

i dj
d j ``cc r l s t r l h ` c l s k d g l ss,, i l f c j l t r j h d r d b ` s u s i l r j z l f ` s y m u ` v ` ``cc

mufhl.

@ccj qu`ríj qu` sus kdgls ordccjrjf. Xjc v`z slújoj ilf c`vjftjr cj

m j y l r ` m p r ` s j h ` p ` s i j h ` B j c d c`
c` j . J u f q u ` j m o d i d l s l s , G j i l o l y

G u j f p l s ` í j f u f j i u c t u r j q u ` f l c `s p ` r m d t í j p ` f s j r m u i k l m ê s jccê

h ` o j r i l s , r ` h ` s y p ` i ` s . C j ` s t r u i t u r j ` m p r ` s j r d j c a jm
j m d cd
c d j rr,, p l r cl
cl

t j f tl
t l , c c`
c ` vvjj r ííjj j ` s l s h l s g ù v ` f ` s j s ` b u d r s u ÷ f d i l h ` s t d f l 7 c j p r l a ` -

s d ù f h ` c p j h r ` . Y ` b u d r l t r l i j m d f l k j o r í j s d h l u f j c li
l i ur
ur j.
W ` o ` h ` l y su
su ` s p l s j c l s j i l f s ` g j o j f i l f s t j f t ` m ` f t ` 7 « Flsltrls
t r j o j g j m l s m u i k l p j r j c cc`` b j r j h l f h ` c c ` b j m l s . ¡ I u d h j h l ! P s t ` h ` s

p u ` h ` f p `r h` rcl t l h l . K j y m d c` s h ` p ` r s l f j s m u r d ` f h l h ` k j m o r ` .

G j m ê s j o j f h l f ` f `c f ` b l i d l h ` s u p j h r ` . Q d v d m l s t d ` m p l s h d aíi dc `s.

¡ J k l r rr`` f ! ^ r ` l i ÷ p ` f s ` h ` r ` p j r j r c j s r ` h ` s µ .

H í j j h íj
íj , G j i l o l y G u j f ` s i u i k j o j f c l s i l f s ` g l s s j o d l s h ` s u s

p j h r ` s . ^ l r cl
cl t j ft l, ` r j p l i l p r l o j o c ` q u ` s ` m ` t d ` r j f ` f p r l o c ` m j s .
C j p j c j o r j j v ` f t u r j f l ` s t j o j ` f s u h d i i d l f j r dl , ¼ _ d ` s b l s < Y l c l j q u ` -

c ccll s q u ` ``cc m j r l i u c t j o j .

^ ` h r l , J f h r ä s , G j i l o l y G u j f s ` b u í j f c j ttrr j h ddii d ù f h ` s u s p j h r ` s .

Ir`íjf `f uf H d l s q u ` k j o í j i r ` j h l ` c i d ` c l y c j t d ``rr r jj.. P f H d l s

d f j c i j f z j o c ` j c q u ` h ` o í j f t ` m ` r y r ` vv`` r ``f
f i ddjj r . P f H d l s q u ` ` s t j o j j

j ú l s cu z h ` cj s j f b u s td j s , f ` i ` s d h j h ` s y j f s d ` h j h ` s k u m j f j s .

@ cc
c c ls
l s f l t ` f í j f p l r q u ä p j s j r ccjj s d f q u d ` t u h ` s j i ` r i j h ` c l s m d s t ` -

r d l s h ` c j v d h j . C j aajj c ttjj h ` d f s t r u i i d ù f y ``cc t r j o j g j r p l r c j s l o r ` v d v ` f i d j

f l c ls
l s ` s t d m u c j o j j b r j f h ` s v u ` c l s d f tt`` c ` iitt u j cc`` s . F l t ` f í j f ccjj m ê s

mífdmj dh`j slor` cls s`ir`tls h` cj `xdst`fidj kumjfj. X`fíjf `c

p ` f s j m d ` f t l ` f t ` f ` o r ` i d h l j s í i l m l c l t d`
d` f `f k l y cj s p ` r s l f j s q u `

s l f ` s i c j v j s h ` c js
js p r ` s d l f ` s s l i d j c ` s h ` c m u f h l m l h ` r f l . Q
Qdd v d r ,

p j r j ` cc
c c l ss,, ``rr j u f a ` f ù m ` f l i l m ÷ f , y f l u f j j v ` f t u r j ` xxii dt
d t jjf
f tt`` .

F jh j p j r ` iiíí j ijp jz h` mlhdadijr sus h `stdfls. ^ ` rl jilft`i-

dmd`ftls jpjr`ft` m `ft` d f s d b f ddaa d i j f t ` s i j m o d j r l f b rjf h`s t r jy ` i -

tlrdjs.

P f j d f v d t j i dù
d ù f p ` r t u ro
ro j h l r j

^ ` h r l y J f h r ä s k j o íj f l í h l i l m ` f t j r d l s s l o r ` c l s h ds i u r s l s h `

G u j f ` c O j u t ds t j . ^ ` r l ` f t r ` c j s d h ` j s h`c k l m o r ` h`c ríl y cj r` jcdh jh

h ` c l s k l m o r ` s h ``cc m j r k j o í j u f ` s p j i d l i j s d d m p l s d o c ` h ` i r u z j r .
I d ` r tl
tl h
híí j , ccll s g ù v ` f ` s p ` s i j h l r ` s ` i k j r l f c j s r ` h ` s ` f l t r l h í j h `

t r j o j g l . F l k j o í j f j h j h d a ` r ` f t`
t ` ` f ` c j m o d ` f t ` . C l s ` s p ` r j o j c j a jjtt d -

b j f t ` r u ttdd fj
fj h ` s d ` m p r ` .

H ` p r l f t l , v dd`` r l f j u f j p ` r s l f j h d s ttdd f t j j ccjj s h ` m ê s i j m d f j f h l

p l r c j p cj
cj yj . Y u s p j s l s ` r j f a d r m ` s , j u f q u ` c ` f t l s . Cj d m j b ` f j f t ` s

h d st
s t j f tt`` , s ` j i ` r i ù . C l s p ` s i j h l r ` s h ` t u v d ` r l f s u s q u ` k j i ` r ` s y s `
h`hdijrlf j los`rvjrcl. Jqu`c h` sil fl idhl tjmo däf h`tuvl su mdrjhj

` f ` cc
c c ls
l s . P f t j f t l d f i ù m l h l s , s ` m d r j r l f . @ f t l f i ` s , `c
`c h ` s i l f l i d h l

rlmpdù `c sdc`fidl. Ilf vlz adrm`, c`s kdzl cj prlpu`stj mês josurhj

h` c m u f h l 7 « Y í b j f m ` , y y l c l s k j rä p ` s i j h l r ` s h ` k l m o r ` s µ (Mj-

t`l 8.:4).

Jqu`ccls gù v ` f ` s fu fij kjoíjf l íh l pjcjo rjs q u ` tlijrjf cls s` ir`-

t l s h ` s u s j c m j s . K j o í j f c c ` b j h l j c u b j r ` s h l f h ` c l s p s dq
dq u d j tr j s f l

p l h r í j f . ^ ` f ` t r j r l f ` f s u s ` s p í r ddtt u s y b ` f ` r j r l f u f i u ` s t d l f j m d ` f t l

s l o r ` ` c s d b f d a d i j h l h ` c j v d h j , y p l r c l q u ` v j c ` ccjj p ` f j c ui
ui k
kjj r.
r.

X l h l s h ` o ` r í j m l s , ` f j c b ÷ f m l m ` f t l h ` ccjj ` x ddss t ` f i d j , i u ` s t d l f j r

f u ` s t r j p r l p d j v d h j.
j. Z u d ` f f l c l k j i ` s ` r ê ` s i c j v l h ` s u r u
utt df
d f j,
j, s ` rê

i l f t r l c j h l p l r ``cc cj
c j y f u f i j v ` r ê f j h j m ê s j cc
c c ê h ` c vv`` c l h `c
`c s d s t ` m j .

Qdvdrê p j r j trjojgjr, i u m p cdr l o cd b j i d l f ` s p r l a ` s dl f j c` s , t ` f ` r u f p j -

p ` c s l i d jjcc p ` r l t ` r m d f j r ê s u i u m o d ` f h l ` f `c
` c v j i í l . Q ddvv ddrr ê p j r j s l o r ` -

vd
vdvdr k j s t j cj c c ` b j h j h ` cj m u ` r t ` .

^ ` h r l y J f h r ä s y j t ` f í j f s u v d h j h ` a d f dh
dh j . C j ru td f
fjj h ` c m j r k j o í j

j k l b j h l s u s s u ` ú l s . Y u m u f h l t ` fí j p l i l s e dc ùm ` t rl s . ^ ` rl d f ` sp ` r -

j h j m ` f t ` j p j r ` i d ù j c b l q u ` c `s
` s h ` s p ` r t ù ` c ``ss p íírr ddtt u h ` j v ` f t u r j . G ` s ÷ s

c`s jrr`ojtù `c ilrjzùf ilf ufj prlpu`stj qu` r`vlcuidlfjríj sus

kdstlrdjs.
@ c j f ê c ds
ds d s p s d i l c ù b d i l h ` ` s t ` p j s j g ` d m p r ` s d l f j , p l r q u ` G ` s ÷ s f l
hdl brjfh`s `xpcdijidlf`s slor` su prlpu`stj. Fl kdzl hdsiursls fd

m d c j b r l s . @ f tr ` t j f t l , cj a l r m j i l m l k j o c ù y cj p r l p u ` s t j q u ` k d z l

h ` g j r l f ` f o r j s j s v d v j s ` c t ` r r d t l r ddll h ` c j ` m l i d ù f h ` ^ ` h r l y J f h r ä s .

d Z u d ä f s ` j r r d`
d` s b j r í j j s ` b u d r cl
cl <

G j m ê s jcbud`f k jo íj k `i k l p rl p u ` stj s `m `gj f t` . ^ d`f s` uf p l i l . ¼

Y ` b u d r j q u d ä f < ¼ I u ê c ` s ` r j f c j s i r ` h ` f i d j c ` s h ``cc k l m o r ` q u ` c ``ss k d z l

cj p r l p u ` s t j < ¼ Z u ä d m p c d i j i d l f ` s s l i d j c ` s y ` m l i d l f j c ` s p r l v l i j r í j <

G` s ÷ s `rj uf h ` s i l f l i dh l .5 uf k l m o r ` cc`fl h ` m dst`rdls. F l t`fíj

f j h j i l f i r ` t l q u ` l a r ``ii ` r . ¼ K j o r í j j i ` p t j h l u s t ` h s u l a ` r t j < ¼ K j o r í j

h ` g j h l t l h l p j r j s ` b u d r c l < ¼ K j o r í j h ` g j h l s u r u t df
df j ` x t ` f u j f t ` , p `r l

s ` b u r j p j r j s ` b u d r u f i j m d f l s d f h ` sstt d f l <

G ` s ÷ s f l c`s p r l m ` t d ù p l h ` r . F l c`s p r l m ` t d ù u f i d ` c l sdf t ` m p ` s -

t j h ` s , u f i j m d f l s d f aajj t d b j ss,, l u f j v ddh

h j s ddf
f h l ccll r . Y u s r l p j s ` r j f s ` f -

i d cc
c c j ss,, s u p d`
d` c s ` v ` í j i j s t d b j h j p l r ` c s l cc55 f l t ` f ííjj s ` i r ` t j r d j s f d

h d f ` r l 5 f l k j o í j u f j ` s i l c t j h ` t r ê s h ` ä c y, j h ` m ê s , s ` m l v d c d z j o j j

pd`.

¼ Z u dä
d ä f t ` f h r í j v j c l r p j r j s ` b u d r c l < T , m ê s j ÷ f , ¼ q u ä c cc`` b j r í j f j s ` r

c ls
ls q u ` c l s d b u d ` rj f < ¼ ^ ` s i j h l r ` s h ` k l m o r ` s < ^ ` h r l y J f h r ä s k j oí jf

v d s t l j s u s j o u ` c l s y j s u s p j h r ` s c u i k j f h l i l f `c m j r ` m o r j v ` i d h l .

@ cc
c c ls
ls tjm odäf kjoíjf fjidhl pjrj s`r p` sij hl r`s . ¼ ^`rl s`r

p ` s i j h l r ` s h ` k l m o r ` s < G j m ê s k j oí jf l í h l tjc i l s j . ¼ Z u ä s ` rí j ` s l <

¼ I uê
u ê c s ` rríí j c j a d f j ccdd h j h < ¼ I ù m l s ` k j r í j < YYdd f h u h j q u ` ` r j u f j p r l p -

u ` s t j r j rrjj y j r r d ` s b j h j .

¼ I ù m l k j o r í j r ` j i i d l f j h l u s t ` h j f t ` t j c p r l p u ` s t j < YYdd s ` h ` i d h í j

p l r s ` b u dr j G ` s ÷ s , d m j b í f ` s ` `c t r j s t l r f l q u ` s ` i j u s j r í j j u s t ` h m d s -
m l y j s u s s ` r ` s q u ` r d h l s . ¼ Z u ä ` x p c ddii j i d ù f cc`` s h jjrr í j j s u s p j h r ` s , j
c l s j m d b l s y j c j s l i d ` h j h < X l h l s ` s t j r íj
íj f ` s p ` r j f h l j c b l h ` u s t ` h .

Z u ` a u ` r j s l i dj
d j c y p r l a ` s d l f j c m ` f t ` ` x d t l sl
sl . C j s p ` r s l f j s ` f td ` fh ` f

i d ` r t l s i j m o d l s ` f f u ` s t r j s v ddh
h j s , p ` r l f l u f i j m o d l t j f r j hd
h d ij
i j c.
c.

Y ` b u d r j j q u ` c k l m o r ` j p j r ` i í j i l m l u f j c l i u r j . Y df
df ` m o j r b l , jc ` s -

i u i k j r c j v l z h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s , c l s gù v ` f ` s b j cd c` l s , q u`

f l j m j o j f c l s p ` c d b r l s , ccll j r r d ` s b j r l f t l h l p l r s ` bbu
u d rrcc l.
l.

P f c c j m j h l d r r ``ss ds
d s t ddo
o c`
c`

^ ` h r l y J f h r ä s f l ` f t ` f h í j f q u ä ` r j c l q u ` c ls
ls k j o í j j t r j íh l i l m l

uf d m ê f 5 t j m p l i l p ` f s j r l f ` f c j s i l f s ` i u ` f i d j s h ` s u s k ` ik l s ,

p ` r l f l p u h d ` r l f q u ` h j r s ` m ê s h ` f t r l h ` c o j r il . I u j c q u d ` r o j r il ` s

h ` m j s d j h l p ` q u ` ú l i u j f h l s ` t d ` f ` f s u ` ú l s t j f b r j f h ` s . Yd
Yd p ` s i j r

p`i`s `s u f j t j r ` j b r j ttjj , p ` s i j r k l m o r ` s h ` o í j s `r m u i k l m ê s

` m l i d l f j f t ` . J s í ` s q u ` , s df m ê s t r ê m dt ` , h ` g j rl f `c p j s j h l y a u `r l f

t r j s j q u ` c k l m o r ` j q u d ` f ij s d f l i l f l i í j f .

^ j r j c l s a j m d c d j r ` ss,, j q u ` c c l ` r j u f j c l i u r j . @ s p l s d o c ` q u ` ccjj ` s p l s j

h ` ^ ` h r l , ` f t r ` s l c c l z l s , ` sstt u v d ` r j p r ` b u f t ê f h l s ` h ` q u ä d o j f j v d v d r .

M u i k j s h u h j s y p l i j s ` b u r d h j h 5 sdf ` m o j r b l , ` f cj m ` f t ` h ` ` s l s

p ` s i j h l r ` s k j o íj m u i k l s s u ` ú l s .

Mdfutls h`spuäs, G`s÷s `filftrù j ltrls hls, mês gùv`f`s y mês

d f b ` f u l s . Y ` c c j m j o j f G j i l o l y G u j f . @ s t j o j f j c j l rrdd cc
cc j h ` c m j r

r ` m ` f h j f h l c j s r ` h ` s. J
Jcc c j h l h ` ` c ccll s , ``cc p j h r ` y c l s ` m p c ` j h l s l i u -

p j h l s i l f l t r j s tj r ` j s. H d s i r ` t j m ` f t ` , G ` s ÷ s s ` j p r l x d m ù . G j i l o l y

G u j f j c z j r l f c j v d s t j . Äc c l s m d r ù y c ` s k d z l c j m d s m j ` d f t r d b j f t ` d f -

v d t j i d ù f . F l c l s p ` r s u j h d ù , f l c l s j m ` f j z ù fd c l s p r ` s d l f ù , s l c l c ls

c cj
cj m ù . T « ` c ccll s , h ` g j f h l d f m ` h d j t j m ` f t ` ` c o j r i l y ` c p j h r ` , c l s d b u -
d ` rl
rl f µ ( M j t ` l 8 . ? > ) . P f p ` q u ` ú l m l m ` f t l i j m o d ù s u s v d h js p jr j
sd`mpr`.

W ` o ` h ` l f l p l h í j i r `` r c l q u ` ` st j o j l i u r r d `f h l . C ê b r d m j s r l h jr l f

p l r s u r l s t r l . Y ` p r ` b u f t j o j , ssdd f h j r i l f c j r ` s p u ` s t j , p l r q u ä s u s k d -

g l s ` s t j o j f h ` g j f h l c j s r ` h ` s . X j c v ` z , g j c ê f h l c l s p l r `c o r j z l , c ` s h d -

gl7 « K d g l s , f l j o j f h l f ` f s u a u t u r l . P s t ` h ` s fd s d q u d ` r j i l f l i ` f j

qud`f `stêf qu` rd`fh l s`bu udd r . µ

I l f v ` f i ` r jjcc p j h r ` h ` q u ` j q u ä c ` r j ``cc M ` s í j s f l s ` r í j t j r ` j a êêii d c .

Pf M `síj s fl plhíj s`r uf klm or ` tjf il m ÷f y i l r r d ` f tt`` . C llss

p ` s i j h l r ` s j c s ` r v d i d l h ` W ` o ` h ` l s ` m d r j o j f s df
df ` f t ` f h ` r . Q d ` f h l

q u ` f j h j c l s i l f v ` f i í j , ` c p j h r ` h ` i d h d ù h ` g j r c l s p j rt
r t d r.
r. X j c v ` z k j y j

p`f sjhl 7 « C l s g ù v ` f ` s s l f r ê p d h l s p j r j h ` i ddh

hdr y rêpdhls pjrj r`br`-

s j r 7 f l t j r h j r ê f ` f v l c v ` r jc m j r . µ ^ ` r l ` c ccll s f u f i j r ` b r ` s j r l f .

H ` g j rl
r l f d f m ` h d j t j m ` f t ` c j s r ``h
h`s

C j v d h j ` s u f b r j f i l f t r j t l h ` r d ` s b l . O j s t j ` s t j r v ddvv l p j r j s u ar
a r dr
dr

r d ` s bl s . _ d ` s b l h ` a rj i js j r, r d` s b l h ` s ` r r ` i k j z j h l , r d ` s b l h ` h ` i ` p -

idlfjrs` ilf cjs p`rsl fjs, rd`sbl h` fl s`r ilm pr`f hdhl, rd`sbl h`

s ` r l a ` f h dh l , h ` s ` r r ` p r l o j h l , h ` ` f a ` r m j r s ` . K j s t j u f v d ru s , q u ` ` s

m d cc l f `s h ` v ` i ` s m ê s p ` q u ` ú l q u ` u f b r j f l h ` j r `f j , r ` p r` s ` f t j u f

b r j f r d `s b l .

T i l m l cj v dh j ` s u f b r j f i l f t r j t l h ` r d ` s b l , q u d ` f s ` p r l t ` b ` i l -

m l h`ftrl h` uf ijp uccl plr md`h l h` `far`ftjr cls rd`sbls, jh`m ês

h ` f l ` c dm d f j r c l s , s ` r ê s d ` m p r ` u f a r u s t r j h l . @ s f ` i ` s j r d l v j c l r pj r j

s u p ` r j r i l f a c d iitt l s , ` f i l f t r j r s l c u i d l f ` s y c c ` v jjrr j c j r ` j ccdd h j h f u ` s t r l s

s u ` ú l s y p r ly ` i tl s .

P f a u f i d l f j r d l t í m d h l q u ` s d b u ` ` s t r d i t j m ` f t ` c j r u t df
df j h ` c t r j o j g l ,
q u ` o u s i j f l d f i l m l h j r j f j h dd`` , q u ` f l ` m d t ` l p d f d l f ` s s l o r ` ccll
qu` pd`fsj, plhrê s`r od`f `vjcujhl, p`rl hdaíidcm`ft` cc`bjrê j uf

pu` stl h` hdr`iidùf `f cj ` m p r ` s j . T

T,, ssdd `sl su i`h `, fl `stjrê

p r ` p j r j h l p j r j ` f a r ` f t j r ir
i r d s ddss y h ` s j a í l s . ^ l r l t r l c j h l , u f j v ` f -

t u r ` r l h ` s m ` h d h l , q u ` f l p d ` f s j ` f c jjss i l f s ` i u ` f i d j s h ` s u s k ` -

i k l s , q u ` s ` ` f a r ` f t j j r d ` s b l s p l r ` c s d m p c ` p c j i ` r h ` c j j v ` f ttu
urj,

t j m o d ä f p u ` h ` c cc`` v jjrr j c j ` m p r ` s j j c a r j i j s l .
Z u ` h j m l s a j s i df j h l s i u j f h l j f j c d z jm l s , h ` s h ` cj p ` rs p `i td vj h `

c ls
ls h d s i í p u c l s y h ` c j s t r j f s a l r m j i d l f ` s q u ` l i u r r d ` r l f ` f s u s v d h js ,

c js
js o d l b r j a í j s h ` G ` s u i r d s t l , p r d f i d p j c m ` f t ` c j s q u ` ` f i l f t r j m l s ` f

c ls
l s ` v j f b ` c d l s h ` M j t ` l y M j r i l s . J A ` c dp
d p ` , ä c s d m p c ` m ` f t ` h ddgg l 7 «

Yíb u` m ` µ ( G u j f : . 8 9 ) . O j g l `c d m p j i t l h ` ` s j s l c j p j c j o r j , äc cl

s d b u d ù . C l s h d s i í p u c l s i l f a r l f t j r l f r d ` s b l s d f t ` f s l s . Y d o dd`` f f l ` f -

t ` f h í j f cj h d m ` f s d ù f h ` cj p r l p u ` s t j , s ` f t í j f q u ` ` r j k ` i k j p l r u f

k l m o r ` q u ` v j cí
c í j ccjj p ` f j .

Jufqu` au`rjf dfs`burls, `stls gùv`f`s bjcdc`ls tuvd`rlf, plr

p r d m ` r j v ` z , u f j l s j h í j d m p r ` s d l f j f t ` . F l p ` f s j r l f ` f cl s p `c db r l s

q u ` s ua
u a r ddrr í j f , ` f c j s p l s d o c ` s p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s , ` f c j p r l v d s d ù f h ` s u s

f ` i ` s d h j h ` s o ê s d i j s l ` f s j o ` r h ù f h ` h l r m d rí j f . @
@cc c c j m j h l h ` G ` s ÷ s

i l f c c ` v j o j u f h ` s ` l h ` i j m o d j r ` c m u f h l 5 ` r j s ` f i d c cl
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j r r ` o j t j h l r i l m l c j s l c j s h ` c m jr
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gù v `f `s, p`rl r ` i l f l z i l m ds cdm dtjidlf`s. K jy a` f ù m ` f l s q u ` s l -

o r ` p j s j f ccjj p r ` v d ssdd o ddcc d h

hjj h ccùù b d i j.
j. K j o í j j c b l h ` « m jb dj µ , `f `

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i r ` j r c j m ê s o ` c cj
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vdhj! µ

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¼ I ù m l i j m o d j r tl h l s c l s p c jf ` s y s ` b u d r j uf h ` s i l f l i d h l < Y d u s t -

` h s ` h ` i d h d ` r j j j i ` p t j r ccjj d f v ddtt j i d ùùf

f h`c M j` str l h` cj Qdhj , d quä

` x p c d  i jjii d ù f h j r í j j s u s p j h r ` s < 5 @ f t ` f h ` r ííjj f s u s j m d b l s s u j i t d t u h < «

Z u ä g u s t d a d i j i d ù f s ` h j r ííjj j u s t ` h m d s m l <

C l s i l f a c d i t l s ` r j f d f m ` f s l s . ^ ` r l s u i ` h d ù j c b l ` f ` c j c m j y ` f ``cc

` s p í r dt
dt u h ` ` s l s gù v ` f ` s , c c ` v ê f h l c l s j j r r d ` s b j r t l h l .

@ s a j s i d f j f t ` v ` r j c j s p ` r s l f j s d f v ddrr t dd`` f h l s u s v d h j s ` f j q u ` c c l q u `

i r ` ` f , ` f c l s s u ` ú l s q u ` c j s j cd m ` f t j f . Cj ji t dt u h h ` ^ ` h r l , J f h r ä s ,

G u j f y G j i l o l s ` k j r ` p ` t d h l d f f u m ` r j o c ` s v ` i ` s j cl cj r b l h ` c l s s d b -

c l ss.. @ f i j h j b ` f ` r j i d ù f , m d c ` s h ` p ` r s l f j s k j f h ` i d h d h l s ` b u d r j

I r d s t ll.. Y ` b u d r j j c b u d ` f j q u d ` f f l i l f l i í j f 5 j j c b u d ` f q u ` f u f i j

v d ` r l f j f t ` s , p ` r l q u ` ` f ` s ` m l m ` f t l c ` s t l i ù `c i l r j z ù f , i l f uf

t l q u ` q u ` c ` h d l uf f u ` v l s d b f d a d i j h l j s u s v d h j s . ¼ Z u ä m d s t ` r d l ` s

äs`<

Yd j f j c d z j m l s cj k ds tl rd j, v ` r ` m l s q u ` m u i k j s p`rslfjs, ilm l

J bu stíf , Arjfidsil h ` J sís, X l m ê s h ` J q u df l y tj f tl s l tr l s, ly`rlf

u f j d f vvdd tj
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f d f j u h d o c ` , u f c c j m j h l d f ` x p c ddii j o c ` p l r c j p s d i l c l b í j ,

q u ` c l s c c`
c` v ù j r l m p ` r c j s ` s t r u i t u r j s h ` c ` b l í s m l y j p r ` l i u p j r s `

p l r c l s h l c l r ` s y ccjj s f ` i ` s d h j h ` s h ` c ls
l s h ` m ê s . P f c c j m j h l q u ` c llss

` s t d m u c ù j s ` r p ` s i j h l r ` s h ` s ` r ` s k u m j f l s y j j m j r c l s , c c ` vvjj rc
rc` s
j ccdd v ddll y o r d f h j r c ` s jyuhj. Y`h ui dhl s p lr `s js pjcjo rjs d f ` a j o cc`` s ,
h ` g j r l f j t r ê s t l h l c l q u ` t ` f íj
íj f .

H ` g j r l f r ` h ` s , o j r i l s y p c j f ` s . H ` g j r l f s u p r l a ` s d ù f y s u a u t u r ll,,

k j i d ä f h l s ` í f t d m l s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ``cc M j ` s t r l . Y ` i l f v d r t d ` rl
r l f `f
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df m ` h d h j v d v d ` f h l p j r j l t r l s . X
Xjj c v ` z

k j y j f t ` f d h l h d aadd i uc
u c tj
t j h p j r j ` x p c d i j r c j r j z ù f p l r cj
cj q u ` j o j f h l f j r l f
` c « m j r µ , p ` r l ` s t j o j f i l f v d i t l s h ` q u ` f l p u h d ` r l f r ` s d sstt d r j cj cj d ff--

vdtjidùf h`c M j ` s t r l h`c Jmlr.

J f tdb u jm `f t` , s ` p ` f sj o j q u ` jrr d`sbjrs` pjrj s ` b u dr j jcbud`f

d f v d sd
sd oc ` ` r j s ` ú j c h ` c l i u rj . H ` s p u ä s h ` j ú l s h ` d f v ` s td b j i d ù f i d ` f -

tíadij ji`rij h`c aufidlfjmd`ftl h` cj m`ft`, h`c h`sjrrlccl h` cj

d f t ` c d b ` f i d j y h ` c ` g ` r i d i d l h ` c j p s d q u d j t r í j y cj
cj p s d i l t ` r j p d j , j h m d r l j

` s l s k l m o r ` s y m u g ` r ` s m u i k l s h ` c ls i u j c` s f l j o j f h l f jr l f s u s

j i t d vd h j h ` s s ` i u c j r ` s p ` r l h l f j r l f s u t d ` m p l , s u hd f ` rl , s u p r l a ` -

s d ù f y s u i l r j z ù f , t l r f ê f h l s ` d b u j c m ` f t ` p l ` t j s h ``cc j m l r .

D f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` h ` s u r `c
` c db
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f,, h ` s u s ` r r l r ` s y h ` s u s j i d ` r ttll s ,

dfvdrtd`rlf sus vdhjs `f uf pcjf trjsi`fh`ftjc. Jpr`fhd`rlf j jmjr jc

s ` r k u m j f l y j i l f s dh ` r j r cj v d hj i l m l u f a ` f ù m ` f l q u ` f l s ` r ` p ` -

t d rê
r ê . H ` i d h d ` r l f h ` s j r r l c c j r u f j h ` c js
js m ê s f l o c ` s d f t ` c ddbb ` f i d j s 7 cj
cj

d f t ` c ddbb ` fi
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r d t u j c.
c. I l m p r ` f h d ` r l f q u ` c j v dh j ` s m u i k l m ê s q u `

`c h d f ` r l , cj a j m j l c j s ` b u r d h j h m j t ` r dj c . ^ l r ` s l , i j m d f j f h l j i l f -

t r j v íj
í j h ``cc m u f h l m l h ` r f l , o u s i j r l f c ls
ls m d s t ` r d l s q u ` s ` l i u ct j f

m ê s j cc
cc ê h ` c j i l r t d f j h ` c t d ` m p l y h ` c ` s p j i d l .

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l y , c j k u m j f d h j h s ` p l s t r j j c l s p d ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s b r j i d j s j cj
cj l s j h í j

h ` j q u ` c c l s s ` b u d h l r ` s . @ f ``cc p r d m ` r s d b c l s ` r u f l h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s

` r j a d r m j r ` c m j y l r i l f t r j t l h ` r d ` s b l h ` c j k d sstt l r d j . ^ l r ` c k ` i k l h `
q u ` ` s l s g ù v ` f ` s t u v d ` r l f c j l s j h í j h ` s ` b u d r c l , s u s d h` h` js ,
p ` f s j m d ` f t l s y r ` j i i d l f ` s k j f q u ` h j h l r ` b d s t r j h l s ` f c j k ds
d s tl
t l rrdd j.
j.

C j s p j c j o r j s h ` G ` s ÷ s s l f u t d c d z j h j s ` f t l h j s c js
j s r ` c ddbb d l f ` ss.. M j 

k l m j ` f ` c I l r ê f c l v j ccll r j j c ` x t r ` m l h ` c c j m j r c l Y u H d b f d h j h . @c

ouhdsml, jufqu` surbdù jft`s h` Irdstl, dfilrplrù sus prdfidpjc`s

`fs `ú jfz js. ^` qu `úl s `v`f tls d f i ` f hd j rl f i ddvv d ccdd z j i d l f ` s y ij m -

o d jr
jr l f c j v d hj h ` m d c c l f ` s h ` p ` r s l f j s .
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H @ CL Y H D Y I Í ^ P C L Y

C ls
l s h d s i ííp
p u c l s s ` rríí j f r ` p r l o j h l s p l r u f ` q u d p l h ` s ` c ` iiii ddù
ùf

@ c m j t ` r d j c k u m j f l ` s v dt
d t j c p j r j ``cc ä x ddtt l h ` u f j ` m p r ` s j . Y ` p u ` h `

h d s p l f ` r h ` m j q u d f j r d j s , t ` i f l c l b í j , i l m p u t j h l r j s , p ` r l ssdd f l s `
i u ` f t j i l f k l m o r ` s i r ` j t d v l s , d f t ` c d b ``f
f t `s , m l t d v j h l s , q u ` t ` f b j f

vdsdùf h`c tlh l, q u ` pr` v`f b jf `rrlr`s, q u ` s ` p j f trjojgjr `f ` q u dp l y

p d ` f s` f j cj r b l p c j z l, f l s ` p l h r ê k j i ` r m u i k l .

Yd kuo d`s` kjodhl uf `qudpl h ` psdiùclbls `sp`idjcdzjhls `f `vjc-

u j r c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h y ` c h ` s ` m p ` ú l d f tt`` c`
c ` i ttu
u j c h ` c d f h dv
dv d h
huul, j s` sl -

r j f h l j G ` s ÷ s ` f c j ` c ` iiii d ù f h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s , « k j o r í j f j p r l o j h l j

` s t l s g ù v ` f ` s < I r ` l q u ` f l . F d f b u f l h ` ` c cl s kj o rí j s j t d sa ` i k l c l s

r`qudsdtls oêsdils.

@s prlojoc` qu` `c `qudpl h` psdiùclbls kuod`s` p r ` a ` r dh

dh l

r ` i l m ` f h j r j gù v ` f ` s h ` c j i j s t j h ` c l s ` s i r d o j s y a j r d s ` l s p j r j s ` r

s u s h d s i í p u c l s . @ r j f i u c t l ss,, s ` i l m p l r t j o j f a d f j m ` f t ` , t ` f í j f u f j ct
ct l

f dv
d v `c
` c h ` ä t d i j y o u ` f j r ` p u t j i d ù f s l i d j c . J c b u f l s f l s l c l i l f l i í j f `c

d h d l m j k ` o r ` l s d f l t j m o d ä f ` c c jt
j t ííf
f y `c b r d ` b l . X ` f í j f u f j j m p c d j

v d s d ù f h ` c m u f h l , i l f l i í j f c j s J f t d b u j s @ s i r d t u r j s y b u j r h j o j f cjs

t r j h d i dl f ` s h ` s u p u ` o c l .

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s , s df
d f ` m o j r b l , i l f t r j t l h j c ù b ddii j , ` s -

ilbdù ilfsid`ft`m `ft` j gùv`f`s d f hl i t ls , r u h l s , j b r ` s dv l s , j f -

s d l s l s , d f t l c ` rrjj f t ` s . Y d o d ` f c l s h d s i í p u c l s s ` j r r d ` s b j r l f s d b u d ä f h l c l ,

äc s ` ` x p u s l j r d ` s b l s m j y l r ` s j c ` s i l b ` r c l s . G j m ê s j c b u d `f k j o í j r ` -

u f d hl j p ` r s l f j s t j f i l m p c d i j h j s y s df p r ` p j r j i d ù f p j r j j s u m d r a u f -
i d l f ` s h ` c d h ` r j z b l . 3 ^ l r q u ä G ` s ÷ s k j r í j u f j ` c ` i i d ù f ttjj f d cù
c ù b ddii j <
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rd ù i l m ` f z j r h ` i ` r l , tr j o jg j r i l f g ù v ` f ` s i l m p c ` t j m ` f t `

h ` s i j c d a d i j h l s ` f c u b j r h ` ` f s ` ú j r j g ù v ` f ` s y j i l f t j m d f j h l s i l f `c

s d s t ` m j , s j t u r j h l s h ` v d i d l s y p r ` i l f i ` p t l s . ^ rr`` aadd r dù
d ù ccjj p d ` h r j o r u t j y

f l c j p d ` h r j j m ` h d l c jjoo rj
r j r.
r.

C j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` c l s h ds
d s i íp
í p u cl
cl s
J f j c d i ` m l s cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` j c b u f l s h ` cl s h d s i í p u c l s j f t ` s h `

` f i l f t r j r s ` i l f `c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j . C j s o d l b r j a í j s h ` G ` s ÷ s k j o c j f

m u y p l i l h ` c ls
l s h d s i íípp u c l s 5 s d f ` m o j r b l , d f h d r ` i t j m ` f t ` f l s r ` v ` cj
cj f

h j t l s d f t ` r ` s j f t ` s j i ` r i j h ` j c b u f l s h ` ` c ccll s . H ` A ` c ddpp ` y J f h r ä s , h d -

i`f m uy plil. H` Ojrtlclmä, Yjf tdjbl (k

kdd gl
g l h ` J c aa`` l ) X j h ` l y Y d m ù f

( ` c z ` c l t ` )),, i j s d f j h j . H ` M j t ` l s j o ` m l s s l c j m ` f t ` q u ` ` r j u
uff

r ` i l c ` i t l r h ` d m p u ` s t l s , u f p u o c ddii j f l 5 q u ` c l s p u o c í i j f l s ` r j f l h d -

j h l s p l r c l s g u h í l s p l r q u ` ` s t j o j f j c s ` r v d i d l h ``cc D m p ` r d l _ l m j f l .

M u i k l s ` r j f i l r r u p t l s y ` x t l r sd l f j o j f jc p u ` o c l . C l s a j r d s ` l s c ls

r ` i k j z j o j f . M j t ` l , s df ` m o j r b l , ` r j u f j p ` r s l f j s l i d j o c` . I u j f h l

G ` s ÷ s cl ccj m ù s ` p u s l tjf il f t`f tl q u ` kdzl ufj ad`stj pjrj i`c`orjr

i l f s u s j m d b l s . @ f ccjj a d ``ss t j ` s t u v d ` r l f p r ` s ` f t ` s l t r l s r ` i l c ` i t l r ` s

h ` d m p u ` s t l s y k l m o r ` s h ` m j c j r ` p u t j i d ù f . Jc l o s ` r v j r cj ` s i `f j ,

c ls
l s a j r d s ` l s i r d t ddii j r l f c j r ` p u t j i d ù f h ` G ` s ÷ s . J c b u d ` f q u ` p r ` t ` f h ííjj

k j o c j r j i ` r i j h ` H d l s f l p l h r í j r ` c j i d l f j r s ` i l f b ` f t ` h ` j q u ` c f d v ` c.
c.

M j t ` l ` r j u f j p ` r s l f j h ` t j c ccdd st
s t j y ` s t j o j a j s i d f j h l i l f G ` s ÷ s . ^ llrr

s u i l f h d i d ù f h ` r ` i l c ` i t l r h ` d m p u ` s t l s , s ` b u r j m ` f t ` t ` f í j k j o d c-
c-

d h j h ` s h ` ` ssii rrdd t l r.
r. Z u d z ê s t l m ù j p u f t ` s m d ` f t rj s j f h u v l i l f `c M j ` -

s t r l,
l, p u ` s s u ` v j f b ` c d l i l f t d ` f ` u f j r d q u `z j f l t j o c ` h ` h` t j cc ` s q u `

s l c j m ` f t ` u f l o s ` r v j h l r ` x p ` r t l p l h r í j f lltt jjrr . ^ ` r l ` s l s j p u f t ` s
h ` m l r j r l f j ú l s p j r j s ` r r ` u f d h l s ` f u f c ddoo rrll . 3 ^ l r q u ä < @ f j q u ` c ccll s
t d ` m p l s , c j p j c j o r j ` ssii r d t j f l ` r j d m p l r t j f t ` . C l s h d s i í p u c l s t r j f s -

m d tí
t í j f ` c m ` f s j g ` h ` G ` s ÷ s ` f a l r m j llrr jc
jc .

A u` s l c j m ` f t ` h ` s p u ä s q u ` f u ` v j s b ` f ` r j i d l f ` s vd fd `r l f j j b r ` -

b j r s ` j c l s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s y ccjj t r j h d i d ù f l r jjcc i l m ` f z ù j h dc
dcu dr s`

` f ` c t d ` m p l q u ` c j s i l m u f d h j h ` s i r d s ttdd j f j s s d f t d ` r llf
f cj f ` i ` s d h j h h `

r ` uf
u f d r c llss j p u f t ` s y r ` i u ` r h l s ` f c d oorr ls
l s , c c j m j h l s ` v j f b ` c d l s . @c ` v j f -
b ` cd
c d l h ` M j t ` l a u ` ` s i r ddtt l p r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` t r ` d f t j j ú l s h ` s p u ä s h ` ccjj

m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s÷ s .

@f ` c i j s l h ` X l m ê s , p l r ` g ` m p c l , p l h ` m l s d f v `s t db j r s l c l j c-

b u f l s r j s b l s h ` s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h . @r j r ê p dh l p j r j p ` f s j r y r êp dh l

p j r j h u h j r . Y ` m l v í j s ` b ÷ f c j c ù b d iijj o j s j h j ` f c j h u h j . @ x d s tt`` u
uffj

h u h j p l s d t dv
d v j y u f j h u h j ` f a ` r m d z j . C j h u h j p l s d t ddvv j j o r ` c j s v ` f -

t j f j s h ` c j m ` m l r d j , r l m p ` c ls
l s p j r j h d b m j s , r ` i di
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c j ccll s p r ` i l f i ` p t l s

y ` x p j f h ` ` c j r t ` h ` p ` f s j r . ^ ` r l c j h u h j h ` X l m ê s s ` o j s j o j ` f cj

j u t l s u a d i d`
d ` f i d j . @c m u f h l t ` f í j q u ` b d r j r ` f t l r f l h ` s u s v ` r h j h ` s ,

d m p r ` s d l f ` s y i r ` ` f i d j s . Y u h u h j ` s t j o j m u y i ` r i j j ccjj h ` s i l f a d j f z j

p j r j f l di j , p u ` s h u h j o j h ` t l h l y h ` t l h l s . « @ s ccjj s u y j u f j h u h j

s j c u h j o c` l u f j h u h j ` f a` r m dz j <

H ` cj
c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` G j i l o l , k ddgg l h ` W ` o ` h ` l , h ` s i u o r d m l s j c b u -

f j s i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s h ` s i r d t j s ` f ` c ` v j f b ` c d l h ` s u k ` r m j f l G u j f . Gj
Gj 

i l o l ` rj u f k l m o r ` l s j h l , j m o d i d l s l ` d m p j i d `f t ` . Y ` v l cv dù u f l h `

cl s m ê s í f t d m l s j m d b l s h ` G ` s ÷ s . H ` s p u ä s h ` cj m u ` r t ` h
h`` c M j ` s t r l

a u ` m j r td rd z jh l p l r i j u s j h ` s u j m l r p l r G ` s ÷ s y p l r h ` a ` f h ` r s u s

prdfidpdls.

M ` b u s t j r í j r ` s j c t j r c js
js i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s h ` t r ` s h d s i í p u c l s 7 ^ ` h
hrr ll,,

G u j f y G u h j s Dsi j r dl t` . X j m o d ä f j f j cd z j r ä i l f m ê s h ` t j c c` s cj p ` r s l f -
j c dh
d h j h h ` ^ j o c ll,, q u ` v d f l j d f t ` b r j r ` c b r u p l h ` s ` b u d h l r ` s l i k l j ú l s
h ` s p u ä s h ` cj m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s ÷ s .

Cjs h` ^`hrl y Gujf prl ojo c`m `ft` r ` p r ` s ` f t ` f c j s p r d f i ddpp j cc`` s

i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s h `c i j r ê i t ` r h ` c j m j y l r í j h ` c l s h d s i íp u c l s . F l s l t r l s

c j s i l f l i ` m l s j p j r ttdd r h ` s u s i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s ` v d h ` f t ` s y h ` c j s

r ` j i i d l f ` s h ` t ` i t j h j s ` f t r ` c í f ` jjss , i l f t ` f d h j s t j f t l ` f c l s ` v j f b ` c d l s

i l m l ` f c j s i j r t j s q u ` ` s i r d o dd`` r l f .
C j s i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` G u h j s D s iijj r d l t ` , q u ` ` r j cj
cj

m ê s h d s l f j f t ` h ` c b r u p l , s ` ` x ttrr j ` f p j r t d ` f h l h ` c j f ê c ddss d s h ` c llss

` v j f b ` c d l s . C j s h ` ^ j o c l , h ` c j f ê c d s ddss h ` s u s i j r t j s , p r d f i d p j c m ` f t ` h `

c j s p j ccjj o r j s y r ` j i i d l f ` s r ` v ` ccjj h j s ` f c l s m l m ` f t l s h ` m j y l r t ` f -

sdùf.

J f t ` s h ` i l m ` f z j r j i l m ` f t j r cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s ,

m ` b u s t j r ííjj k j i ` r u f j p r ` b u f t j j c c ` iitt l rr.. 3 Z u d ä f a u ` ``cc h d s i í p u c l m ê s

` q u d cd
cd o r j hl < K d i ` ` s j p r ` b u f t j j v j r d j s p ` r s l f j s m d ` f t r j s ` si r do íj

` s t ` c do
d o rrll , y ccjj m j y l r í j f l j i ` r t ù . I l m l v ` r ` m l s , a u ` G u h j s D si
s i j rrdd lt
lt `.

Ä c a u ` ``cc m ê s ` q u d c ddoo r j h l , s ` f s j t l y h d s i r ` t l h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s . ^ r l o j -

o c ` m ` f t ` G u h j s s ` r íj c j ÷ f d ij p ` r s l f j j p r l o j h j ` f u f j s ` c ` i i dù f ` f

q u ` s ` j p c d i j r j f c l s i r d t ` r d l s j i t u j c ` s p j r j ` v j c u j r c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h y `c
`c

h ` s ` m p ` ú l d ft
f t `c
` c ` iitt uj
u j c.
c.

^ r d m ` r j m ` f t ` , v l y j h ` s i r ddoo d r c j s i j r j i tt`` r í s t ddii j s f ` b j t d v j s h ` ^ ` h

hrr l ,

h ` G u j f y h ` ^ j oocc ll,, p l r q u ` ` c c j s s l o r ` s j c ` f m ê s q u ` c j s p l s d t d v j s . CCjj

` x i ` p i dù f s ` r ê G u h j s , h ` i u y j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` s i r do d r ä p r d m ` r l s u s

i j r j i t ` r í s ttdd i j s p l s d t d v j s q u ` s l f c j s q u ` m ê s s l o r ` s j c ` f . Y ` r ê h ` b rj
rj f

j y u h j p j r j ` f t ` f h ` r ccjj h d a ` r ` f i d j ` f t r ` ääcc y ccll s h ` m ê s h d s i í p u c l s .

I l m l y j h d gd m l s , G ` s ÷ s a u` ` x t r ` m j h j m ` f t ` l s j h l jc ` s i l b ` r j s us

h d s i í p u c l s q u d ` f ` s k j o rí j f h ` p r l v l i j r c ` i l f s t j f t ` s h l c l r ` s h `
i j o ` z j . F l l o s t j f t ` , ` rrjj ` v d h ` f t ` q u ` c l s j p r ` i d j o j j s í i l m l ` r jjf
f.
Y u s a j c c j s f l c l d f i l m l h j o j f . @ c M j ` s t r l h ` ccjj Q d h j ` r j u f ` x p ` rt
rt l

j r t ` s j f l q u ` q u ` r í j t jcc jr `f `c j c m j k u m j f j u f j g l y j ` x i ` p i dl f j c , h `

u f v j c l r y h ` u f o rd
r d cc
cc l ÷ f d i l s .

^@H_L

I j r j i t ` rí
r í st
s t ddii j s f ` b j t d v j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` ^ ` h
hrr l

^`hrl `rj dfhlitl, fl sjoíj c``r, `rj dftlc`rjft`, jfsdlsl, drrdtjoc`,

jbr`sdvl, dfqud`tl, dmpjid`ft`, dfhdsidpcdfjhl, dmpucsdvl. _`p`tíj cls

m d s m l s ` r r l r ` s v ` z t r j s v ` z y f l s l p l r t j o j q u ` ccll i l f t r j r ddjj r j f ( M j -

t`l :;.?:).

Yu ilmpr`fsdùf h`c mufhl s` cdmdtjoj j cjs f`i`sdhjh`s h`

suosdst`fidj. @ft`fhíj h`c mjr plrqu` `rj uf p`sijhlr. Yu vdsdùf

plcítdij `rj cdmdtjhj. Y` hjoj iu`ftj h`c yubl rlmjfl slor` Dsrj`c

p ` r l h ` s i l f l i í j c ls
l s i l m p c ` g l s v í f i u c l s p l c í ttdd i l s ` f t r ` `c
`c D m p ` r d l y

c ls
l s g ` r j r i j s g u h í l s . D b f l r j o j c l s p r d v d cc`` b d l s q u ` j c b u f l s c í h ` r ` s gu
gu h í l s

h d s a r u t j o j f . F l h ` s j r r l c ccùù j c b u f j s h ` c j s a u f i d l f ` s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s

h` cj dft`cdb`fidj. Fl `rj `mpr`fh`hlr, fl sjoíj adctrjr cls `stímucls

` s t r ` s j f t ` s , s u ` m l i d ù f ` r j a cu i t u j f t` ` d m p l f í j s u s d h ` j s ` f c u b jr

h ` ` x p l f ` r c j s . F l ` r j j c t r u d s t j y ` r j d f i j p j z h ` p ` r i d o ddrr ` c h l c l r y ccjj s

f ` i ` s d h j h ` s h ` c llss h ` m ê s . F l t ` f í j p r l y ` i t l s s l i d j c ` s . F l p ` f s j o j

` f i j m o d j r ``cc m u f h l , ` f j y u h j r j j c dv
dv dj r `c h l c l r h
h`` c p r ù g d m l . C j s j t d s -

a j i i dù
d ù f h ` c j s f ` i ` s d h j h ` s o ê s d i j s ` s t j o j ` f p r d m ` r c u bj
b j rr.. ^ ` r ttu
ur-

o j h l , h ` s p u ä s h ` c j m u ` r t ` h ` I r ddss t l v l ccvv d ù j p ` s i j r ( G u j f ? : ..99 ) .

@ m l i d l f j c m ` f t ` , ` r j u f t r j i ttll m u í j q u ` p j s j o j p l r ` f i d m j h ` t l -

h l c l q u ` s ` c ` l p u s d ` r j . F l s j o í j p l f ` r s ` ` f ` c c u b j r h `c ` c l ttrr l , p l r
` s l t ` f í j h d aadd i u c ttjj h ` f i l m p r ` f h ` r y ` f p ` r h lf
l f j r . Y u s i j r j i t ` r í sstt d i j s
h ` m u ` s t r j f q u ` ` r j k d p ` r j i t d v l y h ` t ` s t j o j c j r u t ddf
f j . Y d v d v dd`` r j ` f c l s

t d ` m p l s j i t u j c ` s , s ` b u r j m ` f t ` s ` r í j u f j c u m f l j c q u ` t l h l p r l aa`` s l r

h ` s ` j r í j v ` r cc`` g l s h ` s u s j c ù f h ` i c j s ` .

@ rj
r j j u t l s u a d i d ` f t ` y t jf
j f l s j h l q u ` i l f t ` s t j o j p l r ` c M j ` s t r l s ddf
f

q u ` s ` c ` p d h dd`` r j s u l p d f d ù f ( M j t ` l : 2 . ? 0 ) . C j p r d f iidd p jjcc i j r j i t ` rríí s t d iijj

h ` s u p ` r s l f j c dh j h ` r j r ` j i id l f j r j f t ` s h ` p ` f s j r ( G u j f : ; . : > ) . I u j f -
h l G ` s ÷ s a u ` j r r ` s t j h l , c` i l r t ù c j l r ` g j j u f s l c h j h l , p l f d ` f h l ` f

r d ` s b l j G ` s ÷ s y j c l s h d s i í p u c l s p l r s u j i t d t u h d r r ``aa c`
c ` xxdd vj
vj ( G u j f : ; . : ? ) .

I l f l i í j o d ` f ``cc m j r h ` B j c d cc`` j , p ` r l i l f l i í j m u y p l i l ` c t ``rr r ddtt l rrdd l

h ` s u p r l p d j ` m l i d ù f . F l p ` r iidd o ííjj s u s c d m d t j i ddll f ` s , s u s a r j b d c d h j h ` s y

s u s m d ` h l s . Y u t` m p ` r j m ` f t l d m p uc sd vl c l k ji íj j p j r ` i` r i l m l u f j

p`rslfj a u ` r t ``,, p ` r l i u j f h l s ` c` s l m ` t í j j j cb u f j pru`oj, h`-

m l s t r j o j s ` r d f s ` b u r l . Y u j p j r ` f t ` a l r ttjj c ` z j s ` j p l y j o j ` f ccjj a u ` r z j y

` f cj
c j d f tt`` c ddbb ` f i ddjj h ` s u M j ` s t r l . J f t ` c j j m ` f j z j h ` m u ` r t ` , G ` s ÷ s

i jccù y ^ ` h r l s ` h ` s m l r j c dz ù . J u f q u ` j m j o j ` x t r ` m j h j m ` f t ` j su

M j ` s t r l , ``cc m d ` h l c l h l m d f ù c c ` b j f h l j f ` b j r c l t r ` s v ` i ` s .

I j r j i t ` r ís
ís t di
d i j s p l s dt
d t dv
d v j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c dh
d h j h h ` ^ ` hr
hr l

^ ` h r l ` r j u f j p ` r s l f j s ` f i d c ccjj , k u m d c h ` , s d f i ` r j . X ` f ííjj u f j i j p j i d -

hjh dfm `f sj pjrj jpr`fh`r. @

@rr j r u h l , p ` r l p l s ` í j c j ` m l i d ù f h ` u f

f d úl
ú l 7 s ` f i d c ccjj y i r ä h u c j . C ` i r ` í j a ê i d c m ` f t ` j G ` s ÷ s . O j g l s u l r h ` f ,

c j f z ù cj
c j r ` h jjcc m j rr,, s d f i u ` s t d l f j r , ` f u f s d t ddll h l f h ` k j o í j p j s j h l t l -

h j c j f l i k ` s d f k j o ` r p ` s i j h l f j h j . L o ` h ` i d ` f h l j ccjj d f v d t j i d ù f h `

G ` s ÷ s , t u v l `c v j c l r h ` i j m d f j r s l o r ` cj s u p ` r a d i d ` h ` c m j r . H ` r r l t j h l

p l r ` c m d ` h l , i l m ` f z ù j k u f h d r s ` p ` r l ``cc Y ` ú l r ccll s j c vù
vù .

J u f q u ` j f s d l s l ` dfqud`tl, f l `r j sup `radidjc. J p j r ` f t ` m ` f t ` `rj

u f j p ` r s l f j h ` ttjj c c ddss t jj.. L o s ` r v j o j c jjss j i t d t u h ` s y r ` j i i d l f ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s
i l f l g l i c íf
í f di
d i l . J m j o j i l f t ` m p c j r c l j i t u j f h l . J h m d r j o j s u s j i t d-
d-

tuh`s.

@c k j o ` r s ` i j s j h l j u f j ` h j h t ` m p r j f j c l k j i í j j p j r ` i ` r i l m l u f j

p ` r s l f j r ` s p l f s j o c ` . T j u f q u ` f l s l p l r t j o j c j s s dt u j i dl f ` s ` s t r ` -

sjft`s, trjtjoj h` s`r h`idhdhl. Jut`ftdidhjh y cdh`rjzbl `rjf sus

i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s p r d f i d p j cc`` s .

gP
gP @ F

I j r j it
i t ` rríí st
s t ddii j s f ` b j t d v j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c ddh
hjh h` Gu j f

Gujf `rj jfsdlsl, jm odidlsl, dr r dtjoc` y fl slplrtjoj qu` cl

i l f t r j h d g`
g ` r j f . I l m l ^ ` h r l , s u j i ` r v l i u c tu
t u r jjcc ` r j c d m d t j h l cl
cl m d s m l

q u ` s u v d s d ù f s l i d j c y ppll cí
c í ttdd iijj . X j m p l i l k j o í j c l b r j h l h ` s j r r l c c j r ccjj s
a u f i d l f ` s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s h ` ccjj d f t ` ccdd b ``f
f i ddjj . F l s j o í j i l f t r l c j r s u s

` m l i d l f ` s f d p r ` s ` r v j r ssu
u m `m lrdj ilftrj cls `stímucls `str`sjft`s.

F l s j o í j m j f ` g j r cj
cj s ar u s t r j i dl f ` s f
fdd u s j r s u s ` r r l r ` s i l m l p ` c h j ú l s

p j r j i r ` i ` r k j i ddjj c j m j h u r ` z .

X j m p l i l ` r j u f j p ` r s l f j j ct
c t rru
u ds
d s tj
tj . J f t ` s h ` i l f l i ` r j G ` s ÷ s , y h u -

r j f t ` c l s p r d m ` r l s m ` s ` s ` f q u ` c l s ` b u í j , r ` v ` cù
cù s ` r u f g l v ` f ` b l í s t j

` d f tl
t l c ` r j f t`
t` . F l s j o í j i l m p r ` f h ` r c l s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s j g ` f l s . ^ ` f s j o j

q u ` `c
` c m u f h l t ` f í j q u ` b r j v dt
dt j r ` f t l r f l h ` s u s v ` r h j h ` s .

I d ` r ttjj v ` z , i l f t r j r d j f h l t l h l j m l r , p ` r h ù f y m j f s ` h u m o r ` j i `r
`r i j

h` cls iujc`s G`s÷s `cliu`ft`m`ft` `fs`újoj, Gujf tuvl cj lsjhíj h`

s u b ` r d r j G ` s ÷ s q u ` ` f v d j r j a u ` b l h ` c i d ` c l p j r j ` x t ` r m d f j r j j q u ` c ccll s

q u ` f l cl
c l s ` b u í j f . M d ` f t r j s G ` s ÷ s k j o c j o j h ` p l f ` r c ` jc
jc ` f ` m d b l c j

l t r j m j gd
g d cc
c c j,
j , ä c p r ` a ` r íj
í j p ` f s j r ` f h ` s t r u d r ccll .
X ` f íj
í j u f j p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` x p c l s d v jj.. J ä c y j s u k ` r m j f l G j i l o l ` c
p r l p d l G ` s ÷ s ccll s j p l h ù « O l j f ` r b ` s 66µµ , q u ` q u d ` r ` h`
h ` i d r «« k d gl s h`c

tru`fl µ ( M j r i l s 9 ..:: 2 ) . I u j f h l s ` cc`` s i l f a r l f t j o j , r ` j i i d l f j o j f

jbr`sdvjm`ft`.

^ j r `i d `r j q u ` s u m j h r ` c l ` h u i ù p j r j q u ` p ` f s j r j ` f b rj f h ` , cl q u `

` s u f j i j r j i t ` r í s ttdd i j p l s ddtt d v j . ^ ` rrll G u j f p ` f s j o j h ` m j s d j h l b r j f h ` .

Zu`ríj ils`ikjr cl qu` fl kjoíj pcjftjhl. Zu`ríj `c pr`mdl sdf cls

t r j o j g l s f ` i ` s j r d l s p j r j j c i j f z j r c l . J f k ` c j o j c j m ` g l r p l s d i ddùù f ` f t r `

cls hdsiípucls.

I l m l i r ` í j q u ` ` c r ` ddf
f j h l h ` G ` s ÷ s ` r j p l c í td
t d il
il , h ` s p u ä s h ` u f j r `-

u f d ù f a j m d cd
c d jr
j r , s u m j h r ` k d z l j G ` s ÷ s i u j f h l ä s t ` ` s t j o j ` f `c
`c p d f ê i u -

c l h ` c j a j m j , u f j p ` t ddii d ù f r j rrjj y l s j h j . _ l b ù q u ` ` f s u r ` d f l s u s k d -

g l s s ` s ` f t j r j f , u f l j cj h ` r ` i k j , y l trl , j cj dz q u d` r h j . C l s h l s

m ` g l r ` s p u ` s t l s h ` o í j f s ` r h j h l s j s u s h l s k dg
dg ls . G ` s ÷ s , s d f ` m -
o j r b l , ` f s ` ú j o j q u ` c l s b r j f h ` s t dd`` f ` f q u ` ss`` r v ddrr j c l s p ` q u ` ú l s .

Gu j f h ` s ` j o j s ` r b r j f h ` pj rj s ` r s`r v dh l pl r cls p ` q u ` ú l s .

^ ` h r l y G u j f f l s r ` p r` s ` f tj f . M u i k j s h ` s u s i j r j it ` rí st di j s f ` b j -

tdvjs `stêf `vdh`ft`s u liuctjs `f fu`strj p`rslfjcdhjh.

I j r j i t`
t ` r ís
ís t di
di j s p l s d td
t d vj
v j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c dh
dh j h h ` G u j f

Gu j f `rj uf gl v ` f df t ` m p ` st dv l y j a` i t u l s l . @f s u s p r dm ` r l s t d ` m -

p l s i l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c llss M j ` s t r l s s u ` m l i d ù f p j r ` i í j u f p ä f h u c ll..

L s i d c j o j ` f t r ` c j ` x p c l s d ù f y ccjj h u c z u r j , ` f t r ` c j s ` f s d o d c d h j h y c j j b r ` -

s d v d h j h . J p ` s j r h ` s ` r d f t l c ` r j f tt`` , s u ` m l i d ù f ` r j i l m l u f j ` s p l f g j

q u ` j o s l r o í j `c j m l r h ` G ` s ÷ s . I l f t ` m p c j r c j j m j o d c d h j h h ` c M j ` s t r l

cl ajsidfjo j.

@ r rj o j m u i k l p ` r l, i l m l ^ ` hr l , ` r j u f j p ` r s l f j t r j f s p j r ` f t ` . X l -
h l s s j o í j f a ê i d c m ` f t ` c l q u ` ääcc ` s t j o j p ` f s j f h l . Y ` r t r j f s p j r ` f t ` ` r j
u f j i j r j i t ` r í s t ddii j m u y d m p l r t j f t ` j c l s l g l s h ` G ` s ÷ s . G u j f l o s ` r v j o j

cl s i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s h ` G ` s ÷ s i l m l s d a u` rj u f p df tl r j i j h ä m d i l . F l

s ` p ` r h í j h `t
` t j c c`
c` .

Yu ijpjidhjh h` jpr`fh`r kdzl h` äc uf hdsiípucl íftdml, ordccjft`.

Y ` v l c vd
vd ù u
uff j m d b l h ` G ` s ÷ s . @ f c l s m l m ` f t l s m ê s h d a ííii dc
d c `s
`s h
h`` c M j ` -

strl `stuvl j su cjhl.

GGP
P H J Y DYI J_DL X@

I j r j it
i t ` rríí st
s t ddii j s p l s d ttdd vvj
j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c ddh
hjh h` Gu h j s

Gu h j s `rj m l h ` r j h l , `qudcdo rjhl, h dsi r` tl y s `f s j tl . H ` cl qu`

p l h ` m l s l o s ` r v j r ` f c l s i u j t r l ` v j f b ` ccdd l s , f j h j k j y q u ` m j f i k ` `c

i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l h ` G u hj s .
F l k j y d f a l r m j i d ù f q u ` r ` vv`` c`
c ` ssdd `r
`r j t ` f s l , j f s d l s l l d f q ud `t l. F j -

h j s ` h d i ` q u ` d f h d q u ` q u ` k j y j l a ` f h d h l j j c b u d ` f fd
fd q u ` k j y j t ` f d h l

u f j j it
i t dt
dt uh j b r ` s d v j l d m p ` f s j h j .

G ` s ÷ s t u v l q u ` r ` p r ` f h ` r j ^ ` h r l y j G u j f v j r dj s v ` i ` s . J X l m ê s c`

c c j m ù c j j t ` f i d ù f p l r s u d f i r ` h u c d h j h . J A ` ccdd p ` c ` h d gl
g l 7 «. K j i ` ttjj f t l

t d ` m p l q u ` ` s t l y i l f v l s l tr l s y 3 j ÷ f f l m ` i l f l i ` s < µ ^ `r l j G u h j s,

s j c v l c j f l i k ` ` f q u ` a u ` j p r ` k ` f h d h l , f l k j y r ` b d st
s t r l q u ` c ` k j y j c ccjj -

m j h l c j j t ` f i d ù f j c b u f j v ` zz..

@ f iidd ` r t j l i j s d ù f G u h j s r ` p r ` f h d ù j M j r í j,
j, k ` r m j f j h ` C ê z j r l , p l r

k j o ` r h ` r r j m j h l u f p ` r a u m ` m u y i j r l ` f c j i j o ` z j h ` G ` s ÷ s . J q u ` c cl
cl

c` pj r `i d ù u f h ` s p ` r h d i d l . H dg l q u ` j q u `c p ` r a u m ` p l h í j k j o ` r s ` v ` f -

h d h l y ` c h d f ` r l r ` p j r t d h l ` f t r ` c l s p l o r ` s . ^ j r ` i í j s ` r `c
`c q u ` m ê s

p ` f s j o j ` f c l s l t r l s , `c ` c m ê s m l r j c d s t j y ` c m ê s s ` f s d o c ` h ` c ls ls h d s -
i í p u c l s . @ f u f i j p í t u cl
c l p l st
s t ` rrdd l r , i l m p j r j r ä c j j i t dt
d t u h h ` G u h j s i l f cj
h` Mjríj.

Y j o í j m j f ` g j r c j i l f t j o d c d h j h , p l r ` s l i u d h j o j h ` c j o l c s j h ` c jjss

h l f j i d l f ` s . @ r j p r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` ``cc m ê s i u c t l , ` c m ê s p ` r s p d i j z , ` c m ê s

` c l i u ` f t ` y ` c m ê s a l r m j c h ` c llss h d s i í p u c l s . F l k j i í j ` s i ê f h j c l s f d

t `f í j i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s q u ` p ` r tu r o jr j f `c j m o d ` f t ` . J i t u j o j s dc `f -

idlsjm`ft`.

I j r j i t ` r ís
ís t di
di j s f ` b j t d v j s h ` G u h j s

H j o j c j d m p r ` s d ù f h ` s ` r ``cc q u ` m ` f l s i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s f ` b j t d v j s y

i l f a c d i t l s t ` f í j ` f s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h . Y ddf
f ` m o j r b l , `c p r l o c ` m j ` rj q u `

f u f i j k j o í j t r j t j h l j h ` i u j h j m ` f t ` s u s i l f aacc di
di tl s . ^ jr j äc, p ` q u ` ú j s

a r u s t rj i d l f ` s s` trjfsalrm jojf `f m lf stru ls ` d f s d b f ddaa d i j f t ` s

p d ` h r ` i ddcc c j s ` f m l f t j ú j s .
F l ` f t` f h íj s u s s ` f t d m d `f t l s m ê s p r l au f h l s . J u f q u ` au `r j m l r j c -

d s tj
t j y ` q u d c ddoo r j h l , t ` f í j h ddaa di
di u ct j h h ` p ` f ` t r j r ` f s u p r l p d l m u f h l y

r ` i l f l i ` r s u s m d s ` r d j s . Y j o í j ggu
u z b j r , p ` r l f l s j o í j i l m p r ` f h ` r . @ rrrr j-
j-

o j p l i l ` x t ` r d l r m ` f t ` . ^ ` r l ` f c l s ` i r ` t l h ` s u i l r j z ù f s ` j u t l ` xx--

jctjoj.

P f j h ` s u s p ` l r ` s i j r j i t` r í st d ij s ` r j f l s ` r u f j p ` r s l f j t r j f s -

pjr`ft`.

J f t ` s h ` t r j di d l f j r j G ` s ÷ s s ` t r jdi dlf ù j s í m d s m l . X rj di dl f ù su

s j o d h u r í j , tr
tr j d i dl f ù s u j m l r p l r cj v d h j , s u i j p j i d h j h h ` j p r ` f h ` r , s u

` f i j f t l p l r c j ` x d s t ` f i d j . @c m j y l r t r j d h l r h ` c j k d s t l r d j a u ` ` c m j y l r

v ` r h u b l h ` s í m d s m l . @ r j j u t l p u f d t d v l . X ` f í j t l h l p j r j ordc cjr , p ` r l

s ` ` f i ` r r ù ` f c j i ê r i ``cc h ` s u s i l f a c d i t l s . @ r j ``cc m ` g l r p r ` p j r j h l h `

c ls
l s h d s i í p u c l s . ¼ ^ l r q u ä t r j d i d l f ù j G ` s ÷ s < 3 ^ l r q u ä f l s u p ` r ù `c s ` f -
t d m d ` f t l h ` i u c p j p r l h u i d h l p l r c j t rrjj d i dù dù f< 3 ^ l r q u ä s db u d ù u f
i j m d f l t j f h d s t ddf
f t l jc
j c h ` ^ ` h r l , q u ` t j m o d ä f t r j d i dl
dl f ù j G ` s ÷ s , jc f ` -

b j r cl < X r j t j r ` m l s m ê s j h ` c j f t` h ` ` s ` t ` m j .

^ J O C L H @ XJ
XJ _ Y L
J k l r j i l m ` f t j r ä cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` ^jocl h ` Xjrsl. ^jocl fl

p ` r t ` f ` i d ù jc
j c b r u p l h ` c ls
l s h d s i í p u c l s h u r j f t ` c j v ddh
h j h ` G ` s ÷ s ` f cj

t dd`` rrrr j.
j. F l i j m d f ù i l f G ` s ÷ s , f l ` s i u i k ù s u s p j c j o r j s , f l i l f t ` m p c ù

s u s k ` i k l s , f l j p r ` f h d ù c ` i i d l f ` s h d r ` i t j m ` f t ` h ` äc, p ` r l a u ` u f l

h ` s u s m j y l r ` s s ` b u d h l r` s .

I j r j i t ` rí
r í st
s t ddii j s f ` b j t d v j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` ^ j o ccl
l

^jocl `rj uf glv`f r j h ddii j c , `xtr`m jh jm `f t` jbr`sdvl, h d s i r ddm

m

d f j h l r , ` x i c u sd
s d v d st
s t j , j m o d i d l s l y j f s d l s l . A u ` `c
`c m ê s i u c t l h ` c l s h d s -
i í p u c l s 5 p ` r l , j f t ` s h ` v l c v ` r s ` i r d s t dj
dj f l , au ` t j m o d ä f `c m ê s j r r l -

b j f t ` y v d l cc`` f t l h ` c l s k l m o r ` s ( K ` i k l s ; .9
. 9 ).
) . Y u s v ` r h j h ` s ` r jjf
f

j o s l c u t j s . ^ j r j ä c,
c , ``cc m u f h l ` r j h ` c t j m j ú l h ` s u s p r ` i l f i ` p t l s . @ x -

i cu
c u íj
í j h ` a l r m j d m p r ` s d l f j f t ` j q u d ä f ` s f l p ` f s j r j f i l m l äc
äc .

F l c ` o j s t j o j t ` f ` r ` c h d s i u r s l m ê s v d l c`
c ` f t l i l f t r j c ls
ls s ` b u d h l r ` s

h ` G ` s ÷ s h ` F j z j r ` t . C l s i l f s d h ` r j o j u f j p c j b j q u ` h ` o í j s ` r `x
` x td
td r -

p j h j h ` c j s l i d ` h j h ( K ` i k l s 4 . : ) . ^ j r j ä c,
c, G ` s ÷ s f l ` r j m ê s q u ` u f

k ` r `g
` g ` , u f ` f b j ú j h l r , u f i u ` r p l ` x t r j ú l ` f D s r jj`` c.
c. F d f b ÷ f i r d s t d j f l c l

k j o í j k ` r d h l h d r ` i t j m ` f t ` , p ` r l äc
ä c s ` s ` f t í j ``cc m ê s p ` r g u h d i j h l h ` c llss

klmor`s.

X `f
` f íj
íj j v ` r s dù f p l r c j s p ` r s l f j s s d f i l f l i ` r c j s , p l r `c s d m p c ` k ` i k l

q u ` p ` f s j r j f i l f t r j r d j m ` f t ` j c js
j s d h ` j s h ` s u r `c
` c d bbdd ù f.
f.

_ ` i k j z j o j j c l s l t r l s s d f p ` f ` t r j r ` f s u k d sstt l r d j , s d f j f j c d z j r s u s
h l c l r ` s , s u s s u ` ú l s , s u s d f t ` f i dl f ` s . X
X`` f ííjj ` c p ` l r t d p l h ` l h d l , ``cc
l h d l b r j t u d t l . J r r ` s t j o j j c j s p ` r s l f j s p l r q u ` ` r j u f p r d s ddll f ` r l h ` f -

trl h` sí mdsm l.

C c ` v ù j ccll s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s j c j m u ` r t ` 5 c j h ` s ` s p ` r j i d ù f h ` ` cc--

c ls
l s f l t l i ù s u s ` m l i d l f ` s . I c j m j o j f p l r m d s ` r d i l r h d j , p ` r l ääcc p ` r -

mjf`iíj dfs`fsdoc`. Cjs mug`r`s cclrjojf pdhd`fhl pd`hjh, pu`s

t ` f í j f k d g l s p j r j iirr dj
d j r,
r , p ` r l ä c ccjj s ` f i ` r r j o j ` f c j s i ê r i ` c ` s . ^ u s l s u s

v ` r h j h ` s p l r ` f i d m j h ` cj v d h j k u m j f j . ^ ` r s l f j s j s í s l f s l i d j c -

m ` f t ` p ` c ddbb r l s j s .

C j ` s i ` f j h ` @ s t ` o j f a u ` tt`` r r do
d o c`
c` . ^ j o c l l y ù c l q u ` ` s ` k l m o r ` j m -

j o c ` ` d f t ` c ddbb ` f t ` h
hdd ggll . A u r d l s l s s df
df ` m o j r b l , c l s g u h í l s c l j p ` h r ` j r l f

p÷ocdijm `ft`. ^jocl `stuv l j cccc í y ilfsdf tdù `f su mu`rt`. C jjss

p r d m ` r j s p d ` h r j s m u t dc
d c j r l f ``cc i u ` r p l h ` @ s t ` o j f , r l m p d ` f h l m ÷ s -

iucls y jrt`rdjs, prlhuid`fhl k`mlrrjbdjs y uf hlclr dfh`sirdptdoc`.

@ s t ` o j f j b l f d z j o j c ` f t j m ` f t ` h ` c j f t ` h ` u f ^ j o ccll d f s ` f s d o c ` , i l f c j

` m l i d ù f p ` ttrr d a di
di j h
hjj .

^ j o c l s ` r íj
í j c j ÷ c t ddm
m j p ` r s l f j ` f s ` r c c j m j h j h d s i í p u c l h ` G ` s ÷ s . @rj

c j ÷ cctt d m j p ` r s l f j q u ` c l m ` r ` i í j ( d I l r d f t d l s : 0 ..44 ) . J p ` s j r h ` s u s

ijrjit`rístdijs plsdtdvjs, `rj ufj p`rslfj h`struitdvj. Dft`c`i

t u j c m ` f t ` ` r j ``cc m ê s k ê oodd c y s l i d j c m ` f t ` ``cc m ê s v d l cc`` f t l , i j p j z h ` cccc ` -

v j r j s u s l p l f ` f t ` s j cj h ` s t r u i i d ù f t l t j c. ^ l r ` s l , `c i j m o d l q u `

` x p ` r d m ` f t j ` s s d m p c ` m ` f t ` d f i r ``íí o cc`` . J c a df
d f j c h ` ` s t ` c do
d o rl
rl ` s t u h d -

j r ` m l s j c b u f l s a ` f ù m ` f l s h` c p r l i ` s l h ` a l r m j i d ù f h ` s u p ` r s l f -

jcdhjh.

@ f cj
c j @ p í s t l c j j c l s @ a ` s d l s h d g l q u ` s ` i l f s d h ` r j o j ``cc m ê s p ` q u ` ú l

h ` t l h l s c l s i r d s t d j f l s . Y u s p j c j o r j s f l ` r j f s l c l ` c r ` aacc `g
`g l h ` s u

k u m d c h j h s d f l q u ` r ` aacc ` ggjj o j f ``cc p ` s l h ` s u s r ` i u ` r h l s . F u f i j l c vvdd h ù

c l q u ` k j o í j k ` i k l . ^ u h l k j o ` r s u p ` r j h l s u s i l f a ccdd i ttll s , p ` r l ` s t l s
p r l h u g ` r l f i d i j t r d i ` s p ` r m j f ` f t ` s q u ` ` s t ê f i l f t ` f d h j s i ccjj r j m ` f t `

`f cjs `ftr`cdf`js h` tlhj s su s ijrtjs. Cjs cêbrdm js y cjs k`rdhjs qu`

p r l vl i ù g j m ê s s ` jp j b j r l f h ` s u m ` m l r d j.

I j r j i t ` rí
r í st
s t ddii j s p l s ddtt ddvv j s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` ^ j o ccl
l

^ j o c l ` r j u f j p ` r s l f j i l f u f i l f l i d m d ` f t l q u ` p r l v l i j o j ` f v d h dj
dj .

K j o c j o j k ` o r ` l , b r d ` b l y j r j m ` l . Y l f d f iirr ` í o c ` s s u v jjcc l rr,, s u p ` r s p d -

i j i d j y s u i j p j i d h j h h ` j r b u m ` f t j i d ù f ` x p r ` s j h j s ` f s u s ` s i r d t l s . YYdd

v d v d ` r j ` f c l s t d ` m p l s j i t u j c ` s s d f h u h j q u ` p l h r í j j s u m d r `c cd h` r-

j z b l h ` i u j c q u d ` r ` q u d p l h ` p l c í t d iill s ` d f tt`` c ` i ttu

u j c` s .

Glv`f `m pr`fh`hlr, ^jocl jprlv`ikjoj ijhj lplrtufdhjh pjrj

j c i j f z j r s u s m ` t j s . @ r j u f ` x i ` c ` f t ` l r j h l r . J u f s d ` f h l ` x i c u s dv
d v d s ttjj y

p r ` i l f i ` p t u l s l , c c ` v j o j h ` f t r l h ` ääcc u f j d f q u d ` t u h 7 o u s i j o j r ` s p u ` s -
t j s.
s . @ rrjj j b d t j h l , t ` f s l , j f s d l s l .

J p ` s j r h ` i l m ` t ` r k ` i k l s d f k u m j f l s , ` r j ad`c j s u i l f i d ` f i d j . F l

t ` m í j ` x p r ` s j r s u s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s ` f p ÷ o c d i ll.. ^ l h í j p l f ` r ` f p `c
` c d bbrr l

s u v d h j p ` r l f l s ` i j c c j o j i u j f h l t ` f í j q u ` k j o cj
c j r.
r. F j h j ` f ` c m u f h l

cl i l f v ` f i í j j i j m o d j r s u s i l f v d i i d l f ` s , s j c v l s u p r l p d j il f i d ` f i dj .

^ l r ` s l s ` v l c v ddùù u f h d s i í p u c l t l t j c m ` f t ` h d a ` r ` f t ` h ` c ls
ls h ` m ê s .

J q u ` c c l ` f q u ` i r ` í j i l f t r l c j o j s u s`r. A u ` d f m d s ` r d i l r h ` ` f cjs

p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s , p ` r l , i u j f h l j p r ` f h d ù j j m j r j c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q ddh
h j,

f j h d ` s ` ` f t r ` b ù t j f t l j ccjj i j u s j i l m l c l k ddzz l ä c ( d I l r d f t d l s : 9 . : j c

)-

J f k ` c j f h l p r l v l i j r cj m j y l r r ` v l cu i dù f 7

r ` ` h d t j r cj
c j p ` c í i u c j h ` c d f i l f s i d ` f tt``
C j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s m u ` s t r j ` c h ` s j a í l q u ` G ` s ÷ s d oojj j
t `f
` f ``rr . @
@cc ÷ f d i l q u ` ` f i j g j o j ` f u f p j t r ù f j i ` p t j o c ` h ` i l m p l r -

t j m d ` f t l ` r j G u h j s , ` c q u ` c l v ` f h d ù y t r j ddii d l f ù . F l k j o ííjj m l h ` c l s .

J p j r `f t` m `f t` G ` s ÷ s s ` kjoíj ` q u dv l i j h l r l tu f h j m ` f t` `f su `c` i -

i d ùf
ùf . @ r j f ` i ` s j r d l r ` v l c u i d l f j r cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` j q u ` c c l s k l m o r ` s

p j r j q u ` ` c c l s r ` v l ccu
uidlfjrjf `c m uf hl.

J q u ` c cj s ` rí j cj m j y l r r ` v l cu i d ù f h ` t l h l s c l s t d ` m p l s . ^ ` r l ` s j

r ` vl
v l  ccu
u i ddùù f f l s ` k j rríí j m ` h d j f t ` ``cc u s l h ` j r m j s , a u ` r z j , i k j f t j gg`` ,

p r ` s d ù f , s d f l i l f p ` r h ù f , j i ` p t j i d ù f , m j f s ` h u m o r ` , t l cc`` r j f i d j . Y u s

hdsiípucl s fl ilf liíjf `s ` c`fbujg`. @

@cc p rrll y ` i t l h ` G ` s ÷ s p j r ``ii í j

c l iu
i u r j . @ rrjj i j s d d m p l s d o c ` j i t u j r ` f t r ` c l s o j s t d h l r ` s h ` c j m ` f t ` h `

c ls
ls h d s i íp u c l s , t r j f s a l r m j r c j s o j s ` s i l f s i d ` f t ` s ` d f i l f s i d ` f t ` s h `

s u s m ` m l r d j s y p r l h u i d r f u ` v j s i j r j i t ` r í sstt d i j s h ` p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` f ` c -

c ls.
I u j f h l j c b u d ` f f l s l a ` f h ` l i l f t r j r í j , s ` h d s p j r j `c h ` t l f j f t ` h `

cj m ` m l r d j q u ` ` f m d c ä s d m j s h ` s ` b u f h l s j o r ` j c b u f j s v ` f t j f j s h ` c

d f i l f s i d ` f t ` 7 c j s v ` f t j f j s h ` c j j b r ` s d v d h j h , h ` c l h d l , h ` c m d ` h l . @ f cj
cj

m j s j h ``cc i ` r ` o r l k j y u f j r ` b ddùù f h ` c t j m j ú l h ` c j i j o ` z j h ` u f j ccaa d c`

c` r

q u ` i l f t d ` f ` m d c` s h ` v ` f t j f j s i l f m d c c l f `s h ` d f a l r m j i d l f ` s .

C j m j y l r í j h ` f l s l t r l s f l s j o ` m l s c l iijj c d z j r c j s v ` f t j f j s p l s d t d v j s

l c js v ` f t j f j s f ` b j t d v j s h ` cj m ` m l r d j 5 y j u f q u ` s u p d ä r j m l s , f l p l -

h r í j m l s o l r r j r c j s l ` x t d f bbu
u d r c j ss.. @ f ccjj s i l m p u t j h l r j s , o l r r j r d f a l r -

m j i d ù f ` s c j t j r ` j m ê s a ê i ddcc . @ f ``cc s ` r k u m j f l ` s d m p l s d o c ` . F l

p u ` h ` f o l r r j r s ` c js
js m d s ` r d j s , c l s i l f a c d i t l s y c l s t r j u m j s j r i k d v j h l s .

C j ÷ f d i j p l s d o d c d h j h ` s r ` ` h d t j r c l s l r ` ` s i r d o ddrr c l s . Y d f r ` ` h d t j r c l s , ` s

d m p l s d o c ` t r j f s a l r m j r c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` j c b u dd`` f . ^ l h ` m l s pjsjr

jú ls kjid`fhl tr j t j m d ` f t l s p s d i l t ` r ê p d i l s s df q u ` kj y j i j m o d l s
sustjfidjc`s, ¼ I ù m l p r ` t ` f h í j G ` s ÷ s r ` ` h d t j r c j m ` m l r d j h ` c ls ls
h d s i í p u c l s ` f t j f p l i l t d ` m p l < X ``f
f íj
í j p l i l m ê s h ` t r ` s j ú l s p j r j c ll--

brjrcl.

