ENHANCING CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES: A COMPREHENSIVE

ANALYSIS OF STREET CRIME PATROLLING EFFICACY AT

MANTICAO

An Undergraduate Research

Presented to

The Faculty of the Department of Criminology

Initao College

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Daniel O.Dagaya Jr.

John Alvin D. Daganio
Jonacheryl M. Madjos
Regine Mae P. Megalbio

May 2024
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “Enhancing Crime Prevention Strategies: A

Comprehensive Analysis of Street Crime Patrolling Efficacy at Manticao” prepared

and submitted by: Daniel O.Dagaya Jr., John Alvin D. Daganio, Jonacheryl M.

Madjos, Regine Mae P. Megalbio in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree in Bachelor of Science in Criminology, was hereby recommended for approval

and acceptance.

TRISHA JANE G. DIRON, RCRIM

Research Adviser

Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the requirements for the

degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology by the oral examination panel.

CHRISTIAN ALLEN A. PACANUT, RChE, RChT ELDEN B. ESTARES,

MSCJ
Member Member

JANE P. CAGOD, MSCJ

Chairman

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of

Science in Criminology.

ANGEL QUEENIE Z. CLERIGO, RCRIM GRACE C. LAPINIG, PH.D

Program Coordinator, Criminology College President
 iii

ABSTRACT

The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of police patrol methodology for

crime prevention in Manticao using a quantitative research design. The locale of the

study was at barangay Paniangan of Manticao, serving as its study site, where statistics

were gathered using a questionnaire prepared by the team itself. The reliability of the

study was assured by the fact that the questionnaire was pilot-tested on 30 respondents,

and the internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

Respondents of this study were the residents of the locale aged 18 years old and above.

Statistical instruments such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were

used to process the data obtained from collecting data. The study's results showed that

automobile patrol was the method with the highest mean score, which was 4.29,

indicating that it was quite effective in crime prevention. However, foot officer rate

scored the lowest mean of 3.91, which clearly illustrated the areas that required

improvements. The study pointed out the importance of intensifying foot patrols'

presence to increase both response and community actions aimed at fighting crimes.

Following on the basis of the study results, recommendations entail deploying more foot-

patrol officers whom the public can see in the streets and identifying ways to help police

develop better relationships with the community.

Keywords: Crime Prevention, Community Engagement, Enhancement, Police Patrol,

Strategies
 iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend first gratitude to the Dean Initao College to

Mrs. Charlene B. Negosa, RCrim, MSCJ for her guidance, support during the process

of our study.

The researchers would like to thank the research adviser, Ms. Trisha Jane Diron,

RCrim, for her invaluable guidance, mentorship, and expertise throughout the course of

this study.

The researchers extend our sincere thanks to Mr. Christan Allen Pacanut,

RChE, RChT, Mrs. Maricar P. Cabili, MSCJ, Ms. Jane Cagod, MSCJ, and Mr.

Elden B. Estares, MSCJ our respected panelist, for their helpful comments that guide us

thorough the review of our study.

The researcher’s heartfelt gratitude to the cooperative Respondents, the residents

of barangay Paniangan. Without your cooperation, this research would not be possible.

The researcher’s profound gratitude to their families, the Dagaya family,

Daganio Family, Madjos family, Megalbio family, for their love, support,

encouragement, and understanding throughout this research journey.

The researcher’s heartfelt appreciation goes to the Almighty God for His

blessings, guidance, and strength that sustained us throughout this research study.

The Researchers;
Daniel O.Dagaya Jr.
John Alvin D. Daganio
Jonacheryl M. Madjos
Regine Mae P. Megalbio
BS-Criminology
Initao College
 v

Dedication

The researchers extend heartfelt appreciation to everyone who has played a role in

the completion and success of this study.

The researchers would like to express their deepest gratitude to their families,

Dagaya family, Daganio Family, Madjos family, Megalbio family, whose unwavering

support, encouragement, and understanding have been the cornerstone of our academic

journey. Their love, sacrifices, and belief in their abilities have fueled their determination

and inspired them to pursue excellence in their research journey.

The researcher’s heartfelt appreciation to their research adviser, Ms. Trisha Jane

Diron, RCrim, for her invaluable guidance, mentorship, and expertise throughout the

course of this study. Her insightful feedback, constructive criticism, and encouragement

have been instrumental in shaping the direction and methodology of our research, leading

to its successful completion.

Special thanks are extended to Mr. Christian Allen A. Pacanut, RChT, RChE, for

his unwavering dedication, meticulous checking, and valuable suggestions that

significantly contributed to the refinement and improvement of our research. His

expertise, attention to detail, and willingness to assist have been invaluable assets in

ensuring the quality and integrity of our study.

 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE …………………………………. i
LIST OF TABLES…………………………… vii
LIST OF FIGURES………………………….. viii

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE…………………..
1.1 Introduction………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem……………………………. 4
1.3 Theoretical Framework……………………………. 5
1.4 Conceptual Framework……………………………. 7
1.5 Significance of the Study………. ……………… 9
1.6 Scope and Limitations…………………………… 10
1.7 Definition of Terms……………………………… 10

CHAPTER 2
REVIEWB OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES………
2.1 Foreign Literature and Studies…………………… 12
2.2 Local Literature and Studies…………………….. 18

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………………………………… 21
3.1 Research Design………………………………… 22
3.2 Research Setting…………………………………. 23
3.3 Respondents of the Study……………………….. 24
3.4 Research Instrument and Scoring Procedures…………… 25
3.5 Data Collection Procedure……………………………… 26
3.6 Data Processing Methods……………………….. 27
3.7 Statistical Analysis……………………………….. 27
3.8 Flowchart of the Methodology………………………….. 28

CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA………… 35

CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS………………..
5.1 Summary of the Results……………………….… 59
5.2 Summary of the Findings……………………….. 60
5.3 Conclusion………………………………….……. 61
5.4 Recommendations………………………………. 62
REFERENCES…………………………………… 64
APPENDICIES…………………………………… 66
DOCUMENTATION……………………………. 68
CURRICULUM VITAE………………………… 70
 vii

LIST OF TABLES

Page
Table1. Scoring Procedure Including Likert Scale Interpretation………… 25
Table 4.1 Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Age of the 35
Respondents…………………
Table 4.2 Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Sex of the 36
Respondents…………………
Table 4.3 Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Occupation of the 38
Respondents………………..
Table 4.4 Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Length of Residency of 39
the Respondents………….
Table 4.5 Factors that Influence the effictivity of Police Patrol for Crime 41
Prevention in Terms of Visibility and Presence………………….
Table 4.6 Factors that Influence the Effectivity of Police Patrol for Crime 44
Prevention in Terms of Community Engagement and Trust……………
Table 4.7 Level of Effectiveness of the Different Patrol Methods of Police 47
Officers in Manticao, in Terms of Foot Patrol………………….
Table 4.8 Level of Effectiveness of the Different Patrol Methods of Police 50
Officers in Manticao, in Terms of Motorcycle Patrol…………….
Table 4.9 Level of Effectiveness of the Different Patrol Methods of Police 53
Officers in Manticao, in Terms of Automobile Patrol…………………
Table 4.10 Summary of the over-all weighted mean on the Level of 55
Effectiveness of the Different Patrol Methods of Police Officers in Manticao…

LIST OF FIGURES
 viii

Page
Figure 2.1 Schematic Diagram ………………………………… 8
Figure 3.1 Vicinity Map of Manticao Misamis Oriental………….. 23
Figure 3.2 Flowchart of the method used in the study……………. 25
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

1.1 Introduction

Crime was very rampant that our society, and the world were facing it daily. In

the town of Manticao, Misamis Oriental, the issue of street crime had persisted,

demanding a committed approach to safety and security. This research delved into a

crucial journey to investigate and enhance crime prevention strategies, with a particular

focus on the effectiveness of street crime patrolling in Manticao.

According to the report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

(UNODC), urban areas often experienced higher rates of street crime due to their

population density, socio-economic disparities, and complex environmental factors

(UNODC, 2020). Manticao, a municipality located in the Philippines, was no exception

to these challenges. Recent statistics from the Manticao Municipal Station indicated an

alarming increase in street crime incidents, raising concerns among local residents and

authorities. The National Crime Records Bureau’s recent reports underlined the urgency

of our research. Manticao had experienced a notable 15% increase in reported street

crime cases over the past year alone. These statistics, while concerning, provided a clear

impetus to delve deeper into the strategies deployed by law enforcement agencies in

Manticao. Were they effective? Could they be improved? These were the questions that

lay at the heart of our investigation (UNODC, 2020).

The longstanding awareness of spatial crime clustering was acknowledged, dating

back to the early 19th century. However, the research emphasized the evolving

understanding of crime clustering at different spatial and temporal scales. Unlike

 2

previous studies that identified hot-spots over larger areas and longer timeframes, Hutt's

work narrowed the focus to micro-places, mere hundreds of meters across, which

exhibited heightened criminal activity for only short durations. The study delved into the

traditional concept that a visible police presence in crime hot-spots deterred criminal

activities, a principle upheld for centuries. While this deterrent effect had been

substantiated in prior research, Hutt's study confronted analytical challenges and data

quality issues associated with evaluating micro-level hot-spot patrol strategies. The

research scrutinized the accuracy and precision of data used to assess these strategies,

beginning with a literature review on place-based policing and crime clustering. Through

an illustrative analytic strategy and a self-exciting point process model, the study

evaluated the impact of police foot patrol in micro-level hot-spots, assuming accurate

crime and patrol data. Two subsequent chapters meticulously investigated the quality of

the datasets employed. Ultimately, the study re-conducted the point-process evaluation

using simulated data, accounting for dataset uncertainty, thereby elucidating how data

quality influenced the outcomes and perceived efficacy of highly-focused policing

strategies (Hutt, 2020).

