ZNOTES.

ORG

UPDATED TO 2023-2024 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE
MATHEMATICS
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE THEORY SYLLABUS
Prepared for Amina Nazmi for personal use only.
CAIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS

1. Number
Natural numbers:
used for counting purposes
A∩B is shaded A∪B ‎is shaded
all possible rational &irrational numbers
Integer: a whole number ‎⊂‎‘is a subset of’
Prime numbers:
divisible only by itself and one
1 is not a prime number
Rational numbers: can be written as a fraction
Irrational numbers: cannot be written as a fraction e.g. π
Cube numbers: made from multiplying a rational number
ξ = {a, b, c, d, e} A’ is shaded
to itself thrice.
b∈X
Reciprocals: A number made by raising a rational number
to -1, or 1 over that number
of elements in A

1.2. HCF and LCM ∈ = …is an element of…

\n otin = …is not an element of…
Highest Common Factor and Lowest Common Multiple: A′ = complement of set A
Ø or = empty set
ξ = Universal set
A ∪ B = union of A and B
A ∩ B = intersection of A and B
A ⊆ B = A is a subset of B
HCF = product of common factors of x and y
A ⊂ B = A is a proper subset of B
LCM = product of all items in Venn diagram
A⊄B = A is not a subset of B

1.4. Indices
Standard form:

10 4 = 10000
10 3 = 1000
10 2 = 100
Prime Factorization: finding which prime numbers 10 1 = 10
multiply together to make the original number 10 0 = 1
10 −1 = 0.1
1.3. Sets 10 −2 = 0.01
10 −3 = 0.001
Definition of sets e.g. 10 −4 = 0.0001
A = { x : x is a natural number} 10 −5 = 0.00001
B = {( x , y): y = mx + c } Limits of accuracy:
C = { x : a ≤ x ≤ b}
D = { a, b, c , … } The degree of rounding of a number
E.g. 2.1 to 1 d.p 2.05 ≤ x < 2.15
Set representations: Finding limits when adding/multiplying: add/multiply
respective limits of values
Finding maximum value possible when
dividing/subtracting: max value divided by/minus min
value
Finding minimum value possible when
A∩B is shaded A∪B ‎is shaded dividing/subtracting: min value divided by/minus max
value
‎⊂‎‘is a subset of’

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2024 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is authorised
for personal use only by Amina Nazmi at undefined on 12/06/24.
CAIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS

Simple interest:
1.5. Ratio & Proportion
PRT
Ratio: used to describe a fraction I=
100
​

e.g. 3 : 1
Foreign exchange: money changed from one currency to Where, P= P rincipal, R = Rate Of I nterest, and
another using proportion T = T ime
E.g. Convert $22.50 to Dinars
$1 : 0.30KD Compound interest:
$22.50 : 6.75KD r nt
Map scales: using proportion to work out map scales A = P (1 + ) ​

n
1km = 1000m
1m = 100cm Where, P = P rincipal, R =
1cm = 10mm Rate Of I nterest, N = number of times the
Direct variation: y is proportional to x interest is compounded per year and T =
T ime
y∝x

y = kx 1.7. Speed, Distance & Time

Inverse variation: y is inversely proportional to x Distance
Speed =
Time
​

1
y∝ Total Distance
x
​

Average Speed =
Total Time
​

k
y=
Units of speed: km/hr or m/s
​

x
Units of distance: km or m
1.6. Percentages Units of time: hr or sec

Percentage: 5
km/hr × = m/sec
18
​

Convenient way of expressing fractions

Percent means per 100 18
Percentage increase or decrease: m/sec × = km/hr
5
​

Actual Change
P ercentage increase = × 100
Original Amount
​

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2024 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is authorised
for personal use only by Amina Nazmi at undefined on 12/06/24.
CAIE IGCSE
Mathematics

© ZNotes Education Ltd. & ZNotes Foundation 2024. All rights reserved.
This version was created by Amina Nazmi on 12/06/24 for strictly personal use only.
These notes have been created by Disha Garg, Mohammad Aslam & Sagnik Pal for the 2023-2024 syllabus
The document contains images and excerpts of text from educational resources available on the internet and
printed books. If you are the owner of such media, test or visual, utilized in this document and do not accept its
usage then we urge you to contact us and we would immediately replace said media.
No part of this document may be copied or re-uploaded to another website. Under no conditions may this
document be distributed under the name of false author(s) or sold for financial gain.
“ZNotes” and the ZNotes logo are trademarks of ZNotes Education Limited (registration UK00003478331).