Y d k u o d ` s ` s d h l p l s d o c ` s l m ` t ` r j c llss h d s i í p u c l s j u f t r j t j m d ` f t l

d f t`
t ` f s ddvv l i l f c l s m ê s a j m l s l s p s d i ù c l b l s y p s d q u d j t r j s , c l s r ` s u c -

t j h l s k j o r íj f s d h l m í f d m l s , d ^ l r q u ä < ^ l r q u ` c ls
ls h d s i í p u c l s f l

t`fíjf ilfid`fidj h` sus prloc`mjs. Cjs plsdodcdhjh`s pjrj cj su-

p ` r j i d ù f h ` u f j ` f a ` r m ` h j h s l c l s ` h j f i u j f h l `c p j i d ` f t ` r ` i l f l i `

su mjc y su * T l µ ` s i j p j z h ` h ` g j r h ` s ` f t d r s ` v í i td m j p jr j s ` r `c j u -

t l r h ` s u p r l p d j k d s t lr
l r d jj..

I u j f h l ` f t r ` f l j uf p s d i ù c l b l , c` k j b l v ` r q u ` h ` o ` j p r ` f h ` r j

` s t d m u c j r `c « Tl µ p j r j q u ` r ` ` s i r d o j ccjj s o j s ` s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h . @
@cc

« Tl µ , q u ` r ` p r ` s ` f t j c j v l c u f t j h i l f s i d ` f t ` , h ` o ` h ` g j r h ` s ` r `c

`sp`itjh lr pjsdvl h ` c j s m d s ` r d j s y j p r ` f h ` r j i l f l i ` r `c
`c a u f -
idlfjmd`ftl h` cj m`ft`, cls pjp`c`s h` cj m`mlrdj, cj ilfstruiidùf

o ê s d i j h ` cj s s ` i u ` f i d j s h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l , p j r j, ` f t l f i ` s , v l c v `r s `

c í h`
h` r h ` s í m d s m l .

Xlhjs cjs täifdijs psdilt`rjpäutdijs, juf qu ` dfilfsid`ft`m`ft`,

l o g ` t d v d z j f c j r ` ` h d i d ù f h ` c j p ` c í i u ccjj h ` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` y ` c r ` s i j t ` h `c
`c

cdh`rjzbl h`c « Tl µ . I u j f t l m j y l r ` s cj
c j i l f s i d ` f i d j , m j y l r cj
c j ` aadd -

id`fidj.

d ^ l r q u ä ` s t jf hdaíidc i j m o d j r cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h < ^ l r q u ` ` s t ê a l r -

m j h j p l r m d c ` s h ` j r i kd v l s i l m p c ` g l s q u ` i lf t d `f ` f d f f u m ` r j o c `

d f a l r m j i d ù f y ` x p ` r d ` f i d j s ` f ` c i l f s i d ` f t ` y ` f `c
` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` h ` cj

m ` m l r d j . F l t ` f ` m l s k ` r r j m d ` f t j s q u ` p u ` h j f i j m o d j r h ` al r m j

m ê b d i j ` s l s j r i k d v l s q u ` s ` d f t ` r r ` c j i ddll f j f h ` a l r m j m u c t d aall i j c .

J c b u f l s t ` ù r d i l s h ` cj p s d i l c l b í j i r ` ` f q u ` cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h s `
irdstjcdzj j cls sd`t` júls. ^`rl `sj `s ufj vdsdùf sdmpcdstj h` cj
psdqu`. J uf qu ` s`j ufj tjr`j h
hdd a í iidd cc,, s d ` m p r ` ` s p l s d o c ` t r j f s a l r m j r ccjj

p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` f i u j c q u d ` r j ä p l i j h ` c j vvdd h j , p r d f i d p j c m ` f t ` , i l m l h dd--

g ` , sd `c « Tl µ h ` g j h ` s ` r u f ` s p ` i t j h l r p j s d v l , s u o ` jc ` s i ` f j r d l h `

c j m ` f t ` y s ` v u ` c v ` ``cc h d r ` i t l r h ` c j j b ` f h j h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s y h `

cj s ` m l i d l f ` s .

@ s ` i l f i ` p t l r ` p r ` s ` f t j , ` f m d l p d f d ù f , c l m ê x d m l h ` c j p s d i l c l b ííjj

m ê s j v j f z j h j . Y ` r `a
` a d`
d ` r`
r ` j c j b ` r ` f i d j h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s y h ` c jjss

`m lidl f`s . @sj b ` r ` f i d j t d `f ` brjfh `s j p c d i j i ddll f ` s `f tlhj s c jjss

êr`js7 psdilclbíj icífdij, id`fidjs h` cj `huijidùf, id`fidjs plcítdijs,

slidlclbíj, h`r`ikl, adclslaíj.

C l s j f t d h ` p r ` s d v l s y c l s t r j f q u d c d z j f t ` s s l f ÷ ttdd c`
c` s p ` r l f l r ` ` h
hdd tj
tj f

c j p ` c ííii u c j h ` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` y f l c cc`` v jjf

f jc s`r k u m j f l j ilftrl cjr sus

j f b u s t d j s , j f s d ` h j h ` s l d h ` j s f ` b j t d v j s . Y d f l t r j o j g j c j s o j s ` s h ` ccjj
m ` m l r d j y f l j p r ` f h ` j c ddh
h ` r j r ss`` j s í m d s m j , c j p ` r s l f j s ` r ê u f j

` t ` r f j h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` h ` c l s p s d q u d j t r j s y h ` c ls
ls m ` h d i j m ` f t l s , j u f q u `

c ls
l s p s d q u d j t r j s f l h ` s ` ` f ttjj c h ` p ` f h ` f i d j .

@ c b r j f h ` s j a íl
íl h ` G ` s ÷ s

C l s h d s i í p u c l s ` r j f v í i t d m j s h ` c j s i j r j i t ` r ís t d i j s ` f a ` r m d z j s h `

s u s p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` s . @ s t j o j f c c ` f l s h ` i l f a c d i t l s ` f c ls
ls t` r r ` f l s i l f -

s i d ` f t` ` d f i l f s i d ` f t ` h ` c j m ` m l r d j . F l t` f íj f c j m ê s mífdmj

i j p j i dh j h h ` b l o ` r f j r s u s p s dq u ` s ` f c ls m l m ` f t l s h ` ` st rä s, 3 I ù -

m l j y u h j r c l s < « I ù m l r `` s ir do dr s u s m ` m l r d j s <

@f `stl fl k jy q u ` ` s p ` r j r m d cj b r l s . @c p r l i ` s l ` s i l m p c ` g l

p l r q u ` p j r j r ` ` s i rrdd o d r c llss j r i k d v l s h ` c j m ` m l r d j ` s f ` i ` s j r d l s l o r ` -

p l f ` r f u ` v j s ` x p ` r d ` f i d j s j c js
js j f t d b u j s . C j s h ` t l c `r j f i d j h ` o ` f
slor`plf`rs` j cjs h` hdsirdmdfjidùf7 cjs h` s`burdhjh j cjs h`
m d ` h l 5 c js
j s h ` p j i d ` f i ddjj h ` o ` f r ` b d s t r j r s ` ` f c l s m d c ` s h ` j r i k d v l s q u `

i l f t d ` f ` f m u i k j j b r ` s d v d h j h , y j s í p l r `c
` c ``ss t d cl
c l . C j s f u ` v j s ` x p ` r d-
d-

` f i d j s h ` o ` f s l o r ` p l f ` r s ` ` f c j m ` h d h j q u ` c llss j r i k d v l s i l f t j m -

d f j h l s s ` j o r ` f ` f c ls
ls a l i l s h ` t ` f s dù f .

I u j f h l s u r b ` f `c m d ` h l , c j s i r d sd s h ` p ê f di l , c js r ` j i i d l f ` s j b r ` -

s d vj s , c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s f ` b j t d v l s , `c « Tl µ h` o` j p r l v ` i k j r cj

l p l r t u f d h j h p j r j j s u m d r ``cc i l f t r l c h ` c j t r j m j h ` c t ` j t r l h ` c j m ` f t `

y r ``sirdodr cl . 3 Iùml k ji`r ` s l < Irdtdijfhl, il f arl f tj fh l , j f j c-

d z j f h l d f t ` c d b ` f t ` m ` f t ` i j h j ` x p ` r dd`` f i d j . H ` ` s j a l r m j , r d i j s vd
vd v ` f -

i d j s s ` s l o r ` p l f h r ê f j c l s j r i k ddvv l s i l f t j m d f j h l s h j f h l c u b j r j u f j

c d m p d` zj ` f c js « ik jo lcj sµ hä cj m`mlrdj.

Q ` j `c b r j f p r l o c ` m j jc q u ` s ` v d l ` f a r ` f t j h l G ` s ÷ s . C l s h d s i í p u c l s

f l s j o í j f j i t u j r ` f s u p r l p d l m u f h l d f t`
t ` rd
r d l rr.. F l t ` f í j f i l f i d ` f i d j
h ` s u s p r l p d j s c d m d t j id
id l f `s . @ r jf t í m d h l s ` s p ` i t j h l r ` s h ` s u s i l f -

a c d it
i t ls
l s . F l s j o í j f i ù m l ` f ttrr j r h ` f t r l h ` ` c c l s m d s m l s f d i ù m l r ` i j -

p j i dt
dt j r s u s v d h j s . 3 I ù m l j y u h j r c l s <

Md`ftrjs jilmpjújojf j G`s÷s, cls hdsiípucls pjr`iíjf `stjr r``hd-

t j f h l c llss j r i k d v l s q u ` i l f t ` f í j f r ` j i i d l f ` s j b r ` s d v j s ` ddf
f t l c` r j ft ` s .

^ l r j cb ÷f t d ` m p l s ` m l s t r j r l f j m j o c ` s y b ` ft dc `s i l f t l h l s cl s q u `

c l s r l h ` j o j f . ^ j r ` iiíí j f k j o ` r s ` v u ` c tl
tl c l s k l m o r ` s m ê s p j i d ` f t ` s y

t l c ` r j f t ` s h ` c j t dd`` r rj
r j . ^ ` r l m u i k l s j r i k d v l s h ` c j p`
p ` r ddaa ` rd
r d j h ` cj
cj

m` m lrdj, q u` `stêf `f cls rdfilf`s h

h`` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` , j ÷ f f l k j o í j f

s d h l r ` ` h d tj h l s .

^ l r ` s l , h ` r ` p ` f t ` , i u j f h l j c b u d ` f c ls
l s r ` i k j z ù l i r dt
d t di
d i ù,
ù, s ` h d s p j r ù

` c b j ttdd cccc l h ` c j m ` m l r d j , s ` j o r d ` r l f j c b u f j s v ` f t j f j s y ` s l s j r i k d v l s

l i u c t l s q u ` h j r l f j c j v d s t jj.. @ f t l f i ` s , h ` f u ` v l r ` j i i d l f j f d m p u c s d -

v j m ` f t` , k drd`fhl j l trjs p ` r s l f j s sdf p ` f sj r `f cjs i l f s ` i u ` f i dj s

h ` s u s k ` i k l s . ¼ Z u ä k j o íj p j s j h l < K j o í j f t ` f dh l u f j r ` i j í h j . « Z u ä

k j i ` r < 3 H ` s d st
s t dr
d r < ¡ G j m ê s ! @ f ` s l s i j s l s s l c l k j y u f i j m d f l 7 s ` b u ddrr

r ` ` h dt
d t j f h l f u ` v l s j r i k ddvv l s . C j s r ` i j í h j s f l h ` o ` f p r l h u i d r h ` s ê f -

dml, mês od`f h`o`f prl huidr ufj mltdvjidùf ` x ttrr j p j r j s`budr

r ` ` s i r d o d ` f h l c l s j r i k d v l s j ÷ f f l t r j o j gj h l s .

I l m l G ` s ÷ s f l s l c l q u ` r ííjj m ` g l r j r jjcc s ` r k u m j f l , s d f l t r j f s -

a l r m j r c l h ` j h ` f t r l k j i d j a u ` r j , t ` f h r í j q u ` ttrr j o j g j r i l f t l h j s c j s

r ` i j í h j s h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s . F ` i ` s d t j r í j t ` f ` r u f j p j i d ` f i d j a u ` rj h ` c l

i l m ÷ f , j f d m j h l p l r u f j ` s p ` r j f z j a ` f l m ` f j c . ¡ T t l h l ` s l c l t u v ll!!

F uf ij j c b u d `f r ` v ` cù t ` f ` r t j f t j p j i d ` f i d j . C l s h d s i í p u c l s f l ` f -

t ` f h í j f i j s d f j h j h ` c l q u ` ääcc h ` i í j . K j i í j f c l i l f t r j r d l h ` c l q u `

l í j f , p ` r l äc
ä c i r ` ííjj s ` r i j p j z h ` t r j f s a l r m j r c ` s s u s v d h j s .

C l s h d s i í p u c l s a r u s t r j rrll f j G ` s ÷ s p l r m ê s h ` ttrr ` s j ú l s . @ f c j s ÷ c t d -
m j s k l r j s , j f t ` s h ` m llrr dr
dr , c l h ` i ` p i d l f j r l f j ÷ f m ê s . @
@cc M j ` s t r l

t `f íj t l h l s c l s m l t d v l s h `c m u f h l p j rj l cv dh j rc l s p ` r l g j m ê s h ` -

s d s t d ù h ` f d f b u f l h ` ` c ccll s , f
fdd s d q u d ` r j h ` c t r j dh
d h l rr.. ¼ Z u ä j m l r ` s ä s `

q u ` f l h ` s d s t `<

G` s÷ s sjoíj q u ` su prly`itl il m p r`f h `ríj tl hj ufj vdhj. I lf sus

k`ik ls y sus pjcjorjs h`m lstrù q u ` t ` f íj `c m ê s j ct

ct l f
fdd v ``cc h `

i l f l i d m d ` f t l h ` p s d i l ccll b í j . J f k ` c j o j j c b l m ê s p r l a u f h l q u ` c l s

p s d i ù c l b l s h ` c j j i t u j c ddh
h j h . H ` s ` j o j q u ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s r ` ` ssii r d o d ` r j f

hdjrdjm `ft` cls p r ddf

fidpjc`s ijpítucls h` su k d s t llrr d j oj sj hl s `f

fu`vjs, o`ccjs y `c`vjhjs `xp`rd`fidjs `xdst`fidjc`s. Ir`ù h`cdo`r-

j h j m ` f t ` j m o d ` f t ` s p ` h j b ù b d i l s ` f c j s p c j y j s , ` f c l s m l f t ` s , ` f c jjss

s d f j b l b j s , p j r j p r l h u i d r ` x p ` r d ` f i d j s y s l o r ` p l f ` r c j s j c llss j r i k d v l s

` f a ` r m d z l s q u ` a l r m j o j f c j t ``cc j h ` s u s p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` s . A u
u`` u f v ` r -
hjh `rl `ftr`fjm d`ftl. @c mj ylr qu ` s` kjyj r `j cd zj h l
ilfsid`ft`m`ft`.

Q j m l s j ` x j m d f j r j k l r j i ù m l G ` s ÷ s p r l b r j m ù ` c i j m o d l h ` cj

p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` s u s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i í p u c l s . C j s p j r ê o l c j s , c l s c ` p rl s l s ,

cjs p`rs`iuidlf`s y cls rd`sbls h` mu`rt` j qu` s` vd`rlf `xpu`stls,

t l h l cl i u j c ` r j f p j r t ` h ` s u ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l .
 8 S @C Q @ F H @ H L _ H@ Y P @ Ú L Y

Y l m l s c j ÷ f d i j b ` f ` r j i d ù f h ` t l h j c j k d s t l r ddjj q u ` i l f s d b u d ù h ` s t r u ddrr

h ` c l s g ù v ` f ` s c j i j p j i d h j h h ` s l ú j r y h ` i u ` s td l f jr . @f cj s b ` f ` r j -

i d l f ` s p j s j h j s , ` s t l s i r d td ij o jf ` c m u f h l h ` c l s j h uc tl s , p r l t ` s tj o j f

i l f t rj c l s i l f i ` p t l s s l i d jc ` s , s l ú j o j f ilf brjf h`s ilfq udstjs, d

Hù fh` ` s t êf jklrj `sl s su` úl s< ¼ Hù fh` ` s t êf `sl s i u ` s t ddll f 

jmd`ftls<

Y d b u ` f s d ` f h l j b r ` s d v l s , p ` r l s u r ` o ` cch
híj fl `s ilftrj cjs « hrlb js

µ s l i d j c ` s q u ` i l f s t r u d m l s , s d f l p l r q u ` q u dd`` r ` f i l f s u m d r c j s ` f h l -

s d s i j h j v ` z m ê s b r j f h ` s . F l s ` r ` o ` c j f i l f t r j ` c i l f s u m d s m l , cj

p j r j f l d j h ` c j ` s t ä t ddii j y c j c l i u r j h
h`` c p c j i ` r ddf
fm `hdjtl prl hui dhls plr

c ls
l s m ` h d l s h ` i l m u f d i j i d ù f s d f l q u ` j m j f ` s ` v ` f ` f l . @ c a u t u r l cc`` s
` s p l i l d m p l r t j f t ` 5 c l q u ` c ``ss d m p l r t j ` s v ddvv dr
dr `c k l y ` f a l r m j d f -

t ` f s j . F l t d ` f ` f u f b r j f l o g ` t d v l p l r ``cc i u j c c u
uii k
kjj r.
r. Y l f m `rls

ilf sum dhlr `s, f÷ m `rl s h` iähu cjs h` d h ` f ttdd h j h y h ` t j r g ` t j s h `

irähdtl.

C j b ` f ` r j i ddùù f h ` g ù v ` f ` s q u ` i r ` i d ù i ` r i j h j p l r ` c i l f s u m d s m l y

p l r c j p j r j f l d j h ` c j ` s ttää t d i j h ` g ù h ` s l ú j r . ^ ` r h d ` r l f r ê p d h j m ` f t ` `c

` f i j f t l p l r c j v d h j . C j s f j i d l f ` s m l h ` r f j s ` s t ê f p j b j f h l u f j cctt l

p r ` i d l p l r k j o ` r m j t j h l c llss s u ` ú l s h ` s u s k d g l s . L o s ` r v j f p ` r p c ` g j s

j s u s g ù v ` f ` s s u d i d h ê f h l s ` , h r l b ê f h l s ` y h ` s jr r l cc j f h l t rj s tl r f l s

psíqudils.

C l s p r l b r j m j s d f a j f t ddcc ` s ` f c j t ` c ` v d s d ù f q u ` ` s t d m u c j f ` c i l f s u m -

d s m l y f l p r l m u ` v ` f ` c h ` s j r r l c ccll h ` c j s a u f i d l f ` s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s

h ` c j df
d f t ` c d b`
b ` f iidd j i l m l c j i j p j i d h j h h ` p ` f s j r j f t ` s h ` r ` j i i d l f j r l
h ` t rj o j gj r c js a r u s tr j i d l f ` s , k j f i l m ` t d h l u f i r dm ` f ` m l i d l f j c
i l f t r j c l s f d ú l s . X l h j s ccjj s d m ê b ` f ` s h ` ` s l s p r l b r j m j s s l f r ` b -

dstrjhjs `f `c ilfsid`ft` ` dfilfsid`ft` h` cj m`mlrdj dfajftdc,

i l f t j m d f j f h l ``cc j m l r p l r c j v d h j y c j a l r m j i d ù f h `c
`c « Tl µ il m l

c íh
í h `r
`r h ` c j p s d q u ` .

C l s r ` b j c l s y c ls
ls l o g ` t l s q u ` f u ` s t r l s f d ú l s i l f s u m ` f i l f j v dh ` z

p r l h u i ` f u f p c j i ` r r ê p d h l y s u p ` r aadd i ddjj c . C j ` m l i d ù f s ` v u ` c v ` d f
f--

` s t j o c ` y j f s d l s j . ^ j s j h l s j c b u f l s h í j s , p d ` r h ` f ` c p ccjj i ` r p l r ccll q u `

pls`` f y ousi jf ltrls lo g`tls pjrj s j t ds a j i ` r s ` , b`f`rjf hl uf

m `ijf dsm l iuyl s p rd fi dp dl s s` js` m `gjf j cj h ` p ` f h ` f i d j psd-

i l c ù b d i j h ` c j s h r l b j s . C j a ` c d i ddh
hjh s` vu` cv` uf `sp` gdsm l.

M d l o g ` t d v l j c ` s i r d o d r ` c c ddoo r l H d ` z c ` y ` s p j r j s ` r a ` c d z ` s m l s t r j r qu
qu `

c j a ` c ddii d h jjh
h f l ` s l o r j h ` c j i j s l , s d f l q u ` ` s u f j i l f q u d s t j . @ f äc

mu`strl, `ftr` cjs hd`z k`rrjmd`ftjs h` cj psdilclbíj pjrj ilfqudstjr

u f j o u ` f j i j c d h j h h ` v d h j ` f ` s t j o ` c c í s d m j y t u r o u c ` f t j ``xx d s t`
t` f i d j ,

i l m l b l o ` r f j r cl s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s , i ù m l j h m d f ds t rj r cjs ` m l i d l f ` s ,

i ù m l i l f t ` m p c j r c l o ``cc cl
c l , i ù m l t r j o j ggjj r ccjj s p ä r h d h j s y c j s a r u s t r j -

i d l f ` s . Yd
Yd cl s g ù v ` f ` s f l j p r ` f h ` f j u s j r ` s j s k ` r r j m d ` f t j s , f l

s l ú j r ê f y f l i l f l i ` r ê f h í j s a`
a ` cd
c d ii`` s .

C l s p j h r ` s y cl s p r l a ` s l r ` s h ` o `r í j f s ` r v ` f h ` h l r ` s h ` s u ` ú l s .

H ` o ` r í j f p c j f t j r c j s m ê s o ` c ccjj s s ` m d c c j s ` f ` c d f tt`` r dl
dl r h ` s u s k d g l s y

j c u m f l s p j r j t l r f j r c l s d f t ` cc`` i t u j c m ` f t ` c ddoo r ` s y ` m l i d l f j c m ` f t ` oorr d c -

cjft`s. Ilml v`r`mls, G`s÷s td`f` muikl qu` `fs`újrfls `f iujftl

j `sl.

P f v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ``ú
úls

C j v dh j s d f s u ` ú l s ` s i l m l u f i dd`` cl
c l s d f ` s t r ` cccc j s,
s, i l m l u f j

m j ú j f j s df
d f c u zz,, s ` i j y ê r d h
hjj .
 G ` s ÷ s ` s `c m j y l r v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s h ` q u ` s ` t ` f b j f l t d i d j s .

^ j r ` i ` r j rl u s j r cj ` x p r ` s d ù f « v`f h` hl r h` su`ú ls µ , p u ` s cls

s u ` ú l s f l s ` v ` f h ` f . ^ ` r l ` s t j ` s u f j a l r m j p l ä t d i j q u ` o u s i j r ``--

t r j t j r c j d f d b u j c j o c ` i j p j i d h j h h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j p j r j d f s p d r j r ccjj

` m l i d ù f h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s y r ` v l c u i d l f j r s u a l r m j h ` v ` r c j v dh
dh j.

@ f u f m u f h l h l f h ` t l h l s ` v ` f h ` , h l f h ` t l h l ttdd ` f ` s u p r ` i d l ,

G ` s ÷ s c c j m ù j j c b u f l s g ù v ` f ` s d f ` x p ` r t l s y, c ` f t j m ` f t ` , c ` s v ` f h d ù ` f

a l r m j b r j t u ddtt j j q u ` c c l q u ` f l s ` p u ` h ` i l m p r j r 7 c ls
ls m ê s a j s i df j f t ` s

s u ` ú l s q u ` u f s` r k u m j f l p u ` h j t`f`r.

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` ccll s M j ` s t r l s j f h j o j p l r c j s i d u h j h ` s , c jjss j c h ` j s y

plr cj lrdccj h`c mjr, `xplfd`fhl sus dh`js. Yu hdsiursl `c`itrdzjoj j

cls ly`f t`s. ¼ I u ê c ` s a u ` r l f c l s p r d f iidd p j cc`` s s u ` ú l s q u ` j o r d ``rr l f c jjss

v ` f t j f j s h ` cj df t` cdb ` f i dj h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s ` drr dbj r l f s u s v d h j s i l f

u f j m ` t j s u p ` r d l r<

J . @ c s u ` ú l h ` u f r ` d f l gu
gu s t l 7 ` c _ ` df l h ` cl s i d` cl s

J G ` s ÷ s c l j f u f i d ù G u j f `c O j u t d s t j , u f k l m o r ` ÷ f d i l q u ` p r l i c j m -

j o j ` f v l z jjcc t j7
j7 « J r r ` p ` f t d l s , p l r q u ` s ` j i ` r i j ``cc r ` d f l h ` c l s i d ` c l s

µ ( M j t ` l 9 . ?)
?) . C j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` cl l í j f q u ` h j o j f p ` r p c `g j s . ^ l s d o c ` -

m `ft` s` kjyjf pr`buf tjhl7 « « Z u d ä f ` s ` s ` k l m o r ` < ¼ Z u ä ` s t ê h dd--

i d ` f h l < I l f l i ` m l s c l s r ` d f l s h ` ccjj t dd`` rrrr j,

j , i l f l i ` m l s ` c DDm
mp`rdl _l-

m j f l , p ` r l f u f i j l í m l s k j o ccjj r h ` u f r ` d f l h ` c ls
l s i d ` ccll s . ¼ Z u ä s d b -

f da
d a di
d i j j r r ` p ` f t d r s ` p j r j r ` i d o ddrr u f f u ` v l r ` d f l < µ

«J rr`p `f tdrs` µ p j r ` i ` u f j i l s j s ` f iidd c c j , p ` r l , ` f r ` j c dh

dh j h , ` s u f j

h ` cj s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s ` m p r ` s j s h ` c j d f tt`` c d b ``f
f i dj k u m j f j . Cj s

i l m p u t j h l r j s g j m ê s ` g ` i u t j r ê f ` s j ttjj r ` j p ` s ` j q u ` p u ` h ` f j c m j -

i ` f j r o d cccc l f ` s h ` h j t l s . @ f ``cc aau

u t ur l , c j s i l m p u t j h l r j s p l h r ê f t ` f ` r
m d cc l f `s h ` v ` i ` s m ê s q u ` j k l r j cj i j p j i d h j h h ` j c m j i ` f j r y p r l i ` -

s j r df a l r m j i d ù f p ` r l g j m ê s p l h r ê f j r r ` p ` f t d r s ` h ` s u s ` r r lr ` s . ^ l -

hrêf s ` ú j c j r ` r r l r ` s , p ` r l f l t ` f h r ê f i l f i d ` f i d j h ` `c
` c cl
cl s , f l s `

j r r ` p ` f t d r ê f f d t ` f h r ê f s ` f t d m d ` f t l s h ` i u ccpp j .

I u j f h l u s t ` h a jjcc cj
c j y ` s i l f s i d ` f t ` h ` ` s j a jjcc c j,
j, i u j f h l s ` j r r ` p d -

` f t ` y p d h ` h d s i u c p j s , u s t ` h ` s t ê , i l f ` s j s d m p c ` j i ttdd tu
tu h , s d ` f h l m ê s

i l m p c ` g l q u ` c j s s ÷ p ` r i l m p u t j h l r j s . ^ l r ` s l , c l s a u ` r tt`` s r ` i l f l i ` f

s u s ` r r l r ` s , c l s h ä o d c`
c ` s f l c l s j h m d t ` f 5 c l s a u ` r t ` s j h m d t ` f s u s c dm
d m d ttjj -

i d l f ` s , c l s h ä o d c ` s c j s h d s a r j z j f . O j g l ccjj p ` r s p ` i t d v j h ` ` s l s p j r ê m ` t -

r ls
l s , i l f s t j t j m l s q u ` k j y m u i k l s d f t ` c`
c` i tu j c` s q u ` s l f h ä o d c` s , y

m u i k l s s ` r ` s k u m j f l s s df
d f i u c t u r j j i j h ä m d i j q u ` s l f a u ` r t`
t` s.

C j p j c jo r j « j r r ` p ` ft d rs ` µ u s j h j p l r G ` s ÷ s ` x p ccll r j o j u f j d m p l r -

t j f t ` a u f i d ù f h ` c j d f tt`` c db
d b ` f i d jj.. F l d m p c d i j o j i u c p j , j u t l i j s t d b l l
c j m ` f t l , s d f l k j i ` r u f j r ` v ddss d ù f h ` v ddh
h j , i l r r ` b d r ccjj s r u t j s h ` c p ` f -

s j m d ` f t l y h ` c l s i l f i ` p t l s . C l s q u ` f l ttdd ` f ` f v j c l r p j r j r ` ` v j ccu
ujr

s u s v d h j s s d ` m p r ` s ` r ê f v í i t d m j s , y f l j u t l r ` s h ` s u p r l p d j k d s tl
t l r d j.
j.

Q l c v d ` f h l jc h d s i u r s l h ` G u j f `c O j u t d s t j , `c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` -

strl s kjocjoj h ` uf r`dfl qu ` `stjoj m ês j cc

c c ê h ` c l s c íím
m d tt`` s h `

t d ` m p l ` s p j i d l 5 a u ` r j h ` c j ` s a ` r j h ` c js
j s r ` c j i d l f ` s s l i d j c ` s y ppll c íítt d i j s

h ` c l s b l o d ` r f l s k u m j f l s . @ r j u f r ` d f l h ` l ttrr j h d m ` f s d ù f , i l f l tr
tr j

l r b j f d z j i d ù f y ` s ttrr u i t u r j . Ä c s ` h u i í j j sus l y`f t`s ilf u f r `d f

fll

hlfh` cj gustdidj s`ríj pjrt` h` cj rutdfj slidjc, cj pjz kjodtjríj `c t`rrd-

t l r d l h ` c j s ` m l i d l f ` s , c js
j s j f b u s t d j s y j aacc di
di i dl f ` s k u m j f j s h ` g jr íj f

h ` ` xd
x d s td
td r . ¼ F l ` s ä s ` u f b r j f s u ` ú l <

Cls guhíls ilflid`rlf `c r`dfl h` K`rlh`s `c Brjfh`, qu` blo`rfù

j D s rj
r j ``cc p l r h ä i j h j s . Y u r ` d f l a u ` d f k u m j f l y ` x p cl
cl t jh l r . H ` s p u ä s h `

s u m u ` r t ` , D sr
s r j ` c s ` h d v dh
d h d ù ` f B j c d cc`` j y G u h ` j . @ f c l s t d ` m p l s h `
G ` s ÷ s , `c ` m p ` r j h l r r l m j f l ` r j ` c q u ` f l m o r j o j j c l s b l o ` r f j h l r ` s .

^ d c jt
jt ls b l o ` r f j o j ` f G u h ` j , h l f h ` ` s t j o j G ` r u s j cä f , y K ` r l h ` s J f -

t d p j s , B j c d cc`` j .

^ j r j j b r j h j r j _ l m j y m l s t r j r a d h ` c ddh
h j h jjcc ` m p ` r j h l r , ^ d c j t l s y

K ` r l h ` s J f t dp j s b l o ` r f j o j f i l f m j f l h ` k d` rr l ` s j s h l s r `b dl f `s .

C l s d m p u ` s t l s ` r jf p ` s j h l s . @c p u ` o c l s u a r í j k j m o r ` . I u j c q u d ` r

m lvdm d`ftl s l i d jc `rj ilf sdh` rjh l r ` o ` c d ùùf

f i l f t r j `c räbdm`f, y

m j s j i r j h l . F d ú l s y j h u c t l s v ddvv í jjf
f jt`m lrdz jh ls. @rj u
uff r ` ddf
f l ddf
f g u s ttll

y v d l c ` f t l ` s ` ` f `c q u ` c l s g u h í l s v d v í j f . P f b l o d ` r f l h l f h ` cj m j y -

l r íj
í j s l s t ` f í j c j s r ` b j c ííjj s h ` u f j m d f l r í jj..

@ f ` s ` i c d m j j p j r ` i d ù ` c k l m o r ` G ` s ÷ s . Y df
d f ` g ä r i ddtt l f
fdd p l m p j , h ` -

s j a d j f h l `c
` c p l h ` r l s l D m p ` r d l _ l m j f l jjcc p r l i c j m j r l t r l r ` ddf
fl hlfh `

i j h j s ` r k u m j f l f l s ` r íj
í j m ê s u f f ÷ m ` r l ` f c j m u cctt dt
dt uh , h l f h ` i j h j
m d s ` r j o c ` t ` f h r í j s t j t u s h ` p r í f i ddpp ` . @ f ` s ` r ` ddf
f l , f j h d ` g j m ê s s ` rí j

` x ic
ic ud hl , h d s i r dm d f j h l , l a ` f h d h l , r ` i k j z j h l , d f i l m p r ` f h d h l .

G ` s ÷ s f l t ` f í j f d c j j p j r d ` f i d j , f d c j s r l p j s , f d ` c ` g ä r i d t l h ` u f r` y,

p ` r l ` r j u f v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s . H ` t r ê s h ` äc d o j u f j p ` q u ` ú j i l m d -

t d v j a l r m j h j p l r u f b r u p l h ` g ù v ` f ` s d m p r ` s d l f j h l s p l r s u s p j cc--

j o r j s . J q u ` c c l s g ù v ` f ` s ` r j f a r ê b d cc`` s y h ` s i j c ddaa d i j h l s , p ` r l i l m ` f -

z j o j f j ` m p u ú j r ccjj o j f h ` r j h ``cc i j m o d l h ` c s d s t ` m j s l i d j c . Y d o d`
d` f

i l f l i í j f p l i l j jq u äc j q u d ` f s `b u í j f , ` st j o j f j f d m j h l s i l f s u h ` -

i d s d ù f h ` ` f a r ` f t j r jc m u f h l .

@ rj
r j j q u ` c c j u f j ä p l i j h ` t ` rr
r r lr
lr . @
@cc m l m ` f t l p l ccíí td
t d il
il r ` i l m ` f h j o j

s d c ` f i d l y h d s i r ` i d ù f . ^ ` r l f j h j i j cccc j r í j ccjj v l z h ` c m ê s a j s i d f j f t `

v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s h ` t l h l s c l s t d ` m p l s . Äc m l r d r í j p l r s u s s u ` ú l s .

G j m ê s h ` s ds tdr íj h ` `ccl s. Au` uf M j ` s t r l Df lcvdhjoc`.

; . @ c s u ` ú l h ` c j c ddoo ` r t j h 7 i ê r i ` c a ííss d i j y ` m l i d l f j c

F j h j t l i j t j f k l f h l `c
` c j c m j k u m j f j i l m l c j f ` i ` s d h j h h ` cd
cd o -

` r t j h . Y df
d f c d o ` rrtt j h,
h , `c
` c s ` r k u m j f l s ` h ` s t r u y ` , s ` h ` p r d m ` , s ` v u ` c vv``

d f a`
a ` cd
c d z y ` r r j f t ` . G ` s ÷ s v ` f h í j ` c s u ` ú l h ` c j c do
d o ` rt
rt jh ` f s u s j s p ` i t l s

m ê s j m p c dl s . Y u s p j c j o rj s s l f m u y j i t uj c` s . Q d v d m l s ` f s l i d ` h j h ` s

h ` m l i r ê t d i j s . K j o c j m l s t j f t l h ` c d oo`` r t j h , p ` r l , a r ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` , f l

s l m l s cdo r` s h ` ft rl h ` f l s l t r l s m d s m l s .

C j s i ê r i ` c ` s s d ` m p r ` k j f s d h l u f i j s t d b l m ê s p j r j cj ` m l i d ù f q u `

p j rj
r j ``cc i u ` r p l . F l i l r r d b ` f ``cc i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l , f l ` h u i j f , f l r ` ` h -

d t jf
j f c l s j r i k d v l s ` f a ` r m d z l s h ` c j m ` m l r d j q u ` c c`
c ` v j r l f j c d f h d vd
vd h u l j

h ` c ddf
fqu
udd rr.. @c
@ c s d s t ` m j p ` f d t ` f i ddjj r d l f l t r j f s a l r m j c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h `

u f i r dm
d m d f j cc,, s l c j m ` f t ` cc`` d m p l f ` h l c l r ` m l i d l f j c . C l s p r ` s d h d j r d l s

s u ` ú j f i l f s ` r c d oorr ` s 7 c d o r ``ss p j r j j f h j r , s jc
j c dr
d r , v ` r ` c s l cc,, i l f t ` m p c j r
c js
j s a c llrr ` s . J c b u f l s i j v j f t ÷ f ` c ` s h u r j f t ` j ú l s p j r j ` s i j p j r . @
@cc j f k ` c l

p l r c do
d o ` r tj
tj h c l s i l f s u m ` h d j r d j m ` f t ` .

Cj hditjhurj plcítdij `s ltrj alrmj h` ilftrlc h` cj cdo`rtjh. Pf hdi-

t j h l r i l f t r l c j j u f p u ` o c l u t d c d z j f h l c j s j r m j s y ` c s d s t ` m j p l ccdd id
i d jc
jc

i l m l k ` r r j m d ` f t j s q u ` l p r d m ` f y h l m d f j f . C j s p ` r s l f j s f l s l f cd-

o r ` s p j r j ` x p r ` s j r s u s d h ` j ss.. J h ` m ê s h ` c j h d i t j h u r j h ` c @ s t j h l , ` x -

d st
s t ` c j h d i t j h u r j ` m l i d l f j c ` ddf
f t ``cc ` i t u
ujj c . K j y m u i k l s h d i t j h l r ` s m ` t d -

h l s ` f c j s a j m d cd j s y ` f c j s ` m p r ` s j s .

@c m u f h l t d ` f ` q u ` b d r j r ` f t l r f l j ` s l s h d i t j h l r ` s . Y u s v ` r h j h ` s

s l f j o s l c u t j s . F l p ` r m d t ` f q u ` c j s p ` r s l f j s ` x p r ` s ` f s u s d h ` j s fd

j h m d t ` f s ` r i l f t r j r d j h l s . D m p l f ` f m d ` h l j c l s k d gl
g l s y j cj
cj s ` s p l s j s .

J m ` f j z j f j s u s aufidlfjrdls. C`s b u stj p r l i cj m j r 7« ¡Tl k j b l ! ¡ P s t -

` h ` s h ` p ` f h ` f h ` m í ! ¡T
¡ T l p j b l c j s i u ` f t j s ! ¡ T l m j f h l j qqu
u í!
í! Z u d ä f

f l ` s t u v d ` r ` i l f t ` f t l , ¡ q u ` s ` v j y jj!! µ

X j c ` s h d i t j h l r ` s p j r ` i d ` r j f ` s t j r c ddoo r ` s , p ` r l , ` f r ` j ccdd h j h , ` s t ê f p r ` -
sls. Ilftrlcjf j cls h`mês plrqu` slf `sicjvls h`ftrl h` `ccls mds-

m l s , i l f t r l c j h l s p l r s u l r b u c ccll , s u j r r l b j f i d j , s u j b r ` s d v d h j h . L i u c -

t j f s u a r j b d c dh
dh j h h ` t r ê s h ` c h d f ` r l l h ` c p l h ` r . @ f c l í f t d m l , t l h j p ` r -

s l f j j u t l r d t j r ddjj ` s h ä o d cc.. C l s h ä o d c ` s u s j f c j a u ` r z j , c l s a u ` r t ` s u s j f

` c h d ê c l b l . C l s h ä o d cc`` s h l m d f j f j c l s h ` m ê s , c l s a u ` r t ` s p r l m u ` v ` f

c j ccdd o ` rrtt j h . @ x d s t ` f h d s t d f t j s a l r m j s h ` r ` s t r d f b d r c j ccdd o ` r ttjj h . C j v d l -

c `f
` f i ddjj ` m l i d l f j c ` s u f j h ` ` c ccjj s . P f j m d f l r í j h ` í h l c l s a j o r ddii j h l s

p l r cl s m ` h d l s h ` i l m u f d i j i d ù f s ` ` f t r l m ` t ` ` f c j ` m l i d ù f h ` u f j

b r j f m j y l r í j . C j b ` f ` r j c dz j i d ù f h ` c l s m ` h d l s h ` i l m u f d i j i d ù f k j i `

qu` muikls brjvdt`f `f tlrfl h` jcbufls jitlr`s, h`plrtdstjs, ijf-

t j f t ` ss,, i l m l s d a u ` r j f s ÷ p ` r k u m j f l s .

C j a j m j ` s c j m ê s b r j f h ` ` s t u p d h ` z d f t ``cc ` iitt u j c h ` c j s s l i d ` h j h ` s
m l h ` r f j s . J u f q u ` s ` j ` x t r ` m j h j m ` f t ` v j c l r j h j , ccjj a j m j p r l h u i `

dfa`cdidhjh. Ylcl sus prdm`rls fdv`c`s prlhui`f pcji`r. @c äxdtl `s

c ` b í td
t d m l . H ` o ` m l s c u i k j r p l r j c i j f z j r ``cc äx
ä x d t l ` f c j i j r r ` r j , ` f c js
js

r ` c j i d l f ` s s l i d j c ` s , ` f c j r ` j c d zj
z j i d ù f h ` f u ` s t r j s m ` t j s . ^ ` r l ``cc ä xxdd tl
tl

o u s i j h l l o g ` t d v j f h l ccjj a j m j s ` p u ` h ` v l c v ` r u f j b r j f t r j m p j ` m l -

i d l f j c,
c, p u ` s , ar ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` , p r l h u i ` j f b u s t d j , s l c ` h j h , p ä r h dh j h `

cj s ` f i d c c ` z y h ` c j p r d v j i d h j h .

@ f r ` j c dh
d h j h , f l ` x d sstt ` f s ` m d h d l s ` s . F l k j y p ` r s l f j s ` s p ` i d j c ` s q u `

f l s ` j f i l m u f ` s , fd i l m u f ` s q u ` f l s ` j f ` s p ` i d j c ` s . X l h l s t ` f -

` m l s p r l o c ` m j s , d f i ` r t d h u m o r ` s , j f s d ` h j h ` s y h d aadd i u cctt j h ` s . C j ` x -

j c tj
t j i d ù f h ` ccjj a j m j p r l h u i d h j p l r ccll s m ` h d l s h ` i l m u f d i j i d ù f k j

h ` s t r u d h l c ls
l s s u ` ú l s m ê s o ` c c l ss.. C l s g ù v ` f ` s h ` g j f h ` j h m d r j r c js
js

j i t d v dh
d h j h ` s h ` s u s p j h r ` s , f l ` f i u ` f t r j f h ` c ``dd t ` ` f c ls
ls p c j i ` r ` s s ` f -

i d c ccll s , fl jpr`idjf `c `sau` rzl h d j r dl qu ` kjrê h` ` c ccll s k ärl` s

j f ù f d m l s , r ` j c d z j h l s ``f
f s u s j i t d v d h j h ` s . H ` s ` j f s ` r a j m l s l s h ` cj
f l i k ` j cj
cj m j ú j f j i l f q u d s t j f h l c j s p r d m ` r j s p ê b d f j s h ` c l s p ` r -

d ù h d i l s . Z u d ` r ` f ` c p r ` m d l s d f ``cc ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l , ` c ä x ddtt l s d f c j s o j s ` s .

Y l f i j f h d h j t l s j ccjj a r u s t r j i d ù f ` f ` s t j ` x d s t ` f i d j q u ` ` s t j f o r ` v ``..

G ` s ÷ s k j o cj o j h ` u f j cdo`rtjh p l ä tdi j . F l p r ` s d l f j o j j f j h d ` pjrj

q u ` cl
c l s d b u d`
d` r j . F u f i j s j i j o j p r l v ` i k l h ` c j s s d t u j i d l f ` s p j r j i l f -

t rl cj r j c js p ` r s l f j s . M u i k l s p l cí td il s m ` h d l i r ` s i l f t r j t j f j p r l a `-

s d l f j c ` s h ` m j r e ` t d f b p j r j p r l m l v ` r c l s y p j r j ` x j cctt j r s u s o l f h j h ` s .

Jc
Jc i l f t r j r d l , `c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s p r ` a ` r í j l i u c t j r s ` . @r j tj f

b `f
` f ttdd c q u ` f l ` x p c l r j o j c j ` m l i d ù f h ` c js
js p ` r s l f j s j c j s q u ` j y u h j o j

y s j f j o j . Y u ä t d i j f l t d` f ` p r ` i ` h ` f t ` s ` f cj k dst l r dj. C j s ` s t d m u c j o j

j q u ` s d b u d ` r j f s u i j m d f l . Y d p r ` aa`` r ííjj f s ` b u d r c l , h ` o í j s ` r p l r jm
jm l r .

@ c r ` s u c t j h l h ` s u i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l a u ` q u ` ` f c j t d`
d ` rr
r r j h `c
`c m d ` h l
c j s p ` r s l f j s j p r ` f h d ` r l f j j m j r . J m j r l f j j q u ä c q u ` v ` f h í j ``cc s u ` ú l

h `c
` c j m l r b r j t u d t l ` d f i l f h ddii d l f j c . I l m p r j r l f ` c s u ` ú l h ` u f r `d
`d f
fll

h d s t j f t ` j i ` r i j h `c
` c iu
i u j c ä c k j o ííjj k j o c j h l , p ` r l y j k j o ííjj f i l f q u d s t j h l

` c m j y l r h ` t l h l s c ls
ls s u ` ú l s , `c h `c j m l r .

@ c D m p ` r d l _ l m j f l c l s h l m d f j o j . C j v d h j ` r j h da
d a ííii dc
dc y ê r d h j , p ` r l ` c -

c ls
l s ` r j f c do
d o r ` s h ` f t r l h ` ` c ccll s m d s m l s . @ c j m l r c l s ccdd o `r
` r t jo
jo j . F j h j ` s

m ê s c ddoo r ` q u ` `c
` c j m l r . K j i ` h ` p l o r ` s s ÷ o h d t l s b r j f h ` s r ` yy`` s . Y u

j u s ` f i d j v u ` c v ` j b r j f h ` s r ` y` s ` f m d s ` r j o c ` s s ÷ o h d t l s . Z u d ` f f l

j m j , v d v ` ` f cj i ê r i ` c h ` cj ` m l i d ù f .

I. @c su`úl h` cj `t`rfdhjh

¡ Hùfh` `stêf Ilfauidl, ^cjtùf, Jc`gjfhrl `c Brjfh`, Irdstùojc

Ilcùf, F jpl c`ùf O l f j p j r t ` , K d ttcc ` r,

r , Y t j c ddf
f < ¡ X l h l s p j r ` i í j f s ` r t jf
jf

a u ` r t`
t ` s ! I j h j u f l j s u m l h l 7 u f l s ` f c j a u ` r z j a í s d i j , l t r l s ` f cj
cj

c l i u r j y l t r l s ` f c j s j o d h u r í j y ` f c j j m j o d c d h j h . ^ ` r l , jjcc a df
d f j cc,, t l h l s
s u i u m o d ` r l f j c i j l s h ` c j m u ` r tt`` .

Q dvdr ` s u f ` v ` f t l df ` x p cdi j o c`. D b u j c m ` f t ` cl ` s i u j f h l s u a r d m l s y

p ` r h ` m l s c j ` s p ` r j f z j . Y l m l s i l m p c ` g l s ` ddf
f h ` s i ddaa r j o c ` s . F l s l c l c j

j c ` b r í j y ccjj s j o d h u r í j s d f l t j m o d ä f ` c h l c l r y c j c l i u r j r ` v ` c j f c j i l m -

p c `g
`g dh j h h
h`` c j c m j k u m j f j , d I ù m l s ` a l r m j f c js dh ` j s y cjs ` m l -

i d l f ` s ` f c ls o j s t d h l r` s h` c j c m j k u m j f j < 3 I u ê c ` s s l f c l s a ` f ù -

m ` f l s q u ` c j s p r l h u i ` f y cj
c j s h d ccu
u y `f <

I u j f t l m ê s d f v `s td bl ` s l s a ` f ù m ` f l s y j v j f z l u f p l i l `f su

i l m p r ` f s d ù f , m ê s m ` s d ` f t l u f d b f l r j f t ` . ^ l r k j o ` r h ` s j r r l c c j h l ccjj

t`lríj h` cj Dft`cdb`fidj Muctdalijc qu` `stuhdj `c aufidlfjmd`ftl h` cj

m ` f t ` y c j i l f s t r u i i d ù f h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s , r ` iidd o í ` c t ít
ít uc l h ` m d ` m -

o r l h ` k l f l r h ` c j J i j h ` m d j h ` B ` f d l s h ` u f r ` s p ` t j h l d f s t d tu
t u t l h`
h`
u f p j í s ` u r l p ` l . Z u ` h ä m u y aa`` c d z j u f q u ` s ä q u ` f l cl
cl m ` r ` z i l .

d ^ l r q u ä < ^ l r q u ` ` s t l y i l f s i d ` f t ` h ` i u ê f p ` q u ` ú l s l y j f t ` ccjj

b r j f h ` z j h ` c llss m d s t ` r d l s q u ` j o j r i j f ` c ddf
f a d fd
f d tl
tl m u f h l h ` c j c m j l

p s dq u ` k u m j f j . Y j o ` m l s m u y p l i l j i `r i j h ` q u d ä f ` s s l m l s . Pf

v `r h j h `r l id`ftíadil td`f` ilf i d`f i dj fl h ` i u j f t l s j o ` sdf l h ` i u j f -

t l f l s j o ` . @c h í j q u ` y l h ` g ` h ` j h m d t d r m d d b f l r j f i d j , ` s t j r ä m u ` r t l

i l m l p ` fs jh l r.

@ x d st
s t d rr,, p ` f s j r , `m li dlf jr s` , `s jcbl ajsidf jft` . 3 Z udä f pu`h `

` s i u h r d ú j r c l s a ` f ù m ` f l s q u ` f l s t r j f s al r m j f ` f u f s ` r q u ` p d `f s j

y td`f ` il f i d`f idj h ` cl q u ` pd` f sj < 3 Z udäf p u `h ` h ` s v ` cj r cls s`i r`-

t l s q u ` p r l h u i ` f `c m l v d m d ` f t l h ` c j ` f ` r b í j q u ` b ` f ` r j c j s i rd sd s h `

j f s d ` h j h y ccjj p r d m j v ` r j h ` c l s p c j i ` r ` s <

C j p r l h u i i d ù f h ` c j m ê s p ` q u ` ú j d h ` j , j u f ` f c l ííf
ftdml h` cj m` ft`

h ` u f p s d i ù t d i l , ` s m ê s i l m p c ` g j q u ` c ls
ls m d s t ` r d l s q u ` r l h ` j f c l s

j b u g ` r l s f ` b r l s h `c
` c u f d v ` r ssll q u ` s ` t r j b j f p c j f ` t j s ` f t ` r l s . P f p r l -
a ` s l r h ` K j r v j r h p l s ` ` c l s m d s m l s a ` f ù m ` f l s q u ` c ` ` f ccjj m ` m l r d j y

i l f s t r u y ` f i j h ` f j s h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l s q u ` u f f d ú l i j s t d b j h l p l r `c
`c

kjmor`.

J m o l s pl s`` f uf m u f h l j s`r `xpclrjhl y m `r`i`f s`r trjtjhls

i l f `c
` c m d s m l r ` s p ` ttll . H ` s j a l r t u f j h j m ` f t ` , `c
` c s d s t ` m j s l i ddjj c ` f t l r -

p ` i ` f u ` s t r j m ` f t ` y h d aadd iiu
u ct j f u ` s t r j p ` r i ` p i d ù f p j r j `c ` s p ` i t ê i u c l

h ` cj
cj v dh j q u ` p u c sj ` f i j h j u f l h ` f l s l t r l s. F l s l m l s j m ` r d i j f l s ,

ê r j o ` s , g u h í l s , i k d f l s , o r j s d c ` r l s,
s , a r j f i ` s ` s l r u s l s . @ f cl
cl íf t d m l h `

f u ` s t r j d f tt`` c d b`
b ` f id
i d j g j m ê s ` s t u v d m l s h d v d h ddh
hls. Y l m l s cj `sp`i d` ku-

mjfj.

Y d f ` m o j r b l , p ` r h d m l s `c
`c s ` f t d h l h ` ` s p ` i d ` . F l s h d v d h d m l s ` f

i u j f t l j i u c ttu
u r j , r ` c ddbb d ù f
f,, f j i d ù f , i l c l r h ` c j ppdd `c
`c . H d v d h d m l s c l q u ` ` s
d fh
f h dv
d v ddss do
d o cc`` . Y ` b m ` f t j m l s c j v ddh
h j. Y d i l f l i d ä r j m l s `c m í f d m l h ` c j s

` f t r j ú j s h ` c l s a ` f ù m ` f l s q u ` a l r m j f ` c m u f h l h ` c j s d h ` j s y ccjj

trjfsalrm jidùf h` cj `f`rbíj `ml idlfjc, jhqudrdríjmls ilfid`fidj h`

q u ` s l m l s m ê s d b u j c`
c ` s h ` c l q u ` d m j b d f j m l s . C j h d a ` r ` f i d j ` f t r ` c ls
ls

dft`c`itujc`s y cls fdúls ilf f`i`sdhjh`s `sp`idjc`s, `ftr` cls

p s d q u d j t r j s y c l s p j i d ` f t ` s p s d i ù t d i l s , ` f t r ` c l s r ` y`
y` s y c l s s ÷ o h d t l s ` s

s l c l c j p u f t j h ` c d i ` o ` r b h ` c j d f t ` ccdd b ` f i d j . CCjj d f m ` f s j o j s ` ` s ` x j i t j -

m ` f t ` cj m d s m j .

J p ` s j r h ` irdtdijr `f t l h l s m d s cdo rl s cl s p r l o c ` m j s ` m l i d l f j c` s ,

c js
j s m d s ` r d j s s l i d j c ` s y c j i r d s d s ``f
f c j a l r m j i d ù f h ` p ` f s j h l r ` s ` f ``cc

mufhl mlh`rfl, iujfhl `stuhdl cls r`pcd`bu`s h` cj m`ft` kumjfj

q u ` h l o l q u d j o d ` r t l . Y d ` f t l q u ` c j ` x ddss t ` f i d j h ` u f s ` r k u m j f l ` s u f

a`fùm`fl ajsidfjft`.

J v ` i ` s , i u j f h l vdjgl il f m d s kdgjs h ` f l i k ` y v ` l j cl c`gl s ufj

ij sj ilf cj cu
uzz ` f i ` f h d h j , c ``ss p r ` b u f t l 7 « « Z udä f` s s`rêf cjs p`r-
s l f j s q u ` v ddvv ` f ` f j q u ` cccc j i j s j < « Z u ä s u ` ú l s t `f h r ê f < , d Iuêc`s

s ` r ê f s u s j c`
c` b r íj s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s< 3 I u ê c ` s s u s s u a r d m d ` f t l s < µ Md

h ` s ` l , j c k j i ` r ` s j s p r ` b u f t j s , ` s k u m j f d z j r j m d s k ddgg j s , ` h u i j r s u

` m l i d ù f , c c`
c ` v j r c js
js j p ` ri do dr q u ` k j y u f m u f h l i l m p c ` g l y r di l h ` f -

t r l h ` i j h j s ` r k u m j f l , s ddf
f d m p l r t j r q u d `f s ` j . X j m o d ä f c j s ` s t l y

`ftr`f jfhl pjrj qu` fl guzbu `f pr`idpdtjhjm` ft` j cjs p`rslfjs,

s d f l p j r j m d r j r m ê s j cc
cc ê h ` c j i l r t d f j h ` s u s i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s .

Y d ` f t l q u ` s d cl
cl s p j h r ` s y p r l a ` s l r ` s i l f s d b u d` r j f ` h u i j r cj ` m l -

i d ù f h ` c l s f d ú l s h ` ` s j a l r m j , m ê s h ``cc 4 > % h ` c j v d l c ` f i d j h ` c j s l -

i d ` h j h h d s m d f u d r í j `f `c p c j z l h ` h l s l tr ` s h ä i j h j s . Cj v d h j s ` r ` -

sp`tjríj.

@c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s j m j o j y r ` s p ` t j o j c j v d h j d f i l f h d -
idlfjcm`ft`. Fu fij p`híj iu `ftj s h` cls `rrlr`s h` ufj p`rslfj. Fl

q u ` r í j s j o ` r i l f i u ê f t l s k l m o r ` s c j m ` r ` ttrr d z k j o í j ` s t j h l . Y u s j iitt d -

t u h ` s ` r j f t j f h d a ` r ` f t ` s q u ` ääcc s ` ` x p u s l j ccjj m u ` r t ` p l r ` c c j s . C l -

brjoj ir`jr vífiucls ilf c j s p ` r s l f j s h d s i r d m d f j h j s , j p r ` i d jr c js y

p ` r h l f j r c j s , p l r q u ` p ` f ` t r j o j h ` f t r l h ` `c
` c c j s y c js
j s i l m p r ` f h í j . Yd

u s t` h f l ` s i j p j z h ` i l m p r ` f h ` r j c js p ` r s l f j s , s ` r ê d m p l s d o c ` q u `

c js
js c c ` b u ` j j m j r .

C l s c ` p r l s l s v d v ííjj f ` c h l c l r h ` c r ` i k j z l y h ` c j s l c ` h j h . G ` s ÷ s t ``f
f íj

u f i u d h j h l ` s p ` i d j c k j i d j ` c cl s y c ` s l a r ` i í j c l m ` g l r q u ` t ` fí j7 s u

j m d s t j h . ^ j r j ä cc,, i j h j s ` r k u m j f l ` s u f s ` r ÷ f ddii l , d r r ` ` m p c j z j o c ` , y

f l u f l o g ` t l h ` s ` i k j o c ` . I l f s l c l ` s l s ` ``xx p ccdd i j q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j y j h j h l

t jf
j f b r j f h ` v j c l r j c j s p ` r s l f j s m j r b d f j h j s h ` ccjj s l i d ` h j h . F l ` s t j o j

h ` j i u ` r h l i l f s u s ` r rl r ` s, p ` r l c j s j m j o j , d f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` h `

s u s a j c ccjj s.
s.

@ c s u ` ú l h ` c j t r j s i ` f h ` f i d j h ` c j m u ` r tt``
 G ` s ÷ s j m j o j t j f t l cj v dh j q u ` p r ` h d i j o j j i ` r i j h ` u f s u ` ú l q u `

k j s t j k l y j v j ccjj c j s o j s ` s h ` c j m ` h d i d f j 7 ` c h ` c j t r j s i ` f h ` f i d j h ` c j

m u ` r t ` , ` c s u ` ú l h ` c j ` t ` r f d h j h . I l m l y j i l m ` f t ä ` f l t r l s c do
d o r l s,
s , cj
cj

m u ` r t ` ` s ` c i ` r t ddaa d iijj h l h ` c d m d t j iidd ù f h ` c j m ` h d i d f j , i u y l h ` s ` l ` s

p r l c l f b j r cj
c j v d h j y j cd
c d v ddjj r ` c h l c lr
l r . @ s c j m d s m j j s p d r j i d ù f h ` c j s r ` cd
cd -

b d l f ` s , q u ` k j o c j f h ` j c d v ddjj r ` c h
hll c llrr , p r l c l f b j r c j v d h j , s u p ` r j r ccjj

m u ` r t ` . YYdd f h u h j ` s u f b r j f s u ` ú l . ^ ` r l u f h í j p j s j r ` m l s i l m p c ` -

t j m ` f t ` s l c l s , h ` s p l g j h l s h ` c h d f ` r l y h ` c p l h ``rr , p l r ``cc a ` f ù m ` f l

q u ` m ê s s ` l p l f ` j c j v ddh
h j 7 ` c i j l s h ` c j m u ` r tt`` .

C j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` j a d r m j f f l t ` m ` r j cj
cj m u ` r t ` , l p l s ` ` f u f j a`

prlaufhj l kjocjf h` cl qu` fl sjo`f. Iujfhl r`jcm`ft` s` `f-

a r ` f t `f
` f jjcc a ddf
f h ` c j v d h jj,, ` x p ` r d m ` f t j r ê f u f j ` x p c l s d ù f h ` j f s d ` h j h h `
tjc m j b f d t u h q u ` c l s k jr ê i l m p l r t j r s ` i l m l f d ú l s j m ` h r ` f t j h l s

jft` cl h`silf lidhl.

C j m u ` r t ` l i u p j , h dj
d j r d j m ` f t ` , c l s ` s p j i d l s m ê s h ` s t j i j h l s ` f ccll s

m ` h d l s h ` i l m u f d i j i d ù f . @ f ` c i d f ` , ` f c l s p ` r d ù h d i l s y ` f c j s r ` v ddss -

t j s,
s , c j m u ` r t ` s ` h ` s t j i j i l m l f lltt ddii d j , t r ê t ` s ` h ` j i i d h ` f t ` s , b u ` r r j s

l ` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s . X j m o d ä f s ` c ` h j p r ` p l f h ` r j f i d j ` f c j p d f t u r j , ``f
f cj

c dt
d t ` r jt
jt u r j y ` f c j m ÷ s d i j .

^ ` rl
r l , j p ` s j r h ` q u ` c j m u ` r t ` ` s t ê ` f c j j b ` f h j p r ddf
f i dp j c h ` f u ` s -

t rj s dh `j s, a r ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` f l s f ` b j m l s j p ` f s j r p r l a u f h j m ` f t ` s l -

o r`
r ` ` c c j i l m l u f a ` f ù m ` f l d f ``cc u h
hdd o c`
c` , ¼ I u ê c ` s `c ` a ` i t l h ` c j m u ` r t `

s l o r ` cj
cj i j p j i d h j h h ` p ` f s j r < ¼ Z u ä c ` s u i ` h ` j cj m ` m l r d j ` f i d -

i c l p ä h d i j i u j f h l ` c i ` r ` o r l h ` g j h ` a u f i d l f j r < « @ s p l s d o c ` r ` s i jt j r

fu`strj kdstlrdj p`rslfjc<

H ` s h ` ` c p u f t l h ` v d s t j iidd `f
` f t í ad
a d iill , f j h j ` s t j f h r ê s t d i l p j r j c j

m ` m l r d j y p j r j ` c m u f h l h ` c jjss d h ` j s i l m l c j m u ` r t ` . C j m ` m l r d j s `
h ` s l r b j f d z j , o d c ccll f ` s h ` d f a l r m j i d ù f s ` p d ` r h ` f , ccll s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s

h ` g j f h ` p r l h u i d r s ` , c j i l f i d ` f i d j s ` k u f h ` ` f ` c v j i í l h ` c j d f i llf
f

id`fidj.

@c ijls qu` s` prlhui` `f `c i`r`orl h`struy` `c h`r`ikl mês

a u f h j m ` f t j c h ` c s ` r k u m j f l 7 ` c h ` r ` i k l j t ` f ` r u f j d h ` f t d h jjh
h , j t ` f `r

i l f i d ` f i d j h ` s í m d s m l , h ` p l s ` ` r u f j k ds
d s tl
t l rrdd j.
j.

I l f l i d ` f h l c js i l f s ` i u ` f i d j s h ` cj m u ` r t` , G ` s ÷ s v ` f h d ù ` c s u ` ú l

h ` c j ` t ` r f d h j h . ^ j r j s u s s ` b u d h l r ` s , q u ` v d ` r l f j m u i k l s p j h r ` s c ccll -

r j f h l j f t ` ` c cc`` i k l h ` s u s f d ú l s , k d g l s i c j m j f h l p j r j q u ` s u s p j h r ` s

r ` vd
v d vd
v d ` r j f y p ` r s l f j s d f i l f s l c j o c ` s p l r c j p ä r h d h j h ` j c b ÷ f j m d b l , ccjj

m u ` r t ` k j s d h l u f j a u ` f t ` h ` h l ccll r.
r . J c l í r h ` m u i k j s m j f ` r j s y ``f
f

m u i k l s c u b j r ` s j c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j j a d r m j r q u ` ä c ` s t j o j ` f c j t d`
d` r r j
p j r j q u ` c j k u m j f d h j h i l f q u d s t j r j ccjj d f m l r t j c d h j h , s u s h d s i í p u c l s

s d f td
t d ` r l f b r j f g ÷ o ddcc l . P f g ÷ o d c l q u ` k j s ` b u d h l r ` s l f j f h l j ccll ccjj r b l

h ` c l s s d b c l ss..

@ c j c m j j f k ` c j v d vd
vdr ` t ` r f j m ` f t `

¼ Z u d äf
ä f f l j f k ` c j v dv
d v dr
d r p j r j s d ` m p r ` < X l h l s . K j s t j c ls
ls q u ` p d ` f sj f

` f ` c s u d i d h d l t d ` f ` f k j m o r ` y s ` h p l r v ddvv dr
dr . I l f `c d f t ` f t l h ` q u d t j r s `

cj v d h j s l c l q u d ` r ` f t ` r m d f j r i l f ` c h l c l r q u ` s l a l i j c j ` m l i d ù f , y f l

c j v d h j q u ` c jt
j t ` h ` f t r l h ` ` cccc l s . I l f t r j t j m l s p ù c d z j s h ` s ` b u r l h ` v d -

hj, pl f` m ls i ` r r j h ur j s ` f c j s p u ` r ttjj s , t l m j m l s m`hdijm `ftls,

h ` s j r r l c c j m l s u f j m ` h d i d f j i l m p c ` g j y t l h l td p l h ` i d` f id j p l r q u `

t ` f ` m l s s ` h h ` vvdd v d r .

@ f cj
c j p ` q u ` ú j y o ` c c í s d m j i d u h j h h ` Q j c c h ` m l s s j , ` f c j d sc
sc j M j c -

c lr
l r ij
ij , k j y u f i l f v ` f t l h ` m l f g ` s i j r t u g l s . C l s i j r t u g l s v dv ` f ` f

i c j u s u r j , s d f i l f t j i t l i l f c j s l i d ` h j h , ` f i l m p c ` t l s d cc`` f i d l . ^ u ` h ` f
k j o cj
cj r s l c j m ` f t ` u f j k l r j p l r s ` m j f j p j r j t r j t j r t ` m j s r ` cj i d l f j h l s

i l f c j j h m d f d s t r j i d ù f h ``cc i l f v ` f t l .

3 Z uä
u ä m u ` v ` j ` s l s k l m o r ` s < « ^ l r q u ä h ` ggjj r l f t l h l y l p t j r l f p l r

vd
vd vd r h ` ` s j a l r m j < P f j a r j s ` r ` s u m ` s u a d c l s l a í j h ` v d h j y `c m l t d v l

p l r `c i u j c s d b u ` f j G ` s u i r d s t l 7 « F l s l t r l s f l s i j c c j m l s p l r q u ` `c
`c

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s l a ííjj h ` c l s i j r -

t u g l s , s d f l u f j f k ` c l d f i l f s i d ` f t ` ` d f i l f t r l ccjj o c ` . F u ` s t r j j c m j i c j -

m j p l r vd
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u f j r ` cd
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f t `c
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o d`
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u j cc,, ` m l i d l f j c y ` s p d r d tu
t u j c.
c.
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cj ` h j h h ` cj p d ` h r j p j r j h j r r ` s p u ` s t j s j

c js
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c j v ddh
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q u d ä f ` s s l m l s y pj r j h ù f h ` v j m l s . ^ j rj f u `s t rj s l r p r ` sj , s df ` m -

o j rb l , G ` s ÷ s i l f t ` s t j o j j ` s j s p r ` b u f t j s i l f u f j s ` b u r d h j h d m p r ` -

sdlfjft`.

H ` j i u ` r h l i l f c j s o d l b r j a ííjj s h ` G ` s ÷ s , ` s ` s u ` ú l s ` v l c v d ù r ` j c dh
dh jh

h ` s p u ä s h ` s u i r u i ddaa dx
d x d ù f . C l s i u j t r l ` v j f b ` c d l s r ` c j ttjj f q u ` G ` s ÷ s

v ` f i d ù c l q u ` ` s d m p l s d o c ` p j r j c j i d ` f i d j 7 ` c i j l s h ` c j m u ` r t ` . Äc

i l f s d b u d ù r ` s i j t j r s u v dh
dh j y s u d h ` f td h j h , i l f s d b u d ù p r ` s ` r v j r s u

m ` m l r d j , s u p ` r j r j q u ` c cl q u ` p j r j cj m ` h d i d f j ` s u f j u t l p í j . C j

i r ` ` f i d j ` f ` s ` j i t l ` f t r j ` f c j ` s a ` r j h ` c j a ` y, p l r ccll t j f t l , s j c ` h `

cls log`tdvls h` `stj ilc`iidùf.

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c` j , p j rj cls

s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s c j ` tt`` r f ddh
hjh `rj slcl uf su`úl . ^`rl `rj uf su`ú l

o ` c cí
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m l , u f o ê c s j m l p j r j ccjj v d h j t j f a u b j z y m l r t j c . I l f ` s ` s u ` ú l ,
ä c i j u t d v ù j c l s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i í p u c l s , h j f h l l t r l s d b f d a ddii j h l j s u s v d h j s

y p r l h u i d ` f h l ` f ` c c l s cj m ê s o`ccj ` s p ` r j f z j . C l s h l c l r ` s y c j s p ä r -

h d h j s p j s j r l f j s ` r p ` r i d o d h l s h ` l t r j a l r m j . C l s j i i d h ` f t ` s y ccjj s

i j t ê s t r l a ` s i l m ` f z j r l f j s ` r s l p l r t j h l s y s u p ` r j h l s . C j s c ê b r ddm
mjs

h ` c l s q u ` s ` q u ` h j r l f s ` v l c v d ` r l f b l t j s h ` r l iiíí l j f u f i d j f h l ``cc m ê s

o ` cc
c c l j m j f ` i ` r . C l s h d s i í p u c l s p j s j r l f j i r ` ` r q u ` , u f h í jj,, ` c s llcc

v l c v ` r íj j ordccjr h ` s p u ä s h ` cj m ê s c j r b j t ` m p ` s t j h .

Md`ftrjs `c Mj`strl h` cls M j`s trls v ` f h íj ``cc su` úl h` cj

` t ` r f d h j h , ` c f ÷ m ` r l h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s j u m ` f t j o j . F u f i j k j o ííjj f l í -

h l j j cb u d `f h ` i d r t j c ` s p j c jo r j s . @ r j f gù v ` f ` s ` d f b ` f u l s y i l f l i í j f

plil j jqu`c qu` `stjojf sdbud`fhl y cl qu` cls `sp`rjoj, p`rl cls

i l f t j b d ù ` c m ê s ` c l i u ` f t ` v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s . * I r ` ` u s t ` h q u ` ssdd
k u o d ` s ` ` s t j h l ` f j q u ` c c l s m l m ` f t l s ` f c j s p c j y j s h ` B j ccdd c`
c` j l `f

cj s i d u h j h ` s p l r h l f h ` G ` s ÷ s p j s j o j , s ` k j or íj i l f t j b d j h l d bu
b u j c-
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m`ft`<

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d i d h j h d f j b l t j o c`
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i l m l i r ` ` f j c b u f l s p s d q u d j t r j s y p s d i ù c l b l s < F l . @ s d m p l s d o c ` ` xxdd b dr
dr

pc`fj `stjodcdhjh h` cj `f`rbíj psíqudij, pu`s `ccj s` lrbjfdzj, s`

h ` s l r b j f d z j ( i j l s ) y s ` r ` l r b j f d z j i l f t d f u j m ` f t ` . F l ` xd st `f p ` r -

s l f j s q u ` `s t ä f s d ` m p r ` i j c m j h j s , j c ` b r` s , s ` r ` f j s , f
fdd p ` r s l f j s q u `

` s t ä f s d ` m p r ` j f s d l s j s , d rr dt jh j s ` d f i l k ` r ` f t` s .

@ m l i d l f j c m ` f t ` , f j h d ` ` s ` s t ê ttdd i l , ` x i ` p t l ssdd ` s t u v d ` r ` m u ` r t l .

^ j r j f l s ` r d f ` s t j o c ` s h ` o ` m l s i l m p l r t j r f l s h ` f t r l h ` i d `r
` r ttll p j -

t r ù f , p ` r l ` s ` p j t r ù f s d ` m p r ` r `a
` a c`
c ` gj
gj r ê u f j ` m l i d ù f a c u i tu j f t `. Cj

p ` r s l f j m ê s t r j f q u ddcc j t d ` f ` s u s m l m ` f t l s h ` j f s d ` h j h , y c j m ê s j c ` -
b r `, s u s p ` r d l h l s h ` j f b u s td j .

F l h ` s ` ` s ` r ` s tj o c` i l m l c l s rl o lt s. F l s ` j f b u s t d ` s d u s t ` h ` s

u f j p ` r s l f j l s i d c j f t ` , p u ` s f l ` s p l s d o c ` fd
fd h ` s ` j o c ` s ` r r í b d h j m ` f t `

` s t j o c ` . C l q u ` u s t ` h h ` o ` ` v d ttjj r s l f c js
js b r j f h ` s y o r u s i j s l s i d c j -

i d l f ` s , i l m l c j s p r l h u i d h j s p l r c j ddm
m p u c s d v dh j h , i j m o d l s ÷ o dt l h`

k u m l r , m d ` h l . Z u d ` f ` s ` x p c l s d v l s ` v u ` cv ` d f s l p l r t j o c ` , q u d ` f ` s

` x i ` s d v j m ` f t ` p r ` v d s do
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h l r.
r.

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h ` s ` q u d c d o r d l y t r j f s a l r m j i d ù f . @ c m l m ` f t l m ê s a ` c dz
dz h ` s u s v d h j s

h ` s j p j r ` i d ù , y ` c m ê s ttrr d s t ` s ` h d s d p ù , ¼ ^ l r q u ä < ^ l r q u ` c j ` f ` r b íj

p s í q u d i j h `c
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` c i j l s y s`
s`

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usdfj h` `m lidl f`s . Ydm pc`m `ft` fl `s p l s d o c` d f t ` r r u m p ddrr ccjj

p r l h u i i d ù f h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l s fd h ` s ` f t d m d ` f tl s .

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p r l o c ` m j s ` x d st
s t ``f
f p j r j q u ` c l s s l c u i d l f ` m l s y f l p j r j q u ` f l s p ` r-

turo`f. Iu jf hl cj jfsd`hjh l cj jfbustdj dfvjhjf su jcm j fl s`

h ` s ` s p ` r ` , ` x t r j ddbb j c ` i i d l f ` s h ` s u j aacc di
d i id
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f . @ s ccjj m ` g l r a l r m j h `

t ` f ` r h d b f d h j h ` f ` c h l ccll r . I j s l i l f t r j r d l , s u a r ddrr s ` r ê d f ÷
÷tt dc
dc . ^ l r h ` s -

b r j i d j , c j m j y l r í j h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s s u a r ` d f ÷ t d cm
cm ` f t ` . @ x p j f h ` f s u m d s -

` r dj
d j s d f ` f r d q u ` i ` r s u s j o d h u r í jj..

P f j p ` s q u d s j q u ` r ` j ccdd i ä s l o r ` c j i j c d h j h h ` v d h j h ` c j p l o c j i d ù f h `

Y j l ^ j u c l m l s t r ù f ÷ m ` r l s t `r
` r r d o c `s
` s 7 9 2 , ; % h ` c ls
l s k j o d t j f t ` s ` s ttêê f

jfsdlsls (mês h` idfil mdcclf`s h` p`rslfjs)5 92,8% pr`s`ftjf hä-

adidt h ` m ` m l r d j l s l f l c v d h j h d z l s 5 9 > , 0 % s d ` f t ` f aj t db j ` x i `s d v j5

? 4 , 4 % s d` f t` f h l c l r ` s m u s i u c j r ` s , y ? 4 , : % h l c l r h ` i jo ` z j.

^ l r d f i r ` í o c`
c` q u ` p j r ` z i j , ` c ; ? % h ` c l s k j o d t j f t ` s h ` c j p r d f i d p j c
i j p d tj
t j c h ` C j t df
df l J m ä r d i j ` s t ê f p r ` s ` f t j f h l h l s l m ê s s í f t l m j s . Yd

r`jcdzjmls cj mdsmj p`squdsj `f iujcqud`rj iduhjh m`hdjfj l

brjfh` , ilm l F u` vj T llrr e,

e, Clfhr` s, ^ jjrr ds
d s , X llee dl
dl , ` f i l f t r j r ` m l s

f ÷ m ` r l s p j r ` i d h l s . C j a c u i ttu
ujidùf `ml idlf jc y cj ilfs truiidùf h`

p ` f s j m d ` f t l s j c i j f z j r l f f ddvv ` cc`` s ` f a ` r m d z l s .

@ f Y j l ^ j u c l k j y m ê s h ` t r ` s m d c ccll f ` s h ` p ` r s l f j s , d f i ccu
u y ` f hl

gù v ` f ` s y jhuctls, il f tr jstlr f l h`c su ` ú l . Qdv`f ufj b u `r rj `f sus

p r l p dj
d j s i j m j s . 3 I u êêcc b u ` r r j < C j b u ` r r j h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s . C c ` v jjf
f

s u s p r l o c ` m j s y t l h j c j o j s u r j s l i d j c j i u m u c j h j h u r j f t ` ``cc h í j p j rrjj

c l q u ` h ` o ` r í j f p r l tt`` b ` r 7 ``cc s u ` ú l . H ` o d h l j q u ` f l i j c m j r l f s u s

m ` f t ` s , r l o j f ` f ` r b í j ` x i ` s d v j j c i ` r ` o r l . ¡ I u ê c ` s cj i l f s ` i u ` f i d j <

H ` s p d ` r t j f i j f s j h j s , j p ` s j r h ` f l k j o ` r k ` i k l ` g ` r i d i d l s a í sd
s d il
il s.
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cj ` f ` r b í j b j s t j h j p l r c j k d p ` r p r l h u i i d ù f h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l s . ^ ` f s j r ` s

o u ` f l , p ` f s j r h ` m j s d j h l ` s u f l h ` c ls p r df i dp j c` s p r l o c ` m j s q u `

h ` s t r u y ` f c j i j c d h j h h ` v d h j h ` c l s s ` r ` s m l h ` r f l s . H ` c j s h d ` z p r d f i dd--

p j c ` s i j u s j s q u ` k j i ` f ` f a ` r m j r ` c s ` r k u m j f l , s ` d s s l f s l i d j c ` s 7 ``cc

m d ` h l j c a u t u r l , c j d f s ` b u r d h j h , c j i r d s d s a d f j f i d ` r j , ``cc m d ` h l h ` s ` r

jsjctjhl, cj slc`hjh, `c h`s`mpc`l.

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m u c l s j b r ` s d v l s . C js p ` r s l f j s f l t d` f ` f h ` a` f s j `mlidlfjc7 p`-

q u ` ú l s p r l o c ` m j s p r l v l i j f b r j f h ` s d m p j i t l s . ^ j s j f j ú l s `f cj ` s -

i u ` c j j p r ` f h d ` f h l j i l f l i ` r ``cc m u f h l ` x tt`` rrdd l r , p ` r l f l s j o ` f i j ssdd

f j h j s l o r ` c j p r l h u i i d ù f h ` c llss p ` f s j m d ` f t l s , c j a l r m j h ` b l o -

` r f j r c l s y h ` j h m d f d s t r j r c j s a r u s t r j i d l f ` s y ccjj s j f b u s t d j s . D b f l rrjj f

q u ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s f ` b j t d v l s y c j s ` m l i d l f ` s t ` f s j s s ` r ` b ds
ds tr jf

j u t l m ê t d i j m ` f t ` ` f cj
cj m ` m l r d j y f l p u ` h ` f o l r r j r s ` , s l c l r ` ` h d -
t j rc
r c l ss.. C j ` h u i j i d ù f m l h ` r f j , j p ` s j r h ` t ` f ` r p r l a ` s l r ` s d c u sstt r ` s,
s , a jjcc -

cj, p u ` s f l p r ` p j r j j c l s j c u m f l s p j r j c j ` s i u ` c j h ` c j v dh j .

Y l m l s v í i t d m j s h ` c j h ` p r ` s d ù f , h ` cj j f s d ` h j h y h ` c js ` f a `r -

m ` h j h ` s p s d i l s l m ê t d i j s . @ s p ` r ê o j m l s q u ` ``cc s ` r k u m j f l h `c
` c s ddbb c l

[[
[[D au`rj a`cdz, tr j f q u dcl , slcdhjrdl, sjcuhjoc`. M uctdpcdijm ls cls

i l f l i d m d ` f t l s y i l f s t r u d m l s i j rr l s , f ` v ` r j s, t` c ä al f l s ` d f f u m ` r -

j o c ` s m ê q u d f j s p j r j aajj iidd cd
c d ttjj r f u ` s t r j vvdd h j , p j r j h j r f l s i l f a l r t y j c ` -

b rí
r í j . Y ddf
f ` m o j r b l , f u f i j i l m l j k l r j ` c s ` r k u m j f l s ` s ddf
f td
td ù m ê s

d f i ù m l h l y ` s t r ` s j h l . @ s l s p r l o c ` m j s ` m l i d l f j c ` s , d f t` f sd ad ij h l s

` f c l s h í j s j i t u j c ` s , s d ` m p r ` ` s t u v d ` r l f p r ` s ` f t ` s ` f c j k d sstt l r ddjj h ` ccjj

k u m j f d h j h , m j f i k ê f h l c j i l f b u ` r r j s , h d s i r d m d f j i d l f ` s , d f g us td id js y

jbr`sdlf`s.
Y ` r a ``cc ddzz ` s ` c r ` q u d ssdd t l o ê s d i l p j r j t ` f ` r s j c u h a í s d iijj y ` m l i d l f j c .

^ ` rl
r l , h ` c p u f t l h ` v d s t j h ` c j p s d i l c l b í j , s ` r a ` ccdd z f l ` s t ` f ` r u f j v d h j

p ` r a` i t j s d f l s j o ` r ` x t rj ` r s j o d h u r í j h ` c l s ` r r l r ` s , j c ` b r íj h ` c l s h l -

c lr
l r ` s,
s , a u ` r z j h ` c j s h ` i ` p i d l f ` s , v j c l r h ` c ls
ls a r j i j s l s .

@c m jy lr h` tlhls cls su`úls

C l s i l m ` f t j r d l s j f t ` r d l r ` s s d rrvv d ` rrll f h ` p r ` p j r j i d ù f p j r j k j o c j r h ` c

v`fh`hlr h` su`úls.

C u ` b l h ` c ` f i u ` f t r l i l f G u j f ` c O j u t ds t j , G ` s ÷ s r ` b r ` s ù j B j c d c` j y

i l m ` f z ù j ` f s ` ú j r , h ` s d f j b l b j ` f s d f j b l b j , j i ` r i j h ` s u m d s dù f . Cj

b ` f t ` q u ` h j o j j s l m o r j h j i l f s u ` c l i u ` f i dj
d j . Y u a j m j s ` ` x t ` f h ííjj i l -

m l a u ` b l ` f cj p j g j s ` i j . H ` s p u ä s , a u ` k j s t j F j z j r ` t y ` x p u s l `f c j

s d f j b l b j j i ` r i j h ` j c b u f l s h ` s u s m ê s o ` c cl
cl s s u ` ú l s . Y u p r l y ` it l

`rj `sp`itjiucjr.

@ f t r ` c l s l y ` f t ` s k j o í j p ` r s l f j s q u ` c l k j o í j f v d s t l i r ` i ``rr . @
@cc cj
cj s
s ` b u r j m ` f t ` f l h j r íj f m u i k l i r ä h d tl j s u s p j c j o r j s f
fdd v j c l r j c p c jf
jf

t r j s i ` f h ` f t j c h ` c i j r p d f t ` r l . F l ` r j ` c m ` g l r c u b j r p j r j h ` i d r ccjj s

i l s j s a u f h j m ` f t j c` s q u ` l i u p j o j f s u s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s . ^ `r l G ` s÷ s

s d ` m p r ` d o j ` f i l f t r j h ` ccjj c ù bbdd i jj.. F l t ` m í j s ` r r ` i k j z j h l . C j i r ít

í t di
di j

fl cl p`rturojoj.