The logical reason for this study was due to the fact that crime preventative

measures can be strengthened by precisely identifying the role and efficiency of different

types of police patrol methods. Regardless of the fact that the total terrain of Manticao is

vast and diverse, as well as the specificity of the community, it was important to

determine which of the mentioned patrol types would be most appropriate for the

communities’ needs and most effective in combating crime. Thus, the current research

offered the police relevant findings and recommendations regarding the further
 3

optimization of the patrol activities, as well as the enhancement of the relations between

the force and minorities with the aim to establish a more favorable environment for all

the inhabitants. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the highest levels of

expectation within the population and compare them to current methods of police patrol

in an attempt to aid in the creation of more effective and conforming policing strategies.
 4

1.2 Theoretical Framework

The following theories were based on the Koper Curve Theory and Police

Omnipresence Theory, providing a valuable framework for understanding the dynamics

of street crime and the role of patrolling in crime prevention. These theories contributed

foundational perspectives on the role of law enforcement visibility in deterring criminal

activities, providing a conceptual basis for investigating the efficacy of street crime

patrolling at both macro and micro levels. The Police Omnipresence Theory, expounded

by Rittersporn in the context of Soviet imagery of politics and social relations in the

1930s, posited that a conspicuous police presence served as a deterrent to criminal

behavior. In the Manticao study, this theory resonated with the investigation into how the

omnipresence of law enforcement influenced street-level crime clustering. Analyzing the

impact of visible patrolling aligned with the foundational tenets of the Police

Omnipresence Theory, shedding light on the dynamic relationship between law

enforcement visibility and micro-level crime patterns (Rittersporn, G. T. 2016).

Concurrently, the Koper Curve Theory by Baker and Trimble introduced the

nuanced concept that an optimal dosage of police presence could enhance crime

deterrence. This principle became particularly pertinent in understanding the dosage-

response relationship between patrolling efforts and the reduction of street crime in

Manticao. By searching into the literature review conducted by Baker and Trimble, the

study aimed to explore whether the Koper Curve Principle, originally conceived in the

context of general crime deterrence, could be applied to the specific domain of reducing

street crime in the Manticao region. The integration of these criminological theories into
 5

the theoretical framework of the study allowed for a comprehensive examination of street

crime patrolling efficacy. The omnipresence concept provided insights into general

deterrence strategies, while the Koper Curve Principle guided the analysis of the optimal

intensity of patrolling efforts. Through this synthesis, the study aimed to contribute to the

scholarly discourse on crime prevention strategies by offering a nuanced understanding

of the interplay between law enforcement visibility and the reduction of street-level crime

in Manticao (Baker, S. et al., 2023).

 6

1.3 Conceptual Framework

A paradigm was prepared below outlining the key independent and dependent

variables central to this study, where the independent variables represented Factors

Influencing the Effectiveness of Police Patrol Strategy and Different Patrol Methods.

Under the former, the strategy factors of Visibility and Presence highlighted the

importance of a noticeable police presence, essential for deterring crime. Furthermore,

community factors like Engagement and Trust recognized the significance of positive

interactions between law enforcement and the community in enhancing overall

effectiveness. Moving to the second independent variable, Different Patrol Methods,

which included Foot Patrol, Motorcycle Patrol, and Automobile Patrol, the study

explored diverse policing approaches. This dimension was relevant as it recognized that

the choice of patrol method could significantly impact community interactions and

response effectiveness.

The dependent variable, Effectiveness of Police Patrol Methods, was measured in

conjunction with the Demographic Profile of the Respondents, encompassing Age, Sex,

Occupation, and Length of Residency. These demographic factors served as crucial

lenses through which to analyze the differential impact of patrol strategies on various

segments of the community. The relevance lay in recognizing that different demographic

groups might respond differently to specific patrol methods, providing insights into

potential variations in effectiveness based on individual characteristics. In summary, the

conceptual framework synthesized both internal and external dimensions of police patrol
 7

effectiveness, acknowledging the interplay between strategy factors, patrol methods, and

the demographic composition of the community.

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Factors Influencing the

Effectiveness of Police Patrol
 Visibility and Presence
 Community Engagement
and Trust Level of Effectiveness on
Police Patrol Methods
Different Patrol Met hods
 Foot Patrol
 Motorcycle Patrol
 Automobile Patrol

Demographic Profile of the

Respondents
 Age
 Sex
 Occupation
 Length of Residency

Figure1. Schematic Diagram

 8

1.4 Statement of the Problem

The research seeks to address a problem that revolves around the demographic

profile of the respondents and the factors influencing the effectiveness of street crime

patrolling in Manticao.

1. What is the demographic profile of respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex;

1.3 Occupation; and

1.4 Length of Residency?

2. What are the factors that influence the effectivity of police patrol for crime prevention

in terms of:

2.1 Visibility and Presence; and

2.2 Community Engagement and Trust?

3. What is the level of effectiveness of the different patrol methods of police officers in

Manticao, in terms of:

3.1 Foot Patrol;

3.2 Motorcycle Patrol; and

3.3 Automobile Patrol?

4. With the gathered data, what strategies and enhancement can be suggested in order to

obtain and maintain a highly effective patrol methods among the police officers?
 9

1.5 Significant of the Study

This study was conducted to benefit the following:

Students. Through this study, it helped to ensure the students' safety, especially

those who had evening classes. Since most of the students were commuting and street

crimes were rampant nowadays.

Parents and Guardians. This study lessened the worries of the parents or

guardians because one of the focuses of this study was enhancing the crime prevention

strategies, particularly the efficacy of street patrolling.

Community. This study was very beneficial to the community, especially in the

municipality of Manticao. This research discovered the importance of the visibility of

police patrolling in the community.

Law Enforcement Officers. This study helped to understand what worked best

for keeping neighborhoods safe. It showed them where they were doing well and where

they could do better. By knowing what people thought about police patrols, they could

make patrols more effective and build better relationships with the community, making

everyone feel safer.

Future Researchers. This research could be a useful reference for future

researchers who would plan to make any related study. This study would be one of the

reasons for understanding street crime patrolling efficacy.

1.6 Scope and Limitations

 10

This study specifically concentrated on Paniangan Manticao, Misamis Oriental,

Philippines, aiming to conduct a thorough analysis of the effectiveness of street crime

patrols in this specific geographic area. The primary objective was to enhance community

safety and security within the locality. However, certain limitations had to be

acknowledged. While the study provided valuable insights tailored to Manticao, the

findings might not be universally applicable to other barangays due to the geographical

constraint. To address this, the research employed simple random sampling with a larger

sample size of three hundred eight (308) respondents, ensuring a more diverse

representation from the community. The respondents, randomly selected from the

barangay Paniangan of Manticao, included individuals aged 18 and above, as they

possessed the capacity to provide meaningful survey responses. Response bias, reliance

on surveys, and time constraints further influenced the research's depth and applicability.

Nevertheless, the study aimed to offer valuable insights into localized crime prevention

strategies in Manticao, contributing to a better understanding of safety and security

within this specific geographic context.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms have been operationally defined for clearer understanding of the

study.

Community Engagement. Refers to a community member participation in issues and

endeavors that aims at curbing crime and enhancing safety through collaboration with

law enforcement organizations.

Community Policing. Refers to a police strategy that is based on harmony and

collaborating closely with community members to eliminate pressing security issues.

 11

Crime Deterrence. Refers to a policies or practices intended to curb crime by using the

visible police forces, surveillance, and close partnership with the community.

Crime Prevention. Refers to the steps that are being taken to decrease the possibility of

criminal activities taking place, most of the time concentrate on strategies that are aimed

at the criminals and the community safety.

Effectiveness Assessment. Refers to the determination of the efficacy of crime

prevention plans and the policy implementation by means of crime decline and public

security results.

Law Enforcement Officers. Refers to those who are charged with enforcing laws,

carrying out law and order, and maintaining a stable world free of crime within a

demarcated area.

Neighborhood Safety. Refers to creating facets of this sense of safety by implementing

such things as presence and patrol of the police, community efforts, and crime prevention

measures.

Patrol Methods. Refers to the variety of patrol methods applied by law enforcement

officers to guard and surveil the public, including foot patrol, motorcycle patrol, and

automobile patrol.

Trust-building. Refers to a law enforcement agency who make an effort to build positive

relationships and credibility with the community members, will thus be able to get

cooperation and collaboration in crime prevention.

Visibility and Presence. Refers to the extent to which the law enforcement officers are

perceived and active within a community, affecting the feelings of safety and crime

deterrence.
12
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presented the relevant literature and studies that the researcher

considered in strengthening the importance of the present study. It also presented the

synthesis of the art to fully understand the research for better comprehension of the study.

2.1 Foreign Literature and Studies

Sukanya et al. (2022), stated that police patrol was an effective crime prevention

tool and boosted public confidence in urban security. Many interesting decision-making

problems appeared in route design, resource allocation, and jurisdiction planning. Many

cities across the world had adopted a structured and intelligent method of police patrol

due to the presence of a variety of operational and resource constraints. In this paper, a

comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in this domain, especially from the practice

of operations research (OR) point of view, was presented. This was the first-of-its-kind

review on police patrol presenting a classification scheme based on the type of problem,

objective, and modelling approach. In this novel scheme, one could track any paper

almost readily to find the specific contribution. The applicability of OR in this domain

was set to grow significantly as the governments formulated policies related to smart city

planning and urban security. This study revealed many practical challenges in police

patrolling for future research.

In recent years, crime scholars and practitioners had pointed to the potential

benefits of focusing crime prevention efforts on crime places. A number of studies

suggested that there was significant clustering of crime in small places, or “hot spots,”

that generated half of all criminal events. Researchers had argued that many crime
 13

problems could be reduced more efficiently if police officers focused their attention on

these deviant places. The appeal of focusing limited resources on a small number of high-

activity crime places was straightforward. If crime could be prevented at these hot spots,

then citywide crime totals could be reduced. A keyword search was performed on 15

abstract databases. Bibliographies of past narrative and empirical reviews of literature

that examined the effectiveness of police crime control programs were reviewed, and

forward searches for works that cited seminal hot spots policing studies were performed.

Bibliographies of past completed Campbell systematic reviews of police crime

prevention efforts were reviewed, and hand searches of leading journals in the field were

completed. Experts in the field were consulted, and relevant citations were obtained. The

extant evaluation research suggested that hot spots policing was an effective crime

prevention strategy. The research also suggested that focusing police efforts on high-

activity crime places did not inevitably lead to crime displacement; rather, crime control

benefits may diffuse into the areas immediately surrounding the targeted locations (Braga

et al., 2019).

