AS2316

COURSE REVIEW
Drawing is a powerful tool to use because it always helps in the discovery of the best solutions and answers
to a design problem. Additionally, it aids in producing the designed product as closely as feasible to its ideal
result. Drawing will, therefore, always be a crucial component in the design and development process. To
become a good designer in the future, this discipline must be learned through experience.

Tone and Value

Drawing an object involves more than just drawing the object itself; it also involves drawing the impact of light
on the object. For instance, a sphere in direct sunshine will appear different than a sphere in a room with
candlelight. Every scenario would produce a radically distinct drawing.
Parts of Light and Shadow in a Drawing

Image retrieved from Combs, J. & Hoddinott, B. (2011). Drawing for Dummies.

• Light Source – The direction a dominant light
comes from is called the light source. The
location of the light source determines where
to position all the light values and shadows,
which in turn influences the scene and
atmosphere of the drawing.
• Direct Light – The majority of light values. Any
area of an object that directly receives light
from the source refers to direct light.
• Highlight – The lightest light value.
• Shadow – The majority of dark values.
• Core Shadow – Refers to a band of shadow
that only surrounds spherical and cylindrical
objects.
• Reflected Light – Any light that bounces off the
surface and casts a shadow.
• Contact Shadow – An extremely thin, dark
shadow that forms between an object and
anything it touches, such as the surface on
which it rests.
• Cast Shadow – The shadow cast onto a surface
as a result of anything blocking the light from
hitting it.

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Texture and Detail

There are many diverse textures in the world for an artist to depict, but the majority of them fit into one of
the following groups:

• Smooth – Smooth surface doesn’t feel uneven
or rough when you run your hand over them.
The surfaces of smooth textures might be dull
and matte or shining and soft.
• Rough – Rough surfaces feel uneven, irregular
or jagged. These surfaces can be compared to a
cheese grater, a piece of coarse sandpaper, or a
piece of tree bark.
• Matte – Matte surfaces frequently include extra
textural qualities, such as being smooth or
rough; they are dull and lusterless.
• Shiny – Shiny surfaces have a glossy or highly
polished appearance; highlights that reflect off
the surface give them away.
• Glistening – Glistening surfaces can be
distinguished by their immense highlights,
which appear sparkly and occasionally wet.
• Furry, fuzzy, fluffy, and hairy – Human hair and
animal fur can be soft or coarse, long or short,
thick or thin, wavy or straight.
• Grassy – Grassy textures resemble those of hair
or fur. They may be long, short, wavy, sparse,
dense, fine, or coarse.

Projection Drawing
To express thoughts and the physical description of a range of shapes, all sorts of technical work required the
use of a two-dimensional surface. Projection has been classified into two (2) basic types in this section: pictorial
and multi-view. This straightforward distinction distinguishes between single-view projections (oblique,
perspective, and isometric) and multi-view projections (orthographic).

Pictorial Projection
It is frequently important to make drawings that are exact and scientifically correct, as well as those that are
easily understood by people who lack technical experience. This pictorial projection depicts numerous faces
of an object at once as they seem to the viewer.

Oblique
Oblique drawings are created by sketching one
plane of the item (the front) parallel to the drawing
surface. The angle of the side or other visible
component of the object is usually 30° or 45°. Take
note that just one side is at an angle.

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Perspective
Perspective drawing is the most realistic type of
drawing. To generate visual depth, artists employ
one-point perspective, two-point perspective, and
three-point perspective.

Isometric
Because isometric drawings have less distortion
than oblique drawings, they are more commonly
utilized in industry. Both visible surfaces of an
isometric drawing are rendered at 30° angle. They
best portray what is being created and how it will
appear from various angles with a single drawing.

Orthographic Projection
The term "orthographic projection" refers to drawings with three (3) viewpoints. The top, front, and right sides
are frequently chosen as the three viewpoints. The top, front, and right sides are often visible to the person
reading the prints. Because orthographic projection does not depict depth, the object depicted above will
appear flat.

Image retrieved from https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/blueprint/chapter/unit-2-visualization/

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Perspective Drawing
The rules of perspective allow you to give a two-dimensional drawing the appearance of three dimensions. A
fundamental understanding of the essential points of perspective will substantially improve your drawing
ability since you will be able to give the spectator the idea that some components of the picture are closer
while others recede into the distance, producing the illusion of realism.

One-point Perspective

Image retrieved from https://artincontext.org/one-point-perspective-drawing/

One-point perspective is the most basic and evident type of perspective, in which all the lines in the landscape
appear to diminish to a single point directly in front of your view on the distant horizon. All objects fall along
a plane that flows directly into a single vanishing point when viewed from a single point. This means that if we
draw lines, they will all flow into a single vanishing point, and it is this single vanishing point that defines a one-
point perspective.

Two-point Perspective

Image retrieved from https://artincontext.org/two-point-perspective-drawing/

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A two-point perspective is used when there is enough height and structure in nearby objects, such as buildings,
to require two vanishing points at the extreme ends of the horizon line. You can visualize the three-
dimensional effect of structures using a two-point perspective to give your image believable solidity and depth.

Image retrieved from https://artincontext.org/perspective-drawing/#Three-Point_Perspective

Three-point Perspective

You will need to use a three-point perspective when drawing buildings with a large width and height. To aid in
generating the appearance of lofty buildings, the two vanishing points on the horizon are connected by a third
that is fixed above the higher building.

References
New Brunswick Community College and Camosun College. (2023). Technically Drawn. Victoria, BC: New Brunswick Community College.
Combs, J., & Hoddinott, B. (2011). Drawing for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Matthyssen, M. (2023, February 17). One Point Perspective Drawing – Learn to Draw Perspective Art. Retrieved from Art In Context:
https://artincontext.org/one-point-perspective-drawing
Matthyssen, M. (2023, May 8). Two-Point Perspective Drawing – An Easy Step-by-Step Guide. Retrieved from Art In Context:
https://artincontext.org/two-point-perspective-drawing
OpenOregon. (2019). Basic Blueprint Reading. Linn-Benton Community College.

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