@ f tr
tr ` cl s l y ` f t ` s t j m o d ä f `stjojf s u s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i í p u c l s y uf
uf

b r u p l h ` a j r d s ` l s h ` s i l f a d j h l s h ` t l h l c l q u ` ääcc h ` i í j . I l f b rj
rj f

i l f v d i i d ù f , ` c M j ` s t r l j c z ù ccjj v l z y p r l f u f i d ù p j c j o r j s q u ` p r l v l -

i j r l f ` f i j f t l y s l r p r ` s j . H d g l q u ` ` s t j o j ` f c j t d`
d` rr j p j r j p r l i c j m j r

c d o `r
` r j i d ù f j c l s i j u t d v l s , p j r j h ` v l c v ` r c ` s ccjj v ddss t j j c l s i d ` b l s y p l f ` r

` f c d o`
o ` r t j h j c l s l p r d m d h l s ( C u i j s 8 . : ; ) . Y u l a ddii d l v ` r h j h ` r l f l ` r j ` c

h ` i j r p d f t ` r l s d f l ``cc h ` ` s i u c t l r h
h`` c j c m j k u m j f j , u f c do
d o ` r t j h l r h ` cj
i ê r i `c
` c h ` c m d ` h l , h ` c j j f s d ` h j h , h ``cc ` b l í s m l . G ` s ÷ s q u ` r í j c d o ``rr t jjrr j

c ls
l s i j u t d v l s y j ccll s l p r d m d h l s . X j m o d ä f q u ` r í j s j f j r j c l s i d ` b l s , f l

s l c l j c l s i d ` b l s q u ` f l v ` f i l f c l s l g l s a í s di l s , s d f l j j q u ` c c l s q u `

f l v ` f i l f c l s l g l s h` c i l r j z ù f . C l s i d ` b l s q u ` t ` m ` f i l f a r l f t j r s `

i l f s u s p r l p d j s c d m d t j i ddll f ` s , q u ` f l i l f s d b u ` f i u ` s t d l f j r ` c r ``jj c s ` f -

tdhl h` cj vdhj. Cls id`b ls q u` slf `xp`rtls `f guzbj r y ilfh`fjr,

p ` r l q u ` s l f d f i j p j i ` s h ` v ` r s u s p r l p d j s a r j b ddcc d h j h ` ss..

@ c j u h ddtt l r d l q u ` h ù m j r j v d c c j h l . « Z u d ä f ` r j ` s ` k l m o r ` q u ` s ` ` x -

p l f í j i l m l u f i j r p d f t ` r l h ` c j ` m l i d ù f < ¼ F l ` r j ``cc m d s m l f d ú l q u `

kjoíj ir`idhl `f cjs ijcc`s h` F jzjr`t< . F l ` r j `c j h l c ` s i ` f t ` q u `

s ` b u í j c l s p j s l s h ` c p j h r ` , l ``cc k l m o r ` q u ` s u h j o j i u j f h l i j r b j o j

p ` s j h l s t r l z l s h ` m j h ` r j < F l ` f t ` f h d` r l f q u ` `c f dú l q u ` gu b j o j `f

c js
j s i j c c ` s h ` F j z j r ` t f l ` r j s l c l d f tt`` c d b ``f
f t `, s d f l q u ` k j o í j i r ` i d h l `f

s j o d h u r í j v l c v d ä f h l s ` , p l i l j p l i l , u f d f v ` s t db j h l r h ` c j cm j . F l

t ` f í j f d h ` j h ` q u ` ``cc k l m o r ` q u ` s ` a l r m ù ` f j q u ` c c j p ` q u ` ú j i d u h j h
k j o í j s l f h ` j h l c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h k u m j f j i l m l f d f b ÷ f d f v ` st
st db j h lr

h ` c j p s d i l c l b í j , v l c v d ä f h l s ` `c
`c M j ` s t r l h ` cl s M j ` s t r l s .

G ` s ÷ s f l sl cl i l f l i dù f u `str l s `rrlr`s y h `a`itl s `xt`rdlr`s, sdfl

qu` tjmodäf j f j cd
cd zù `c a u f i d l f j m d ` f t l h ` f u ` s tr j m ` f t `, y i l m -

p r ` f h dù
dù q u ` fu`strls prlo c`m js psíqudijs slf p rlhu idhls `f cl
cl

íf t d m l h ` f u ` s t r l s`r . Y l c l ` s l ` x p cd i j p l r q u ä a u ` t j f t l c ` r j f t ` i l f

f u ` s t r j s a j cc
c c js
j s , p l r q u ä p u s l j s u s ` f ` m d b l s c j l t rj
r j m ` g d cc
cc j, p l r q u ä

f u f i j h ` g ù h ` h j r l t rj
rj l p l r t u f d h j h jc d f s ` b u r l , p l r q u ä f u f i j h ` -

sdstdù h` p`rhlfjr.

I u j f h l k u o l i l f i c u dh l s u h d s i u r s l ` f c j s d f j b l b j h ` F j z j r` t, t l -

h l s j c c í , d f s t d b j h l s p l r c l s a j r d s ` l s , s ` ` f a u r ` i d ` r l f . C l j r r j sstt r j r llf
f

a u ` r j i l f c j d f t ` f i ddùù f h ` h j r c ` m u ` r t ` . I l f ` s l h ` m l s t r j r l f q u ` ` r jjff
` s i c j v l s h ` s u s p r ` i l f i ` p t l s . F l p l h í j f j i ` p t j r q u ` u f i j r p df df t ` r l

t u v d ` s ` t j f b r j f m d s d ù f . H ` m l s t r j r l f q u ` ` r j f i j u t dv
dv l s y i d` b l s . @r-

j f c d or `s p l r a u` r j y l p r d m d h l s p l r h ` f t r l . C l s h d s i í p u c l s q u ` h j r l f

m u y j s u s t j h l s . I l m ` f z j r l f j ` f t `f h ` r cj h dm ` f s d ù f h `c p r l o c` m j

` f q u ` s ` k j o í j f m ` t d h l . G ` s ÷ s v ` f h í j ``cc m j y l r h ` t l h l s c ls
ls s u ` ú l s ,

` c s u ` ú l h ` u f j c m j l x d b ` f j h j , s j c u h j o c ` , c d oorr `,
` , a ``cc dz
d z . Z u ` r í j j y u h j r jc

s ` r k u m j f l j r l m p ` r c j s i j h ` f j s h ` c l s i l f a c di
di t l s q u ` i l f t r l c j o j f y

s l a l i j o j f c j p s d q u ` . ^ ` rrll , « q u d ä f ` s t j r í j h d s p u ` s t l j j i ` p t j r ccjj j y u -

hj<

G ` s ÷ s k j o cù i l f b r j f cu i d h ` z s l o r ` c j s i j u s j s h ` cj j f s d ` h j h . Y u s

d h ` j s j ÷ f p ` r t u r o j f j c j p s d q u d j t rríí j y j cj
cj p s d i l c l b í j m l h ` r f j . J a d r m ù

q u ` f ` i ` s d t j m l s b l o ` r f j r c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s y f l b r j v d tj
t j r ` f tl
tl r f l h `

c l s p r l o c ` m j s h ` c m j ú j f j . I l f t ` m p c j o j c j s a c lr
l r ` s h `c
`c i j m p l y h ` i íj

q u ` h ` o ` m l s o u s i j r cj
c j b r j f h ` z j h ` c j s i l s j s s ` f i d cc
cc j s .

I d ` rt
r t j v ` z , a u ` m ê s c ` g l s ` f s u h d s i u r s l . @ f c j a d ``ss t j q u ` j f t ` i ` h d ù j
s u j r r ` s t l , h ` s p r ` i d j f h l ` c m d ` h l y ``cc ` s t r ä s h ` c j m o d ` f t ` , d f vvdd tù
t ù j ccjj s

p ` r s l f j s j o ` o d ` r j f h ` s u a ` c ddii d h j h . F u f i j j c b u d ` f a u ` t j f a ` ccdd z ` f ccjj

t d `r
` r r j h ` c l s d f a ` ccdd i ` s . C j m u ` r t ` c l r l f h j o j , y ä c r ` f h í j k l m ` f j g ` j cj
cj

v d h j . @c m d ` h l c l i ` r i j o j , p ` r l ä c ` s t j o j s u m ` r b d h l ` f u f m j r h `

t r j f q u dc
dc dh j h , d Z u ä k l m o r ` ` s j q u ` c q u ` s ` j p j s d l f j p l r cj v dh j m d ` f -

t r j s ``cc m u f h l s ` h ` s m l r l f j s l o r ` ääcc <

Y u h d s i u r s l a u ` f l t j o c ` y i l m p c ` g l . H d g l q u ` c l s q u ` i r ` y ` r j f ` f ääcc

t ` f h r í j f j i i ` s l j u f r ííll h ` j b u j v d v j q u ` a ccu
u ddrr íj
í j h ` s h ` s u p r l p d l d f t ``--

r d l r . J c u s j r ccjj a d b u r j h ` c r ííll , q u d s l h ` i d r q u ` c j ` f ` r b í j p s í q u d i j f l ` s

` s t j o c ` s d f l a c u iitt u j f t ` .

Z u ` r í j m l s t r j r q u ` ` c s u ` ú l h ` c j a ` c di
di d hj h p j s j p l r u f i l f s t j f t `

`stj hl h` r`flvjidùf `m lidlf jc hl fh ` f l kjy t`hdl f fdd j f b u s t d j fd

r ut
u t df
d f jj.. @ f ` s ` ` s t j h l , ` c p c j i ` r ` s d f j b l t j o c ` , p ` r l f l ` s t j o c ` f
fdd ` s -

t ê t di
d i l . H ` i í j q u ` ` r j p l s d o c ` p c j f t j r a c l r ` s ` f c l s h ` s d ` r t l s , h ` s t d ccjj r

r l i í l ` f c j t d ``rr r j s ` i j , ` x t r j ``rr j c ` b r í j h ` c j s a r u s t r j i d l f ` s . F l ` r j s u a d -

id`ft` s`r `t`rfl, äc qu`ríj qu` ijhj s`r kumjfl `filftrjrj ufj a`cd-

i d h j h p ` r m j f ` f t ` y s ` r ` f j h ` f t r l h ` äc m d s m l .

@c v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s h ` g j o j p ` r p c ` g l s j s u s l y ` f t ` s , t j f t l j c l s

s ` b u d h l r ` s i l m l j c l s p ` r s ` b u d h l r ` s . I l f l i j s d ù f h ` c j a d`
d ` sstt j , c j ` s -

i l c t j h ` s l c h j h l s q u ` t ` f ííjj c j m d s d ù f h ` j r r ` s t j r c l q u ` h ù p j r jc
jc dz j h j .

@ rj
r j m u y aaêê i ddcc j p r ` k ` f h ` r c l . Äc f l t ` f í j p r l t ` i i d ù f f d j f h j o j i l f

bujrhj`spjchjs. ^`rl, d q u d ä f p l h r íj j r r ` st j r j uf k l m o r ` q u ` k ji `

` s t r `m ` i ` r cl s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s < 3 Z u d ä f p l h r íj i l f s ` b u d r j m l r h j z j r j

u f v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s q u ` c ddoo ``rr j ccjj s ` m l i d l f ` s < C l s s l c h j h l s s `

a u ` r l f i l f cj s m j f l s v j i íj s .

Cls cíh`r`s h` Dsrj`c qu` cls kjoíjf `fvdjhl s` dfhdbfjrlf. Jc

p r ` b u f t j r c ` s q u ä k j o ííjj p j s j h l , ccll s s l c h j h l s i l f t ` s t j r l f 7 « Fuf ij

f jh d` k j oc ù i l m l ` s t ` k l m o r ` µ . D m p r ` s d l f j h l s il f c l q u ` G ` s ÷ s

h ` i í j , ` c ccll s h ` s ` j r l f j f s d l s j m ` f t ` o ` o ` r h ` c j a ` ccdd i ddh

h j h j i ` r i j h ` cj

i u j c s ` c `s k j o c j o j .

F l a u ` r l f s u s m d c j b r l s q u ` i j m o d j r l f c j k d st
s t l r d j h ` cj k u m j f d h j h .

A u ` r l f s u s s u ` ú l s . J c l c j r b l h ` c ls
l s s d b c l s , G ` s u i r d s t l k j k ` i k l j od
od c -

c l f `s h ` p ` r s l f j s s l ú j h l r ` s . Äc a u ` ` c m ê s b r j f h ` v ` f h ` h l r h `

s u ` ú l s h ` ccjj k d st
s t l r dj
dj . Y u s s u ` ú l s j c d m ` f t j r l f c j ` s p ` r j f z j h ` c l s

` f a ` r m l s h ` i ê f i ` r , h ` c l s q u ` p ` r h d ` r l f j s u s s ` r ` s q u ` r d h l s , h ` c ls
ls

q u ` s u a r d ` r l f d f g u s ttdd i ddjj s , h ` c ls
ls q u ` i j y ` r l f ` f `c i j m d f l , t r j y ä f h l c ` s

p j z ` f m ` h d l h ` c js
j s t l r m ` f t j s y r ` a rrdd b ``rr d l ` f ` c ê r d h l s u ` c l h ` c j ` x d s -

t`fidj.

O j g l `c t l q u ` h ` s u s s u ` ú l s s ` p u ` h ` ` f i l f t r j r j cb l tj f o u s i j h l y
t j f h d aí
a í id
i d c h ` ` f i l f t r j r 7 ` c s ` f t d h l h ` c j v ddh
hj.

0 | @C I L _ J W Ù F H @ CLY H D Y I Í ^ P C L Y !
 CL Y Y P @C L Y H @ C J C M J K P M J F J

C l s ` f ` m d b l s y cl
cl s j m d b l s cl h ` s i l f l i í j f

D m o u d h l s h ` c l s s u ` ú l s h ` G ` s ÷ s , c l s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i íp u c l s , h ` gj f h l

j t r ê s ` c a u t u r l q u ` k j o í j f p c j f ` j h l , t u v d ` r l f ` c v j c l r h ` v l c t ` j r cj
cj

pêbdfj h` su kdstlrdj y s`budrcl. Yd kuod`rjf líhl j Gujf `c Ojutdstj

j f u f i d ê f h l c l , s ` b u r j m ` f t ` k j o r ííjj f p ` f s j h l q u ` ` r j j c b u d ` f i j p j z h `

r ` uf
u f d r ` c m j y l r h ` t l h l s c l s ` g ä r i ddtt l s , y v j c ` r s ` h ` s u a u ` r z j p j r j q u `

` c m u f h l s ` p l s t r j r j j s u s p d ` s . ^ ``rr l q u ` h j r l f d m p r ` s d l f j h l s i l f

j q u ` c c j s p j c j o r j s q u ` p ` f ` t r j r l f ` f ccll m ê s í f t ddm
m l h ` s u s ` r.
r . X l h l ccll

qu` G`s÷s k j ií j ` rj r l m p ` r p j r j h d b m j s y i l f i ` p t l s ` s t j o c` i dh l s .

J u f q u ` r ` v ` cj o j u f p l h ` r ` x t r j l r h d f j r dl , p r ` a` r íj h j r ä f a j s d s j cj
s ` f s d o d c dh j h . K j o c j f h l h ` cj ` t ` r f d h j h p j r ` i í j t j f s u p ` r d l r j t l h l s ,

p ` r l ` r j k u m d c h ` p j r j ` f i l r v j r s ` j ccll s p d ` s h ` p ` r s l f j s s ` f i d cccc j s .

^ r ` a`
a ` r ííjj c j d f t ` c ddbb ` f i d j j c j a u ` r z j , ccjj s j o d h u r í j jjcc p l h ` r . 3 Z u d ä f ` r j ` s `

klmor`<

G ` s ÷ s ` r j p r u h ` f t ` ` f `c k j o c j r . F l s l t r l s , i u j f h l c l k j i ` m l s ,

` x j b ` r j m l s y k j o c j m l s ` f h ` m j s í j , p ` r l äc ` r j p l f h ` r j h l . Y j oí j

i u ê f h d a íi
í i dc
d c ` r j p j r j c llss h d s i í p u c l s i l m p r ` f h ` r s u p r l y `i t l , s u s

d h ` j s , s u s s u ` ú l s . ^ l r ` s l , ` r j m ` s u r j h l ` f j c d m ` f t j r c ` s ` c j c m j y `c

` s p í r d tu
t u , i l m l u f j m j h r ` q u ` j i jjrr d i d j j s u s k d ggll s . Y u b r j f j m o d i ddùù f

` r j t r j f s a l r m j r j s u s d f h l i t l s h d s i í p u c l s y k j i ` r h ` ` c cl
cl s j f t l r i k j s

v d v j s q u ` p u h d ` r j f d f i ` f h d j r `c m u f h l i l f s u s p r l y ` i t l s y s u ` ú l s .

Äc fl `rj h`mjsdjhl `xpcíidtl iujfhl s` r`a`ríj j su p`rslfjcdhjh y

l o g ` td
td v l s . J s u s ` f ` m d b l s c l s i l f a u f h í j i l f s u s r ` j i i d l f ` s 5 j s u s

j m d b l s c l s a j s i d f j o j i l f s u s p j ccjj o r j s . J m d b l s y ` f ` m d b l s t ` f í j f s u s

m ` f t ` s d f u f h j h j s p l r ccjj s h u h j s .
 @ s t l s f l s j o í j f j q u d ä f p ` r s ` b u í j f , y j q u ` c c l s f l s j o í j f j q u dä f

s ` b u í j f . Y l c l s j o í j f q u ` `r j d m p l s d o c ` m j f t ` f ` r s ` d f hd a` r `f t `s j f t`

äc .

C j p j r ê o l c j h ` c s ` m o r j h l r 7 ` c ` h u i j h l r m ê s ` x i ` cc`` f tt``

G ` s ÷ s ` r j u f ordccjft` f j r r j h l r h ` k d s t l r d j s . I l f s u s p j r ê o l c j s , cl-

b r j o j r ` s u m d r t ` m j s p j rrjj i u y l j f ê c d s d s s ` r ` q u ` r ddrr ííjj f m u i k l s c do

d o rrll s.
s.

H ` ` s t j m j f ` r j ` h u i j o j j s u s h d si í pu c l s.

I d ` r t j v ` z,
z , f j r r ù u f j k d s t l r ddjj q u ` s d f t ` t d z j o j s u m d s d ù f 7 ccjj p j r ê o l c j

h`c s`morjhlr (Mjt`l :9.9). H` alrmj sdmoùcdij, icjsdadiù `c ilrjzùf

k u m j f l i l m l v j r d l s t d p l s h ` s u ` c l s . F l k j o c ù h ` ` r r l r ` ss,, j i d ` r t llss ,

ä x d t l s l a r j i j s l s . I c j s d a ddii ù ``cc i l r j z ù f ` m l i d l f j c ` d f t ` cc`` i ttu

ujc h
h`` c s ` r
k u m j f l p l r s u r ` i ` p t d v dh dh j h, s u h ` s p r ` f h d m d ` f t l y s u h d s p l s di d ù f

pjrj jpr`fh`r.

I l f t r j r d l j cj
c j ` h u i j i d ù f j i t u j cc,, G ` s ÷ s f l u s j o j c js
js p j c j o r j s p j r j

t r j f s m d t d r d f a l r m j i d l f ` s c ù b di
di j s , f
fdd v ` ííjj ccjj m ` m l r d j i l m l u f h ` -

p ù s d t l h ` ` s j s d f a l r m j i d l f ` s . ^ j r j äc, cj m ` m l r d j ` r j u f s u ` c l q u `

h`oíj r`idodr s`mdccjs qu`, jc b`rmdfjr, s` h`sjrrlccjríjf y aruitd-

adijríjf.

« A r u i td
t d a ddii j r h ù f h ` < @ f ``cc t ` r r ddtt l r d l h ` c j ` m l i d ù f y ` f ` c ` s i ` f j r d l

h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s . « I u ê c ` s s` r í jf c l s a r u t l s < J m l r , p j z , s ` b ur d hj h ,

s ` f s d o d c d h j h , s l c d h j r d h j h , p ` r h ù f , m j f s ` h u m o r ` , i j p j i d h j h h ` s `r
` r vvdd r ,

k j o d c d h j h p j r j p ` f s j r j f t ` s h ` r ` j i i d l f j r . Äc
Ä c i l f q u d s t j o j ` c `s
` s p ír
í r d ttu
u

h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s , c l íf
í f t dm
d m l h ` c s ` r k u m j f l , b ` f ` r j f h l d f sspp d r j i d ù f , h ` -

s ` l j r h d`
d` f t ` p l r i j m o d l s , i r ` j t dv d h j h y j rt ` h ` p ` f s j r . J c i j f z j o j j c b l

q u ` c j ` h u i j i d ù f i c ê s di j j f k ` c j, p ` r l f l j c i j f z j 7 p r l h u i d r p ` f s j h l r ` s

y fl s dm p c` s r`p`tdhlr`s.
 Y u h ` s ` l f l ` r j i l r r ` bd r i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s fd p r l h u i d r p ` r s l f j s

q u ` r ` j i i dl f j r jf i l m l r l o l ttss o d ` f i l m p l r t j h l s . G ` s ÷ s p cj f tj o j

s ` m d c c j s ` f c l s s u ` c l s i l f s i d ` f t ` ` d f i l f s i d ` f t ` h ` ccjj m ` m l r d j h `

su s s`budhlr`s, `sp`rjf hl qu ` ` c c js
js tr j f s al r m j r j f sus p`rslf-

j c d h j h ` s j ccll c jjrr b l h ` c j v d h j . Y u t j r ` j ` r j b d b j f t ` s i j , p u ` s s u s h d s -

i í p u c l s t ` f í j f u f j ` s t r u i t u r j ` m l i d l f j c ` d f tt`` c`
c ` i ttu
u j c h ` a l r m j h j y sdf

ojs`s prlaufhjs.

Y d o d `f
` f s u v d s d ù f j i ` r i j h ` c j ` h u i j i d ù f y s u p r ê iitt d iijj h ` t r j f s a l r -

mjidùf h` cj p`rslfjcdhjh au`rlf mjfdad`stjs kji` v`dft` sdbcls,

s d b u ` f ` s t j f h l v d b ` f t ` s y s l f i j p j i ` s h ` d m p j i t j r cj `h u i j i dù f m l h -

`rfj.

C ls
l s s u ` cl
c l s h ` c j c m j k u m j f j 7 ` c i l r j z ù f h ` c l s h ddss i íp
í p u cl
cl s

H u r j f t ` ttrr ` d f t j j ú l s , G ` s ÷ s d f v ` s t d b ù j t ` f t j y s d c ` f i d l s j m ` f t ` `c

p r l i ` s l h ` a l r m j i d ù f h ` ccjj p ` r s l f j c d h j h . @ rrjj u f ` x p ` r t l ``f

f h ` t ` i t jr

fu`strjs h`odcdhjh`s. Yjoíj qu` k`rdmls j cjs p`rslfjs qu` mês

j m j m l s , q u ` p ` r h ` m l s a ê i ddcc m ` f t ` ccjj p j i d ` f i d j , q u ` s l m l s b l o ` r -

f j h l s p l r f u ` s t r j s p r ` l i u p j i d l f ` s . ^ ` r l ` f ccu
ubjr h` jiusj rfl s fls

` s t d m u c ù j p ` f s jr .

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s ` r j u f p c j f t j h l r h ` s ` m d cccc j s . Y j o í j q u `

cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h f l i j m o d j p l r u f j i t l h ` m j b d j . @ r j u f ` h u i j h l r h `

p r d f i dp
dp d l s , uf p` fs jh lr p`rspdijz, jstu tl y h ` t j c c ds
d s t jj,, d ^lr quä

j s u m d r í j cj a u f i dù f h ` s ` m o r j h l r i l m p j r j f h l ` c i l r j z ù f p s di l cù b di l

j u f s u ` c l < ^ l r q u ` f l q u ` r íj h j r s l c l ` f s ` ú j f z j s , r `b cj s h ` i l m p l r -

t j m d ` f t l y f l r m j s h ` i l f hu i tj .

@f `c J f t d b u l
`c X`stjm `f tl, c js
js c`y`s dft`ftjrlf il rr`bdr jjcc s ` r

k u m j f l , h d s i d p ccdd f j r c l , k j i ` r cl
cl t ` f ` r u f j i l f v d v ` f i d j s l i d j c s j c u h j o c ` ,
p ` r l a jc
j c ccjj r l f . J u f q u ` c j s c ` y ` s s l f ` x i ` c ` f t ` s f l r m j s h ` i l f h u i t j , ccjj

j b r ` s d v d h j h , ` c ` b l í s m l y ccjj s d f ggu
u s t di d js f u f i j a u ` r l f ` x t d r p j h js ,

j f t ` s j ac lr j rl f i l f m ê s a u` rz j .

C j c ``yy y c j s r ` b ccjj s h ` i l f h u i t j o u s i j f i j m o d j r j c s ` r k u m j f l h `

j a u ` r j k j i d j j h ` f t r l . C j s s ` m d c c j s q u ` `c
`c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j q u ` r í j

p c j f t j r o u s i j o j f i j m o d j r c l h ` j h ` f t r l k j i d j j a u ` r j . F l k j y a ddbb u r j

m ê s o ``cc ccjj p j r j u f ` h u i j h l r q u ` c j h ` c s ` m o r j h l r . P f ` h u i j h l r q u `

s d ` m o r j ` s u f r ` v l c u i d l f j r d l . ^ d ` r h ` ``cc i l f t r l c s l o r ` c l q u ` p c jf
j f t jj..

Cjs s`mdccjs t`fhrêf vdhj prlpdj y plhrêf trjfsalrmjr pjrj sd`mpr` `c

s d s t ` m j ` m l i d l f j c y s li
l i ddjj c.
c.

@ s l ` r j c l q u ` G ` s ÷ s j f k ` c j o j . F j h d ` s l ú ù t j f t l ` f i j m o d j r `c
`c m u f -

h l i l m l ä c , p ` r l f u f i j u s ù c j v d l cc`` f i d j l c j p r ` s d ù f p j r j ` s l . Äc s j o ííjj
q u ` `c
` c i j m o d l s l c l s ` r í j r ` jjcc s d l i u r r í j ` f ` c j c m j y ` f ``cc ` s p í r d t u k u -

mjfl.

C l s i u j t r l t d p l s h ` s u ` c l s q u ` h ` s i r d o dù ` f s u p j r ê o l c j r ` p r ` s` f t j f

i u j t r l t d p l s h ` p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` s h d sstt d f t j ss,, l i u j t r l ` t j p j s h ` u f j m d s -

m j p ` r s l f j c d h j h . @ f `c
`c i j s l h ` c l s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i í p u c l s , ` c c l s r ` p r ` -

s ` f t j o j f p r d f i d p j c m ` f t ` i u j t r l ` t j p j s h ``cc h ` s j r r l c c l h ` s u s p ` r s l f -

j c d h j h ` s ` f cj
cj g l r f j h j i l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s .

@ c p r d m ` r ttdd p l h ` s u ` ccl
l 7 ` c q u ` ` s ttê
ê gu f tl j uf ijm dfl

@ c p r d m ` r t d p l h ` s u ` c l c l h ` s i r d o d ù i l m l u f j t d ` rrrr j jc
j c o l r h ` h `c
`c

i j m d f l ( M j t ` l : 9 .8 ) . « T c j s j v ` s v d fd ` rl f y c j s i l m d ` r l f µ . F l tu-

vd`rlf cjs m íf dm j s il f h di dl f ` s pjrj b`rm dfjr.

3 J q u ä t d p l h ` p ` r s l f j s r ` p r ` s ` f t j ` s ` s u ` c l < _ ` p r ` s ` f t j j c ls
ls q u `

fl `stêf j o d` r tl s j cl fu`vl, j cls qu ` fl `stêf h dspu `stl s j

jpr`fh`r. J cls qu` s` ` f i dd`` r r j f ` f s u m uf hl, j cl s q u ` ` s t ê f

i l f t j m d f j h l s p l r ` c l r b u c c l , q u ` f l c l b r j f j o r ddrr ` c p ` f s j m d ` f t l j

l t r js p l s d o dc dh j h ` s. J j q u ` c cl s p j r j q u d ` f ` s s u s v ` r h j h ` s s l f j o s l -

c u tj
t j s . J c llss q u ` t d ` f ` f s u i l r j z ù f p s d i l c ù b d i l p ` t r d a ddii j h l i l m l c j

t d`
d` rr j h ` u f j i j r r ` t ` rj . Y l f t j f r í bd h l s y i ` r r j h l s q u ` i u j f h l s ` c ` s

m ` t ` j c b l ` f c j i j o ` z j f j h d ` c l b rj r ` m l v ` r c l .

3J i u ê f t j s p ` r s l f j s i l f l i ` m l s i l f ` s j s i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s < 3 I u ê f t j s

v `i `s f l sl trl s m ds m l s fl r` j i i dl f j m l s jsí< Y l m l s lo stdfjhl s,

r ` j i dl
d l s , f l p ` r m d t d m l s q u ` f l s i u ` s t d l f ` f . @c m u f h l t d ` f ` q u ` b dr
dr j r

` f t l r f l h ` c l q u ` p ` f s j m l s . @ s j `r j c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` j q u ` cc l s

gù v ` f ` s j q u d ` f ` s G ` s ÷ s ccjm ù.

C l s h l c l r ` s , c j s p ä r h d h j s y c j s h ` i ` p i d l f ` s , c j s f u ` s t r j s y ccjj s h ` c ls
ls

q u ` f l s r l h ` j f h ` o ` r í j f a u f i d l f j r i l m l j r j h l s p j r j s u r i j r `c
i l r j z ù f ` m l i d l f j c . ^ `r l j v ` i ` s s l m l s tj f r í bd hl s q u ` f l p ` r -

mdtdmls qu` `ccjs p`f`tr`f `f cls ilmpjrtdmd`ftls íftdmls h` fu`-

s t r l s ` r . Y ` b u d m l s s d ` f h l c llss m d s m l s , f l j p r ` f h ` m l s h ` f u ` s t r l s

` r r l r ` s 5 ` f i j m o d l , u f j p ` r s l f j d f t ` c db
d b ` f t ` y s j o d j j p r ` f h ` h ` c ls
ls ` r -

r l r ` s p r l p d l s y h ` c llss j g ` f l s .

Cls qu ` r ` j i i dl f j f jsí r `p
` p dt
d t ``f
f c ls m dsm ls il m plrtjm d`ftls.

F j h d ` c l s s j i j h ` s u i j m d f l 5 f j h d ` c llbb r j c cc`` v j r c l s j r ` i j p j i ddtt j r 5 f j h dd``

c lb rj s ` m o r j r ` f s u s i l r j z l f `s .

Kjy muikls dft`c`itujc`s7 adcùslals, psdiùclbls, mähdils qu` slf

i ` r r j h l s y p r ` i l f i ` p t u l s l s . F l j i ` p t j f q u ` s ` c ` s i l f t r j r íí`` 5 t d ` f ` f

m d ` h l h ` j o r d r s ` j l t r j s p l s d o d c d h j h ` s 5 s l f d f a `c
` c d ii`` s y, c l q u ` ` s p `l
` l rr,,

k j i ` f d f a`
a ` cd
c d i`
i` s j c j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` m ê s j m j f .

C j s j o d h u r í j r ` q u d ` r ` q u ` ` s t ` m l s s d ` m p r ` j o d ` r t l s j ccjj s f u ` v j s

c ` i i d l f ` s . C j k u m d c h j h ` s cj a u ` r z j h ` c l s s j o d l s , y cj j r r l b j f i d j , `f

i j m o d l , ` s ccjj a u ` r z j h ` c ls
l s h ä o d cc`` s . F d G ` s ÷ s , i l f s u s m ê s o ` c c js
js
` f s ` ú j f z j s h ` s j o d h u r í j y j m l r c l b r ù k j i ` r b ` r m d f j r c j s s ` m d c cj
cj s i j í-

h j s j c j l rd
r d cc
cc j h
h`` c i j m d f l . Ä
Äcc p u h l t r j o j g j r ` f ` c j c m j h ` c l s q u `

r`idoíjf sus pjcjorjs, pu`s r`sp`tjoj prlaufhjm`ft` `c cdor` jco`hríl

h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s . ^ ` rrll p j r j q u ` p u h d ` r j j y u h j r c ` s , ` r j f ` i ` s j r d l q u ` s `

jord`rjf y r`il fli d`rjf su prlpdl lrbuccl, su rdbdh`z y su jrrlbjfidj.

C l s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i íp u c l s , j u f q u ` l o s t d f j h l s , s ` j o r d ` r l f j äc.

J s í , jc l í r c j s p j c j o r j s h ` c M j ` s t r l y i l f t ` m p c j r , a j s i d f j h l s , s u s

j i t d t u h ` s , ` c s u ` c l h ` c i l r j z ù f h ` c ls
ls h d s i í p u c l s a u ` j r j h l y p r ` p j r j h l

p j r j r ` i d od
odr s u s s ` m d cc j s . J u f q u ` t ` f íj f m u i k l s h ` a ` i t l s , ` r j f p ` r-

s l f j s s ` f i d c c j s . Y u l r b u c c l f l t ` f íj
íj r j íi ` s p r l a u f h j s . ^ l r ` s l G ` s ÷ s

cls `cdbdù.

J k l r j ` f t ` f h ` m l s u f p l i l m ê s h`c p l r q u ä s ` c`s ` s i l b d ù j `ccls,

p r ` i d s j m ` f t ` . J p ` s j r h ` s ` r i l m p c d i j h l s y j b r ` s d v l s , j q u ` c cl
cl s k l m -

o r ` s ` r j f m ê s a ê id
i d c`
c ` s h ` t r j o j g j r q u ` cl
c l s a j r d s ` l s . @ s t l s , j u f q u ` a u ``rr -

j f d f t ` cc`` i t u j c m ` f t ` m u y s u p ` r d l r ` s j c llss g ù v ` f ` s b j c ddcc ` l s , ` s t j o j f

i l f t j m d f j h l s p l r `c v d ru s h ` c l r b u c c l q u ` h ` s t ru y ` i u j c q u d ` r t d p l h `

p`rslfjcdhjh.

C l s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i í p u c l s i l m ` f z j r l f s u i j m d f j r i l f G ` s ÷ s i l m l `c

s u ` c l j c o l r h ` h `c
`c i j m d f l . X l h l s p j s j r l f p l r ` s t j ` t j p j , p u ` s ` rj f

d m p u c s d v l s , j f s d l s l s y j b r ` s d v l s . H ` s h ` m d p u f t l h ` v d s t j , c j ÷ f ddii j

` x i ` p i d ù f a u ` G u h j s . Ä c ` r j m ê s i u c tl
tl y s ` f s j t l , m ` f l s d m p ` r m ` j o c ` .

I u j f h l G ` s ÷ s c l ` f i l f t r ù , y j ` s t j o j ` f u f f ddvv ` c m ê s j h ` c j f t j h l . @ r j

h ` ` s p ` r j r , p l r t j f t ll,, q u ` o r ddcc cj
c j rj
rj m ê s q u ` c l s l t r l s 5 f l l o s t j f t ` , t u -

v l uf adf tr ê b di l .

@ f @ c M j ` s t r l h ` c j s ` m l i d l f ` s i l m ` f t ä q u ` ``cc m j y l r a j v l r q u `

p l h ` m l s k j i ` r c ` j u f j s ` m d c c j ` s ` f t`
t ` r r j r ccjj . P f j v ` z s ` p u c t j h j , ``cc cj
cj

mlrdrê, p`rl s` muctdpcdijrê. Cjs s`mdccjs qu` fl p`f`trjf `f cj td`rrj

s l f i l m d h j s p l r c j s j v ` s y p d` r h
h`` f s u a u f i ddùù f . H ` s j a l r t u f j h j m ` f t ` ,

cj m j y l r í j h ` c j s s ` m d c c j s q u ` r ` i d o d m l s f l b ` r m d f j f .

d I ù m l ` s t ê ` c t ` r r ` f l h ` s u p s d q u ` < 3 J i ` p t j u s t ` h j y u h j h ` c jjss

p ` r s l f j s q u ` c l r l h ` j f < Y u s j m d b l s , k d ggll s , i l m p j ú ` r l s h ` t r j o j g l , 3

i l f s d b u ` f k j o cj r j s u i l r j z ù f < 3 K j i ` u s t `h h ` s u s s u a rd m d` f t l s, k ` r-

r j m d ` f t j s p j r j s u r i j r s u t d ` rrrr j y v l c v ` r c j j p t j p j r j q u ` c j s m ê s f l o c ` s

s ` m d c c j s p u ` h j f i r ` i ` r jccí<

@ c s ` b u f h l t ddp
p l h ` s u ` c l 7 ` c q u ` ` s t ê ` f t r ` p d`
d ` h rj
rj s

@c s u ` c l q u ` ` s t ê ` f t r ` p d ` h r j s ` s `c s ` b u f h l t d p l h ` i l r j z ù f j q u `

G ` s ÷ s k d z l r ` a ` r ` f i d j ` f ` s t j p j r ê o l c j . @ s u f s u ` c l m ` g l r q u ` `c q u `

` s t ê j c o l r h ` h ` c i j m d f l . C j s s ` m d c c j s ` f i u ` f t r j f j cccc í i l f h d i d l f ` s ,
j u f q u ` m í f d m j s , p j r j b ` r m d f j r . C j s p c j f ttdd t j s f j i ` f p l r q u ` ccjj t d`
d` r r j

` s p l i l p r l a u f h j , p ` r l c u ` b l v d ` f ` ` c i j c l r h ` c s l c y ccjj s q u ` m j , p u ` s

s u s r j í i ` s s l f s u p ` r a d i ddjj c ` s .

3 J q u d ä f ` s r ` p r ` s ` f t j ` s t ` t ddpp l h ` s u ` c l < I l m l ` c p r l p d l G ` s ÷ s c l

h dg
d g l,
l , r ` p r ` s ` f t j j t l h l s c l s q u ` r ` iidd o ``f
f rêpdhj y jc`br`m `ft` su pjc-

j o rj . « ^ ` rrll f l ttdd ` f ` f r j íízz ` f s í m d s m l s , s d f l q u ` s l f h ` i l r t j h u -

r j i dù
d ù f , p u ` s j c v ` f d r c j j a ccdd i i ddùù f l c j p ` r s ` i u i d ù f p l r i j u s j h ` c j p j c -

jorj, cu`bl trlpd`zjf µ (M jt`l :9.?>).

C l s h d s i íp u c l s s ` h d` r l f i u ` f t j q u ` ` c M j ` s t r l f l ` c d m d f j o j t l h l s

c ls
l s l o s t ê i u c l s q u ` ` f i l f t r j r l f ` f ``cc i j m d f l . @ s l c ls
ls j s u s t ù y i l f -

a u f h d ù y c ` s k ddzz l ` f t ` f h ` r q u ` f l ` s t j o j f c d o r ` s h ` h ` i ` p i d l f ` s . ^ ` f -

sjrlf qu` s`budrcl s`ríj vdvdr ojgl uf id`cl s`r`fl, hlfh` fl kjoríj

h ` s ` f i u ` f t r l s f d a r j i j s l s . ^ ` rrll s ` ` q u d v l i j r l f .

G`s÷s fufij kdzl tjc`s prlm `sjs. ^rlm `tdù sí, au`rzj `f cj

a r j b ddcc ddh
h j h,
h , r ` a rd
r d b `r
`r dl ` f c l s a r j i j s l s , v j c l r `f c l s m l m ` f t l s h ` h ` s ` s -
p `r l. C l s h d s i í p u c l s v ` í jf j c p r l p d l G ` s ÷ s p j s j r p l r t j f t l s p r l o c ` m j s

y j r rd`sb jr s` dficusdv` j s ` r m u`r tl, y q u ` h j r l f jt`rrjhl s. « « Y ` r ê , `f

r ` jc
j c ddh
h j h , ` c M ` s í j s < « Q j ch
ch r ê cj p ` f j s ` b u d r c l < T s u s s u ` ú l s , d f l s ` r êf

m ` r l s h ` c dr
dr dl s < µ @ s j s p r ` b u f t j s cl
cl s j t l r m ` f t j o j f , p lr ` s l q u ` m u -

i k l s , h ` s  j f d m j h l s , h ` s d s t d ` r l f h ` s ` b u d rrcc l.
l.

I r ` l q u ` t l h l s c ls g ù v ` f ` s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s p j s j r l f p l r ` s j

` t j p j . @ c ccll s f l ` r j f b d b j f t ` s , i l m l t j m p l i l c l ` s s ` r k u m j f l j c -

b u f l . X l h l s t ` f ` m l s f u ` s t r l s c ím
í m d t ` s . J v ` i ` s , u f j p ` q u ` ú j p d`
d ` h r jj,,

q u ` p j r j j cb
c b u d ` f ` s a êêii dc
dc r l h ` j r c j , p j r j l t r l r ` p r ` s ` f t j u f j b r j f m l f -

t j ú j . @ f i j r j r c l s p r l o c ` m j s y ` f a r ` f t j r c l s f l ` s aê
a ê id
id c , p ` r l ` s f ` i ` -

s j r d l . @ c m d ` h l j c l s p r l o c ` m j s d f t ` f s ddaa d i j ``cc h l cl
cl r . @ f a r ` f t j r c l s ` s

u f j j i t d t u h d f t ` cd
cd b ` f t ` .
^`rl, d i u ê c ` s c j m ` g l r a l r m j h ` ` f a r ` f tj r c l s p r l o c ` m j s < @ i k j f h l

r j íi
íi ` s `f `c s u ` c l h ` f u ` s t r j p s d q u ` . C j s r j í i ` s h ` u f ê r o l c s l f `c s ` -

i r ` t l h ` c ä x ddtt l , h ` s u i j p j i d h j h h ` s l p l r t j r ` c i j c l r h ` c s l c , c jjss t l r -

m ` f t j s y ` c aarr íl
íl . C j s r j í i ` s h j f s u s t ` f t j i d ù f j c j s p c j f t j s y c j s s u p c ` f

i l f f u t r dd`` f t ` s y j b u j .

@ c s ` i r ` t l h ` c ä xxdd t l h ` u f ` s t u h d j f t ` , h ` u f ` g ` i u t d v l , h ` u f p r l a ` -

s d l f jc , h ` uf h ` p l r t ds t j t j m o d ä f ` s t ê ` f s u s r j í i` s . M u i k l s l o s ` r v j f

` c ä x ddtt l y q u ` h j f m j r j v d c c j h l s , p ` r l f l v ` f i u j f t l vvjj cl
cl r , k u m d c h j h ,

s ` f i d cccc ` z , h ` t ` r m d f j i d ù f , h ` s ` l j r h dd`` f t ` p l r j p r ` f h ` r ` s t ê f m ` t d h l s

` f c j rrjj í i ` s h ` s u ` m l i d ù f y h ` s u s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s .

Yd ust`h fl s` pr`liupj `f iuctdvjr rjíi`s dft`rfjs, fl `sp`r`

` f i l f t r j r j b u j s p r l a u f h j s ` f c l s h í j s h ` j r ddh
h ` z.
z. C j s p c j f t j s q u `

s l p l r t j f cj j f b u s t d j h
h`` c s l c y c ls
ls p ` r d l h l s h ` s ` q u í j f l s l f c j s m ê s

o ` cc
c c js
j s , s d f l c js
j s q u ` t d ` f ` f r j ííii ` s m ê s p r l a u f h j s . J
Jcc c í ` f i u ` f t r j f ` c

j b u j q u ` c ``ss p ` r m d t ` s ` b u d r v d v d ` f h l .
 I u j c q u d ` r h í j v j f j p r ` s ` f t j r s ` c j s h da d i u ct j h ` s y c l s p r l o c ` m j s j

c ls
ls q u ` s d ` m p r ` t u v d` r l f u f j v d h j t r jf q u dc j. C l s j m d b l s s ` m j r -

i k j r ê f , ccjj p ` r s l f j j q u d ` f m ê s j m j m l s f l s j o j f h l f j r ê , ccll s k d g l s f l

fls ilmpr`fh`rêf, `c trjojgl s` vlcv`rê uf t`hdl, `c hdf`rl s` drê `f-

t r ` c ls
ls h ` h l s .

d Z u ä k j i` r< 3 H ` s ` s p ` rj r s `< ¡F l ! J p r l v `i k j r cj s l p l rt u fd hj h ` s

p j rj
r j p r l a u f h ddzz j r ccjj s r j í ii`` s.
s. G ` s ÷ s h ` m l s t r ù q u ` , p j r j ` s l , ` s f ` i ` -

s j r d l r ` m l v ` r ccjj s p d ` h r j s , ccll s ` s t l r o l s h ` f u ` s t r l s ` r . « I ù m l < @ x p c l -

r j f h l h ` f t r l h ` f l s l t r l s m d s m l s p j r j i l f l i ` r f l s m ` g lr . @ x p l f dä f -

h l f l s j r d ` s b l s p j r j i l f q u d s t j r j q u ` c c l q u ` r ` j c m ` f t ` t d ` f ` v jjcc l rr..

J i ` p t j f h l i l f v j c` f tíj cjs p ä r h d h j s dr r ` p j r j o c` s. _ ` i l f l i d ` f h l ajccjs,

h d s i u c p ê f h l f l s , p ` r h l f j f h l , t l c ` r j f h l , q u d t j f h l ccjj v d b j h ` f u ` s t r l s
l g l s j f t ` s h ` q u ` r ` r s j i j r ``cc p l c v l h ` c l g l h ` c l s h ` m ê s .

C l s p ` r h ` h l r ` s s ` p ` r t u r o j f i l f ` c iijj c l r h ` c sl
s l c5
c5 c l s v ` f i ` h l r ` s u s -

j f s u s b l t j s h ` s u h l r p j r j ddrr r d bbjj r ` c s u ` c l h ` s u s ``rr . F l t ` m j j c j s

t u r o u c ` f i d j s h ` cj v dh j . Y d h ` j c b l v j j t ` f ` r m d ` h l , q u ` s ` j ` c m d ` h l

h ` f l p l s ` ` r r j í i`
i ` s.
s.

Id`rtj v`z, G`s÷s prlfufidù uf s`rmùf pjrj prlojr j sus ly`ft`s.

C l s ` s i j f h j c d z ù h d i d ` f h l q u ` ` c c l s h ` o ííjj f i l m ` r h ` s u i j r f ` y o ` o ` r

h ` s u s j f b r ` . @ f r ` j ccdd h j h , ccll q u ` q u ` r í j h ` i d r ` r j q u ` s u s p j c j o r j s

i l f s t d t u í j f ` c j c d m ` f t l v ` r h j h ` r l p j r j f u ttrr dr
dr cl s s u ` c l s h ` c j c m j y h `c

` s p í r dt
d t u h ` ` c c l ss.. C j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` l y ` r l f c j p r d m ` r j p j r t ` h ` s u h d s -

i u r s l q u ` h j r l f p ` r p c ` g js . ¼ I ù m l p l h r íj f i l m ` r c l < K l r r l r d z jh l s ,

v jrdls h dsi íp u cl s kdid`rlf j h ` m ê f h ` jojf h lf jr cl .

@ f t l f i ` s , ääcc c l s m d r ù y c ` s c j f z ù u f j p r ` b u f t j d f ` s p ` r j h j . C ` s h ddll

c ddoo `r
` r tj
tj h p j r j q u ` c l j o j f h l f j r j f sd q u ` r í j f . Y ` p r l h u g l u f m l m ` f t l

h ` s d c `f i d l . @ f s ` b u d h j , ^ ` h r l s ` j h ` c j f t ù y j a d r m ù q u ` ä c y s u s j m d -
b l s f l t ` f íj
í j f p j r j h ù f h ` d r, p u ` s G ` s ÷ s t ` f í j c j s p j c j o r j s h ` v d h j ` t ` r -

f j . @ c cl
cl s k j o í j f i r ` í h l ` f `c s u ` ú l h ` G ` s ÷ s .

C l s g ù v ` f ` s b j c dc ` l s p j s j r l f p l r m u i k j s p r u ` o j s . @ s j a u` u f j h `

` cccc js
js . J i j h j p r u ` o j , s u s r j í i ` s `r j f m ê s p r l a u f h j s . C l s p r l o c ` m j s y

cl s s u a r dm d ` f t l s ` rj f k ` r r j m d ` f t j s q u ` c l s k j i íj f h ` s i u o r d r l r l h ` f -

t r l h ` ` cccc ls
ls .

@ c t ` r i ` r t dp
dp l h ` s u ` c l 7 ` c q u ` ` s t ê ` f t r ` ` s p d f l s

@ c t ` r i ` r t d p l h ` s u ` c l r ` p r ` s ` f t j u f j t d ` r rj
rj m ` g l r q u ` c j s h l s

p r d m ` r j s . @ c s u ` c l ` s j h ` i u j h l . F l ` s t dd`` r r j j p d s l f j h j , f l ` s t ê c cc`` f j

h ` p d ` h r j s . @ f ` s t ` td
td p l h ` s u ` c l , c j s s ` m d c c j s ` i k j f r j í i ` s p r l a u f h j s ,

i l f s d b u ` f j c i j f z j r j b u j s s u o t ` r r ê f ` j s , s l p l r t j f ` c i j c l r h`
h ` c s l c y ccjj s
t ` m p ` s t j h ` s . C j s p cj f td tj s i l m d ` f z j f j i r ` i` r i l f v d b lr y ` f t u -

sdjsml.

Y d f ` m o j r b l , g u f t l i l f c j s p ` q u ` ú j s p c j f t j s , i r ` i ` f t j m o d ä f , s u t dc
dc -

m ` f t ` , c l s ` s p d f l s . J c p r d f i ddpp d l , c l s ` s p d f l s p j r ` i ` f a r ê b d c ` s ` d f -

li`ft`s. K j y ` s p j i d l p j r j q u ` t l h j s c j s p c jf t j s i l f v d v j f g u f tj s .

^ `r
` r l,
l , i l f ` c p j s l h ``cc t d ` m p l , c j s p c j f t j s y c l s ` s p d f l s s ` k j i ` f

b r j f h ` s y ` c ` s p j i d l i l m d ` f z j j k j i ` r s ` p ` q u ` ú l . Y ` d f ddii dj
dj , ` f t l f i ` s ,

` f t r ` ` cc
c c l s,
s, u f j i l m p ` t ` f i d j p l r c l s f u t r d` f t ` s , `c l x í b ` f l , ` c j b u j y

c j c uz
u z h ` c sl
sl c . C l s ` s p d f l s i r ` i ` f r ê p d h j m ` f t ` y i l m d ` f z j f j s l a l i j r

j c j s p c j f t j s , i l f t r l c j f h l s u h ` s ` l h ` vvdd v d r . J s í , j p ` s j r h ` t ` f ` r

r j í i`
i ` s p r l a u f h j s , c j s p c j f t j s f l a r u iitt d aadd i jf
jf , f l s l o r ` v d v ` f .

3 J q u ä b r u p l h ` p ` r s l f j s l j q u ä ` t j p j h ` ccjj p ` r s l f j c d h j h i l r r ` -

s p l f h ` ` s ` td pl h ` s u ` c l< I l r r ` s p l f h ` j c j s p ` r s l f j s m ê s p r l au f h j s

y s ` f s j t j s , q u ` p ` r m d t ` f `c i r ` i d m d ` f t l h ` cj s s ` m d c c j s h ` c p ` r h ù f , h`c

j m l r , h ` c j s j o d h u r í j , h ` c j s l c d h j r d h j h y h ` t l h j s c j s h ` m ê s s ` m d c ccjj s
h ` c p c j f t r j s i ` f h ` f t j c h ``cc M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s .

Ylplrtjf cjs dfilmpr`fsdlf`s, cjs pr`sdlf`s, cjs hdadiuctjh`s `xt`r-

fjs.

C l s g ù v ` f ` s ` c ` b d h l s p l r G ` s ÷ s c l vvdd ` r l f s u aarr dr
dr l p l s d i d ù f y p ` r s ` -

i u i dù
d ù f , p ` r l f l s ` h ` s j f d m j r l f . Z u ` h j r l f j m ` h r ` f t j h l s i u j f h l ääcc ,

` f v j r d j s l i j s d l f ` s , ` s t u v l j p u f t l h ` s ` r j p ` h r ` j h l , p ` r l f l ccll

jojf hlf jrlf . Fdfbu fj iirr ít

í t ddii jj,, r ` i k j zl , `fa`rm `hjh , h`i`pidùf l

a r u s tr
t r j i d ù f a u ` i j p j z h ` r l o j r c ` s ``cc h ` s ` l h ` s ` b u ddrr c l .

H í j t r j s h í j s ` k d i dd`` r l f a u ` r tt`` s p j r j v ` f i ` r c l s p r l o c ` m j s h ``cc m u f -

h l . ^ j s j r l f c ls
l s j ú l s y p j r ` i í j f d m o j t d o c ` s . Y df
df ` m o j r b l , f l ` s tj o j f

p r ` p j r j h l s p j r j s u p ` r j r c l s p r l o c ` m j s h ` s u p r l pd l m u f h l df t` rf l

q u ` i r ` iiíí j f s u t d c m ` f t ` ` f c l í f t d m l h ` s u s ` rr.. @ f ` s t j p j r ê o l c j , G ` s ÷ s
h d g l q u ` c l s ` s p d f l s r ` p r ` s ` f t j f c j s p r ` l i u p j i d l f ` s ` x d s t ` f i d j c ` s , c llss

i u d h j h l s h ` c m u f h l , c js
js j m o d i d l f ` s , c j a j s i d f j i d ù f p l r c j s r d q u ` z j s .

d Zu däf fl td`f` pr` li up jidl f` s< ¼ Z u d ä f f l j f t ddii d pj

pj s dt u j i d l f ` s

h ` c a u t u r l y s u a r ` p l r ccll q u ` vvdd vd
v d ù ` f ``cc p j s j h l < 5 Z udäf fl `s s` -

h u i d h l p l r c j s r d q u ` z j s< K j y d f f u m ` r j o c ` s t dp l s h ` r d q u ` z j s q u `

a j s i d f j f jc
jc s ` r k u m j f l 7 p l s ` ` r o d ` f ` s , s ` r j h m d r j h l , s ` r r ` i l f l i d h l ,

s ` r m ê s q u ` c llss lltt r l s .

C l s b r j f h ` s p r l o c ` m j s , i l m l ` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s l ` c r d ` s b l h ` m l r dr
dr ,

f l h ` s t r u y ` r l f j c llss h d s i í p u c l s . X ` f h r í j f j k l r j q u ` p j s j r p l r c j p r u ` -

o j h ` c ls
l s p ` q u ` ú l s p r l o c ` m j s q u ` i r ` i í j f ` f ``cc s u ` c l h ` s u j c m j y

i l m p ` t í j f i l f c j s p c j f t j s f j i d h j s h ` c jjss s ` m d c c j s p u ` s t j s ` f ` c cl
cl s

p l r `c M j`str l h` cl s M j`s trl s. Cj j r r l b j f i d j ilm p`t íj ilf ``cc

p ` r h ù f 5 c j ddf
f t l cc`` r j f i ddjj , i l f c j i l m p r ` f s d ù f 5 c j f ` i ` s d h j h h ` p l h
h`` r ,

i l f ` c h ` s p r ` f h d m d ` f t l 5 c j r j o d j y `c l h d l , i l f `c j m l r .

Pfl h` cls mjylr`s iucpjoc`s plr cj jsadxdj h` cjs pcjftjs fl `s `c

a r j i j s l s d f l `c
` c ä x d tl
t l . @c
@ c ä x d t l p r l a ` s d l f j c , d f t ` c ` i ttu
u j c , a ddf
fjfi d`rl y k js -

t j ` s p d r ddtt u j c , s d f l ` s o d`
d ` f j h m d f d s t r j h l , p j r j c d z j c j df
d f t ` ccdd b ` f i ddjj , l o -

s t r u y ` c j i r ` j t d v d h j h , h ` s t r u y ` c j s d m p c d i ddh
hjh.

@ c ä x dt
d t l d c l k j p j r j c ddzz j h l l ccl
l kj cdo` rjh l<

Muikls cíh`r`s `spdrdtujc`s, md`ftrjs `c brupl `s p`qu`úl, hjf

j t ` f i d ù f ` s p ` i d j c j i j h j p ` r s l f j h ` s u p ÷ o c d i l , p r ` l i u p ê f h l s ` p l r `c
`c

h l c l r q u ` s d ` f t ` f . ^ ` rrll , jjcc i l f q u d s t j r j m d c ` s h ` l y ` f t ` s , p d ` r h ` f c j

v d s d ù f h ` i j h j u f l , p u ` s ` s t l s s ` v u ` c v ` f s l c l f ÷ m ` r l s . G ` s ÷ s h d g l 7 *µ

T l s l y `c o u ` f p j s t l r , j q u ä c q u ` h j cj v d h j p l r s u s l v ` g j s µ ( Gujf

í l . f ) . Cj a j m j g j m ê s c l k d z l p ` r h ` r `c i l f t j i t l í f t d m l i l f c j s p ` r -

s l f j s . Ä c i l f l i í j j i j h j l v ` ggjj p l r s u f l m o r ` y s ` p r ` l i u p j o j p l r
sus f`i`sdhjh`s dfhdvdhujc`s. Muikls ijt`hrêtdils, jc prdfidpdl h` cj

i j r r ``rr j , s l f l s j h l s , i r ` j t d v l s y j v ` f t u r ` r l s . ^ ` r l i u j f h l v j f s u o d -

` f h l ` f c j g ` rj r q u íj j i j h ä m d i j s l a l i j f s u i j p j i d h j h h ` p ` f s j r y s `

v u ` c v ` f ` s t ä r d c ` s h ` d h ` j s . M u i k l s ` g ` i u t d v l s ` f `c j u b ` h ` s u s i j r -

r ` r js
js r ` p r d m ` f cj lsj híj, c j p ` r s p d i j i d j y c j s ` f s d o d c dh
dh j h . X d ` f ` f

m d ` h l h ` j r r d ` s b j r s ` , f l ` x p c l r j f ccll h ` s i l f l i d h l . F l c l b r j f v ` r c ls
ls

p ` q u ` ú l s p r l o c ` m j s q u ` i j u s j r ê f b r j f h ` s t r j s t l r f l s ` f `c
`c a u t u r l .

C j s s ` m d c c j s h ` c l s ` s p d f l s ` s t j o j f j cc
cc í h ` s h ` c j m ê s t ` m p r j f j

a l r m j i d ù f h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` c l s h ddss i í p u c l s , i l m l ` s t ê f ` f t l h l s

f l s l t r l s . J c b u f j s p r ` l i u p j i d l f ` s s l f c ` bí td m j s, i l m l cj ` h u i j i d ù f

h ` c l s k ddgg l s , ccjj s ` b u r d h j h p ` r s l f j c y a j m ddcc dj

dj r , u f j o u ` f j g u o d c j i d ù f , u
uff

o u ` f p c jjf
f h ` s j c u h . @c
@c p r l o c ` m j i l m d ` f z j i u j f h l ` s j s p r ` l i u -

p j i d l f ` s f l s i l f t r l c j f , r l o j f f u ` s t r j t r j f q u d c ddh
hjh y fu`strj ijp jid-

hjh h` h ` id
h` id h
hdd r.
r. M ui kj s p` rsl fj s slf jsj ctjhj s j h dj
dj rd l plr

p ` f s j m d ` f t l s p ` r t u ro j h l r ` s . Y l f m j r j v d cc l s j s i l f c l s h ` m ê s , p `r l
s l f ` s i c j v j s h ` s u s p r l p d l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s . F l s j o ` f i u dh j r h ` su

i j c d h j h h ` v dh
dh j .

T l v d v l ` f m ` h d l h ` cj v ` b ` t j i d ù f . @ s u f sdtdl o ` c c ís dm l 5 sdf ` m -

ojrbl, fl `s aêidc pcjftjr aclr`s `f `s` cubjr, pu`s cjs klrmdbjs cjs

j t j i j f i l f b r j f v l r j i d h j h y ccll s ` s p d f l s y c js
js l t r j s p c j f t j s s ` m u c td -

p cd
c d ij
ij f r ê p d h j m ` f t ` , h d s p u t ê f h l c ` s `c ` s p j i d l h d s p l f d o c ` 5 p l r t j c m l -

t dv
d v l , ` s f ` i ` s j r d l u f i u d h j h l h d jjrr dl
dl 7 s j i j r c j s k d ` r o j s m j c j s , j o l f j r

c j t d ` rrrr j , r ` b j r y s u p c d r c ` c l s f u t r d ` f t ` s .

H ` cj m d s m j a l r m j , f ` i ` s d t j m l s i u dh j r h ` c ` i l s d s t ` m j h ` f u ` st rj

p s d q u ` . @ s t j r j t ` f t l s p j r j r ` m l v ` r j h d j r d l ccjj o j s u r j q u ` s ` j m l f t l f j

` f c l s t ` r r ` f l s h ` f u ` s t r j ` m l i d ù f y r ` iidd i c j r c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s f ` b j -

t d v l s y p ` r t u r o j h l r ` s q u ` s ` p r l h u i ` f s u t d cm
cm ` f t `.
Gu h js au` jsjctjhl p lil j p l il plr p`f sjm d`f tls p`rturojhlr`s, y

f l c l s s u p ` r ù . @ f c l s p r d m ` r l s j ú l s s ddf
f huhj q u` gjm ês p`f sù qu`

trjdidlfjríj j Irdstl. Zu`ríj qu` s` vlcvd`rj ilftrj cls ajrds`ls, p`rl

G ` s ÷ s ` r j p j i d ` f t ` i l f s u s ` f ` m d b l s . Z u ` r í j q u ` ` c M j ` s t r l t l m j r j `c

t r l f l p l c í t ddii l h ` D sr
s r j`
j ` c,
c , p ` r l ääcc q u ` r í j ``cc t r l f l h ` c i l r j z ù f k u m j f l .

G u h j s j h m d r j o j j G ` s ÷ s , p ` r l f l c l ` f t ` f h í j fd c l j m j o j . X r j t j r ` m l s

h ` ` s ` t ` m j i u j f h l i l m ` f t ` m l s ` c h ` s j r r l cccc l h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h `

c ls
ls h d s i í p u c l s . C l s ` s p d f l s i r `i d ` r l f ` f c l s ` i r ` t l h ` c j c m j h ` G u h j s .

I l m l ääcc f l c l s t r j t ù , s l a l i j r l f c js
j s o ` c cj
cj s ` f s ` ú j f z j s h ` c M j ` s t r l h `

c ls
l s M j ` s t r l s . ^ ` r h ` m l s c j s ` f i d c cc`` z ` f c j m ` h d h j q u ` c j v d h j s ` v u ` c v `

m ê s i l m p c ` g j . C j s p ` r s l f j s h` c m u f h l m l h ` r f l s l f m ê s d f
faa `c
` c d i`
i` s

q u ` c js h
h`` c p j s j h l . C j i d ` f i ddjj p r l b r ` s ù , c j t ` i f l c l b í j j v j f z ù , ccjj s

f`i`sdhjh`s s` `xpjfhd`rlf y, jsí, cj vdhj p`rhdù su s`fidcc`z y su

pl`síj.

^ j h r ` s ` k d gl
gl s s l f i j p j i ` s h ` k j o c j r h ` t ä i f d i j s i l m p c d i j h j s , p ` r l
f l s j o ` f k j o c j r h ` s í m d s m l s . F l s j o ` f c c lr
lr jr y s l ú j r g u f t l s. K j y

jm dbls qu` p`rm jf`i`f p lr j ú l s sdf il m u f d i j rs ` . F l t` f ` m l s

t d ` m p l p j r j c j s i l s j s d m p l r t j f t ` s , p u ` s ` s t j m l s c c ` f l s h ` f tr
tr l h`

f l s l t r l s m d s m l s . Y d f l t ` f ` m l s p r l o c ` m j s ` x t ` r ddll r `s
`s , f l s l t r l s cl s

ir`jmls.

G j m ê s h ` o ` m l s l c v d h j r f l s h ` q u ` `c r ` b d s t r l h ` c j s ` x p ` r d ` f i d j s

p s í q u d i j s ` s j u t l m ê t d i l . Yd f l t r j t j m l s f u ` s t r j s j f b u s t d j s , f u ` s t r j s

p r ` l i u p j i d l f ` s i l f ` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s , ``cc m d ` h l j c a u t u r l , c j s r ` j i i d l f ` s

j f s d l s j s , t l h l ` s l s ` d r ê h ` p l s d t j f h l ` f c l s s u ` c l s h ` cj
cj m ` m l r d j ,

v l cv dä f h l cl s ê i dh l s y êrdh l s. C j s aclr`s fl s l p l r tjf ` s j jidh `z, p`rl

c ls
ls ` s p d f l s cj j m j f .

Z u d ` f f l t dd`` f ` ` s ` i u d h j h l s ` d r ê ` f t r d s t ` i d ` f h l y ` f a ` r m j f h l
c ` f t j m ` f t ` j c l ccjj r b l h ` c j v d h j s df
df d m p l r t j r q u ` k j y j t ` f d h l u f j

f dú ` z s j cu h j o c ` . C j v d h j s ` v u ` c v ` t j f j m j r b j q u ` c j p ` r s l f j f l ` f -

td`fh` plr qu ä ` s df
faa ` cd
c d z,
z , d m p j i d ` f t ` , v í i t dm
dm j h ` c j s t ` f s d l f ` s l p l r

q u ä t d` f ` ` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s psdilslm êtdijs. Fl kjy prloc`m js `x t` -

r d lr
l r ` s , fd
f d i r ds
d s d s a j md
m d cd
c d j rr,, a d f j f i d ` r j l s l i d j cc.. X d ` f ` t l h l s c l s m l t d v l s

h `c
` c m u f h l p j r j vd
v d vd
vd r s l f r d ` f h l , p ` r l ` s t ê j f b u s t d j h j , ¼ ^lr quä<

^ l r q u ` f l i u d h ù h ` s j i j r c l s ` s p d f l s h ` s u d f t`
t ` rd
r d l rr.. C j p j r ê o l c j h ` c
s ` m o r j h l r i l f t j h j p l r G ` s ÷ s t d` f ` u f p r l a u f h l ` a ` i t l ` h u i j td v l y

t`rjpäutdil. H`o`mls `stjr jc`rtjs.

¼ Z u ä t dp l h ` s u ` c l ` s u s t ` h < 3 K j i u d h j h l c j s p r df i d p jc ` s p c j f tj s h `

su vdhj< d K j p c j f t j h l a cl r ` s ` f c l s s u ` c l s h ` s u m ` m l r d j l c l s kj

`fsui djhl ilf ojsurj y pr`liupjidlf`s<

@ c ÷ c t d m l t ddp
p l h ` s u ` c l 7 c j o u ` f j t dd`` rrrr j

C c ` b j m l s j ccjj o u ` f j t dd`` r r j , ``cc s u ` c l h l f h ` ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h

hjj
q u d ` r ` p c j f t j r y iiu
u c t ddvv j r c j s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s a u f i d l f ` s h ` c j p ` r s l f

j c d h j h . G ` s ÷ s j f k ` c j i j m o d j r ` c ` i l s d s t ` m j h ` c j k u m j f d h j h p ` r l äc

f ` i ` s d t j h ``cc i l r j z ù f k u m j f l p j r j r ` j c d z j r ` s j t j r ` j . @
@cc i l r j z ù f p s d -

i l c ù b d i l q u ` r ` p r ` s ` f t j ccjj o u ` f j t d ` r r j ` s ``cc q u ` r ` m u ` v ` c j s p d ` h r j ss,,

s l p l r t j c js
js h da d i u c t j h ` s h ` c j v d h j , ` i k j r j í i ` s p r l a u f h j s `f c l s t d ` m -

pls h` jrdh
h`` z , s l c u i d l f j c l s p r l o c ` m j s í f t d m l s y , j s í , i r ` j u f i c d m j

a j v l r j o c ` p j r j a r u i ttdd ad
a d iijj r i l f j o u f h j f i d j .

3 J q u d ä f ` s i l r r ` s p l f h ` c j o u ` f j t d ` r r j < @ c p r l p d l G ` s ÷ s h d ggll q u ` ` s

j c l s q u ` i l m p r ` f h ` f s u p j c j o r j , r ` a c ` x d llf
f j f s l o r ` ` cccc j y p ` r m d t ` f

q u ` k j o dt ` ` f s u s` r. ^ r l i ` h `f i l m l s ` h d ` f t l s j f s d l s l s p l r j b uj ,

i l m l g j h ` j f t ` s h ` s ` l s l s h ` j ddrr `,
` , i l m l f d ú l s k j m o r d ` f t l s h ` c ` iik
k ``..

F l ` s t ê f m l t d v j h l s s l c l p l r ``cc ` f t u s d j s m l h ` c j s o u ` f j s f u ` v j s ,
s d f l p l r cj h d s p l s d i d ù f l o s t d f j h j p l r j p r `f h ` r.

K j y q u ` k j i ` r r ` s j c ttjj r q u ` ` s t ` b r u p l p r d v d cc`` b d j h l f l ` s t ê i l f s t d -

t u d h l p l r c j s p ` r s l f j s m ê s d f t ` c ddbb ` f t ` s , ` r u h d t j s , p u r j s y ä t d i j s . M u -

i k l s m d ` m o r l s h ` ` s ` b r u p l ` r jjf
f p ` r s l f j s i l m p c d i j h j s , t `f íj f s ` -

r dl
dl s h ` a ` i t l s , a r j i j s j r l f d f f u m ` r j o c ` s v ` i ` s p ` r l s u p ` r j r l f s u s i l f -

a cd
c d iitt l ss,, v j c l r j r l f c l q u ` r ` j c m ` f t ` d m p l r t j o j , j o r d ` r l f s u i l r j z ù f j c

v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s y jpcdijrlf su pjcjorj j `ccls m ds m l s .

J cb uf l s, i l m l ^`hrl, au`rlf o jstj f t` c`gls `f s u s `rrlr`s. Ijy`rlf

` f ` c r d h ííii u c l y t u v d ` r l f q u ` s l p l r t j r c j v ` r b ó ` f z j . L t r l s , t u v d ` r l f ` c

v j cl r h ` r ` i l f l i ` r s u s cdm dtj i dl f ` s y `xtrj`r cjs m ê s p r l au f h j s c`i-

idlf`s h` cjs m ês dfilm pr`fsdoc`s a j cccc js

js . Fl t`md`rlf c cl
c l r jr
jr y

r`ilm`fzjr.

Cls gùv`f`s bjcdc`ls `ft`fhd`rlf, j cl cjrbl h` cls m`s`s, qu` fl

`rj s u a di d `f t ` jhmdrjr j G`s÷s. Fl ojstjo j ilf j p cj u h dr c l y

i l f s d h ` r j r c l `c
` c K d g l h ` c H d l s J ct
c t í ssdd m l . @ f t ` f h d ` r l f q u ` j m j r c l y
s ` b u d r c l ` xd
x d bbíí j u f p r ` i d l.
l . @ c m j y l r h ` t l h l s c ls
ls p r ` i d l s i l f s d s t í j ` f

r ` i l f l i ` r s u s p r l p d j s m d s ` r d j s . @ rrjj ` f a r ` f t j r ` c ` b l í s m l , ` c ddf
f h dv
d v d h-
h-

u j c d s m l , ` c l r b u c c l q u ` i l f t j m d f j j h d j rrdd l `c
`c t ` r r ` f l h ` cj ` m l i d ù f .

@ rj
r j j p r ` f h ` r j j m j r d f i l f h d i d l f j c m ` f t ` , j p l f ` r cj
c j l t r j m ` g dc
d c cj
cj y j f l

h ` s d s t d r h ` s í m d s m l f d h ` f j h d `,
` , p l r m ê s a j c cj
cj s q u ` s ` p r l h u g ` r j f .

^ j r j `c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s , c l s s u ` c l s f l ` r j f ` s t ê t d i l s . P f

t d p l h ` s u ` c l p l h r í j t r j f s a l r m j r s ` `f l t r l. G ` s ÷ s u s ù v j r d j s k ` rr--

rjmd`ftjs pjrj ilrr`bdr cls su`cls h` sus hdsiípucls. Jc ijmdfjr ilf

` c cl
c l s , c l s p u s l ` f s d t u j i d l f ` s h ddaa íi
í i d c`
c ` s , ccll s k d z l ` f t r j r ` f i l f t j i t l i l f

` c m d ` h l , cj
c j j m o d i d ù f y c ls
l s i l f a ccdd i t l ss.. C l s ` f t r ` f ù i l f s t j f t ` m ` f t `

p j rj « cjorjr µ ` c j c m j , h ` s m ` f u z j r ccll s t ` r r l f ` s , i l r r ` b d r c j j i d h ` z y

r ` p l f ` r c l s f u t r d`
d ` f t ` s . F j h d ` p l h r í j k j o ` r p r ` v d s t l ``cc r ` s u c t j h l . @ r j

u f j t j r ` j i j s d d m p l s d o c ` . G ` s ÷ s t ` f í j t l h j s c js
j s h ` p ``rr h
h`` r.
r.

H ` f t r l h`
h` c p r d m ` r j ú l , c l s h d s i í p u c l s p r ` s ` f t j r l f r ` j i i d l f ` s j b r ` -

s d v j s y ` b l í s t j s . @f `c s ` b u f h l j ú l , j u f i l m p ` t í j f , h ` s ` j f h l u f l s

s ` r m j y l r ` s q u ` c l s l t r l s . @ f ` c t ` r i ` r j ú l , ` c d f h d v d h u j c d ssm
ml j÷f

t`fíj rj íi`s au`rt`s . Jc adf

fjj c , p l i l j f t ` s h ` c j i r u i ddaa d xxdd ù f , ``cc m d ` h l

s ` b u í j t ` f d ä f h l c l s p r ` s l s . G ` s ÷ s p j r ``ii í j h ` r r l t j h l . ^ ` rrll p ` r s ddss t í j i l -

m l s d a u ` r j u f j r t ` s j f l h ` c j ddf
f t ` c d b`
b ` f iidd j k u m j f j . ¡ I l f a d j o j i d ` b j -
m ` f t ` ` f s u s s ` m d c cj
cj s !

G` s÷ s fl `rj sl cl uf v` f h `h l r h` s u ` ú l s , tjm odäf `rj u f v`fh `h lr

h ` ` s p ` r j f z j . ^ l h í j f ` s i u p d r c ` c j i j r j , j o l a ` t ` j r cl
cl , f ` b j r c l y k j s t j

t r j d i d l f j r c l , p ` r l ä c f l h ` s d s t í j . I r ` í j ` f `c
`c p l t ` f i d j c h ` s u s s ` m d c c j s y

` f c l s s u ` c l s q u ` i u c ttdd v j o j . Y ` r ê a j s i d f j f t ` l o s ` r v j r ccll q u ` s u i ` h d ù .

^ j r j `c
` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j , f d f b ÷ f s u ` c l ` r j d f÷
f ÷ t dc
d c l d f s ``rr v d oc
oc ` . P f j

m`r`trdz plhríj s`r cjpdhjhj y slor`sjcdr mês qu` uf ajrds`l. Pf

r ` i l c ` i t l r h ` d m p u ` s t l s i l r r u p t l y i í f d i l p l h r í j s ` r t r j s a l r m j h l jc

p u f t l h ` d m p c j f t j r ` f s u r ` df l j u f c í h
h`` r ` s p d r d t u jjcc p u r d t j f l y m l r j c -
d s t j . P f p s d i ù p j t j d f k u m j f l y v d l c ` f ttll p l h r í j r ` i j p j i d t j r y v l c v ` r s `

ijpj z h` r ` i ddtt j r p l ` m j s h` j m l r , t ` f ` r s ` f t d m d ` f t l s j c ttrr u d s t j s y

j r r d ` s b j r s ` p j r j j y u h j r j l ttrr l s .

F u f i j f j h d ` i r ` y ù t j f t l ` f ` c s ` r k u m j f l . F u f i j f j h dd`` ` f t ` f h ddùù

t jf tl h ` cl s i j m d f d t l s h ` f u ` s t r j ` m l i d ù f y h ` s ` ù t j f tl i l m l G ` s ÷ s

t r j s a l r m j r ``cc t ` j t r l h ` f u ` s t r j m ` f t ` ` f u f ` s p ` i t ê i u c l h ` s j o d h u r ííjj .

1 | X_JYAL_M JF HL CJ ^ @ _ Y L F J C D H J H !

CJ M@XL HL CLBÍJ T CL Y ^_DFID^JC@Y C J O L _ J X L _ DL Y

 T C@ I I DL F @ Y

@ s i u cp
c p d ` f h l ` c j c m j k u m j f j ` f c j ` s i u ` c j h ` c j v ddh
hj

M ` p j r ` i ` d m p l r t j f t ` h ` h di j r j c b ÷ f t d` m p l p jr j ` x p l f ` r j c b u f l s jrtd-

a d i d l s d f i l f s i d ` f t ` s q u ` i l f h u i ` f j c p r l i ` s l h ` t r j f s a l r m j i d ù f h ` cj

p ` r sl f j cd h jh . Yd f l ` f t ` f h ` m l s ` s ` p r l i ` s l , t ` f h r ` m l s s l c l u f j j h -

m d r j i d ù f s u p ` r a ddii d j c p l r G ` s ÷ s , y ä c f l s ` r ê u f M j ` s t r l D f l c v d hj
hj o c ` j

fu`strls lgls.

C j r ` c j id
i d ù f h ` G ` s ÷ s i l f c l s h d s i í p u c l s t ` f í j u f j i c j r j d f t ` f i dù
d ù f . Äc

sjoíj j hùfh` qu`ríj cc`bjr plr cls ijmdfls h` cj dft`cdb`fidj. Zu`hä

j s l m o r j h l j c ` s t u h d j r s l o r ` c j a l r m j ` f q u ` G ` s ÷ s j i t u j o j ` f cj

p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` s u s s ` b u d h l r ` s . Y d s ` i l m p j r j f i l f s u m j b f í a d ij
ij

p ` h j b l b í j , c j s i d ` f i d j s h ` c j ` h u i j i d ù f ` s t ê f ` f c j ` h j h h ` c j ppdd `h
` h r jj..

G ` s ÷ s p r l o ù q u ` ` f i u j c q u d ` r ä p l i j h ` c j v d h j p l h ` m l s r ` ` h d t j r cj

p`cíiucj h`c dfilfsid`ft` y ijmodjr cls pdcjr`s i`ftrjc`s qu` `strui-

t u rj
r j f ccjj p ` r s l f j c d h j h . Y u m ` t l h l c l b í j d f
fii cu
c u íj
íj i l m p c ` g j s ` x p ` r d ` f i d j s

h ` v d h j , q u ` j q u í c c j m l h ` c j o l r j t l r d l s ` x d s tt`` f i d j c ` s.
s.

I j h j c j o l r j t l r ddll ` r j u f j ` s i u ` c j vvdd vvjj , i r ` j h j ` f u f j m o d ` f t ` r ``jj c ,

`splftêf`l, qu` dfvlcuirjoj j sus hdsiípucls `f cjs mês ilmpc`gjs

idriuf stjfi djs. @c l o g ` t d v l h ` `sj `si u`cj v ddvv j `rj r ` jjcc d zzjj r ` f t r ` -

f j m d ` f t l s ` a di
di d ` f t ` s h l f h ` c l s j r i k d v l s i l f s i d ` f t ` s ` d f i l f s i d ` f t ` s

h ` c j m ` m l r d j s ` ` x p u s d ` s ` f y au ` s ` f tr j f s a l r m j h l s .

K ` h d i k l y r ` p ` t d h l q u ` cj
c j m ` m l r d j k u m j f j f l p u ` h ` o l r r j r s`
s ` . @f

c js
j s i l m p u t j h l r j s ` s a ê iidd c p ` r l f l c l b r j m l s k j i ` r c l m d s m l ` f c j

m ` m l r d j k u m j f j , p u ` s f l i l f l i ` m l s c j ccll i j c dz
dz ji dù f h ` c l s jr ik d v l s

`fa` rm ls fd c j s k ` r r j m d ` f t j s q u ` s ` r ` q u d ` r ` f p j r j o l r r j r ccll s . F l

p l h ` m l s o l r r jr cj o j s u r j , c l s t r j u m j s , c j s a r u s t rj i d l f ` s h `c p j s j h l ,
p l r ` s l , q u ` r ê m l s c l l f l , t ` f ` m l s q u ` i l f v d vvdd r i l f ` cc
cc ls . C j ÷ f
fdd ij
ij

p l s do
d o d ccdd h j h ` s r ` ` h d t j r ` s l s j r i k d v l s , s l o r ` p l f d ` f h l f u ` v j s ` x p ` rrdd -

` f i d j s j cl
cl s a u f h j m ` f t l s j f t d b u l s .

^ ` r l ` s ` ` s u f p r l i ` s l c ` ft l y G ` s ÷ s t ` f íj p c `f j i l f i d ` f i d j h ` ` s l .

@f su dfh`sidarjoc` sjodhuríj, äc ir`ù sdtujidlf`s pjrj qu` sjcd`rjf j cj

cu
uzz i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s ` f a ` r m d z j s q u ` ` s t j o j f ` f c j b r j f p ` r d a ` r ddjj h ` c j

m ` m l r d j , ` f ``cc d f i l f s i d ` f t ` . Y u s c j o l r j t l r d l s ` x d s t ` f i d j c ` s j i ` c ` r j o j f

y k j i í j f m ê s ` a d i d ` f t ` `c p r l i ` s l h ` r ` ` h d i d ù f . H ` m l r ä j ú l s p j r j

` f t ` f h ` r ` s ` m ` i j f d s m l u s j h l p l r `c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` st r l s .

K l r j s j f t ` s h ` s ` r j r r ` s t j h l , j c ccjj v j r c l s p d ` s h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s , ä c

`stjoj o u s i j f h l i l f s i d ` f t ` m ` f t ` r ` ` hd tj r c j s ê r ` j s ` f a ` r m d z j s h `

s u s m ` m l r d j s . Y u s j i t dt u h ` s p r l b r j m j h j s k j i íj f q u ` c j i l m p ` t d i dù f

p r ` h j t l r ddjj y ccjj j r r l b j f i d j a u ` s ` f ` s p l f t ê f ` j m ` f t ` r ` ` s i r d tj
tj s .

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j ` h u i j o j c j ddf
f t ` ccdd b ``f
f i d j jc m d s m l t d ` m p l q u `

t r j tj
t j o j t ` r j p ä u t d i j m ` f t ` c l s t r j u m j s h ` c ls
ls h d s i íp u c l s . Y j o í j c l q u `

q u ` r í j j c i j f z j r ` f c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` ` c c l s y i ù m l c c`
c ` b j r j cc
c c ê.
ê. I r ` l

qu` G`s ÷s au` ``cc mjy lr `h uijhl r h`c mu fhl , d fi cu y `f h l , p llrr

supu`stl, j Ar`uh.
A r `u h p ` f s j o j q u ` j c h ` i c j r j r c d o r ` m ` f t ` c l q u ` c ` v ` f í j j c j i j o ` z j ,

uf pjid`ft` plhríj ijptjr y ilmpr`fh`r cls ilfacditls h`c dfilf-

s i d` f t ` y j s í b` f ` r j r uf j u t l i l f l i d m d ` f t l y s u p ` r j r t r j u m j s y i l f -

a cd
c d i ttll s . D f a ` c d z m ` f t ` , A r ` u h f l t u v l c j l p l r t u f d h j h h ` ` s t u h d j r c l s

p j p ` c ` s h ` cj m ` m l r d j y `c p r l i ` s l h ` i l f s t r u i i d ù f h ` c p ` f s j m d ` f t l .