Many crimes committed in areas that were not marked by the officers as ‘hot’

may have indicated that they did not possess sufficient knowledge about the crime risk of

these areas. At the same time, areas police officers believed were crime-prone, but with

no pronounced criminal activity (this area either did not have crimes at all or had an

insufficient number of crimes to constitute a hotspot), may have also indicated inaccuracy

of police perceptions. However, in the latter case, caution should have been exercised. In

fact, it was possible that due to perceived high risk, officers were spending more time in

that area and due to their presence, criminal activity was deterred (prevented). This could
 14

have been an explanation for the absence or low level of criminal activity in that area. In

the case their perception was true, their presence in that area was justifiable and the

outcome was desirable—less crime. Data collected from a longer time span than the one

used in this research may have shown that those areas used to be problematic in the past.

Due to their previous crime history, officers still perceived them as risky, but because of

their ongoing engagement, they now had less crime. At the same time, it was possible

that crime was happening in a particular area, but it was not reported to police (dark

figure of crime). Frontline officers knew that, due to their familiarity with their patrol

areas, but crime analysts and police supervisors did not. As a consequence, they may

have interpreted officers’ perceptions as inaccurate. Finally, in the case it was proved that

there was no ‘hidden’ criminal activity and the officers' perceptions were inaccurate, then

(excessive) police presence in ‘safe’ areas left other areas, where crimes were actually

committed, without protection (Ilijazi et al. 2019).

Community policing was not a set of specific programs. Rather, it involved

changing decision-making processes and creating new cultures within police

departments. It was an organizational strategy that left setting priorities and the activities

that were needed to achieve them largely to residents and the police who served in their

neighborhoods. Community policing was a process rather than a product. Digging

beneath the surface, it was defined by three ideas: citizen involvement, problem-solving,

and decentralization. In practice, these three dimensions turned out to be densely

interrelated, and departments that shortchanged one or more of them were not very

effective. Community policing was defined in part by efforts to develop partnerships with

community members and civic organizations that represented many of them collectively.
 15

It required that police engage with the public as they set priorities and developed their

tactics. Effective community policing required responsiveness to citizen input concerning

both the needs of the community and the best ways by which the police could help meet

those needs. It took seriously the public's definition of its own problems. This was one of

the reasons why community policing was an organizational strategy but not a set of

specific programs - how it looked in practice should have varied considerably from place

to place, in response to unique local situations and circumstances. Listening to the

community could have produced new policing priorities. Officers involved in

neighborhood policing quickly learned that residents could be deeply concerned about

problems that previously were not high on the police agenda. To a certain extent, they

defined things differently. The public often focused on threatening and fear-provoking

conditions rather than discrete and legally defined incidents (Wesley G. Skogan, 2019).

Police patrol was one of the most important tasks employed on a daily basis by

the police to prevent and reduce crime and respond to emergencies and disasters. The

visible presence of police officers in a community became one of the key components of

routine police patrol since the establishment of the "New Police" in 1829 in England.

Wise and Cheng described how police officers created guardianship by reminding

individuals of the rule of law and by raising awareness among potential offenders of the

risks associated with committing offenses. So, the physical presence or absence of police

in time and space influenced individual offenders in their decision to commit crime. One

of the primary goals of proactive patrol was crime prevention. Despite this goal, routine

police patrol was, according to the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment in the

1970s, a rather ineffective mode of policing to reduce crime and the public's fear of
 16

crime. As a result, the effectiveness of focused proactive patrol in reducing crime at

specific and small geographic areas, so-called hot spots policing, was more extensively

studied. This resulted in a wide range of routing strategies solely based on hot spot

policing. Nevertheless, routine police patrol, which was not geographically constrained to

a small number of preidentified high-crime places, was nowadays still central to everyday

policing in many police jurisdictions. In light of the general importance of routine police

patrol, major technological and methodological advancements during the past five

decades and the remaining ambiguity regarding routine police patrol and crime

prevention, the efficacy of this policing tactic needed to be revisited and a strategy for

routine police patrol had to be developed (Maite Dewinter et al., 2020).

Machine Learning had become a popular tool in a variety of applications in

criminal justice, including sentencing and policing. Media had brought attention to the

possibility of predictive policing systems causing disparate impacts and exacerbating

social injustices. However, there was little academic research on the importance of

fairness in machine learning applications in policing. Although prior research had shown

that machine learning models could handle some tasks efficiently, they were susceptible

to replicating systemic bias of previous human decision-makers. While there was much

research on fair machine learning in general, there was a need to investigate fair machine

learning techniques as they pertained to predictive policing. Therefore, we evaluated the

existing publications in the field of fairness in machine learning and predictive policing

to arrive at a set of standards for fair predictive policing. We also reviewed the

evaluations of ML applications in the area of criminal justice and potential techniques to

improve these technologies going forward. We urged that the growing literature on
 17

fairness in ML be brought into conversation with the legal and social science concerns

being raised about predictive policing. Lastly, in any area, including predictive policing,

the pros and cons of the technology needed to be evaluated holistically to determine

whether and how the technology should be used in policing (Alikhademi et al., 2022).

More than one-fourth of the world’s population lived in conditions of insecurity because

of high levels of crime and violence, especially in the Global South. Although the police

were central to reducing crime and violence, they were also often perpetrators of unjust

harm against citizens. We investigated the effects of community policing, a set of

practices designed to build trust between citizens and police, increase the co-production

of public safety, and reduce crime. Community policing was meant to improve outcomes

by increasing engagement between citizens and police through increased foot patrols,

community meetings, and the adoption of problem-oriented policing strategies that

addressed concerns raised by citizens. When cooperation led to effective police

responses, this approach reinforced citizen trust and facilitated further cooperation,

creating a virtuous cycle. Community policing had been implemented around the world

on every continent. However, although there was evidence for its positive effects in rich

countries, there was no systematic evidence about whether community policing

effectively generated trust and reduced crime in the Global South. At a time when police

departments around the world were considering reform efforts to foster greater trust

between citizens and the police, it was more important than ever to ask hard questions

about the evidence base for the most popular reform proposals. In contexts with limited

incentives and resources to change, the results of our coordinated experiments delivered a

clear message. Community policing did not, at least immediately and on its own, lead to
 18

major improvements in citizen-police relations or reductions in crime. Structural reforms

to the police may be needed to successfully reduce crime while building greater police

accountability to citizens (Muchow et al., 2020).

2.2 Local Literature and Studies

The Southern Police District (SPD) deployed more police officers on the streets as

part of preemptive efforts against criminality. In a statement Thursday, SPD director

Brig. Gen. Jimili Macaraeg said this was in line with the orders of Department of the

Interior and Local Government Secretary Benjamin Abalos Jr. and National Capital

Region Police Office chief, Maj. Gen. Felipe Natividad. He added that a total of 1,860

personnel were deployed to render patrols in places of convergence within the southern

Metro Manila area. "Said additional personnel comprised of 482 personnel from the DHQ

(District Headquarters) also performing administrative functions, DMFB (District Mobile

Force Battalion), and 1, 378 from SPD MaTaPatPaMuLaPa (Makati, Taguig, Pateros,

Pasay, Muntinlupa, Las Piñas, and Parañaque) stations," Macaraeg said. He added that

more police on the streets in hotspot crime areas was a "preventive and effective way" to

lessen street crimes. “To be more visible on the ground, especially in crime-prone areas

and places of convergence were our effective deterrents and would result in lowering the

rate of serious crimes, and of course, we saw to it that additional patrol duty did not affect

their administrative function," Macaraeg said (Christopher Lloyd Caliwan, 2022).

Police response was essentially about communities and for communities. That is

why we must always take account of public opinion in crime prevention, setting crime

prevention priorities, and devising appropriate responses. The police were primarily

responsible for the maintenance of public order, prevention and detection of crime, and
 19

protection of life and property of the people. Crime increased day by day with the

increase in the complexity of civilization. Police response was conducted by police

officers who were trained to be the first line of response in any emergency situation. This

study used the descriptive method of research to determine the effectiveness of police-

community relationship in enhancing peace and order in Bagong Silang Phase 1,

Caloocan City. The respondents were described according to different demographic

profiles. The majority of the respondents were from the age bracket 18 to 29 years old;

90% were male; 65% were single, and 65% were high school graduates. As attested by

the respondents to the status of the PNP in preventing street crimes in Bagong Silang,

Caloocan City, in terms of work force, equipment, and course of action, most responses

were regarded seriously. This can be used as a guide for the improvement of the

performance of the police officers in conducting operations on street crime cases and to

prevent these street crimes that may cause harm to the community (Abdon et al., 2019).

The research gap was evident in the absence of studies conducted in our locale,

barangay Paniangan, Manticao. The existing literature fell short in delving into the

specific community engagement aspects influencing the effectiveness of street crime

patrolling in this barangay. This study sought to address these gaps by providing a

localized and detailed examination, aiming to enhance our understanding of street crime

patrolling efficacy and improve crime prevention strategies in Manticao. The need for

this study in Manticao arose from the unique characteristics and challenges faced by our

locale. Conducting research specific to Manticao was essential as it allowed us to tailor

crime prevention strategies to our community's distinct socio-economic conditions,

educational landscape, and community dynamics. By exploring the effectiveness of street

 20

crime patrolling within our specific context, the researchers could identify nuanced

insights that might not be captured in broader studies.

 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter of the research process contains a comprehensive description of the

research designs, research locale, samples and sampling techniques, subjects, research

instruments, validation of research instruments, data gathering procedures, data

processing methods, and the statistical tools, treatments, and flow chart of methodology.

3.1 Research Design

This quantitative research study was dedicated to evaluating the effectiveness of

street crime patrol in enhancing crime prevention strategies, specifically within the

broader context of Manticao, Misamis Oriental. According to Duckett, L. J. (2021),

quantitative research design focused on quantifying the collection and analysis of data,

with the results presented in numerical form, allowing for objective, unbiased analysis

and the ability to identify trends, calculate averages, evaluate relationships, and derive

overarching insights. By employing this broader approach, the study aimed to capture

diverse perspectives and experiences, contributing to a more comprehensive

understanding of the impact of street crime patrol on crime prevention strategies. This

research design aimed to provide a more expansive and inclusive quantitative insight into

the impact of street crime patrol on crime prevention strategies in Manticao.

3.2 Research Setting

The research was conducted at barangay Paniangan of Manticao, Misamis

Oriental, serving as the expansive setting for the comprehensive analysis of street crime

patrol efficacy in enhancing crime prevention strategies. Covering barangay Paniangan

within Manticao, this approach ensured a broader representation of the community and
 22

provided a more inclusive understanding of the impact of street crime patrol. This

research aimed to encompass the diverse dynamics of the entire barangay, contributing to

a nuanced understanding of the effectiveness of street crime patrol in the context of

Manticao's varied communities.

Figure2. Vicinity Map of Manticao Misamis Oriental

3.3 Respondents of the Study

The population of the 18 years old and above residents of barangay Paniangan,

Manticao, Misamis Oriental was 1,343. By using the Slovin’s formula to decide the

sample size of the population with a 0.05 level of error or 5% margin of error and 95%

level of confidence, the result was 308 respondents. The research respondents for this

study were randomly selected from the diverse community of Manticao, encompassing

the barangay Paniangan within the municipality. The primary respondents included
 23

community members aged 18 and above. This random sampling approach ensured a

representative and inclusive selection of respondents, offering diverse perspectives on the

effectiveness of street crime patrol in enhancing crime prevention strategies.

3.4 Research Instrument

The research instrument for this quantitative study was a self-made survey

questionnaire designed to capture the perspectives and observations of the random

residents aged 18 years old and above in Barangays Paniangan, Manticao Misamis

Oriental. It contained two (2) parts: part 1 was the factors that influenced the effectivity

of police patrol for crime prevention with twenty (20) questions, and part 2 was the level

of effectiveness of the different patrol methods of police officers with thirty (30)

questions.

Variable Cronbach’s Alpha Value Interpretation

Visibility and Presence 0.827 Good

Community Engagement and Trust 0.816 Good

Foot Patrol 0.815 Good

Motorcycle Patrol 0.811 Good

Automobile Patrol 0.759 Acceptable

The results of our Cronbach's alpha reliability test for the questionnaire indicated

that our survey questions were consistent and dependable in measuring different aspects

of police patrol effectiveness. For factors influencing patrol effectiveness in terms of

visibility and presence, we achieved a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.827, which was

considered good. Similarly, for factors related to community engagement and trust, our
 24

Cronbach's alpha value was 0.816, also indicating good reliability. When specifically

assessing the effectiveness of different patrol methods like foot, motorcycle, and

automobile patrols, our Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.815 to 0.811, all falling

within the good reliability range. However, for automobile patrol, the Cronbach's alpha

value was slightly lower at 0.759, which was still considered acceptable. Overall, these

results reassured us that our questionnaire was reliable in gauging perceptions and

opinions related to police patrol effectiveness in Manticao.

This questionnaire was pretested by 30 respondents to ensure clarity and

comprehensibility. This pretesting helped us refine the wording and structure of the

questionnaire to make it more understandable and user-friendly. As a result, the survey

questions were fine-tuned to accurately capture respondents' perceptions and opinions

regarding police patrol effectiveness.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

The data collection procedure for this research employed a systematic approach to

ensure comprehensive coverage of community members aged 18 and above at Barangay

Paniangan in the municipality of Manticao, Misamis Oriental. Initially, the research team

requested the list of names and addresses of potential respondents from the Barangay

office. Subsequently, the team utilized a door-to-door survey method, visiting each

household within the designated barangay. At each residence, the research team

introduced the study, sought informed consent, and administered the structured survey

instrument. This approach allowed for personal and direct interaction with the

respondents, ensuring a high response rate and minimizing potential biases. The

systematic visitation of each residence facilitated a thorough data collection process,

 25

enabling the quantitative analysis of the gathered information regarding street crime

patrol efficacy and crime prevention strategies in the Barangay of Paniangan.

3.6 Data Processing Methods

The data processing method for this research involved a structured and systematic

approach to transform the collected information into analyzable data. Upon completion of

the surveys, the research team organized and entered the quantitative responses into a

secure database. The data was coded and cleaned to address any inconsistencies or errors.

Subsequently, statistical software was employed to conduct quantitative analysis,

including descriptive statistics. The results were interpreted in the context of the research

objectives, offering a nuanced understanding of the efficacy of street crime patrol in

enhancing crime prevention strategies in Barangay Paniangan, Manticao, Misamis

Oriental. Rigorous data processing ensured the reliability and validity of the findings,

contributing valuable insights to the broader discourse on community policing and crime

prevention.

3.7 Statistical Analysis

The statistical analysis for this research employed various quantitative methods to

assess the efficacy of street crime patrol in Manticao. Descriptive statistics, such as

means and standard deviations, were calculated to summarize the central tendencies and

variations in respondents' perceptions of street crime patrol effectiveness. These

statistical analyses were instrumental in quantifying and understanding the dynamics

between key variables, providing a robust foundation for drawing conclusions regarding

the impact of street crime patrol on crime prevention in Barangay Paniangan, Manticao.
 26

3.8 FLOWCHART OF METHODOLOGY

Research Problem Aim

Objectives

Literature Review

Research Methodology

Data Collection

Data Processing

Analyze Data

Research Conclusion

Figure3. Flowchart of methodology

The research methodology flowchart outlined the systematic approach for

conducting a quantitative research study titled "Enhancing crime prevention strategies: a

comprehensive analysis of street crime patrol efficacy at Manticao."

Research Problem, Aim, and Objectives: The flowchart initiated with the

identification of the research problem, aims, and objectives. This foundational phase

played a critical role in directing the study towards the assessment and enhancement of

crime prevention strategies, with a particular focus on evaluating the efficacy of street
 27

crime patrols in Manticao. It set the overarching context for the research by delving into

the challenges and concerns related to crime prevention in the area.

Literature Review: The flowchart then advanced to the literature review phase,

which signified a comprehensive exploration of existing research and knowledge related

to crime prevention, street crime patrols, and their effectiveness. This examination

provided the study with a robust theoretical foundation, offering insights into the broader

academic context and the various factors, strategies, and findings that have shaped the

understanding of crime prevention and related concepts. The literature review played a

vital role in situating the study within the broader academic discourse.

Research Methodology: The methodology section, featured in the flowchart,

outlined the research design, data collection methods, and analytical techniques to be

employed. It signified a well-structured plan for conducting the study, meticulously

detailing the steps to be taken in the research process. This stage was where the research

strategy took shape, explaining the chosen methods, their rationale, and how they aligned

with the research objectives.

Data Collection: The flowchart then proceeded to the data collection phase,

explicitly indicating the practical steps involved in gathering data. This was where the

research moved from theory to practice, highlighting the specific actions required to

collect information. In this case, it involved the administration of surveys or data

collection instruments to the study's target respondents in Barangay Paniangan of

Manticao.

Data Processing: The flowchart further emphasized the data processing phase,

focusing on the organization and cleaning of the data collected. It underscored the
 28

importance of data integrity and accuracy by ensuring the secure entry of data into digital

databases. This phase was essential for data management and quality control, ensuring

that the information was ready for the subsequent analysis. It highlighted the attention to

detail required in handling the dataset.

Analyze Data: The flowchart reflected the statistical analysis stage, where data

were subjected to quantitative methods to draw meaningful insights. This included

calculating statistical measures like means, standard deviations to evaluate the

effectiveness of street crime patrols in Manticao. It was the phase where the research

findings were quantitatively examined and the research questions were addressed

empirically. The analysis phase played a crucial role in drawing conclusions from the

data collected.

Research Conclusion: The methodology flowchart culminated with the

presentation of research findings and their interpretation. It signified the moment when

insights into the efficacy of crime prevention strategies were drawn, and conclusions

were formulated, directly addressing the research objectives. This was where the research

moved from data-driven analysis to actionable insights. The conclusions provided a

bridge between the research's academic contributions and practical implications,

demonstrating the study's relevance and potential impact.

This flowchart represented a detailed and structured approach to conducting a

quantitative research study, offering a clear roadmap for enhancing crime prevention

strategies in Manticao through the analysis of street crime patrol efficacy.

29
 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the gathered data, the results of the statistical analysis, and

interpretation of data collected through questionnaires distributed. The data presented in

tables corresponding to the specific questions outlined in the statement of the problem.

Problem1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

Age;

Sex;

Occupation; and

Length of Residency?

Table 4.1

Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Age of the Respondents

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

18-23 years old 94 30
24-29 years old 53 17
30-35 years old 33 11
36-40 years old 79 26
41 yrs. old and above 49 16
Total 308 100

The majority of respondents in the study, accounting for 30%, fell within the age

range of 18 to 23 years old. This suggests that a significant portion of the surveyed

population comprises young adults. Analyzing this demographic trend, it indicates a

substantial representation of the youth demographic in the study. Consequently, the

findings imply a necessity for targeted crime prevention strategies that cater to the needs

and concerns of this age group. Implementing initiatives such as youth-focused

community engagement programs and educational campaigns may be particularly

 30

effective in addressing the crime-related challenges faced by young adults. According to

Indiana University (2024), younger individuals may perceive police patrol effectiveness

differently compared to older age groups, highlighting the importance of considering

demographic factors like age in crime prevention initiatives to address diverse

community needs and preferences.

On the other hand, the lowest frequency of respondents, at 11%, was observed in

the age group of 30 to 35 years old. This indicates a comparatively smaller proportion of

individuals in this age bracket within the surveyed population. Upon analysis, this

demographic pattern suggests a potential gap in participation among individuals in their

early thirties. Consequently, there may be a need to explore strategies to enhance

outreach and engagement with this demographic segment. Understanding their

perspectives and concerns regarding street crime patrol and crime prevention strategies

could be valuable for tailoring interventions to better meet their needs and preferences.

Based on the study of König, R. et al. (2018), older individuals are more likely to actively

refuse participation in surveys.

Table 4.2

Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Sex of the Respondents

Sex Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 155 50
Female 141 46
Prefer not to say 12 4
Total 308 100

The majority of respondents in the study, making up 50% of the total, were male.