^ l r ` s l , f l i l m p r ` f h d ù q u ` g j m ê s p l h r í j m l s i l f l i ` r ccjj k d st
s t llrr dj
dj h `

a l r m j p u r j , p u ` s c j k d sstt l r ddjj s d ` m p r ` s ` ` s t ê r ` i l f s t r u y ` f h l .

F l ` x ddss t ` r ` i u ` r h l p u r l h ` c p j s j h l , s d f l u f j r ` i l f s t r u i i d ù f h ` ä c . 5

^ l r q u ä < ^ l r q u ` ` f ``cc m l m ` f t l ` f q u ` r ` i u ` r h l u f j ` x p ` r d ` f i dj
dj
p j s j h j ` s t l y s d ` f h l d f a cu
c u ` f i d j h l p l r u f j s ` r d ` h ` v j r dj
d j o c`
c` s , i l m l m d

` s t j h l ` m l i d l f j c , `c
` c j m o d ` f t ` h l f h ` m ` ` f i u ` f t r l , m d m l t d v j i ddùù f .

@ s j s v j r d j o c ` s ` f t r j f ` f ``cc ` s i ` f j r d l , h j f h l j c p j s j h l i l c l r ` s y s j -

o l r ` s q u ` f l t ` f íj
íj .

^ jr j i l m p r l o j r ` s l , p r` bu ft l7 3 I u ê f t l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s p rl hu gl

u s t ` h h u r j f t ` ccjj s ` m j f j p j s j h j < Y ` b u r j m ` f t ` m d c c j r ` s h ` m d cccc j r ` ss,, ¼

H ` i u ê f t l s s ` j i u ` r h j i l f ` x ji t j p r ` i ds dù f , tj c i l m l a u ` r l f a l r m u -

c j h l s < Xj
X j c v ` z h ` f d f b u f l . ^ ` r l s d y l c ` p d h l q u ` r ` i l f s t r u y j c ls
ls

j m o d ` f t ` s , c j s i d r i u f s t j f i d j s y c jjss p ` r s l f j s i l f q u d ` f ` s i l f v d v d ù ,

p r lh
lh u id rí j m d c ` s h ` f u ` v l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s , j u f q u ` f l ` x j i t j m ` f t `

d b u j c ` s j c l s h ` c j s ` m j f j j f t `r
` r dl
dl r. P s t ` h i r ` ù j c b l f u ` v l j c r ` i l r h j r

su pjsjhl.

@ s ` ` g ` m p c l i l m p r u ` o j i d ` f t ííaa d i j m ` f t ` q u ` c j k d sstt l r d j j r i k d v j h j ``f

f

cj m ` m l r d j ` s u f s l p l r t ` p j r j c j i r ` j t d v d h j h , y f l u f h ` p ù s d t l h `

d f a l r m j i dù f q u` pu`h` s`r jcijfz jhl y r ` p` td hl , il m l `f cj s

ilm pu tjhl rjs. ^ ru`oj tjmodäf q u ` f l `x ds t` r ` i u ` r h l p u r l, s d f l

r ` i l f s t r u i i d ù f h`
h ` c p j s j h l i l f m d i r l l m j i r l h d a ` r ` f i dj
dj s . H ` m u ` s t r j

tjmodäf qu` cjs pru`ojs `silcjr`s qu` `sp`rjf lot`f`r r`p`tdidùf h`

dfalrmjidlf`s `stêf `qudvlijhjs. Zu`r`mls qu` fu`strls jcumfls

r ` pd
p d t j f d f a l r m j i d l f ` s , p ` r l c j m ` m l r d j h ` ` c c l s i c j m j p j r j q u ` iirr íí`` f

fu`v js dh
h`` j s .

M u i k l s p d ` f s jf q u ` ` s tê f r ` i l rh j f h l `c p j s j h l ` f cl s i l f s u c -

t l r d l s h ` p s d i l c l b í j , p ` r l m u i k j s v ` i ` s ` s t ê f r ` i l r h j f h l `c
`c p j s j h l

h ` s a d b u r j h l p l r ` c p r ` s ` f t ` . @c l o g ` t d v l m ê x d m l h ` c t r j t j m d ` f t l p s d -

i l c ù b d i l ` s r ` ` h d t j r c j k d s t l r ddjj p j s j h j y r ` s i j t j r ``cc c d h ` r j z b l h
h`` c « T l µ

. @c « Tl µ t d ` f ` q u ` s ` r ` c q u ` b l o d ` r f j c ls
ls p ` f s j m d ` f t l s y j h m d f -

d s tr
t r j c j s ` m l i d l f ` s . I j s l i l f t r j rrdd l , s d ` m p r ` s ` r ê v í i t ddm
mj h ` sus
mds`rdjs psíqudijs.

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s f l q u ` r í j q u ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s a u ` rrjj f

m ` r l s r ` p ` t d h l r `s h ` r ` b c js m l r j c ` s y ä t d i j s. Y u p c j f `r j m ê s p r l -

a u f h l . H ` s ` j o j q u ` r ` ` s i r d o d ` r j f s u p r l p d j k d s t l r ddjj , j p r ` f h d ` r j f j

p ` f s j r j f t ` s h ` r ` j i i d l f j r , r l m p d ` r j f c j p r d s d ù f d f t ` r ddll r y s ` v l c v dd`` r j f

c ííh
h ` r `s
` s h ` ` c ccll s m d s m l s . Y l c l j s í s ` r í j f i j p j i ` s h ` j m j r ` c ` s p ` i -

t ê i u c l h ` c j v d h j y t ` f ` r c ddoo r ` j ccoo ` h r ííll .

@ c b r j f p r l o c ` m j ` s s j o ` r i ù m l r ` ` h d ttjj r c j p ` ccíí i u ccjj h

h`` c p j s j h l , i ù -

m l s l o r ` p l f ` r f u ` v j s d m ê b ` f ` s j c j s d m ê b ` f ` s j f t d b u j s . ^ jjrr j r ` ` h -

dtjr `c p j s j h l f ` i ` s d t j m l s r ` ` h
hdd t j r c l s j r i k d v l s q u ` s ` ` f t r ` c j z j f ` f

c j t ` c j h ` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` . « I ù m l r ` ` h d t j r c l s , s d j p j r ` i ` f s l c l ` f c ls
ls

m l m ` f t l s h ` ` s t r ä s < _ j r j m ` f t ` u f j i r ddss d s h ` p ê f d i l l i u r r ` ` f u f j

ilf suctj t`rj päu tdij, cl q u` hdadiu

ucc ttjj jjcc p s d q u d j t r j l jc p s d i ù c l b l

` f t ` f h ` r c j h d m ` f s d ù f h ` c j i r ddss d s h ` c p j i d ` f t ` y p r l v ` ` r k ` r r j m d ` f t j s

p j rj
r j q u ` p u ` h j s u p ` r j r s u i l f a ccdd iitt l .

Ydbud`fhl `c m dsm l p r ddf

f i dp dl , uf psdiùpjtj p u`h ` t` f ` r u
uff

i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s ` r ` f l `f h ` t ` r m d f j h j s s d t uj i d lf ` s , i l f j cb ÷ f b r j -

h l h ` c u i ddh
h ` z , p ` r l `f s d t u j i d l f ` s ` s t r ` s j f t ` s j o r ` i d ` r t j s v ` f t j f j s
h ` cj
cj m ` m l r d j y m u ` s t r j s u c j h l v d l c ` f t l . « I ù m l j i t u j r ` f ` s j s m j c -

c j s l i u c t j s < M u i k l s p s d q u ddjj t r j s i r ` ` f q u ` c ls
ls p s d i ù p j t j s s l f d fi u r-

j o c ` s . Tl
Tl i r ` l q u ` p j r j ` c c l s k j y ` s p ` r j f z j . Cj t r j s a l r m j i d ù f h ` c j

p ` r s l f j cd h j h h ` c jp ù s t l c ^ j o cl ` s u f ` g ` m p c l h ` i ù m l u f j p ` r s l f j

j b r ` s d v j p u ` h ` s ` r t r j s a l r m j h j ` f u f p l ` t j h ` c j m l r . D f a ` c ddzz m ` f t ` , c j

m j y l r í j h ` c js
j s p ` r s l f j s c c ` vvjj f s u s i l f a c d i t l s i l f ` cccc l s j ccjj t u m o j . Y `

k j o dt
d t ÷ j f j s ` r j b r ` s d v j s , a ù o d i j s y j f s d l s j s p l r t l h j c j vvdd h
hjj .

G ` s ÷ s t `f íj c j s m d s m j s h d adi u ct j h ` s p j r j ` f t r j r ` f cj r`h h ` c d f i l f -

s i d ` f t` h ` s u s h d s i íp u c l s . J p ` s j r h ` p j r ` i ` r ê f b ` c ` s d f l a ` f s d v l s ` f
h ` t ` r m d f j h j s s d t u j i d l f ` s , ` c M j ` s t r l s j o í j q u ` ` f c l í f t d m l h ` cj
cj

p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` ` cc
c c l s k j o í j b r j v ` s i l f a c ddii t l s . Z u ` t r j s c j i l r t d f j h `

c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s h ` s u s g ù v ` f ` s s ` b u d h l r ` s , k j o í j u f j j b r ` s dv
dv d h j h

`xpclsdvj y ufj dmpucsdvdhjh dfilftrlcjoc`.

^ l r ` s l , u s j f h l u f j d f tt`` c d b ``f
f i d j d f ir
i r ` ío
ío c ` , i r ` ù d f f u m ` r j o c ` s s d t u j -

i d l f ` s p j r j q u ` c l s j r i k d v l s ` f a ` r m l s s j c d ` r j f j cj
c j c uz
uz p j r j s ` r s u p ` r -

j h l s . @ f c l s p r d m ` r l s j ú l s q u ` i l m ` f i ä j j f j cd
c d z j r c j ddf
f t ` cd
c d b ``f
f i dj h `

G ` s ÷ s , f l ` f t ` f h í j p l r q u ä u f j p ` r s l f j t j f s j o d j s ` d f v l c u i r j o j `f

t j f t l s p r l o c ` m j s . Y d k u o d ` s ` q u ` r d h l , c l s k j o r í j p l h d h l ` v d tj r i l f jc-

bl h` p`rspdijidj.

@c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s f l ` s t j o j d f t ` r ` s j h l s l c l ` f q u ` c l s

h d s i í p u c l s r ` s i j t j r j f ``cc p j s j h l s l m o r í l , p u ` s s j o í j q u ` ` s t ` r ` s i j t `

` s a r ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` h d s t l r s d l f j h l . H ` s ` j o j q u ` r ` ` h dt
dt jr j f ` c p j s j h l .

I l f l i ` r cj b r j f h d l s d h j h h ` c p ` r h ù f , s u p ` r j r `c s ` f t d m d ` f t l h ` i uc pj ,

i uc td vj r u f j m l r a r j t` r f l ` rj f d f s t r u m ` f t l s p r ` i d l s l s p j r j ` s t j r ` ` h -

d i dù
dù f
f.. Q j m l s j ` x j m d f j r j c b u f l s j m o d ` f t ` s h r j m ê t d i l s u s j h l s p lr
lr

G ` s ÷ s p j r j t r j o j g j r ` f cl í f t d m l h ` c j c m j h ` cl s h d si íp u c l s.

J r r d` s b ê f h l s ` p j r j s j cv j r j u f j m ` r ` t r dz

@ f c js
js s d t u j i d l f ` s h d j r d j s , c l s h d s i í p u c l s ` r j f c c ` v j h l s j t r j t j r i l f

s u s p r l p d l s tr j s t l r f l s p s í q u d i l s . I j h j i c d m j i r ` j h l ` f cj ` s i u ` c j h`

cj v d h j h j o j l r d b ` f j u f j s l i d l t ` r j p d j q u ` t r j t j o j i l f ` c ` b l í s m l , cj

d f t l c`
c ` r j f i d j y c j r j h d i j c d h j h h ` ` cccc l s . H ` s p u ä s , G ` s ÷ s i l f i c u í j i l f u f j

p s d i l t ` r j p dj h ` b r u p l l d f h
hdd vd
vd h
huu j c ` f c j q u ` ttrr j t j o j i l f s u s i l f a c ddii t l s

í f t d m l s . @f ` s l s m l m ` f t l s , k j o c j o j h d r ` i t j m ` f t ` jc i l r j z ù f h ` c l s

h d s i í p u c l s i l f p j c j o r j s s ` f i d cccc j s , h d r ` i t j s ` d m p j i t j f t ` s .

I d ` rt
r t j v ` z , ``cc M j ` s t r l s ` ` f a r ` f t ù jjcc r d ` s b l h ` m l r d r p l r i j u s j h `
u f j m u g ` r j h ÷ c t ` r j . C l s a j r d s ` l s q u ` r í j f q u ` c ` s h d g`
g ` r j ssdd j p ` h r ` j o j f

l c d o ` r t j o j f j ccjj m u g ` r s l r p r ` f h d h j ` f j h u c t`
t ` r ddll . @ f ` c p r d m ` r m l -

m ` f t l ääcc f l i l f t ` s t ù . @c i c d m j s ` p u s l ` x t r ` m j h j m ` f t ` t ` f s l y j m ` -

f j z j h lr
l r . H ` ` s t j m j f ` r j , ääcc ` x p u s l ` c m d ` h l , ccjj d f s ` b u r d h j h y c j

h d s i r dm d f j i d ù f f l s l c l h ` c l s aj r d s ` l s , s df l t j m o d ä f h` c ls
ls h d s -

i í p u c l s . d ^ l r q u ä < ^ l r q u ` ` c ccll s k u o d ` r j f j p ` h r ` j h l j c j m u gg`` r .

@ f uf
u f s ` b u f h l m l m ` f t l , G ` s ÷ s d f tt`` r vvdd f l c c ` v j f h l j c ls
ls a j r d s ` l s j

p ` f s j r ` f s u p r l p d j ` f a ` r m ` h j h y p r l t ` b d ` f h l j c j m u g `r . Jc v ` r c j ` s -

i ` f j , q u ` h j r l f ` s p j f t j h l s p l r `c k ` i k l h ` q u ` G ` s ÷ s ` s t u v l h d s-

p u ` s t l j j r r d` s b j rs ` p l r u f j h ` s i l f l i d h j , i l f s d h ` r j h j « ` s i l rd j µ h`

cj s l i d ` h j h .

@ rj
r j m u i k l m ê s a ê i ddcc h ` i d r q u ` c j j p ` h r ` j r j f , i u m p c d ` f h l i l f c j cc``y,

p ` r l s d k j i íj ` s l , G ` s ÷ s k j o rí j h j h l m u ` r t ` j s u j m l r y j s u p r l y ` it l

h ` v d h j . H ` m l h l q u ` p r l t ` b d ù j c j j h ÷ cctt ` r j i l f ` c ` s i u h l h ` s u p r l -

p d l s `r
` r . C l s h d s i í p u c l s ` f t ` f h d ` r l f , j s íí,, q u ` t j m o d ä f ` r j f h d s iirr d m 

d f j h l r ` s y s ` h d ` r l f i u ` f t j h ` s u s c d m d t j i ddll f ` s , s u s j f s d ` h j h ` s y ccll

h d a í i ddcc q u ` c ` s r ` s u c t j o j r j z l f j r ` f s d t u j i d l f ` s ` s t r ` s j f t ` s .

H ` s p u ä s h ` ` s j ` x p ` r dd`` f i d j , i r ` ù ` f c j d f t ddm
mdhjh h` cls hdsiípucl s
u f j m o d ` f t ` p s í q u d i l a j v l r j o c ` p j r j q u ` t u v d ` r j c u b j r c j m ê s ` a ddii j z

p s d i l t` r j p d j. J k l r j , cj s p j cj o r j s h ` G ` s ÷ s « J m j j t ÷ p r ù g d m l i l m l j

td m d s m l µ , t `f í jf l t r l s j ol r . K j o í j f p ` f ` t r j h l ` f cl s s u ` c l s d f i l f -

s i d ` f t ` s h ` s u s m ` m l r d j s r ` ` h ddtt j f h l j c b u f l s t r j u m j s y i l f a c di
di tl s . @ s

p l s d o c ` q u ` ` c c ls
ls , j tù f dt l s, kj y jf p ` f s j h l 7 « ¡ Z u ä c dm d t jh l s s l m l s ! «

Z u ä j m l r ` s ä s ` q u ` s ` ` ft r ` b j k j s tj c j s ÷ ct dm j s i l f s ` i u ` f i d j s < µ

@s dmplrtjft` r`sjctjr qu` `c trjtjmd`ftl `rj mdfdstrjhl plr `c

M j ` s t r l h ` c ls M j ` s t r l s i l f u f j m l r d f
f`` xxpp cd
c d ij
i j oocc `.
`.

Ä c ` f t r ` f j o j j s u s h d s i í p u c l s p j r j t r j s a l r m j r p dd`` h r j s ` f h d j m j f t ` s .
Jc
Jc j f h j r i l f G ` s ÷ s , c l s d f s ` f s d o c ` s s ` j p j s d l f j o j f p l r c j v d h j , c l s

j b r ` s d v l s i j c m j o j f cj t u r o uc ` f id j h ` s u s ` m l i d l f ` s y c l s d f h l i tl s s `

v l cv íj f d f b ` f d ` r l s h ` d h ` j s . F l ` r j u f j t j r ` j aêi dc. H d j r d j m ` f t ` cls

h d s i í p u c l s i r ` j o j f p r l o c ` m j s . @ c M j ` s t r l h ` c J m l r , s d ` m p r ` h ù iidd c ,

` s i u i k j o j s u s j o s u r h l s yy,, p j i d ` f t ` m ` f t ` , t r j o j g j o j ` f c l s v j i í l s h `

s u s j c m j s t l s i j s . Ä c i r ` í j ` f ``cc s ` r k u m j f l , p l r m ê s q u ` ` s t ` ccll

h ` i ` p i d l f j r j . G ` s u i r d s t l a u ` u f ` s i u c t l r h ` cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h .

Y ` b u r j m ` f t ` j u s t ` h cc`` b u s t j r í j r ` c j i ddll f j r s ` i l f p ` r s l f j s s ` r ` f j s

y q u ` cl v j cl r ` f p l r s u s i j c d h j h ` s 5 t ` f ` r k dg l s q u ` r ` i c j m ` f m ` f l s y

s ` j f m ` f l s j b r` s dv l s 5 j cu m f l s m ` f l s j f s d l s l s l ` s q u d v l s y q u `

jm `f j r h d ` f t` m ` f t ` `c s jo `r . T il m pj ú` rls h` t r j o j gl
gl m `fl s

i l m p ` t d t dv l s , m ê s a r j f i l s y ä t di l s . ^ ` r l f l s ` l c v dh ` h ` q u ` m u i k l s

d f t ` c`
c ` i t u j c ` s y k l m o r ` s q u ` o r ddcc cj
c j r llf
f ` f c j s l i d ` h j h a u ` r l f , ` f `c
`c

p j s j h l , p ` r s l f j s i l m p c di j h j s.

d ^lr qu ä au` qu ` c c`
c` b jr l f j s`r p` rsl fj s o r dc
d c cj
c j f tt`` s < « Iùml

v`f id`r lf s u s p r l o c` m j s < ^ l r q u ` jcb ud`f s ` l i u p ù h ` `ccjs. C j s p`r-

s l f j s q u ` m ê s c ` t r j ` f p r l o c ` m j s k l y p u ` h ` f c c`
c ` b jjrr j s ` r c j s q u `

m ê s j c ` b r í j s c ` s h ` f ` f ``cc a u t u r l . I r ` j ` f ` c c j ss,, i j u t í v ` c j s , s l r p r ä f -
h j c j s . ^ c j f t ` s ` m d c c j s y ` s p ` r ` q u ` p j s ` f c l s j ú l s . @ s j ` s c j ÷ f di
di j

j p cd i ji d ù f h l f h ` g j m ê s s ` p d` r h
h`` , s d ` m p r ` s ` b j f j . Y d c j s p ` r s l f j s j

q u d ` f ` s u s t ` h j y u h ù f l b j f j r ` f , i d ` r t j m ` f t ` u s t ``h
h bjfjrê. 3 Z uä bj -

f j r ê < @ x p ` r d ` f id
i d j , p j z d f tt`` r dl
dl r y i l f i d ` f i d j h ` q u ` k d z l c l m ` g l r p l s d -

oc`.

@c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j h ` h d i ù s u ` f ` r b í j ` d f t ` c d b ` f i d j j p ` r s l f j s

i l m p c d i j h í s d m j s p j r j h ` m l s t r j r q u ` p j r j t l h l s k jy ` s p ` r j f z j . P s t` h

y yl t ` f ` m l s ` s p ` r j f z j h ` s ` r i j p j i ` s h ` tr j s al r m j r cls p r l o c` m j s

d f tl
tl i j o c` s h ` f u ` s t r j p ` r s l f j cd h j h . Y l c l G u h j s p ` f s ù q u ` s u p r l o -
c ` m j f l t ` f í j s l c u i d ù f , j u f q u ` j c pr d fi d pd l k u o d ` s ` s d h l ` c m ` g l r . I l -

m l v ` r ` m l s , G ` s ÷ s f u f i j c l j o j f h l f ù s d f l q u ` a u ` ääcc q u d ` f s ` j u t l

jojfhlfù.

Q j m l s j jfjcdzjr j cb u f l s h ` cls prdfidpjc`s `f tr`f j m d`f tl s m df -

d s t r j h l s p l r G ` s ÷ s . @ s ttjj f j m p c d l q u ` s ` r í jjf
f f ` i ` s j r d l s j c b u f l s c do rl s

p j rj
rj ` x p l f ` r ` s t ` t` m j , p ` r l k j o c jr ä s l c j m ` f t ` h ` j c b u f l s p u f t l s .

@f i j h j ` f t r ` f j m d `f t l , v ` r ` m l s s u m ` t l h l c l b í j , j c b u f j s h ` c js m ê s

d m p l r t j f t ` s c ` i i d l f ` s h ` v ddh
hj.

@ftr`fêfhlcls pjrj q u` au `r j f ` c`
c ` s j s u p r l p d j i l f s i d`
d` f i dj
dj

Id`rtj v`z, G`s÷s ilftù ufj kdstlrdj qu` p`rturoù j sus ly`ft`s,

r l m p d ` f h l p j r j s d ` m p r ` j c b u f l s p j r j h d b m j s r ` c d b d l s l ss.. H d g l q u ` u f

a j r ds ` l l r j o j h ` a l r m j ` c l i u` f t ` . Z u ` ` f s u l r j i dù f h j o j b r j i d j s j

H d l s p l r s u d f t ` b r ddh
h j h, q u ` j y u f j o j , l a r ` f h j o j y l r j o j a r ` i u ` f t ` -

m ` f t `. K j o íj t j m o d ä f u f p l o r ` h ` s h d i k j h l q u ` j p ` f j s i l f s ` b u í j

kjocjr il f Hdls.

@ c ` v j o j s u s l g l s j c iidd ` c ll,, s ` b l c p ` j o j ` c p ` i k l y p ` h í j m d s ` r ddii l r h d j .

^ r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` , f l h j o j l a r ` f h j s ` f `c t ` m p c l , f l l r j o j i l f a r ` -
i u ` f i d j y f l t ` f í j u f i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l ä ttdd il
i l . Y ` s ` f t í j u f m d s ` r j o cc``

h ` c j f t ` h ` H d llss .

¼Iuêc h` `sjs hls lrjidlf`s au` ji`ptjhj plr Hdls< Yd s` kdid`rj

u f j ` f i u ` s t j ` f t r ` t l h l s c llss r ` c d b d l s l s h ``cc m u f h l , p r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` ``cc

ajrds`l bjfjríj ilf v`ftjgj. ^`rl, pjrj slrpr`sj h` cls ly`ft`s, G`s÷s

hdgl qu` cj lrjidùf h`c ajrds`l fl au` líhj, qu` fl jcijfzù `c ilrjzùf

h `c
`c I r `j h l r . ¼ ^lr qu ä< ^lrqu` ääcc lrj oj pjrj sí m dsm l, jutl

` x j c t ê f h l s ` . F l o u s i j o j j H d l s ``f
f c l ííf
f t dm l h ` s u s `r . Y ` b ÷ f G ` s ÷ s ,

H d l s m d r j o u s i j f h l j c b l q u ` f l s ` v ` ` x t` r f j m ` f t ` 7 cj il f s i d ` f i d j,
cj v`rhjh`rj dft`fidùf.

@ c a j r d s ` l s ` i l f s d h ` r j o j u f b r j f k l m o r ` h ` H d l s p l r s u ä t di
di j

m l r j c y r ` ccdd b dl
dl s j . ^ ` r l f l j f j c d z j o j s u s p r l p d l s ` r r l r ` s , f l t ` f í j i l f -

id`fidj h` qu` `c ilrjzùf qu` cjt`, `c jdr` qu` r`spdrj, cj m`ft` qu`

p d ` f s j s l f h ê h d v j s h d v d f j s . J c l s l g l s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s , ccll

q u ` d m p l r t j j H d l s ` s ccjj i l f s i d ` f i d j .

@ c m d s ` r j o c ` q u ` f l c l b r j o j s d qqu
u d ` rj p r l h u i d r u f j l r j i d ù f c ù b d i j y

h d b f j t l i ù `c
` c i l r j z ù f h ` H d l s.
s. F l c l b r ù k j i ` r uf b r j f h d s i u r s l

plrqu` `rj ilfsid`ft` h` su p`qu`f`z, h` su arjbdcdhjh y h` cj

b r j f h ` z j h ` c I r` j h lr . F l h ` s ` l j q u í ` f tr j r ` f t ` m j s h ` c j a `, s d f l

m l s t r j r u f l h ` c ls
ls m ê s i l m p c ` g l s ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l s h ` G` s ÷ s . Äc ` f -

t r ` f ù j s u s h d s i í p u c l s j s ` r aadd `c
`c `s j s u p r l p dj i l f s i d ` f i d j .

F j h j v j c ` h d s ar
a r j z j r , h d s d m u c j r y t ` j t r j c ddzz j r i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s . F l ` s

cj i j f t d h j h h ` ` r r l r ` s q u ` h ` t ` r m d f j f c j b r j f h ` z j h ` u f h d s i í p u c l

sdfl su ijpjidhjh `f r`ilfli`rcls. Pf j p` rslfj pu `h` t`f`r m

mdd c

h ` a ` i t l s , p ` r l , s d t d ` f ` ``cc v j c l r h ` j h m d t d r cl
cl s , ` s t j r íj j o r d ` f h l i j m d f l

p j r j s ` r s j f j h j . @ c m d s m l p r d f i ddpp d l l i u r r ` ` f c j p s d q u d j t r í j y ` f c j

p s di l cl b íj m l h ` r f j . F j h j p l h ` m l s k j i ` r p l r u f j p ` r s l f j q u ` s`
l i u ct
c t j h ` f t r l h ` s í m d s m j , ` x i ` p t l sd
sd ` s u f j p s d i ù t d i j . Q d v d m l s ` f s l -

id`hjh` s qu ` jm jf c ls
ls h d sa r j i ` s y c j s m ê s i j r j s s l i d j c `s . C j s p ` r -

s l f j s s l f r í ` f j u f q u ` ` s t ä f h ` s t r u d h j s p l r ccjj t r d s t ` zzjj 5 m j f t d ` f ` f c j s

j p j r d ` f i d j s 5 p j r j c ls
ls h ` j a u ` r j , s l f ä t d i l s 5 p j r j c l s m d ` m o r l s h ` cj a j -

m dc
d c ddjj , s l f v ` r h u b l s . @ c s d s t ` m j ppll c ít
í t d iill s d m p c ` m ` f t ` f l p l h r í j s l o r ` -

vd
v d v d r s d f m j s i j r d c c j s , h d s a r j i ` s y m ` f t d r j s . I d ` r t j v ` z , ` c M j ` s t r l h ` cj

Qdhj irdtdiù j cls cíh`r`s r`cdbdlsls, ilm pjrêf hlcls j s`pucirls

o c j f q u ` j h l s . ^ l r a u ` r j ` s t j o j f m u y o d ` f p d f tj h l s , p ` rl p l r h `f t r l

` s t j o j f p l h r d h l s . A u ` u f j i l m p j r j i d ù f m u y v j ccdd ` f t ``,, p ` r l s d f ii`` r j .

M u i k l s a j r d s ` l s m j f t ` f í j f u f i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l r ` c d b ddll s l ` g ` m p ccjj r ,

p ` r l , ` f l i u c t l , l h d j o j f j c p u f t l h ` m j t jjrr .

@ f ` c Y ` r m ù f h ` c M l f t ` G ` s ÷ s h d g l q u ` f l ` r j s u a di
d i d ` f t ` f l m j t jjrr ,

s d f l q u ` ` r j f ` i ` s j r d l f l j d r j r ss`` . I l f ` s l q u ` r í j h ` i d r q u ` p l h ` m l s

f l m j t j r a í s d i j m ` f t ` , p ` r l q u ` p l h ` m l s m j t j r d f t ` r ddll r m ` f t ` . M u -

i k l s m j t j f ` m l i d l f j c m ` f t ` j s u s i l m p j ú ` r l s h ` t rrjj o j gl
gl , j s u s j m d -

b l s yy,, j v ` i ` s , k j s t j j ccjj s p ` r s l f j s q u ` m ê s j m j f , i u j f h l ` s t j s c l s

h`i`pidlfjf.

G ` s ÷ s j i ` p tj o j t l h l s cls h ` a` i tl s h ` s u s h dsi íp u cl s, p`rl f l j h -

m dt
d t íj
í j q u ` f l a u ` r j f t r j f s p j r ` f t ` s . @ c ÷ f d i l q u ` f l j p r ` f h d ù ` s j c `i
`i -

i d ù f a u ` G u h j s . G ` s ÷ s c `s
`s ` f s ` ú ù j s ` r j u t ä f t d i l s ` f i u j c q u d `r j i d r i u f -

s t j f i d j . T h d l ` g ` m p c l s . Äc h ` i í j j o d ` r t j m ` f t ` c l q u ` p ` f s j o j . Y j o í j

q u ` p l h r í j f j r r ` s t j r ccll ` d f i c u s l h j r cc`` m u ` r t ` , p ` r l f l s ` i j c c j o j ,

j u f q u ` `c i c d m j a u ` r j t ` f s l .

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s ` r j d f ttrr ä p d h ll,, f l s ` i j c ccjj o j . ^ ` r l s u

k j o c j r f l ` rrjj j b r ` s d v l . @ x p l f í j s u s d h ` j s i l f t r j f q u d c d h j h y s ` b u r d -

h j h . J cj
c j s p ` r s l f j s c j s q u ` r ííjj i l f q u d s t j r y f l h ` s ttrr u d r.
r. M u i k j s v ` i ` s

f l s ` f i l f t r j m l s i l f p ` r s l f j s q u ` h d i `f s ` r k l f ` s tj s , q u ` s d` m p r `
k j o cj
c j f c l q u ` p d ` f s j f . ^ ` rrll , ` f r ` j ccdd h j h , s l f h ` s i l f t r l c j h j s , v d l -

c ` f t j s , d m p u c s d v j s , j u t l r d t jjrr d j s . @ f c u b j r h ` i l f q u d s t j r j c jjss p ` r s l f j s ,

cj s p d ` rh ` f . G ` s ÷ s i l m u f d i j o j s ` r ` f d h j h . @ f j c b u f j s s d t u j i dl f ` s ,

p u h d ` f h l k j oocc jr
j r , p r ` a ` r í j b u j r h j r s d cc`` f i d l . K j o c j o j s ù c l i u j f h l ` r j

` s t r d i t j m ` f t ` f ` i ` s j r dl .

K j y p ` r s l f j s q u ` j m j f k j o cj r ` x t ` f s j m ` f t ` h `c m u f h l `xt`rdlr,

p ` r l i j cccc j f iujf hl s` t r j ttjj h` sus p`fsj md`f tls m ês í f t dm

d m l ss..

J cu m f l s t ` m ` f il f trj rdj r j s u s p r l a` s l r ` s . M d ` m o r l s h ` dbc`sdjs

l i u c t jf sus hdv`rb`fidjs ilf su s c í h ` r ` s r ` c ddbb d l s l s . A u f i d l f j r dl

dl s
t ` m ` f p r l p l f ` r f u ` v j s d h ` j s j s u s g ` a ` s l j c l s ` g ` i u t ddvv l s h ` s u s

` m p r ` s j s . M u i k l s g ù v ` f ` s i j t ` h r ê t d i l s ` v dt
d t jf
jf i l f a r l f t j r j s u s s u p ` -

r ddll r ` s . @ s t j s p ` r s l f j s s ` s d ` f t ` f j t r j p j h j s p l r ` c s d s t ` m j y v ddvv ` f

` s t r ` s j h j s . M ` f t ` s o r d cc
c c jf
j f t ` s s l f s l a l i j h j s , p ` r p ` t u j f h l i l f aacc d i t l s

q u ` r j r j m ` f t ` s l f r ` ` hd tj h l s.

F l p l h ` m l s h ` g j r f l s i l f t r l c j r p l r ccll q u ` c l s h ` m ê s p d ` f s ` f y

k j o c`
c ` f h ` f l s l t r l s . Y ` r i l m ` h d h l s s í,
í, p ` r l l i u c t j r f l s , f u f i j . @
@cc

k l m o r ` q u ` ` s dfad`c j s u p r l p d j i l f s i d ` f i d j g j m ê s p j b j r ê cj h ` u h j

` f i l f t r j h` s í m d s m l .

C l s h d s i í p u c l s h ` G ` s ÷ s t ` f í j f c do
do `r tj h p j r j k j o c j r i l f äc y ` x p r ` s j r

s u s h u h j s . Y ` c l s ` f t r ` f ù p j r j q u ` a u ` r j f a d`
d ` c`
c` s j s u p r l p d j i l f -

s i d` f i d j , p j r j q u ` a u `r j f s ` f i d cc l s i l m l c j s p j c l m j s y p r u h ` f t ` s i l -

m l c j s s ` r p d ` f t ` s ( M j t ` l : > . : 1 ) . H ` o íj
íj f s j o ` r q u ä k j o cj r y i ù m l

k jo
j o ccjj r,
r , p ` r l g j m ê s i jc
j c cj
c j r,
r , fd
fd h ` c j f t ` h ` r`y`s. H `oíjf jp r`f h` r j

k j o c jr
j r iill f s ` b u r d h j h y s ` f s d o d c dh
dh j h , i l f l s j h í j y s j o d h u r íj . H ` f j h j

c `s
`s k j o r í j s`rvdhl ilfq udstjr `c m u fh l sd
sd fl ilf quds tjojf sus

prlpdjs ilfid`fidjs.

@ f t r ` f ê f h l c l s ` f l r j t l rrdd j y i l m u f d i j i ddù
ùf

@c ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s c c ` v j h l j i j o l p l r G ` s ÷ s i l m -

p r ` f h í j m u i k j s ê r ` j s , d f i c u y ` f h l c j i l m u f d i j i d ù f y c j l r j tl
t l r d j . Äc

q u ` r í j q u ` j p r ` f h d ` r j f j k j o c j r h ` a l r m j v d o r jf t ` 7 p l r ` s l , s u pcjf

` r j j s í,
í , v d o r j f t ` . Z u ` r í j q u ` j p r ` f h d ` r j f j k j o c j r jjcc i l r j z ù f h ` c js
js

p ` r s l f j s , p u ` s s u p r l y ` i t l ` r j d m p r ` b f j r ``cc m ` f s j g ` i l f j a ` i t l . CCll s

h d s i í p u c l s t ` f í j f p l i l s r ` i u r s l s c d f b ó ííss t d i l s , y i ù m l h d v u c b j r ` c p c jjf
f

h ` G ` s ÷ s , s u j m l r y s u m d s d ù f f l h ` p ` f h í j f h ` c j p r ` s d ù f s l i d j cc,, h `

j r m j s l h ` c j v d l c ` f i d j , ccjj ÷ f d i j k ` r r j m d ` f t j ` r j f c j s p j c j o r j s .
 Y d cl
cl s h d s i í p u c l s f l s ` t r j f s a l r m j o j f ` f ` x i ` c ` f t ` s l r j h l r ` s , f l

i l f v ` f i ` r í j f j c m u f h l h ` q u ` ` c i j r p d f t ` r l q u ` k j o í j m u ` r t l ` f cj

i r u z ` r j ``cc K d g l h ``cc H d l s J c t í s d m l . 3 I ù m l ` f s ` ú j r j ` s l s k l m o r ` s j

k j o cj
c j r i l f c j s m u c t d t u h ` s , s d j p ` f j s p l h í j f l r b j f d z j r ccjj s d h ` j s h ` -

cj f
ftt ` h ` s u s ` f ` m d b l s < J u f q u ` G ` s ÷ s t ` f í j b r j f h ` s p l s d o d c d h j h ` s h `

a r j i js
j s j r , l a r ` i d ù j c l s h d s i í p u c l s m j b f í a d i j s i c j s ` s h ` l r j t l r ddjj s d f q u `

`ccls s` hd`rjf iu`ftj.

C j i j p j i d h j h h ` i l m u f d i j i d ù f h ` G ` s ÷ s h ` g j o j j t l h l s s u s l y ` f t` s

a j s i d f j h l s , t j f t l p l r ``cc i l f t ` f d h l h ` s u s h d s i u r s l s i l m l p l r ccjj a l r -

m j h` `x plf` rcls. Ä
Äcc k j o ííjj u f d h l h l s k ` r r j m d ` f t j s h d a íi
í i d c `s
`s h ` i l f -

i d cd
c d j r ` f c j l r j t l r d j 7 c j i l f v d i i d ù f y ccjj s ` f s d o d c d h j h .

Y u v l z ` r j s ` b u r j y s u j v ` y p ` f ` t rj o j ` f c ls i j m d f l s h ` c j ` m l i d ù f

h ` s u s l y ` f t ` s . K j o c j o j i l f c l s l g l s y i l f b ` s t l s . 3 I ù m l c c`
c` b u ä j

` s j i l f i c u s d ù f < ^ l r ccjj s r ` j i i d l f ` s h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s , k j s t j h ` c l s q u `

`rjf su s lplsdtlr`s.

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c llss M j ` s t r l s a u ` u f ` x i ` c ` f t ` i l m u f d i j h l r h ` m u c t d -

t u h ` s . C l s l r j h l r ` s h ` c j j i t u j ccdd h j h u s j f r ` i u r s l s s l a d s t d i j h l s h `

muctdm`hdj. Jcbuf ls ilf a`r`fi djft`s fl c l bbrr j f h`sjrrlccjr cj

dft`cdb`fidj sdf `c juxdcdl h` ufj ilmputjhlrj pjrj jfdmjr su `xplsd-

i dù f. C j s p ` r s l f j s h ` p ` f h ` f i j h j v ` z m ê s h ` r ` i u r s l s ` x t` r f l s pj rj

` x p l f ` r s u s d h ` j s.
s.

G ` s ÷ s f l u s j o j f d f b u f l h ` ` s t l s r ` i u r s l s p ` r l s u s h d s i u r s l s y su

h d h ê i t d i j m j b f ` t d z j o j f j c j s m u c t d t u h ` s . @ rrjj i j p j z h ` k j o c j r j m d c ` s

h` p`r slf js jc m dsm l td`mp l. T su p ÷ o c d i l ` r j u f p ÷ o c d i l k ``tt -

` r l b ä f ` l . C j i l s j m ê s h d a íi
í i ddcc ` s k j o c j r p j r j u f j u h d t l r d l i l f s t d t u ddh
hl

p l r j h u c t l s , f d ú l s , d f t ` cc`` i t u j c ` s , d f h l i t l s . C l s f d ú l s h d s t r j ` f j cl
cl s

jhuctls. Pfj p j cj
cj o rj l uf ilfi `ptl au`rj h` cl il m ÷f fl `s
i l m p r ` f h d h l p l r q u d ` f ` s t dd`` f ` f m ` f l s i l f l i d m d ` f t l j i j h ä m d i l .

D m j b d f ` c l q u ` h ` o ` s ` r k j o c j r j u f p ÷ o c d i l m d x tl y s df m d i r ù a l f l .

I j s d d m p l s d o c ` . ^ ` r l G ` s ÷ s k j o c j o j i l f ` x i ` c ` f i d j j h d ` z , m dc
d c l h dd`` z

m dc
dc p ` r s l f j s . ^ j r j ` s l o u s i j o j ` s p j i d l s j m p c d l s , t r j f q u d c l s y i l f

o u ` f j i j p j i d h j h h ` h d a u s d ù f s l f l r j . Y u s h d s i u r s l s ` f i j f t j o j f j cj
cjs

muctdtuh`s. Cls `vjfb`cdls r`bdstrjf hdstdftjs r`jiidlf`s h` `ftu-

s d j s m l p r l v l i j h j s ` f ` c p ÷ o cd
c d iill .

Jcbufls cíh`r`s `spdrdtujc`s m` kjf hdikl qu` jc `stuhdjr cj

d f t ` c ddbb ` fi
f i d j h ` G ` s ÷ s y jjcc u s j r s u m ätl hl h` p r ` h di j r s ` r m l f ` s ,

i l m ` f z j r l f j ` f i j f t j r j c p ÷ o c di
di l . @
@cc M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s c ` s

` f s ` ú ù ` s j c `i
` i i dù
dù f .

@f c l s t d ` m p l s h ` G ` s ÷ s , c j b ` f t ` ` s t j o j k j m o r d ` f t j y ` f a ` rm j .

I u j f h l c j m d s ` r d j a í sd
s d iijj t l i j j ccjj p u ` r t j , f j h d ` p d ` f s j ` f i u ` s t d l f ` s

` x d s t`
t ` f i d j c ` s . C l s d f s t ddf
f t l s p r ` v j c ` ii`` f s l o r ` ` c j r t ` h ` p ` f s j r . I j u -

t dv j r `c p ` f s j m d ` f t l h ` p ` r s l f j s k j m o r d ` f t j s ` r j u
uff v`rhjh`rl h`-

s j a í l . K j i ` r c j s h ` s v d j r ccjj j t ` f i d ù f h ` c p j f a í s d i l k j i d j ` c p j f psd-

i l c ù b d i l y ` s p d rd tu j c ` r j u f j t j r ` j b d b j f t ` s i j .

^ ` r l G ` s ÷ s j t r j ííjj j c j s m u c t ddtt u h ` s . M ê s q u ` s u s k ` i k l s s l o r ` f j t -
u r j c `s
` s , s u l r j t l r d j h ` g j o j j s l m o r j h l s j k l m o r ` s y m u g ` r ` s . @c v ` f h ` -

h l r h ` s u ` ú l s d f s p d r j o j ``cc j c m j y ` c ` s p í r ddtt u k u m j f l s .

Jc
Jc p ` f ` t r j r h ` a l r m j v d v j ` f c l s c j o l r j t l r d l s h ` i l m u f d i j i d ù f h `c

M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s , s u s h d s i í p u c l s a u ` rl f p l i l j p l i l j o r d ` f h l

cjs v`ftjfjs h` cj dft`cdb`fidj y cdo`rjfhl su ir`jtdvdhjh. _``hdtjrlf

cj s o j s ` s h ` c j m ` m l r d j q u ` i l f t ` f í j t d m d h `z , d f s ` b u r d h jh , d f s ` f s d -

o dc
d c dh
dh j h
h,, m d`h l jc r`ik jzl y j ccjj iirr í ttdd ij
ij . @xp `rdm `ftjr lf js í uf

p r l b r ` s l s df p r ` i ` h ` f t ` s .

H ` s p u ä s h ` c j m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s ÷ s , c l s g ù v ` f ` s b j c d cc`` l s t j m o d ä f s `
vlcvd`rlf b r j f h ` s v ` f h ` h l r ` s h ` s u ` ú l s . K jo cjo jf h ` cls s u ` ú l s h`

su M j ` s t r l i l m l s d a u ` r j f c l s h ` ` cc
cc ls . ^ r ` h d i j o jf i l f cj m j y l r

ilfvdiidùf slor` uf r`dfl i`c`stdjc qu` fufij kjoíjf vdstl. @fijf-

t j r lf
l f j j u h d t l r ddll s . @ s t j f i j r l f c ê b r d m j s . X r j g ` r llf
f `sp `rj fz j `f m `hdl

h`c ij l s y jc`bríj `f m `h dl h`c h

hll ccll r.
r.

@ f t r`
r ` f ê f h l c ls
l s p j r j k j o c j r h ` ` cccc l s m d s m l s

G ` s ÷ s au ` uf M j ` s t r l Dflcvdhjoc` `f t l h l s cl s j s p ` i t l s . @ ftr `fù j

s u s h d s i í p u c l s f l s l c l p j rrjj k j o c j r jjcc m u f h l , s d f l p j r j k j o c j r h ` su
su

p r l p d l m u f h l . Q j m l s j ` x p ccdd iijj r q u ä ` s ` s t l . G ` s ÷ s s j o í j h ``cc r d ` s b l j

q u ` s ` ` x p l f ` u f b r j f l r j h l r i u j f h l s ` v u ` ccvv ` l r b u c c l s l y s ` i l f -

s d h ` r j m ê s q u ` c l s h ` m ê s . I u j f h l t j c i l s j l i u rrrr ` , s ` j í s c j y y j f l

s j o ` k j o c j r h ` c j s p ` q u ` ú j s i l s j s fd h ` s u s i l f a c d i t l s d f
ftt ` r dl
d l r ` ss..

M u i k l s i u r j s , p j s t l r ` s , r j o d f llss , ccíí h ` r ` s m u s u c m j f ` s , o u h d s t j s ,

i u j f h l ` m p d ` z j f j s ` r j h m d r j h l s , s ` ` f i d ` r r j f h ` f t r l h ` ` cccc l s m d s -

m l s , y j f l k j o ccjj f h ` s u s d f q u d ` t u h ` s y s u a r d m d ` f t l s , m u i k j s v ` i ` s

s u a r ` f i r d s d s h ` p r ` s d v j s , p ` r l p r ` a d ` rr`` f l i u c t j r s u s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s .

M ` v d ` f ` j ccjj m ` m l r d j ``cc i j s l h ` u f i u r j , d ccu

u s ttrr ` h d r ` i t l r h ` u f
s ` m d f j r d l , q u ` s u a r í j i r d s ddss h ` p ê f d i l h ` c j f t ` h ` c p ÷ o c d i l . @ r j ttjj c ssu
u

j b l f í j q u ` t ` m í j q u ` ` f i u j c q u d ` r m l m ` f t l c ` h d ` r j u f d f a j r t l . ^ ``rr l

f l t ` f í j ``cc v j c l r h ` k j o c j r h ` s u h r j m j i l f f j h dd`` , f d i l f c l s i u r j s

q u ` c l j u x ddcc d j o j f . Y l c l h ` s p u ä s h ` c ` ` r m d s c d o r l s j i i ` h d ù j k j o c j r

i l f m d b l . Qd jg ù m ê s h ` s ` d si d ` f tl s e d cù m ` t rl s p j r j v ` rm ` 5 h ` s j a l r t u -

f j h j m ` f t ` , s l cl o u s i ù j y uh j h ` s p u ä s h ` m ê s h ` h d `z c j rb l s j ú l s h `

s u a r d m d ` f t l s d c `f i d l s l .

I j h j r ` cd
c d b dù
dù f h ` o ` r í j t ` f ` r u f I ` f t r l h ` i j c d h j h h ` v d hj p j r j p r ` -

v ` f d r t r j s t l r f l s p s í q u d i l s , y p j r j q u ` s u s c í h ` r ` s y j h ` p t l s t ` f b j f cj
p l s do
d o d ccdd h j h h ` j y u h j r s ` m u t u j m ` f t ` , s u p ` r j r i l f a ccdd i t l s y ` x p j f h d r

c js
j s a u f i d l f ` s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s h ` c j d f t ` cd
cd b ` f i d j . I u j c q u d ` r j df
fss td
td -

t ui dù f q u ` f d ` bu ` `c ` s t r ä s y cj s ` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s ` m l i d l f j c ` s i l m ` t `

u f j b rj
r j f d f g u s ttdd iidd j i l f s u s m d ` m o r l s . F l ` x d s t ` u f j s l c j p ` r s l f j q u `

f l t ` f b j j c b ÷ f p r l o c ` m j . C l s i j s l s m ê s b r j v ` s f ` i ` s d t j f h ` j y u hj .

F ` b j r c j ` s s ` r d f k u m j f l 5 ` s k j o c j r h ` H d l s s df
d f d f tt`` c ddbb ` f iidd j ` sp
s p d rrdd tu
t u j cc,,

` m l i d l f j c , m u c td
t d a l i j c5
c5 ` s f ` b j r `c j m l r p l r c j v dh j .

H ` cj
c j m d s m j a l r m j , ` f c j s u f d v ` r s d h j h ` s y ``f
f c js b r j f h ` s ` m p r ` s j s

h ` o ` r í j k j o ` r u f I ` f t r l h ` i j c d h j h h ` v d h j p j r j t r j tj
tj r j s u s a u f -

i d l f jr d l s , d f v ` s td b j h l r ` s , p r l a ` s l r ` s y j c u m f l s . M u i k l s s l c l o u s i j f

j y u h j h ` s p u ä s q u ` b r j f p j r t ` h ` c l s j r i k d v l s h ` ccjj m ` m l r d j ` s t ê f

i l f t j m d f j h l s p l r ` x p ` r d ` f i d j s ` f a ` r m d z j s . H d j r d j m ` f t ` , ccjj m ` m l r d j

r`bdstrj h` alrmj prdvdc`bdjhj p`fsjmd`ftls mùrodhls y `mlidlf`s

` s t r ` s j f t ` s . I u j f t l m ê s t d ` m p l p j s j , m ê s h d a ííii dc
d c ` s r ` ` h d ttjj r c j p ` c í i u -

cj h ` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` .

H ` s j a l r t u f j h j m ` f t ` , m u i k l s p d `f s j f q u ` t ` f ` r u f t rj s tl r f l ` m l -

i d l f j c ` s s ` ú j c h ` a r j b d c dh
d h j h y h ` p ` q u ` ú ` z d f tt`` c`
c ` i t uj
uj c . @ s t ` p r ` i l f 

i`ptl ` x ds t ` t j f t l `f cl s m `hdl s ji jh äm dils iujftl, y p r d f i d-

d-
p j c m ` f t ` , `f
` f c ls
l s m ` h d l s r ` c d b d l s l s . @ s t ` ` s u f i l m p c ` t l ``rr r l r . Cj
Cj

h ` p r ` s d ù f y `c
`c s í f h r l m ` h ` c p ê f d i l , p l r ` g ` m p c l , j i l s t u m o r j f s u r b d r

` f c js p ` r s l f j s j a `i td vj s y k u m j f j s m ê s s ` f s d o c ` s . Y l f o u ` f j s y

b ` f ` r l s j s p j r j i l f c l s h ` m ê s , p ` r l p ä s d m j s p j r j i l f ` c ccjj s m d s m j s .

Iudhjf j cls mês i`rijfls, j cls qu` slf dfijpji`s h` p`rguhdijr,

p ` r l f l s j o ` f i u dh j r s `.

G ` s ÷ s g j m ê s h ` s p r ` i dù j cls ` f a` r m l s . ^lr ` s l , q u d sl k u m j f dz j r j

s u s h d s i í p u c l s . F l h ` s ` j o j a l r m j r k l m o r ` s s ` h u i d h l s p l r `c
` c ä x d t ll,,

q u ` s ` p u s d` s ` f p l r ` f i d m j h ` cl s h ` m ê s m l r tj c` s , i r` y ä f h l s ` s u p ` -
r dl r `s j ` cc l s s d f l q u ` j f k ` c j o j q u ` cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` i j h j u f l ` s t u -

vd` rj cc`fj h ` k u m dch j h . Z u ` r íj b ` f ` r j r h d s i í p u c l s i j p j i ` s h ` h`idr 7 «

M ` ` q u d v lq u ä , p ` r h ù f ` m ` µ . K l m o r ` s i l f ``cc v j c l r h ` h ` i d r 7 « F `i `-

sdtl h` ust`h µ . Z u ` f l t u v d ` r j f m d ` h l h ` h ` i dr
dr 7 « @ s t l y s u a r d` f h l ,

f ` i ` s dt
dt l j y u h j µ .

G ` s ÷ s f l s ` j v ` r b l f z j o j h ` s u s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s . M ê s h ` u f j v ` z cclrù

` f p ÷ o c d i ll.. 3 ^ l r q u ä j c b u d ` f t j f b r j f h ` i l m l ä c t u v l q u ` c ccll r jjrr p ÷ o ccdd -

ijm`ft`< 3 ^lr qu ä `s` l rjh lr ` x t r j l r h d f j r d ll,, qu` kdzl k`ikls

s l o r ` f j t u r j c` s g j m ê s v ds t l s, f l p u h l i l f t ` f ` r cj s c ê b r dm j s < ^ l rq u `

j m j o j s ` r k u m j f l y t rj f s p j r` f t ` . T p l r q u ` q u ` r íj ` f tr ` f jr j s u s h d s -

i í p u c l s p j r j q u ` s ` q u ddtt j rrjj f c js
js m ê s i j r j s y ` x p u s d ` r j f s u s p r l p d l s

s`ftdmd`ftls.

K l r j s j f t ` s h ` s ` r j r r ` s t j h l , G ` s ÷ s a u ` j ÷ f m ê s c `g ls . C c j m ù j ^ `-

h r l , j G j i l o l y j G u j f y cc`` s h ddgg l7
l7 « M d j c m j ` s t ê t r d sstt ` k j s t j c j m u ` r t ` µ

(Mjt`l ?1.9;). @ccls s` jsustjrlf jft` tjc sdfi`rdhjh. G`s÷s, qu`

p j r ` i íj
íj d f v ` f
fii d oocc ` , s ` v ` í j j k l r j j f b u s t d j h l , i l r r d ä f h l c ` b l t j s h ` s j f -

b r ` p l r ` c r l sstt r l , g j h ` j f t ` , p r l a u f h j m ` f t ` j o j t d h l . Y u s h d s i í p u c l s f l

` f t ` f h íj f q u ` s ` ` s t j o j p r ` p j r j f h l p j r j s ` r t l r tu r j h l y m u ` r t l p l r
cj kumjfdhjh.

^ u h l k j o ` r l i u c t j h l s u s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s . ^ u h l k j o ` r t r j s m d t d h l ccjj

d m j b ` f h ` u f k ä r l ` q u ` f l i l f l i í j ``cc vvjj cc
c c ` h ` c jjss m d s ` r d j s ` m l -

idlfjc`s.

^ u h l k j o ` r ` v dt j hl q u ` ` s l s m l m ` f t l s q u ` h j r j f r ` b d s t rj h l s `f s u s

o d l b rj a íj s h ` m l h l q u ` t l h l `c m u f h l s ` ` f t ` rj r j . ^ ` r l f l . M ê s o d` f

t u v l cj
cj l s j h í j h ` ` x p r ` s jr s u s s ` f t dm d ` f t l s . 3 I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s f ` i ` s dt ù

u s t`
t` h h ` j c bu d ` f q u ` c l l y` rj , p ` r l t ` m d ù k j o c j r < « I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s u s t -

` h , p l r t ` m l r h ` f l s ` r i l m p r ` f h d h l , s l a l i ù ` c hl
h l cl
c l r , p r ` a d r d ` f h l `c
`c
sdc`fidl<

@c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j k j o c ù h ` s u h l c l r j t r ` s h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s q u `

f l t ` f í j f c j m ê s m í f d m j p l s do
d o d ccdd h j h h ` j y u h j r cl
cl . J c b u f j s k l r j s h ` -

s p u ä s , ^ ` h r l c l f ` b j r í j , y G j i l o l y G u j f k u ddrr í j f h ` s p j v l r d h l s .

G ` s ÷ s u s ù s u p r l p d l h l c l r p j r j i r ` j r `c j m o d ` f t ` j h ` i u j h l p j r j ` f -

s ` ú j r j c l s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i í p u c l s y jc m u f h l ` f t ` r l j f l j v ` r b l f z j r s `

h ` c l s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s , j f l l i u c t j r c ls
l s i l f a c d i t l s p ` r s l f j c ` s , j f l t`
t` f ` r

v ` r b ó ` f z j h ` o u s i j r jyuhj, j r l m p ` r il f cj s l c` h j h y j g j m ê s pl r-

t j r s ` i l m l b d b j f t ` s d f t l i j o c ` s y p ` r a ` i t l s . ¡¡J
J k , sd G u h j s k u o d ` s `

jpr`fhdhl cj c`iidùf!

¡ I u ê f t l s p j h r ` s k j f ` v d t j h l cccc l rrjj r h ` c j f t ` h ` c l s k d g l ss!! Y d f ` m -

o j r b l , c cl
c l rrjj r y s l ú j r h ` c j f t ` h ` c l s ` cccc l s ` s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` q u ` ` f t r ` -

bjrc`s `c mufhl `f ojfh`gj h` pcjtj. @f psdqudjtríj, `c ccjftl `s vdstl

i l m l u f b r j f j b ` f t ` h ` j ccdd v ddll .

@ c p r l y ` i t l h ` G ` s ÷ s f l ` r j u f m l v d m d ` f t l ` f t l r f l h ` l t r j r ``--

c db
d b dù
d ù f . @ rrjj u f p r l y ` i t l q u ` , p j s j f h l p l r ` f i d m j h ` i u j c ` s q u d ` r j r ` c d -

b d l f ` s , i l m p r ` f h í j j t l h j c j k u m j f d h j h . Y u i l r j z ù f ` r j j r h dd`` f t ` y

j o d` r t l p j r j j o j r i j r j t l h l s , p u ` s s u p cj f ` rj j c i j f z j r j i j h j s ` r k u -
m j f l d f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` h ` s u i l cl
c l r,
r , r j z j , i u cctt u rrjj , rr`` c d b dù
dù f l i l f h d -

idùf adfjfid`rj.

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j q u ` r í j m l s t r j r q u ` ` xxdd st
s t dr
dr , p ` f s j r , s ` f t d r y t ` f -

` r i l f s i d ` f i d j h ` s í m d s m l ` r j u f j ` x p ` rd ` fi d j a j s i df j f t ` y ÷f di j .

Zu`ríj prlhuidr p`rslfjs sjcuhjoc`s, a`cdi`s, sjtdsa`ikjs, s`r`fjs.

Gj m ê s h ` s ` ù qu ` su s h dsiípucls au`rjf bdb jf t` s l s` m dh dl s` s. J f -

k ` c j o j a l r m j r k l m o r ` s c ddoo r`
r ` s q u ` , j s u v ` z , a l r m j r j f p ` r s l f j s c do
d o r ` s.
s.

Yd s u s h d s i í p u c l s k u o d ` s ` f c c` b j h l j i l f q u d s t j r m d c c l f `s h ` l y ` f t ` s

s d f p r ` l i u p j r s ` h ` j t ` f h ` r j s u s i l f a c ddii t l s l h ` p l h ` r k j o c j r h ` ` cc
c c ls
ls
m d s m l s , k j o r í j f ` s t j h l j i t u j f h l u f j l o r j tt`` jjtt rrjj c.
c . ^ l r a u ` rrjj s l f -

r d` f hl , p ` rl p l r h ` f t r l l i u c t j f h l s u s h l c l r ` s , s u s m d ` h l s y s u s a r j-

ijsls.

M ` b u s t j r í j p r l p l f ` r c ` s j c b l , ` s t d m j h l s j m d b l s c ` i t llrr ` s .

@c `ftr`fjmd`ftl h` G`s÷s dficuíj r`ufdlf`s ilfstjft`s y cdor`s.

I l f ` s t j ` s t r j t ` b d j , s u s h d s i í p u c l s j p r ` f h d ` r l f ` c j rt
rt ` h ` h d j c l b j r y

p ` r hd ` rl f ` c m d ` h l h ` k j o c j r h ` ` c cl s m d s m l s . J c r ` h ` h l r h ` u fj

m ` s j , ` f c j ÷ c t d m j i ` f j , ääcc p r l f u f i d ù j c b u f j s h ` s u s m ê s o r ddcc cj
c j f tt`` s

p j cj o r j s y s u s h d s i í p u cl s k j o cj r l f h ` m u i k l s h ` s u s p r l o c `m j s .

D f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` h ` s u r ` c ddbb d ù f
f,, a d ccll s l a í j h ` v d h j , i u c ttu
u r j , s ttjj t u s ,

c l s c ` i t l r `s d f t ` r ` s j h l s p l h r í j f r ` u f d r s ` p j r j ` s t u h d j r cj k u m j f d h j h

h ` G ` s u i r d s t l . J ` s j r ` u f d ù f s ` c` c cj m j r í j ^ r l b r j m j h ` I j c d h j h h ` Q d -

hj.

^ u ` h ` t ` f ` r u f j h u r j i d ù f p r ` ` s t j o c ` i d h j , l f l . C l d h ``jj c s ` r í j t r ` s

m ` s ` s i l f u f j r ` u f ddùù f s ` m j f j c h ` u f j k l r j y m ` h d j . C j s c ` i i ddll f ` s

p l h r í j f t r j t jr h `c ` s t r ä s , p r l t ` i i d ù f h ` c j s ` m l i d l f ` s , i l f t ` m p c j i d ù f

h ` c l o`
o ` cc
c c l,
l , i l f ttrr l c h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s . Y ` p l h r í j f ` s i l b ` r h ` t ` r -

m d f j h l s i j p í t u c l s h ` c l s c d o r l s J f ê cds ds h ` cj D f t ` cdb ` f i dj h ` I rds tl y

t r j f s a l r m j r c l s ` f c ` iiii d l f ` s .

@ f i j h j r ` u f d ù f s ` r í j f c ` í h l s t ` x t l s h u r j f t ` v ` d f t ` l t r ` ddf
ftj mdf -

u t l s , s ` b u d h l s h ` h ` o j t ` s ` f t r ` c l s m d ` m o r l s , i l m l k j i í j ``cc M j ` s t r l

h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s h ` s p u ä s h ` il f t j r s u s p j r ê o l c j s . I j h j b r u p l p lh rí j

t ` f ` r u f c íh
í h ` r,
r, f l p j r j i l f t r l c j r j c l s l t r l s s d f l p j r j ` s t d m u c j r c l s j

h d s i u t dr
d r ` c t ` m j c ` ííh
h l y k j o c j r h ` s u s h d aadd i u cctt j h ` ss.. C l ddh
h `j c ` s q u ` i j h j

b r u p l t ` f b j f l m ê s h ` i j tl r i ` p ` r s l f j s , p j r j q u ` t l h j s h d s p l f b j f

h ` t d ` m p l y c ddoo ` r t j h p j r j k jjoo cj
c j r.
r. @
@cc b r u p l m ê s i ` r i j f l j G ` s ÷ s ` s t j o j

i l f s t d t u d h l p l r t r ` i`
i` p ` r s l f j s , c l s h l i ` h d s i í p u c l s y äc.
 I j h j p j r t ddii d p j f t ` ` f ` c ^ r l b r j m j h ` I j c d h j h h ` Q d h j h ` o ` r í j v l c -

v ` r s ` uf m uctdpcdijhlr, l r b j f dz j f h l l tr l s b r u p l s `f s u i l f h l m df dl ,

o jr
j r r d l,
l , b r u p l r ` c d b d l sl
s l , ` s i u ` c j , ` m p r ` s j . @ c l o g ` t d v l p r d f i dp
dp j c h ` ` s l s

b r u p l s f l s ` r íj
íj h dv u c b j r u f j d h` l cl b íj , s d f l i r ` j r u f ` s p j i d l t ` r j p ä u -

t d il h l f h ` c js p ` r s l f j s p u h d `r j f j y u h j r s ` m u t u j m ` f t ` . J pr ` fh ` rí jf

j k j o c j r h ` ` c ccjj s m d s m j s p r ` v d f d ` f h l t r j s t l r f l s p s í q u d i l s , p r l tt`` -

bd`fh l cj
cj ` m l i d ù f , bl o`r fj fh l cls p`fsjm d`ftls5 ` f adf , h ` s j r -

r l c cj
cj f h l cj i j c d h j h h ` v dh j . P f k l m o r l j m d b l p j r j i l f a l r t j r y l í h l s

p r ` p j r j h l s p j r j l í r ` v ddtt j rríí j f m u i k l s s u a r d m d ` f t l s y s u d i d h d l ss..

J u f q u ` `c b r u p l p u h d ` r j ` s t j r i l m p u ` s t l p l r m d ` m o r l s h ` u f j

m d s m j a ``,, f l h ` o ` r í j f t l r f j r ccjj p ÷ o c d i j ` f c j s r ` u f d l f ` s . Y u ` ú l i l f `c
`c

h í j i u j f h l c j s p ` r s l f j s , t j f t l c j s q u ` f l t d ` f ` f u f j r ` c db
db d ù f i l m l

c js
j s q u ` s í ccjj t d ` f ` f j p j b u ` f ` c t ` c ` v d s l r y s ` r ` ÷ f j f p j r j d f t ` r i j m o d j r

` x p ` r d`
d` f i d js . Y u ` ú l i l f c j s ` s i u ` c j s h l f h ` k j y j p r l b r j m j s h ` i j c -

d h j h h ` v d h jj..

@ c h d ê c l b l ` s t ê m u r d ` f h l . C j s p ` r s l f j s s l c l i l f s d b u ` f k j o cj
cj r h ` ` c -

c js
js i u j f h l ` s t ê f j f t ` h ` u f p s d i ù c l b l l u f p s d q u d j t r j , c l q u ` ` s

d f j i ` p t jo c ` . @
@cc m l h ` c l h ` i l f s t r u i i d ù f h ` c j s r ` c j i d l f ` s s l i d j c ` s p r l -
h u i d h l p l r `c
` c M j ` s t r l h ` ccjj Q d h j ` s o rrdd cc
cc j f
ftt `.
`. M d ` f t r j s c j s p ` r s l f j s

f l j p r ` f h j f j k j o c j r h ` ` c ccjj s y j s ` r c ls
l s j u t l r ` s h ` s u p r l p d j k d s tl
t l r d j,
j,

cj d f h u s t r d j h ` j f t d h ` p r ` s d v l s y t r j f q u d c d z j f t ` s s ` r ê c j m ê s p l h ` r l s j

h `c
` c s d b ccll [ [ C T ` s l y j ` s t ê s u i ` h d ` f h l .

3 Z u ` h j r ` m l s l o s ` r v j f h l p j s d v j m ` f t ` j cj s l i d ` h j h `f a ` rm j r s `

s d f k j i ` r f j h j < @ s m ê s a êi
ê i d c q u ` h j r p j r j c ddzz j h l s , p ` r l c ls
ls q u ` s ` h ` i d -

h ` f j j i t u j r y j j s u m d r r d ` s b l s p j r j i j m o d j r j cb l s l f c l s q u ` k j i` f

cj h d a ` r ` f i d j .
@ftr`fêfhlcls pjrj trjojgjr `f `qudpl

G` s ÷ s ` s i l b dù p ` r s l f j s dm p ucsdvj s, dftlc`rjft`s ` dfhdvdhujcdstjs

p j r j a l r m j r ``cc m ` g l r ` q u d p l h ` t r j o j g l . ^ j r j t r j o j g j r ` f ` q u d p l , ` s

f ` i ` s j r d l s l c u i d l f j r c j s h d s p u t j s d f t ` r f j s , c l s i ` c l s , c j s ` f v d h d j ss,, ccjj

p r ` p l t `f i d j , c j f ` i ` s d h j h h ` s ` f t dr s ` m ê s q u ` c l s l t r l s .

@ f `c
`c h ` s j r r l c c l h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` c d f h d v d h u j c d s m l s u r b ` ` f a l r m j

f j tu
t u r jjcc . F l ` s f ` i ` s j r d l ` s a l r z j r s ` l r ` iidd od
o d r ccjj ddf
f a c u ` f i d j h ` j c bu
bu d `f

pjrj s`r dfhdvdhujcdstjs y `blístjs. ^`rl pjrj trjojgjr `f `qudpl, pjrj

i l l p ` r j r s u p ` r j f h l c j s h d aa`` r ` f i d j s s ` f ` i ` s d t j u f j p r ` f h dz
dz j g` i l m -

p c`
c ` gl
g l . @ f Ê a r d i j , o ` c c í s d m l s p j í s ` s s ` h ` s t r u y ` f p l r a j c tj
tj h ` ` s ` j p r ` f -

hdzjg`. Xrdous s` p`c`jf y s` mjtjf plrqu` fl sjo`f trjojgjr `f

` q u d p l . F l s j o ` f h j r s ` , i l m p r ` f h ` r s ` y j i ` p t j r p ä r h d h js p j r j j c i j f -

zj r uf log`tdvl.

C l s q u ` q u d ` r ` f s ` r ` s t r ` cccc j s s d ` m p r ` o r ddcc cj
cj r ê f s l c l s . X r j o j g j r ` f

` q u d p l d m p c di j h ` g j r q u ` c l s h ` m ê s t j m o d ä f ordcc`f.

J cb l qu ` ` s au f h jm `f tj c pjrj trjojgjr `f ` q u dp l ` s j p r`f h `r j p lf -

` r s ` ` f ` c ccu
u b j r h ` c l s l tr l s y v ` r `c m u f h l p l r s u s l g l s . M u i k l s

p r l a ` s l r ` s f l v ` f c l s i l f a cd i tl s h ` s u s j c u m f l s , m u i k l s p j h r ` s
h ` s i l f l i ` f c l s h r j m j s q u ` s u s k d ggll s ` s t ê f v d v d ` f h l . Y l c l s ` h j f

i u ` f t j ` f s d t u j i d l f ` s ` x t r ` m j s , i u j f h l j c b u f l s d f t ``f
f tj f s u d i d h j r s ` l

i j ` f ` f `c m u f h l h ` c j h r l b j h d i i d ù f . Q d v d m l s ` f u f j s l i d ` h j h q u `

` s i u i k j m u i k l s t d p l s h` s l f d h l s , p ` r l f l p ` f ` t r j ` f `c s ` i r ` t l h `

c ls
ls i l r j z l f ` s .

Yd h ` k l y ` f j h ` c j f t ` u s t ` h s ` d f t ` r `s j p l r g ù v ` f ` s j b r ` s d v l s l p l r

g ù v ` f ` s t í m d h l s , y s ` p r ` b u f t j q u ä p j s j `f cj d f t d m d h j h h ` ` c cl s,

` s tj r ê j m j f h l j p ` r s l f j s q u ` f l s ` s d` f t` f j m j h j s y ` s i u i k j f h l j

p ` r s l f j s q u ` s ` s d `f t ` f j d s c j h j s . T p l r s u d ft `r äs p l r ` c cj s ` s p l s do c `
q u ` ` v d t ` s u d i d h d l s y v d l c ` f i ddjj s . ^ l r ` c s l c l k ` i k l h ` s ` f t d r s ` j i l b d -

h j s , ` s tj s p ` r s l f j s i l m ` f z j r ê f j v ` r s u s p r l o c ` m j s h ` a l r m j h d s -

tdftj. @s` `s ufl h` cls s`ir`tls h`c äxdtl h` ufj psdilt`rjpdj `ad-

id`ft`. @c pjid`ft` s` ijcmj y `siuikj.

_ j r j m ` f t ` p j h r ` s ` k d gl
gl s k j oc j f s l o r ` s u s s u ` ú l s y s u s a ru s tr j -

i d l f ` s . L í r f l ` s ` s i u i k j r . L í r ` s ` f t r ` b j r s ` . Z u d ` f f u f i j h ` s j r r l c cù
cù

u f j o u ` f j i j p j i d h j h h ` l í r s ` r ê p l r t j h l r h ` u f j s l i d j o ddcc d h j h ` f a ` r -

m d z j . K j r ê g u z b j m d ` f t l s p r ` i l f i ` o d h l s , f l s j o r ê l í r l h ` i d r «. f l µ .

C l s g ù v ` f ` s h d s i í p u c l s h ` G ` s ÷ s t ` f ííjj f b r j f h da
d a ddii u cctt j h p j r j r ` ccjj -

i d l f j r s ` . M d ` f t r j s ` s i u i k j o j f p j c j o r j s ` c l i u ` f t ` s j i ` r i j h ``cc j m l r ,

d f s ds
ds t í j f ` f s ` r d f h d v d h u j c d s t j s y ` b l i ä f t r d i l s .

G` s÷ s, h ` s ` j f h l q u ` cls hdsi íp ucl s jpr`fhd`rjf j il cjolrjr uf ls

i l f l t r l s , ccll s p r ` p j r ù p j r j , ` f b r u p l s h ` h l s , j f u f i d j r c ` s s u p ccjj f

t r j f s i ` f h ` f t j c . C ` s h d ggll q u ` t ` f h r í j f q u ` s j c d r ssdd f s u j p l y l , s d f u f

m j f u j c h ` i l f h u i t j , s df
d f d td
t d f`
f ` r jjrr dl
d l , s df
d f p r l v d s d ù f h ` j c d m ` f t l s , s df
df

h d f ` r l p j r j ` v ` f t u j c ` s f ` i ` s d h j h ` s . X ` f h r í j f q u ` h ` p ` f h ` r ` c u f l h `c
`c

l t r l , h ` c jjss p ` r s l f j s i l f t j i t j h j s y h ` H d l s . ^ ` rrll , s l o r ` t l h l , h ` c l s

` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l s c c ` v j h l s j i j o l p l r G ` s ÷ s y r ` b d s t r j h l s i l m l o ``cc -
c í sd
s d m j s s ` m d c c j s ` f c l s s u ` c l s h ` s u s `r
`r . J p r ` f s d v l s , s ` a u ` r l f i l f c l

q u ` c c ` vj
v j o j f p u ` s t l . ¡ Z u ä ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l ` c q u ` r ` i ddoo d `r
`r l f ! ¡ Z u ä v jc l r

` c h ` ` c c l s!
s!

C l s h d s i í p u cl s h ` o í j f `f t r jr `f c js i j s j s , i j m o d j r s u s p j r j h d b m j s

y k j o cj r h ` uf r`dfl dfvdsdoc` j cl s l gl s k u m j f l s . X`fhríjf qu`

v ` f h ` r s u ` ú l s j u f p u ` o c l k j m o r d ` f t l y s u a r d h l . Q ` f h ` r j q u ` c c l `f

q u ` i r `í
` í j f , p ` r l q u ` f l k j o í j f v d s t l . F j h j ` s t j f h ddaa í i dc
dc i l m l k j i ` r

` s l . Y d c j s p ` r s l f j s t d ` f ` f h d a ddii u c t j h p j r j r ` iidd o d r c l q u ` v ` f , i u ê f t l

m ê s c l q u ` f l s ` vv`` .
 Jc
Jc p r d f i d p d l i c j u h d i j r l f . Y u ` b l í s m l c l s k j i í j v j i d c j r 5 s d f ` m o j r b l ,

p j r j t ` f ` r ä x d tl
t l , i j h j h u p c j t ` f h r í j q u ` i k jjrr ccjj r , j p r ` f h ` r j i l f l i ` r s `

c ls
ls s ` f t d m d ` f t l s h ` i j h j u f l , t r j zj r i j m d f l s . X ` f h r í jf q u ` j p r ` f h ` r

j i l m o j t d r g u f t l s c l s r ` i k j z l s y c j s i r í td
t d ij
i j s . I u j f h l t jjcc i l s j l i u r -

r dd`` rrjj , h ` o ` r í j f s j o ` r r ` j i i d l f j r p j r j i j m o d j r c j s j i t d t u h ` s h ` ccjj b ` f t `

h ` f ` b j t d v j s ` f p l s d t ddvv j s . _ ` i u ä r h ` s ` q u ` ` c c l s ` r j f , ` f s u m j y l r í j ,

p ` s i j h l r ` s s ` f i d c c l s q u ` j k l r j f ` i ` s d t j o j f h ` s j r r l c c j r u f j l r j tl r d j

i j u t d v j f t ` q u ` c ` s p ` r m d t d ` r j c c ` bbjj r jjcc i l r j z ù f h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s , j c l

p r l au f h l h` s u s j cm j s . ¼ Iù m l df
fdd i dj
dj r ` c i l f t j i t l < 3 I ù m l aj si d-

fjrcjs<

@c r ` s u c t j h l a u ` m j r j v d c c l s l . G ` s ÷ s s ` j c ` b r ù m u i k l . C l s h d s i í p u c l s

t r j o j g j r l f d f i l f s i d ` f t ` m ` f t ` s u d f h d v d h u j c d s m l , s u r d b dh
d h ` z y s u h d ad
ad -

i u c t j h p j r j d f t ` r j i t u j r s l i d j c m ` f t ` . @ s l c `s
`s i j p j i d t ù p j r j i l f q u d s t j r j

c j s p ` r s l f j s , i l m p r ` f h ` r s u s j f b u s t d j s , c c ` v j r c `s
` s ` s p ` r j f z j ` f ``cc

i j l s , p j z ` f m ` h d l h ` c j s t l r m ` f t j s h ` c j v dh
d h jj..

@ f t r ` f ê f h l c l s p j r j s u p ` r j r c j i l m p u c s dù
dù f p l r ` c

p l h ` r y p r l m l v ` r ` c j m l r df i l f h di dl f j c
J p ` s j r h ` c ` x i ` c ` f t ` r ` s u c t j h l h ` ` s t ` y h ` l t r l s c j o l r j t l r d l s , cls

hdsiípucl s j÷f ilf s`r vjo jf cj jmo didùf `f a`rm dzj p l r `c p l h` r ,

h d s p u t ê f h l s ` q u d ä f k j o r í j h ` s ` r ``cc m j y l r h ` ` f t r ` ` cc
c c ls
ls .

C j j m o d i dù f ` s u f v dr u s q u ` g j m ê s m u ` r ` , s l c l s ` j h l r m ` i ` .

Jc
Jc a d fj c h ` s u m d s d ù f ` f c j t d ` r r j , G ` s ÷ s s j o í j q u ` ` c c l s p l h r í j f t ` f ` r

b r j v ` s p r l o c ` m j s h ` i l f v d v ` f i d j ssdd f l j h m d f d s t r j o j f s j o d j m ` f t ` ccjj

jmodidùf.

@f c u bj r h ` s l a l i j r c j j m o d i d ù f h ` s u s s ` b u d h l r ` s , G ` s ÷ s cj ` f -

i`fhdù, ijmodjfhl, sdf `mojrbl, `c pjtrùf. @rj plsdoc` qu` ufl cc`-
b j r j j s ` r m j y l r q u ` l t r l . ^ ` r l,
l , `c
`c q u ` q u d s d ` r j s ` r `c m j y l r h ` o í j

j p r ` f h ` r j s ` r `c m ` f l r ` f tr ` t l h l s . Z u d ` f t u v d `r j cj j m o d i d ù f h ` s `r

`c m ê s b r j f h ` ` f s u r ` df l , h ` o í j s ` r i j p j z h ` k j i ` r s ` p ` q u ` ú l . I l f

` s j s p j c j o r j s , ä c j v j c ù ccjj ddf
f t ` c d b ` f i d j h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s , d f v d rrtt d `f
`f h l c l s

v j c l r ` s i r d s t j c d z j h l s ` f s u s m ` f t ` s , d Z u d ä f ` s t j o c ` i d ù ` f c j k d st
s t l r ddjj

t j c p j t r ù f p j r j a l r m j r u f j i j s t j h ` c í h `r
` r ` ss<< A r ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` , cl s

c íh
í h ` r ` s q u d ` r ` f q u ` `c
`c m u f h l b d r ` ` f t l r f l h ` ` c c l s . G j m ê s s ` d m j b -

df jf i l m l s ` r v d hl r ` s h ` l t r ls .

@ f c j s d f s t ddtt u i d l f ` s k u m j f j s , c l s c ííh
h ` r ` s a r ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` h d s a r u ttjj f

h ` c pr
p r d v ddcc ` b dl
d l h ` s ` r s ` r v d h l s . @ f ` c ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c llss

M j ` s t r l s , c l s c í h ` r`
r ` s h ` o ` f h d s a r u t j r h ` c p r d v ddcc ` b dl
d l h ` s ` rv
r v ddrr . J u f q u `

s d f h u h j k j y ` x i ` p i d l f ` s , c l s b r j f h ` s h ` s p l g j f j c l s m ` f l r ` s p j rrjj

b l z j r s l c l ` cc
c c l s h ` c j s r ` b j c í j s . @ f ``cc r ` d f l h `c
` c M j ` s t r l h ` cl
cl s M j ` -

s t r l s , c l s b r j f h ` s s ` p l f ` f j s ` rv d id l h ` c ls m ê s p ` q u ` ú l s .

^ j r j G ` s ÷ s , ` c q u ` ` x p c l t j j s u p r ù g d m l f l t d ` f ` ccjj m ê s m í f d m j f l -

i d ù f h ` c j v d h j q u ` p j c p dt
dt j h ` f t r l h ` i j h j s ` r k u m j f l . Z u d ` f ` xp cl tj

jc ltrl `s uf fdúl qu` j÷f fl kj cc`bjhl j ilmpr`fh`r cj hdm`fsdùf

h` cj vdhj5 qu` fl s` hj iu`ftj qu` uf híj `far`ftjrê cj slc`hjh h`

u f j t u m o j i l m l i u j c q u d ` r m d s ` r j o c ` m j r b d f j h l h ` ccjj s l i d ` h j h . C l s

q u ` p r ` t ` f h ` f s ` r h u ` ú l s h ``cc m u f h l f u f i j a u ` r l f h u ` ú l s h ` ` c c l s

mdsmls.

Muikls cíh`r`s, trêt`s` h` r`cdbdlsls, plcítdils, g`a`s h` h`pjrtj-

m ` f t l s h ` u f d v ` r sd h j h` s l ` g ` iu t dv l s h ` ` m p r ` s j s f l ` s tê f p r ` p jr j -

h l s p j r j j s u m d r ``cc p l h ``rr . @
@cc p l h ` r ccll s s ` h u i ` y c l s h l m d f j , p l r ` s l

c l ` g ` r ii`` f i l f ` x i ` s l h ` j u t l r d h j h p r l i u r j f h l i l f t r l c j r j ccll s h ` m ê s .

D f a ` c dz
dz m ` f t ` , ` c j u t l r d t j r d s m l t j m o d ä f ` x d s t ` ` f t r ` c l s p s d q u d j t r j s y

p s d i ù c l b l s i cí
c í f d il
i l s . M u i k l s h ` ` cccc l s j s u m ` f u f j i l f h u i t j j u tl
tl r d -
t j r dj
d j h ` f t r l h ` c i l f s u c t l r ddll , h l f h ` f d f b ÷ f p j i d ` f t ` p u ` h ` i u ` s t d l f j r

s u i l f h u i t j y s u s d f t ` r p r ` t j i d l f ` ss.. Z u d ä f f l ` s i j p j z h ` h j r j c ls
ls

p j i d ` f t ` s ` c h ` r ` i k l h ` i u ` s t d l f j r c l s f l ` s t ê p r ` p j r j h l p j r j ` g ` r i ``rr

tjf h`cdijhj aufidùf.

@f `c prdm`r cdorl h` `stj ilc`iidùf hdg` qu` G`s÷s tuvl ufj ilf-

h u i t j s l r p r ` f h ` f t ` i u j f h l s ` t rj tù h ` h j r cj s ÷ c t dm j s c ` i i d l f ` s j s u s

hdsiípucls. ^lr `s ls híjs, cjs muctdtuh`s cl s`b uíjf ajsidf jhjs.