This indicates that half of the surveyed population consists of men. Analyzing this data, it

suggests that males are significantly represented in the study, which may reflect their
 31

active participation in community matters or their greater availability during the survey

period. The implication of this finding is that crime prevention strategies should consider

the perspectives and needs of men, potentially focusing on programs that engage them in

proactive roles in community safety and crime prevention efforts. Rader, Nicole et., al.

(2019), suggest men are more willing to participate in certain types of research,

especially those involving greater than minimal risk.

The lowest frequency of respondents, at 4%, were those who preferred not to

disclose their sex. This small percentage indicates a minority within the surveyed

population who chose not to specify their gender. Analyzing this, it suggests that while

most respondents felt comfortable sharing their sex, a small group did not. The

implication here is that future surveys and community engagements should ensure

inclusivity and anonymity to make all participants feel safe and respected, thereby

encouraging more open and honest participation from everyone, regardless of their

willingness to disclose personal information. Michael Doh et al. (2019), states that

"prefer not to answer" option helps make the survey more inclusive and respectful of

respondents' privacy.
 32

Table 4.3

Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Occupation of the Respondents

Occupation Frequency Percentage (%)

Healthcare Professional 16 5
Educator 15 5
Office Clerk 25 8
Construction worker 54 18
Farmer 28 9
Student 76 25
Housewife 40 13
Driver 21 7
Store Owner 17 5
Police Officer 3 1
Unemployed 13 4
Total 308 100

The occupation with the highest frequency among the respondents is "Student,"

making up 25% of the total. This indicates that a quarter of the surveyed population

consists of students. Analyzing this data suggests that a significant portion of the

community is engaged in educational activities, likely reflecting a younger demographic.

The implication of this finding is that crime prevention strategies should consider the

unique needs and perspectives of students. Programs aimed at educating young people

about safety, creating safe routes to schools, and involving them in community safety

initiatives could be particularly beneficial. Balkin, S. et., al (2020), states that students are

more likely to participate in surveys compared to respondents with other occupations due

to having more time to observe in their community.

On the other hand, the occupation with the lowest frequency is "Police Officer,"

comprising only 1% of the respondents. This small percentage indicates that very few

survey participants are police officers. Analyzing this, it suggests that the insights and
 33

direct experiences of law enforcement are underrepresented in the data. The implication

here is that future surveys might benefit from targeted outreach to include more police

officers, ensuring their valuable perspectives on crime prevention are considered.

Additionally, fostering stronger connections between the police and the community could

improve collaboration and the overall effectiveness of crime prevention strategies.

Acquadro Maran et al. (2018), states that gaining access to police officers for research is

problematic as police leaders are often reluctant to allow researchers access to their

officers.

Table 4.4

Frequency and Percentage distribution on the Length of Residency of the Respondents

Length of Residency Frequency Percentage (%)

1year-5 years 29 9
6years-11 years 40 13
12years-15years 35 12
16years-20years 73 24
21 years and above 131 43
Total 308 100

The highest frequency of respondents in terms of length of residency is those who

have lived in Barangay Paniangan, Manticao for 21 years and above, with a frequency of

131, accounting for 43% of the total respondents. This significant percentage indicates

that a large portion of the community consists of long-term residents. This long-term

residency suggests a stable community with potentially deep-rooted relationships and a

strong sense of local identity. The implication is that these long-term residents may have

a profound understanding of the local issues and historical context of crime and policing

in their area, making them valuable sources of insight for developing effective crime

prevention strategies. Man Cheng et al. (2022) states that, residents with long term
 34

residency, regularly participate in community events, and are concerned about quality-of-

life issues are more likely to participate in surveys on crime prevention.

The lowest frequency of respondents in terms of length of residency is those who

have lived in Barangay Paniangan, Manticao for 1 to 5 years, with a frequency of 29,

representing 9% of the total respondents. This smaller percentage of newer residents may

indicate that fewer people are moving into the area or that new residents are still

integrating into the community. The implication is that these newer residents might have

less familiarity with local issues and may be less engaged with community initiatives,

including crime prevention programs. Efforts to integrate and engage new residents could

enhance community cohesion and bolster collective efforts towards improving local

safety and security. Based on the study of L. Tao et al., 2019), fewer residents may not

feel as invested in or connected to the community yet, reducing their motivation to

participate

Problem No. 2 What are the factors that influence the effectivity of police patrol for

crime prevention in terms of:

Visibility and Presence; and

Community Engagement and Trust?

 35

Table 4.5

Factors that Influence the effictivity of Police Patrol for Crime Prevention in Terms of

Visibility and Presence

Indicator Weighted Standard Description

Mean Deviatio
n
1. The presence of police officers in our community 4. 14 0.83 Agree
is noticeable.
2. I feel safer when I see police officers actively 4. 32 0.78 Strongly
patrolling our neighborhood. Agree
3. The frequency of police patrols in our community 4.26 0.80 Strongly
is sufficient. Agree
4. Police officers are visible during both daytime 4.21 0.89 Strongly
and nighttime in our area. Agree
5. The presence of police officers positively impacts 4.29 0.74 Strongly
the overall sense of security in our community. Agree
6. I believe that increased police visibility can deter 4.32 0.78 Strongly
criminal activities in our neighborhood. Agree
7. Police officers actively engage with residents 4.25 0.78 Strongly
during their patrols. Agree
8. I am confident that police presence contributes to 4.29 0.82 Strongly
a quick response in case of emergencies. Agree
9. Police officers actively participate in community 4.35 0.70 Strongly
events and engage with residents beyond their Agree
patrolling duties.
10. I believe that increased police visibility 4.47 0.72 Strongly
contributes to building trust between law Agree
enforcement and the community.
4. 35 0.78 Strongly
Over-all Agree

The overall findings show that the respondents strongly agree on the effectiveness

of police patrols in terms of visibility and presence, with a weighted mean of 4.35 and a

standard deviation of 0.78. This high level of agreement indicates that the community

members perceive police patrols as highly effective in enhancing their sense of security.

The implication is that visible and active police patrols are crucial in maintaining public
 36

safety and building trust between the police and the community. Effective patrol visibility

can deter criminal activities and ensure quick response in emergencies, thereby

contributing to a safer community. Based on the study of Borovec, K et al. (2019),

regular police patrols that are visible and approachable can help reduce fear of crime

among community members, making them feel safer

The highest overall finding is the belief that increased police visibility contributes

to building trust between law enforcement and the community, with a weighted mean of

4.47 and a standard deviation of 0.72. This suggests that the community places a high

value on police presence as a means to foster trust. The implication is that when police

officers are consistently visible and engaged with the community, it strengthens the

relationship between the public and law enforcement, leading to better cooperation and

mutual respect. Pridmore, J et al. (2019), examines that patrol officers who engage with

residents and become familiar figures in the community can build trust and cooperation

The lowest overall finding, though still positive, is the perception that the

presence of police officers in the community is noticeable, with a weighted mean of 4.14

and a standard deviation of 0.83. While the community agrees that police presence is

noticeable, it is slightly less strongly felt compared to other factors. The implication is

that there might be areas or times when police visibility could be further enhanced.

Increasing patrols or ensuring more consistent presence during all hours could address

this perception and further improve the community’s sense of security. Nanes M. J.

(2020) states that, some community members may feel that police visibility is not

noticeable in their neighborhoods. However, police visibility, when implemented

 37

effectively, can have several positive impacts on community perceptions and

engagement.

Table 4.6

Factors that Influence the Effectivity of Police Patrol for Crime Prevention in Terms of

Community Engagement and Trust

Indicator Weighted Standard Description

Mean Deviatio
n
1. I feel comfortable approaching and talking to 4.46 0.77 Strongly
police officers in our community. Agree
2. Police officers in our area actively participate in 4.45 0.65 Strongly
community events and activities. Agree
3. There is open communication between the police 4.49 0.68 Strongly
and residents regarding safety concerns. Agree
4. I trust that the police in our community are 4.44 0.67 Strongly
committed to maintaining public safety. Agree
5. I am aware of community programs initiated by 4.36 0.79 Strongly
the police to enhance safety and trust. Agree
6. Residents actively participate in neighborhood 4.20 0.83 Agree
watch programs facilitated by the police.
7. I believe that a strong bond between the police 4.29 0.82 Strongly
and community is essential for effective crime Agree
prevention.
8. Residents actively participate in community 4.37 0.76 Strongly
meetings organized by the police to discuss safety Agree
and security matters.
9. I believe that community engagement initiatives 4.47 0.70 Strongly
by the police positively impact the overall quality of Agree
life in our neighborhood.
10. The active engagement of police officers during 4.47 0.73 Strongly
patrols fosters a sense of trust and collaboration Agree
with the community.
4. 45 0.74 Strongly
Over-all Agree
 38

The overall findings show that respondents strongly agree on the importance of

community engagement and trust in the effectiveness of police patrols, with a weighted

mean of 4.45 and a standard deviation of 0.74. This indicates that the community

perceives strong engagement and open communication with police officers as critical for

effective crime prevention. The implication is that fostering a collaborative relationship

between the police and community members is essential in building trust and ensuring

public safety. Cherney, A. (2018) states that, when law enforcement officers promote

transparency, build trust, and become familiar with the various cultures of the

neighborhoods they serve, it helps bridge the gap between the community and law

enforcement.

The highest overall findings are the belief in open communication between the

police and residents regarding safety concerns and the active engagement of police

officers during patrols, both with a weighted mean of 4.49 and 4.47 respectively. This

suggests that the community highly values transparent communication and proactive

engagement from the police. The implication is that when police officers are open and

approachable, it enhances the residents' trust and cooperation, leading to more effective

crime prevention and a stronger sense of community. According to Schreurs, W et al.

(2019), law enforcement agencies use community policing services to improve

legitimacy and provide the means for individuals within a given community to work and

communicate with the police, it creates better relationships and public safety.

The lowest overall finding, though still positive, is the active participation of

residents in neighborhood watch programs facilitated by the police, with a weighted

mean of 4.20 and a standard deviation of 0.83. While residents agree that these programs
 39

are beneficial, there is slightly less enthusiasm compared to other engagement initiatives.

The implication is that there might be a need for increased promotion and support of

neighborhood watch programs to encourage more active participation, which could

further strengthen community-police collaboration and enhance overall safety. According

to Blair, G et al. (2021), community members with less engagement and trust towards

police officers can hinder effective policing and community safety.

Problem No.3 What is the level of effectiveness of the different patrol methods of

police officers in Manticao, in terms of:

Foot Patrol;

Motorcycle Patrol; and

Automobile Patrol

Table 4.7

Level of Effectiveness of the Different Patrol Methods of Police Officers in Manticao, in

Terms of Foot Patrol

Indicator Weighted Standard Description

Mean Deviatio
n
1. Foot Patrol as a visible and has a reassuring 3.62 1.20 Moderately
presence in our community. Effective
2. Foot Patrol contribution to a safer environment in 4.03 0.95 Moderately
the neighborhood. Effective
3. Police officers establishes closer connections 4.09 0.79 Moderately
with citizens through Foot Patrol. Effective
4. The frequency of Foot Patrol in our area is 4.01 0.91 Moderately
sufficient for effective crime prevention. Effective
5.Foot patrol makes the residents feel safe and 4.03 0.93 Moderately
secure. Effective
6. Police officers and community members gain 4.16 1.02 Moderately
positive relationship through foot patrol. Effective
 40

7. Foot Patrol is an essential aspect of community- 3.98 0.98 Moderately

oriented policing. Effective
8. The visibility of Foot Patrol deters criminal 3.97 0.98 Moderately
activities in our neighborhood. Effective
9. Foot Patrol enhances the sense of community 4.06 0.93 Moderately
safety and security. Effective
10. Foot Patrol positively contributes to the 4.05 0.94 Moderately
prevention of localized crime. Effective
4. 05 0.96 Moderately
Over-all Effective

The overall findings indicate that foot patrols are perceived as moderately

effective in Manticao, with an overall weighted mean of 4.05 and a standard deviation of

0.96. This suggests that while the community recognizes the positive impact of foot

patrols, there is still room for improvement. The implication is that enhancing the

visibility and frequency of foot patrols could further increase their effectiveness in crime

prevention and community engagement. According to Piza, E. L. (2018), foot patrols can

improve public confidence in the police and perceptions of crime and safety, but they

may not be enough on their own.

The highest overall finding is that foot patrols help police officers and community

members gain a positive relationship, with a weighted mean of 4.16 and a standard

deviation of 1.02. This indicates that foot patrols are particularly effective in building

trust and fostering closer connections between police officers and residents. The

implication is that maintaining and possibly increasing foot patrols can strengthen

community bonds and improve public safety through better cooperation and mutual trust.

Based on the study of Andresen, M et al. (2018), this approach to policing involves
 41

officers patrolling the streets on foot, bike, or horseback rather than in patrol cars, which

allows for a more personal and interactive presence in the community.

The lowest overall finding is the perception that foot patrols have a visible and

reassuring presence in the community, with a weighted mean of 3.62 and a standard

deviation of 1.20. Although still considered moderately effective, this lower score

suggests that residents feel the visibility of foot patrols could be enhanced. The

implication is that increasing the number and regularity of foot patrols may help improve

their visibility, thereby providing a greater sense of security and reassurance to the

community. Haberman, C et al. (2018) states that, the visibility of foot patrols can be

enhanced by increasing the number of foot patrols, which can reduce fear of crime and

enhance the feeling of safety in general.

Table 4.8

Level of Effectiveness of the Different Patrol Methods of Police Officers in Manticao, in

Terms of Motorcycle Patrol

Indicator Weighted Standard Description

Mean Deviatio
n
1. Motorcycle Patrol as a noticeable and efficient 3.70 1.08 Moderately
method for crime prevention in our community. Effective
2. Motorcycle Patrol as a suitable method for 4.10 0.80 Moderately
covering a larger area quickly and effectively. Effective
3. Motorcycle Patrol visibility contribute positively 4.04 0.88 Moderately
to the overall safety of our neighborhood. Effective
4. Motorcycle Patrol as an effective method in 4.06 0.91 Moderately
navigating various terrains and areas. Effective
5. Motorcycle Patrol makes resident feel safe as it is 4.07 0.85 Moderately
actively conducted in the community. Effective
6. Motorcycle Patrol enhances the speed and 4.10 0.87 Moderately
response time of law enforcement in emergencies. Effective
 42

7. Motorcycle Patrol as a well-suited for community 4.25 0.85 Highly

engagement and interaction. Effective
8. The use of Motorcycle Patrol positively impacts 4.23 0.74 Highly
the overall image and perception of law Effective
enforcement in our community.

9. Motorcycle Patrol effectively deters criminal 4.17 0.73 Moderately

activities during both daytime and nighttime. Effective
10. Motorcycle Patrol significantly contributes to 4.20 0.82 Moderately
the prevention of localized crime in the Effective
neighborhood.

4. 29 0.85 Highly
Over-all Effective

The overall findings indicate that motorcycle patrols are perceived as highly

effective in Manticao, with an overall weighted mean of 4.29 and a standard deviation of

0.85. This suggests that motorcycle patrols are well-regarded by the community for their

efficiency and visibility in crime prevention. The implication is that maintaining or

increasing motorcycle patrols can significantly enhance the sense of safety and

effectiveness of law enforcement in the area. Rengifo, Andres, et al. (2020) states that,

motorcycles can navigate through congested traffic and reach accident scenes more

quickly than patrol cars, allowing officers to respond to emergencies faster.

The highest overall finding is that motorcycle patrols are well-suited for

community engagement and interaction, with a weighted mean of 4.25 and a standard

deviation of 0.85. This indicates that motorcycle patrols are particularly effective in

facilitating direct interaction between police officers and residents, fostering better

relationships and trust. The implication is that leveraging motorcycle patrols for

community engagement can further strengthen community-police relations and improve

the overall perception of law enforcement. Based on the study of Braga, K. et., al. (2018),
 43

motorcycle officers can patrol areas inaccessible to larger vehicles, such as sidewalks,

paths, and fields.

The lowest overall finding is the perception of motorcycle patrols as a noticeable

and efficient method for crime prevention, with a weighted mean of 3.70 and a standard

deviation of 1.08. Although still considered moderately effective, this lower score

suggests that residents feel there is room for improvement in making motorcycle patrols

more noticeable and efficient in crime prevention. The implication is that increasing the

frequency and visibility of motorcycle patrols could enhance their effectiveness and the

community's sense of security. Trombini-Souza et al. (2018) suggest that, to enhance

their effectiveness, it is crucial to address issues like lack of police personnel, inadequate

facilities, and increasing crime rates, while also encouraging community participation to

support crime prevention efforts.

Table 4.9

Level of Effectiveness of the Different Patrol Methods of Police Officers in Manticao, in

Terms of Automobile Patrol

Indicator Weighted Standard Description

Mean Deviatio
n
1. Automobile Patrol is a visible and reassuring 4.25 0.83 Moderately
presence in our community. Effective
2. I believe Automobile Patrol contributes 4.30 0.76 Moderately
significantly to the overall deterrence of criminal Effective
activities.

3. The rapid response capability of Automobile 4.31 0.81 Highly

Patrol is crucial for handling emergency situations. Effective
4. Automobile Patrol is well-suited for covering a 4.28 0.78 Highly
larger area quickly and efficiently. Effective
5. Residents feel more secure knowing that 4.35 0.78 Highly
Automobile Patrol is actively conducted in our Effective
 44

community.

6. Automobile Patrol enhances the visibility and 4.23 0.94 Highly

accessibility of law enforcement in our community. Effective
7. Automobile Patrol as an effective method in 4.24 0.93 Highly
addressing and preventing traffic-related issues in Effective
the community

8. The use of Automobile Patrol positively 4.24 0.77 Highly

contributes to the overall sense of safety during Effective
nighttime.

9. Automobile Patrol as an essential component of a 4.35 0.80 Highly

comprehensive crime prevention strategy in our Effective
community.

10.Automobile Patrol significantly contributes to 4.33 0.86 Highly

reducing overall crime rates in the community. Effective
4. 29 0.83 Highly
Over-all Effective
The overall findings show that automobile patrols are considered highly effective

in Manticao, with an overall weighted mean of 4.29 and a standard deviation of 0.83.

This indicates that the community perceives automobile patrols as a reliable and efficient

method for crime prevention. The implication is that maintaining or increasing

automobile patrols can significantly enhance public safety and trust in law enforcement.

Mandel, A. (2019) examines that, police visibility through patrol car-related activities in

the community can actually increase fear of crime and negatively impact the public's

perception of the police.

The highest overall findings indicate that residents feel more secure knowing that

automobile patrols are actively conducted in their community and see them as an

essential component of a comprehensive crime prevention strategy, both with a weighted

mean of 4.35. This suggests that automobile patrols provide a strong sense of security and

are integral to effective crime prevention. The implication is that prioritizing automobile

patrols can strengthen the overall sense of safety and effectiveness of policing efforts in
 45

Manticao. According to Smith, R. K. et al. (2020), the presence of marked patrol vehicles

discourages criminal activity, as perpetrators are less likely to commit crimes when they

know the area is actively monitored.

The lowest overall finding is the perception of automobile patrols as a visible and

reassuring presence, with a weighted mean of 4.25. Although this score is still high, it

indicates that there is slightly less emphasis on the visibility aspect compared to other

factors. The implication is that increasing the visibility of automobile patrols could

further enhance their reassuring presence and effectiveness in the community, potentially

leading to even greater public confidence in law enforcement. Dau, P. et al. (2020)

suggest that, automobile patrols should be combined with other policing strategies like

problem-solving and community engagement, rather than relying on them alone.

Table 4.10

Summary of the over-all weighted mean on the Level of Effectiveness of the Different

Patrol Methods of Police Officers in Manticao

Variable Weighted Description

Mean
Foot Patrol Method 3.91 Moderately Effective
Motorcycle Patrol Method 4.29 Highly Effective
Automobile Patrol Method 4.29 Highly Effective

The overall findings indicate that both motorcycle and automobile patrol methods

are perceived as highly effective in Manticao, each with a weighted mean of 4.29. In

contrast, the foot patrol method is seen as moderately effective, with a weighted mean of

3.91. This suggests that while all patrol methods contribute to crime prevention,

motorized patrols are viewed as more effective by the community. The implication is that
 46

focusing resources on motorcycle and automobile patrols can enhance crime prevention

efforts and increase public safety more effectively. Braga K. et al. (2018), suggest that

motorcycle officers are visible, easily approachable, and can swiftly navigate through

obstacles, making them more effective in connecting with the community and deterring

crime.