G ` r u s j c ä f k ` r v íj h ` b ` f t ` h ` s ` j f h l t l i j r c l l v ` r cl j cl m ` f l s h`

c `g
` g ls
l s . K j o í j q u d ` f ` s c ` j t rrdd o u
uíí j f u f s t j t u s d f i c u s l m j y l r q u ` ` c h ` c l s

` m p ` r j h l r ` s r l m j f l s . M d ` f t r j s ` f c j i j p d t jjcc h ` D s rrjj ``cc m d c ` s h ` p ` r -

s l f j s ` s t j o j f c d s t j s p j r j p l s t r j r s ` j s u s p d ` ss,, f j h d ` d m j b d f j o j q u ` ääcc

s ` ` s t j o j p l s t r j f h l j ccll s p d ` s h ` s u s i l m p c d i j h l s h d s i í p u c l s . F l

i j o í j ` f c j d m j b d f j i d ù f k u m j f j q u ` ` s t u v dd`` r j p r l h u i d ` f h l c j m ê s

a j s i d f j f t ` u f d v ` r s d h j h v d v j p j r j q u ` s u s s ` b u d h l r ` s s u p d ` r j f q u ä t dp
dp l

h ` c íh
íh ` r äc j f u f i d j o j .

C l s h d s i í p u c l s ` s t j o j f ` f h ` r r ` h l r h ` ccjj m ` s j p j r t d i d p j f h l h ` c j

× c t d m j I ` f j . H ` p r l f t l , G ` s ÷ s o u s i ù j b u j y i l b d ` f h l u f j tl
t l j cccc j , ssdd f

h ` i d r u f j p j c j o r j i l m ` f z ù j c j v j r cc`` s c l s p d ` s ( G u j f : 9 ..?? ) . @ cc
c c ls
l s y j ccll
k j o í j f h ` i ` p i d l f j h l yy,, k l r j s h ` s p u ä s , c l h ` i ` p i d l f j r í j f j ÷ f m ê s .

C j f ` b j i d ù f h ` ^ ` h r l k ``rr dr
d r íj
í j s u s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s , c j t r j ddii d ù f h ` G u h j s

j o r d r ííjj u f j v j c c j ` f s u j c m j y ` c j o j f h l f l h ` t l h l s c ls
l s h d s i í p u c l s c`

i j u s j r í j u f j b r j f a r u s t r j i d ù f . ^ ` r l j p ` s j r h ` t j f t l h l c llrr , j k í ` s t j o j ,

p l s t r j h l j s u s p d ` s , p l f d ä f h l c ` s c j l t r j m ` g d cc
c c j.
j . Ä c c ls
ls j m j o j d f i l f h d -

i d l f j c m ` f t ` . @ c j m l r ` r j m ê s a u ` r t ` q u ` ` c h l cl
c l rr..

J q u ` ccj jitdtuh au` i l m l uf b l cp ` h` cu idh `z `f cl s s` f tdm d` f tl s

h ` i j h j u f l . I j h j b l t j h ` j b u j q u ` s ` ` s i u r r í j p l r s u s p d `s , i j h j

i l s t r j h ` m u b r ` r ` m l v d h j y i j h j m l v d m d ` f t l h ` cj
c j t l j cc
cc j p rl h u i í jf
`xp`rd`fidjs ajftêstdijs `f `c êr`j h` cjs `m li dlf `s y `f `c `si`fj rdl

h` cls p`fsjmd`ftls h` cls hdsiípucls. Xjc`s `xp`rd`fidjs p`f`trjrlf

` f c l s j r ik d v l s m ê s ` f a ` r m l s h ` c l s s u ` c l s h ` s u s m ` m l r d j s , r `` hd-

tjfhl cjs hdsputjs dft`rfjs qu` kjoíj `ftr` `ccls y cj f`i`sdhjh

i l m p u c s d v j h ` ` s t j r u f l p l r s l o r ` ` c l t r l . J c t d ` m p l q u ` c jjss i l s t r j s

h ` m u b r ` ` r j f q u d t j h j s h ` s u s p dd`` s , c j s h ` c l r b u c c l ` r j f h d s u ` c t j s h `

s u s j c m j s . @ c s d cc`` f i d l h ` G ` s ÷ s r ` s l f j o j ``f
f c ls
ls r d f i l f ` s h `c df i l f -

s i d ` f t ` h ` s u s h d s i í p u cl
cl s .

J s í , ` f t ` f h d ` r l f q u ` `c m j y l r ` s j q u ` c q u ` s d r v ` , q u ` `c m j y l r ` s

j q u` c q u ` j m j . Z u ` cj s p ` r s l f j s m ` f l s d m p l r tj f t `s s l i d j cm ` f t ` h ` -

o ` r í j f r ` i do
do d r u f j j t ` f i d ù f ` s p ` i d j c . Z u ` c l s h ` s p l s ` í h l s h ` o í j f t ` f -

`r uf cubjr h`stjijh l.

H ` s p u ä s h ` c j i r u iidd ad
a d xd
x d ùf
ù f , i u j f h l r ` aacc ` x d l f j r l f j i ` r i j h ``cc i l m p l r -

t j m d ` f t l j a ` i t dv
dv l y h ` s p r ` f h d h l h ` G ` s ÷ s , f u f i j v l c v d ` r l f j s ` r c l s

m d s m l s . Z u ` h ù i c jr l p j rj ` cc ls q u ` G ` s ÷ s ` s t j o j , v ` rh j h ` r j m ` f t ` ,

i l f t r l cj h l p l r ` s ` j m l r q u ` f l s ` i j f s j o j h ` p r ` b l f j r y ` fs ` új r.

G ` s ÷ s ` r j u f k l m o r ` ad`c j s u s p j c j o r j s . C l s h d s i í p u c l s , j p ` s j r h `

k j o ` r i l m ` t d h l ` r r l r ` s d m p ` r h l f j o c ` s , c ` g l s h ` s ` r ` x i c u dh
dh l s , a u` r lf
trjtjhls ilml prífidp`s qu` m`r`iíjf qu` s` c`s cjvjrj h`cdijhj-

m ` f t ` c llss p d ` s . 3 I ù m l t r jjtt j u s t ` h j c j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` y ` r r j f < ¼ C j s ` x -

i cu y ` y i l f h ` f j l cj s j i l b ` y v j cl r j < F l s j p r ` s u r j m l s j l a r` i ` r

f u ` v j s l p l r t u f d h j h ` s j q u d ` f ` s f l s h j f j cb l j i j m o d l , p ` r l t jr h ls

p j r j j i l b ` r j c l s j a cd
c d b ddh
h l s . J v ` i ` s fd s d q u d ` r j p r l t ` b ` m l s j f u ` s t r l s

kdgls.

C j s ji t dt u h ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s h`m lstrj ojf qu ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s h ` oí jf

p ` r h l f j r s d ` m p r ` , j u f q u ` c j s a j cccc j s s ` r ` p dt
d t d`
d ` rrjj f l a u ` r j f d f i l m p r ` f -

s d o c`
c ` s . @ c c ls
ls j p r ` f h d ` r l f v j c l r ` s q u ` f l s l t r l s t j m o d ä f t ` f ` m l s q u `
jpr `fh `r k
kll yy.. I l m p r ` f h d ` r l f q u ` c l s a u ` r t ` s p l f ` f c j l t r j m ` g d c cj
cj y

q u ` q u d ` f ` s r ` j i i d l f j f p j r j h ` v l c v ` r m j c p l r m j c s l f c ls
ls h
hää o d cc`` s 5

q u ` c l s a u ` r t ` s i l m p r ` f h ` f p ` r l c l s h ä o d c ` s g u z b j f 5 q u ` c ls
l s a u ` r tt`` s

j m j f ` f t j f t l q u ` c l s h ä o d cc`` s i l f h ` f j f .

I u j f h l u f m j ` s t r l ` s s l r p r ` f h ` f t ` , ccjj s p j c j o r j s s l o r j f . F u f i j ``cc

s d c ` f i d l a u ` t j f ` cl
cl i u ` f t ` .

2| g u h j s 7 j f t ` s y h ` s p u ä s

H @ C MJ @ Y X_L
C js
j s ` t j p j s h ` h ` s j r rrl
l cccc l h ` c j p ` r s l f j c ddh
hjh h ` Guh js

I l m l v d m l s , c l s s u ` c l s q u ` G ` s ÷ s h ` s i r d o d ù ` f cj
c j p j r ê o l c j h`
h` c s ` m -

o r j h l r p u ` h ` f r ` p r ` s ` f t j r i u j t r l ` t j p j s h ``cc h ` s j r r l c c l h ` cj
cj p ` r s l f -

j c dh
dh j h h ` u f m d s m l d f
fhh d v dh
d h u l.
l.

G u h j s t` f í j t l h j s cjs i l f h d i d l f ` s p j r j c c ` b j r j s ` r u f j o u ` f j td`rr j5

ufl h` cls brjfh`s cíh`r`s qu` ijmodjríjf cj kdstlrdj h` cj ku-

m j f d h j h . X l h l s c l s h d s i í p u c l s , ` x i ` p t l ääcc , i l m ` f z j r l f ` f cj
cj p r d m ` r j

` t j p j . @ r j f u f s u ` c l j c o l r h ` h `c i j m d f l , p l s ` í j f u f j p ` r s l f j c d h j h

d m p ` r m ` j o c ` , d fa
f a c`
c ` xd
x d oc
o c `,
`, h
hdd aí
a í iidd c h ` s ` r t r j o j g j h j . G u h j s , p l r c j s i j r j i -

t ` r í s t di
di j s h ` su p ` r s l f j c ddh
hjh, il m `f zù `f ccjj s ` b u f h j `tjpj. Yu

i l r j z ù f ` m l i d l f j c ` s t j o j ` f t r ` p d ` h r j s 5 p l r ` s l , j c r ` i do
d o ddrr c j s s ` m d c -

c js
j s p c j f t j h j s p l r G ` s ÷ s , o r l t j r lf
l f p r l f t l 5 s d f ` m o j r b l , c js
js r j í i `s ` r j f

p ` q u ` ú j s y h ä o d c ` s.
s.

I u j f h l G ` s ÷ s i l m ` f z ù j s u a r dr
d r a u ` r tt`` l p l s d i d ù f m l t d v j h j p l r `c
`c

l h d l h ` c l s a j r d s ` l s , G u h j s s ` j s u s t ù . K u o l l i j s d l f ` s ` f q u ` c llss

lp lsdtl r`s `xpu csjrlf jjcc Mj `strl h ` cjs sdf jb lb js5 `f l t r j s , cl

t r j t j r l f h ` c l il
i l , yy,, ` f l t r j s j ÷ f , d f t ` f t j r l f j p ` h r ` j r c l . G u h j s ` s t j o j
j m ` h r ` f t j h l . J u f q u ` ` c iijj c l r h ` c a u ` r t ` s llcc h ` c j l p l s d i d ù f i l m ` f z ù

j q u ` m j r c j s h ä o d c ` s r j í i ` s , ``cc ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l q u ` G ` s ÷ s c ` h j o j k j i ííjj

s u r i l s ` f c j t d ` r rj
r j y p ` r m d tí
t í j q u ` c js
j s s ` m d c c j s d f v j h d ` rrjj f ê r ` j s m ê s

prlaufhjs.

A u ` u f o ` cc
c c l i l m d ` f z l . G u h j s ` r j u f j p ` r s l f j j c ` b r ` y r ` j c dz
dz j hj .

J h m dr j o j j G ` s ÷ s . Y u s s ` r m l f ` s cl df sp dr j o jf . Y u p l h ` r cl aj s i df j o j.

^ jr
j r j äc
ä c , ``cc i j r p d f t ` r l h ` F j z j r ` t ` r j ` c b r j f M ` s í j s ` s p ` r j h l h u r j f t `

sdbcls p l r D s r j ``cc . Y u s mdcjbrls, s u lrjtlrdj y su d f t `c db ` f i d j i l f -

a d r m j o j f ` s l . @ s t l p ` r m d t d ù q u ` v ` f i d ` r j c j p r u ` o j h ` c i j c l r h ``cc s llcc .
Yup`rù cjs jfbustdjs, cjs p`rs`iuidlf`s, cls r`ikjzls, cjs irítdijs, cj

a j m j h ` c l i l . I r ` i d ù k j s t j p j s j r j ccjj t ` r i ` r j ` t j p j , ccjj h ` c s u ` c l i l f ` s -

p d f l s . Y u i l r j z ù f p j r ` i í j u f ggjj r h í f i u y j s p c j f t j s ` s i l f h í j f c ls
ls r ` -

t l ú l s q u ` a c l r ` i ` r í j f ` f c j m ê s o ` cccc j p r d m j v ` r j . ^ ` r l , s df
d f q u ` ääcc s `

h d `r
` r j i u ` f t j , s u ttdd c y p j r j c ` c j m ` f t ` i r ` i í j f c l s ` s p d f l s , r ` p r ` s ` f t j h l s

p l r c j s j m o d i d l f ` s , p l r ccjj a j s i d f j i d ù f h ` c j s r d q u ` z j s , p l r c j s p r ` l i u -

p j i d l f ` s h ` c j v ddh
h jj..

Jc
J c p r d f i d p d l , G u h j s f l q u d t j o j c l s l g l s h ` c M j ` s t r l . J s u c j h l , `c

mufhl, jufqu` p`cdbrlsl, s` vlcvíj uf ljsds. ^`rl, c`ftjm`ft`, au`

i j m o d j f h l s u m d r j h j p j r j i l f i ` f t r j r c j h ` f t r l h ` ääcc m d s m l . T j ppjj rt
r t dr
dr

h ` ` s ` m l m ` f t l i l m ` f z j r l f j p j s j r p l r `c ` s i ` f j r dl h ` s u m ` f t `

p ` f s j m d ` f t l s f ` b j t d v l s , h u h j s , i u ` s t d l f j m d ` f t l s . D f aa`` c ddzz m ` f t ` ä c cl
cl s

r ` p r d m d ù , l i u c t ê f h l s ` c l s j G ` s ÷ s . Y d u s t ` h q u d ` r ` ` v ddtt j r p r l o c ` m j s ` f

s u r ` ccjj i d ù f i l f c l s h ` m ê s , k j o c ` i l f ` c ccll s . X rrjj t`

t` cj s p ` q u ` ú j s i l s j s

q u ` ccll p ` r t u r o j f . ^ ` q u ` ú j s ` s p d f j s p u ` h ` f p r l v l i j r b r j f h ` s d f aa`` i -

idlf`s.

M d ` f t r j s G u h j s j c o ` r b j o j h u h j s ` f s u m ` f t ` , c j j f s d ` h j h p r l h u i ííjj

m j c ` z j s ` f s u j c m j . I l m l s u i ` h í j i l f c l s l t r l s h d s i í p u c l s , ``cc ` f t r ` -
f j m d ` f t l h ` G ` s ÷ s y j f l r ` ` h d ttjj o j , i l m l ` f c l s l t r l s h d s i í p u c l ss,,

j r i k d v l s s ` i r ` t l s y ` f a ` r m d z l s h ` s u s ``rr . G u h j s s ` b u í j s d ` f h l h d s -

i r ` tl , p ` r l s u s d f t ` r ` s ` s f l ` s t j o j f ` f s d f t l f í j i l f c l s h ` c k l m o r `

q u ` äc s ` b u í j y j h m d r j o j .

C ls i l f f d i ttll s h ` G u h j s

G u h j s t ` f í j h l s b r u p l s h ` i l f a c d i t l s . @c p r d m ` r l s u r b d ù h u r j f t ` `c

p r l i ` s l h ` a l r m j i d ù f h ` s u p ` r s l f j c ddh
h j h . J c b u f l s h ` ` s l s i l f a ccdd it
it ls

`rjf ilftrlcjoc`s5 ltrls, ilftrlcjhlr`s. Pfls s` mjfdad`stjf `f cj

f d ú ` z , y l t r l s , ` f c j ` h j h j h u c tj
tj . @ c p r l o c ` m j f l ` s sd t ` f ` m l s i j r j i -

t ` r ís
í s t d i j s ` f a ` r m d z j s ` f f u ` s t r j p ` r s l f j c d h j h , s d f l ccjj a l r m j i ù m l c jjss

jhmdfdstrjmls.

Gu h j s `rj ufj p ` r sl f j jutlsuadid`ft` y fl trjfspjr`ft`. @sjs ijrji-

t ` r í s t di
di j s fl c l i l f t r l c j oj f ` f cl s p r d m ` r l s h l s j ú l s ` f q u ` j i l m -

p j ú ù j G ` s ÷ s . @ f ` s ` p ` r d l h l , j u f q u ` f l ` f t ` f h dd`` r j j c b u f j s r ` j i -

i d l f ` s h ` c M j ` s t r l , ` s t j o j i l f v ` f i d h l h ` q u ` G ` s ÷ s ` r j ``cc M ` s í j s . Yd
Yd

j s í f l k u o d ` r ` s d h l , c l k j o rríí j j o j f h l f j h l ` f c l s p r d m ` r l s m ` s ` s .

I l f t r l c j r f u ` s t r j s i j r j i t ` rí s td i j s ` f a ` r m d z j s d m p d h d ` f h l q u ` s `

m j f d a d ` s t ` f f l s d b f da
da d i j q u ` ` s t ä f s u p ` r j h j s . ^jrj sup`rjrcjs, `s

f ` i ` s j r d l r ` ` s i r d o d r c j s o j s ` s h ` c j m ` m l r d j . YYdd ` s t l f l l i u r r ` , t j r h `

l t ` m p r j f l s ` r ê f j c d m ` f t j h j s p j r j q u ` r ` j p j r ` z i j f ` f cj ` h j h j h
huu ct
ct j .

Cj p ä r h dh j h ` u f ` m p c ` l p u ` h ` k j i ` r su r b d r u f j b r j f d f s ` b u r d h j h q u `

`stjo j r ` p r d m d h j . P f j i r d s ds
ds h ` p ê f d i l p u ` h ` s j i j r j c j c uz
uz uf j

pr`liupjidùf `xi`sdvj plr jcbufj `fa`rm`hjh qu` `stjoj rjzlf-

j o c ` m ` f t ` i l f t r l cj h j .

A u ` cl
c l q u ` c ` s u i ` h d ù j G u h j s . Ä c p j r ` iiíí j ` c m ê s ` q u d c d o r j h l h ` c l s

h d s i í p u c l s , p ` r l s l c l m j f t ` f í j o j g l i llf
f t r l c s u s i j r j i t ` r í s t di j s ` f a ` r -
m d z j s . C j s h ` c l s l t r l s ` r j f m ê s v d s d o cc`` s y p r l v l i j o j f m ê s t u m u c ttll .

^ l r cl
c l t j f t l , ` r j f m ê s a ê iidd c`
c` s h ` s ` r t r j tj h j s .

F l ` s t j f aaêê iidd c t r j t j r i l f p ` r s l f j s t í m d h j s . J u f q u ` p j r ` z i j f m ê s

ä t d i j s y s l c í iidd t j s q u ` c j m j y l r í j h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s , p l r c l b ` f ` r j c l i u c -

t j f i l f a ccdd i tl
tl s . K j o c jf p l i l , p ` rl p d` f s j f m u i k l . I l m l f l s ` ` x p l -

f ` f , ` s h da
d a ííii dc
d c j y u h j r c j s . ^ j r j ` c ccjj s , c j m ` g l r a l r m j h ` j h m d f d s t r j r c l s

i l f a cd
c d i t l s ` s l i u c t ê f h l c l s . F l t ` f b j t ` m l r fd
fd v ` r b ó ` f z j h ` s u s

i l f a c d i t l s . H ` s d s t j h ` s ` r p ` r aa`` i t l . @
@cc M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j f u f i j ` x ddbb d ù

q u ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s f l aajj c c jr
j r j f 5 p ` r l ` x d b ddùù s í q u ` p ` r h l f j r j f , q u ` t u -
vd`rjf i l m p j s d ù f y j m l r cls u f l s p l r cl s ltrls.

@ s p r l o j o c ` q u ` G u h j s tu v d` r j m ` f l s i l f a cd i tl s q u ` c l s l t r l s h d s -

i í p u cl
c l s , p ` r l ``rr j u f j p ` r s l f j q u ` s ` l i u c t j o j h ` t r ê s h ` u f j j p j r d -

` f i d j ä ttdd ij
ij . Y u s i l m p j ú ` r l s f l c l i l f l i í j f , fd äc m d s m l i l f l i í j s u s

prloc`mjs psíqudils.

@ c s ` b u f h l b r u p l h ` i l f a ccdd i ttll s h ` G u h j s v ` f í j h ` s u a l r m j h ` r ``cc j-

j-

i d l f j r s ` i l f G ` s ÷ s . C l p ` r t u r o j o j f ` s p ` i d j c m ` f t ` c js
js p j r j h l g j s h
h`` c

M j ` s t r l , i u j f h l d oj
o j i l f t r j i u j c q u d ` r r j i d l iidd f d l c ù b d i l y p r ` v d s d oocc ` .

@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s t ` f í j u f j l r j t l r ddjj d m p r ` s d l f j f t ` , p ``rr ll,,

c u ` b l h ` s p u ä s h ` h ` g j r j ccjj s m u c t d t u h ` s ` x t j s d j h j s i l f s u s d h ` j s,
s,

o u s i j o j ` c j f l f d m j t l . Y u p l h ` r h ` j i t u j r ``f
f ``cc m u f h l a í s d i l y s j f j r

` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s k j o r í j h ` g j h l j t ù f d t j s j c j a ís
ís di j y j cj m ` h d i d f j m l h -

` r f j , p ` r l g j m ê s c l u ttdd ccdd zj
z j o j p j r j q u ` ``cc m u f h l s ` h l o c j r j j s u s p d ` s .

Ä c s ` h ` i í j d f m l r ttjj c , p ` r l j f u f i d j o j q u ` m l r d r í j , i l m l ` c m ê s vvdd c h
h``

cls mlrtjc`s, ilcbjhl `f uf mjh`rl. Dfilmlhù j cls cíh`r`s h` Dsrj`c

i l f s u d f t ` ccdd b ``f
f i d j , p ` r l f l t r j t ù h ` i l f v ` f i ` r c l s p j r j q u ` j h k ddrr d ` r j f

j su ijusj.

H d aí i dc m ` f t` j cb u d `f t j f b r j f h ` h ` s p r ` i dj r í j c l s j p c j u s l s k u m j f l s
y `c p l h ` r p l c í t d i l i l m l äc cl k d z l . C l s l g l s t r d s t ` s h ` u f c ` p r l s l ` r j f

m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s p j r j ä c q u ` t ` f ` r `c m u f h l j s u s p d `s . Cj i l m p j s d ù f

p l r u f j m ` r ` t r d z cc`` j r r ` o j t j o j ` c i l r j z ù f m ê s q u ` u f j r ` u f d ù f h `

c ííh
h ` r `s
` s h ` s ` j f h l j i c j m j r c l i l m l rr`` y . 3 Z u d ä f p l h r í j i l m p r ` f h ` r u f

i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l j s í < K j s t j k llyy , m d c ` s h ` g u h í l s j h m d r j f j G ` s ÷ s ,

p ` r l f l cl
c l i l m p r ` f h ` f y f l ccll i l f s d h ` r j f ` c M ` s í j s .

B r j f p j r t ` h ` c j k u m j f d h j h h d i ` s ` b u d r s u s ` f s ` ú j f z j s , p ` r l ccjj

mjylríj fl ilf li` ` s j s i j r j it ` r ís t di j s h ` su p ` r s l f j c dh j h . O jjgg l

iujcqud`r jsp `itl , s`j t`lcùbdil, psdilcùbdil, p s d q u ddêê t r ddii l , slid-

l c ù b d i l l a d ccll s ù ad
a d iill , ` s h d a í i d c i l m p r ` f h ` r c l , p ` r l ` f t l h l s ` c c l s G ` s ÷ s

a u ` `c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s .

Cl qu ` m ` `fijftj i l m l d f v ` s t db
db j h l r h ` cj p s di l c l b í j y h ` cj

a d c l sl
s l a ííjj f l s l f c l s m d c j b r l s a j f t ê s t d i l s q u ` ä c k d z l , s d f l s u i j p j i d -

h j h h ` f l l c v d h j r s ` h ` s u s p r l p d j s r j íi ` s. G ` s ÷ s f j h ù i l f t r j c j i lr rd -

`ft` h` cj dft`c`itujcdhjh. Cj ajmj fl cl s`hugl. Ilftrjrdl j cj brjf

m j y l r í j h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` s ` p d ` r h `f ` f cj a j m j , äc s d ` m p r ` h d l uf j

j t ` f i d ù f ` s p ` i d j c j i j h j s ` r k u m j f l . @f cl s ÷ c t d m l s h í j s j f t ` s h ` s u

m u ` r t ` , ` r j m u y a j m l s l . X ` fí j m d c` s h ` i l s j s i l f q u ä p r ` l i u p j r s ` .

^ `r l j o j f h l f ù t l h l p l r i j u s j h ` u f j m d b l , C ê z jr l ( G u jf f . d ) .

^ j r j G u h j s , G ` s ÷ s ` r j d f i l m p r ` f s d o c ` . @ f c l s p r d m ` r l s t d ` m p l s , ``cc

M j ` s t r l k j o í j s d h l a u ` f t ` h ` j c ` bbrr í j p j r j ä c,
c , p ` r l h ` s p u ä s s ` vl
vl cv dù

u f j a u ` f t ` h ` i l f a ccdd i ttll s . P f j p d ` h r j ` f ` c i j m d f l h ` s u s j m o d i d l f ` s .

G u h j s q u ` r í j i j m o d j r ` c m u f h l ` x t` r dl r

G u h j s q u `r íj q u ` G ` s ÷ s ` cdm df jr j cls s u ar d m d` f t l s h ` Dsrj`c, p` rl

G ` s ÷ s j a d r m j o j q u ` f l k j y f l i k ` s df t l r m ` f t j s , g l r f j h j s sdf l o s t ê i u -

cls, rdsjs sdf cêbrdmjs. ^jrj Guhjs, `c prloc`mj h` su fjidùf `rj cj

i j u td
t d v ddh
h j h h ` c D m p ` r d l _ l m j f l . ^ j r j G ` s ÷ s , ``cc p r l o c ` m j ` r j m u i k l

mês brjv`, `rj cj ijutdvdhjh h` cj `mlidùf, cj iêri`c h` cjs zlfjs h`

i l f a cd
c d i t l q u ` s ` ` f i l f t r j o j f ` f c j s o j s ` s h ` c j m ` m l r d j . @c p r l o c ` m j

` s t j o j ` f cj ` s ` f i d j h ` c s ` r k u m j f l .

G ` s ÷ s h ` i í j , h ` h d s t d f t j s a l r m j s , q u ` `c s ` r k u m j f l s l c l s ` r í j cdor `

s d s ` c d o `r
` r j o j h ` f t r l h ` s í m d s m l , s d s u ` s p íírr d t u ` r j t r j f s a l r m j h l , s d

c j a u ` f t ` h ` s u s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s ` r j r ` f l v j h j , r`
r ` ` si
s i r ddtt j .

C j h ` i ` p i d ù f i l f G ` s ÷ s i r ` ù ` f ``cc ê f d m l h ` G u h j s u f i c d m j a j v l r -

j o c ` p j r j q u ` i r ` i d ` r j f c l s ` s p d f l s . Y u ` f t u s d j s m l , j c ` b r ííjj y s u ` ú l s

d f d i dj
d j cc`` s s ` i l f v d r t d ` r l f ` f p r ` l i u p j i d l f ` s y j f s d ` h j h ` s h ` s j t j f h l
` f s u d f tt`` r ddll r u f j v ` r h j h ` r j c u iik
kj.

^rlvlijoj `fvdhdj cj alrmj `f qu` `c Mj`strl h` cls Mj`strls s`

m j f ` g j o j ` f c l s t ` r r ` f l s h ` c j s l i d l p l c íítt d i j . M j r x t ` f h r í j m u i k l q u `

j p r ` f h ` r h ` äc
ä c . G ` s ÷ s s j o í j q u ` s l c j m ` f t ` u f i j m o d l h ` j h ` f t r l k j i dj
dj

j a u ` r j p u ` h ` s ` r r ` v l ccu
u i d l f j r d l . Z u ` s l c j m ` f t ` ``cc i j m o d l ` f c ls
ls s u ` -

c ls
l s i l f s i d ` f t ` s ` d f i l f s i d ` f t ` s p u ` h ` p r l h u i d r ` c m ê s o ` cccc l aacc l rr`` i ` r

h ` c j ä t ddii j , h ` c j s l ccdd h j r d h j h , h ` c r ` s p ` t l p l r c l s h ` r ` i k l s k u m j f l s yy,,

p r d f i dp
dp j c m ` f t `, h ` u f j m l r m u t u l .

^ l r m u i k l s j ú l s m ` k ` p r ` b u f t j h l p l r q u ä u f hd si í p u cl í ft dm l h `

G ` s ÷ s cl t r j di dl f ù . G ` s ÷ s ` r j s ` b u r l y k l f ` s t l 5 f j h d ` ` x k j c j o j t j f tj

h u c z u rj , b ` f t dc ` z j y s ` r ` f d h j h . @ f cj s p l q u í s d m j s v ` i ` s i u j f h l s `

` f l g ù f l j b r ` h d ù j ccjj s p ` r s l f j s s d f l jjcc s d s t ` m j k d p ùùii r ddtt j ``f

f ``cc qu
qu `

vdvíjf.

« I ù m l G u h j s p u h l t r j d i ddll f j r c l < @ f r ` j c dh
dh j h , j G u h j s c l i l f tr l c j r l f

s u s p r l p d l s i l f a c d i t l s.
s . J f t ` s h ` t r j d i d l f j r j G ` s ÷ s ` x t ` r f j m ` f t ` , yyjj

k j o íj
íj t r j d i dl f j h l cj d m j b ` f h ` G ` s ÷ s q u ` k j o íj i l f s t r u d h l h ` f t r l h `

s í.
í . @ s j d m j b ` f f l ` f i j g j o j i l f c j d m j b ` f h ``cc s j c v j h l r h ` D s rj
r j ` c q u ` äc
s ` k j o í j k ` i k l h ` s h ` ` c p r df
d f i ddpp dl
dl .

M d c` s h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l s h l m d f j o j f `c ` s i ` f j r d l h ` c j m ` f t ` h ` ` s `

glv`f hdsiípu cl. Y ` k jo íj dh`ftdadijhl il f jcbud`f j qud`f f l clbrjoj

` f t` f h` r . I r ` l q u ` j u f q u ` G u h j s g j m ê s h ` g ù h ` j h m d r j r j G ` s ÷ s , f u f -

ij cc`bù j jmjrcl.

C j s c ` i i d l f ` s h ` cj ` s i u ` c j h ` cj v d h j h ` G ` s ÷ s j y u h j r l f j G u h j s j

h`sjrrlccjr su p`rs lfjcdhjh, p`rl fl clbrjrlf kji `r qu ` cl jmjrj.

J m j r ` s `c ` g ` r i d i d l m ê s f l o c ` h ` c cdo r ` j c o ` h r í l . F j h d ` i l f t r l c j c j ` f -

` r b í j h `c
` c j m l r j u f q u ` s í ` s p l s d o c ` l r d ` f t j r c j u l o s t r u d r ccjj . G u h j s t ``f
f íj

q u ` h ` i d h d r s ` j j m j r j G ` s ÷ s . ^ l r c l b ` f ` r j c , ccjj l o s t r u i i d ù f h ``cc j m l r
cj prlhui`f cjs arustrjidlf`s y cjs h`sdcusdlf`s. Yd Guhjs kuod`s`

j o d ` r t l s u i l r j z ù f j G ` s ÷ s , k u o d ` s ` ` x p u ` s t l s u s i l f a c ddii t l s,
s, k u o d ` s `

k j o c j h l h ` s u s j m j r b u r j s , s ` k j o rí j i l f v ` r td h l ` f u f j p j s d l f j h l

p l r `c
`c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h
hjj .

@ c j m l r v ` r h j h ` r l k j i ` q u ` c j p ` r s l f j f u f i j h ` s d s t j h ` c j l tr
t r jj,, p l r

m ê s q u ` ` s t j cj
cj h ` i ` p i d l f ` . M u i k j s p j r ` g j s s ` s ` p j r j f f l p l r q u ` f l

s ` j h m d r ` f , s d f l p l r q u ` f l i l f s d b u ` f k j o c j r h ` s u s a r u s ttrr j i d l f ` s .

Y l c l s ` h j f i u ` f t j q u ` `c m j t r d m l f d l k j i l c j p s j h l i u j f h l u f l h `

c l s h l s p d h ` ``cc h d v l r i d l .

J pjrtdr h ` kly prliur` s`r trjfspjr`ft`, jod`rtl y arjfil ilf

q u d ` f ` s u s t ` h j m j , d f i c u y ` f h l j s u s k d g l s y j s u s j m d b l s . C j a j ct
ct j h `

h d ê cl b l k j i ` q u ` c j s p ` q u ` ú j s p d` h rj s s ` tr j s a l rm ` f ` f m l f t j ú j s .

G ` s ÷ s t j m o d ä f a r u s t r j o j j c l s h ` m ê s h d s i í p u c l s , p ` r l ` ccl s cl j m j -

o j f . F l c l j o j f h l f j r l f p l r m ê s p r l o c ` m j s q u ` t u vvdd `r
`r j f , p l r m ê s

d f i l m p r ` f s d o c ` q u ` a u ` r j s u j i t ddtt u
uhh h ` j m j r j c l s ` f ` m d b l s y v j cl
c l r jjrr

j c l s q u ` v d vvíí j f jjcc m j r b ` f h ` c j s l i d ` h j h .

G u h j s t r j d i d l f ù jc k dg l h ` c k l m o r ` , y f l jc K d g l h ` H d l s . F l ir ` í j
q u ` G ` s ÷ s a u ` r j `c M ` s í j s . J c b u d` f q u ` h ` i í j q u ` m l r dr íj i ru i da di j h l

p l r s j c v j r j cj k u m j f d h j h fl ilr r`sp lf híj j su s `xp`itjtdvjs. Ä

Äcc

`sp` rjoj j uf kärl`. Kj stj k

kll yy,, m u i k l s o u s i j f j c G ` s ÷ s k ä r l ` . T f l

c l ` f i u ` f t r j f p l r q u ` c ``ss r ` s u c t j h da
d a íi
í i ddcc ` f t ` f h ` r q u ` k j y j j c b u d ` f q u `

h ` s p r ` i d ` `c
` c p l h ` r y j m ` c j s i l s j s s ` f i d c cj
cj s y j p j r ` f t ` m ` f t ` h ` s p r ` -

idjoc`s.

G u h j s r ` v ` cj su i l r j z ù f

^ l i l j f t ` s h ` cj t r jd id ù f, s u i ` h d ù j c b l d m p j i t j f t ` . C j a j m j h ` G ` s ÷ s

s ` ` s t j o j v l c v d ` f h l d f i l f t r l c j o cc`` . ^ ` r l , ` f c u b j r h ` k j i ` r r ` u f d l f ` s
p l c ít
í t d iijj s l c ` v j f t j r u f b r j f ` s i ` f j r d l p j r j f u ` v l s y v d o r j f t ` s h d s -

i u r s l s , ` c M j ` s t r l ` s t j o j ` f ccjj i j s j h ` u f k l m o r ` i l f l i d h l i l m l

Y d m ù f , `c c` p r l s l . ^rlojo c`m`ft` `rj, l kjoíj sdhl uf p ` r s l f j g`

h ` s p r ` i d j o c ` j i u y j i j s j f l ` f t r j o j f j h d ` . Y d m ù f ` s t j o j r j h dj f t ` pl r

c j h ` i d s d ù f h ` G ` s ÷ s h ` v d s dt
d t jjrr cc`` ` f s u i j s j . @c k l m o r ` m ê s a j m l s l h `

Dsrj`c cl hdstdfbuíj ilf su jmdstjh.

^ j r j G u h j s , c j k u m d c h j h h ` G ` s ÷ s c ` r ` s u c t j o j y j d f s l p l r t j o c ` 5 s ddf
f

` m o j r b l , ` f t r ù t j m o d ä f i l f cl s h ` m ê s h d s ií p u cl s y l tr j s p ` r s l f j s .

@c j m o d ` f t ` f l ` r j ` c j h ` i u j h l p j r j p ` r s l f j s j m o d i d l s j s . « Z u ä b j -

f j rí
r í j j c b u d ` f p l r s ` f t j r s ` j ccjj m ` s j i l f u f k l m o r ` s l i d j c m ` f t ` r ` i -

k j z j h l < A u ` ` f ` s j i j s j h l f h ` G u h j s r ` v ` ccùù , p l r p r d m ` r j v ` z , c l q u `

k j o í j `f
`f s u i l r j z ù f .

Kj oíj ufj m ug`r ccjmj hj Mjríj. M jríj `rj k`r m jf j h` Cêzjrl. @

@cc c j

j m j o j p r l a u f h j m ` f t ` j G ` s ÷ s y s ` h d l iu ` f tj m ê s q u ` cl s l t rl s h d s -

i í p u c l s q u ` ääcc ` s t j o j v d v d ` f h l s u s ÷ c t d m l s m l m ` f t l s . @ rrjj h d a í i dc
d c iirr ` ` r

q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j o r í j h ` m llrr dr
dr . Y u i l r j z ù f ` s t j o j r l t l . @ f t l f i ` s , i l b d ù c l

q u ` t ` f í j h ` m ê s v j ccll r,
r, u f v j s l h ` j c j o j s tr l i l f t ` f d ` f h l uf p ` r a u m `
i j r ís d m l , cl r l m p d ù y u f b dù c l s p d ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s , ` f g u b ê f h l c l s i l f s u s

i j o ` c cl
cl s ( G u j f :? . 1) .

M j r íj h ` s ` j o j q u ` G ` s ÷ s s ` ` x t js dj rj i l f ` c p ` r au m ` h ` s u j m l r . G u -

h j s , s df
df ` m o j r b l , l o s ` r v j f h l cj ` s i ` f j i l f h ` f ù p ÷ o c d i j m ` f t ` su

j i td
t d tu
tu h . @ rj m u i k l h d f ` r l p j r j s ` r h ` s p ` r h d i d j h l . J p j r ` f t j f h l u fj

ä t d i j y u f j ` s p d r d t u j ccdd h j h q u ` f l t ` f ííjj , h d ggll q u ` ` c p ` r a u m ` h ` o d ù h `

k j o ` r s ` v ` f h d h l y `c h d f ` r l ` f t r ` b j h l j c l s p l o r ` s . Y u r ` j i i d ù f a u `

t ` j t r j c y a j cs
cs j , p u ` s p j r j ` f t l f i ` s , y j v ` f í j r l o j f h l h ` c h d f ` r l h ` c j s

l a r ` f h j s h ` s t d f j h j s j s l s t ` f ` r ccjj p ` q u ` ú j i l m d t ddvv j h ` G ` s ÷ s .

C j s m u g ` r ` s s l f m ê s ` s p l f t ê f ` j s , s l c í id
i d tj
t j s , b ` f t d c`
c` s , hù i d c ` s q u `
c ls
l s k l m o r ` s . @ cc
cc j s s ` h l f j f , s ` ` f t r ` b j f , p r l t ` b ` f y s ` p r ` l i u p j f

m ê s h ` c l s h ` m ê s q u ` c l s k l m o r ` s . ^ l r ` s l, s ` b ÷ f c js ` s tj h í s td i j s h `

cj p s d q u d j t r í j , ` c c j s s ` ` x p l f ` f m ê s y s ` ` f a ` r m j f m ê s q u ` c l s k l m -

or`s. Mjríj jmjoj dft`fsjm`ft` j G`s÷s. Fl p`fsù `f `ccj sdfl `f `c

h l c l r y ` f ` c s j i rd
r d a ddii d l h ` c M j ` s t r l . ^ l r ` s l , k d z l j c b l d ccùù b d i l , j c b l

q u ` s l c l ` c j m l r p u ` h ` ` x ppcc di
d i jjrr .

Y ` j i l r h ù h ` c l q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j i íj p l r c l s h ` s v j c dh l s . Q d l j m j h r ` s

s j c d ` f h l h ``cc i j l s h ` c j t r d s tt`` z j k j i d j u f l j s d s h ` j c ` b r í j.
j . J p j r j c í t di
di l s

s j c t j f h l i l m l f d ú l s , j c ` p r l s l s s j c d ` f h l h ` c j o u r o u ggjj h ` c j s l c ` h j h ,

j p r ` s l s p l r ` c m d ` h l v l c v ` r j s llf
f r ``íí r.
r. @ f t l f i ` s , i l m p r ù u f p ` r a u m ` ,

u t dc
d c d z j f h l p j r j ` c c l c l s j k l r r l s h ` s u v d h j , y cl
c l h ` r r j m ù s l o r ` c l s p d`
d` s

h ` G ` s ÷ s . @ c p ` r a u m ` k j o c j r ííjj m ê s q u ` c j s p j c j o r j ss..

Jc
Jc i l f h ` f j r j M j r í j , G u h j s p j r ` i í j ` s t j r p r ` l i u p j h l p l r c l s p l -

o r ` s , p ` r l cj
cj v ` r h j h ` s q u ` s l c l p ` f s j o j ` f s í m d s m l . Y u s p j c j o r j s

t r j di
d i d l f j r l f s u i l r j z ù f . H í j s h ` s p u ä s , k j o r ííjj h ` ` f t r ` b j r j G ` s ÷ s p llrr

t r ` d f t j m l f ` h j s h ` p c j ttjj . @ c p r ` i d l h ` ccjj t r j d i ddùù f a u ` u f j s h l s v ` i ` s

m ` f l s q u ` ``cc p ` r a u m ` h ` M j r ííjj . @ r j ``cc p r ` i d l h ` u f ` s i c j v l ( M j t ` l

?1 . : 8 ).
@ c k l m o r ` q u ` h d v d h d ù ccjj k d st
s t l r d j a u ` t r j d i d l f j h l p l r `c
`c p r ` i d l h ` u f

`sicjvl. Äc sd`mpr` kjoíj sdhl uf sd`rvl. Jklrj, `f su mu`rt`,

j s u m d r í j cj
cj i l f h d i d ù f q u ` s d ` m p r ` q u d s l s ` r 7 u f ` s i c j v l h ` c j k u -

m j f d h j h . « ^ l r q u ä G u h j s c l t r j d i d l f ù p l r u f p r ` i ddll t j f o j g l < ^ l r q u `

fl pcjf`ù su trjdidùf. Yu trjdidùf au` jcbl h` ÷ctdmj klrj, ufj h`-

i d s d ù f t l m j h j ` f m ` h d l h ` u f j b r j f p ` r t u r o j i d ù f f l l o s t j f t ` q u ` ``cc

i l f a c di
di t l v ` f í j b ` s t ê f h l s ` h ` s h ` k j i í j m ` s ` s .

@ c i ccdd m j ` f G ` r u s j c ä f s ` k j o í j t l r f j h l t ` f s l . G ` s ÷ s y j f l i l f s ` b u í j

jfh jr ilf cd o` rt jh sdf s`r js` hdjh l pl r brj fh `s m uctdtuh`s. Cl s

 m d ` m o r l s h `c Y j f ` h r íf cl m l c ` s t j o j f , ` f t j f t l q u ` `c b l o d ` r f l i l c l -

i j h l p l r _ l m j ` s t j o j il f a u f h d h l . Gu h j s f l t ` fí j t d ` m p l p jr j p ` f s j r

j c p u f t l q u ` p u h l k j o ` r ` s t j h l c ddss t l p j r j t r j d iidd l f j r c l jjcc p r ` i d l q u `

k j yj
y j s d h l . « ^ l r q u ä < ^ l r q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j o í j h ` g j h l h ` s ` r ``cc k l m o r ` h `

s u s s u ` ú l s . C j a r u s t r j i d ù f i ` r r ù c j s v ` f t j f j s h ` s u d f t `c
` c db
db ` f
fii d j .

G u j f `c O j u t d s t j t u v l q u ` ` s p ` r j r t r ` s h ä i j h j s p l r `c k l m o r ` h ` s u s

s u ` ú l s . ^ jjrr j G u h j s , s d f ` m o j r b l , o j s t j r l f p l i l m ê s h ` t r ` s j ú l s

p j rj
r j q u ` s ` h ` i ` p i d l f j r j . G u h j s o u s i j o j j u f c ``ùù f , p ` r l G ` s ÷ s ` r j u
uff

i l r h ` r l . Y d u s t ` h k u o d ` s ` v d v d h l ` f j q u ` c ccjj ä p l i j y k u o d ` s ` s d h l u f

s`budh lr h` G`s÷s , ¼ ` s ttjj r ííjj h ` i ` p i d l f j h l h ` ä c < H ` u f j m j f ` r j u

l t r j , t l h l s c ls
l s h d s i í p u c l s s ` h ` i ` p i d l f j r l f . ^ j r j ` cccc l ss,, c j i r u z ` r j

dfilfi`odoc` ` dfilm pr`fsdoc`.

M u i k l s s ` h ` i ` p i d l f j r l f i l f I r ddss t l p l r q u ` , h ` s p u ä s h ` s ` b u d rc
rc l ,

s u s p r l o c ` m j s ` x t` r fl s j u m ` f t j r l f . L t r l s t j f t l s s ` j c `g jr l f h ` H dl s

p l r q u ` s u s l r j i d l f ` s f l a u ` r l f i l f t ` s t j h j s ` f ` c m l m ` f t l q u ` c js
js

k d id
id `r l f fd h ` cj a l r m j q u ` h ` s ` j o j f .

@c j f ê c d s d s h ` c j s o d l b r j a í j s h ` G ` s ÷ s h ` m u ` s t r j q u ` q u d ` f o u s i j j
H d l s j i j m o d l h ` j c b l i l f i r ` t l , p u ` h ` a r u s ttrr j r s ` . Z u d ` f c l o u s i j p llrr

cl q u ` Ä
Äcc ` s , ` f i u ` f t r j p j z , p u ` s j c i j f z j s ` b u r d h j h ` f m ` h d l h
h`` c

m d ` h l , a u ` r z j ` f c j h ` o d ccdd h j h , i l f s u ` c l ` f c j s c ê b r d m j s , h ` s i j f s l ` f

cjs pärhdhjs.

G u h j s p r ` t ` f h í j t r j d i d l f j r c l y GG`` s ÷ s p r ` t ` f h í j i l f q u d s t j r c l

G ` s ÷ s t u v l cj l s j h í j h ` i l f a d j r j G u h j s cj o l c s j h ` cjs h l f j i d l f ` s . 3

^lr qu ä< ^lrqu` h `s` joj qu ` Guhjs r ``vv ddvv dd`` rj

r j s u k d s t l rrdd j m d ` f t r j s

i u d h j o j h ` c j s a d f j f z j s h ``cc b r u p l . @ c M j ` s t r l f u f i j p d h ddùù j ccjj b ` f t `

iu`ftj plr cls `rrlr`s qu` ilm`td`rlf. Fufij `xdbdù j cjs m`r`trdi`s
q u ` c ` k d i d ` r j f u f j r ` ccjj i d ùf
ùf h ` q u d ä f ` s y i u ê f t l s k l m o r ` s s ` k j o íj f

j i l s t j h l i l f ` c ccjj s.
s. J G u h j s g j m ê s cl j i u s ù h ` c j hr ù f.

G ` s ÷ s f l t ` m í j p ` r h ` r ` c h d f ` r l r l o j h l p l r G u h j s . X ` m í j p ` r h ` r jc

p r l p d l GGu
u h j s . Y j o í j q u ` q ud `f ` s h ` s k l f ` s t l s ` r l o j j s í m d s m l 5 s `
rloj su p r l p d j t r j f q u d c d h j h , s u s ` r ` f d h j h , ` c j m l r p l r cj
c j v d h j.
j . @c

i l r j z ù f h ` G u h j s ` s t j o j ` f a ` r m l . F l j m j o j j G ` s ÷ s fd s ` j m j o j j s í

m d s m l . C l s t rj s t l r f l s h ` p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` G u h j s , t d pd ad i j hl s p l r cl s

` s p d f l s , ` r j f s u b rj f p r u ` o j .

@ c k l m o r ` m ê s ` f a ` r m l f l ` s ``cc q u ` t d ` f ` c j p ` l r ` f a ` r m ` h j h , s d f l

` c q u ` f l r ` i l f l i ` q u ` ` s t ê ` f a ` r m l . @c m j y l r ` r r l r h ` G u h j s f l a u `

c j t r jd
j d i ddùù f , s d f l ` c f l s ` r i j p j z h ` r ` i l f l i ` r s u s p r l p d j s c d m d ttjj i d l f ` ss,,

` f f l j p r ` f h ` r iill f ` c M j ` s t r l q u ` c l s m j y l r ` s p r l o c ` m j s k u m j f l s

` s t ê f ` f ccjj i j g j h ` s ` i r ` t l s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h .

C j j i td
td t u
uhh h ` G ` s ÷ s h ` g j d f t r d b j h j s j c j p s dq
d q u d j t r í j y ccjj p s d i l c l b í j . @ f

c j × c t ddm
m j I ` f j , G ` s ÷ s j f u f i d ù s u m u ` r t ` y h d gl
g l , i l f ` c i l r j z ù f r lltt l,
l,

q u ` u f l h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s c l t r j ddii d l f j r í j . X l h l s h ` s ` j o j f s j o ` r `c
`c

f l m o r ` h `c
` c t r jd
j d hl
h l r.
r. ^ ` r l G ` s ÷ s f l ` x p l f í j p ÷ o c d i j m ` f t ` c l s ` r r l r` s
h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s . @ ccc c ls
l s d f s ddss t d ` r l f . @ f t l f i ` s G ` s ÷ s h d l u f p ` h j z l h `

p j f j s u t rrjj dh
d h llrr . F j h d ` s ` h d l i u ` f t j h ` c l q u ` ` s t j o j s u i ` h d ` f h l , s l -

c l G u h j s . G ` s ÷ s c l m d r ù y c ` h ddgg l7
l 7 « C l q u ` t d ` f ` s q u ` k j ii`` r , k j z c l p r l f -

t l µ ( G u j f : 9 .?
.? 2 ) .

Ä c p u h l r ` p r ` f h ` r , v l i d a`
a ` r j r , i r d t d i j r h u r j m ` f t ` j c t r j ddh
h l r , p ` r l ``f
f

cubjr h` ` sl c` lar`idù uf trl zl h` pjf. d Z u d ä f , ` f c j k d st

s t l r ddjj h `c
`c

k l m o r ` , t u v l u f j j i td
t d ttu
u h s ` m ` g j f t ` < C j m j y l r í j h ` cj
cj b ` f t ` ` c d m d f j j

c ls
l s q u ` s ` c ``ss l p l f ` f . ^ ` r l G ` s ÷ s f l c l k d z l j ssíí 5 m ê s o d ` f c ` l a r ` i d ù j

G u h j s cj l tr j m ` gdccj . G ` s ÷ s j m j o j j s u s ` f ` m d b l s .

@ f ` c i j s l h ` G u h j s , c l q u ` t ` m í j f l ` r j s ` r t r j d i d l f j h l p l r ä c ssdd f l
p ` r h ` rrcc l.
l . G u h j s s j ccdd ù h ` c ` s i ` f j r d l . Y u m ` f t ` ` s t j o j o c l q u ` j h j . Y u

` m l i d ù f t ` f s j y j f b u s t d j h j c ` d m p ` h í j p ` f ssjj r . C j s i l m p u t j h l r j s f l

t d ` f ` f `c
` c a j f t ê s t ddii l m u f h l h ` c j ` m l i d ù f , p l r ` s l s l f c do
d o rr`` s p j rrjj

j o r d r s u s j r i k d v l s . ^ l r s ` r d f i l m p j r j o c ` m ` f t ` m ê s i l m p c ` g l , ``cc s ` r
k u m j f l f l t d ` f ` ` s j c ddoo ` r t j h . C j ` m l i d ù f h ` t ` r m d f j ` c b r j h l h ` j p ` r -

t u r j h ` c l s j r i k d v l s ` x d s tt`` f i d j c ` s . C j ` m l i d ù f f l s c do
d o ``rr ttjj l f l s ` f i j r -

i ` cj
c j . C j s p ` r s l f j s m ê s c ÷ i d h j s , d f i c u y ` f h l j c l s ddf
f t ` c `i t u j c `s , r ` j i -

i d l f j f i l m l f d ú l s o j g l ``cc i j c l r h ``cc ` s t r ä s .

K j i í j m ` s ` s q u ` c j ` m l i d ù f h ` G u h j s k j o í j l o s t r u d h l c l s p r ddf
f id -

p j c `s j r i k d v l s h ` s u m ` m l r d j , d m p d h d ` f h l c j i l f s t r u i i d ù f h ` i j h ` -

f j s h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l s d f t ` c ddbb ` f t ` s . G u h j s y j f l ` r j m ê s c d o rr`` ` f s u

m ` f t ` . C l s ` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l s h ` G` s ÷ s y j f l p r l h u i íj f `c m d s m l d m -

p j i t l . D f t` r p r` t jo j b ` s t l s y p j c j o r j s h ` c M j ` s t r l i l f b r j f h ` s h d s tl r -

sdlf`s.

@ c Y j f ` h r í f p r ``aa ` rríí j f l j r r ` s t j r j G ` s ÷ s p ÷ o c d i j m ` f t ` . @ c t ` m l r j

u f j s u o c ` v j i d ù f h ` c j b ` f t ` ` r j b r j f h ` . I l f c j j p j r d i d ù f h ` G u h j s , s df
df

` m o j r b l , s ` ` f i ` f h d ù u f j c u z . ^ l h r í j f j r r ` s t j r ccll ` f u f c u b j r j ddss c j h l .
T u f j v ` z j r r ` s t j h l , s ` r í j p l s d o c ` m l f t j r u f g u d i d l r ê p d h l s d f q u ` `c

p u ` o c l s ` h d `r j i u ` f t j h ` cl q u ` ` s t j o j l i u r r d` f h l . @ r j u f j l p l r t u -

fdhjh ÷fdij.

@ f ``cc m l m ` f t l h ` c j t r j d i d ù f , G ` s ÷ s v l c v d ù j h ` m l s t r j r q u ` ` s t j o j

o u s i j f h l r ` i l f q u d s t j r j G u h j s , h ê f h l c ` l t rrjj l p l r t u f d h j h p j r j r ` p ` f -

s j r s u j i t d t u h . G u h j s v d f l j c a r ``f
ft` h
h`` c p ` c l t ù f h ` s l c h j h l s y c l o ` s ù .

G`s÷s s` h`gù o`sjr. J u f q u ` ilfaufhdhl, Guhjs r`ilflidù j su

Mj`strl. Ojstjoj uf o`sl pjrj dh`ftdadijrcl. Yjoíj qu` fl s`ríj

r`pr`fhdhl. Ilml ilm`ftä `f ltrls t`xtls h` `stj ilc`iidùf, G`s÷s

t u v l u f j j i t d t u h ÷ f d i j . M d r ù jc
j c t r j d h l r y ccll c c j m ù j m d b l (Mjt`l
?1.0>).
@ c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s b l c p ` ù ``cc i l r j z ù f h ` G u h j s i l f s u

jmlr. Gj m ês jcbu
udd ` f j m ù t j f ttll , j i ` p t ù t j f t l , i r ` y ù t j f ttll , h d l t j f t j s

l p l r t u f d h j h ` s j p ` r s l f j s q u ` s l c l m ` r ` i íj f `c h ` s p r ` i dl . G u h j s f l
` s p ` r j o j ` s ` b l c p ` . Y j ccdd ù h ` c ` s i ` f j r d l p ` r p c ` g l .

Cjs p`rslfjs qu` kdid`rlf bu`rrjs h`a`fhd`fhl `c irdstdjfdsml, il-

m l ` f c j s I r u z j h j s , c j s k d i d ` r llf
f ` f ``cc f l m o r ` h ` u f I r d s t l d m j b d -

f j r d l , d r r`
r ` j c . @c
@c I r d s t l r ` j c a u ` ` c q u ` j m ù j s u t r j d h l r . @
@cc I r d s t l r ``jj c

a u ` `c
` c q u ` k d z l c l i u r j s h ` j m l r p l r i j h j s ` r k u m j f l . A u`
u` `c q u ` tu v l

`c i l r j g ` h ` l cv d h j r s u h l c l r p j r j p ` f s j r ` f `c h l c l r h ` c l t r l , j u f q u `

`c l t r l a u ` r j u f v ` r h u b l .

Yd G`s ÷s ccjmù j su trjdhlr jm dbl , ¼ qudäf plhríj h`i`pidlfj rcl<

¡ F j h d ` ! d Z u ä ` r r l r f ` i ` s d t j i l m ` t ` r u f j p ` r s l f j i l f t r j äc
äc p j r j k j i -

` r cl
c l h ` s d s t d r h ` ` cc
c c j<
j < F d f b u f l . C j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` c M j ` s t r l v j h ` ttjj c

a l r m j ` f i l f t r j h ` f u ` s t r j c ùùbb d i j q u ` g j m ê s p l h r í j s ` r u f j l o r j h `

a di
d i i dù
dù f . G ` s ÷ s f l i j o ` ` f c j d m j b d f j i d ù f k u m j f j .

M u r d ` f h l p l r t l h l s cl s tr j dh l r ` s

@f c j s a d ` s t j s r ` c d b d l s j s h ` m d f d ú ` z vd j p ` r s l f j s i l f s t r u d r m u ú ` -

i l s h ` G u h j s y b l c p ` j r c l s . J c llss l g l s h ` ` s j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` s ` h ` i í j f

i r d s t d j f j s , G u h j s h ` o í j s ` r b l c p ` j h l y k ` rd
rd h l . ^ `r l , j c l s l g l s h `

G`s÷ s, Guh js h`oíj s`r j il bdh l y j m p jrjh l .

@ c s d b f da
da d i j h l h ` cj m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s ÷ s ` s t ê ` f v u ` c t l ` f u f m j f t l h `

m d s t ` r d l q u ` p ` r t u r o j j cj
c j iidd ` f id
i d j . Y ` b ÷ f ` c p r l p d l G ` s ÷ s , ääcc ` s t j o j

i u m p c d ` f h l h ` c j f t ` h ` H d l s i l f i j h j u f l h ` c l s i ù h d b l s g u r íh d i l s y

ä t di l s j a j v l r h ` t l h l s c l s s ` r ` s k u m j f l s C js h ` u h j s p j r j i l f H dl s

s ` r í j f ` c d m d f j h j s i l f s u s j iirr d a d i d ll.. Ä c m u r d ù p l r t l h l s c l s q u ` a j cccc jf

jf ,
f d ` b j f , t r j ddii d l f j f .

@f tl hl s `s tls j úls , jt`fhd`f hl pj id`ft`s `f ccjj i l f s u c t j h`

psdqudjtríj y p`squdsjfhl cls s`ir`tls h` cj m`ft` kumjfj, h`siuorí

q u ` t l h l s f l s l tr l s t ` f ` m l s u f p l il h ` G u hj s . 3 Z u d äf p lh ríj j s ` -
b u r j r q u ` f l ` s u f t r j ddh
h l r < P s t ` h p u ` h ` f l k j o ` r t r j d i d l f j h l j f jjh
h dd`` ,

p ` r l h d a í i ddcc m ` f t ` f l s ` t r j d i ddll f ù j u s t ` h m d s m l . « I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s k j

h d i k l q u ` s `r íj u f j p ` r s l f j p j i d `f t ` , p ` r l u f j p ` q u ` ú j l a ` f s j l

i l f t r j r d ` h j h o c l q u ` ù s u d f t ` c ddbb ` f i d j y c l c c`
c ` v ù j ccjj ddrr j < P s t ` h t r j d i d l f ù

su d f t ` f i ddùù f . 3 I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s , h ` s p u ä s h ` u f j i t l h ` df
d f aadd h ``cc d hj
hj h
h,,

p r l m ` t d ù q u ` ` s l f l s ` r ` pp`` td
t d rí
r í j,
j, p ` r l t ` r m d f ù k d r d `f h l l t r j v ` z j cjs

p ` r s l f j s q u ` m ê s j m j o j < P s t` h t r jd id l f ù s u p r l m ` s j . ¼ I u ê f t j s v ` -

i ` s h d g l q u ` f l cccc ` vvjj r í j s u s p r l o c ` m j s j ccjj i j m j , p ` r l t ` r m d f ù k j -

i d ` f h l h ` `ccj u f j p c j zj h ` b u ` r r j< P s t ` h t r jd id lf ù s u s u ` ú l . 3 I u ê f -

t j s v ` i ` s p r l m ` t d ù q u ` s l f r ` d r ííjj m ê s , s ` r ííjj m ê s o d ` f k u m l r j h l , ccdd -

v d j f l y cdor`, p ` r l s u s p r l m ` s j s f l r ` s d s t d ` r l f jc i j c l r h ` c l s p r l o -

c`m js< Pst`h tr j d i dl f ù j su i j c dh j h h` v dh j. T l m dsm l m` k`

t r j d i d l f j h l m ê s h ` u f j v ` z . @ s aaêê iidd c s ` r v ` r h u b l h ` u f l m d s m l .
¡ I u ê f t l s h ` f u ` s t r l s s u ` ú l s a u ` rl f j o j f h l f j h l s ! X r j di d lf j m l s

f u ` s t r l s s u ` ú l s h ` c j f d ú ` z y h ` cj g u v ` f t u h . ^ r l m ` t ` m l s c u ik j r pl r

fu`strls dh`jc`s, hjr uf s`ftdhl floc` j fu`strj vdhj, vjclrjr cjs

i l s j s ` s ` f i dj c` s , p` r l b j s t j m l s u f j ` f ` rb íj h ` s i l m u f j c ` f i l s j s

l r h d f j r ddjj s . _ j r j m ` f t ` r l m p ` m l s c j r d b d h ` z h ` f u ` s t r j j b ` f h j p jjrr j

k j i ` r j c b l q u ` f l s h ä p c jjii ``rr , f l s r `c
` c j g`
g` y f l s ` f i j f t ` . Y u a r d m l s p l r

p r l o c ` m j s q u ` f l l i ur rd `r l f, f l s p r ` l i u p j m l s h ` m j s d j h l p l r cj s

i r í td
t d ij
i j s h ` c l s h ` m ê s , k j i ` m l s h ` i l s j s d f s d b f da
d a d i j f t ` s u f i l fa
f a ccdd it
i t l.
l.

Y l m l s u f l s t rj dh l r `s . @
@cc M j ` s t r l h ` ccjj Q d h j ` s t j o j m u r d ` f h l t j m -

o dä
dä f p l r t l h l s f l s l t r l s .
 ¼ I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s g u z b j m l s j f u ` s t r l s k d g ls
ls , j m d b l s , i l m p j ú ` r l s h `

t r j o j gl , s d f p ` r id od r q u ` cl q u ` f l s l a r ` i ` f ` s c l m ê x d m l q u ` k jf

i l f s ` b u d h l ` f j q u` c m l m ` f t l < ¼ I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s f l c l b r j m l s ` f t ` f -

h ` r q u ` c j s p ` r s l f j s ` s t ê f p d h dd`` f h l j y u h j y i l m p r ` f s d ù f i l f s u s
i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s b r l t ` s i l s < @ f c u b j r h ` ` f t ` f h ` r c l s y j y u hj r c` s , c` s

t d r j m l s p d ` h r j s . ¡ I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s ` x d b d m l s h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s c l q u ` ` c c js
js

f l ` s tê f ` f i j p j i d h j h h ` h j r! Y l m l s p u f d t d vl s y j u t l p u f dt dv l s . F l

t ` f ` m l s i l m p j s d ù f h ` c l s h ` m ê s fd h ` f l s l t r l s m d s m l s .

¼ I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s t r j d i d l f j m l s j H d l s < F l c l v ` m l s f d cl
cl t l i j m l s

a í s d i j m ` f t ` y p l r ` s l ` s m u y aaêê iidd c t r j ddii d lf

l f j r ccll . P f l s i j m o d j f j H d l s

p l r b r j f h ` s s u m j s h ` h d f ` r l 5 l t r l s , p l r u f j i j f t d h j h m ` f l r q u ` ccjj

h ` G u h j s . P f l s c ` v l c t ` j f c j ` s p j c h j i u j f h l j c i j f z j f ` c ä x ddtt l5
l5 l t r l s c l

f d ` b j f i u j f h l a r j i j s j f , i u c p ê f h l c l p l r ccll q u ` Ä c f u f i j k d z l .

¼ I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s v ` f h ` m l s c js s ` m d cc j s h ` G ` s ÷ s , s u s i j r í s d m j s p j c -

j o r j s , p l r u f p r ` i d l m ` f l r q u ` ` c h ` u f j m ` r i j f i í j ` f c j a ` r d j<
j < @c
@c

j m l r , cj
c j t l c ` r j f i d j , ``cc p ` r h ù f , c j k l s p d t j c d h j h , ``cc j a ` i t l , ccjj i l m p r ` f -

s d ù f , c j i j p j i d h j h h ` h j r s ` s df
df ` s p ` r j r f j h j j i j m o d l , c j i j p j i d h j h
h` p`fsjr jft`s h` r`jiidlfjr slf tlhjs s`mdccjs ufdv`rsjc`s qu`

r ` p r ` s ` f t j f ` c ê p d i ` h ` c js
j s j s p d r j i d l f ` s k u m j f j s . @ s t ê f ` f `c
`c t l p ` h `

cl q u ` ` s p ` r j f j c i j f z j r c l s k ` i k d i ` r l s h ` c j s t r d o u s d f h í b ` f j s , cls

c íh
í h ` r`
r ` s h ` c j s t r d o u s j a r d i j f j s , c l s q u ` h d a u f h ` f c js
js ` f s ` ú j f z j s h `

I l f a u i d l , h ` c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s h ` O u h j y h ` c j s m ` g l r ` s d h ` j s h ` ccll s

adcùslals.

J p ` s j r h ` G ` s ÷ s k j o ` r sdf t`tdzjhl cls h ` s ` l s au f h j m ` f tj c` s h`

t l h l s c l s p u ` o cl s h ` t l h l s cl s t d ` m p l s , m u i k j s v ` i ` s h ` s p r ` i d j m l s

s u k d s t l r ddjj , j s í i l m l c l k d z l G u h j s . F l j f j c d z j m l s s u s p j c j o r j s i l f

cj p r l a u f h d h j h q u ` s ` m ` r ` i ` f .
 X l h l s s j o ` m l s q u ` u f h íj m l r d r ` m l s , q u ` cj v d h j `s ` aí m ` r j . @f

u f m l m ` f t l s l m l s f d ú l s 5 ` f ` c l ttrr ll,, j f i d j f l s . ^ ` r l v d v d m l s i l m l

sd auärjmls dfmlrtjc`s. ^lsplf`mls cj o÷squ`hj h` cj sjodhuríj.

^r`b uftjm ls7 « H d l s 7 d q u d ä f ` s u s t ` h < 3 @ s u s t ` h r ` j c < µ X l m j m l s ``cc

m`glr j f t do
d o d ù t d il
il i u j f h l ` stjm ls `f a`rmls, o us ij m ls ``cc m`glr

m`iêfdil pjrj jrr`bcjr `c mltlr h`c jutl, ilftrlcjmls iudhj-

hlsjm`ft` `c sjchl h` cj iu`ftj ojfijrdj, p`rl fl fls pr`liupjmls

` f h ` s j r r l c c j r f u ` s t r j d f t ` c d b ` f i ddjj ` s p ddrr d ttu

u j c, ` f o u s i j r j H d l s h ` a l r -

mj dft`cdb`ft`.

C j m j y l rí j h ` f l s l t r l s ` s t ê o j m l s , h ` j c b u f j al r m j , s d ` f h l r` p r ` -

s`ftjhj plr Guhjs. G`s÷s ml ríj plr tlhl s cls qu` m j f i k j r l f cj

p r l p d j k d sstt l r ddjj i l f j c b ÷ f t d p l h ` t r j d i d ùùf

f . G u h j s cl t r j d i d l f ù y G ` s ÷ s c l

p ` r h l f ù . ^ ` r l s u r b d ù uf
u f b r j f p r l o c ` m j 7 ¼ Y ` r ííjj G u h j s i j p j z h ` p ` r -

hlfjrs`<

@ c su
s u d i dh
dh d l h ` G u h j s

G ` s ÷ s q u ` r í j p r l t ` b ` r cl s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s h ` G u h j s i u j f h l cl c cj m ù
j m d b l . C ` p r ` l i u p j o j s u s ` f t d h l h ` i u c p j . Y j o í j q u ` ``cc h d s i í p u c l ss``

d oojj j t lr
l r tu
tu rj r. F j h j t l r tu r j tj f t l j u f j p ` r s l f j i l m l ` c p ` s l h ` s u

i l f i d ` f i d j . F j h j p ` r t u rroo j m ê s q u ` s ` f t ddrr s ` d f h d b f l h ` s ` b u d r v d vvdd ` f -

h l . C j i r í td
t d iijj h ` c l s h ` m ê s t j c v ` z s ` j s l p l r t j o c ` , p ` r l f u ` s t r l j u t l

i j s t d b l p u ` h ` s ` r d ft
f t llcc ``rr j o c`
c` .

@f c l s m l m ` f t l s h da
d a íi
í i ddcc `s
`s , `c M j ` s t r l ` r j u f k l m o r ` s ` b u r l y

` q u dc do r j h l . Y u j m l r p l r G u h j s f l i j o ` `f c j d m j b d f j i d ù f k u m j f j .

Y j o í j q u ` G u h j s f l ` rj u f p s d i ù p j t j q u ` k d ` r` y m j t j s d f s ` f s d o d -

cdzjrs` ilf `c hl clr h ` cj víitdm j f

fdd j c b u d ` f q u ` p u h d ` r j v d v d r s d f u f

s ` f t d m d ` f t l h ` i u c p j . ^ j o c l , ` c h d s i í p u c l ttjj r h ííll , t ` f íj
íj u f j j b r ` s d v dh j h
y u f j v dl c ` f i dj m u i k l m j y l r ` s q u ` c j s h `c trjdh lr. G u h j s ` r r j o j m u -

i k l , p ` r l ` r j uf
u f k l m o r ` s ` f s d o c ` . @c
@ c s ` f t d m d ` f t l h ` i u c p j p l r ccjj

t r j di
d i d ù f s ` r íj
íj cj m j y l r p r u ` o j h ` s u v dh j .

Y d G u h j s k u o d ` s ` q u d t j h l c l s ` s p d f l s k j o rí
r í j ` f i l f t r j h l ``cc p ` r h ù f y
` c j m l r h ` G ` s ÷ s y s ` b u r j m ` f t ` k j o r í j s d h l u f l h ` c ls
l s p r ddf
f i ddpp j cc`` s

p ` r s l f j g ` s ` f t r ` c ls
l s m ê s d cu
cu s t r ` s i r d s t d j f l s h
h`` c p r d m ` r s ddbb c l . Q d l j

G` s ÷ s s` r jrr `stj h l plr su i j u sj sdf h `a`f h ` r s`, m l s tr j f h l s`r`fdh jh

` f uf m l m ` f t l h ` d f m ` f s j j b d tj i dù f . X l h l s ` s t j o j f o jg l a u ` rt ` t ` f -

s d ù f 7 G u h j s , c j ` s i l c t j y c ls
ls h d s i í p u c l s . Y l c j m ` f t ` G ` s ÷ s i l f t r l c j o j

s u s ` m l i d l f ` s . Y l c l ä c t ` f í j i l f t r llcc s l o r ` s u s d m p u c s l s .

^ ` r l j c f l k j i ` r c l y, ` f i j m o d l , j c ` g j r s ` , s ` p u s l j r `a
` a c ` x dl
dl f j r s l o r `

`c i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l h ` G ` s ÷ s 5 ` f t l f i ` s i l m ` f z ù j j f b u s t d j r s ` . Y ` h d l

i u ` f t j q u ` k j o í j t r j d i d l f j h l s j f b r ` d f l ii`` f t ` 5 q u ` k j o í j t r j d i d l f j h l jjcc

m ê s d f l i` f t ` h ` t l h l s c l s k l m o r ` s . P f j j f b u s td j h r j m ê t di j p ` f` tr ù

` f ` c t ` r r d t l r dl
d l h ` s u s ` m l i d l f ` s , o c l q u ` j f h l c l s p r d f iidd p j c`
c` s j r i k d v l s

h ` s u m ` m l r d j . F l c l b rj o j p ` f s j r j h ` i u j h j m ` f t ` . F l p l hí j ` f i l f -

trjr `f cls jrikdvls oclq u`j hls cjs s`mdccjs h` p` rhùf, j m lr y

i l m p r ` f s d ù f q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j o í j s ` m o r j h l . F ` i ` s d t j o j r ` i l r h j r cj

p j r ê o l c j h ` c k ddgg l p r ù h d b l , c j s p j c j o r j s h ` c Y ` r m ù f h ` c M l f t ` , c j s p j c -

j o r j s ` f ` c m l m ` f t l h ` c j t r j d i d ù f , p ` r l cl
cl s a ` f ù m ` f l s q u ` i l f -

s t r u y ` f i j h ` f j s h ` p ` f s j m d ` f t l s s ` j p l y j r l f ` f c jjss o j s ` s ` f a ` r m j s

h ` s u m ` m l r d j . T c j i u c p j c l iill f t rrll c ù .

¼ I u ê f t l s , ` f ` s t ` ` x j i t l m l m ` f t l ` f q u ` u s t ` h ` s t ê c ` y ` f h l ` s t`
t`

c d o r ll,, s ` `stêf tlrturjfhl p l r `c s ` f t d m d ` f t l h ` iucpj< Y ` i r ` `f

d f h d b f l s h ` s ` b u d r v d v d ` f h l , h ` ` xxdd s td
td r . P f j h l s d s suj v` h` s` f -

t d m d ` f t l h ` i u c p j p u ` h ` b ` f ` r j r u f j r ` a c`
c ` xxdd ùf
ùf y i j m o d l h ` r u
utt jj.. ^ ` r l

u f j h l s d s j cctt j ` s i j p j z h ` p r l h u i d r j u t l h ` s t r u i i d ù f .
 G u h j s f l s l p l r t ù . ^ ` f s ù ` f cj m u ` r t ` . ^ ` f s ù ` f q u ` ` f cj t d ` r r j fl

k j o í j c u b j r p j r j u f t r jjdd h llrr , s l o r ` t l h l p j r j ``cc t r j d h l r h ` c M j ` s t r l h `

c ls
l s M j ` s t r l s . F j h d ` c l i l m p r ` f h ` r í j 5 f l s l p l r t j r í j v d v dr
d r i l f s u ` rrrr llrr .

¡ Z u ä ` f b j ú l ! Y d k u o d ` s ` u s j h l p j r j r ` i l f l i ` r ``cc ` r r l r y j r r ` p ` f t d r ss``
` c m d s m l j r r l g l q u ` t u v l p j r j t rrjj d iidd l f
fjj r , k j o r í j p l h d h l i l r r ` b d r ssu
u

t r j y ` i t l r d j y or
o r d c cj
c j r . T j f l c ` k j o r í j s d h l p l s d o c ` i j m o d j r ``cc h ` s t d f l h `

G ` s ÷ s , p u ` s äc m l r d r í j h ` i u j c q u d ` r m j f ` r j , p ` r l s í k j o r í j p l h d h l

i j m o d j r s u p r l p d l h` s td f l .

I u j f h l ` c m u f h l f l s j o j f h l f j , ccjj s l c ` h j h ` s s l p l r t j o cc`` , p ` rrll

i u j f h l f l s l t r l s f l s j o j f h l f j m l s , cj sl c ` h j h ` s i j sd d f su p `r j oc `.

F u f i j h ` o ` m l s j u t l j o j f h l f j r f l s . G u h j s c l k dz
d z ll.. F l s ` p ` r h l f ù .

H ` s d s t d ù h ` s í m d s m l . Y ` s u d i d h ù . ^ ` r l , ¼ q u ` r r í j ä c q u d t j r s ` ccjj v d h j <

¡Fl!

F j h d ` q u ` p d ` f s j ` f ``cc s u d i d h d l l ` f p r ê i t d i j s s u d i d h j s ` s t ê p ` f -

s j f h l ` f t ` r m d f j r i l f c j v d h j , s d f l ` f m j t j r ``cc h l c l r q u ` k d ` r ` s u j cc--

m j . @f v j r dl s h ` m d s cd or l s k ` v ` f d h l i l m ` f t j f h l q u ` , ` f p s d q u dj -

t rí
r í j,
j , ` c i l f i ` p t l h ` s u d i d h d l ` s t ê ` r r j h l . Z u d ` f p d ` f s j ` f s u d i d h ddll
t d` f ` s ` h y k j m o r ` p l r vdvdr. P f p ` f s j m d ` f t l s l o r ` cj m u ` r t ` ` s

s d ` m p r ` u f j m j f d a ` s t j i d ù f h ` v d h j , ` s c j v d h j p ` f s j f h l ` f cj
cj m u ` r t ` .

Cj ilf sid`fidj fl il fs dbu ` p` fsj r `f cj dfilfsid`fidj joslcutj. Cj

i l f s i d ` f i d j f l j c i j f z j , p l r m ` h d l h ` c m u f h l h ` c j s d h ` j s , ccjj f j h j

` x ds
d s t ` f i d j c . F d f b ÷ f s ` r k u m j f l p d ` f s j ` f p l f ` r aadd f j c j v d h j i u j f h l

j t ` f t j i l f t r j ` cc
c c j.
j . C l q u ` ä c h ` s ` j ` s p l f ` r a df
df j c s ` f t d m d ` f t l h ` i u c -

p j , j c j s l c ` h j h , j c j j f s d ` h j h , j ccjj h ` p r ` s d ù f q u ` c l j b l o d j .

Kji` plils híjs ufj glv`f qu` dft`ftù sudidhjrs` m` ousiù pjrj

k j o cj
cj r i l f m d b l . M ` h dg l q u ` h u r j f t ` j ú l s k j o íj
í j p ` f s j h l ` f ccjj

mu`rt`.
¼ @ c m l t d v l < C j d f i l m p r ` f s d ù f h ` s u s p j h r ` s , q u ` f l c l b r j o j f ` f tr
tr j r

` f s u m u f h l . ^ j b j o j f c j ` s i u ` c j , c ` h j o j f r l p j y h d f ` r l , c`
c ` ` x db
db í j f

m u i k l , p ` r l f l c j i l f l i í j f . M d ` f t r j s ` c cj
cj t r j t j o j h ` k j o c j r c` s h ` s u s

s u ` ú l s , s u s h l c l r ` s y s u s i rrdd sd
s d s,
s, c l s p j h r ` s s l c l `r j f i j p j i ` s h `
r ` p r ` f h ` r ccjj p l r s u s ` r r l r ` s , i ` f s u r ê f h l c j i l f s t j f t ` m ` f t ` . J s í ` s q u `

dft`ftù `c sudidhdl m`hdjft` cj dfb`stj h` pjstdccjs. Zu`ríj qu`, mu`r-

t j,
j, c l s h ` m ê s p ` f s j r j f ` f ` c c j .

M j f t u v ` i l f ` s t j g l v ` f u f h d ê c l b l s ` r d l y k l f ` s t l . C ` h dg
dg ` q u `

f j h d ` fd
f d f j h j t ` f í j h ` r ` i k l h ` h ` s t r u d r s u v d h j 5 q u ` m j t j r s ` ` r j ccjj

j i t dt
d t u h m ê s a rrêê bd
b d c j f t ` c l s l o s t ê i u c l s h ` cj v d h j 5 q u ` f j h j ` s t j f d f
f--

hdbfl ilml qudtjrs` cj vdhj5 qu` h`oíj usjr su hlclr fl pjrj h`stru-

d r s`
s ` , s d f l p j r j k j i ` r s ` m ê s a u`
u ` r t `.
`. T c` j s ` b u r ä q u ` , ` f c u b j r h ` q u ` r ` r

m lr
l r ddrr , `c
` c ccjj t ` f í j k j m o r ` p l r v d v d r . I l m l m u i k l s p j i d ` f t ` s , ` s j g l v ` f

h d l u f s j c t l ` m l i d l f j c . C j s l f r d s j r ` b r ` s ù j s u r l s t r l ` f ccjj p r d m ` r j

ilfsuctj.

C j p ` r s l f j q u ` s ` s u d i d h j p r l v l i j i d i j tr d i` s ` f ` c j c m j h ` c l s q u `

c j j m j f . @ s p l s d o c ` s u p ` r j r c j m ê s c jr
j r b j f l i k ` y t r j f s a l r m j r c j ` f `c
m ê s o ` c ccll j m j f ` i ` r . F l k j y c ê b r ddm
mj q u` fl pu `hj s`r `stjfijhj,

k ` rd hj q u ` f l p u ` h j s ` r i ` r r j hj , p ä r h d h j q u ` f l p u ` h j s ` r r ` p j r j h j y

i u cp j q u ` f l p u ` h j s ` r s u p ` r j h j . C l s q u ` s u p ` r j f s u s t r j u m j s y ` r -

rlr`s s` vu`cv` f o`ccls y sjodls.

J p r ` f h j j p ` r h l f j r s `. F l t ` f b j m d` h l h`c hlclr. G j m ê s s ` lcvdh`

h ` c js
j s s ` m d c c j s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q ddh
h j.

; | ^ @ H _ L 7 J F X @ Y T H @ Y ^ P Ä Y H @C

M J @ Y X _ L  @ C ^ _ L I @ Y L H@

X_JFYAL_MJIDÙF
C j t rj
r j f s a l r m j i d ù f h ` c j p ` r s l f j c dh
d h j h h ` ^ `h
` h rrl
l

@c i l r j z ù f p s d i l c ù b d i l h ` ^ ` h r l p l h í j s ` r i l m p j r j h l jc s u ` c l j c o l r -

h ` h ` c i j m d f l . @ rrjj r u h l , i l m p j i t j h l , d f aacc `x
` x do
d o c`
c ` y s d f m u i k j i u c tu
tu r j
jijhä m dij. @ rrjj d m p ` t u l s l , d r j i u f h l , ` s t r ` s j h l y ` x p ` r t l ` f r ` ji -

i d l f j r j f t ` s h ` p ` f s j r . ^ ` rrll , jjcc i l f t r j r d l h ` G u h j s , ` r j s ` f i d cccc l y

t r j f s p jr ` f t ` . Fl hdsdmucjoj sus i lm plrtjm d`ftls. H ` i ííjj ccll q u `

p`fsjoj.

Y u m ` f t ` ` r j u f c d oorr l j o dd`` r t l . Y u ` m l i d ù f , d f ` s t j o cc`` , p ` r l s d f i ` r j .

@ rj
r j aaêê iidd c h ` s i u o r d r q u ä ` s t j o j p l r h ` t r ê s h ` s u s d f t ` f i d l f ` s . ^ ` h r l

a r ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` j t r l p `c cj o j j G ` s ÷ s . H ` i íj i l s j s s d f s u p ` r m d s l . Cl

plfíj `f sdtujidlf`s hdaíidc`s, p`rl sus r`jiidlf`s `stjojf ijrbjhjs

h ` d f b ` f u d h j h y f l h ` m j c h j h . I l f a r ` i u ` f i d j , r ` p ` t í j c l s m d s m l s ` rr--

r l r `s p l r q u ` f l s j o í j i l f tr l c j r s ` .

@ rj
r j k d p ` r j i t ddvv l . C j p ssdd q u ddjj t r ííjj f ` i ` s d t j p r l b r ` s j r ` f c j i l m p r ` f s d ù f

h ` c j k d p ` r j i ttdd v d h j h . K ` d f v ` s t d b j h l m u i k l ` s ` t ` m j .