The highest overall findings reveal that motorcycle and automobile patrol

methods are equally rated as highly effective, with a weighted mean of 4.29. This

indicates that these methods are highly valued for their ability to cover larger areas

quickly, respond rapidly to emergencies, and provide a strong visible presence. The

implication is that maintaining and potentially increasing the frequency of these patrols

can further bolster the community’s sense of security and trust in law enforcement. Zhang

B., et al. (2019) states that, the level of effectiveness of police patrol methods,

particularly automobile patrol, is still a topic of debate and research, with literature

showing inconsistencies in establishing clear quantitative crime deterrent effects.

The lowest overall finding is the foot patrol method, with a weighted mean of

3.91, categorized as moderately effective. While foot patrols are beneficial for

establishing close connections with residents and enhancing community engagement,

they may be perceived as less effective in terms of coverage and response time. The

implication is that while foot patrols should not be neglected, there may be a need to

integrate them with more motorized patrols to balance visibility and rapid response

capabilities, thus optimizing overall crime prevention strategies. Bloch, S. (2021)

examined that, foot patrols have disadvantages such as low mobility resulting in limited

coverage and low response time to telephone complaints.

 47

Problem No. 4 With the gathered data, what strategies and enhancement can be

suggested in order to obtain and maintain a highly effective patrol methods among

the police officers?

Based on the gathered data the program that the researchers recommend is the

"Angat na Hakbang Police Program" this aimed at enhancing community safety through

proactive foot patrols conducted by local law enforcement officers. The program involves

establishing police outposts located within barangay Paniangan, allowing officers to

conduct regular foot patrols and engage with residents to address safety concerns.

Officers will be equipped with communication devices and basic safety equipment,

enabling them to respond swiftly to emergencies and coordinate with fellow officers.

The program encourages community involvement by fostering partnerships

between law enforcement and residents. Residents are encouraged to report suspicious

activities or safety concerns to patrolling officers, facilitating timely intervention and

crime prevention. The program emphasizes the importance of building trust and positive

relationships between law enforcement and the community to ensure effective crime

prevention and response."Angat na Hakbang: Police Program" aims to create safer and

more secure neighborhoods by implementing proactive foot patrols and fostering

community engagement. By working together with residents and leveraging local

resources, law enforcement can effectively address safety concerns and enhance the

overall well-being of the community.

48
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the summary of the findings, conclusions, and

recommendations of the results obtained in this study.

5.1 Summary of the Results

Survey results were evident that motorcycle and automobile patrols were the most

effective ways of crime prevention in Barangay Paniangan, Manticao, Misamis Oriental.

Individuals embraced a method which, in their opinion, was the best way to talk to the

inhabitants, to prevent criminality, and to intervene quickly during accidents. 'Foot

patrols', on the contrary, weren't as effective. The residents would rather foot patrols were

more present to help them feel at ease. Through the survey, it became clear that there

should be a rise of motorbike or car patrols to ensure that Barangay Paniangan is safe.

Moreover, the survey indicated whether the police were as visible and

approachable in the community as they should be. People's attachment to this issue was

high because it was good for building trust as well as making people feel safe. One of the

proofs of this fact was the fact that the cooperation and the trust between the public and

the police worked in efficient policing since people wanted to engage with the police

without having worries or any reservations as they sought police services. Demographics

of this survey found that the students were the major workers. Others among the

respondents in the Barangays. There were residents in Paniangan who had stayed in the

community for even 21 years or so, thus, it showed their great understanding of the

community setting. Having seen these results, it was necessary to incorporate such factors
 49

as differing opinions and life experiences into crime prevention strategies, which should

consider the community's needs.

5.2 Summary of the Findings

1. The findings from the survey on factors that influenced the efficiency of police patrol

for crime prevention in terms of visibility and presence were very high, according to

respondents' reactions. They indicated that the visibility of police officers undoubtedly

guaranteed trust between people and law enforcement officers (mean score of 4.47). It

illustrated the fact that public officers needed to be visible in the booth, which was a

prerequisite for friendly community relations. Nonetheless, there was slightly discrepant

feedback (an average score of 4.14) related to the community's perception of police being

more present in our neighborhood. Therefore, the visibility of officers might have been

adjusted to maximize the trust of residents.

2. When it came to community engagement and trust and police patrol efficiency in crime

prevention, it was evident from the respondents' answers that open communication (mean

score 4.49), along with trust in police commitment (mean score 4.44), was highly rated.

These findings showed that efficient working of trust and communication in policing

created a positive community-policing relationship. Yet, there was still a significant

difference (mean score of 4.20) in the number of residents who engaged in neighborhood

watch programs, which, in a sense, were the areas for encouragement that citizens needed

for the effective efforts of the crime prevention program.

3. Regarding the level of performance of different patrol strategies, foot patrol was just of

moderate level, its maximum value being (4.16) that had been noticed to build positive

relationships between police officers and community members. This, additionally, could
 50

be addressed by creating a well-defined visibility strategy and assuring the customers of

our presence (lowest mean score of 3.62). It meant stakeholders of the foot patrol should

consider enlarging their patrol capacity that would make them relatable and effective.

4. Mostly, the role of motorcycle patrol was deemed simple and direct as it provided

active communication with the public (mean score of 4.25), as well as being an effective

support to the operation in a community of the police department (mean score of 4.23). It

demonstrated the notion of motorcycle patrol in crime prevention because it balanced

community policing by fulfilling many aspects of crime prevention, mostly in community

relations.

5. However, motorcycle patrol seemed to be very effective with most community

members strongly agreeing that it suppressed criminal activity (mean score of 4.30) and

had quick response capability (mean score of 4.31). Such results revealed the efficacy of

automobile patrol in fighting crime and pointed at how efficient it was when it came to

crime prevention.

5.3 Conclusions

The researchers conclude that this study brought out a light of factors influencing

the effectiveness of police and police patrol for crime prevention in Barangay Paniangan.

The study results clearly showed a high rating among the crowd, indicating that police

visibility, community engagement, and confidence-building are the keys to better

security. Here, we can explain the importance of developing relationships between police

and locals, which could be a key factor in creating a safer society. In addition, the study

stressed the utility of different patrolling styles, including motorcycle as well as

automobile patrol, which pursued a variety of activities to control crime. This contributes
 51

significantly to the goal of crime prevention, community unification, and raising

awareness of neighborhood residents' safety. While there were several gaps in foot patrol

efficiency, especially in terms of visibility and overall presence, there were some

measures that could be employed here.

This research emphasizes the need to implement multifaceted ways of policing. In

this process, there should be more visible patrol teams that build trust with locals. By

focusing on neighborhood partnership, reliability, and resourceful patrolling systems,

police departments would be able to improve community safety and quality of life within

Barangay Paniangan. Generating such information would thus enable the county to

develop effective crime prevention strategies and policy measures that are sensitive to the

cultural and social diversity of the community, with the aim of creating a safer and more

resilient region.

5.4 Recommendations

The researchers recommend the following;

1. For the Students. Involving students in community safety initiatives would be a great

idea. One may try neighborhood watch programs or student-led patrols to instill a sense

of responsibility and then to work towards preventing the crime. As a result, this can

derive the high-value learning occasions and establish civic engagement among students.

2. Parents and guardians. Communicate to them for them to be informed that

community policing is an effective strategy and let them engage in security

matters. Achieving communication openly between parents, law enforcement and

community contributors would get trust created and safety measures implemented.
 52

3. For the Community. Motivate the establishment of a culture of collaborations and

support among the people by actively participating in community policing

activities. Request residents to alert authorities of any unusual activities, attend

neighborhood meetings and support police programs relating to enhancing safety in the

neighborhood.

4. Police officers. May use foot patrols or appoint the police as in crucial places to ensure

that the community can openly interact and access the law enforcement officers. Through

this, we can bolster those police-community relationships, prevent criminal acts, and

make response faster to emergencies.

5. For the Future Researches. May add more aspects which can affect the efficiency of

the commencing methods like socioeconomic, geographical or cultural

influences. Continuous research may give a chance to analyze crime prevention methods

in a profound way and may help in taking policies and decisions upon them in a future.
 53

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 57

APENDIX A. Survey Questionnaire of the Study

Street Crime Patrol Efficacy Survey Questionnaire

Name (Optional): Occupation: _____________

Age: ________ Length of Residency:______
Sex: [ ] Male [ ] Female [ ] Prefer not to say

PART I
Instructions: Please rate your agreement with the following statements on a scale of 1 to
5, where 5 represent "Strongly Agree" and 1 represents "Strongly Disagree."
Scale:
5- Strongly Agree. 3-Neutral
4- Agree. 2- Disagree
1- Strongly Disagree
QUESTIONS SCALE
Visibility and Presence 5 4 3 2 1
1. The presence of police officers in our community is noticeable.
2. I feel safer when I see police officers actively patrolling our
neighborhood.
3. The frequency of police patrols in our community is sufficient.
4. Police officers are visible during both daytime and nighttime in
our area.
5. The presence of police officers positively impacts the overall
sense of security in our community.
6. I believe that increased police visibility can deter criminal
activities in our neighborhood.
7. Police officers actively engage with residents during their patrols.
8. I am confident that police presence contributes to a quick
response in case of emergencies.
9. Police officers actively participate in community events and
engage with residents beyond their patrolling duties.
10. I believe that increased police visibility contributes to building
trust between law enforcement and the community.
Community Engagement and Trust
 58

1. I feel comfortable approaching and talking to police officers in

our community.
2. Police officers in our area actively participate in community
events and activities.
3. There is open communication between the police and residents
regarding safety concerns.
4. I trust that the police in our community are committed to
maintaining public safety.
5. I am aware of community programs initiated by the police to
enhance safety and trust.
6. Residents actively participate in neighborhood watch programs
facilitated by the police.
7. I believe that a strong bond between the police and community is
essential for effective crime prevention.
8. Residents actively participate in community meetings organized
by the police to discuss safety and security matters.
9. I believe that community engagement initiatives by the police
positively impact the overall quality of life in our neighborhood.
10. The active engagement of police officers during patrols fosters a
sense of trust and collaboration with the community.