C l s f d ú l s l g ù v ` f ` s k d p ` r j it dv l s p l s ` ` f u f j ` f ` r b í j a ` f l m ` f j c , y
s u m ` f t ` ` s t ê s d ` m p r ` l i u p j h j i l f c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s p r l p d l s . ^ llrr

` s l s l f h d s p ` r s dv l s , f l p d ` fs j f `f c j s i l f s ` i u ` f i d j s h ` s u s i l m p l r -

t j m d ` f t l s , f l r ` i j p j i d t j f j f t ` s u s h l c l r ` s , p ä r h d h j s y a r u s t r j i d l f ` s y,

j s í,
í , r ` ppdd t ` f c l s m d s m l s ` r r l r ` s i l f a r ` i u ` f i d j . ^ l r i j u s j h ` c j c o l r l t l

q u ` p r l v l i j f , ` s h ddaa í i d c t ` f ` r p j i d ` f i d j i l f c l s p l r t j h l r ` s h ` k d p ` r j i -

tdvdhjh, p`rl, sd su `mlidùf au`r` `huijhj, pu`h`f vlcv`rs` s`r`s ku-

m j f l s o r d cccc j f t ``ss . ^ ` h r l , i l m l t l h l g l v ` f k d p ` rj
rj i t dv l , ` rj v í i t d m j h `c

b j t ddcc ccll h ` cj
c j m ` m l r d j , q u ` ` s u f a ` f ù m ` f l d f i l f s i d ` f t ` q u ` j o r ` ``f
f

m d c ä s d m j s h ` s ` b u f h l c l s p r dm ` r l s j r i kd v l s h ` cj f t ` h ` u f ` s tí m u c l .

@c bbjj t d cccc l h ` c j m ` m l r d j p r l h u i ` r ` s p u ` s t j s d f m ` h d j t j s q u ` h ` o ` f s ` r
i l f t r l c j h j s . ^ ` r l c j s p ` r s l f j s k d p ` r j i t ddvv j s , ` f ccu
ubjr h` blo`rfj rcjs,

c js
j s ` x t ` r ddll r d z j f . I u j f h l c l l a ` f h í j f , ^ ` h r l h ` o j t í j s ddf
f j f j ccdd zj
zj r. I u j f -

hl cl iu`stdlfjojf, cj r`spu`stj cj t`fíj `f cj puftj h` cj c`fbuj sdf

b r j f h ` s r ` a c ` xd
x d l f ``ss .
@ r j t j f r ê p ddh
h l q u ` f l h u h ù ` f h ` i d r q u ` g j m ê s f ` b j r í j j I rrdd st
st l. Y u

d m p u c s dv
d v d h j h f l c l h ` g ù p ` f s j r h l s v ` i ` s j f t ` s h ` i l r t j r ccjj l r ` g j h `

u f s l c h j h l q u ` d o j ` f ``cc b r u p l q u ` j r r ` s t j r í j j G ` s ÷ s . F l j f j c d z ù q u `

k j o íj u f j b r j f ` s i l c tj y q u ` s u r ` j i i ddùù f plhíj prlvlijr ilf s` -

iu`fidjs dmpr`vdsdoc`s.

^ ` h r l p j r ` i ííjj u f k l m o r ` h ` ` x t r ` m j h j v j c`
c` f t í j p ` r l i l m l fl

r`ijpjidtjoj, fl ilf liíj su s c ím

í m d t ` ss.. I l r t ù c j l r ` g j h ` c s l c h j h l

p l r q u ` s ` j p l y j o j ` f c j b r j f h ` z j h ` G ` s ÷ s . ^ ` r l i u j f h l G ` s ÷ s h ` ggùù

h ` r ` j cd
c d z j r c l s k ` i k l s s l o r ` f j t u r j c ` s y p r ` aadd r ddùù `c
` c s d c ` f i ddll , ccjj a u ` r z j h `

^ ` h r l s ` ` v j p l r ù j c i j c l r h ` c j s h d aadd iiu
u c ttjj h ` s .

H ` c l s q u ` i j m d f j r l f i l f G ` s ÷ s , f j h d ` ` r r ù t j f tl
tl i l m l ^ ` h rl . F l

l o s t j f t ` , k j o í j ` f ääcc u f j i j c d h j h q u ` s d ` m p r ` k j ` x d sstt d h l ` f c llss

b r j f h ` s k l m o r ` s . F l t ` f í j m d ` h l h ` ``rr rrjj r , h ` c c l rrjj r , h ` ` f t r ` b j r s `

p l r ` f t ` r l j j q u ` c c l ` f q u ` iirr ` íj
íj , h ` j r r d ` s b j r p j r j i l f q u d s t j r s u s

s u ` ú l s . @ rrjj r ê p d h l p j r j ` r r j r y r ê p d h l p j r j j r r ` p ` f t d r s ` y r ` b r ` s j r j c

ijmdfl.

H`siuord`fhl `c s`ir`tl h` jpr`fh`r

^ ` h r l f l ` r j u f d f t `c
` c ` it
it u
ujj c f
fdd u f k l m o r ` h ` m u i k l i l f l i d m d ` f t l

p ` r l t`
t ` f í j u f j i j r j i t ` r í s ttdd i j q u ` ` s t íípp d i j h ` c l s b r j f h ` s p ` f s j h l r ` s 7

p l s ` í j u f j ` x ddm
m d j i j p j i d h j h h ` l o s ` r v j i d ù f . M u i k l s u f ddvv ` r s d t j r d l s

f l p l s ` ` f ` s j i j p j i d h j h y p l r ` s l s l f m ` r l s r ` p ` t ddh
h l r ` s h ` d f a l rr--

m jidù f. @ f t r ` c l s i d ` f t ííaa d i l s , q u d ` f fl h`sjr rlccj cj kjodcdhjh h`

l o s ` r v j i d ù f f l t `f h r ê l p l r tu f d h j h i l m l p ` f sj h l r.

^ ` h r l m d r j o j h ` s c u m o r j h l j s u M j ` s t r l . C l s cj o l rj t l rd l s h ` G ` s ÷ s

prlvlijrlf ufj v`rhjh`rj r`vlcuidùf `f cj pjftjccj h` su p`rslf-

j cd hj h . I j h j v ` z q u ` G ` s ÷ s j o r j z j o j j u f f d ú l y h ` i í j j s u s h d s i í p u cl s
q u ` ssdd ` c ccll s f l ` r j f i l m l c l s f d ú l s g j m ê s ` f t r j r íj
íj f ` f s u r ` df l , ^ ` -

h r l q u ` h j o j d f t r ddbb j h l y p ` f s j t d v l . X j c v ` z ääcc a u ` r j ``cc m ê s v d ` ggll h ` c l s

h d s i í p u c l s , p ` r l ``rr j ``cc q u ` m ê s s ` p l f í j i l m l u f f d ú l h ` c j f t ` h ` s u

Mj`strl.

^ l r s ` r u f b r j f l o s ` r v j h l r , p l i l j p l i l a u ` h ` s i u o r d ` f h l ``cc s ` -

i r ` t l h ` c j r tt`` h ` j p r ` f h ` r . @ c s ` i r ` t l i l f s d s t í j ` f v j i d j r s ` h ` s u s

pr`il fi`p tls y pj rjhdbm js, f l t`m `r j cl fu`vl f d j ` x p c l r j r ccll

h ` s i l f l i d h l . @ f t ` f h d ù q u ` h ` o ííjj s ` r i l m l u f f d ú l q u ` s ` ` x p l f `

k u m d c h ` m ` f t ` j f t ` ``cc m u f h l q u ` c l r l h ` j . Z u d ` f f l i l f s d b u ` v j i d j -

r s ` h ` s u s p r l p d j s v ` r h j h ` s , f l i l f s ` b u d r ê j o rd r c j s p l s d o d cd h j h ` s h`

c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s . G u h j s f l s u p l j p r ` f h ` r ` s j c ` iiii dù
dù f.

I u j cq u d `r j q u ` p d` rh j c j i j p j i d h j h h ` v j i d j r s ` y h ` p l f ` r s ` i l m l

u f f d ú l ` x p c l r j h l r h ` c j f t ` h ``cc h ` s i l f l i d h l s ` v l c v ` r ê ` s ttää r ddcc h `

f u ` v j s d h ` j s . ¼ K j i u c td v j hl u s t ` h ` s j i j p j i d h j h < K j y p ` r s l f j s q u `

f l i l f s d b u ` f o rrdd cccc jr
j r ` f s u l a d iidd l p l r q u ` p d ` f s j f y r ` j i i d l f j f s d ` m p r `

h ` cj
c j m d s m j a l r m j . Y u s m ` f t ` s ` s t ê f p j r j c d z j h j s . M u i k l s f l j ccii j f -

z j f j i l f q u d s t j r j s u s k dg
d g llss , j s u i ù f y u b ` l j s u s j m d b l s p l r q u ` h j f

s d ` m p r ` c js
js m d s m j s r ` s p u ` s t j s p j r j c l s m d s m l s p r l o c ` m j s .

G` s÷ s `f i jf tjo j j tl h l s pl rq u ` sd` m p r` t`fíj r ` sp u ` stjs fu`vjs.

@ rj
r j i j p j z h ` k j o c j r ` c l i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` s l o r ` H d l s s d f m ` f i d l f j r ccjj

pjcjorj « Hdls µ . @ f s u ` f i u ` f t r l i l f ccjj s j m j r d t j f j , c j h ` g ù a j s i d -

f j h j j c i l m ` f t j r c l s s ` i r ` t l s h ` c j a ` ccdd i ddh
h j h , h ` c p c j i ` r ddf
fjbltjoc`.

H`spuäs h` lírcl, `ccj sjcdù plr cj iduhjh kjocjfhl j tlhls h` su

` f i u ` f t r l i l f G ` s ÷ s . C l s q u ` s ` j i ` r i j o j f j äc
äc q u ` h j o j f d m p j i t j h l s

i l f s u p ` r sp d ij i dj y s u i j p j i d h j h h ` j r b u m ` f t j i dù f .

G ` s ÷ s h ` s j a d j o j cj i l m p r ` f s d ù f h ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s , k j o c j f h l p l r

iùhdbls, plr pjrêolcjs y plr s`újc`s. ^jrj `ft`fh`rcl, fl `rj suad-

i d ` f t ` cj
c j ccùù b ddii j , ``rr j f ` i ` s j r d l j p r ` f h ` r j p ` f s j r y j i l m p r ` f h ` r ``cc

c`fbujg` h` cj `mlidùf. ^`hrl, jufqu` `rj jbr`sdvl ` dmpucsdvl,

j p r ` f h d ù ` s ` f l o d cí
cí s dm l c ` f bu j g` . F l s l c l j h m d r ù m u i k l j s u M j ` -

s t r l , s d f l q u ` t j m o d ä f c l j m ù d f t ` f s j m ` f t ` . @ s l k d z l t l h j c j h da
d a ` rr--

` f i d j ` f s u v ddh
h j.
j.

M ê s t j r h ` , i u j f h l y j `r
` r j u f j f i d j f l , ttjj c v ` z t r ` d f t j j ú l s h ` s p u ä s

h ` c j m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s ÷ s , ^ ` h r l ` s i r d o d ù s u p r d m ` r j ` p í s t l ccjj . @ f ` c cj
cj r ` v -

` cj
c j ccjj b r j f h ` z j h ` s u j p r ` f h d z j g ` . P f p ` s i j h l r i l f v ` r t d h l ` f u f b rrjj f

p`fsjhlr.

Y d f t ` t d z j f h l s u p r l p d j k d s ttll r ddjj , ^ ` h r l h d g l ``f

f ` s j i j r tj q u ` h ` o ` -

m l s s ` r i l m l f d ú l s q u ` h ` s ` j f c j v ` r h j h ` r j c ` i k ` ` s p ddrr d ttu
u j c . ^ ` h rrll

g j m ê s h ` g ù h ` j p r ` f h ` r 5 f u f i j h ` g ù h ` t ` f ` r `c i l r j z ù f h ` uf f d ú l .

C j s p j c j o r j s h ` G ` s ÷ s j ÷ f ` s t j o j f ` f ` c t ` r r ddtt llrr d l h ` s u ` m l i d ù f . C js
js

s ` m d c c j s p c j f t j h j s k j i í j t j f t l s j ú l s j ÷ f h j o j f o ` cc l s a r u tl s , d f i cu s l

` f m ` h d l h ` c j s t u r o u c ` f i d j s y p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s q u ` s u a r í j . J q u ` c ccjj i j r tj
tj

c j ` s i r d o d ù ` f 1 8 h . I ..,, u f j ú l j f t ` s h ` q u ` F ` r ù f p r l m l v d ` r j u f j

b r j f p ` r s ` i u i d ù f i l f t r j c ls
l s i r d s t dj
d j f l s . @ f u f j ä p l i j h ` t ` m l r , ``cc

j m l r p r ` v j c ` i d ù . @ f u f j ä p l i j h ` c l i u r j , ccjj s j o d h u r í j a ccll rr`` i dù

dù .

F` rùf prlv liù uf d f i ` f h d l ` f _ l m j y i u c p ù j c l s i rd s td j f l s .

Z u ` r í j u f p r ` t ` xt l p j r j ` c dm d f j r c l s . A u ` d f k u m j f l y v d l c `f t l p l r q u `

s j o í j q u ` k j o í j u f j c ccjj m j d f j b l t j o c ` ` f ` c i l r j z ù f h ` c l s s ` b u d h l r ` s

h ` G` s u i rd st l . K l m o r ` s y m u g ` r ` s a u `r l f k ` i k l s i l m d h j p j r j c `l f ` s

` f `c
` c I l c d s ` l . @ c s u a r d m d ` f t l ``rr j d f m ` f s l , p ` r l ¼ q u d ä f p u ` h ` h ` s t r u ddrr
`c j m l r < ¡ I u ê f t l m ê s ` r j f p ` r s ` b u d h l s , c ls i r d s td j f l s m ê s j m j o j f !

P f b r j f j m db l h ` G ` s ÷ s

G` s÷ s t`fíj uf iu dh jh l `sp`idjc il f ^`hrl. Y jo íj q u ` `rj pr`idp-

d tj
tj h
hll , p ` r l t j m o d ä f q u ` ` r j s d f i ` r l y a r j f i l . J p ` s j r h ` s u i l m p l r -

t j m d ` f t l j f s d l s l , ` c M j ` s t r l i l f a d j o j ` f ä cc.. Z u ` h ù a j s i d f j h l j c v ` r j

G ` s ÷ s `x p l f ` r su il rjzù f j ufj p ` r sl f j tjf cdm dtjhj. I l m p jr tdù sus

m ê s í f t d m l s s ` i r ` t l s i l f ^ ` h r l y ccll s k ` r m j f l s G j i l o l y G u j f .

Ijhj jitdtuh h` ilfadjfzj h` G`s÷s `rj pjrt` h`c mês `xi`pidlfjc

` f t r ` f j m d ` f t l q u ` u f m j ` s t r l p l h r í j r ` j c ddzz j r p j r j c j t r j s a l r m j i d ù f

h` cj p`rslfjcdhjh h` uf hdsiípucl dfmjhurl. Ilfaí` `f cjs p`rslfjs

h da
d a ííii dc
d c `s
`s . Ê o r j c ` s s u i l r j z ù f . F l h ` s d s t j h ` ` c c j s j u f i u j f h l t ` f b j

m l t d v l s . P f h í j u s t ` h s ` s l r p r ` f h ` r ê i l f c l s r ` s u c ttjj h l s .

Y d ^ ` h r l v d v d ` s ` ``f
f c l s h í j s h ` k llyy , ccjj s ` s i u ` c j s i c ê s d i j s c l ` x p u c -

s j r í j f . I r ` jr í j m u i k l t u m u c t l ` f `c s j c ù f h ` i c j s ` . F l c lb
lb rj rí j

i l f i ` f t r j r s ` y r ` b d s t rrjj r d f a l r m j i d l f ` s . C j s i c j s ` s s ddf
f sj ol r `m l -

i d l f j c f l c l k j o r í j f i j u t d v j h l . Y u s p r l a ` s l r ` s k j o r í j f p r ` a ` r ddh
hl t`f -
` r cl
cl j e d c ù m ` t r l s h ` h d s t j f i d j .

@ f c l s h í j s j i t u j c ` s , t jjcc v ` z ^ ` h r l f l tt`` f h r í j c j p l s d o d c d h j h h `

t l r f j r s ` ` f u f b r j f k l m o r ` . ^ ` r l , i l m l ` f i l f t r ù jjcc M j ` s t r l h ` c l s

M j ` s t r l s , s u v d h j s u a rrdd ù u f b r j f i j m o d l . G ` s ÷ s d f vvdd rt
r t dù
dù a u ` r t ` m ` f t ` ` f

ä c . @ f t r ` f ù i l f t d f u j h j m ` f t ` s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h , c ` ` f s ` ú ù j iill f t r l c j r ccjj

d f tl
t l c ` r j f iidd j , j u s j r c l s ` r r l r ` s p j r j ` h u i j r c j ` m l i d ù f y ` s t d m u c j r ``cc

j r t ` h ` p ` f s j r. ¼ @ c r ` s u c t j h l < ^ ` h r l s ` v l c v ddùù u f l h ` ccll s k l m o r ` s

m ê s o r dc
d c ccjj f t ` s y u f v ` r h j h ` r l r ` b j c l p j r j c j k d sstt l r ddjj h ` c j k u m j f d h j h .

¼ I ù m l c ` s j i ù o ` f ` a d i ddll G ` s ÷ s j c j k d p ` r j i t d vd
v d h j h y j cj
cj j f s d ` h j h h `

^ ` h rl < J p r l v ` i k j f h l cjs p r l p d j s i l f a u s d l f ` s q u ` s u h d s i íp u c l i r ` -
j o j . I d `r
` r t j v ` z , i u j f h l a u f i d l f j r d l s j c s ` r v d id
id l h ` _ l m j c` p r ` b u f -

t j r l f sd
s d s u M j ` s t r l p j b j o j d m p u ` s t l , ^ ` h r l i l f t ` s t ù q u ` s í,
í , ssdd f p r ` -

b u f t j r j G ` s ÷ s . @c M j ` s t r l , p j i d ` f t ` , c l ` f v d ù j p ` s i j r , h d i d ä f h l c ` q u `

` f ` c p r d m ` r p ` z q u ` p ` s i j r j ` f i l f t r j r í j u f j m l f ` h j q u ` s `r
` r vvdd r ííjj
p j r j p j b j r ``cc dm
dm p u ` s t l .

^ ` h r l f l t ` f íj p j i d `f i d j p j r j p ` s i j r i l f i j ú j . C ` b u s t j o j cj j v ` f -

t u r j ` f ` c m j r . ^ ` s i j r i l f i j ú j ` r j u f ` g ` r i d i ddll p j r j s u p j i d ` f i d j , y

` f i l f t r j r u f j m l f ` h j ` f c j o l i j h ` u f p ` z ``rr j u f ` g ` r i d i d l p j r j s u

a ` . ^ j r ``ii í j j c b l d m p l s d o c ` . M d ` f t r j s p ` s i j o j ` s plsdoc` qu ` iu `s -

tdlfjrj su dmpucsdvdhjh y s` pr`buftjrj7 « ¼ ^ l r q u ä s l y t j f p r ` i dp

dp -

d t j hl
hl < J c j p r ù x d m j v ` z , i d ` r r l cj o l i j µ . Adfjcm`f t`, p `s iù uf p`z

q u ` t ` f í j cj
c j m l f ` h j y j p r ` f h d ù u f j b r j f c ` i i ddùù f 7 p ` f s j r j f t ` s h `

r ` ji
j i i dl
d l f j r.
r . @ s j c ` i i ddùù f , s d f ` m o j r b l , f l a u ` s u a d i d ` f t ` j u f q u ` s í a u `

u f o u ` f i l m d ` f z l p j r j q u d ` f v ddvv í j o j g l c j c `y
`y h ` c « pdf bp lf b µ , l

s` j 7« h j uf b l cp ` y r ` id o` l t rl * .

^ ` h r l a jc
j c ccùù m u i k l , p ` r l s ` v l c v d ù u f b r j f j m d b l h `c
`c M j ` s t r l h ` cj

Qdhj. C l s m ds` r jo c`s sd`m p r ` j m j r l f m ê s j G ` s ÷ s q u ` cls q u ` s`

i l f s d h ` r j o j f g u s t l s . C l s q u ` a jjcc cj
c j r llf
f y t u v d ` r l f ``cc v j c l r h ` r ` i l f l i ` r

s u s a r j b d c d h j h ` s f l ` r j f p u ` s t l s ` f s ` b u f h l p c j f l s df
d f l q u ` m ê s o dd`` f

i u c t d v j o j f u f j í f t d m j r ` c j i d ùf
ù f i l f ä c.
c . H ` ` s t j m j f ` r j , c l s ÷ c t ddm
ml s

v d f d ` r l f j s ` r c l s p r d m ` r l s . T ` s t l s t u v d ` r l f ` c p r d v d c ` b d l h ` v ` r cj

b r j f h ` z j y cj
cj k u m d c h j h h ` I r d s tl . Y u p l h ` r y s u s c ê b r d m j s .

F ` b j f h l j su M j ` strl

G` s ÷ s k jo cù `f r`p`tdh js l i j s dl f ` s h` su pjrtdhj. J h ` cjf tù qu`

s ` r í j j r r ` s t j h l , t l r t u r j h l y i r u i d a d i j h l , d I ù m l p u ` h ` j cb u d `f q u ` h ` -

s j r m j cj m ` f t ` h ` i u jc q u d ` r l p l s d t l r m l r dr h ` m l h l t j f v dc< 3 I ù m l
p u ` h ` j c b u d ` f q u ` k j o c j h ` c j ` t ` r f d h j h t ` r m d f j r ccjj v d h j i l c b j h l ` f

u f m j h ` r l < ^ j r j ^ ` h r l , ` s l p j r ` i í j d m p l s d o c ` . ^ ` r l , j m ` h d h j q u ` ``cc

a d f s ` j i ` r i j o j , ``cc h d s i í p u c l p r ` s d f t ddùù q u ` p ` r h ` r í j j G ` s ÷ s . @ s l c l h ` g ù

d f i l f s l c j o c ` . F l i l m p r ` f h í j q u ` c j i r u z ` r j ``cc h ` s ` l h ` s u M j ` s t r l y
f l u f j a j t j c dh
dh j h . @
@cc i j r p d f t ` r l h ` c j ` m l i d ù f ` s i u c p d ù ` c j m l r ` f ``cc j c -

m j h ``cc p ` s i j h l r . @ c p ` s i j h l r j p r ` f h d ù j j m j r . J m ù d f t ` f s j m ` f t ` jjcc

i j r p d f t ` r l y j c j s p ` r s l f j s i ` r i j f j s j ä c.
c . Y d G ` s ÷ s f l ccll k u o dd`` r j

` f i l f t r j h l , ^ ` h r l k j o r í j s d h l t l h j s u v d h j u f p ` s i j h l r . Jc
J c s ` b u d r ccll ,

pjsù j v`r cj kumjfdhjh h` G`s÷s h` alrmj hda`r`ft`. ^jrj äc, cj vdhj

b j f ù u f f u ` v l s ` f t d h l . @ c t ` h d l s ` h d c u y ù , c j r ` ddtt ` r j i d ù f s ` h d s d p ù . C l s

p r l o c ` m j s ` x t ` r f l s j u m ` f t j r l f , p ` r l c j j c ` b r í j s ` m u c t d p c d i ù y ccjj p j z

j c i j f z ù f d v `c ` s d f d m j b d f j o c` s .

J f h j r i l f G ` s ÷ s ` r j u f j j v ` f t u r j m j y l r q u ` vd vd r ` f `c m j r . H d j r d-

j m ` f t ` k j o í j i l s j s f u ` v j s . I u j f h l ` f c j × c t dm
d m j I ` f j G ` s ÷ s d f s df
df u ù

s u h ` s p ` h d h j , u f j t r ddss t ` z j j b u h j d f v j h d ù j ^ ` h r l . @
@cc t ` j t r l h ` s u

m ` f t ` s ` v ddll d f v j h d h l p l r p ` f s j m d ` f t l s s l m o r í l s .

G ` s ÷ s i j m d f ù p j r j `c K u ` r t l h ` B ` t s ` m j f í y s u s h d s i í p u c l s , d f i l f 

a l r m ` s , c l j i l m p j ú j r l f . I l m ` f t ä ` s ` t ` m j ` f l t r l s t ` x t l s , h ` s h ` cj

p ` r s p ` i t dv j h ` G` s ÷ s 5 j k l r j f ` i ` s d t l i l m ` f t j r c l h ` s h ` cj p ` r sp ` i td v j

h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s . C j m ` f t ` h ` ` c ccll s f l h ` g j o j h ` p ` f s j r y h ` r l o j r c `

` f ` r b í j jc
j c i ` r ` o r l , p r l h u i d ` f h l u f d f m ` f s l h ` s b j s t ` , u f j a j t db
db j d f
f--

t ` f s j . @f p l i j s k l r j s b j s t j r l f m ê s ` f ` r b í j q u ` `f h í j s h ` t rj o jg l

ajtdblsl.

@f B` ts`m jfí, G`s÷ s c cc`` v ù jpjrt` j ^ ` hr l , Gjilol y G uj f.

Y ÷ o d t j m ` f t ` , ` c M j ` s t r l h dg
dg l j cb l `x tr jú l . K j o c ù h ` s u h r j m ê t d i l h l -

cl r ` m l i d l f j c y c ` s p ` r m d t d ù v ` r s u s r ` j i i d l f ` s h ` ` s t r ä s . C l s l g l s h `

c ls
ls h d s i í p u c l s p r ` s ` f i d j r l f u f ` s p ` i t ê i u c l ÷ f d i l . C l s i j p d c j r ` s h `
G ` s ÷ s s ` r l m p d ` r l f ` f cj s u p ` r a d i d ` h ` cj pd`c, p r l h u i d ` f h l u f s u h l r

sjfbudflc`ftl. ¼ Iu êftl s p` fsj m d`ft ls fl k j o rê f p j s j h l p l r cj

m ` f t ` h ` ^ ` h rl < ¼ G ` s ÷ s j f b u s t d j h l , su a r d` f h l , i l f a ` s j f h l s u h l cl r <

¡Dmplsdoc`!
M d ` f t r j s ` r j t ` s t db l h ` cj j f b u s t d j h` c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s y h `

c js
js l r j i d l f ` s s u p c d i j f t ` s j s u ^ j h r ` , ^ ` h r l s ` s ` f t í j m ê s y m ê s p ` r -

p c `g
` g l ( M j t ` l ? 1 . 9 2 ) . @ c M j ` s t r l d m o j t d o cc`` c ccll r j o j j f t ` ``cc i j l s . G ` s ÷ s ,

q u ` s ` k j o í j ` f a r ` f t j h l jjcc m u f h l , 3 p ` h ííjj j k l r j j s u ^ j h r ` q u ` j cc`` gj

gj rj

` c i ê c ddzz h ` s í < « Z u ä iê
iê cd z ` rj ä s ` < « Z u ä t ` m l r `r j ä s ` < @ f j q u` c m l -

m ` f t l , ^ ` h r l i l m ` f z ù j f ` b j r j G ` s ÷ s . F l i l m p r ` f h í j q u ` G ` s ÷ s i ccjj -

m j r j j s u ^ j h r ` p j r j q u ` j c ` g jjrr j f l ``cc i êêcc dz

dz h ` c j i r u z , s d f l ` c i ê c d z h `

s u m ` f t ` , c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s j f t d i d p j t l r d l s s l o r ` ` c i ê ccdd z h ` c j i r u z

q u ` c ji ` r j o jf s u ` m l i d ù f .

C j a j td b j ` m l i d l f j c h ` ^ ` h r l j u m ` f t ù j ÷ f m ê s . ^ jr j ` vd tj r u f i l -

c j p s l y j k l r r jr ` f ` r b í j , s u i ` r ` o r l c` p r l h u g l s l m f l c ` f i d j . Y ` j b l -

t j r l f s u s r ` s ` r v j s . T s ` h u r m d ù g u f t j m ` f t ` i l f G j i l o l y G u j f . @ f ``cc

m l m ` f t l i u j f h l G ` s ÷ s m ê s f ` i `s dt j oj h ` s u j pl y l , f l p u h d` rl f ` s -

tjr jc`rtj.

Jc
Jc v ` r j s u M j ` s t r l j r r ` s t j h l , ^ ` h r l j ÷ f m l s t r ù j c b u f j a u ` r z j , p ` r l

y j v j i d c j o j . @c s d c ` f i d l h ` G ` s ÷ s c l j m ` h r ` f t ù . C l s h d s i í p u c l s k u y ` r l f ,

^ ` h r l c l s d b u d ù j h d st
st j f i d j . Y ` i r ` t j m ` f t ` , s ` m ` t d ù ` f `c p j t d l h
h`` c

Y j f ` h r í f . F l s ` h d l i u ` f t j h ` q u ` , jjcc m d s m l t d ` m p l , ` f t r j o j ` f ` c p j -

t d l h ` s u ` m l i d ù f , i j m d f j o j p l r c js
j s i j c cc`` g u ` c j s h ` c m d ` h l y v ddvv ííjj `c
`c

m ê s d f t` f s l `f t r ` f j m d ` f t l h ` s u p ` r sl f j cd hj h .

J G ` s ÷ s c` k j i í j f p r ` b u f t j s p ` r l äc f j h j i l f t ` s t j o j . Y u s dc` f i dl

r ` s l f j o j i l m l u f j i j s i j h j ` f `c j cm j h ` ^ `h rl . C j s s ` s d l f ` s h `

b l c p ` s k d r d ` f h l ``cc r l sstt r l h ``cc M j ` s t r l ` r j f u f ` s p ` i t ê i u c l h ` k llrr r l r .

@ c m d ` h l d r r j i ddll f j c ` s ` c m j y l r c j h r ù f h ` ccjj ddf
f t ` c ddbb ` f i d j . P f p ` q u ` ú l

d f s` i tl s ` p u ` h ` vl c v `r u f m l f s t r u l , u f j t j q u d i jr h d j p u ` h ` b ` f ` r j r

cj a j c s j d m p r ` s d ù f h ` u f df
faa jr
j r tl
tl , u f j s i ` f s l r p u ` h ` v l c v ` r s ` u f

i u o í i u c l s d f j d r ``.. @
@cc m d ` h l ttrr j ` j c j c uz
uz j c l s a j f t j s m j s .
^ ` h r l r ` j i i d l f j o j p l r d f s ttdd f ttll . Y u i ` r ` o r l i c j m j o j p j r j q u ` ääcc

j o j f h l f j r j ` c ` s i ` f j r d l , p ` r l c j d f t ` f s d h j h h ` c m d ` h l y h ` c iill f a c d i t l

` x d s t ` f i d j c q u ` c l h l m d f j o j c l k j o í j p j r j c d z j h l 5 p l r ` s l , i u j f h l ccll

j i u s j r l f h ` s ` r j m d b l h ` G ` s ÷ s , ääcc c l f ` b ù . T i u j f h l d f s ds
d s t d ` r l f , äc

vlcvdù j f `b jrcl . Cj t`r i`r j v ` z au ` h ` m j s d j h l c`gls7 « ¡Tl f l i l f l z i l

j ` s ` k l m o r ` ! ¡ F u f i j j f h u v ` i l f ä c ! ¡ F l t ` f b l c j m ê s m í f d m j d h ``jj

h ` q u d ä f s ` j äc
äc ! µ ( M j t ` l ? 1 . 1 4 ) . K l r j s j f t ` s , ääcc k j o í j g u r j h l q u `

m l r d r í j i l f G ` s ÷ s , p ` r l j k l r j G ` s ÷ s ` r j u f h ` s i l f l i d h l p j r j ääcc .

@ f ` c c d o r l ` c M j ` s t r l h ` cl s M j ` s t r l s v d m l s q u ` i u j f h l ^ ` h r l ccll

f`b ù pl r t`ri`rj v`z, G`s÷ s s` lcvdhù h

h`` c h l c l r y c l i l f a l r t ù i l f u f j

m d r j h j s u o c d m ` . @ c i j r p d f t ` r l y ` c p ` s i j h l r s ` v l c v dd`` r l f j ` f i l f t r j r

` f u f j h ` c j s m d r j h j s m ê s o ` c c j s h ` c j k d s t llrr d j . G ` s ÷ s ` s t j o j k ` r d h l y

s ` ` f i l f t r j o j c `g l s h ` s u h d s i íp u c l. F l k j o í j a l r m j h ` k j o c j r i l f ^ ` -

h r l y i l f s l c j r c l . ^ l r ` s l , i u j f h l f l p u h l r ` iu
i u r rrdd r j c j s p j c j o r j s , ``cc

M j ` s t r l k j o c ù i l f c l s l g l s . T i l f s u m d r j h j c ` h dg l q u ` i l m p r ` f h í j

s u a r jjbb d ccdd h j h , q u ` h ` f d f b u f j a l r m j c l llcc v ddh

h j rí j s d f l q u ` c l j m j r í j

p j rj
rj s d ` m p r ` , j u f q u ` c l f ` b j r j d f f u m ` r j o c ` s v `i ` s .

C j m d r j h j h ` G ` s ÷ s h ` s o c l q u ` ù c j m ` f t ` h ` ^ ` h r l y c l k ddzz l v l ccvv ` r

` f s í.
í. @
@ff s ` b u d h j s j c d ù h ` j cccc í y c ccll r ùù.. C ccll r ù j m j r b j m ` f t ` . F l k j o í j

q u d ` f c l i l f s l c j r j . I j h j c ê b r d m j ` r j u f j c ` i i dù
d ù f h ` vvdd h j d r r d b j f h l s u

i j p j i d h j h h ` r ` aacc `x
` x ddll f jr
jr . Ä
Äcc f l i r ` í j ``f
f cl q u ` k j o í j k ` i k l . F u f i j s `

k j o í j v d st
s t l t j f a rê
r ê bbdd c . G j m ê s t r j d i d l f j r í j s u s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s .
M u r d ` f h l p l r t l h l s cl s q u ` c l f d ` b j f

X l h l s f l s l t r l s ` s t j m l s , h ` j cb u f j a l r m j , r ` p r ` s ` f t j h l s ` f c j k d s -

t lr
l r dj
d j h ` ^ ` h r l . G ` s ÷ s f l s l c j m ` f t ` ccll j i l b d ù j ääcc s d f l q u ` j i l b d ù t j m -

o dä
d ä f j t l h j s c js
js p ` r s l f j s q u ` s l f i l f t r l c j h j s p l r `c m d ` h l , q u ` f l
ilfli`f sus címdt`s, qu` `f cls mlm`ftls h` `sträs r`jiidlfjf sdf

p`fsjr.

d Z u d ä f ` s f l t d ` f ` f j i t ddtt u h ` s i l m l c j s h ` ^ ` h r l < ¼ Z udäf `s slf

a d`
d ` cc`` s j s u i l f i d ` f i d j ` f t l h l s c l s m l m ` f t l s h ` s u p r l p d j k d s t llrr d j < ¼

Z u d ä f f l ` s ` s i c j v l h ``cc m d ` h l i u j f h l ` s t ê ` f a ` r m l l ` f r d ` s b l h `

m u ` r t ` < d Z u d ä f f l ` s p r ` s l h ` cj j f s d ` h j h i u j f h l ` s l a ` f hd h l , j m ` -

f j z j h l , p r ` s d l f j h l < ¼ Z u d ä f f l f d ` b j s u s p r l p d j s i l f v d i i d l f ` s j ft `

c js
js t ` m p ` s t j h ` s h ` c j v d h j <

H ` s i l f a í ` h ` c js p ` r s l f j s q u ` f l r ` i l f l i ` f s u s h ` o dc dh j h `s . X l-

h l s t ` f ` m l s f u ` s t r l s c ím
í m d t ` s . M u i k l s h ` c llss q u ` s ` g u z b j f ` s t j o c ` s

y s ` b u r l s f l sl p l r t j f s dt u j i dl f ` s dm p r`vdsdo c`s. P f j irdsds adfjfid`rj

` s i j p j z h ` r l o j r c ` s cj
c j t r j f q u dc
d c d h j h . P f a r j i j s l c l s h ` p r d m ` . P f j i rríí t d -

i j c l s cc
c c ` vvjj j r ` j i i d l f ` s d f t ` m p ` s t d v j s . P f j ` f a ` r m ` h j h c l s h ` p r d m ` .

^ ` h r l ` r j d m p j i d ` f t ` p ` r l f l v l c u o c `. Y u i j r ê i t ` r ` rj s ù c d h l . Y u a jc -

t j a u ` m u y b r j v ` , p ` r l cj
cj f ` b j i d ù f q u ` k d z l h ` I r d s t l s ` h ` o d ù j u f

m d ` h l d f t ` f s l q u ` t j p ù c j s v ` f t j f j s h ` s u d f t` cd b` f id j. Y d k u o d ä s ` -

m l s v d v ddh
h l `f
`f j q u ` c t d` m p l , q u d z ê s f l k j o r í j m l s i l m ` t d h l ` s ` `r r lr ,

p u ` s f l k j o r í j m l s t ` f d h l ` c v j c l r f d p j r j ` f t r j r j j q u ` c p jjtt dl
dl .

H l s b r j f h ` s ` r r l rr`` s y h l s h ` s t ddf
fls

C j s a j ct
ct js q u ` ^ ` h r l i l m ` t d ù f l au ` r l f m ` f l s b r j v ` s q u ` c js h ` G u -

h j s . G u h j s t r j d i d l f ù j G ` s ÷ s p l r t r ` ddf
f t j m l f ` h j s h ` p cj
c j tj
t j , y ^ ` h r l ccll

f ` b ù j f t ` t r ` s p ` r s l f j s h ` o j gj p l s d i d ù f s l i dj c . P f l t r jd id l fù , l tr l
f ` b ù . Y d o d`
d` f c l s h l s ` r r l r ` s a u ` r l f b r j f h ` s y b r j v ` s , b ` f ` r j r l f h l s

h ` s t d f l s h d a ` r ` f t` s .

X j f tl
tl G u h j s i l m l ^ ` h r l cccc l r j rl
r l f j m j r b j m ` f t ` . C l s h l s ` x p ` r dd--

m ` f t j r l f u f h r j m ê t d i l s ` f t d m d ` f t l h ` i u cp j . M d ` f tr j s ^ ` h r l j m j o j
d f t ` f s j m ` f t ` j G ` s ÷ s , G u h j s cl j h m d r j o j d f m ` f s j m ` f t ` . @c j m l r h `

^ ` h r l r ` s ds
d s t d ù ``cc h r j m j h ` c j i u c p j , ccjj j h m d r j i d ù f h ` G u h j s s u i u m o d ù

j äc.

^`hrl r`ilrhù qu` G`s÷s kjoíj hdikl qu` cl f`bjríj. Guhjs r`ilrhù

q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j o í j h d i k l q u ` c l t r j ddii d l f j r í j . ^ ` h r l a u ` j c i j f z j h l p l r u f j

m d r j h j h ` m d s ` r d i l r h d j h ` G ` s ÷ s . G u h j s t u v l u f p r ddvv d cc`` b d l m j y l rr,, p u ` s

G ` s ÷ s c l c c j m ù j m d b l ` f `c m l m ` f t l h ` c j t r j d i d ù f . ^ ` h r l i l m p r ` f h d ù

c j m d r j h j h ` G ` s ÷ s . G u h j s f l i l m p r ` f h d ù ccjj p j cj
cj o rj « j m db l µ .Gu h js

f l i l m p r ` f h d ù cj i l m p j s d ù f h ` c M j ` s t r l . 3 @c r`suctjhl<

^ ` h r l s ` p ` r h l f ù p ` r l G u h j s s ` j u t l i l f h ` f ù . I j h j cê b r dm j q u `

^ ` h r l h ` r r j m ù p r l h u g l u f j j m j r b j c ` i i ddùù f h ` v d h j , y i j h j c ê b r d m j

q u ` Gu h j s h ` r r j m ù p r l h u g l u f j m j r b l s ` f t dm d ` f t l h ` i u c p j. @
@cc h l c l r

h ` ^ ` h r l l x d b ` f ù s u ` m l i d ù f , c l k d z l i l m p r ` f h ` r s u a r j bbdd cd
cd hj h . @
@cc

h l c l r h ` G u h j s s l a l i ù s u ` m l i d ù f y ccll v l c v d ù u f j p ` r s l f j d f h d b f j .

G u h j s r l m p d ù r ` c j i d l f ` s i l f t l h l s . ^ ` h r l f l s ` j d s c ù j f t ` `c h l c l r

s d f l q u ` m ê s o d ` f t u v l ` c v j c l r h ` i l m p j r t d r s u a j c cj
cj i l f s u s j m d b l s .

^ l r ` s l , s u f ` b j i d ù f a u ` i l m ` f t j h j ` f c l s i u j t rl ` v j f b ` c d l s y au ` l o -

g`tl h ` df f u m ` r j o c` s i k j r cj s `ftr` cls p r dm `r l s i rdstdjf ls. X l h l s s`

vd`rlf r` ac`gj h ls `f ^ `hrl. Cj kdstlrdj r`v`cj j uf k l m o r ` q u ` j p r ` f -

h d ù j s ` r b r j f h ` p l r v ` r y j h m dt d r s u p ` q u ` f ` z . Y l c l c l s b r j f h ` s

k l m o r ` s s l f i j p j i ` s h ` ` s j j it
i t ddtt u h . Y ` m j f j s h ` s p u ä s h ` c j m u ` r t `

h ` G ` s ÷ s , ^ ` h r l t u v l r ` j i i d l f ` s d f u s d t j h j s . Ä cc,, q u ` k j o í j f ` b j h l j

G ` s ÷ s h ` cjf t` h ` p ` r s l f j s k u m dch ` s , k jo cù p ÷ o cd i j m ` f t` j f t` m dc`s

h ` p ` r s l f j s s l o r ` s u j m l r p l r `c M j ` s t r l , ` f i ` f h d ` f h l ` s ` m d s m l

j m l r ` f cj
c j m u c t d t u h ( K ` i k l s h ` c l s J p ù s t l c ` s ? . ::88 ) .

H ` s p u ä s h ` ` s l , ^ ` h r l a u` j rr ` s tj h l v j r dj s v ` i` s , p ` r l f u f i j m ê s

f ` b ù j G ` s ÷ s . @ s tu v l h ` c jf t ` h ` cl s m d s m l s k l m o r ` s h` c Y j f ` hr íf
q u ` k j o í j f m j f h j h l b l c p ` j r jjcc M j ` s t r l , p ` r l j k l r j a u ` ` c l i u ` f t ` y

s ` b u r l . C l s m d r ù h d r ` i t j m ` f t ` j c l s l g l s y c ` s hd
h d gl
gl q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j o íj

r ` s u i d tj
tj h l , v ` f i d ` f h l cl d f d m j b d f j o c ` 7 `c i j l s h ` c j m u ` rt ` .

C j s u p ` r j i d ù f h ` c j m u ` r t ` p l r G ` s ÷ s ` s u f j f l t d i dj
dj m j r j v d c c l s j q u `

` f t r j ` f c j ` s a ` r j h ` c j a `,
` , t r j s i ` f h d ` f h l c j d f v ` s t d b j i d ù f h ` c j i d ` f iidd j

y s l o r ` p j s j f h l `c j f ê c d s d s p r l p u ` s t l p l r ` s t j i l c ` i i d ù f . C l q u ` h ` -

s ` l r ` s j c ttjj r j q u í ` s q u ` , h ` s p u ä s h ` c j m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s ÷ s , ` c ^ ` h r l t í m d -

h l y j m ` h r ` f t j h l s ` i l fv dr td ù ` f u f k l m o r ` v j c d `f t ` ` d m oj td oc `.

Yd ^`hrl fl kuod`s` f`bjhl j G`s÷s, tjc v`z fl kuod`s` r``hdtjhl

jcbu fj s êr`j s häo dc`s h` su p ` r s l f j c d h j h . ^ ` rrll , jjcc r ` i l f l i ` r s u s

c d m d t j i d l f ` s y j p r ` f h ` r j cccc l rj
r j r,
r, s u ` s p í r d t u s ` c c ` f ù h ` uf jm lr

d f ` x p ccdd ij
i j o c `.
` . @ s ` j m l r p ` f ` t r ù ` f i j h j ê r ` j h ` s u j c m j y ccll t r j s a l r m ù

p l i l j p l i l ` f u f k l m o r ` hù
h ù i d cc,, j m j o c ` , b ` f t d c,
c , t l c ` r j f t`
t` .

C j s h l s i j r t j s q u ` ` s i r d o d ù jjcc a df
d f j c h ` s u v d h j r ` a c`
c ` gj
gj f s u i j m o d l .

_ ` v ` c j f j u f p ` f s j h l r s ` f s d o c ` , p ` r s p d i j z y j a jo c `. ^ ` h r l h d i ` ` f s u s

` s i rd tl s q u ` h ` o ` m l s j m j r f l s j r h d ` f t` m ` f t ` i l f u f j m l r b ` f u df l 5

q u ` h ` o ` m l s h ` s p l g j r f l s h ` t l h j ` f v ddh
h dj , m j c h j h y a j cs ` h j h . T h
hdd gl
gl

t j m o d ä f j c b l s l r p r ` f h ` f t ` 7 q u ` G ` s ÷ s ` s t j o j v dv l `f c l íf t d m l h ` s u

s `r
` r . ^ ` r l a u ` j ÷ f m ê s c ` ggll s . H d ggll q u ` c j h d f ê m d i j h ` c j s r ` c j i d l f ` s s l -

i d jc ` s h ` o ` i j m o dj r , q u ` f l h ` o ` m l s p j b j r m j c i l f m j c fd d f
fgg u r d j

ilf dfgurdj.

C j ` m l i d ù f h ` ^ ` h r l ` x u h j o j s ` f s d o d c d h j h . J c aadd f
fjj c h ` s u p r d m ` r j

i j r t j , ` f u m ` r j c llss p r d f i d p ddll s q u ` h ` a d f ` f j u f v ` r h j h ` r l c í h ` r . J s d m d -
c j f h l c js
j s p j c j o r j s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s , j a d r m j q u ` c ls
l s c ííh
h ` rr`` s

fl h`o`f ilftrlcjr j cjs p`rslf js, fd s`r bjf jfi dlsl s y jfsdl sls,

s d f l m l h ` c l s h ` k u m d ch j h , h ` s l o r d` h j h y h ` ê f d m l j ft ` cj s t u r o u -

c ` f i dj
d j s h ` c j v d h j . T t ` r m d f ù i l m l ` c m ê s p l ä t d i l h ` c ls
ls ` s i r d t l r ` s 7 «
Y j c u h j l s c l s u f l s j c l s l t r l s i l f ` c ù s i u c l h ``cc j m l r . ^ j z j t l h l s

vl sl trl s q u ` `stêds ` f Irdstl µ (d ^ ` h r l 0 . : 8 ) .

@f su guv`f tuh, ^`hrl f l jhmdtíj la `f sj s. @ rrjj h ddaa íi

í i ddcc ` f i l f t r j r

s ` f s d o d c dh
d h j h ` f s u s j i t d t u h ` s . @ r j i j p j z h ` u s j r c j ` s p j h j s d s ` cc`` i l f -

t r j r d j o j . ^ ` r l ` c g l v ` f d r r d ttjj h l ` d f s ` f s d o c ` s ` t r j s a l r m ù ` f ` c p l ` t j h `

c j s l c d h j r d h j h . Y u i j r t j m ê s ` x t ` f s j c j t ` r m d f j s df
d f i r í t ddii j s f
fdd ` x d b ` f -

i d j s y s df s ` ú j c j r h ` a ` i t l s .

X ` r m df j h ` s p d h d ä f h l s ` h ` a l r m j s u o c d m ` , h d s tr do u y ` fh l o ` s l s h `

j m l r j t l h l s . ¡ I u ê f c ` g l s ` s t j o j ` s t ` ^ ` h r l h ` j q u ` c ^ ` h r l d f h d vd
vd h
h--

u j cd
c d sstt j y j b r ` s d v l h ` c l s t d ` m p l s ` f q u ` ` f a r ` f t j o j ` c m j r ! G ` s ÷ s

r`vlcuidlfù su vdhj.

F u f i j `c j m l r s j f ù t j f t l c j s k ` r dh j s h
h`` c j c m j . F u f i j s ` s u p l h `

j c b u d ` f q u ` j p r ` f h d ` r j t j f t l t ` f d ` f h l ttjj f p l i l . @ c j p ù s t l c ^ ` h r l t j m -

o dä
dä f s ` t r j s a l r m ù ` f u f M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j .

4| g u j f 7 j f t ` s y h ` s p u ä s h `c

M J @ Y X _ L - @ C ^ _ L I @ Y L H@

X_JY AL_MJIDÙF
C j t rj
r j s aal
l r m j i d ù f h ` c j p ` r s l f j c ddh
hjh h` Gu j f

J G u j f s ` cc`
` i l f s d h ` r j ` c m ê s h ù i d c h ` c l s h d s i íp
íp u c l s , p ` r l ` s l f l

ilrr`splfh` j cj r`jcdhjh. Yd od`f, j cl cjrbl h` su vdhj s` trjsalrmù

` f u f s ` r k u m j f l r ` p cc`
` tl
tl h ` j m l r , j f t ` s h ` ` f i l f t r j r s ` i l f G ` s ÷ s y

h u r j f t ` s u p ` r ` b r df
d f j i dù
d ù f i l f ` c M j ` s t r l s u s ` m l i d l f ` s ac
ac u i t u j o j f

i l m l u f p ä f h u c l . X ` f íj
í j m l m ` f t l s h ` h u ccz
z u r j j cctt ` rrf
fjhls ilf r`
`jji-

i d l f ` s h ` ddf
f t ` f s j j b r ` s d v dh
dh j h . Y u s d m p c d i d h j h s ` m ` z i c j o j i l f su

d f t l c ` rrj
j f i d j . A u ` ä c q u d ` f p r l p u s l ` c ddm
m d f j r j ccl
ls lp lsdtlr`s.

GG`
` s ÷ s t ` f íj ufj j h m dr j i dù f ` s p ` i dj c k j i dj cj s p ` rs l f j s i l m p cd-

ijhjs. @f ufj lijsdùf h`icjrù qu` kjoíj v`fdhl j cls `fa`rmls.

Zu`ríj mlch`jrc`s su p`rslfjcdhjh y kji`r h` `ccls p`rslfjs p`f-

s j f t ` s.
s. I l m l ^ ` h r l , G u j f t ` f í j b r j v
v`` s h ` a ` i t l s h ` p ` r s l f j c ddh
hjh. Fl

k j y d f h d i d l s h ` q u ` a u ` r j k d p ` r j i t ddv
v l , p ` r l k j y ` v dh
dh ` f i d j s h ` q u ` ` r j

` x p c l s dv
d v l y q u ` f l s j o í j r ` j i i d l f j r j f tt`
` c j s i l f t r j r dd`
`h jh `s. Xjm odäf,

s`m`gjft` j ^`hrl, `ftr` sus prdfidpjc`s ijrjit`rístdijs s` h`stjijojf

cj t r j f s p j r ` f i d j y cj
cj s df
d f i ` r d h j h . F l s j o í j l i u c t j r s u s s ` f t ddm
m d`ftls.

F l h d s a rrj
j z j o j c l s s ` i r ` t l s h ` c j cm
cm j .

X ` f íj
íj u f j ` f l r m ` i j p j i d h j h p j r j l o s ` r v j r h ` t j cccc ` s . _ ` b d s t rrj
j o j cl s

i l m p l r tj
t j m d ` f tl
t l s h ` G ` s ÷ s `f
` f c l s s u ` ccl
l s h ` s u m ` m l r dj
d j i l m l uf
uf

a l t ù b r j al
a l p r l a ` s ddl
lfjc q u` lo s`rvj cuz
z,, s l m o r j y ` s p j i d l . H ` s h ` `c
`c

p r d f i dp
dp d l , p ` r i d o dù
d ù q u ` G ` s ÷ s f l t l c ` r j o j c j j b r ` s d v ddh
h j h . J u f q u ` a u ` rrj
j

víitdm j h`
`cc b j t ddcc ccl
l h ` cj
cj m ` m l r d j y, i l f s ` i u ` f t ` m ` f t ` , h d ` r j r ` s p u ` s -

t j s r ê p d h j s y s df
df p ` f s j
jrr , ` f t ` f h d ù q u ` G ` s ÷ s ` x ddb
b íj
íj u f p r ` i d l h ` ccj
j

d f t`
t ` c ddbb ` f i d jj.. X ` f í j q u ` j p r ` f h ` r ``cc j r t ` h ` p ` r h l f j r , h ` s l p l r t j r iirr ít
í t d-
d-

i j s , j s ` r r ` i k j z j h l y j ` f a r ` f t j r c j s d f g u s t d i ddjj s .

Gu jf yj k jo íj r`idodhl j cb u f j s c`i idl f `s h ` s u m j h r ` y h ` su pjhr`.

C j p ` q u ` ú j d f h u s t r d j h ` p ` s i j q u ` t ` f í j W ` o ` h ` l r ` aacc `g
`g jo j j u f k l m

o r`
r ` h ` ä x dt
d t ll55 p l r c l t j f t l , G u j f y s u k ` r m j f l G j i l o l y j k j o í j f ` x p ` r dd--

m ` f t j h l ``cc s j o l r h ` c ääxx dt
d t ll.. @ r jjf
f j m o d i d l s l s . @ f i dd`` r ttll m l m ` f t l h ` c j

t r j y ` iitt l r d j h ` G ` s ÷ s , j m o l s r ` v ` c j r l f ` s t j i j r j i t ` r í s t ddii j h ` s u p ` r s l f -
j c dh
dh j h . ^ j r j s l r p r ` s j h
h`` c M j ` s t r l , ` f v d j r l f j s u m j h r ` j p ` h ddrr c ` q u `

` f s u r ` ddf
f l u f l s ` s ` f t j r j j s u h ` r ` i k j y ` c l t r l j s u d z q u dd`` r h j . F l

`ft`fhíjf q u` `c r ` df l h` G`s÷ s t` f í j l tr j hdm`f sdùf, qu ` fl

p ` r t ` f ` i í j j ` s t ` m u f h l a ís
í s d i l . I r ` í j f q u ` G ` s ÷ s j s u m d r í j ``cc b l o d ` r f l

h ` c r ` d f l h ` D sr
s r j`
j ` c.
c. T ` f ` s ` ` v ` f t u j c b l o d ` r f l , h ` s ` j o j f c l s p r d m ` r l s

c u b j r ` s , h ` g j f h l c l s h ` m ê s p j r j c l s l t r l s h d s i íípp u c l s.
s.

Y l r p r ` f h d h l , G ` s ÷ s h d g l q u ` f l s j o í j f c l q u ` ` s t j o j f p d h dd`` f h l . C ` s

p r ` b u f t ù s d s ` r í j f i j p j i ` s h ` o ` o ` r ` c i ê c ddzz q u ` ääcc o ` o ` r í j , ` c i ê c ddzz h `

su m j r t ddrr d ll.. ^ r ` i d p ddtt j h l s , ` c c l s i l f t ` s t j r l f q u ` sí. ^ r l o j o c ` m ` f t `

p ` f s j r l f q u ` s ` t r j t j o j h ` u f i êêcc ddzz h ` v d f l i l f ` c q u ` i ` c ` o r j r í j f c j

vditlrdj.

^jrj cls hdsi ípu cls, r`suctjoj h

hdd aí
a í i ddcc ` f t ` f h ` r ``cc m ` f s j g ` h ` G ` s ÷ s . @c

M j ` s t r l , s ddf
f ` m o j r b l , r ` v ` c j f h l u f j p j i d ` f i d j ` s p ` i d j c f l h ` s d s t íj y

i u j f h l c ls
l s r ` p r ` f h í j , c l k j i í j i l f h u c z u r j . ^ l i l j p l i l ``cc j r t ` s j f l

h `c
` c j c m j d oj
oj ` s i u c p d ` f h l u f j l o r j m j ` s t r j ` f ` s l s g ù v ` f ` s d f ``xx -

p`rtls.

X l h l o u ` f c ííh
h ``rr ` s t d m u c j j s u s h d r d b d h l s j k j i ` r b r j f h ` s i l s j s ,

jufqu` f j h dd`` h ` s ` j s ` r s u p ` r j h l . X l h l b r j f m j ` s t r l ` f s ` ú j ` s -

p`rjfhl qu` sus hdsiípucls s` dbujc`f j äc, p`rl qu` fl cl sl-

o r ` p j s` f . @c ilmpl rtjm d`ftl h` G`s÷s `f `sj ê r `j au ` ttjj f

h ` s d f t ` r ` s j h l q u ` h ddgg l q u ` , h ` s p u ä s h ` s u m u ` r t ` , s u s h d s i íípp u c l s

k jr
j r íj
í j f l o r j s m j y l r ` s q u ` c j s q u ` äc
äc m d s m l k j o í j k ` i k l . H ` s ` j o j q u `

G u j f y c l s l t r l s t u v d ` r j f cj j m o d i d ù f m ê s c` b í tdm j y s ù cdh j 7 cj h ` j m j r
j c j s p ` r s l f j s d f t ` f s j m ` f t ` , j cd
c d v ddjj rc
r c js
js y j y u h j r c j s j i l m p r ` f h ` r q u `

p jr j H d l s s l f ` s p ` i d j c ` s , d f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` h ` s u s a j cc js , h ` s u s

h d a d i u ct
c t j h ` s y h ` s u i l f h d i d ù f s l iidd j cc..

Gujf `stjoj d m p r ` s d l f j h l jc p r ` s ` f i d j r `c i u d h j h l i j r d ú l s l h `
G ` s ÷ s k j i d j c j s p ` r s l f j s . @c M j ` s t r l t r j t j o j j c l s h ` s v j c d h l s i l f c j

m d s m j j t ` f i d ù f q u ` h j o j j c l s c ííh
h ` rr`` s h ` D s r j ` c . A u ` i j p j z h ` k j i ` r

i j c cj
c j r j cj
c j m u cctt d t u h s l c l p j r j k j o c j r i l f u f j m u g ` r q u ` k j i í j j ú l s

s u a r í j h ` u f j k ` m l r r j b d j . D f t ` r r u m p í j i l m d t d v j s y ` x t ` f h íj
íj cj s m j f l s

j c l s m ` f h d b l s i l m l sd ` cc l s a u ` rj f cj s p ` r s l f j s m ê s d m p l r t j f t ` s

h `c
` c m u f h l . I d ` b l s , p j rrjj c í t d i llss , c ` p r l s l s t ` f í j f s u h í j h ` p r í f iidd p ` s

i u j f h l s ` ` f i l f t r j o j f i l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` cj
c j Q d h j . CCjj k u m j f d h j h h `

G ` s ÷ s p r l h u i í j cj o l r j t l r d l s q u ` d m p j i t j o j f cj ` m l i d ù f i l f t ` f d h j h`

Gujf.

C l s a j r d s ` l s h ` i í j f q u ` G ` s ÷ s ` r j u f c l i l . J m ` f j z j o j f i l f j r-
r-

r ` s tj
t j r ccll y m j t j r c l , p ` r l G ` s ÷ s f l s ` p ` r t u r o j o j y c l s t r j t j o j i l f

m j f s ` h u m o r ` . @ f c u b j r h ` ` x p u c sj r cl s , c ` s i l f t j o j p j r ê o l c j s p j r j

j o r d r c j s v ` f t j f j s h ` s u d f t ` c ddbb ` f i d jj..

G u j f o ` o í j i l f t d f u j h j m ` f t ` h ` cj s j o d h u r í j h ` G ` s ÷ s . C j s o j s ` s

` f a ` r m j s h ` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` h ` ` s t ` h d s i í p u c l a u ` r l f r ` ` s i r d t j s c ``f
f tj
tj

p ` r l i l f s d s t ` f t ` m ` f t ` . Jc
J c p r df
d f i d p d l , p d h ddùù j G ` s ÷ s q u ` j c l s l p l s d -

t l r ` s c l s ` c d m d f j r j h ` u f j v ` z . ^ l f ` r ccjj l t r j m ` g d cccc j f l ` r j i l s j q u `

` s t u v d ` r j r ` b d s t r j h j ` f ` c h d i i d l f j r d l h ` s u v d h j . « J c llss ` f ` m d b l s <

I j s t d b l ` g `m p c j r . ^ ` r l i l f ` c p j s l h `c t d ` m p l s ` a u ` i l f t j b d j h l h`c

j m l r h ` G ` s ÷ s . I l m ` f z ù j m d r j r j ccjj s p ` r s l f j s i l f c l s l g l s h ` c

i l r j z ù f . C j s v ` í j j t r j v ä s h ` c v ` ccll h ` s u s i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s . ^ j s ù j

` f t ` f h ` r q u ` , t r j s u f j p ` r s l f j j b r ` s d v j , a j c s j y j r r l b j f t ` k j o í j j c-
c-

b u d ` f q u ` q u d z ê s t u v l u f j d f a j f i d j d f aa`` cd
c d z.
z . H ` ` s j a l r m j , c j d ft
f t l cc--

` r j f i d j a u ` i ` h d ` f h l ` s p j i d l j c j b ` f t d c ` z j 5 ` c g u d i d l p r ` i d p d t j h l , j ccjj
i l m p r ` f s d ù f 5 c j ddf
f h d a ` r ` f i d j a u ` r ` ` m p c j z j h j p l r ccjj s u o c d m ` p r ` l i u -

pjidùf jft` `c hlcl r h` cls ltrls.

J m ds j m db l s 7 u f b r j f r ` b j cl

Jc
Jc a d f j c h ` s u i j m d f j r i l f G ` s ÷ s G u j f i l f l i d ù c j a u ` f t ` h ` c l s m ê s

` x i ` c ` f t ` s s ` f t d m d ` f t l s . @ f c j × c t d m j I ` f j , p ` r i d o dd`` f h l q u ` s u M j ` -

strl `stjoj trdst`, tuvl ufj jitdtuh df`sp`rjhj h`cjft` h` sus jmdbls.

_ ` i c df
df ù ccjj i j o ` z j slo r` ``cc p` ikl h` G`s÷ s. @c g l v ` f dmp `tuls l

j p r ` f h í j r ê p d h j m ` f t ` c j s c` i i d l f ` s h ` j m l r.

I l f ` s j j i i d ù f , G u j f ` s t j o j j b r j h ` i d ` f h l ` f s d c ` f i d l t l h l c l q u ` ``cc

M j ` s t r l k j o ííjj s d h l p j r j ääcc 5 r ` v ` c j f h l u f j m l r q u ` s l o r ` p j s j c llss

c í m dt
d t ` s h ` c j r j i ddll f j c d h j h . T
Tjj f l p l h r í j v l c v ` r j c m j r h ` B j c d c ` j , p u ` s

k j o íj
íj j p r ` f h d h l j f j v ` b j r ` f l t r j s j b u j s . I l m l G` s ÷ s , p l h r íj ` f -

a r ` f t j r h d a ddii u c t j h ` s m j y l r ` s q u ` c js
j s t ` m p ` s t j h ` s ` f ` c m j r,
r, p ` r l s u

v d h j s l c l t ` f h r í j s ` f t d h l s d s ` m j f t ` f í j jc c j h l h ` s u M j ` s t r l .

J p r ` f h d ù q u ` f l ` s `c t j m j ú l h ` c j s t ` m p ` s t j h ` s cl q u ` h ` t ` r m d f j

c j s l c ddh
h ` z h ` cj s ` b u r d h j h , s d f l cj i l f v d i i d ù f h ` c j p r l t ` i i d ù f . G j m ê s

s ` s d f td ù t j f p r l t ` b d h l i l m l g u f t l j s u M j ` s t r l . ^ r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` , p l r

p r d m ` r j v ` z ` f t ` f h d ù q u ` v jjcc í j c j p ` f j j r r d ` s b j r s ` p j r j t r j s a l r m j r c l s

m ê s o ` cccc l s s u ` ú l s ` f r ` j ccdd h j h .

@ f s u g u v ` f t u h , j c l s h d s i í p u c l s h ` G ` s ÷ s c `s
`s k j o í j f ` f s ` ú j h l j

i l m p ` t d r , j cu
c u i k j r p l r s u s d f t ` r ` s ` s , j l o t ` f ` r v ` f ttjj g j ` f t l h l , j p ` f -

s j r p r d m ` r l ` f ` cccc l s y h ` s p u ä s ` f c l s h ` m ê s . ^ ` r l u f h í j i l f l i d ` r l f

j u f v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s q u ` ` r j , j h ` m ê s , u f ` x i ` c` f t` ` h u i j h l r. @
@cc

Mj`strl cls pusl `f sdtujidlf`s dmpr`vdsdoc`s. Yjiù j cj cuz cjs h`ad-

i d ` f i d j s h ` s u s p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` s p j r j t r j f s a l r m j r c j s . I u r ù c j s k `r d hj s

h ` s u s j c m j s y c ` s v ` f h d ù ` c s u ` ú l h ` c j m l r d f i llf
f h d i d l f j cc..
 I u j f h l t ` r m d f ù c j i ` f j , G ` s ÷ s s ` r `t
` t d rrùù . C j f l i k ` ` r j a rríí j y h ` f s j ,

p ` r l j c b l q u ` m j o j ` f s u d f t`
t ` rd
r d l r.
r. Y u s ÷ c t d m j s p j c j o r j s k j o í j f s d h l

` c l i u ` f t ` s ( G u j f : 9 j c : ; ) . F l c `s
`s p ` h í j k ` i k l s k ` r l d i l s f d p ` r a ` i -
i d ùf
ù f , s d f l s l c j m ` f t ` q u ` p ` r m j f ` i d ` r j f ` f s u j m l r . C ` s hd
h d g l q u ` ccjj

÷ f d i j i l s j q u ` c l s k jjrr íj
í j s ` r r ` i l f l i d h l s i l m l s u s h d s i í p u c l s s ` r í j ``cc

j m l r h ` c l s u f l s p l r c l s l t r l ss.. C j m j r i j h ` u f j f u ` v j v d h j f l ` r j

h j h j p l r c j s i l f q u d s t j s y cj
c j ` c l i u ` f i d j h ` c j s p j c j o r j s , s d f l p l r `c

j m l r ` f t r ` ` c ccll s . Y d f ttjj c j m l r , t l h l c l q u ` k d i d ` s ` f s ` r í j ` s t är
ä r d c y sd
sdf

vdh j.

T hdgl m ê s 7 Hdgl q u ` f l i l f s dh ` r j o j j s u s h ds i íp u cl s i l m l sd`rvls,

p u ` s u f s d ` r v l h ` s i l f l i ` c l q u ` ` s t ê l i u c tl
t l ` f ``cc p ` f s j m d ` f t l h ` s u

s ` ú l r. Ä
Äcc c ls
ls i l f s d h ` r j o j s u s j m d b l s , p u ` s ` f t r ` j m d b l s u f l s j o `

q u ä ` s c l q u ` ` s t ê ` f ` c i l r j z ù f h ``cc l t r l . G ` s ÷ s k d zl
zl h ` c l s gù v ` f ` s

b j cd c` l s s u s j m d b l s í f td m l s . I l f a d r m ù ` s l h d id ` f hl q u ` f l k j y m j y -

l r j m l r q u ` h j r ccjj p r l p d j v d h j p l r c l s j m d b l s .

Ilf `s j s pjcjorjs, h`gù uf m `f sjg` `sp`itjiucjr. @

@cc ê p d i ` h ` c j

r ` c ji
ji dù f h` c s ` r k u m j f l i l f H d l s ` s cj j m d s t j h . K j y q u d ` f ` s q u d `r ` f

s ` r s d ` r v l s y ` s i c j v l s h ` H d l ss,, p ` r l H d l s q u d ` r ` j m d b l s , p j r j r ` v ` -

c j rc
r c `s
` s cl
cl s s ` i r ` t l s h ` s u i l r j z ù f . L t r l s q u d `r ` f s ` r s ÷ o h d t l s h ` c M j ` -

s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s , p ` r l ä c q u d ` r ` j m d b l s q u ` i l f l z i j f c j ddf
f t dm
dm d h jh

h ` s u i l r j z ù f . M u i k l s m u ` s t r j f r ` vv`` r ` f i dj
d j j H d l s,
s, p ` r l fl s j o ` f

q u ` c j m j y l r r ` v ` r ` f i dj
d j ` s v l c v ` r s ` u f j m d b l í f t dm
d m l h ` äc
äc .

H ` s p u ä s h ` ` s j s p j cj o rj s , G ` s ÷ s c ` s p r l m ` t d ù jc b l d m p l s d o c ` h` s ` r

los`rvjhl plr cj dfv`stdbjidùf psdilcùbdij. ^rlm`tdù `fvdjrc`s uf

Ilfslcjhlr, `c @spírdtu Yjftl, qu` plhríj hjrc`s au`rzj `f cj h`odc-

d h j h , s ` b u r d h j h ` f c j s t l r m ` f t j s , j c ` b r í j ` f c j s p ` f j s . C j i d ` f i ddjj s `

i j c ccjj h ` c j f t ` h ` c llss a ` f ù m ` f l s q u ` s ` r ` c j i d l f j f i l f ` c @ s p í rd
r d tu
tu Y j f -
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` f i d j p ` r s l f j c , h ` ccjj i r ` ` f i d j d f h d vd
vd h u
ujj c . Y l c l p l h ` m l s h ` i d r q u ` , s df
df

h u h j s , h ` s p u ä s h ` c j m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s ÷ s , c l s g ù v ` f ` s a r ê b d c`
c` s y j m ` -
h r ` f t j h l s t u v d ` r l f u f j v j f i ` d f t ` cc`` i t u j c y ` m l i d l f j c s d f p r ` i ` h ` f t ` s .

Y ` v l c v dd`` r l f v j c d ` f t ` s , d f ttrr ä p d h l s , l s j h l s . X u v d ` rrll f j i t d t u h ` s q u ` f l s

h`gjf olqudjod`rtls7 ijftj ojf `f c j i ê r i ` cc,, s` jc`brjojf `f c js

js

p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s y r ` v ` c j o j f t r j f q u d ccdd h j h ` f ` c m j r ttdd r d l . C l s s ` i r ` t l s

q u ` al r m j r l f cj p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s s l f a j s i d f j f t ` s .

J cl s p d` s h ` c j iru z

G ` s ÷ s pr`hdgl s u m u `r t` vjrdjs v` i`s. K j o cù h ` cjs `tj p j s h` su

m j r t dr
d r d l ssdd f h j r m j y l r ` s h ` t j c c ` s p ` r l s u s h d s i í p u c l s p ` f s j r l f q u ` c j

i r u i ddaa dx
d x d ù f ` r j u f j a d iiii d ùùf
f , uf i u ` f t l . F l i l m p r ` f h d ` r l f s u s p j c -

j o r j s , p u ` s ` s t j o j f s ` h u i d h l s p l r ` c p l h ` r . Y l c j m ` f t ` ` f ``cc m l -

m ` f t l h ` c j × c t d m j I ` f j p ` r i d o d ` r l f ` f ` c j m o d ` f t ` j c b l h d aa`` r `f
`f t `.

G ` s ÷ s f u f i j s ` k j o í j v d s t l m ê s t r d s t ` q u ` i u j f h l G u j f r ` i c d f ù cj

i j o ` z j s l o r ` s u p ` i k l y ^ ` h r l c ` p r l m ` t d ù q u ` m l r d r í j i l f ä cc..

^ ` r l c j k l r j c cc`` b ù y ``cc m d ` h l c ` s j t j i ù ` c j c m j . G ` s ÷ s a u ` j r r ` s t j h l .

X l h j ví
v í j f l ` r j m ` h d j f l i k ` , y a u ` ccjj f l i k ` m ê s c jr
jr b j y p ` r t u r oj h l r j

q u ` t u v d ` r l f . @c m u f h l q u ` h ù p ` q u ` ú l p j r j t j f t l m d ` h l y t j f t j s p r ` -

buftjs.

^ r l o j o c ` m ` f t ` p ` f s j o j f q u ` ``cc M j ` s t r l ` s i j p j r í j , p u ` s ä c s d ` m p r `

k j oí j ` s i j p j h l h ` p r l o c ` m j s m j y l r ` s , c c` b j f h l d f i cu s l j h l m d f j r

t ` m p ` s t j h ` s . F l t ` f í j f d h ` j h ` q u ` , ` f ``cc m d s m l m l m ` f t l ` f q u ` s `

t r j f q u dc dz j o j f p ` f s j f h l ` f s u p l h
h`` r,
r , p l r ``cc r l s t r l h ` G ` s ÷ s i llrr r ííjj f

bltj s h` sjfbr`. F l sjoíjf qu`, md`ftrjs `stjojf r ` i l r h j f h l su s

brjfh `s k`ikls, ``cc iu`rpl h` G`s÷ s `stjoj iuordäfh ls` h`

k`mjtlmjs. ^`hrl h`o` h` kjo`r cc`bjhl `f cj mdtjh h` cj flik`.

I l f t ù j c l s l t r l s q u ` k j o í j f ` b j h l j s u M j ` s t r l . T,
T , ccll p ` l r , cc`` s hd
h d ggll ,

` r j q u ` j G ` s ÷ s c l ` s t j o j f b l c p ` j f h l . @ cc
c c ls
l s f l k ddii d ` r l f l ttrr j i l s j q u `
m d r j r s ` . K j o í j f ` f m u h ` i d h l . Y ddf
f h u h j q u ` j q u ` cc j a u ` u f j f l i k ` h `

t ` r r lr .

Cu`bl qu` cj jurlrj ilm`fzù j qudtjr cj lsiurdhjh h` cj flik` `f

G ` r u s j c ä f t r j y ` f h l cl s p r d m ` r l s r j y l s h ` s l c, G u j f sj cd ù h ` cj i j s j .

J f d m j h l p l r cj v j c ` f t í j h ` M j r í j , cj m j h r ` h ` G ` s ÷ s , y cj h ` c j s l t r j s

M j r í j s q u ` c l s ` b u í j f , a u ` j v ` r h ` i ` r i j c l q u ` k j o í j s u i ` h d h l . C js
js

mug`r`s s` jplyjrlf `f cj `mlidùf 5 cls h d s i íípp u c l s , ` f `c p`f -

s j m d ` f t l . C j ` m l i d ù f p r ` v j c ` i d ù . @ cc
c c js
j s s j ccdd ` r l f , y cl
cl s h d s i í p u c l s , ` x -

i ` p t l G u j f, s ` q u ` h j r l f .

Jc
Jc v ` r j G ` s ÷ s s j c d r ` s i l c t j h l p l r s l c h j h l s h ` c j A l r t j c ` z j J f t l f d j ,

cj i j s j h ` ^ d c j t l ss,, b l c p ` j h l y i j s d d r r`
r ` i l f l i do
do c ` , G u j f t u v l qu`

kjo`rs` `ikjhl j cclrjr. Yus pd`rfjs qudzês t`mocjrlf, su ilrjzùf

h`sajcc`idù. @c ijmdfl kjstj `c Ijcvjrdl pjr`iíj dft`rmdfjoc`. Jc cc`bjr

j c c í , p r ` s ` f i d ù u f j ` s i ` f j t ` r rrdd oc
o c `.
`.

C l s b r d t l s h ` h l c l r h ` c l s i r u i d a ddii j h l s s ` m ` z i c j o j f i l f c j s c êb
êb r d -

m j s y ` c ` s p j f t l h ` c j m u i k ` h u m o r ` . _ j r j m ` f t ` k u o l t j c b ` f t í l p j rrjj

j s ds t dr j c j m u ` r t ` h ` u f i l f h ` f j h l . ^ l i l t d` m p l j f t ` s , G u j f k jo íj

r ` i cd
cd f j h l s u i j o ` z j s l o r ` ` c p ` i k l h ` G ` s ÷ s j b r j h ` i d ä f h l c ` p l r k jo ` r

j y u h j h l j t l h l s c ls
l s m d s ` r j o c ` s y l p r d m d h l s , ` f t r ` c llss i u j c ` s ` s t j o j

ä c m d s m l . J k l rrjj , G ` s ÷ s ` r j `c
`c m ê s m d s ` r j o c ` h ` t l h l s c l s k l m o r ` s ,

p ` r l f j h d ` p l h í j j y u h j r c l . ¡ Z u ä i l f t r j s tt`` !

I l m l v d m l s ` f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c J m l r , ` f c j m u c t ddtt u h k j o í j m d c ` s h `

p ` r s l f j s j c js
j s q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j o í j j y u h j h l y s j i d j h l . @ c ddm
m d f j r j G ` s ÷ s ` rrjj

i l m l s j i j r c ` s ``cc i l r j z ù f . G u j f ` s i u i k ù c l s b ` m d h l s h ` h l c l r h `
G`s÷ s. I lf t`m pcù su s m ÷ siu cl s `str`m `idäfhls`. Cl l o s ` r v ù icj-

m j f h l p l r j d r`
r ` y s ` h ` s ` s p ` r ù . ^ j r j s u ` s p j f t l , G ` s ÷ s c l cccc j m ù yy,, ` f

u f d f t ` f t l h ` i l f s l c j r c l , c ` p d h ddùù q u ` r ` i ddoo d ``rr j j M j r í j i l m l su

m j h r ` y i u d h j r j h ` `ccj . K j o c j r i c j v j h l ` f u f j i r u z ` x p j f h ` c l s m ÷ s -

i u c l s h ` c t ù r j x y j u m ` f t j `c h
hll c l r . X jjcc v ` z G u j f k j y j q u ` r d h l h ` i ddrr c ` 7 «

^ l r a jjvv llrr , Y ` ú l r , f l k j o cc`` . F l j u m ` f t ` s u s u a r d m d ` f t l . L c v í h ` s ` h `

m íµ .d Z u ä k l m o r ` ` s ä s ` q u ` p l f ` j c js p ` r s l f j s ` f p r d m ` r p cj fl ,

u o d i ê f h l s ` ääcc ` f ` c ÷ c t d m l c u b j r < ¼ Z u ä j m l r ` s ä s ` q u ` s ` l c v d h j h `

s u p r l p dl h l c l r p j r j i l f s l c j r `c h ` c l s h ` m ê s <

C j s r ` j i i d l f ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s ` f c j i r u z i j m o d j r í j f j G u j f p jr j s d ` m p r ` .

F l s `r í j m ê s `c m d s m l h ` s p u ä s h ` v ` r j G ` s ÷ s m l r d r i l m l u f m j f s l

i l r h ` r l p r ` a d r d ` f h l ``cc s ddcc ` f i d l m d ` f t r j s t l h j s s u s i ä c u c j s b r d t j o j f p l r

m d s ` r d i l r h dj
d j . A u ` r l f s ` d s k l r j s d f l c v d h j o c ` s h ` u f M j ` s t r l D f llcc vd
vd h
h--

joc`.

Dft`cdb`fidj `spdrdtujc7 `c r`sijt` h` cj `sp`rjfzj

@ f ``cc p j s j h l , y l p ` f s j o j q u ` o u s i j r j H d l s ``rr j u f j p ä r h d h j h `

t d ` m p l , u f j s ` ú j c h ` h ` o d ccdd h j h k u m j f j . K l y p d ` f s l i l m p c ` t j m ` f t `

h d a ` r ` f t ` . ^ ` r i d o l q u ` k j y u f i l f a c d i ttll ` x d s t ` f i d j c h ` f t r l h ` i j h j s ` r

k u m j f l , t r ê t ` s ` h ` u f r ` c d b d l s l l u f j t ` l , h ` u f d f t`
t` c` i t u
ujj c l u f j f j c -

ajo`tl.

C j p s dq
d q u d j ttrr í j t r j t j c l s t r j s t l r f l s p s í q u d i l s i l f j f t d h ` p r ` s d v l s y

t r j f q u d cd z j f t ` s , y cj p s d i l c l b í j , i l f t ä i f d i j s t ` r j p ä u t d i j s . ^ ` r l ` s t j s

i d ` f i d j s f l s l c u i d l f j f ` c v j i í l ``xx d sstt ` f i d jc
j c , f l h j f r ` s p u ` s t j j ccll s

m d s t ` r d l s h ` c j v d h j . ¼ Z u d ä f ` s s l m l s < ¼ ^ j r j h ù f h ` v j m l s < ¼ I u ê c ``ss

` c v ` r h j h ` r l s ` f t d h l h ` c j ` x d s tt`` f i d j < @
@cc m ê s ` c ` v j h l i l f l i d m d ` f t l

i d `f
` f t ía
í a d il
i l h ` c j a í s di
d i j , c j q u í m d i j , c j o d l c l b í j y ccjj s i d ` f i d j s k u m j f j s
j ÷ f s ` ` f i u ` f t r j ` f c j ` h j h h ` cj p d ` h r j p j r j i l f t ` s t j r j ` s j s d f h j b j -

idlf`s.

D f i u r s d l f j m l s i j h j v ` z m ê s ` f `c
` c m u f h l ` xxtt `r
` r ddll rr,, p ` r l c j v d h j k u -
m j f j s d b u ` s d ` f h l u f m d s t ` r ddll . ^ l r ` s l , h ` s j r r l c c j r c j df
d f t `c
` c db
db ` f i d j

` s p d r d t u j c f l ` s u f j s ` ú j c h ` p ` q u ` ú ` z , s d f l h ` b r j f h ` z j ` s p ddrr d ttu
ujc `

d ft
f t ` c`
c ` i t uj
u j c . @ s d m p l s d o c ` h ` s t r u d r ccjj o ÷ s q u ` h j í f t d m j p l r H d l s ` f `c
`c

s`r kumjfl, pu`s `ccj slor`pjsj j iujcqud`rj iucturj.

C j m d s m j s ` h q u ` u f d f h í b ` f j t d`
d ` f ` h ` s j o ` r q u ä k j y h ` t r ê s h ` cj
cj

slc`hjh h` ufj tumoj, kjodtj `c jcmj h` uf id`ftíadil h` Kjrvjrh. @c

m d s m l j f k ` c l q u ` ` x d s t ` ` f c j ` m l i d ù f h ` u f r ` c d b dl
d l s l p l r cj
cj s u -

p ` r j i d ù f h ` c i j l s h ` c j m u ` r t ` , ` x d s t ddùù ` f ` c j c m j h ` M j r x y A rr`` u h . @c
@c

s l i d j c d s m l d f t ` f t ù h ` t l h j s c j s a l r m j s h ` s t r u ddrr c j a ` h ` c l s p u ` o c l s .

K ly
l y , ` f _ u s d j y ` f c j s h ` m ê s s l i d ` h j h ` s q u ` v ddvv dd`` r l f m ê s h ` m ` h d l

s d b c l o j g l `c
` c r ä b d m ` f s l i d j c d s t j k j y u f j ` x p c l s d ù f h ` a`
a` .

_ ` i d ` f t ` m ` f t ` , cc`` í u f j ` f t r ` v ddss t j h ` B l r v j i k l v h ù f h ` h ` i í j 7 « Hdls

i r ` ù `c
`c m u f h l y f l q u d s l b l o ` r f j r c l , p l r ` s l p j s ù c j t j r ` j j c l s k l m -

o r `s , p `r l cl s k l m o r ` s q u d ` r ` f b l o ` r f j r c l s l c l s µ . @
@cc k l m o r ` q u `

s`puctù cj bu`rrj aríj, qu` ir`idù j cls pd`s h`c ilmufdsml, ir`` `f

Hdls.

¼ Z u ä ` s c j d f t ` cd
c d b ` f i ddjj ` s p d r d t u j c < @ s j q u ` c c j d f t ` c d b `f
` f i d j q u ` h ` rrdd v j

h `c
`c i l f i ` p t l i l f s i d ` f t ` l df i l f s i d ` f t ` h ` q u ` « cj v dh j k u m j f j ` s

u f j b r j f p r ` b u f t j o u s i j f h l u f j b rj f r ` s p u ` s t j µ . @ s c j d f t`
t ` cd
c d b ``f
f i ddjj

q u ` o u s i j `c s ` f t d h l h ` cj v d hj , ` s ` s ` f t d h l q u ` cj p ` r s l f j j a d r m j q u `

fl ir``.