PART II
Instructions: Please rate your agreement with the following statements on a scale of 1 to
5, where 5 represent "Highly Effective" and 1 represents "Highly Ineffective."
Scale:
5- Highly Effective 3- Effective
4- Maternity Effective 2- Ineffective
1- Highly Ineffective
Effectiveness of Different Patrol Methods
QUESTIONS SCALE
Foot Patrol 5 4 3 2 1
1. Foot Patrol as a visible and has reassuring presence in the
community.
2. Foot Patrol contribution to a safer environment in our
neighborhood.
3. Police officers establishes closer connection with the citizens
through Foot Patrol.
4. The frequency of Foot Patrol in our area is sufficient for effective
crime prevention.
5. Foot Patrol makes the residents feel safe and secure.
6. Police officers and community members gain positive
relationship through foot patrol.
7. Foot patrol as an essential aspect of community-oriented
policing.
8. The visibility of Foot Patrol deters criminal activities in our
 59

neighborhood.
9. Foot Patrol enhances the sense of community safety and security.
10. Foot Patrol positively contributes to the prevention of localized
crime.
Motorcycle Patrol
1. Motorcycle Patrol as a noticeable and efficient method for crime
prevention in our community.
2. Motorcycle Patrol as a suitable method for covering a larger area
quickly and effectively.
3. Motorcycle Patrol visibility contributes positively to the overall
safety of our neighborhood.
4. Motorcycle Patrol as an effective method in navigating through
various terrains and areas.
5. Motorcycle Patrol makes resident feel safe as it is actively
conducted in the community.
6. Motorcycle Patrol enhances the speed and response time of law
enforcement in emergencies.
7. Motorcycle Patrol as a well-suited for community engagement
and interaction.
8. The use of Motorcycle Patrol positively impacts the overall
image and perception of law enforcement in our community.
9. Motorcycle Patrol effectively deters criminal activities during
both daytime and nighttime.
10. Motorcycle Patrol significantly contributes to the prevention of
localized crime in the neighborhood.
Automobile Patrol
1. Automobile Patrol is a visible and reassuring presence in our
community.
2. I believe Automobile Patrol contributes significantly to the
overall deterrence of criminal activities.
3. The rapid response capability of Automobile Patrol is crucial for
handling emergency situations.
4. Automobile Patrol is well-suited for covering a larger area
quickly and efficiently.
5. Residents feel more secure knowing that Automobile Patrol is
actively conducted in our community.
6. Automobile Patrol enhances the visibility and accessibility of law
enforcement in our community.
7. Automobile Patrol as an effective method in addressing and
preventing traffic-related issues in our neighborhood.
8. The use of Automobile Patrol positively contributes to the overall
sense of safety during nighttime.
9. Automobile Patrol as an essential component of a comprehensive
crime prevention strategy in our community.
10. Automobile Patrol significantly contributes to reducing overall
crime rates in our neighborhood.
 60

Please provide any additional comments or suggestions for improving street crime patrol
in Manticao
APENDIX B. Consent Letter
 61

DOCUMENTATION
Date: February 21, 2024
Data Collection
 62

CURRICULUM VITAE

MADJOS, JONACHERYL M.
Pagawan, Manticao, Misamis Oriental 9024
+639606263166
jonamadjos@gmail.com

PERSONAL OBJECTIVES

1. To finish my degree in Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

2. To become a license professional criminologist.
3. To obtain additional skills and knowledge prior to police practices and other
agency in the field of work.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY: INITAO COLLEGE (IC)

P-2A Jampason, 9022 Initao, Misamis Oriental,
Philippines
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: MANTICAO SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Pagawan, Manticao, Misamis,
Oriental, Philippines
S.Y. 2020-2021
HIGH SCHOOL: MANTICAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pagawan 9024 Manticao, Misamis
Oriental, Philippines
S.Y. 2018-2019
ELEMENTARY: PAGAWAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Pagawan, Manticao, Misamis, Oriental Philippines
S.Y. 2014-2015
AWARDS RECEIVED, Participations and Recognitions

VELIDICTORIAN, S.Y. 2014-2015

WITH HONOR, S.Y. 2017-2018
MANTICAO DISTRICT IMPROMPTU MATH-SCI RESEARCH REPRESENTATIVE
SKIILLS

1. Computer Literate: Microsoft Word/ WPS Office, Excel and Powerpoint

2. Good decision-making skills, able to see the current situation and select the best action.
BACKGROUND REFERENCES
1. Mrs. Charlene B. Negosa, MSCJ
Program Dean, Criminology, IC
2. Trisha Jane G. Diron, RCRIM
Research Adviser
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CURRICULUM VITAE

DAGAYA, DANIEL JR. O.

Upper Talacogon, Lugait, Misamis Oriental 9025
+639655715102
daniel.dagaya2019@gmail.com

PERSONAL OBJECTIVES
4. To finish my degree in Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
5. To become a licensed professional criminologist.
6. To obtain additional skills and knowledge prior to police practices and other
agency in the field of work.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY: INITAO COLLEGE (IC)

P-2A Jampason, 9022 Initao, Misamis Oriental,
Philippines
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: LUGAIT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Lugait, Manticao, Misamis,
Oriental, Philippines
S.Y. 2020-2021
HIGH SCHOOL: LUGAIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Lugait 9025 Manticao, Misamis
Oriental, Philippines
S.Y. 2018-2019
ELEMENTARY: TALACOGON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Talacogon, Lugait, Misamis, Oriental Philippines
S.Y. 2014-2015
AWARDS RECEIVED, Participations and Recognitions

LNHS SSG P.I.O., S.Y. 2018-2019

BKD VICE PRES. S.Y. 2018-2019
BOYS SCOUT MEMBER 2017-2019
DSPC NEWS ANCHOR 2019
WITH HONOR S.Y. 2018-2019
SKIILLS
1. Leadership
2. Time Management
3. Good decision-making skills, able to see the current situation and select the best action.
BACKGROUND REFERENCES
1. Mrs. Charlene B. Negosa, MSCJ
Program Dean, Criminology, IC
2. Trisha Jane G. Diron, RCRIM
ResearchAdviser
 64

CURRICULUM VITAE

MEGALBIO, REGINE MAE PERATER

P-4B Tuod, Manticao, Misamis Oriental 9024
+639462458663
reginemaemegalbio@gmail.com
PERSONAL OBJECTIVES

1. To finish my degree in Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

2. To become a license professional criminologist.
3. To have my own business
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY: INITAO COLLEGE (IC)

P-2A Jampason, 9022 Initao, Misamis Oriental,
Philippines
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: CABALANTIAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
(CNHS)
Paradise 2 Cabalantian, 9024 Manticao, Misamis,
Oriental, Philippines
S.Y. 2020-2021
HIGH SCHOOL: CABALANTIAN NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL
(CNHS)
Paradise 2 Cabalantian, 9024 Manticao, Misamis
Oriental, Philippines
S.Y. 2018-2019
ELEMENTARY: MARAPANGE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
P- 2 Marapange, Kibawe, Bukidnon
S.Y. 2014-2015
AWARDS RECEIVED, Participations and Recognitions

1st Honorable Mention (MES), S.Y. 2014-2015

WITH HONOR, and Conduct Award (CNHS), S.Y. 2018-2019
WITH HONOR, S.Y. 2020-2021
SKIILLS

1. Computer Literate: Microsoft Word/ WPS Office, Excel and Powerpoint

2. Problem-solving skills that helps to determine the source of a problem and
quickly find an effective solution.
BACKGROUND REFERENCES
1. Mrs. Charlene B. Negosa, MSCJ
Program Dean, Criminology, IC
2.Trisha Jane G. Diron, RCRIM
ResearchAdvise
 70

CURRICULUM VITAE

DAGANIO, JOHN ALVIN DUZON

P-SAMPAGUITA B, Calangahan , Lugait, Misamis Oriental 9025
+639269662865
inuyashalvin@gmail.com

PERSONAL OBJECTIVES

1. To finish my degree in Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

2. To become a license professional criminologist.
3. To obtain additional skills and knowledge prior to police practices and other
agency in the field of work.
4. To become a outstanding law enforcer.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY: INITAO COLLEGE (IC)

P-2A Jampason, 9022 Initao, Misamis Oriental,
Philippines
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL: LUGAIT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL (LUSHS)
P-Rizal Poblacion, 9025 Lugait, Misamis Oriental,
Philippines
S.Y. 2017 - 2018
HIGH SCHOOL: LUGAIT NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (LNHS)
P-RIZAL Poblacion, Lugait 9025 Lugait, Misamis
Oriental, Philippines
S.Y. 2014- 2015
ELEMENTARY: LUGAIT CENTRAL SCHOOL ( LCS)
P-Rizal Poblacion, Lugait, Misamis Oriental
S.Y 2010-2011

AWARDS RECEIVED, Participations and Recognitions

Cadet Officer Qualifying Course COQC Class 01-2022.

28-Hours Computer Literacy Enhancement and Development Program
WITH HONOR, Excellence Academic (LUSHS), S.Y. 2018
SYMPOSIA AND SEMINARS ATTENDED

DRUG AWARENESS SYMPOSIUM

headed by PNP-LUGAIT, held at Lugait Covered Court on August 2017
FIRE PREVENTION AND AWARENESS SYMPOSIUM
Headed by BFP-Lugait, held at LUSHS on March 2018
 71

FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT SEMINAR

headed by NDRRMO Lugait, held at Lugait Plaza, on July 18, 2017

SKIILLS

1. Computer Literate: Microsoft Word/ WPS Office, Excel and Powerpoint

2. Can do fabricate Sliding windows
3. Can do video editing

BACKGROUND REFERENCES

1. Jefferson A. Monteroyo, MSCrim

Instructor, Criminology, IC
jeffersonamparadomonteroyo@gmail.com
2. Mia Melody D. Ramoso, Rcrim, L.P.T
Instructor
3. Christian Allen A. Pacanut, RChT, RChE
Instructor/Research Adviser, IC
chrizettelaine@gmail.com