D f t ` c ddbb ` f i ddjj ` s p d r d t u jjcc ` s c j o ÷ s q u ` h j , d f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` h ` u f j

r ` cd
c d b ddùù f , ` f c l í f t d m l h ` c s ``rr , p j r j h ` s j t j r c l s f u h l s h ` c j m j c c j h ` c j

v dh j. @ s cj o ÷ s q u ` h j h ` r ` s p u ` s t j s ` x ds t ` f i d j c` s q u ` cj i d ` f i d j f u f i j
r ` s p l f h d ù . @ s ``cc h ` s ` l d r r ` a r ` f j o cc`` p l r ccjj i l f t d f u d h j h h ` c ` s p ` i t ê i u c l

h ` c j vd
v d h j i u j f h l s ` i d ` r r j f c l s l g l s p j r j s d ` m p r ` . @ s c j d f tt`` cd
c d b ``f
f i ddjj

q u ` f j i ` ` f ` c ` s p í r d ttu
u k u m j f l y i l f s t r u y ` ` f ``cc t ` j t r l h ` c j c m j c j
` s p ` r j f z j h ` c l s k d ggll s h ` r ` ` f i l f t r j r s ` i l f c l s p j h r ` s q u ` p j r ttdd `r
`r lf ,

y h ` cls p j h r` s h` r ``f ilf tr jrs` ilf cl s kdgls q u ` s` h `sp dh d`rl f

t ` m p r j f l h ` c j v d h j y h ` ccll s j m d b l s p j rrjj v l c v ` r s ` j j o r j z j r i l m l ` f

c ls
ls v d ` g l s t d ` m p l s .

@c rjh dij cdsm l y cj dftlc`rjfidj r`cdbdlsj fl kj i`f pjrt` h` cj

cj

d f t ` c d b ` f i d j ` s p d r d t u j c . @c
@c h ` s j r r l c c l h ` c j d f t ` c d b ` f i d j ` s p d r d t u j c p r l -

h u i ` ` x t ` r d l r m ` f t ` c j s l c d h j r d h j h , c j a r j t ` r f d h j h , ` c r ` s p ` t l p l r ccll s

h ` r ` i k l s k u m j f l s , ` d f t ` r d l r m ` f t ` c j ` s t j o ddcc d h j h h ` c j ` m l i d ù f , ``cc

j c dv
d v d l h ` c j j f s d ` h j h y ccjj ` x p j f s d ù f h ` c j r t ` h ` p ` f s j r . ^ l r ccll t j f t l

o u s i j r j H d l ss,, h ` s ` j r i l f l i ` r c l y j m j r c l ` s u f j j i t dt
dt uh m u y d f -

t`cdb`ft`.

@ c j r r ` s t l h ` G ` s ÷ s y s u i r u i ddaa d xxdd ù f s l a l i j r l f c j d f t ` ccdd b ` f i ddjj ` s p d r -

dtujc h` cjs p`rslfjs. Cls híjs qu` sdbud`rlf j su mu`rt` slf muy

h d a íi
í i d c `s
` s h ` h ` ssii r ddoo d r . C l s h l s p r d m ` r l s h í j s a u ` r l f t d ` m p l s h ` j m j r -

burj. Guh js `stjoj m u`rtl5 ^ ` h rl , ilfaufhdhl5 y ccll s h`m ês hds-

i í p u cl
cl s , h ` p r d m d h l s .

G` r u sj cäf s ` `ftrdst`idù. Cj m uctdtuh h ` vdsdtjf t`s q u ` s ` j m l f -

t l f j o j p j r j v ` r jc M j ` s t r l s ` a u ` h d cu y ` f h l y r ` t l m j f h l `c i j m d f l h `

r ` b r ` s l p j r j s u s i d u h j h ` s . Y ` c ` s k j o íj r l o j h l s u ` s p ` r j f z j .

P f s ` r k u m j f l p u ` h ` ` f a r ` f t j r m d c c l f ` s h ` p r l o c ` m j s y s lloo rr`` vvdd vd

vd r ,

p ` r l f l s l o r ` v d v d r ê sd
s d p d ` r h ` c j ` s p ` r j f z j . _ ` s i j t j r c j ` s l x d b ` f j r cj
cj vd-

h j . d I ù m l h ` v l c v ` r cj
c j ` s p ` r j f z j j ` s ` p u ` o c l s u a r d h l < I d ` r t j v ` z , `c

M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j h d gl q u ` « s d ``cc b r j f l h ` t r d b l f l m u ` r ` , f l h j a r u -

t l s , p ` r l ssdd m u ` r ` , a r u
uii t d ad
a d iijj j o u f h j f t ` m ` f t ` µ . A u ` c l q u ` s u i ` h d ù .
C j t r ê b d i j m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s ÷ s ttrr j g l u f j j f b u s t d j d f h ``ss i d aarr j o c`
c` , p ` r l c l s

h í j s q u ` s d b u d ` r l f t r j g ` rrll f u f g ÷ o d c l d f m ` f s u r j o c ` .

P f p l ` t j h ` c j m l r 7 ` s iirr d t l s q u ` ` x k j c j f s ` f s d o ddcc d h j h

Gu j f p ` r m j f ` i dù `f G` r u sj cäf i l f cl s h ` m ê s h dsi íp u cl s. @rj uf cu-

b j r t j f p ` c d b r l s l q u ` q u d z ê s k j o r ííjj s d h l m ` g l r r ` b r ` s j r j B j c d cc`` j . ^ ``rr l

` c cl
c l s s ` q u ` h j r l f y h d v u c b j r l f c j s o u ` f j s f u ` v j s , c j v ddii t lr
lr dj h ` I r d s tl

s l o r ` cj m u ` r t ` y s u p c j f t r j s i ` f h ` f t j c q u ` d f
fii cu
c u íj
í j c l s m ê s o ` cc
c c ls
ls

s u ` ú l s q u ` u f s ` r k u m j f l p u h d `r j j f
fkk ``cc j r .

C l s g ù v ` f ` s b j c ddcc ` l s q u ` p j r ` i í j f t j f d f b ` f u l s i l m ` f z j r l f j r ` v ` -

c jr
jr s` i l m l b r j f h ` s m j ` s t r l s . C js c ` i i dl f ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s i l m ` f z j r l f j

m l s t r j r r ` s u c t j h l s ` x tr j l rh d fj r dl s . _ ê p d h j m ` f t ` s ` a u ` r l f i l f v dr -

t d ` f h l ` f ` c l i u ` f t ` s l r j h l r ` s . Y u p j c j o r j d f a ccu
u`fidjoj j mdc`s h` p`r-

s l f j s . Y l c u i d l f j r l f c j s h d s p u t j s d f t ` r f j s , t r j o j g j r l f ` f ` q u d p l y ccll -

b r j r l f j m j r j c l s h ` m ê s , m ê s q u ` j ` cc
cc l s m d s m l s . I u d h j r l f h ` c js

f`i`sdhjh`s mjt`rdjc`s, psíqudijs y `spdrdtujc`s h` p`rslfjs qu` fl

i l f l i í j f . C j v d h j h ` m u i k l s i l o r ù j c d `f
` f t l . C j ` s p ` r j f z j k j o í j v u `c
`c -

tl.

C j j c`
c` b rí j ` r j t j f d f t ` f s j ` f t r ` ` cccc l s q u ` d o j f h ` i j s j ` f i j s j

j y u h ê f h l s ` . I j h j u f l s ` p r ` l i u p j o j h ` c j s f ` i ` s d h j h ` s h ` c l t r ll..

^`rsl fjs qu ` jft`s f

fdd s d q u d ` r j s` sjcuhjo jf p jsjrl f j cc j m j r s `

ijrdú lsjm `ft` « k`r m jf ls µ . Y ` r l m p d ` r l f c jjss o j r r ` r j s i u c t u r j c ` s y

slidjc`s.

G u j f ` s t j o j p ` s i j f h l k l m o r ` s p j r j H d l s , m l s t r j f h l q u ` cj v dh j

k u m j f j t ` f íj u f s db f da di j h l k u m j f l m j y l r q u ` i l m p r j r, v ` f h ` r y

j c i j f z j r u f s t j t u s s l i ddjj c . X l h l s s ` j h m d r j o j f h ` s u s j o d h u r í j y ccjj h `

s u s j m d b l s . G ` r u s j c ä f s ` v l ccvv d ù u f j a d `s
`s tj . ^ ` r l c l s k l m o r ` s h `c Y j f ` -
hríf fl tlc`rjrlf `c mlvdmd`ftl fd cls hdsturodls.

I l m ` f z j r l f c j s p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s y c l s j r r `s t l s . C j s r ` u f d l f ` s a u` r lf

d f t ` r v ` f d h j s . J c b u f l s m u r d ` r l f . G u j f r ` iidd od
od ù u f h u r l b l c p ` i u j f h l
Gjil o l , s u k `r m jf l , au ` m jrtdrdzjh l. ^`rl fl h `sdstdù. Cls ` s p d f l s

f l c l b r j r l f s l a l i j r s u j m l r p l r `c M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s . @ f -

t ` f h dù
dù qu` cls m `glr` s t`sl rls s` `sil fhíjf `f c ls
ls ssdd t d l s mês

dfkùspdtls. Qdvdù cjs pjcjorjs h` G`s÷s y s` ilfvdrtdù `f uf brjf

i j z j h l r h ` p ` r c j s. Q ` f h d ù t l h l cl q u ` t ` f íj p j r j i l f q u d s t j r c j m j y l r

h ` ` c c j ss..

@c t d ` m p l p j s ù y c j s t r d o u c j i d l f ` s j c ` g j r l f j G u j f h ` G ` r u s j c ä f . @ f

m u i k l s s dt dl s p l r h l f h ` i j m d f ù , h d l ê f d m l j c l s j o j t d h l s y j cd `f t l j

c ls
ls p l s t r j h l s . Q ` f h íj j u t l ` s t d m j , r ` i l r h j o j q u ` p j r j H d l s f j h d ` `s

d f h d b f l . C j s l i d ` h j h p l h r í j h ` s ` i k j r c l s , p ` r l G ` s ÷ s f l h ` s ` i k j o j fd

j s u s v ` r h u b l s . C l s p ` r h l f ù m d ` f t r j s s u i l r j z ù f i c j u h d i j o j ` f cj
cj

iruz.

G u j f ` s i r d o d ù u f l h ` c l s i u j t r l ` v j f b ` c d l s , t r ` s i j r t j s y `c c do r l h ` c

J p l i j c d p s d s . Y u s ` s i r d t l s ` x k j c j f c j m ê s o ` c c j j a ` i t d v d h j h . J s í , ` f ` c cd-

o r l h ` c J p l i j c d p s d s ` s p l s d o c ` p ` r i d o ddrr ` f t r ` b u ` r r j s y g u z b j m d ` f t l s ` c

mês `xi`c`ft` p`raum` h` cj `mlidùf. @f `s` `fdbmêtdil cdorl, G`s÷s

` s f l m o r j h l m ê s h ` v `d ft ` v ` i ` s , f l i l m l u f b `f ` r jc l gu ` z, sd fl

i l m l `c « Ilrh`rl h` Hdls µ . Gujf fufij s ` l c v d h ù h ` c j s s ` ddss

hrjm êtdijs kl rjs h` cj iru

uii d a dx
dx dù f ` f c j s q u ` G ` s ÷ s l a r ` i d ù ` c m ê s

b r j f h ` j m l r p l r ccjj k u m j f d h j h .

@c sdmolcdsml h`c ilrh`rl r`v`cj ufj mjfs`humor` dflcvdhjoc`.

G u j f t ` r m d f ù `c cdo r l h ` c J p l i j c d p s d s k j o c j f h l s l o r ` `c t r l f l h ` H d l s

y h ` c I l r h ` r l . H ` ` s ` t r l f l f l s j c ` i l f h ` f j i d ù f i r í t d i j fd h ` f u f i d j

h ` p r l o c ` m j s , s d f l u f r í l o r d cccc j f
ftt ` i l m l i r d s ttjj c , `c
` c r ííll h ` c j b u j h ` ccjj
vdhj. Pf ríl q u ` s j i d j cj ` m l i d ù f k u m j f j , trjfqudcdzj cls p`f-

s j m d ` f t l s , d rr
r r db
d b j i l f s j o d h u r í j c j d f t ` c ddbb ` f i d j y v u ` c v ` j ccll s s ` r ` s k u -

m j f l s a ` c ddii ` s y s ` r ` f l s .
Gujf `rj uf jfidjfl i u j f h l h`idh dù `sirdodr cls t`xtls q u ` k ly t`f -

` m l s ` f c j s m j f l s . H ` o ííjj s ` f t d r ` c p ` s l h ` c j ` h j h y h ` c j s p ` r s ` i u -

i d l f ` s q u ` s u aarr d ``rr j . Y ` r í j h ` ` s p ` r j r s ` q u ` s u m ` m l r d j ` s tu
t u v dd`` r j

i j f s j h j , q u ` k u o d ` r j p ` r h d h l c l s h ` t j cccc ` s h ` c l s p r d m ` r l s j ú l s h ` s u

j f h j r i l f G ` s ÷ s , p u ` s y j k j o í j p j s j h l i ` r i j h ` m ` h d l s d b c l h ` s h ` ccjj

mu`rt` h` su Mj`strl. ^`rl, pjrj slrpr`sj fu`strj, Gujf h`sirdodù `f

s u ` v j f b ` c d l j u f G ` s ÷ s a j s i d f j f t ` , h ` t j cccc ds
d s t j,
j , v d o rrjj f t ` , i u y j s p j c j o r j s

p r l h u i í j f a j s i d f j i d ù f . I j ssdd c j m d t j h h ` s u ` v j f b ` c d l a u ` ` ssii r d t j o j s j -

h j ` f c l s k ` i k l s y ` v ` f t l s h ` c l s ÷ c t d m l s h í j s q u ` j f t ` i ` h d ` r l f cj

i r ui
u i d a ddxx d ù f . C j s p j c j o r j s h ` c M j ` s t r l j ÷ f q u ` m j o j f ` f s u ` s p í r d t u y

`f su jcmj.

Yu s ijrtjs tjm odäf r ` v ` c j f u f a r ` s i l r h ` q u d ` f p r ` s ` r v ù c j p r d-

d-

mj v`rj h`ftrl h` s í.
í. G u j f d f di
d i dj
dj su prdm`rj ijrtj kjid`f hl u fj

h`sirdpidùf s`fslrdjc h` su r ` ccjj i ddùù f i l f G ` s ÷ s . H ` s i r d o ` q u ` s u s

m j f l s p j c p j r l f , s u s l g l s v d ` r l f y i l f t ` m p c j r l f j ccjj p ` r s l f j m ê s

a j s i d f j f t ` q u ` k j y j v d v dh
d h l ` f ` s t j t dd`` rr
r r j . @ r j i l m l s d `c
` c h í j j f t ` rrdd l r

k u o d`
d ` r j i j m d f j h l i l f s u M j ` s t r l y j p r ` f h d h l h ` ä c c j s m ê s o ``cc cj
cj s

c ` i i d l f ` s h ` v ddh
h j.
j.

C j s s ` m d c c j s p c j f t j h j s ` f ``cc s u ` c l h ` s u s ` r aacc l r ` i d ` r l f y a r ui
ui td -

a di
di j rl f . ^lr s`r uf klm or ` jilstu m orjh l j ` f a r `f t j r mu ikjs

o j t j c cj
cj s , G u j f p l h í j k j o ` r h ` s ` j h l h ` s i j f s j r 5 s d f ` m o j r b l , k j o c j r s l -

o r ` ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j v d h j j ÷ f h ` s p ` r t j o j s u p j s d ù f . @ c m l t d v l p l r `c

i u j c ` s i r do
d o í j , s ` b ÷ f ` c p r l p d l G u j f , ` r j p j r j q u ` s u s c ` i t l r ` s t u v dd`` r j f

u f j j c`
c ` b r ííjj i l m p c ` t j ( G u j f : 2 ..:: 9 ) .
 C j r ` cj
c j i d ù f h ` G u j f i l f s u s c ` i t l r ` s ` r j í f t d m j y s ddf
f o j r r ` r j s . Äc c l s

ccjmù ij rdúl sjm `f t` « k dg

d g dt
d t llss µ . Y u t r j t j m d ` f t l j a ` i ttdd v l d f h d i j u f j

p ` r s l f j q u ` t ` f í j p c j i ` r ` f v ddvv dr
d r j p ` s j r h ` c js
j s h d a d i u c ttjj h ` s h ` ccjj vvdd hj
hj .
@ f s u g u v ` f t u h , äc
ä c k j o í j s d h l r j h did i j c ` d m p u c s d v l 5 j k l r j , h ` ääcc ` m j f -

jojf jm lr y ilmpr`fsdùf.

Gu jf k jo cù `f il f tr j h`c s ds t ` m j slidjc, ccj m j h l p l r ä c « h`c m u f h l

µ . H ddgg l q u ` ` s ` s d s t ` m j i l f t r l c j c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s y c j s ` m l i d l f ` s

h` cjs p`rsl fjs `sicjvdzêfhlcjs, prlhuid`f hl `f ` cc js s l o ` r o dj ,

l r b u c c l y i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l a ÷ t d c . @ rrjj f ` i ` s j r d l v d vvdd r h ` f t r l h ` c m u f h l ,

p ` r l s ` r c do
d o r ``ss h ` s u d f aacc u ` f i d j . J f d m ù j c l s i r d s t d j f l s j r l m p ` r c jjss

jmjrrjs h`c `blísml drrjidlfjc y jpr`fh`r j `ftr`bjrs` ufls j ltrls,

i l m l s ` ` f t r ` b ù G ` s ÷ s . H d g l q u ` q u d ` f i d ``rr r j c l s l g l s h ` c i l r j z ù f

p j r j c l s q u ` s u a r ` f y t d ` f ` f f ` i ` s d h j h ` s , f l t d ` f ` ``cc j m l r h ` H d l s . @c

j m l r j i ` r i j h ``cc i u j c k j o c ù f l ` r j t ` ù r d i l . @ r j u f j m l r q u ` f l d m -

p l f íj
íj i l f h d i d l f ` s fd ` s p ` r j o j f j h j j i j m o d l s d f l q u ` s ` ` f t r ` b j o j

`splftêf`jm`ft`.

^ j rj G u jf , q u d äf f l j m j f l i l f l i ` j H dl s . P f j p ` r s l f j p u ` h ` t` f -

` r i u c t u rrjj t ` l c ù b d i j y j p j r ` f t ` ` s p d r d t u j c d h j h p ` r l , s d f l j m j , s u v d h j

s ` r ê t ` j tr
t r j c y v j i í j . ^ j rrjj ä cc,, ``cc v ` r h j h ` r l j m l r r l m p ` c j i ê r i ` c h
h`` c

m d ` h l . ¼ Z u ä t d ppll h ` m d ` h l < @
@cc m d ` h l j c m j ú j f j , j c l h ` s i l f l i d h l , j

s ` r i rd td ij h l , j f l s ` r i l m p r ` f h d h l , j ` m p l o r ` i ` r , j j h qu d rd r ` f a ` r -

m ` h j h ` s , j m llrr dr
d r , j s ` r i j s t d b j h l p l r H d l ss..

M d ` f t r j s ` c v ` r h j h ` r l j m l r i j c m j y p r l h u i ` p j z , ``cc m d ` h l r l o j ccjj

t r j f q u d c d h j h . G u j f a u ` u f k l m o r ` q u ` i l f l i d ù c j p j z d f t`
t ` rd
r d l rr.. P f s ` r

k u m j f l s df p j z p u ` h ` b j f j r t l h l `c m u f h l , p ` r l p ` r m j f ` i ` f l

i l f q u d s t j h l h ` f t r l h ` s í m d s m l , j t l r m ` f t j h l ` f c l í f t dm l h ` s u s`r.

Gu j f t ` r m df j su ÷ctdm j ijrtj p dh d` f h l q u ` s u s c`itlr `s s j cu h ` f j

s u s j m d b l s f l m o r ` p l r f l m o r ` . @ c ä x d tl
t l f l c cc`` b ù j h l m d f j r c l . ^ jr
jr j

ä c , ccjj k ddss t llrr d j q u ` ` x ds

d s t ` h ` t r ê s h ``cc f l m o r ` h ` i j h j p ` r s l f j ` s m ê s

d m p l r t j f t ` q u ` c ls
l s j p c j u s l s h ` c j m u c t d t u h . GGu
u j f v d v ddùù ` f c js js k u ` c c j s
h ` G ` s ÷ s , q u d ` f , j u f q u ` j s ` h d j h l p l r c jjss m u c t ddtt u h ` s , h ` h d i j o j t d ` m p l

j cj s p ` r s l f j s m ê s k u m d c h ` s .

H ä i j h j s j f t ` s, `c gl v ` f G u j f k j o í j h ` g j h l c l s o j r i l s y cj s r ` h `s

p j rj
rj s ` b u d r j u
uff v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s s d f d m j b d f j r q u ` j q u` c k l m o r `

` r j u f ` x i ` c ` f t ` ` s i u c t l r h ` c j s ` m l i d l f ` s . J c p rrdd f i ddpp d l , p j r ` i í j

dmplsdoc` trjfsalrmjr j `st` hdsiípucl, plr su dfhdvdhujcdsml, jbr`-

s d v d h j h ` d f tl
t l c ` rj
r j f i d j . ^ ` r l `c
`c ` s i u c t l r h ` c j ` m l i d ù f i l m ` f z ù j t rj -

o j gj r i l f äc c ` ft j y i l f s d s t ` f t ` m ` f t ` , d @c r ` s u c t j h l < G u j f s ` t r j f s -

a l r m ù ` f u f p l ` t j h`
h ` c j m llrr .

c l | ^ J O C L 7 CJ M Ê Y A J F X Ê Y X DI J

_@@H DIDÙF H @ C J Y O J Y @ Y H @ CJ

^ @ _ Y L F J C D HJH
@ c c j h l s l m o r íl
í l h ` c j p ` r s l f j c dh
d h j h h ` ^ j o cl
cl

^ j o c l a u ` ` c m j y l r p ` r s ` b u d h l r h ` c llss i r d s t d j f l s p ` r l i u j f h l s ` i l f -

v d r t d ù ` f u f s ` b u d h l r h ` G ` s u i r d s t l , a u ` `c h d s i í p u c l q u ` p j b ù `c p r ` i d l
m ê s j c ttll p j r j h ddvv u c b jjrr c l . C l s c í h ` r ` s g u h í l s c l l h d j o j f . I u j f h l ` s t j -

ojf prùxdmls j mjtjrcl, cls rlmjfls cl jrr`stjrlf hêfhlc` jsí

p r l t ` i i dù
d ù f . C l s g u h í l s c l j i u s j r l f j A ä c d x , ``cc b l o ` r f j h l r h ` G u h ` j , h `

p r l m l v ` r s ` h d i d l f ` s ` f tr ` c l s gu h í l s h d s p ` r s l s p l r t l h l `c m u f h l y

h ` q u ` ` r j ``cc p r ddf
f i dp j c j b d t j h l r h ` c j s ` i t j h ` c l s f j z j r ` f l s ( K ` i k l s

? 8 .0).
H ` s ` j f h l j s ` b u r j r s ` ``cc j p l y l h ` c llss g u h ííll s , A ä c d x m j f t u v l j ^ j o c l

` f i j r i ` c j h l . H l s j ú l s p j s j r l f j f t ` s q u ` A ääcc d x a u ` r j r ` ` m p c j z j h l p l r

` c b l o ` r f j h l r A ` s t l . C u ` b l q u ` A ` s ttll s u o d ù h ` I ` s ê r ` j j G ` r u ssjj c ä f ,

c ls
l s g u h í l s h ` f u ` v l j i u s j r l f j ^ j o c l h ` q u ` f l h ` g j o j h ` t r j o jjgg j r

h ` s h ` c j iiêê r i ` c . F ` i ` s d t j o j f s d c ` f i d j r ccll p j r j q u ` ``cc f l m o r ` h ` G ` s ÷ s

a u ` r j o l r r j h l h ` c j a j z h ` c j t dd`` r r j.
j . H ` s p u ä s h ` c j s j i u s j i d l f ` s , ^ j o ccll

s ` v j cd
c d ù h ` s u i d u h j h j f í j r l m j f j p j r j j p ` c j r j I ` s j r ( K ` i k l s ? 0 . : ::)) ,

p u ` s s j o í j q u ` f l t ` f h r í j f d f b u f j p l s d o ddcc d h j h h ` q u ` h j r ` f D s r j`
j ` c.
c. ^ l -

h rí
rí j s ` r l o g` t l h ` u f j ` m o l s i j h j y m
mll r dr
dr .

^ j s j h l s j c b u f l s h í j s , ``cc r ` y J b r d p j a u ` j v d s ddtt j r y s j c u h j r j A ` s ttll .

I l m l ``cc i j s l h ` ^ j o c l ` s t j o j t ` f d ` f h l b r j f r ` p ` r i u s d ù f p l p u c j r y

` r j m u y h ` c d i j h l , A ` s t l c l ` x p u s l j c rr`` y . J b r d p j s ` d f t ` r ` s ù p l r l ír
í r cl
cl .

C l s i l m ` f t j r d l s j i ` r i j h ` G ` s ÷ s h ` F j z j r ` t y j k j o ííjj f c c ` b j h l j s u s

l í h l s , p l r ` s l h ` s ` j o j i l f l i ` r c j s d h ` j s h ` s u d cu
c u sstt rr`` h d v u c b jjh
h l r.

Cj lrjtlrdj h` ^jocl `rj ajsidfj ft`. X

Xjj c v ` z f l c l b r j r í j i l f v ` f i ` r j

s u s l p l s d t l r ` s p ` r l s u s p j c j o r j s cl s p ` r t u r oj o j f . Y u k l f ` s t d h j h `r j

i r ds
d s t j cd
cd f j . ^ j r j h ` a ` f h ` r c j i j u s j h ` G ` s ÷ s , ^ j o c l k d z l , h ` c j f t ` h
h`` c r ``yy

J b r d p j , cj m ê s ` c l i u ` f t ` h ` s i r d p i d ù f h ` c js i j r j i t ` r í s t d i j s ` f a ` r m d z j s
h ` s u p r l p dj p ` r s l f j c d h j h j f t ` s h ` t l r f j r s ` u f s ` b u d h l r h ` c M j ` s t r l

h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s ( K ` i k l s ? 1 . : > ) . F u f i j j c b u d ` f t u v l t j f t j v j c `f
`f tí j

p j r j m l s t r j r s u c l i u r j p j s j h j y r ` vv`` c j r s u s j f d h j h j iitt uj
u j c.
c.
@ s p l s d o c ` q u ` m d ` f t r j s k j o c j o j , k j y j s ` f t d h l q u ` ``cc i l r j z ù f s ` c`
c`

j i ` c ` r j o j p ` r l f l s ` h ` t u v l . H ` t l h l s s u s ` s i r d t l s , ` s ` t `x
`x t l ` s ` c q u `

m ` g l r m u ` s t r j s u j b r ` s d v d h j h ` d f s ` f s ddoo d cd
cd h jh j f t ` s h ` s u i l f v ` r s d ù f .

^jocl h`sirdodù idfil dmplrtjft`s ijrjit`rístdijs pjrj h`adfdr su

dfkumjfdhjh7

:. @ f i ` r r ù j i r d s t d j f l s ` f i ê r i ` c ` s . C j s c ê b r d m j s h ` k l m o r ` s y

m ug`r`s fl cl i l f m l v í j f . Cls b r ddtt l s dfi`sjft`s p d hd `f h l

i c ` m ` f i d j f l c l s ` f sd
s d o d ccdd z j o j f .

? . M ÷ c td
t d p cc`` s j s ` s d f j t l s . F l s l c j m ` f t ` i l f s d f t ddùù ` f cj
cj m u ` r t `

h ` @ s t ` o j f ( K ` i k l s ; . :) , s d f l t j m o d ä f h ` m u i k l s l t r l s ir d s-

t d j f l s. I u j f h l c l s g u h í l s tr j tj r l f h ` p l f ` r s ` h ` j i u ` r h l s l o r `

` c a ddf
f q u ` t ` f h r í j f j c b u f l s i r d s t d j f l s , ccjj l p d f d ù f h ` ^ j o c l a u `

q u ` t ` f í j f q u ` m l r dr
dr . J u f q u ` ` f m ` f l r p r l p l r i d ù f , p r l m l v í j

u f j c d m p d ` z j i u ct
c t u r j cc,, p j r ` i d h j j c j q u ` k d z l ` c f j z d s m l i l f c l s

guhíls.

9 . ^ ` r s ` i u i d ù f d f i j f s j o c ` ` d rrrr j i ddll f j cc.. ^ j o c l h d g l jc

j c rr`` y J b r d p j

q u ` f l s ` i l f t ` f t j o j i l f j r r ` s t j r j c l s i r d s t d j f l s h ` G ` r u s jc ä f .

Y u a u rd
r d j ` r j t j f h r j m ê t d i j ` d cù
c ù b ddii j q u ` c ls
ls p ` r s ` b u í j h ` i d u h j h

` f i d u h j h , y k j s t j ` f s d t dl
dl s h d s t j f t ` s h ` G ` r u sj c ä f , i l m l H j m -

j s i l , ` f Y d rd
r d j.
j. F l c ` d m p l r t j o j i j o j c b j r m ê s h ` h l s i d ` f t l s

e d cù m ` t r l s p j r j ` c d m d f j r j cl s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s .

8 . C l s i j st db j o j p ÷ o c d ij m ` f t ` i l m l ` g ` m p c l p j r j h ` s j f d m j r j

f u ` v l s p l s d o c ` s j h ` p t l s . C l s s u a r d m d ` f t l s h ` c l s i r d s td j f l s s `

v l c v d ` r l f u f ` s p ` i t ê i u c l h ` t`rrlr.
 0. Dfacdbíj suardmd`ftls j tjc puftl qu` kjiíj qu` jcbufls ocjsa`-

mjrjf. Jquí, ^jocl ojgù jc ÷ctdml fdv`c h` cj vdlcjidùf h` cls

h ` r ` i k l s k u m j f l s . X l r t u r j o j a í s di d i j y p s d i l c ù b d i j m ` f t ` j c llss
d f h ` a ` f s l s i r d s td j f l s l o c d b ê f h l c l s j o c j s a ` m j r i l f t rj J q u ` c j

q u d ` f j m j o j f . H ` ` s t j m j f ` r j v dl c ` f tj o j cj s i l f i d ` f i d j s h `

` s j s p ` r s l f j s , p r l h u i d ` f h l `f ` cc ls t r j s tl r f l s ` m l i d l f j c ` s

drr`pjrjoc`s.

T l k j o r íj p r ` a` r dh l h ` i dr q u ` ^ j o cl f l a u ` tjf j b r ` sdv l . ^ ` r l ` s l ` s

d m p l s d o c ` , p u ` s ääcc m d s m l f l s ` p r l tt`` b d ù 5 s d f ` m o j r b l , i l f G ` s ÷ s

j p r ` f h d ù j f l t ` m ` r j s u p j s j h l y j p r ` f h d ù , j h ` m ê s , ` c j r t ` h ` ccjj

klf`stdhjh. ^`hrl, h`c mdsml mlhl, jpr`fhdù cj brjfh`zj h` `s`

j rt
r t `.
`. @ s l s k l m o r ` s i j m o d j r l f `c j s p ` i t l h ` c m u f h l , s u s k ` i k l s

i r u z j r l f b ` f ` r j i d l f ` s ` d f a ccu
u ` f i d j r l f j o d c ccll f ` s h ` p ` r s l f j s . @ c F u ` -

vl X `stjm `f tl h`sirdo` fl slcl s u s b rj f h ` s äxdtls, sdfl tjm o däf sus

m ê s b r j f h ` s ` r r l r ` s y a r j i j s l s . C l q u ` ^ j o c l h d g l h ` c j f t ` h ` c t rrdd ou
o u f jjcc

r l m j f l j i ` r i j h ` s u p r l p d l i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l j f t ` s h ` ` f i l f t rj r s `

i l f G`
G ` s u i r d s t l , f l s k j i ` v ` r cl
cl i l m l u f l h ` cl s k l m o r ` s m ê s v d l-

c ` f t l s h ` f u ` s t r j k d sstt l rrdd j.
j.

F d f b ÷ f l t r l h d s i í p u c l t u v l , ` f s u i u r r í i u ccll ` m l i d l f j c , c j a u
urr d j y c j

t l r t u r jj.. Y u d f k u m j f d h j h s u p ` r j c j h ` G u h j s D s iijj r d l t ` , ccjj h ` ^ ` h r l y cj

cj

h` cls ltrls s`bu dhlr`s h` G`s÷s.

@ c m ê s i u c t l h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s a u ` ``cc m ê s h ` s t r u i t l r h ` t l h l s ` cccc ls
ls .

@sl mu`strj qu` cj dft`cdb`fidj cùbdij, ijrjit`rdzjhj plr jcmji`fjr

muikj dfalrmjidùf, fl `s suadid`ft` pjrj prlhuidr cjs aufidlf`s mês

d m p l r t j f t ` s h ` c j p ` r s l f j c dh
dh j h , i l m l cj i j p j i d h j h h ` p l f ` r s ` ` f cl s

zjpjtls h`c ltrl, cj tlc`rjfidj, cj ja`itdvdhjh, `c ilftrlc h` cls p`f-

sjmd`ftls.
 @ c h l cl
cl r , c j s c ê b r d m j s y c j s j f b r ` h ` c l s i r d s t d j f l s j q u d ` f ` s ^ j o c l

p ` r s d b u d ù g j m ê s s ` o l r r j r l f h ` s u m ` m l r d j p r l h u i d ` f h l m ê s o d ``f
f

i d i j t r d i ` s d f l c v dh
d h j o c ` s . @ f m u i k j s h ` s u s i j r t j s ääcc s ` r ` ad
a d `r
`r ` j ` s `
t ` m j . I u j f h l h d i ` q u ` ``rr j « ` c m ê s p ` q u ` ú l µ h ` t l h l s c l s h d s -

iípucls, fl `stjo j sd`fh l kum dch`, sdfl sdfi`rl. Äc r ` j c m ` f t ` s `

i l f s d h ` r j o j ` c ÷ c t d m l h ` c l s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c ls
ls M j ` s t r l s ,

`c m j y l r h ` u h l r h ` t l h l s .

@ c j m l r q u ` s ` f t í j p l r G ` s ÷ s y ccjj a ` ` f s u s j i r ddaa d i ddll c l c d oo`` r j r l f h `c

`c

s ` f t d m d ` f t l h ` i u c p j j u f q u ` g j m ê s o l r r j r l f s u p j s j h l . F u f i j s ` rê
rê

s u a d i d ` f t ` r ` p ` t d r q u ` ` c p j s j h l f l s ` o l r r j s d f l q u ` s ` r ` ` s iirr d o ` . X l -

h l s t ` f ` m l s q u ` i l f v d vd
vd r i l f f u ` s tr l p j s j h l , j u f q u ` k jy j s d hl u f

h ` s d ` r t l . @ c h ` s j a í l ` s d rr
r r db
db jr ` s ` h ` s d ` rt l , t rj t j r i l f s u j r d h ` z y t r j f s -

a l r m j r c l ` f u f g j r h í f , i l m l k d z l ^ j o cl
cl . C l q u ` g j m ê s h ` o ` m l s k j i ` r

` s j d s c j r f l s y r u m d j r cj
c j iiu
u cp j , i l m l k d z l G u h j s .

@ f ` c i j m d f l j H j m j ssii l

Cj ilfv`rsdùf h` ^jocl y su trjfsalrm jidùf `f uf s`budhl r h`

G ` s ÷ s , t d ` f ` ` v ` f t l s q u ` t r j s i d ` f h ` f c j d f v ` s t d b j i d ù f h ` ` s t ` c d o r l . @f

` c m d s m l h d s i u r s l ` f q u ` h ` s i r d o ` jjcc r ` y J b r d p j c j s j t r l i d h j h ` s q u `

i l m ` t d ù , ^ j o c l k j o c j s l o r ` `c
` c i j m o d l ` f s u v d h j . M d ` f t r j s s ` h d r d bbíí j j

H j m j s i l p j r j j f d q u d c j r j c l s i r ddss t d j f l s , u f j a u ` r t ` c u z c l ` f v l ccvv d ù.
ù.

Jtùfdtl, ij y ù h `c ijo jccl. T ` f tl f i ` s ` s i u i k ù u fj v l z q u ` c` pr`-

b u f t j o j p l r q u ä cl p ` r s` b u íj . @ s p j f t j h l , h
hdd ggll 7 « 3 Z u d ä f ` r ` s Y ` ú l r < µ

C j v l z i l f t ` s t ù 7 «* Tl sly G`s ÷s , j qud`f t÷ p`r sdbu `s µ (K `ik ls

? 1 .:0).
@ c m u f h l s ` h ` s m l r l f ù s l o r ` ^ j o ccll . Y u s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s c l j t l r -

m ` f t j o j f . Y u i r d sd
sd s h ` j f s d ` h j h a u ` t jf b r j f h ` q u ` p r l h u g l j c b u f l s
s í f t l m j s p s d i l s l m ê t d i l s 7 q u ` h ù i d ` b l , p ` r h d ù ` c j p ` ttdd tl
tl , t u v l u f j

j f l r ` x d j r ` j i i d l f j c . C j v l z p r l s d b u d ù . @ f t rr`` l t r j s i l s j s , c ` h d ggll q u ` s u

m d s d ù f ` r j i l f v ` r t d r j c j s p ` r s l f j s h ` c j s t d f d ` o c j s j c j ccu
uz.
C l s k ` i k l s q u ` h d r ` i i dl f j f `c i j m o d l h ` ^ j o c l s l o r ` p j s j f cj

d f v ` s t d b j i d ù f p s d i l c ù b d i j . @ f t rrjj f ` f c j ` s a ` r j h ` c j a ``.. @ s d f f ` i ` s j r d l

h ` i d r q u ` ^ j o ccll f l t u v l u f j j c u i d f j i d ù f j u h d ttdd v j , p u ` s f l ` r j u
uff

p s d i ù td
td i l . J u f q u ` s u s j i t d t u h ` s k j o í j f s d h l v d l c ` f t j s , äc s j o í j q u ä

q u ` r í j , t ` f í j l o g ` t d v l s y h d r ` i i d ù f d f tt`` c ``ii t u jjcc . Y d k u o d ` s ` s d h l u f j

jcuidfjidùf, jqu`ccl cl kjoríj `stdmucjhl j t`f`r mês au`rzj pjrj

jfdqudcjr j cls irdstdjfls, y fl pjrj jmjrcls y s`r jctrudstj ilf `ccls,

i l m l c l a u ` h ` s p u ä s h ` j q u ` c ccjj ` x p ` r d ` f i d j h ` c i j m d f l j H j m j s i l .

J pjrtdr h ` ` f t l f i ` s , ^ jo cl ` m p ` z ù j i u ` s t d l f j r s u s p r l p dj s v ` r -

hjh` s, j iirr d t di
di jr s u s jbr`sdvdhjh`s, j r`p`fs jr su s pr`ilfi`ptls.

J u f q u ` hdaíidc h ` ` f t ` f h ` r , t l h j ` x p ` r d ` f i d j q u ` ` s t d m u c j `c j r t ` h `

p ` f s j r f l p u ` h ` s ` r i l f s d h ` r j h j u f h ` cd
cd rd l s d f l u f a ` f ù m ` f l d f
f--

t`cdb`ft`.

^ j o c l i l f l i í j p r l a u f h j m ` f t ` c j s J f t d b u j s @ s i r ddtt u rrjj s . F l h ` g j o j h `

p ` f s j r q u ` G ` s ÷ s h ` F j z j r ` t ` rj `c m j y l r h ` t l h l s c l s k ` r ` g` s h
h`` c

m u f h l . X l h l c l q u ` s ` h ` i í j j i ` r i j h ` ä c h ` o í j s ` r ` x t dr
dr p jh l . H ` -

s p u ä s h ` p j s j r p l r c j ` x p ` r d ` f i d j ` f ``cc i j m d f l h ` H j m j s i l , ^ j o c l

i l m ` f z ù j r ` a c`
c ` x ddll f j r j i ` r i j h ` s u p r l p d j v d h j y s u s i r ` ` f i d j s . A u
u``

u f j r ` v l c u i d ù f d f tt`` rd
r d llrr .

^ l r uf o u ` f t d ` m p l s ` r ` a u b d ù `f s u i d u h j h f jt jc , X j rs l . M d c ` s h`

p ` f s j m d ` f t l s ccll p ` r t u r o j o j f . I l m ` f z ù j p ` f ` t r j r ` f s u m u f h l d f
ftt `-
`-

r d lr
l r y j p ` r i d o d r c l d r r ji
j i d l f jjcc h ` s u j b r ` s d v d h j h . J
Jcc m d s m l t d ` m p l , i l -

ml `stuh dlsl h` c js Jftdbujs @ s i r d tu

tu rj s, ou siù jfsdlsjm `ft`

r ` s p u ` s t j s q u ` p u h d ` s ` f s l c u i d l f j r `c r l m p ` i j o ` z j s q u ` k j o íj ` f s u
m`ft`.

^ j r j ä cc,, ``cc M ` s í j s f l p l h í j s ` r u f k l m o r ` k u m d c h ` , u f s d m p c `

i j r p d f t ` r l q u ` m ` f l s p r ` i d j r j ` c t r l f l p lc
l c ít
í t di
d i ll.. F l p l h í j s ` r j c bu
b u d `f
`f
q u ` k j o í j j o r j z j h l j c ` p r l s l s , p r l f u f i d j h l m ` f s j g ` s s l o r ` ``cc j m l r

y cj t l c` r j f i dj .

H ` a d f d t d v j m ` f t ` , ^ j o c l s ` f t í j cj
cj f ` i ` s d h j h h ` r ` p ` f s j r s u s p r ` i l f 

i ` p t l s . ^ l r ` s l , r ` aacc ` x d l f ù p l r h í j s y m ` s ` s k j s t j q u ` a d f j c m ` f t ` ` f -

i l f t r ù c j s r ` s p u ` s t j s . T ` f ` c c j s v ddll i c j r j m ` f t ` q u ` ` c M ` s í j s i l m ` f -

t j h l ` f c ls
l s t ` x t l s s j b r j h l s h ` c l s g u h í l s i l r r ` s p l f h í j j c G ` s ÷ s q u ` äc
äc

l h d j o j . J c s l c u i d l f j r `c
`c r l m p ` i j o ` z j s , s ` v ddll j f t ` u f h r j m ê t d i l

p r l o c ` m j . « Z u ä k j i ` r i l f c js p ` r s l f j s q u ` k jo í j t l r tu r j h l < 3 I ù m l

r ` p j r jr `c ` r r l r i l m ` t d h l i l f t r j c l s d f h ` a ` f s l s i r d s td j f l s j q u d ` f ` s

b l c p ` j r j p ÷ o c d i j m ` f t ` < 3 I ù m l j cd
c d vd
v d j r s u i l f i d ` f i d j h ` c ls
ls b r d tl s h `

c js
j s m j h r ` s y p j h r ` s s ` p j r j h l s h ` s u s k d g llss <

@ s i j s d s ` b u r l q u ` ^ j o c l cccc l rù
r ù m u i k l y q u ` p j s ù f l i k ` s ` f i ccjj rrll .

Y ` h ` s ` s p ` r ù , v d vvdd ù j f b u s t d j s y t u v l i r d s d s h ` p r ` s d v j s m d ` f t r j s r ` aacc ` xx--

d l f j o j . @ f cj
c j i j r t j j c l s i l r d f t d l s h d i ` q u ` f l ` r j h d b f l h ` s ` r cc
ccj-

m j h l j p ù s t l c , p u ` s g j m ê s s ` l c v d h j r íj
íj h ` cj s p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s q u ` p r l -

mlvd`rj ilftrj cls irdstdjfls. @stjoj sd`fhl sdfi`rl. Yu ilfid`fidj

` r j u f j ` s p d f j q u ` c c`
c ` v j o j i c j v j h j ` f ``cc j c m j .

@ c m u f h l h ` ^ j o cl
cl s ` v l c i ù o l i j j o j g l . _ j r j m ` f t ` u f s ` r k u m j f l

t u v l q u ` r ` p ` f s j r t j f t l s u p r l p ddjj v dh
dh j . ^ `r l , p l i l j p l i l , a u ` ` f i l f -

trjfhl ilfsu`cl pjrj vdvdr. @f m`hdl h` cj lsiurdhjh h` cj flik` vdl

u f j c uz
uz a j s i d f j f t` . H ` ` f ` m d b l f ÷ m ` r l u f l p j s ù j s ` r u f l h ` c l s

p r d f i dp
d p j c ` s h ` a ` f s l r ` s h ` c j i j u s j h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q ddh
hj.

Cj g l r f j h j i l f G` s ÷ s
 C j g l r f j h j h ` ^ j o c l i l m l h d s i í p u c l ` s t u v l c c`
c ` f j h ` h d aadd i u c ttjj h ` s . Ä
Äcc

` r j u f g l v ` f a j r d s ` l i l f u f a u t u r l o r ddcc cj
c j f tt`` . X l h l s ` f v d h d j o j f s u r íb
í b d-
d-

h j ä t di
d i j y s u c d h ` r j z b l . I u j f h l s ` k d z l iirr d s ttdd j f l , ` c m u f h l s `
h ` s m l r l f ù s l o r ` s u s ` b u r d h j h . ¼ I ù m l ` c l b d j r h ` c j f t ` h ` c l s c ííh
h ``rr ``ss

gu h íl s j j qu ä c j q ud`f s d ` m p r ` k jo íj l h dj h l < ¼ I ù m l `xpcdijr uf i j m -

odl tjf brjfh`< Ydf huhj qu` t`fhríj qu` `far`ftjr cl qu` pjr`iíj

dmplsdoc`.

I l f a ` s j r q u ` s ` k j o í j t r j f s a l r m j h l `f u f s ` b u d h l r h ` j q u ` c k l m -

o r ` q u ` k j o í j m u ` r t l ` f c j i r u z h j r í j c u b j r j ccll s m ê s d f t ` f s l s h ` -

o j t ` s.
s. C j i r u z `r j ` s i ê f h j c l p j r j c l s g u h í l s y c l i u r j p j r j c l s b r d ` b l s .

K l y,
y , c j k u m j f d h j h t d ` f ` u f j p r ` i d l d f i l f h d i d l f j c p l r `c
`c G ` s ÷ s i r u i d-

a di
di jh l . @f s u ä p l i j , s ` r u f s ` b u d h l r h ` ` s ` G ` s ÷ s ` r j s ` r i l f s d h ` r j h l

c l il
il , d f s j f l . @ r j p ` r t ` f ` i ` r j c j o j s u r j s l i d j c .

J h ` m ê s h ` h j r ` x p c d i j i d l f ` s i j s d d f ` x p c d i j o c ` s jc m u f h l j i ` r i j h `

su il fv `rsdù f jc irdstdjfdsm l, ^jocl t`fíj qu` cuikjr ilf cl s

t r j s t l r f l s p s í q u d i l s q u ` ` r jf p j r t ` h ` s u j c m j . K j o í j j k l r j u f j p j z

íftdm j i l f v d v d` f h l ilf m u i k l s ` s i l m o r l s ` m l i d l f j c` s ` dft`c`i-

t u j c`
c ` s q u ` f ` i ` s d t j o j f s ` r q u ddtt j h l s .

Ä c f l p j r t d i d p ù h ` c j ` s i u ` c j v d vvjj h ` G ` s ÷ s . ^ l r ``cc k ` i k l h ` f l k j o ` r

i j m d f j h l i l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c llss M j ` s t r l s , f l vvdd vd
vd ù s d t u j i d l f ` s ` f c js

qu` cls jrikdvls `fa`rmdzls h` cj p`rda`rdj h` su dfilfsid`ft` au`rjf

s j i j h l s j ccjj c uz
u z y r ` ` h d t j h l s . C j j r r l b j f i d j , ``cc d f h d v d h u j c d s m l , c j h d aadd -

iuctjh h` blo`rfjr cls p`fsjmd`ftls, cj `fvdhdj, cj dftlc`rjfidj y `c

m d ` h l j p j r ` i d ` r l f ` f c l s l t r l s h d s i í p u c l s j c l c jr
jr b l h ` c j g l r f j h j i l f

G ` s ÷ s y au ` r l f t r j t j h l s . F l t l h l s , p ` r l br j f p j rt` h ` cls t u b u r d l s h`

cj m ` m l r d j h ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s a u ` r l f r ` u r o j f d z j h l s .

¼ I ù m l t rj t ù ^ j oc l c js o j s ` s ` f a` r m d z j s h ` s u m ` m l r d j < ¼ I ù m l
r ` ` h d t ù s u j b r ` s d v d h j h ` d f s ` f s d o d c d h j h < ¼ I ù m l ttrr j o j g ù s u d f i j p j i d h j h

h ` l í r y h ` r ` j i i d l f j r s d f p ` f s j r < ¼ I ù m l r ` id
i d i ccùù s u i j r ê i t ` r p r ` i l f 

i ` p t u l s l y j u t l r ddtt j r d l < ^ j o c l s u aarr d ù i ` f t ` f j s h ` s d t u j i d l f ` s h r j m ê t d -

i j s q u ` k d i d`
d ` r l f s j c ddrr j c j ccu
u z c j s m ê s l i u c t j s a r j b ddcc d h j h ` s .

@f cj i j r t j q u ` ` s i r d o d ù j c l s i r ` y ` f t ` s h ` _ l m j t u v l ` c v j c l r h ` h ` -

i dr
d r 7 «. M d s ` r j o c ` k l m o r ` q u ` ssll y .... . F l k j b l ` c o d ` f q u ` p r ` aadd ` rl
r l , p ` r l,
l,

`c m j c q u ` f l q u d ` r l , ` s ` k j b l . . . µ . ^ j o cl h ` s i u o r d ù q u ` f l i l f -

s ` b u í j s ` r bb`` f td
t d c,
c , j m j o c ` , p u r l , s ` r ` f l , t r j f q u d c l y s ` f s d o c ` i l m l ` rj
rj

s u h ` s ` l . H ` s ` j o j d f i l r p l r j r j s u v d h j ccjj s m ê s o ` c c j s i j r j i t ` r í s t ddii j s

h ` G ` s ÷ s , p ` r l s ` s ` f t í j d f i j p j z h ` v d vd
v d rrcc j s.
s.

@ f ` s ` t ``xx t l , k j o c j i l f s u t d c ` z j s l o r ` u f b r j f h d c ` m j h ` ccjj p s d -

i l c l b í j 7 `c
` c s ` r k u m j f l c dh
d h ` r j `c
` c m u f h l ` x t`
t ` rd
r d l rr,, p ` r l f l ` s u f b r j f

c í h ` r h ` s í m d s m l . 3 Z u d ä f i l f s d b u ` i l f t r l c j r c j j f s d ` h j h < 3 Z u dä
dä f

i l f s d b u ` il f t r l cj r t l h l s c l s p ` f s j m d ` f t l s f ` b j t d v l s < @f j b u j s t rj f -

q u d c j s f l s m l s t r j m l s ` x i ` cc`` f t ` s i l f h u i t l r ` s , p ` r l ` f j b u j s t u r o u -

c ` f t js p ` r h ` m l s `c i l f tr lc . 3 I u ê f t j s v ` i ` s a u d m l s i l k ` r ` f t` s `f

h`t`rmdfjhjs s d tu j i d l f `s ` dfs`fsjtls `f l t r j s< Xlhls t`f`m ls

c í m dt
d t `s
` s . M ê s t j r h ` l m ê s t ` m p r j f l f l s s l r p r ` f h ` r ` m l s p l r f u ` s t rj
rj

h`odcdhjh.

^ j o c l h ` s ` j o j t ` f ` r u f j v d h j c d o rr`` , m u y h d a ` r ` f t ` h ` c j j f tt`` rd
r d llrr . H ` -

s ` j o j s ` r a u ` r t ` , s ` b u r l y ` s t j o c ` . J f t ` s c u i k j o j p j r j ` c d m d f j r j c llss

i r d s t dj
d j f l s , j k l r j c u i k j o j h ` f t r l h ` s í m d s m l p j r j s ` r ccdd o r`
r ` . X r j ttjj r ss``

h ` m d s ` r j o c ` f l s d b f ddaa di
di j q u ` k u o d` r j h ` s ` i k j h l c j j u t l ` s t d m j , s df l

q u ` j k l r j t ` f íj i l f i d ` f i d j h ` c j s c dm d t j i dl f ` s h ` s u « Tl µ , p j r j s` r

`c h d r ` i t l r h
h`` c d t d f ``rr j r ddll h ` c ` s i ` f j r d l h ` s u m ` f t ` .

^ ` r i d o d ` f h l ` c h r j m j h ` ` s j c u iik
k j , `f ` s j s m d s m j s i j r t j s , i j m d f j

m ê s c ` g l ss.. M l s t r j f h l u f r ` a ddf
f j h l i l f l i d m d ` f t l h ` c j p s d i l ccll b í j , h d i`
i`
q u ` ccjj t r j s a l r m j i d ù f h ` c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h p j s j p l r c j r ` f l v j i d ù f h ` c j

m ` f t ` y j f d m j j s u s c ` it l r` s j ` x p ` r d m ` f t j r tjc r ` f lv j i d ùf .

3 Z u ä ` s r ` f l v j r c j m ` f t ` < @ s r ` ` h d t j r c j p ` c ííii u ccjj h ` c i l f s i d ` f t ` y

h ` c d f i l f s i d ` f t ` , r ` ` s i r d oodd r c l s j r i k d v l s h ` c r l m p ` i j o ` z j s h ` f u ` s t r j

m ` m l r d j . ^ j o c l s j o í j q u ` ssdd f l p j s j o j p l r t j c t r j f s a l r m j i d ù f , f l

k j o r íj
í j ` s p ` r j f z j , y t l h l i j m o d l s ` r í j s u p ` r aadd i d j c,
c, a ÷
÷tt dc
d c . ^ j r j q u ` s u j cc--

m j a u ` r j t r j f s a l r m j h j , o u s i ù h ` s ` s p ` r j h j m ` f t ` c j p r ` s ` f i d j h ` H ddll s

` f s u p r l p d l ``ss p í r ddtt u .

^ j o c l ` r j u f g l v ` f p r ` i l f i ` p t u l s l . ^ j r j ääcc , DDss r jj`` c , s u p u ` o c l , ` r j ``cc

m ` g l r h ` c j t d ``rr r jj.. @
@cc q u ` p l s ` í j c j m ` g l r r ` ccdd b ddùù f , c j m ` g l r i u c t u r j y ccjj

m ` g l r ät di j . C l s l tr l s p u ` o c l s ` r j f i l f s d h ` r j h l s b ` f t dc ` s y p j b j f l s .

@ c p ccjj f h ` ^ j o c l ` r j ` x t ` r m d f j r j ccll s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` c f j z j r ` f l p l r q u `

h ` s ` j o j p u r d aadd i j r s u r `c
` c d b ddùù f
f..

^ j s j f h l p l r ` c v j c c`
c ` h ` c l s s u ar
a r dm
d m d `f
`f t l s

I u j f h l ^ j oc l j o r j z ù c j i j u s j h ` G ` su i r ds t l , s ` ` f j m l r ù h ` cj k u -

m j f d h j h . J p r ` f h d ù j s llú
ú jr . K j o í j l h dj h l m u i k l , p ` r l j k l r j j m j o j

m u i k l m ê s . Y u i j m o d l a u ` t jf b r j f h ` q u ` p u ` h ` s ` r i l m p j r j h l , `f

f u ` s t r l s h í j s , i l f c j j i t d t u h h ` u f g u h í l r j h ddii j c q u ` s d ` m p r ` r ``--

s p l f h d ù i l f v d llcc ` f i d j j c j t j q u ` t ` r r l r d s ttjj h ` c ls
l s p j c ` s t ddf
fls y qu` jk l-

r j ccll s o u s i j p j r j o ` s j r c l s . ^ j o c l j m ù j c d or
or `s y j ` s i c j v l s , j g u h í l s y

j b r d ` b l s , j r d iill s y j p l o r ` s .

« K j s t j q u ä p u f t l s ` ` f t r ` b ù j c llss p u ` o c l s < X l t j ccm

m ` f t ` , c l q u ` cc``

c c`
c ` vù
v ù j v d vvdd r d f f u m ` r j o c ` s h r j m j s . X ` f í j t l h l s c l s m l t d v l s p j r j h ` s d -

stdr, p j r j l c v d h j r s ` h` c p r l y ` i t l h ` G ` s ÷ s , p ` r l s u h ` s ` l h ` l o ` h ` i ` r c `

`rj s`rdl.

M u i k j s v ` i ` s s ` s d f t ddùù h ` o d c d t j h l , p ` r l j p r ` f h d ù q u ` ``cc p l h ` r y cj
cj
a u ` r z j s ` p ` r a ` i i d l f j f ` f c j h ` o d c ddh
h j h . H ` ` s j a l r m j , s ` v l c vvdd ù s j o d l .

Äc a u ` u f j h ` c j s p l i j s p ` r s l f j s ` f c j t d `r
` r rrjj q u ` s ` j p r l v ` i k ù h ` i j h j

a r u s tr
t r j i d ù f , d f i l m p r ` f s d ù f , r ` i k j z l , k ` r d h j a í s d iijj y ` m l i d l f j c p j r j
d h`
h ` f td
t d ad
a d i jjrr s u s h l c l r ` s h ` c j c m j y r ` ` h d tj
t j r c l s . ^ j r j ääcc , t l h l s u a r d m d ` f t l

` r j df ÷
÷tt d c ssdd f l c l u s j o j p j r j ` f r d q u ` i ` r s u i j rê
r ê i tt`` r .

@ c p l h ` r h ` H d l s s ` p ` r a ` i i d l f j ` f c j a r j b d ccdd h j h k u m j f j . @ s t j ` r j c j

o j f h ` r j i l f c j i u j c ^ j o ccll ` f a r ` f t j o j c j s t l r m ` f t j s h ` c j v d h j . H d l s f l

` r j u f j t ` l r í j c ` gj
g j f j , j m d c ` s h ` j ú l s c u z,
z, s d f l q u ` ` r j ` c b r j f j r t ` -

s j f l h ` s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h . J ssíí , ``cc h d j m j f t ` ` f o r u ttll l o t u v l a l r m j s h `

r jr
j r j o ` cc
c c ` z j . ^ l r o u s i j r cj
cj p r ` s ` f i d j h ` H d l s ` f m l m ` f t l s i j s d d f s l -

plrtjoc`s, äc `sirdodríj ufj fu`vj kdstlrdj.

C j p s d i l c l b í j f l ` f t d ` f h ` j c b u f j s v ` r h j h ` s h ` c j d f tt`` c db
d b ` f i ddjj ` s p d r -

d t u j c . ^ ` r l ` s d f h d s i u t d o c ` q u ` u f l h ` c l s b r j f h ` s v ` r h u b l s h ` c j k ds
ds -

t lr
l r dj
d j i l f q u d s t ù u f j s u o c d m ` k u m j f d h j h . Y u b ` f t dc
dc `z j , m j f s ` h u m o r ` ,

s l cd h j rd h j h y i j p j i d h j h h` p`rhl fjr slf p l ä t d i j s. ^ r l o j o c ` m ` f t `

f d f b u f l h ` f l s l t r l s k j y j s d h l t j f k l sstt dc
d c i l m l ^ j oocc l,
l , p ` r l,
l , j ccjj m d s -

m j v ` z , f d f b u f l j m ù t j f t l i l m l ä cc.. @ s t j m l s c ` g l s h ` s u j b r ` s dv
dv d h j h

y m ê s c`gls j÷f h ` s u ij p j idh j h h ` jmjr.

@f cj s`bufhj ijrtj j cls ilrdftdls, äc kjocj h` cj brjfh`zj h` cjs

c ` i i d l f ` s p l r c js
js i u j c ` s p j s ù , y q u ` ` x p u s d ` r l f c j s o j s ` s ` f a ` r m d z j s

h ` s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h . ^ j o cl
cl , q u ` p ` r s d b u d ` r j d m p c j i j o c ` m ` f t ` j t l h l s

cls irdstdjfls, t`rmdfù sd`fhl p`rs`budhl y suardù `xp`rd`fidjs hl

c l r l s j s m ê s a r ` i u ` f t ` s ` d f t ` f s j s q u ` c js
js q u ` k j o í j p r l v l i j h l .

K d z l t r ` s c j r b l s v d j g ` s p l r t d ` r r j s c ` g j f j s p j r j j f u f i d j r ``cc m ` f s j g `

h` G`s÷ s. Au` j r r ` s tj h l v j r d j s v ` i ` s . C j s i ê r i ` c ` s r l m j f j s ` rj f

h ` p ù s d t l s k u m j f l s , c ÷ b u o r ` s y k ÷ m ` h l s . ^ ` r l ä c f l s ` j o j t íj
í j , j f tt`` s

i r ` í j q u ` s u a r ddrr p l r c j i j u s j h ` G ` s u i r d s t l ` r j u f p r d v ddcc ` bbdd l . X ` f

fíí j r j -
z l f ` s p j r j h ` s ` s p ` r j r s ` p ` r l , i l f t r j r d j f h l t l h j c ù b ddii j , ` f c u b j r h
h``

qu`gjrs`, ijftj oj md`ftrjs `stjo j pr`sl.

K j o í j j z l t j h l j c l s i r d s t d j f l s ` f c js
js s d f j b l b j s , p ` r l s u i u ` r p l a u `
m j r i j h l p l r c j v d l cc`` f i d j h ` c l s j z l t ` s j p c d i j h l s p l r c l s g u h í l s . Y d f

` m o j r b l , f j h j j i j c c j o j s u v l z . H d a í i d ccm
m ` f t ` j ccbb u d ` f a u ` t j f k u m d c c j h l

y k ` r d h l i l m l ` s t ` j p ù s t l c . @f B r ` i d j , i j s d cl c d f i k j r l f . Jccí, cj b ` f t `

b r d t j o j ` f c jjss i j cccc ` s p d h d ` f h l s u m u ` r t ` . ^ ` r l i l f s d h ` r j o j s u v d h j j cc--

bl m uy pr`idlsl. Zu`ríj jp rlv`ik jr ijhj m d f u t l p j r j k j o cj r h`c

M j ` s t r l h ` c J m l r . J u f q u ` c l u cctt r j gj
g j r llf
f y i l f s d h ` r j r l f o j s u r j h`c

m u f h l , ä c g j m ê s s ` iijj c c ùù.. F l k j o í j j f h j h l i l f G ` s ÷ s , p ` r l ccll j m ù

k j s t j cj
cj s ÷ c t d m j s i l f s ` i u ` f i d j s .

I d` rt j v ` z, au ` j p ` h r ` j h l y h j h l p l r m u ` r t l . Y u i u ` r p l q u ` h ù i u -

o d ` r ttll h ` s j f b r ` y c j i ` r j h l . I u j f h l s ` r ` i u p ` r ù , ttjj c v ` z s ` r ` i l r h ù h `

@ s t ` o j f , j p ` h r ` j h l y m u ` r t l i l f s u i l f s ` f t d m d ` f t l . @f c u b j r h `

v l c t ` j r c j s ` s p j c h j s jc v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s , r ` f l v j o j cj s a u ` r z j s y

s`buíj slújfhl.

@xp`rdm`ftù p`rdlhls h` dft`fsj jfbustdj, jfsd`hjh, h`s`s-

p ` r j i d ù f . @ f t r ` ttjj f t ll,, c j m u ` r t ` f l ccll j m ` h r ` f t j o j . @ rrjj i l m l s d m d r j r j

j c l s l g l s h ` H d l s y v d ` r j u f p r ` m d l f u ` v l i j h j h í j.
j.

J cl cj r b l h ` s u v dh j s u a r d ù tr ` s f j u a r j b d l s . ^ j s ù u f j f l i k ` y uf híj

`f cj aurdj h`c mjr, prlojoc`m`ft` jbjrrjhl j uf trlzl h` mjh`rj

p j rj
r j f l k u f h d r s ` . ¡ I u ê f t l h l c llrr ! T t l h l ` s l p l r i j u s j h ``cc j m l r

d f il f tr l cj o c` q u ` s ` f t í j p l r c l s h ` m ê s .

@ f a r ` f t ù p ` c d b r l s h ` t l h l t ddpp l . C l j s j c t j r l f y c ` r l o j r l f . C l s gu
gu h í l s

cl l h d j o j f ` f t j f t l q u ` c l s b ` f td c` s cl r ` i k j z j o j f . K u o l m l m ` f t l s

i u j f h l f l t ` f í j ` f ` r b í j s p j r j s ` b u d r y p ` f s j o j q u ` c l m ` g l r s ` rí
ríj

j o j f h l f j r c l t l h l 5 s df
df ` m o j r b l , f l h ` s d st í j h ` c l s s u ` ú l s h ` G` s ÷ s .
 H ` s f u h l , j b u j f t ù k j m o r ` y s ` h . T i l m l sd c js t ` m p ` s t j h ` s ` xt `-

r d l r ` s f l k u o d ` s ` f s d h l m u i k l , v d v ííjj u f j b r j f t l r m ` f t j d f tt`` r ddll r 7 c j

p r ` l i u p j i d ù f j a` i td vj i l f t l h j s c j s p ` r s l f j s q u ` i r ` íj f ` f G ` s÷ s .
^ l i l s p ` r s l f j g ` s ` f cjc j k d sstt l r ddjj p j b j r l f u f p r ` i d l t j f b r j f h ` p l r

jmjr.

P f j h ` i ccj
jrj
jii dù
dù f h ` j m l r

J p ` s j r h ` k j o ` r p j s j h l p l r df h `sirdptdo c`s su ar dm d`f tl s, ^jocl

v d v d ù `c j u b ` h ` cj s j c u h p s í q u d i j . X ` f í j t l h l s c l s m l t d v l s p j r j s ` r uf

h ` p r d m d h l , u f m j c k u m l r j h l y uf j f s d l s l , p ` r l ` r j j c `b r ` y s `r ` f l .

J u f q u ` `f su s ` b u f h j ijrtj j cls ilrdftdls il f tù h ` su s suardm d`ftls

v`rblfzlsls ` dfhdbfls, `f su prdm `rj ijrtj kdzl cj mês o`ccj

h ` s i r d p i d ù f h ``cc j m l r . @ f ` s j p l r i ddùù f , s u p ` r ù c j s ` f s d o d c dh
d h j h h ` c llss

p l ` t j s , cj
cj p r l a u f h d h j h h ` c l s a d c ù s l a l s y cj s ` r ` f d h j h h ` c l s p ` f -

sjhlr`s.

@f `c ijpítucl :9 h` cj prdm`rj ijrtj j cls ilrdftdls, jadrmj qu` `c

j m l r ` s c j o j s ` h ` c j v d h j . P f j p ` r s l f j p u ` h ` k j o c j r t l h l s c l s dh
dh -

d l m j s , p ` r l s d f l t d ` f ` j m l r , ` s i l m l `c o r l f i ` q u ` ` m d t ` s l f d h l s ,

p ` r l f l t d ` f ` vd
v d hj
h j . P f j p ` r s l f j p u ` h ` i l f l i ` r t l h l s c ls
ls m d s t` r d l s h `

c j i d ` f i dj
dj y h ` cj t ` l c l b í j , p ` r l sd f l t d ` f ` j m l r , t l h l s u i l f l i d m d ` f -

t l j i ` r i j h ` H d l s s ` r ê v j i í l y f l t ` f h r ê s ` f t d h l h ` v dh
dh j .

_ ` v ` c j f h l u f j s l o r d ` h j h d m p r ` s d l f j f t ` , ^ j o cl h d g l q u ` `c j m l r ` s

p j i d ` f t ` y o ` f d b f l , q u ` ` c j m l r ` s t j o ddcc d z j c jjss ` m l i d l f ` s k j i d ä f h l c j s

s ` r ` f j s y t r j f q u d ccjj s . C j j u s ` f i d j h ``cc j m l r p l r H d l s , p l r ccjj vvdd h j , p l r

c j s p ` r s l f j s , p l r ` c t r j o j ggll p r l h u i ` j f s d ` h j h y ` b l í s m l . ^ j o c l i l f -

s d b u d ù j p r ` f h ` r ``cc j c a j o ` t l h ` c j m j f s ` h u m o r ` y h ` c j o l f h j h s l c l

h ` s p u ä s q u ` p j s ù j j m j r . @ c j m l r f l s u a r ` p l r i ` c l s , f l s ` ` xxjj ct
c t j,
j, f l
j i t ÷ j d f s ` f s j t j m ` f t ` , f l o u s i j s u s d f t ` r ` ss`` s , f l b u j r h j r ` f i l r ` ss..

^ j o cl
c l s d ` m p r ` k j o í j k ` i k l h ` s u ` m l i d ù f u f h ` p ù s d t l h ` o j s u r j . C llss

p r l o c ` m j s c l d f vvjj h ííjj f y p ` r t u r o j o j f . Y ` i r ` j o j ` f ` m d b l s b r j t u d t j -
m ` f t ` . @ rrjj u f j p ` r s l f j t r j s t l r f j h j y i l f aacc di
d i t ddvv j . C j p j z f l ` r j p j rrtt `

h` su k d s t l r d j.
j. H ` s ` j o j h ` s tr u d r j c l s h ` m ê s p l r q u ` ` rj j u tl h ` 

struitdvl. @f cj m`hdhj `f qu` ilm`fzù j trjfsalrmjr cj m`ft` y j

h ` s l o s t r u d r cj ` m l i d ù f , a u ` j o j f h l f j f h l i j h j v ` z m ê s `c j p ` b l j

s u s p r l p d j s d h ` j s y j c j f ` i ` s d h j h h ` q u ` ``cc m u f h l b d r j r j ` f t l r f l h `

s u s v ` r h j h ` s . Z u d ` f f l j i `p t j s ` r i l f t r j r d j h l y s ` p l f ` p l r ` f i d m j

h ` c l s h ` m ê s ` s d f m j h u r l . @ c v ` r h j h ` r l j m l r f l s ` ` xxjj ct
c t j,
j, f l ` s v íi -

t d m j h ` c l rb
r b u cccc l , f l o u s i j s u s p r l p d l s d f t ` r ` s ` s . @ c j m l r s ù c d h l f l s `

j c ` b r j i l f c j d f ggu
u s ttdd i ddjj , f l t d ` f ` m d ` h l h ` s u
uaa rrdd r,
r, h ` ` f t r ` b j r s ` , i r ` `

a ê i d cm
cm ` f t ` y t d` f ` ` s p ` r j f z j s ù c d h j h ` q u ` h í j s m ` g l r ` s v ` f h r ê f .

M ` b u s t j r í j , j c b ÷ f h ííjj , ` s i r d o d r u f c ddoo rrll s l o r ` t l h l s c l s t ` m j s j q u `

^ j o c l s ` r ``aa d r dù
dù . @ s u f t ` m j d f j b l t j o cc`` . @c j m l r v ` f i ` t l h l s c ls
ls

trjs tlrf ls `m li dlf jc`s . @

@cc j m l r s u p ` r j t l h j s c js
j s i r d s d s a j m d c d j r ` ss.. @c

j m l r k j i ` r d iill s j ccll s m d s ` r j o c ` s . K j i ` h ` ccjj v d h j u f j k j z j ú j . @c

@c j m l r

i j m o d j `c ê f b u c l h ` v d s d ù f h ` c l s p r l o c ` m j s 7 c l s b d b j f t ` s s ` v u ` c v ` f

p ` q u ` ú l s , y c js m l f t j ú j s , m d f ÷ s i u c j s p d ` hr js .

« Z u ä k l m o r ` ` s ä s ` q u ` h j r ` i l m ` f h j i d l f ` s ` f m ` h d l h ` t jf tl

h l c l r < d Z u ä k l m o r ` h d i ` q u ` ccjj v d h j ` s ` f i j f t j h l r j m d ` f t r j s ` c m u f -

h l s ` h ` s m l r l f j s l o r ` ä c< @
@cc k l m o r ` q u ` ` f ``cc p j s j h l k dr
d r dù
dù y t l r -

t u rù , h`sp uäs au` ijpjz h` uf jm lr d f i l m p r ` f s d o c` pjrj cj

cj

kumjfdhjh.

C l s i j m o d l s ` f c jjss o j s ` s i l f s i d ` f t ` s ` d f i l f s i d ` f t ` s d f h d ij
ij f q u `

^ j o cl f l m ` g l r ù s l c j m ` f t ` s u ij r êi t` r , s d f l q u ` s ` v l cv d ù uf f u ` v l

k l m o r ` . Y u i j m o d l h ` g j j s l m o r j h l j i u j c q u d ` r d f v ` s t db
d b j h l r h ` ccjj
psdilclbíj. _`p r`s`ftj uf j h` c js
js m ês r`vlcuidlfjrdjs trjfsalr-

m j i d l f ` s h ` cj
c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` u f s ` r k u m j f l ` f t l h j c j k ds
d s tl
t l r ddjj .

_ ` p r ` s ` f t j u f j b r j f ` x i c j m j i d ù f h ` ` s p ` r j f z j . Y d ^ j o cl i j m o d ù t j f -
t l,
l, i u j c q u d ` r j p ` r s l f j p u ` h ` j cd m ` f t j r ` s j m d s m j ` s p ` r j f z j .

Cj vdhj qu` `filftrù `f Irdstl cl cdo`rù h`c ijls y cl kdzl vdvdr

d f t ` f s j m ` f t ` k j i d ` f h l h ` i j h j m l m ` f t l u f j ` x p ` r d ` f i dj
d j ÷ f d iijj , uf
uf

p l ` m j h ` j m l r . Äc
Ä c h ` m l s t r ù , ` f i j h j u f l h ` c l s v j c c`
c` s ` m l i d l f j c ` s

q u ` i r u z ù , q u ` g j m ê s h ` o ` m l s h ` s ddss t d r h ` c j v d h j , i l f t l h j s c j s p ä r -

hdhjs, h`i`pidlf`s, h`s`fiu`ftrls, arustrjidlf`s. _jrjm`ft` `c hlclr

k j p r l h u i d h l t j f t j d f s p d r j i d ù f y u f vvdd v ddrr t j f j p j s d l f j f t ` . ^ j o c l a u
u``
u f k l m o r ` a ``cc dz
d z ` f u f j t dd`` r r j h ` d f a ``cc di
d i ` ss..

: : :P F J I J _ X J H @ J M L _ 7

@ C A D F J C H @ CJ K D Y X L _ D J

H @ C LY H DY IÍ ^ PC L Y
d H ù f h ` ` s tê
tê ` c j m l r <

Jc
Jc j m l r s ` c l h ` s i r d o ` ` f c l s c d o r l s , s ` c l p r l i c j m j ` f c j s p l ` s í j s , s `

c l i j f t j ` f c j m ÷ s d i j , s ` c l a ddcc m j ` f ` c i d f ` . J p ` s j r h ` s ` r ``cc a ` f ù -
m ` f l p s d i l c ù b d i l m ê s p r l i u r j h l h ` c j k d st st l r d j , ` s ` c m ` f l s

ilmpr`fhdhl.

_ ` y ` s o u s i j f ` c j m l r ` f ` c p l h ` r , ssdd f ` f i l f t r j r c l . C l s a j m l s l s ccll

o u s i j f ` f c l s j p c j u s l s , p ` r l m u i k l s m u ` r ` f s l c d t j r ddll s . C l s r d i l s

p r ` t ` f h ` f i l m p r j r c l i l f s u s a l r t u f j s, p ` r l `c h d f `r l , j u f q u ` i l m -

p rj
r j ``cc m u f h l , f l i l m p r j ` c s ` f t d h l h ` ccjj v dh
dh j. ^ l ` t j s o u s i j f ` f i l f -

t r j r c l ` f c l s v ` r s l s , p ` r l m u i k l s s ` h ` s p d h ` f h ` c j v d h j s ddf
f p l ` s íj .
I d ` f t í aadd i l s ccll p l f ` f ` f c j s p c j f i k j s h ` s u s d h ` j s , p ` r l f l i l f s d b u ` f

`ft`fh`rcl.

^ j r j m u i k l s ``cc j m l r f l ` s m ê s q u ` u f ` s p ` g d s m l . C l o u s i j f h `

alrm j `rrjhj `f cls cubjr`s `rrjhls. Ir``f q u` s` liuctj `f cjs

b r j f h ` s i l s j s , s ddf
f h j r s ` i u ` f t j h ` q u ` s d ` m p r ` ` s t ê p r ` s ` f t ` ` f ccjj s

i l s j s m ê s s d m p c ` s , h d m d f u t j s , i j s d d m p ` r i ` p t d o c ` s . @ f ccjj s l f r d s j h `

u f f d ú l , ` f ``cc o ` s l h ` u f j m j h r ` , ` f ` c i l f s u ` c l h ` u f j m d b l , ` f c j s

h ê h d v j s h ``cc I r ` j h llrr .

¼ H ù f h ` ` s t ê ` c j m l r s ` f i d cccc l , d f b ` f u l y j r r ` o j t j h l r q u ` r ` s i j t j ``cc

s ` f t d h l h ` cj
c j v d h j y f l s k j i ` s l f r ` í r i u j f h l t ` f ` m l s m l t d v l s p jjrr j

c c l rj
r j r < ¼ H ù f h ` ` s t ê ``cc j m l r q u ` f l s k j i ` h ` s p ` r t j r p l r ccjj m j ú j f j y

h ` i d r q u ` c j v d h j ` s m j r j v d cccc l s j , j p ` s j r h ` t l h l s fu`strls prlo-

c ` m j s < ¼ H ù f h ` ` s t ê ``cc j m l r q u ` f l s k j i ` t ` f ` r ` s p ` r j f z j s ` f j c b u dd`` f

i u j f h l s u a r d m l s h ` i ` p i d l f ` s < « H ù f h ` ` s t ê ` c j m l r q u ` t r j s a l r m j ``cc

t r j o j g l ` f u f l j s d s o j g l ` c i j c l r h ` c j i l m p ` t ` f i d j y h ` c j s r ` c j id
id l f ` s

` s t r ` s j f t ` s < « H ù f h ` ` s t ê `c j m l r q u ` f l s k j i ` v `r q u ` cj v dh j ` s u f j

v ` f t j f j p j r j cj ` t ` r f d h j h j ÷ f i u j f h l ` s t ` m l s cc l r j f h l cj p ä r h d h j h`
j cb ÷ f s ` r j m j h l <

@ c i c ddm
m j s l i ddjj c h ` c j ä p l i j h ` G ` s ÷ s ` r j ``cc m ` f l s r ` i l m ` f h j h l p j rrjj

k j o c j r h ` j m l r . C j m d s ` r d j aaíí s d i j y ` m l i d l f j c , c j s p r ` s d l f ` s p l c í t di
di j s y

c j h d s i r d m d f j i d ù f a c l r ` i ííjj f ` f ` c j c m j h ` c l s g u h í l s . Y l c l k j o í j ` s p j -

i d l p j r j k j o c j r h ` l h d l y h ` r ` o ` cd
c d ù f i l f t r j ``cc D m p ` r d l _ l m j f l .

K j o c j r h` j m l r ` r j u f ` s i ê f h j c l . @f ` s ` i cd m j , G ` s ÷ s i r ` ù uf j m o d -

` f t ` h ` j m l r i j s d d rr
rr ` j c . K lm or`s ilf jm odidlf`s, r`jiidlf`s y

p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` s h d s t d f tj
t j s i l m ` f z j r l f j r ` iidd tj
t j r p l ` m j s h ` j m l rr..

@ c j m l r ` f tr
t r ` ` cc
c c l s t r j f s i ` f h í j c j s`
s` x u j c d h j h y c l s d f t ` r ` s ` s . C l s p l -

o r ` s s ` v l c v d ` r l f r d i llss , c l s h ` s p r ` i d j h l s b j f j r l f s t j t u s h ` s ` r ` s k u -
m j f l s , c l s h ` p r d m d h l s ` f i l f t r j r l f j c ` b r ííjj y cl
cl s j f s d l s l s o ` od `r l f

h ` c j a u ` f t ` h ` cj t r j f q u dc dh j h . G ` s ÷ s f l h ` g ù u f s í m o l c l , s ` ú j c l h l b -

mj r`cdbdlsl qu` dh`ftdadijrj j sus hdsiípucls, slcjm`ft` `c jmlr7 «

@ f ` s t l i l f l i ` r ê f t l h l s q u ` s l d s m d s h d s i í p u c l s , s d t u vvdd ` r ` ddss j m l r

c ls
ls u f l s p l r c l s l t r l s µ . @ c v ` r h j h ` r l h d s i í p u c l f l ` r j ``cc q u ` ` r r j o j

m ` f l s , ` c m ê s ä t d i l l ``cc m ê s p u r l , s d f l j q u ` c q u ` s j o í j j m jjrr .

P f j p ` r s l f j p l h í j k j i ` r l r j i d l f ` s t l h l ` c h íj
íj , ` f j ct ` i` r j G ` s ÷ s y

s ` r u f p r ` h d i j h l r h ` s u s p j c j o r j s , p ` r l , ssdd f l j m j o j , f l ` r j u f h d s -

i í p u c l , s l c l u f s d m p c ` j h m d r j h l r . G ` s ÷ s s j o í j q u ` s l c j m ` f t ` `c j m l r

s ` r í j i j p j z h ` j i ` r i j r ` f t r ` s í j p ` r s l f j s h ` i u c t u r j s , r ` c ddbb d l f ` s ,

p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` s , l p d f d l f ` s , r j z j s y f j i d l f j c d h j h ` s h d s t d f ttjj s .

@ c j m l r h ` s ttrr u y ` ` c d f h ddvv d h u j ccdd sm

s m l , p ` r l f l c j ddf
fhdvdhujcdhjh

Jc
Jc j p r ` f h ` r `c c ` f b u j g ` h ` c j m l r , c l s h d s i í p u c l s p ` r h d ` r l f c ` f t j -

m ` f t ` ` c ddf
f h d v d h u j c d s m l , p ` r l f l ccjj d f h d v d h u j c d h j h . M j f t u v d ` r l f s u

dh`ftdhjh, sus ijrjit`rístdijs pjrtdiucjr`s, sus pr`a`r`fidjs, sus bus-

t l s,
s , s u s r ` j i i ddll f ` s . C l s h d s i í p u c l s s ` b u í j f t ` f d ` f h l p ` r s l f j c d h j h ` s
hda`r`ft`s. ^`rl, ¼ i u ê c ` r j ccjj p ` r s l f j c d h j h p r ` a ` r d h j p l r G ` s ÷ s < ¼ Cj

s ` f s d o c ` i l m l cj h ` G u j f , cj h ` i d h d h j i l m l cj h ` ^ ` h r l l cj p ` r s p d i j z

i l m l cj h ` ^ jo cl <

G ` s ÷ s f l h ` m l s t r ù i u j c q u d ` r p r ` a ` r ` f i d j . @c M j ` s t r l D f l c v d h j o c ` r ` -

s p ` t j o j y j p r ` i d j o j c j s h ddaa ` r ` f i d j s . Y l c j m ` f t ` h ` s ` j o j s j o ` r ssdd ``cc

j m l r d r r db j o j l f l c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` ` c cl s . @
@cc j m l r i l r r d b ` r u t j s ,

t r j f q u d ccdd z j ccjj ` m l i d ù f , t r j ` c u i d h ` z jjcc p ` f s j m d ` f t l , r l m p ` ccjj ` s t r u i -

t u r j h ``cc ` b l í s m l . @ c j m l r f l s k j i ` ¡ b u j c ` s , j p ` s j r h ` t l h j s c j s h d aa`` r -

`fidjs.

@c irdstdjfdsml `stê hdvdhdhl `f muikjs r`cdbdlf`s. Ijhj ufl sdbu`

cj suyj h` jiu`rhl ilf cj prlpdj ilfid`fidj, p`rl `s rjrl p`ridodr uf

j m l r j r h d ` f t ` ` f t r ` i r d s t d j f l s h ` r ` c d b d l f ` s h d s td f t j s . @ s r jr l ` f i l f -

t r j r ` x p r ` s d l f ` s h ` j a`
a` i t l, r ` u f d l f ` s s l i d j c ` s u l r j i d l f ` s ` f i l m ÷ f

` f tr ` j q u ` cc l s q u ` f l i l m p j r t ` f c js m d s m j s d h `j s . G ` s ÷ s i l m í j tj f tl

` f c j i j s j h ` u f a j r d s ` l i l m l ` f c j h ` u f i l o r j h l r h ` d m p u ` s t l s . Q jjcc -

l r j o j j c llss ä t d i l s y h j o j ` s p ` i d j c j t ` f i d ù f j c l s d f m l r j c ` s . ¡ J m j o j j

p ` r s l f j s m u y h da ` r` f t` s !

¼ H ù f h ` ` s t ê `c j m l r ` f c ls h íj s j i t u j c` s < C j s p ` r s l f j s p u ` h ` f ` s -

t j r h d v d h d h j s ` f h d s t df t j s r ` c d b dl f ` s p ` r l ` s d f j i ` p t j o c ` q u ` `c j m l r

` s t ä h d v d h d h ll,, p u ` s s d c l ` s t u v d ` r ` , s ` h d s l c v ` r í j i l f ` c i j c l r h ` f u ` s -

t r j s h da
d a ` r ` f i d j s . Z u d ` f f l j m j f l t d ` f ` s u ` ú l s , f l s ` p l f ` ` f ` c cu
cu -

b j r h ` ccll s l t r l s , f l s j o ` i l m p r ` f h ` r c l s .

M u i k l s i r d s t d j f l s y m d ` m o r l s h ` l t r j s r ` c d b d l f ` s r l ttu
u cj f i l m l

h ä o d c`
c` s j j q u ` c c l s q u ` p l s ` ` f t r j s t l r f l s ` m l i d l f j c ` s . @f c u b j r h `

j m j r c l s y i l m p r ` f h ` r c l s , c l s g u z b j f y i l f h ` f j f . I l m ` t ` f u f j d f g us
us -

t d i d j q u ` s l c l q u d`
d` f f l j m j cj i l m ` t ` . F l s j o ` f q u ` , ` f r `j cd hj h, m u -

i k l s p j i d ` f t ` s h ` p r d m d h l s y p l r t j h l r ` s h ` l t r l s t r j s tl r f l s p s í q u di l s
s l f c js
j s m ` g l r ` s p ` r s l f j s h ` ccjj s l i d ` h j h , ù p t d m j s p j r j c l s l t r l ss,, p ` r l

p ä s d m j s p j r j ` c c j s m d s m j s , p u ` s f l t d ` f ` f p r l t ` i i dù
dù f ` m l i d l f j c . @s

` c m d ` h l h ` c j s i rríí ttdd i js
j s y h ` c p r ` i l f i ` p t l q u ` c j s c c`
c` v j j f l k j o c j r j i -

` r i j h ` s u p r l p d l h l cl
c l r.
r.

@c M j ` s t r l h ` c J m l r s ` l p l f ` i l m p c ` t j m ` f t ` j ` s j a l r m j h`

p r ` i l f i ` p t l . C j f l i k ` ` f q u ` a u ` t r j d i d l f j h l , ääcc , q u ` j c i j f z ù ` c t l p `

h ` cj s jc u h p s í q u d i j, h ` r r j m ù c ê b r dm j s s df m d ` h l y f l h d s a r j z ù s u h l -

c lr . J c p ` r m d t d r q u ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s l o s ` r v j r j f s u h r j m ê t d i j j f b u s t d j y

` s t r ä s , h ` s ` j o j q u ` ` f t ` f h d ` r j f f l s l c l ccjj h d m ` f s d ù f h ` s u s j ir
i r ddaa ddii d l ,

s d f l q u ` j p r ` f h d` r j f j j m j r , i l m p r ` f h ` r y j h d j c l b j r i l f c l s k` r dh l s
h`c jcmj.

^ ` r l , d h ù f h ` ` s t ê ``cc p l ` m j h ` c j m l r p r l i c j m j h l p l r ^ j o c l y q u `

j cd
c d vvdd j j c l s j o j t d h l s p l r c j h ` p r ` s d ù f y p l r c j j f s d ` h j h < « H ù f h ` ` s tê
tê f

c ls
l s o ` s l s h ` j m l r j f u f i d j h l s p l r ^ ` h r l q u ` j ccdd v ddjj f j c ls
ls a r u s tr j h l s y

j c ls
l s h ` s ` s p ` r j h l s < ¼ H ù f h ` ` s t ê ``cc s j c u h l i j c u r l s l h ` Gu
Gu j f , q u ` `x -

j ct
ct j j t l h l s , f l m o r ` p l r f l m o r ` , i l m l j m d b l s , y ` s i j p j z h ` k j i ` r

qu` cls jacdbdhls s` sd`ftjf jmjhls y qu`rdhls< Kjocjr h` G`suirdstl

s df j m l r ` s k j o c j r h ` u f o j f q u ` t ` s d f i l m d h j .

K l y p j r ` i ` aê
a ê id
i d c h ` i d r q u ` s ` ` s i r d s t dj
dj f l 5 h ` k ` i k l , m ê s h ` h l s odc-

c l f ` s h ` p ` r s l f j s c l j a d r m j f . H ` i c j r j r s ` i r d s td j f l k j s t j h j i j t ` b l r í j

s l i d j c.
c . ^ ` rrll , p u ` h ` l i u r r d r q u ` i u j f h l ä s t j ` s t ê ` f u f p r d m ` r p c jf
jf l ,

` c j m l r p u ` h ` q u ` ` s t ä ` f ` c ÷ cctt ddm
ml.

@ c D s c j m ` s u f j r ` ccdd b ddùù f q u ` t d ` f ` t r j h d i d l f ` s i r d s t d j f j s y g u h í j s .

^ ` r l c j m j y l r í j h ` c l s d s c ê m d i l s h ` s i l f l i ` f q u ` M j k l m j ` x j ct
ct j j

G` s÷ s `f p r l sj y v` r s l ccjm êf h l cl « Y u H d b f d h j h µ ` f `c c do r l s j b r j h l

h ` c l s m u s u c m j f ` s . @ f ttrr ` t j f t l , ¼ h ù f h ` ` s t ê ``cc j m l r p r l i c j m j h l p llrr

G ` s ÷ s `f tr ` cls r jh di jc` s h`c ds c j m d s m l <

 C l s j t j q u ` s t ` r r l rd s tj s q u ` h ` s t r u y ` f v d h j s ` s i r d o ` f u f j i j r tj h `

l h d l , y f l h ` j m l r . @ s r j r l v ` r i r ddss t d j f l s j m j r j m u s u c m j f ` s y j

m u s u c m j f ` s j m j r j i r ds t dj f l s . @
@cc l h d l y ccll s r ` f i l r ` s k j f p r ` v j c ` -

i d h l . @ c j m l r s ` v l c v d ù u f j d ccu
u s ddùù f .

F l p l f b j i l f h di dl f ` s p j r j j m j r

F`i`sdtjmls `fjmlrjrfls h` cj `sp`id` kumjfj, ilml cl kdzl `c

M j ` s t r l h ` cj Q dh j. H ` o ` m l s q u ` h j r f l s a j s i d f j h l s i l f cj s r `j i -

i d l f ` s h ` u f m ` f h d b l , i l f c j s j c u i d f j i d l f ` s h ` u f p j i d ` f t ` p s ddii ùùtt d
d

i l , i l f c js
j s p ` r d p ` i d j s h ` u f f d ú l , i l f c j s r ` a cc`` x d llf
f`s h` cls jfidjfls.
I j h j s ` r k u m j f l ` s u f j iijj g j h ` s ` i r ` t l s . I j h j s ` r k u m j f l m ` r ` i ` ``cc

L s i j r l ` c ^ r ` m d l F l o ` c p l r ccjj v d h j m d s t ` r d l s j q u ` k j y h ` f t r l h ` ääcc .

Jc
Jc j f j c d z j r c j p ` r s l f j c d h j h h ` G ` s ÷ s , u f j v ` z m ê s m ` i l f v ` f i í h `

q u ` ccjj u f d a l r m d h j h ` s ` s t ÷ p d h j . C j o ` c cc`` z j ` s t ê ` f j m j r c j s h d aa`` r -

` f i d j s , ` f f l ` x d bbdd r q u ` c l s l t r l s s ` j f d b u j c ` s j f l s l t r l s p j r j q u ` c ls
ls

j m ` m l s . G ` s ÷ s a u ` j a ` i t u l s l i l f G u h j s ` f ``cc m l m ` f t l h ` ccjj t rrjj di

d i dù
dù f

y j i l b d ù j ^ ` h r l ` f ` c m l m ` f t l h ` c j f ` b j i d ù f . Äc c l s j m ù , j p ` s j r h `

s u s h d a ` r ` f i ddjj s . Y d j m ù j p ` r s l f j s q u ` c l h ` i ` p i d l f j r l f t j f t l , a u `

p j r j m l s t r j r q u ` f l h ` o ` m l s ` x db
d b dr
dr i l f h d i d l f ` s p j r j j m j r .

¡ @ c ` g ` m p c l h ` c M j ` s t r l m ` c cc`` v ù j j m j r j p ` r s l f j s m u y h d a ` r ` f t ` s

h ` m í ! ^ ` r s l f j s q u ` p l s ` ` f p u f t l s h ` vvdd st
st j hd a `r ` f t` s h ` c m í l , q u `

j h l p t j f p r ê i t d i j s h ` c j s i u j c ` s f l p j r t d id
id pl . J p ` s j r h ` h d s i l r h j r h `

c j s i r ` ` f i d j s y i l f v d i i d l f ` s h ` c llss h ` m ê s , u s t ` h h ` o ` p r ` s ` r v j r su
su

j m l r p l r ` c ccll s y r ` s p ` t j r s u c ù b d i j , s u d f t ` c d b ` f i ddjj , s u v ` r h j h , s u s

l p d f d l f ` s y f l s d m p c ` m ` f t ` h ` s ` i k j r cl s .

Y d G ` s ÷ s p ` r h l f ù j s u s v ` r h u b l s m d ` f t r j s t l h j s s u s i ä c u c j s m l r ííjj f ,

d q u d ä f ` s s l m l s f l s l t r l s p j r j ` xxdd b dr
dr , ` f f u ` s t r l o d ` f ` s t j r ` b l í s t j ,
q u ` p ` r s l f j s q u ` p d ` f s j f h d a`
a` r `f t ` h ` f l s l t r l s i j m o d ` f p j r j q u ` p l

h j m l s j m j r c j s < C l s i r d s t d j f l s f l s l c l h ` o ` f j m j r j l t r l s i r d s t dj
d j f l ss,,

s d f l q u ` , s d r ` j c m ` f t ` v d v ` f c l q u ` v dv
d v d ù G ` s ÷ s , j m j r í j f t j m o d ä f j cl
cl s

ouhdstjs, j cls dscêmdils, j cls jt`ls.

@ c m l h ` c l q u ` l a r ` i ` `c
` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j ` s ` c l i u ` f t ` . Äc j m ù

t j f t l j cj
c j b ` f t ` q u ` g j m ê s p r ` s d l f ù j f j h d ` p j rrjj q u ` c l s d b u d ` r j.
j. F l

d m p l f í j s u s d h ` j s , s df l q u ` c j s p r ` s ` f t j o j i l f i c j r d hj h y ` f i j f t l ,

h ` g j f h l q u ` ` c cj
c j s h ` i d h d ` r j f q u ä i j m d f l t l m j r . @ f c u b j r h ` h j r u fj
fj

l r h ` f , k d z l u f j o ` c c j d f v ddtt j i ddùù f 7 « @c q u ` q u d ` r j v ` f d r ` f p l s h ` m í ,

sí b j m ` µ ,« @c q u ` t ` f b j s ` h , v ` f b j j m í y o ` o j µ ,« Z u d äf h ` m í s `
j c d m ` f t j , g j m ê s t ` f h r ê k j m o r ` µ . @ c j m l r r ` s p ` t j ` c ccdd oorr ` j c o ` h r íl
í l , cj

c do
do r ` h ` i d s d ù f .

C l s q u ` d m p l f ` f i l f h d i d l f ` s p jr j j m j r t ` f hr ê f s d ` m p r ` uf j m l r

h ä o dc
d c . F u ` s t r j ` s p ` i d ` s u a r d ù ``cc h l c l r h ` c js
j s b u ` r r j s y h ` c j ` s i c j v ddtt u h

p l r q u ` ` s i u i k ù k j o c j r h ``cc j m l r p ` r l f l ccll i l f l i d ù .

C l s p j h r ` s q u ` ` x d b ` f q u ` s u s k d ggll s i j m o d ` f h ` j i td
td tu h p j r j p l h ` r

k j i ` r c ` s u f ` c l b d l y s ` r j a ` i t d v l s i l f ` c ccll s h d a í i ddcc m ` f t ` c l s i l f q u d s -

tjrêf.

C l s p r l a ` s l r ` s q u ` ` xd b` f q u ` s u s j c u m f l s s ` j f s ` r ` f l s y t r j f-

q u d c l s p j r j ` h u i j r c l s f l cl s ` s t j r ê f p r ` p j r j f h l p j r j c j v dh j . C l s q u `

` x d b ` f h ` ccjj s p ` r s l f j s i ` r i j f j s q u ` h ` g ` f h ` s ` r i l m p c d i j h j s , t í m d -

h j s l d f h d v d h u j c d s t j s p j r j d f v l c u i r j r c j s y j y u h j r c j s f l i l f t r ddoo u d r ê f j

su ir`idm d`ftl. @c
@c m u fh l `stê cc ` f l h` p `rs lf js i r í t di
di j s . Cj s

s l i d ` h j h ` s f ` i `s dt jf h ` p ` r s l f j s q u ` j m ` f .

^ r d m ` r l v d ` f ` ``cc j m l r , c u ` b l , c l s r ` s u c t j h l s ` s p l f t ê f ` l s . @ x d b d m l s

m u i k l p l r q u ` j m j m l s p l i l . G ` s ÷ s f l d m p d h d ù q u ` ^ ` h r l ccll f ` b j r j y

qu ` Guh js c l t r j d i ddll f j r j . I l f su d f tt`` c d b ` f i d j ` x t r j l r h d f j r d j p u h l

k j o ` r c l s p u ` s t l i l f t r j c j p j r ` h , p r ` s d l f j r c l s , i r d ttdd ij
i j r ccll s , j v ` r b l f -
zjrcls, p`rl fl cl kdzl. C`s hdl pc`fj cdo`rtjh pjrj qu` cl h`gjrjf.

G j m ê s `c j m l r a u ` t j f s u o c d m ` .

C j j o u f h j f i d j h ` j m l r t r j s a l r m j ` f p r íf i d p ` s j c l s j f ù f d m l s , j

c ls
l s p j u p ä r r d m l s y j ccll s d f h l i t l s . CCjj ` s i j s ` z h ` j m l r t l r f j m d s ` r -

j o c ` s j r ` yy`` s , j r ddii l s y j c l s ddf

f t ` c ` i t u j cc`` s . @ c j m l r i l m p r ` f h ` , p ` r -

h l f j , c d oo`` r ttjj , t l c ` r jj,, j f d m j , j c dd`` f t jj,, d f i ` f

ftt d v j , ` s p ` r j , i r ```` .

C ls
l s su
s u ` ú l s m u r d ` rl
rl f

F u ` s t r j d f t ` c d b ` f i d j ` s c ù b d i j y c d f`
f ` j c . @ cccc j f l s i l f h u i ` j ` x p c l r j r ``cc
m u f h l a ííss d i l , p ` r l ` s s d m p c d s t j p j r j p r l h u i d r s ` r ` s k u m j f l s q u ` ` x -

p c l r ``f
f s u m u f h l ` m l i d l f j c y s ` k j b j f c l s j u t l r ` s h ` s u p r l p dj k d s -

tl rdj . @ s t j m l s tj f p l i l p r ` p j r j h l s p j r j cj v dh j q u ` f l f l s h j m l s

i u ` f t j h ` i u ê f t l f l s ` f t l r p ` i ` ` c s d s t ` m j s l i ddjj c . F u ` s t r j j c m j h ` gù
gù

h ` s ` r u f j a u ` f t ` h ` t r j f q u ddcc d h j h y s ` v l c v ddùù u f f d h l h ` j f s d ` h j h ` s . ¼

H ù f h ` ` s t ê f ccjj s p ` r s l f j s i u y j s ` m l i d l f ` s s l f s ` r ` f j s , i l m l ``cc

r l ií
ií l h ` cj m j ú j f j <

F l s t r j s a l r m j m l s ` f m ê q u d f j s h ` t rj o j gj r y h ` s l c u id l f j r p r l o -

c ` m j s . Y d s l o r j t d ` m p l , i u d h j m l s h ` f u ` s t r j i j c d h j h h ` v dh
dh j . J c b u f l s

s l c l i j m o d j f h ` j iitt ddtt u h y o u s i j f u f s ` f t d h l f l o c ` p j r j s u v d h j i u j f -

h l s l f j t j i j h l s p l r ` f a ` r m ` h j h ` s b r j v ` s l i u j f h l p d` r h` f j c js p ` r-

s l f j s q u ` j m j f.

A ` c d z m ` f t ` f l v d v d m l s ` f u f i c d m j h ` b u ` r r j m u f h d j c . ^ ` rrll v d v ddm
mls

u f j b u ` rr j h ` f t r l h ` i j h j u f l h ` f l s l t r l s , u f j b u ` r rj h ` p ` f -

s j m d ` f t l s i j h j v ` z m ê s j i `c `r jh l s . F l ` s t j m l s ` f cl s t d ` m p l s h ` cj

`sicjvdtuh aísdij, p`rl mdc`s h` p`rslfjs slf `sicjvjs h` sus prlpdls

p`fsjmd`ftls.

C j s p ` r s l f j s m ê s r ` s p l f s j o c ` s b j s t j f ` f ` r b í j v ddtt jc
j c h ` c i ` r ` o r l i llf
f
p r ` l i u p j i d l f ` s y p r l o c ` m j s q u ` j ÷ f f l l iu r rd `r l f, l i l f k ` i k l s

p j s j h l s . Q dv
dv ` f a j t d b j h j s , j b d t j h j s , s df
d f i l f i ` f t r j i d ù f , l c vd
v d h j h dz
dz j s .

J o l m d f j f s u r u t d f j . @c ` s i ` f j r d l h ` s u s m ` f t ` s f l s ` i j c m j . Q d v ` f

p j r j p ` f s j r ` f c u b j r h ` p ` f s j r p j r j vvdd v d r . J s í , h ` s t r u y ` f ` c ` f i j f t l h `

c j vd h j .

G ` s ÷ s o u s i j o j s l c u i d l f j r i l f s t j f t ` m ` f t ` cj j f s d ` h j h h ` s u s h d s -

i í p u cl
c l s . I l f t ` m p c j o j c j s a cl
c l r ` s , cc`` b u s t j o j k j i ` r i j m d f j t j s p l r i j m -

pls y iduhjh`s y s` hjoj td`mp l pjrj i`fjr `f cj ijs j h` cls jmdbls.

@ rj
r j t j f s l i d j o c ` q u ` t ` f íj
í j v j c l r p j r j d f v dt
d t j r s`
s` j u f j i l m d h j ` f c j i j s j
h ` c js
js p ` r s l f j s q u ` f l i l f l i í j , i l m l W j q u ` l . C` b u s t j o j f j r r j r

k d s t l r ddjj s . C j b ` f t ` q u ` h j o j a j s i d f j h j i l f s u s p j r ê o l c j s .

^ j r j G ` s ÷ s , c j v d h j ` r j o ` c ccjj y s `f
` f i d c ccjj , p ` r l ä c i r ` í j q u ` f l s l t r l s c j

i l m p c d i j m l s h ` m j s d j h l . F l q u ` r íj q u ` s u a r d ä r j m l s i l f j f t` cj id ùf .

O u s i j o j h ` m l s t r j r q u ` ` c s d s t ` m j ` f q u ` v d v d m l s , d f i ccu
u y ` fh l s tj tu s ,

h d f ` r l , a j m j , j f s d ` h j h ` s , ` s s l c l u f g u ` b l ` f ``cc t d ` m p l . Z u ` r í j q u `

s u p d ä r j m l s q u ` c j v d h j ` s u f a ` f ù m ` f l d f h ` s i d a r j o c ` 5 q u ` h ` s h ` ``cc

p u f t l h ` v d s tj
t j i d `f
` f t ía
í a di
di l , f j h d ` ` s m j y l r q u ` f j h d ` . H d j r d j m ` f t ` ` f -

t r j m l s ` f c l s c j o ` r d f ttll s h ` c j m ` m l r d j y i l f s t r u d m l s i j h ` f j s h `

p ` f s j m d ` f t l s s d f s j o ` r h ù f h ` ` s t ê f j r i k d v j h l s c l s c jjh
h r d cc
c c ls
ls q u ` c ls

alrm jf. D f t ` c`
c` i t u j c` s ` d f h l i t l s , r d i llss y p j u p ä r r d m l s t jc
jc v ` s f l

p ` r i d o j f i u ê f s ` m ` g j f t ` s s l f ` f c j ` s ` f i d j h ` s u d f t ` ccdd b ``f
f i dj .

G ` s ÷ s t`fíj ` s j ilfid`fidj. @rj uf ` f j m l r j h l h`c s ` r k u m j f l .

Y l c j m ` f t ` ` s l ` x p cd
cdi j p l r q u ä s ` j r r d `s b ù j m l r dr p l r i j u s j h ` u f j

m ` r` tr dz . Y u j i t dt u h f l s h ` g j p ` r p c `g l s . Y l o r ` p j s j c l s s u ` ú l s h ` c ls

m ê s f l o c ` s k u m j f d s t j s . C j s a j c ccjj s i l m ` t d h j s p l r c j s p ` r s l f j s p l -

h r í jf
j f ` f t r d s t ` i ` r ccll , p ` r l j ääcc c l a j s i d f j o j ` c p ` q u ` ú l ` d f
faa df
d f ddtt l m u f h l

h ` f u ` s t r j p ` r s l f j c dh j h .
 P f j h ` c j s i l s j s q u ` m ê s h ` s ` l ` f s ` ú j r j m d s t r ` s k dg
d g js
js , y i r ` l q u `

cl ` st l y i l f s d b u d ` f h l , ` s q u ` , h ` t r ê s h ` i j h j s ` r k u m j f l k j y u f

m u f h l p l r h ` s i u o r ddrr s ` . I j h j s ` r k u m j f l , p l r m ê s h ` a ` i t l s q u ` t ` f -

bj, liuctj ufj rdij kdstlrdj, `sirdtj ilf cêbrdmjs, su`úls, pärhdhjs,

j c ` br í js , p jsdlf`s, h`s` fi jftl s. H ` s i u or d rc j `s ilml k j cccc jr

jr l rl .

X rd
r d st
s t ` ` s ` c i j s l h ` c l s p s d q u d j t r j s y m ä h d i l s i c í f ddii l s q u ` ttrr j t j f ` f a ` r -

m ` h j h ` s y f l j `f a ` r m l s , p l r q u ` h` f tr l h ` i j h j s ` r k u m j f l ` f -

a ` r m l k j y uf m u f h l a j si d fj f t` .

Jc
Jc i l f t r j r d l h ` f l s l t r l s , G ` s ÷ s s ` f t í j p c j i ` r ` f p ` f ` t r j r ` f `c m u f -
h l h ` c js p ` r s l f j s . K j o r í j s d h l h ` ` s p ` r j r q u ` s u m ` f t ` , p r ` l i u p j h j

i l f m d c cl f ` s h ` p r l o c ` m j s , a u ` rj d f i j p j z h ` h j r u f j j t `f i dù f ` s p ` -

i d jc
jc j i j h j u f l . K j s t j p u h l k j o ` r t ` f d h l m l t d v l s p j r j ` s l p u ` s s u

t d ` m p l ` r j p l i l . Y d f ` m o j r b l , y pj r j s l r p r ` s j f u ` s t rj , h ` t u v l j t l hj

u f j m u c t ddtt u h i u j f h l s ` t r j t ù h ` h j r j t ` f i d ù f ` s p ` i d j c j u f i d ` b l , j u f

m ` f h d b l l j c l s f d ú l s . J c i l f l i ` r c l , c l s q u ` v d ví
v í j f jjcc m j r b ` f h ` ccjj

s l i d ` h j h s ` s d f t d ` r l f i l m l p r ííf
f i ddpp ` ss..

G j m ê s c j v d h j v j c d ù t j f t l . C l s i l m p l r t j m d ` f t l s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` cj

Q d h j j f d m j r l f j c j s p ` r s l f j s j o u s i j r u f ` f i j f t l p j r j cj ` x ds t ` f i d j ,

` f `c
` c ê r d h l s u ` c l h ` s u s m d s ` r d j s p s í q u d i j s y s l i d j c ` s . Y u s j i t ddtt u h ` s

f l s k d iidd ` r l f i r ` ` r q u ` v j c ` c j p ` f j v d v ddrr c j v d h j , j p ` s j r h ` t l h j s f u ` s -

trjs cêbrdmjs y h`i`pidlf `s.

Y u j i td tu h i l f t j b d ù j c ls h ds i í p u c l s , q u d ` f ` s h ` g j rl f s u s o j r i l s , s u

auturl, sus `xp`itjtdvjs, sus iduhjh`s y sdbud`rlf j g`s÷s.

J p r ` f h d ` r l f i l f äc j `sird o dr , j i j h j m l m ` f t l , u f j i j r t j h ` j m l r .

^ `r
` r l,
l , 3 s ` r ê q u ` h ` s d s t dd`` r l f i u j f h l c c`
c` b j r l f c j s p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s y c l s

jrr`stls< d Jojfhlfjrlf `c
`c s u ` ú l h` su Mj`strl iujfhl s` `f-

a r ` f tj
t j r l f jc
jc i j l s < @ s s l r p r ` f h ` f t ` , p ` r l , ¡ F l ! C l s h d s i í p u c l s j m j r l f
t j f t l j G ` s ÷ s , q u ` s d b u d ` r l f ` s i r d o d ` f h l c j iijj r t j h ` j m l r k j s t j q u `

i ` r r j r l f c llss l g l s p j r j ` s t j v d h jj..

@ccls murd`rlf plr ijusj h` sus su`úls. @c su`úl h` plf`r cj ltrj

m ` gd
g d cc
c c j,
j , `c
` c s u ` ú l h ` c j a ` c ddii d h
hjj h d f j b l t j o c ` , ` c s u ` ú l h ` c j m l r q u ` c j f -

z j a u ` r j t l h l m d ` h l , ``cc s u ` ú l h ` c j d f m l r t j ccdd h j h , ` c s u ` ú l h ` q u ` c j

vdh j ` s uf ` s p ` i t ê i u c l dm p ` r h do c` . G j m ê s m l m ` f t l s tj f j f b u s t d j f t ` s

m l s t r j r l f t j f t j p l ` sí j .

Q ` j m l s q u ä f l s i u ` f t j f j c b u f l s k d s t l r d j h l r ` s * j i ` r i j h ` c l s ÷ctd-

m l s m l m ` f t l s h ` c l s h d ssii í p u ccll s .
C l s h j t l s k d st ù r di l s k j f s d h l l r b j f d z j h l s ` df t ` rp r ` tj h l s .

* ^ j u c J c c j r h , K d s t l d r ` h ` s ^ ` r s ` i u t l f s U K ds
d s t l r ddjj h ` c j s p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s ]

( ^ jr ds , : 4 > 9  : 4 > ; ) .

K ` f r y O ` t t ` f s l f , Hlium`ftls h` cj Dbc`sdj Irdstdjfj (C lf h r ` s7 Lxalr h

P f d v ` r sd
sd t y ^ r ` s s , : 4 1 2 ) .

H j f d ` c  _ l p s , J d b r ` g j h l s J p ù s t l c l s ` h l s M ê r t dr ` s U C j d b c ` s d j h ` c l s

j p ù s t l c ` s y h ` c l s m ê r td r `s ] ( Y j l ^ j u c l 7 Z u j h r j f t ` , : 4 ; ; ) .

G l k f A l x ` , @ c cdo r l h` cl s mê r tdr `s ( i c d ` , ? > > ; ) .

O . G . E d h h , H l i u m ` f t s D cc
cc u
uss tr jtt ddvv ` l a t k ` K d sstt l r y l a t k ` I k u r i k U H l i u -
tr j

m`ftls dcustrjtdvls h` cj kdstlrdj h` cj dbc`sdj] (Clfhlf, :4?>), pp.

:9:9.

G . J . Y t ` v ` f s l f , J F ` w @ u s ` o du s , H l i u m ` f t s ¡ccu s t r j t dv ` l a t k ` K ds tl r y l a

tk` Ikurik UH li um `f tl s d c u s t r jjtt d v l s h ` cj k ddss t l r d j h ` cj ddbb c`

c ` sd
s d j]
j]

( C l f h l f , : 4 0 2 ) , p p . : 99 9 2.
2.

M j r i ` c Q d c c ` r , C j Y p d r d t u j c d t ä h ` s ^ r ` m d ` rs
r s Y d ä i c ` s I k r ä t dd`` f s U C j ` s p d r d -

t u j c d h j h h ` c l s i r d s t d j f l s h ` c p r d m ` r s ddbb c ll]] ( ^ j rrdd s , : 4 9 > ) .

 | J^ ÄF H DI@

@ C A DF H@ CLY HDYI Í^P CL Y7

CL Y Y P @ Ú L Y Z P @ F P F I J M P _ D@ _ L F

G j i l o l , X l m ê s y O j r t l c l m ä 7 c j s c ê b r d m j s q u ` f u f i j o l r r j r l f cl s s u ` ú l s
G j i l o l , ` c k ` r m j f l h ` G u j f , a u ` `c p r d m ` r l h ` c l s h l i ` ` f s ` r g u z b j h l

y i l f h ` f j h l p l r s ` b u d r y j m j r jc v ` f h ` h l r h ` s u ` ú l s . K j o í j s d h l uf

g l v ` f d f h ` p ` f h d ` f t ` y j m o d i d l s l 5 j k l r j , s u j m o d i d ù f ` r j p l h ` r jcdvdjr

` c h l c l r h ` c js
j s p ` r s l f j s , y j y u h j r c j s j ` f i l f t r j r ccjj m ê s ` x i ` cc`` f t `

au`ft` h` jmlr.

Gj i l o l s ` ilfv`rtdríj `f uf k l m o r ` ` stjo c` , m u y hda`r`ft` h`c glv`f

a r êb
ê b dc
dc ` d f s ` b u r l h ` c l s t d ` m p l s ` f q u ` h ` g ù c l s o j r i l s h ` s u p j h r ` . @
@cc

a d fj
fj c h ` s u v d h j t d ` f ` ` v ` f t l s s l r p r ` f h ` f t ` s . @
@cc r ` s p l f s j o c ` h ` i l f -

h u i dr c l jc o j f i l h ` c l s r ` l s , v d` f h l q u ` cl i l f h ` f j r í j f , q u ` h ù m u y
p ` r t u r o j h l . H ` j i u ` r h l i l f ` c k d s t l r d j h l r I c ` m ` f t ` , s ` s d f ttdd ù t j f

i l f m l v d h l q u ` , i j m d f l j c j ` g ` i u i d ù f , j h m d t ddùù , p j r j s l r p r ` s j h ` t l -

h l s , q u ` ä c t j m o d ä f ` r j i r ds
ds t dj f l .

@ s p r l o j o c ` q u ` , p l r p r d m ` r j v ` z , u f v ` r h u b l k j y j j o r j z j h l j uf
uf

r ` l y h ` i d h d h l m l r d r i l f ä c . H u r j f t ` ``cc t rrjj y ` i t l , p d h d ù j G j i l o l q u ` c l

p ` r h l f j r j . @ st
s t `,
`, q u ` k j o í j j p r ` f h d h l j p ` r h l f j r s ` v l cv dù j s u j i u -

s j h l r y ` f u f j j i ttdd ttu
u h s u o c d m ` , c l o ` s ù , c l c c j m ù m d k ` r m j f l y c`
c`

h ` s ` ù c j p j z.
z.

C l s h l s a u ` r l f h ` i j p d t j h l s . @ rrjj ``cc j ú l 9 1 h . I . G j i l o l a u ` `c
`c p r dm ` r

h d s i í p u c l h ` G ` s ÷ s ` f h ` s p ` h d r s ` h ` c j v d h j i l f u f j s ` r ` f d h j h i r ddss t j cd
cd -

fj.

Xlmês `rj h`silfadjhl ` dfs`burl. Ir`íj slcjm`ft` `f sus dfstdf-

t l s , ` f c l q u ` p l h í j v`
v ` r.
r . ^ ` r l c jjss s ` m d c c j s q u ` G ` s ÷ s p c j f t ù iirr ` i d ` r l f

` f ä c.
c . C l i l f t r l c ù ``cc j m l r h ` c M j ` s t r l , j m l r q u ` h d v u c b ù ` f t d ` r r j s c `-
`-

gj f j s . J tr j v äs h ` s u s p jcjo r js, cl s s u ` ú l s h ` G ` s ÷ s cc`bjrlf j m ` h l s ,

p j r t l s,
s , p ` r s j s y l t r l s . J u f q u ` v d vvíí j f ` f u f r ` ddf
f l k u m j f l d f gu s t l `f

` c q u ` c j m j y l r í j m l r í j ` f c j m d s ` r d j y p l i l s t ` f í j f b r j f h ` s p r d vd
vd -

c ` bd
b d l s , m u i k l s ` f t r j r l f ` f ``cc _ ` d f l h ` H d llss .
 @ c aadd f h ` X l m ê s a u ` i l f m l v ` h l r . ^ j h ` i d ù ` f u f j i d u h j h h ` c j D f h
hdd j.
j.

P f j a c ` i k j cc`` q u d t ù c j v ddh
hj. M d`ft rjs cj vdhj s ` c` `siu rríj p lr cj k`rd-

h j , äc m j f t u v l v d v j cj ` s p ` r j f z j . H ` o ` k j o ` r r ` i l r h j h l s u s t d ` m p l s

h ` d f s ` b u r d h j h , i u j f h l ` s t j o j h d s p u ` s t l j i r ` ` r s l c l s d v ` í j ``f
f cjs

m j f l s h ` G ` s ÷ s cjs m j r i j s h ` c l s i c j vl s ( G u j f ? > . ? 0) . J k l r j ` s tj o j

k ` r dh
d h l , p ` r l ` c h l c l r y c j s j f b r ` q u ` s ` ` s i u r r í j f p l r ccjj k ` r d h j f l h ` -

struy`rlf su s su `ú ls . Ä
Äcc s l ú j o j i l f c j ` t ` r f d h j h .

H d i `f q u ` O j r t l c l m ä , u f h d s i í p u cl j q u d ` f s l c l s ` c l f l m o r j ` f c l s

` v j f b ` c d l s , au ` b r j f h ` ` f ` c j f l f d m j t l . J f u f i d ù c js s u o c d m ` s p j c-
j o r j s h ``cc M j ` s t r l h ` c l s M j ` s t r l s j c llss k d f h ÷ ` s . X r j h u g l ``cc ` v j f b ` c d l

h ` M j t ` l p j r j ` c d h d l m j h ` ` c c llss , p u ` s q u ` r í j q u ` t l h l s a u ` r j f i l f t j -

b d j h l s i l f c j ggu
u s t d i d j h ` H d l s y i l f ` c j m l r y c j d f t ` c db
db ` f id j h ` G ` s u -

irdstl.

Y u l s j h í j c ` i l s t ù i j r l. K l m o r ` s p ` r v ` r s l s q u ` f u f i j ` ft ` fh d` r lf

` c v j c l r h ` c j v d h j c l j o j t d ` r l f j b l c p ` s y h ` s p u ä s c l i r u i d a d i j r l f ` f cj

b r j f i d u h j h h ` J r m ` f d j . I l m l s d f l o j s t j r j ` s ` h l c l r k l r r d oc
o c `,
` , ccll

h ` i j p d t j r l f . C j o r u t j c d h j h h ` s u m u ` r t ` i l f t r j s t j i l f ``cc p ` r a u m ` h `

s ` f s d o d c dh
d h j h q u ` o r l t j o j h ` s u d f tt`` rd
r d l rr.. J u f q u ` O j r t l c l m ä i ` r r ù c llss

l g l s p j r j s d ` m p r ` , s u s s u ` ú l s s d b u d ` r l f v ddvv l s .

A ` c dp
dp ` y J f h r ä s 7 u f v j c l r d m p ` r t u r o j o c `

A ` cd
c d pp`` , a d f l y l s j h l , a u ` h d v u c b j f h l c j p j c j o r j h ` s u M j ` s t r l p l r

i d u h j h ` s y p u ` o c l s . K j o í j u f j c c j m j d f i l f t r l c j o c`
c ` q u ` a cu
c u íj
íj h ` c l

íf t d m l h ` s u s`r . C l s s u ` ú l s h ` G ` s ÷ s ` s t j o j f c ` g l s h ` m j t ` r d j c d z j r s `

a u ` r j h ` ä c , p ` r l s ` k d i d ` r l f r ` j c ` s ` f s u s ` r . ^ j r j A ` c ddpp ` , v j c í j c j p ` f j

vd
vdvdr , j u f ` f m ` h d l h ` c j s p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s m ê s d f t ` f s j s . J y u h j r j c l s

h ` m ê s y b u d j r cl s p j r j q u ` ` f i l f t r j r j f `c s `f t d h l h ` cj vd hj ` r j m ê s
d m p l r t j f t ` q u ` t l h l ` c h d f ` r l h ` c m u f h l . X r j o j g ù m u i k l ` f t r ` c jjss

fjidlf`s oêrojrjs.

Y` b÷ f c j t r j h d i dù
d ù f , a u ` i r u i d a d i j h l ` f K d ` r ê p l c d s , A rrdd bbdd j,
j, ` f J s d j

M ` f l r y cu ` b l r ` m j t j h l j p ` h rj h js .

A ` c dp
d p ` u s j o j c j ` f ` r b í j h ` i j h j i ä ccu
ucj h` su i u` rp l pjrj kjocjr h`

j c b u d ` f q u ` r ` v l c u i d l f ù s u v ddh
h j . H ` s p u ä s q u ` s ` v l ccvv d ù u f s ` b u d h l r

h ` G ` s ÷ s , j p r ` f h d ù q u ` ` f ` c m ` r i j h l h ` c j v d h j ``cc d f h d v d h u j c d ssm
m l y `c
`c

` b l í s m l s d ` m p r ` a u ` r l f u f j r t íi
í i u ccll i l m ÷ f y o jr
j r j t l . @c j m l r , j c i l f -

t r j r dl
d l , s d ` m p r ` a u ` y s d b u ` s d ` f h l u f j r ttíí iu
iu c l p r ` i d l s l p j r j k l m o r ` s
`sp`idjc`s.

J f h r ä s , k ` r m j f l h ` ^ ` h r l , t j m o d ä f t u v l uf adfjc t r ê b d i l . ^ l r l r h ` f

h `c
` c b l o ` r f j h l r @ b ` j s m u r d ù i r u i d a d i j h l ` f ccjj i d u h j h h ` ^ j t r j s h `

J i j y j , B r ` i d j , ` f `c j ú l 1 l h . I . k j o d ` f h l p r ` h d i j h l , s ` b ÷ f cj t r j h d -

i d ù f , ` f ` c ^ l f t l , O d ttdd fd
f d j,
j , @ s i d ttdd j y X r ji
j i d jj.. Y ` b ÷ f O ` r f j r h l y I d p r d j f l

c j i l f a ` s d ù f y ` c m j r t dr
dr d l h ` J f h r ä s f l p l h r í j f k j o ` r s d h l m ê s l s j -

hls.

J f h r ä s, i l m l G ` s ÷ s , f l i l f t r l cj o j j cjs p ` r s l f j s , s l c j m ` f t ` cj s df-

vdtjoj j jhk`rdrs` j su su`úl. Z u d`f`s ji`ptjrlf cj dfvdtjidùf

j p r ` f h d ` r l f j j m j r j r h d ` f t ` m ` f t ` j c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j . ^ j r j ccll s

`bdpidls, qu` fl cl ilfliíjf, G`s÷s fl `rj mês qu` uf guhíl. Fjhj

m ê s j o s u r h l p j r j ` cc
c c l s q u ` j m j r y s ` b u d r j u f ggu
u h íl
íl .

@c b l o ` r f j h l r @ b ` j s s ` ` f a u r ` i d ù p l r ` c m l v d m d ` f t l q u ` s ` p r l h u g l

` f t l r f l h ` J f h r ä s . H ` i d h d ù , p l r t j f t l , ` c d m d f j r j c l s i r ddss t d j f l s , c j

s`it j qu ` `c Dmp`rdl _ lm jf l m jf hjr j j j ooll cd

cd r . J s í , i l f p c `f l

i l f s ` f t d m d ` f t l h `c Y ` f j h l , gu z b ù h d b f l m j t j r j c l s s ` b u d h l r ` s h`

G ` s ÷ s y l ar`i`r sjirdadidls j s u s h d l s ` s. J f h r äs plhríj k j o ` r s ` prl t`-

bdh l y r ` t r l i ` hd h l , p`rl p r ` a dr
dr dù s`r ilf h` fj hl j i j cccc jr
jr ilfstd-
t u y ä f h l s ` ` f t l f i ` s ` f h ` a ` f s l r h ` c l s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` c M j ` s t r l h ` ccjj

Qdhj.

@ f a r ` f t j f h l j @ b ` j s ` f ` c g u d i d l jjcc q u ` a u ` s l m ` t d h l , J f h r ä s c ` h ddgg l

q u ` c` i l f v ` f í j j q u d `f q u d s d ` rj s ` r g u ` z h ` k l m o r ` s i l f l i ` r p r dm ` r l

j c G u ` z q u ` k j o d t j ` f c l s i d ` c l s y, h ` s p u ä s h ` ` s l , j h l r j r c l . @
@cc b l o ` r -

f j hl
h l r , h l m d f j h l p l r ` c l h d l , i l f s d h ` r ù s u j i t d tu
t u h u f j d f s l cc`` f i d j .

M jf hù j j m j r r j r c l y i r u i ddaa di
di jr cl d f m ` h d j t j m ` f t ` . Zu `ríj qu` cj

m u ` r t ` h ` J f h r ä s s d r v d`
d ` r j h ` ` g ` m p c l p j r j q u ` f j h d ` m ê s s ` k di
d i d`
d ` rrjj

i r ds
d s t ddjj f l . ^ ` r l ``cc m j y l r a j v l r q u ` s ` p u ` h ` k j i ` r j u f j s ` m d c cj
cj ` s
s`puctjrcj.

K j o r í j s d h l h ` ` s p ` r j r q u ` J f h r ä s s ` d f t d m d h j r j j f t ` ccjj m u ` r tt`` ,

a u ` r j h l m d f j h l p l r ``cc m d ` h l ` d f v j h d h l p l r u f j h ` s i l f t r l c j h j j f -

s d ` h j h . Ä c , i l m l c llss l t r l s h d s i í p u c l s , k j o í j s d h l h l m d f j h l p l r ` c

m d ` h l i u j f h l G ` s ÷ s , j ú l s j f t ` s , a u ` j r r ` s t j h l ` f ` c g j r h ííf
f h` cj

t r j di
d i d ù f . K u y ù i l m l l v ` g j h ` c j f t ` h ` c l s c l o l s . @c t d ` m p l p j s ù , y

j k l r j ` r j u f k l m o r ` m j h u r l y vvjj cd
c d `f
`f t` . C j s s ` m d cc j s y c l s s u ` ú l s q u `

` c M j ` s t r l h ` ccll s M j ` s t r l s p c j f t j r j ` f ` c s u ` c l h ` s u p ` r s l f j c d h j h

i r ` i d ` r l f . ^ l r ` s l , s u s r ` j i i d l f ` s h ` c j f t ` h ` c a df
df h ` c j v d h j a u ` r l f j h -

m d r j o c ` s . _ ` c j t l s h ` k d s t l r d j h l r ` s r ` v ` c j f q u ` fd s d q u d ` r j i j m o d ù s u

s`mocjft`.

O j s t j o j q u ` f ` b j r j t l h l j q u ` c c l ` f c l q u ` i r ` í j p j r j s j c dr
d r ccdd o rr`` . ^ ``rr l

ä c , h ` m l s t r j f h l u f j i l f v d i i ddùù f d f i l f m l v d o c ` , ` x i c j m ù 7 « ¡ L k i ru z,

` x t r ` m j h j m ` f t ` o d ` f v ` f dh j y t j f cj r b j m ` f t ` ` s p ` r j h j ! µ . Cj m u ` r t `

` r j u f j v ` f t j f j j c j ` t ` r f d h j h . T J f h r ä s f l s ` h l o c ` b ù j f t ` ` cc
ccj.

H ` m l s t r j f h l u f j a u ` r t ` ` s t r u i ttu
urj `mlidlfjc, ilm pc`tù su p`f-

s j m d ` f t l h d i d ` f h l q u ` ` r j u f h d s i í p u c l h ` j q u ` c q u ` j o r j z j r j cj i r u z

y, q u ` k j i í j m u i k l ä c t j m o d ä f h ` s ` j o j j o r j z j r c j . J c s ` r i r u i d a d i j h l ,
` x p r ` s ù q u ` k j o í j v j ccdd h l ccjj p ` f j h ` g j r `c
`c m j r h ` B j c d c ` j y v l c v ` r s `

p`sijhlr h` klmor`s.

M j r i l s y M j t ` l 7 h l s ` v j f b ` c d s t j s q u ` s` h ` s p d h d ` r l f

h` cj vdhj ilf hdbf dhjh

M j r i l s , ` c ` v j f b ` c ddss t j , h d v u c b ù s l c ` m f ` m ` f t ` ``cc m ` f s j g ` h ` c M j ` -

strl h` cj Qdhj `f @bdptl. @f cls pj pdrl s `sirdodù cls h`tjcc`s h` cj vd-

h j h ` G ` s ÷ s , y `f
` f c l s i l r j z l f ` s i c j v ù s u s p j c j o r j s . M u i k l s , o j g l `c

i j c l r h ` s u s m ` f s j g ` s r ` i l o r j r l f ` c ê f d m l p l r vdvd r . H ` s i u o r d ` r l f
q u ` `c
` c k l m o r ` G ` s ÷ s , q u ` i r ` i d ` r j ` f B j c d c ` j , ``rr j u f m ä h d i l h ``cc j c m j

q u ` i l m p r ` f h í j c j s k ` r d h j s h ` c l s j o j t dh l s y cj j f b u s t d j h ` c l s h ` s ` s -

p`rjhls.

J cb u f l s cíh`r`s h ` @bdptl fl `f t`fh d`rl f cls h `cdij h l s m ` f sj g` s

h` M j r i l s . I l c m j h l s h ` l h d l , ccll j m j r r j r l f y cl
c l j r r j s t r j r l f j ccjj

k l b u ` r j . @c h d s i í p u c l m u r d ù d f g u s t j m ` f t ` , m u r d ù p l r q u ` d f s p d r j o j j

cl s s ` r` s k u m j f l s j s l ú j r il f ` c j m l r. C l q u ` m j r l f v dv l y h ` s p u ä s

h ` m u ` r t l cl
cl s ` p u c t j r l f ` f u f c u b j r c c j m j h l « O÷i lcus µ . Cjs ccjmjs

c ` p r l v l i j r l f u f s u a r d m d ` f t l d f h ``ss i r ddpp t d o c ` , t r j s a l r m j f h l ` f i ` f d z j s

s u a r ê b ddcc i u ` r p l . ^ ` r l f d f b u f j k l b u ` r j p l h r í j k j o ` r j f d q u d c j h l c j s cc
ccj-

m j s h ` s u s s u `ú l s .

M j r i l s s u a r d ù m u i k l j c h ` s p ` h d r s ` h ` ccjj v d h j , p ` r l m d ` f t r j s v d v ddùù

a u ` u f k l m o r ` i l m p c ` t l y r ` j c ddzz j h l . C l q u ` ääcc ` s i r d o d ù , ` f i ` f h d ù ``cc

i l r j z ù f h ` m d cc l f ` s h ` s ` r ` s k u m j f l s ` f t l h j s cjs b ` f ` r j id l f ` s.

K j s t j k l y s u s ` c l i u ` f t ` s ` s i r ddtt l s q u ` m j f i l m l o r j s j s v d v j s ` f ``cc

` s p í r dt
d t u y ``f
f ``cc j c m j h ` c j s p ` r s l f j s , j f d m ê f h l c j s j f l h ` s d s t d r h ` ccjj

v d h j , j ` f i l f t r j r ` s p ` r j f z j ` f `c hl clr.

M j t ` l , ``cc ` v j f b ` c d s t j , ``cc p r d m ` r p u o c d i j f l t r j s a l r m j h l ` f j p ù s t l c ,
`sirdodù ufl h` cls `vjfb`cdls. Cj irítdij cdt`rjrdj r`ilflidù `f `ccls

ufj brjfh`zj dft`c`itujc y ufj `cliu`fidj ajsidfjft`s. G`s÷s yj kjoíj

p j r t d h l k j i ííjj m ê s h ` v ` d f t ` j ú l s , p`rl sus p j c j o r j s y p jr ê o l c js

q u ` h j r l f b r j o j h j s ` f ccjj m ` m l r d j h ` M j t ` l . @ s i r d o ddùù s u ` v j f b ` c d l ``f

f

k`or`l.

M j t ` l s j ccdd ù h ` G ` r u s j c ä f p l r i j u s j h ` c j s p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s . A u ` j

@tdlpdj y j @bdptl y ilftjbdù j cls pu`ocls h` `sjs fjidlf`s ilf cls

s u ` ú l s h ` s u M j ` s t r l . _ ` i d o d ù p l r ` s l u f j r ` ttrr d o u i ddùù f i r u ` c . K d r 

i j f l , ` c rr`` y , m j f h ù t r j s p j s j r c l i l f u f j c j f z j . C j k ` r d h j p r l v l i j h j
` x t d f b u ddùù s u v d h j , p ` r l f l s u j m l r p l r G ` s ÷ s . Ä c ` ssii r d o d ù ` f s u ` v j f -

b ` cd
cd l 7 « O d ` f j v ` f t u r j h l s c l s m j f s l s p l r q u ` k ` r ` h j r ê f c j t d ` r rrjj µ

I l f t r j r d j f h l c j k ddss t llrr d jj,, q u ` s d ` m p r ` a u ` h l m d f j h j p l r c j v d l cc`` f i ddjj ,

M j t ` l j p r ` f h d ù i l f ` c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j q u ` c j t d`
d` r r j s ` i l f q u d s t j

i l f m j f s ` h u m o r ` , i l f p j i d` f i dj , i l f s ` f s d o dc dh j h . ^ l r ` s l , p ` r h l f ù

j s u s ` f ` m d b l s , a u ` t l c ` rrjj f t ` i l f c l s v ` r h u b l s y p j i d ` f t ` i l f c l s

f ` i d l s . M j t ` l i ` r r ù ccll s l g l s s l ú j f h l i l f k ` r ` h j r u f j f u ` v j t dd`` rrrr j

h ù f h ` k j o d t j ccjj g u s ttdd i ddjj , h ù f h ` f l k j y h llcc lr

lr , l h d l f d c ê b r d m j s .

G u j f 7 ` c j m l r i l m l a u ` f t ` d f j b l t j o c ` h ` r ` gu v ` f ` i dm d` f t l

Gu j f , i l m l m u i k l s l t r l s , a u ` p ` r s ` b u d h l m u i k j s v ` i ` s h u r j f t ` su

v dh j. @f cl s t d ` m p l s h ` F ` r ù f , cl s d f l a ` f s d v l s i r d s t d j f l s ` r j f t l r t u -

rjhls s df
df pd`hjh. Mug`r`s, k lm or `s y kjstj f dúls s d r v dd`` r l f h `

j c d m ` f t l p j r j c js
j s o ` s t d j s , y h ` h d v ` r s d ù f p j r j s j i d j r ccjj ` m l i d ù f d f s j f j

y ` f a ` r m d z j h ` cl s c í h ` r ` s g u h í l s . Q ` s p j s d j f l , `c i l f s t r u i t l r h ` c I l c -

d s`
s ` l , s u i ` h d ù j F ` r ù f . O j g l s u r ` d f j h l , c l s i r d s t d j f l s ttu
uvd`rlf jcb÷f

h ` s i j f s l . X d tl
t l , s u k d gl
gl , r `d f ù p l r p l i l t d ` m p l . @ f s ` b u d h j , H l m d 

i d j f l , s u k ` r m j f l , s u o d ù j c t r llf
fl.
 @ f ` c p r d f i dp
dp d l , Hl m didjfl jituù h` alrm j m lh `rjh j. ^ l s t ` r dd--

l r m ` f t ` s ` ` f v j f ` i d ù h ` ttjj c a l r m j i l f ` c p l h ` r q u ` i ` r r ù c jjss v ` f -

t j f j s h ` c j m ` m l r d j y l o s t r u y ù c j i j p j i d h j h h ` p ` f s j r i l f c u i dh
d h ``zz .

H ` s ` j o j s ` r j h l r j h l i l m l u f h dl s . Y u l o s ` s d ù f ` rj t j f tj q u ` m j f h ù

i l f s t r u d r d m ê b ` f ` s h ` l r l y p c j t j ` f ``cc I j p d ttll c d l r l m j f l .

G ` s ÷ s , `c K d g l h ` H d l s , a u ` t j f p l i l d f t ` r ` s j h l ` f `c p l h ` r q u ` s`

p l s t r ù j f t ` s u s h d s i í p u c l s y cc`` s c j v ù c l s p d ` s . H l m d i d j f l , p l r s u

p j rt
rt `, u f s d m p c ` m l r t j c , q u ` r í j q u ` c l s k l m o r ` s s ` p l s t r j r j f j f t ` äc.

¡ Z u ä i l f t r j s t ` ! Y l c j m ` f t ` c jjss p ` r s l f j s p ` q u ` ú j s j f k ` c j f s ` r m ê s
b r j f h ` s q u ` c j s h ` m ê s . Y l c j m ` f t ` c jjss p ` r s l f j s d f s ` b u r j s h ` s u p r l -

p d l v j c l r i l f t r l c j f j c j s l t r j s , y q u d ` r ` f q u ` ` c c jjss b r j v ddtt ` f ` f t l r f l h `

su ùrodtj.

Cls häodc`s ilftrlcjf, cls au`rt`s cdo`rtjf. G`s÷s fufij h`sp`r-

slf jcdzù j sus s`bu dhlr `s. @ f c u b j r h ` ` s l , s d ` m p r ` a lr

l r t j c ` i ddùù ccjj

i j p j i d h j h h ` ` cccc l s . Y ` b u d r c l ` r j u f j d f v ddtt j i d ùf
ù f p j r j s ` r c ddoo r ``ss ` f cj
cj

÷ f di
di j ê r` j h ù f h ` g j m ê s h ` o ` r í j m l s s ` r ` s i c j v l s 7 h` f t r l h ` f l s l t r l s

m d s m l s . D f a ` ccdd z m ` f t ` , ` f c l s h í j s j i t u j c ` s c j s p ` r s l f j s f l s l f t j f ccdd -

o r ` s i l m l ` f l t r j s b ` f ` r j i d l f ` s , p l r q u ` v ddvv ` f ` f i j r i ` c j h j s h ` f t r l

h ` sí m d s m j s p l r p ` f s j m d ` f t l s f ` b jt dv l s , p r ` l i u p j i d l f ` s , m d ` h l

h `c
`c m j ú j f j .

H l m d i d j f l f l p l h í j j h m d t dr q u ` `f s u d m p ` r d l u f g u h í l au ` rj m ê s

j h m d r j h l q u ` ä c . ^ l r ` s l p ` r s d b u d ù d m p c j i j o c ` m ` f t ` j c l s i r d s t dj
dj f l s.

J G u j f cl h ` s t ` r r ù j cj dscj h ` ^ j t m l s . F l r ` s p ` t ù s u ` h j h j v j f z j h j .

G u j f ` r j , p l r ` s ` ` f t l f i ` s , u f j f i d j f l q u ` s l c l d f a c j m j o j ` f cls

h ` m ê s ` c a u ` b l h ` c j m l r p l r c j v dh
dh j . M ê s t j r h `, c l s r l m j f l s f l

s l p l r t j r l f ` c y u b l h ` c ` m p ` r j h l r q u ` q u ` r í j s ` r d f m l r t j c y ccll j s -

` s d f j r l f . G u j f r ` i l o r ù s u c ddoo ` r t jjh
h `f `c jú l 42 h.I. Y` rjhdiù `f -
t l f i ` s ` f Ä a ` s l h l f h ` p ` r m j f ` i d ù k j s t j ``cc r ` d f j h l h ` c ` m p ` r j h l r

Xrjgjfl.

J p ` s j r h ` s u s j ú l s, Gu jf i l f s ` r v j o j p c` f j m ` f t` s u m ltdvjidùf.

@ s i r do d ù i j r t j s v d o r j f t ` s . ^ j r j ä c,
c, t l h l s c l s q u ` s`bu íjf j G`s÷s,

gùv`f`s l jf idjfls, `rjf trjtjhls ilm l kdgdtls. Cls jmù dft`f-

sjm`ft`.

@ c j m l r c l t r j s a l r m ù ` f u f k l m o r ` c ddoo r ` , d f i c u s l i u j f h l ` s t j o j

` f i j r i ` c j h l . @ f c j j i t u j c ddh
hjh, m u ik l s slf c do
d o rr`` ss,, p ` r l v d v ` f j p r d -

s d l f j h l s ` f ` c t `r
` r r ddtt l r d l h ` ccjj ` m l i d ù f . M u i k l s t ` f d ` f h l m l t d v l s
p j r j s l f r ` í r s l f d f a ` ccdd i ``ss p l r q u ` f l ` f i u ` f t r j f u f j r j z ù f s ù c d h j p j r j

vd
vd vdr . G u j f t u v l t l h l s c l s m l t d v l s p j r j s ` r u f h ` p r d m d h l y p r ` s j h ` cj

j f s d ` h j h , p ` r l ``cc j m l r r l m p d ù c llss b r ddcc cl

c l s h ``cc m d ` h l y h ` c j j f b u s t d j `

k d z l h ` s u v d h j u f j b r j f j v ` f ttu
urj. Zud`f fl jm j, `fv `g`i` pr`ilz-

m ` f t ` ` f ` c i u ` r p l y ` f c j ` m l i d ù f . Y ` v u ` ccvv ` d f s j t d s a ` i k l , u f ` s p ` -

idjcdstj `f murmurjr.

M ê s h ` s ` s ` f t j j ú l s k j o ííjj f p j s j h l h ` s h ` c j m u ` r t ` h ` G ` s u i r ddss t l .

@rj td`mpl suadid`ft` pjrj qu` s` kuod`rjf olrrjhl cj m`mlrdj y `c

` f t u s d j s m l h ` G u j f . ^ ` r l ``cc j m l r q u ` s ` f t í j p l r ``cc M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j

`rj ufj au`ft` mdst`rdlsj h` r`guv`f`idmd`ftl. ^`s` j kjo`r pjsjhl

p l r s l c ` h j h ` s y p ` r s ` i u i d l f ` s , s u v d h j s ` t r j s a l r m ù ` f u f g j r h ííf
f h`

su`úls.

^`hrl

^ ` h r l j p r ` f h d ù j v j c l r j r m ê s j c l s h ` m ê s q u ` j s í m d s m l . @ rrrr ù m u -

i k l , p ` r l j m ù m ê s . C j t l c ` r j f i ddjj d r r ddbb j oj
oj s u j c m j . ^ r ` s ` f i d ù j c b u f j s

h d s ` f s d l f ` s ` f t r ` c l s h ds i í p u c l s p ` r l j p r ` f h d ù j j i tu j r i l f j m j o d c -

d h j h ` d f tt`` c db
d b ` f i d jj.. C j s i l f a r l f t j i d l f ` s ` f t r ` c l s h d s i í p u c l s r ` c j t j h j s
` f ` c c ddoo r l h ` K ` i k l s y ` f c js
js i j r t j s j c l s i l r d f t d l s y j c l s b ê c j t j s

td`f`f brjf sdbfdadijhl pjrj cj dfv`stdbjidùf psdilcùbdij plrqu` dfhd-

ijf qu` `ccls `rjf flrmjc`s y fl slor`fjturjc`s, qu` jpr`fhd`rlf j

h d j c l b j r y j s u p ` r j r i l f s j o d h u r í j s u s h d a di
d i u cctt j h
h`` s .

@ f cj
c j i j r t j j c l s b ê c j t j s , ^ j o c l i l m ` f t j q u ` ääcc y ^ ` h r l t u v d ` r l f u f

h ` s ` f t ` f h d m d ` f t l . ^ `r l c l s h l s s ` j m j o j f . J p r ` f h d ` r l f i l f G ` s ÷ s

q u ` cj b r j f h d l s d h j h h ` u f s ` r k u m j f l ` s t ê ` f s u i j p j i d h j h h ` k j i -

` r s ` p ` q u ` ú l , h ` ` s i u i k j r sdf t ` m l r f
fdd p r ` i l f i ` p t l s c l q u ` ccll s

h ` m ê s t d ` f` f q u ` h ` i d rf l s .
Jc
Jc ad f jc h ` s u v d h j , ^ ` h r l m l s t r ù ` f u f j h ` s u s i j r t j s u f j a ` i t l

d m p r ` s d l f j f t ` p jr j i l f ^ jo cl , i l f cl q u ` q u ` h ù h ` m l s t r j h l q u ` f l

kjoíj r`s`ftdmd`ftls `ftr` `ccls. Äc cl trjtjoj h` jmjhl k`rmjfl

^ j oc l , h ` m l s t r j f h l u f j k j o d cd h jh p j r j s u p ` r j r h dv ` r b ` f i d j s , j c b l

r jr
j r l ` f c l s h í j s j i t u j c ` s . F j h j ` s t jf
jf i j r d ú l s l y t d ` r f l i l m l ` s j

`xpr`sdùf.

^ ` h r l s j c d ù h ` G ` r u s j c ä f y a u ` ` x k j c j f h l p l r h l f h ` p j s j o j `c
`c p ` r -

a u m ` h ` c M j ` s t r l h ``cc J m l r . Y ` v l c v dù
d ù c í h ` r ` f p ` r h lf
lf j r . ^ l r adf , t j m -

o dä
d ä f a u ` i l f h ` f j h l . J c b u f l s r ` cj
cj t l s h d i `f q u ` a u ` i r u i da di j h l `f _ l -

m j . Y ` b ÷ f K ` b ` s d p l , ``cc ` m p ` r j h l r F ` r ù f o u s i j o j p r u ` o j s p j r j i l f -

h`fjr j ^`hrl.

Jft` `sj `v`ftujcdhjh, jcbufls ir`y`ft`s c` pdhd`rlf dfsdst`f-

t ` m ` f t ` q u ` k u y `r j.

J s í cl k d z l , p ` r l jc c c ` b j r j c j s p u ` r t j s h ` cj i d u h j h s d f t d ù q u ` j c b l

cl q u ` m j o j p l r h` f tr l . Y ` j i l r h ù h ` s u M j ` s t r l , q u d` f k j oí j ` f -

a r ` f t j h l c j s j a c d i i d l f ` s y ``cc i j l s ` f s d cc`` f i d l y i l f c j m j y l r h d b f d h j h .

@ f t l f i ` s , i l f t r j r d j f h l j t l h l s , r ` b r ` s ù . @c k d s t l r d j h l r G ` r ù f d m l h d i `

q u ` c l i r u i d a di
d i j r l f h ` s p u ä s h ` k j o ` r c l i l f h ` f j h l i l m l u f v u c bj
bj r
i r d m d f j c . ^ ` r l ``cc ÷ f d i l i r d m ` f q u ` i l m ` t d ù ^ ` h r l a u ` ``cc h ` j m j r , p ` r -

h l fj r , t l c `r j r y p r ` l i u p j r s ` h ` c l s h ` m ê s .

I u ` f t j c j t r j h d i d ù f q u ` jjcc s ` r i r u i d a d i j h l f l s ` s d f t ddùù h d b f l h `

m l r d r h ` c j m d s m j a l r m j q u ` G ` s ÷ s p l r ccll q u ` p d h ddùù q u ` c l i c j v j r j f ` f

c j i r u z i l f c j i j o ` z j k j i d j j o j g l . @ s p r l o j o c ` q u ` ` f ``cc m l m ` f t l h `

c j iirr u i d a dx
d x dù
dù f ^ ` h r l k j y j m d r j h l h ` f t r l h ` s í y ` f i l f t r j h l c l s l g l s

su ocdm `s h` G` s÷ s ilfalrtêf hlcl, il m l c l k d id

i d ` rrjj ` f ` c p j t dl
dl h
h`` c

Y j f ` h r í f . J k l r j , s ddf
f ` m o j r b l , f l s ` f t íj v ` r b ó ` f z j , p u ` s f l c l ` s t j o j

f ` b j f h l , s d f l q u ` ` s t j o j h d i d ` f h l jjcc m u f h l ` f t ` r l i u ê f t l j m j o j j
su M j`strl . @
@cc m d ` h l s ` h d s d p ù , ` c j m l r p r ` v j cc`` i d ù .

M d ` f t r j s m l r í j , ^ ` h r l s l ú j o j ``cc m j y l r h ` c llss s u ` ú l s , s l ú j o j q u `

`c M j ` s t r l h ` c j Q d h j y äc f u f i j m ê s s ` s ` p j r j r í j f .

^jocl

^ j o c l s ` k dz l a j m l s l ` f _ l m j . Y u ` c l i u ` f i d j ` r j d m o jt do c` . Z u d ` f

` f t r j o j ` f i l f t j i t l i l f äc t ` f í j b r j f h ` s p l s d o d cd h j h ` s h ` i j m o d j r

p j r j s d ` m p r ` c j r u t j h ` s u p r l p d j v d h j . J f t ` r d l r m ` f t ` , ääcc k j o í j h ` -

s ` j h l j p j b j r ``cc d f i ` f h d l p r l h u i d h l p l r G ` s ÷ s ` f ``cc j c m j h ` c l s k l m -

or`s. Jk lrj `rj `c mjy lr dfi`fhdjrdl.

P s ù t l h j s u d f tt`` c ddbb ` f i ddjj p j r j h d v u c b j r ccjj b r j f h ` z j p l i l v d s d o c ` h ` c

i j r p d f t` r l h ` F j z j r ` t , p j r j m l s t r j r q u ` G ` s ÷ s k j o í j v ` f i dh l ` c i j l s

h ` cj i r u z y q u ` s u mu`rt` s` trjsalr m joj `f cj v`ftjfj p j r j ccjj

`t`rfdhjh.

C l i l f s d h ` r j r l f c l il
i l , t j c i l m l ` f t d ` m p l s p j s j h l s ä c cccc j m j r j c l -

i l s j c l s q u ` s ` b u í j f j G ` s ÷ s . A u ` t l r t u r j h l ` f r ` p `t dh j s l i j s d l f ` s y

t u v l p l i l s m l m ` f t l s h ` h ` s i j f s l . X ` fíj t l h l s c ls m l t d v l s p jr j

i j cc
c c j r y h ` g j r h ` p r l p j b j r ccll s s u ` ú l s h ` G ` s ÷ s , p ` r l f j h d ` c l b r j o j
sdc`fidjrcl, fd sdqud`rj cls ar`iu`ft`s rd`sbls h` mu`rt`. Yus ijo`ccls

o c j f q u ` j r l f , s u p d ` c q u ` h ù m j r i j h j p l r c l s j z l t ` s , s u r l s t r l p l r ccjj s

f l i k ` s m j c h l r m d h j s , p ` r l h ` f t r l h ` ääcc k j o í j u f j ` f ` r b í j d f j b l t j o c ` .

M u i k l s t dd`` f ` f m l t d v l s p j r j s ` r a ` c d i ` s , p ` r l s l f t r d s t ` s y j f s d l s l s .

^ j o c l t u v l t l h l s c ls
l s m l t d v l s p j r j s ` r u f j p ` r s l f j t r d st
st ` y ` s t r ` s j h j ,

p ` r l a u ` u f s ` r k u m j f l a `c
` c dz
dz y s ` r ` f l .

@f s u s ÷ ct dm l s j ú l s ` s t u v l p r ` s l `f _ l m j . ^ ` rl s u o l i j g j m ê s s `

i j c cù
cù . @
@ff cj
c j i ê r i ` c,
c, s ` b u í j k j o c j f h l , p r l m l v d ` f h l r ` u f d l f ` s y i l f v l -

i j f h l j g u h í l s y r l m j f l s . H ` ` f t r ` ` s t l s ÷ c t dm
dm l s , m u i k l s s l c h j h l s
` f tr
t r j r l f ` f c llss s u ` ú l s h ` G ` s ÷ s . F l p l i l s b u j r h d j s ` f i j r b j h l s h `

vdbdcjrcl i j m o d j r l f p j r j s d ` m p r ` s u s vdh js.

I u j f h l l i u r r ddùù ccjj p r d m ` r j b rrjj f p ` r s ` i u i d ù f ` f _ l m j , F ` r ù f t u v l

c j l p l r t u f d h j h h ` j i j o j r i l f c j v d h j h ``cc k l m o r ` q u ` i l f t j b d j o j j c ls
ls

r l m j f l s i l f ` c s u ` ú l h ` c j ` t ` r f d h j h . @ f u f j s d ttu
u j i dù f h ` s ` s p ` r j h j ,

`c `mp `rj hl r ` fv d ù j hl s h` su s a u ` rt ` s ` s i u h ` r l s , A`r`bjs y

^ j r t ` m d l , p j r j q u ` s d c ` f i d j r j j c h ù i d c ^ j o ccll .

¼ H ù f h` `s t j o j ^ j o cl `f ` s ` m l m ` f t l < @ f s ` ú j f h l .

@ c j m o d ` f t ` ``f
f _ l m j ` r j t ` f s l . C l s i r d s t d j f l s ` r j f v d s t l s i l m l sd

a u `r j f plrtjhl r`s h` c ` pr j. I u j f h l c c`
c` b j r l f k jstj hl fh ` `stjoj

^ j o c l , ccll s h l s v ` r h u b l s c l v d ` r l f ` f s ` ú j f h l j c p u ` o c l . @
@cc m l m ` f t l

` r j i l f m l v ` h l r . H ` p r l f t l , j cb
c b l s u i ` h d ù h ` f t r l h ` ` c ccll s . C l q u `

l y ` r l f c llss d m p r ` s d l f ù y ` f u f j j i t ddtt u h s l r p r ` f h ` f t ` , c ` p d h d`
d` r l f q u `

l r j r j p l r ` c ccll s p j r j q u ` t j m o d ä f p u h d ` r j f i r ` ``rr . ^ j o c l c l s m d r ù y c `s
`s

h d g l q u ` ` f o r ` v ` iirr ` ` r ííjj f p ` r l p l r s l o r ` s u t u m o j . @ s t j o j i l f -

s i d ` f t ` h ` s u adf y h ` q u ` s u m u ` r t ` j ÷ f p r l h u i d r íj a r u
utt l ss..

^ l i l t d ` m p l j f t ` s , k j o í j ` s i r d t l u f j i j r ttjj j c llss a d c d p ` f s ` s r ` v ` -

c j f h l u f j v j c ` f ttíí j s d f p r ` i ` h ` f t ` s j f t ` c j m u ` r t ` . ^ j o c l v d v dù
dù u f j v d -
h j d f t `f s j .

Y u a r d ù m u i k l , p ` r l j m ù m ê s j ÷ f . I r u z ù ` c v j cccc ` h ` c j j f b u s ttdd j , p ` r l

o ` o d ù h ` c j a u ` f t ` h ` c b l z l . A u ` t j f aa`` cd
cd z q u ` t u v l ` c v j c l r h ` , ` s t j f h l

` f i j r i ` c j h l , r ` i l m ` f h j r j s u s c ` i t l r ` s q u ` a u ` r j f a ` ccdd i ` ss77 « @ s ttää f

sd`m pr` bl zl sl s µ . ¼ Z u ä m d s t ` r d l ` s ä s ` q u ` k d z l j k l m o r ` s a ` c di
di ` s

`f sdtujidlf`s tjf mds`rjo c`s< ¼ Z u ä s ` i r ` t l s s ` l i u c t j o j f ` f ccll

íftdm l h ` s u s `spírdtus q u ` cls tl rf joj f o d`f j v `f tu r jh l s `f cubjr h`

h`s`sp`rjhls<

^ j o c l t j m o d ä f s l ú j o j i l f u f j p j t rrdd j s u p ` r d l r . @ f ` s t j t d ` r r j ääcc s `
i l f s d h ` r j o j u f k u ä s p ` h p j s j g ` r l . Y u i l r j z ù f o u s i j o j u f r ` ddf
fl h`

j c ` b r ííjj , p j z y g u s ttdd i ddjj . C l s s l c h j h l s h ` F ` r ù f c l i l f h u g ` r l f a u ` r j h `

c j i d u h j h . J c ccíí ä c l r ù , k j o c j f h l i l f ` c H d l s q u ` v d vvíí j ` f c l p r l a u f h l h `

s u s ` r j u f q u ` f u f i j c l k j y j v ddss ttll .

H ` s p u ä s h ` ` s ` m l m ` f t l , s ` h ` s p d h d ù h ` ` s t j v d h j t j f o ``cc c j y i l m -

p c `g
` g j,
j , t j f r ddii j y c c ` f j h ` h ` i ` p i d l f ` s , t j f c j r bbjj yy,, jjcc m d s m l t d ` m p l , t jjf
f

i l r t j.
j . I l m l t ` f í j i d u h j h j f í j r l m j f j , f l c l i r u i ddaa d iijj r l f . @ f s u g u v ` f -

t u h , cccc `v
` v ù j ccjj m u ` r t ` j m u i k l s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` I r d sstt l . J k l r j , c ` k j o í j

c c ` b j h l `c
` c t u r f l j ä cc.. I l f u f v j c l r t r ` m ` f h l , l a r ` i d ù s u i u ` c c l j ccll s

v ` r h u b l s q u d ` f ` s cl h ` i j p d t j r l f s d f m ê s t r ê m d t ` .

X j c v ` z m u y p l i l s k j y j f j m j h l t j f t l j c j k u m j f d h j h i l m l ^ jo
jo c l .

J p r ` f h d ù i l f `c M j ` s t r l h ` c J m l r j v j c l r j r j i j h j s ` r k u m j f l i l m l

ufj glyj ÷ f di
di j . I l f s d h ` r ù j c llss ` s i c j v l s , j cls p lor` s y j c llss

` x i c u d h l s t j f d m p l r t j f t ` s i l m l c ls
ls r ` y` s y c l s f l o c `s .

X r l f i k j r l f s u v d h j p ` r l f l s u s s u ` ú l s . M u r d ù p l r `c
` c cl
cl s . C l q u `

^ j o c l ` s i r d o d ù j i ` r i j h ` G ` s u i r d s t l d f i ` f h d ù ``cc m u f h l . C j kd
k d st
s t lr
l r ddjj

g j m ê s au ` cj m d s m j h ` s p u ä s h ` s u s o ` ccj s, p r l a u f h j s y p l ä t d i j s i j r -

tjs.
d ^ l r q u ä v j cc`` c j p ` f j v ddvv d rr<<

Y ` r í j h ` ` s p ` r j r q u ` c j s p ` r s l f j s h ` c s d b c l [ [ D a u ` r j f j c ` b r ` s,
s, t r j f -

q u d c j s , h d v ` r t dh
d h j s , b r j i d j s j ccjj m u c t d m d c c l f j r d j d f h u s t r d j h ``cc ` f t r ` t ` f -

d m d ` f t l j q u ` t dd`` f ` f j i i ` s l . ^ ` rrll , c ` g l s h ` ` s l , v ` m l s j cj
cj b ` f t `

` s t r ` s j h j , o c l q u ` j h j , ttrr d s t`
t ` . Y ` r í j h ` ` s p ` r j r q u ` ``cc j i i ` s l j c j t ` i -

f l c l b íj
í j y j c ls
l s o d ` f ` s m j t ` r d j c ` s k ddii dd`` r j q u ` c j s p ` r s l f j s t ` f b j f m ê s

t d ` m p l p j r j ` cc
c c j s m d s m j s . ^ ` r l c j r ` j c dh
dh j h m u ` s t r j u f j t ` f h ` f id j

t l tj c m ` f t` l p u ` s t j 7 r j r j m ` f t ` h ` h d i j f t d ` m p l j cj s i l s j s q u ` j m j f .
J p ` s j r h ` vdvdr j p r ` t j h l s ` f s l i d ` h j h ` s p l p u c l s j s , cj p r l x d m d h j h

a í s d ij
i j f l tr
t r j g l j i ` r i j m d ` f t l ` m l i d l f j c . @c h d ê c l b l ` s t ê m u r d ` f h l . C j

s l c ` h j h s ` v l c vd
vd ù u f k ê o dt l . C j s p ` r s l f j s j p r ` f h ` f h u r j f t ` j ú l s c js

r ` bc
bc js h ` c dh d l m j , p ` r l f l s j o ` f k j o c j r h ` s í m d s m j s . C l s p j h r ` s

liuctjf h` cls kdgls sus `mlidlf`s. Cls kdgls liuctjf h` cls pjhr`s

sus cêbrdmjs. Cls prla`slr`s s` liuctjf h`três h` cj tdzj y h` cj

i l m p u t j h l r j . ^ s d q u d j ttrr j s y p s d i ù c l b l s o u s i j f s l c u i d l f j r , s d f ä x d tl
t l , cj

s l c ` h j h , p u ` s ` c cj
cj f l p u ` h ` s ` r t r j t j h j h ` f t r l h ` c j s i u j t r l p j r ` h ` s

h ` u f i l f s u c tl r d l .

C l s s ` b u d h l r ` s h ` G ` s ÷ s f l p l s ` í j f h d f `r l , a j m j f
fdd p rl
r l t ` ii
ii d ù f,

p ` r l t `f íj f t l h l c l q u ` cl s s ` r ` s k u m j f l s s d ` m p r ` h ` s ` j r l f . X` fíj f

j c ` b r íj
íj , p j z d f
ftt ` rd
r d l r,
r , s ` b u r d h j h , j m d b l s , ê f d m l . I j h j u f l h ` `c
` c cl
cl s

vdvdù u f j brjf jv`fturj.

X u v d` r l f b r j f h ` s s u ` ú l s y v j c l r p j rj j r r d` s b j r t l h l y t r j f s a l r m j r c l

` f r ` j c d h j h . X j c v ` z g j m ê s k j y j f ` x d s t d h l ` f c j t d ``rr r j p ` r s l f j s t j f r ` jjcc -

d z j h j s , s l i d j o c ` s y s j t d s a ` i k j s . F l t ` f í j f f j h j , p ` r l ccll p l s ` í j f t l h l .

@ rj
rj f h d s i r dm d f j h j s , p ` r l ` s t j o j f r l h ` j h j s h ` m u i k l s j m d b l s . @f jc -

b u f l s m l m ` f t l s p j r ` i ííjj q u ` k j o í j f p ` r h d h l c j ` s p ` r j f z j y c j a ` ,
p ` r l i j h j m j ú j f j ` rj u f f u ` v l i l m d ` f z l . I j h j h ` r rl tj , u f j l p l r t u -

f d h j h p j r j j p r ` f h ` r , i r ` i ` r y s ` b u d r ` f `c i j m d f l .

Y u ar d` r lf i l m l p l i l s , p ` r l j p r `f h d` r l f j f l m u r m u r j r . H ` s u s

olijs sjcíj ufj brjtdtuh hdjrdj plr `c `sp`itêiucl h` cj vdhj. Fl `x-

d b íj
í j f f j h j h ` c llss h ` m ê s , p ` r l h j o j f t l h l c l q u ` t ` f í j f . A u ` r l f t l c ` r -

j f t ` s i l f s u s ` f ` m d b l s , j u f q u ` s u s ` f ` m d b l s a u ` r l f d m p c j i j o cc`` s

i l f ` c ccll s . Y ` v l c v d ` r l f j m j f t ` s h ` c j p j zz,, a u ` r l f p j i d a d i j h l r ` s h ` c l s

j a c d b d h l s , i l m p r ` f h d ` r l f c j c l i u r j h ` c l s q u ` s ` i l f s d h ` r j o j f c ÷ iidd -

h l s . A u ` r l f a ` ccdd i`
i` s ` f u f j s l i d ` h j h d f k u m j f j .
@ f cj
cj g u v ` f t u h t u v d ` r l f m ui kl s trju m js, p ` r l ``cc v ` f h ` h l r h `

s u ` ú l s k d z l j c b l q u ` h ` g j o l q u d j o d ` r t j j ccjj i d ` f i d j m l h ` r f j 7 c l s

t r j s a l r m ù ` f ` c b r u p l k u m j f l m ê s d f t ` ccdd b ` f tt`` y s j c u h j o c ` . C j s i j r t j s

q u ` ` s i r ddoo d ` r l f r ` v ` c j f i j r j i tt`` r í s t d i j s h ` p ` r s l f j c d h j h q u ` pl il s

p s d i ù c l b l s y p s d q u d j t r j s k j f i l f q u d s t j h l . C l s s u ` ú l s q u ` v dv
d v d`
d ` rrll f

i l d f i d h ` f i l f c l s m ê s o ` c c l s s u ` ú l s h ` c j a d c ls
l s l a í j , h ` c j p s d i l c l b ííjj ,

h ` c jjss i d ` f i d j s h ` c j ` h u i j i d ù f . M l s t r j r l f q u ` v j c ` c j p ` f j v ddvv d r , j u f

i u j f h l c `s
` s q u d t j r l f c j v dh
dh j .

H ` t ` f b ê m l f l s p j r j r ` ac `x dl f j r u f p l i l , ¼ K j o r ê f u ` s t r j v d h j j c i j f -

z j h l u f s d bf da di j h l d bu j c m ` f t ` b r j f h ` < G ` s ÷ s h ` m l s t r ù h ` m u i k j s

a l r m j s cj b r j f h ` z j h ` c j v d hj . ¼ I l m p r ` f h ` m l s s u v j cl r <

¼ Z u d ä f ` s s l m l s < Y l m l s i ` f t ` c ccjj s v d v j s q u ` o rrdd c cj

cj f h u r j f t ` u f l s

iujf tls jú ls `f `c t ` j t r l h ` cj vdhj y h` sp uä s s` jpj bjf t jf

jf

m d s t ` r d l s j m ` f t ` i l m l s ` k j oí jf ` f i ` f hd h l. F j h j ` s t jf a j f tê s td il

i l m l c j v ddh
h j, p ` r l f j h j ` s t j f ` a í m ` r l y a u b j z i l m l `ccj. K l y ` s t j -

m l s j q u í , m j ú j f j s ` r ` m l s u f j p ê b d f j h ` c j k d s t l r d j.
j. P f hí j, t l h l s

f l s l t r l s f l s ` f i l f t r j r ` m l s ` f c j s l c ` h j h h ` u f j t u m o j , y jc
jc c í f l

k j o r ê j p c j u s l s , fd
fd h d f ` r l , f
fdd o d ` f ` s m j t ` r d j c ` s . @ s t j r ` m l s s l c l s .
 Y d c j v d h j ` s t j f r ê p d h j , d f l h ` o ` r í j m l s , ` f ` s t j o r ` v ` k d st
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