CBRN ORIENTATION

OPERATIONS

ANTHRAX RESPONSE AT US
EMBASSY
(2009)
 OPERATIONS

AMMONIA EXPLOSION AND LEAK

(2021)
Trainings
 POLICIES
EO 56
Bureau of Fire Protection as the primary responder for Hazardous
Material
RA 11589
• BFP Modernization Act
Section 3 para B - Containment of hazardous materials (HAZMAT),
chemical biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE)
materials
Section 3 para H - Conduct training of its personnel and officers in
HAZMAT, CBRNE, and other operations
Section 4 para D - Establishment of a Search and Rescue Force,
HAZMAT units, Fire and Arson Investigation Unit, and Security and
Protection Unit in every region and city,
 HAZMAT
§ANY MATTER (SOLID, GAS OR LIQUID) OR ENERGY THAT WHEN RELEASED IS
CAPABLE OF CREATING HARM TO PEOPLE, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND PROPERTY,
INCLUDING WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION (WMD), AS WELL AS ANY OTHER
CRIMINAL USE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, SUCH AS ILLICIT LABS,
ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES, OR INDUSTRIAL SABOTAGE.
CBRNE/WMD
§ANY WEAPON OR MATERIAL THAT IS DESIGNED TO CAUSE DEATH OR SERIOUS
INJURY OR DAMAAGE TO BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, OR THE ENVIRONMENT SUCH
AS AN EXPLOSIVE OR INCENDIARY BOMB, ROCKET, OR GRENADE; CONTAINING OR
DELIVERING A TOXIC OR DANGEROUS CHEMICAL; BIOLOGICAL AGENT, TOXIN, OR
VECTORS; OR A WEAPON THAT IS DESIGNED TO RELEASE DANGEROUS LEVELS OF
RADIATION
* NFPA 470
 “ALL CBRNE/WMD ARE
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL, BUT NOT
ALL HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ARE
CBRNE/WMD”
 HAZMAT/CBRN INCIDENTS
NOT THE SAME AS FIRE SUPPRESSION OR OTHER “NORMAL” EMERGENCY
OPERATIONS
NATURE OF THE HAZARD REQUIRES DIFFERENT PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT,
OPERATIONAL APPROACHES, SKILLS AND ATTITUDES
SEVERITY, COMPLEXITY, SCENE MANAGEMENT AND SECONDARY DEVICES OR
ATTACKS
TO SAFELY RESPOND, YOU HAVE TO BE TRAINED AND MENTALLY PREPARED
 LEVEL OF TRAININGS
SPECIALIST

ADVISERS
TECHNICIAN

OFFENSIVE
OPERATIONAL
DEFENSIVE
AWARENESS
ISOLATION
 FACT

“HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS/ CBRN
PRECURSORS ARE
EVERYWHERE AND
THEY ARE ALWAYS
DANGEROUS”
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE/ INTENTIONAL
RELEASE/ THEFT
 LOCATION ACCIDENTAL RELEASE
FIXED SITE TRANSIT Workers dropped 2
bottles of a toxic chemical
from a loading dock as
they were transferring to
a truck. Approximately 4
liter s of chemicals
spilled, and 400 to 500
personnel evacuated the
facility
ROAD STOP A tanker truck spilled
20,000 liters of chlorine at
a truck stop along SLEX,
which flowed along the
ditch of the highway
INTENTIONAL RELEASE
Tamper-evident seals of two
trailers were cut, which
resulted in an environmental
release of 4,000 liters of
flammable liquid. The liquid
spilled at the nearby
community, requiring
evacuation of the public
Emergency responders
discovered that a trailer of
chlorine was leaking due to a
puncture, the puncture was
suspected intentional
THEFT
A truck with 335 kg of
strong acid stolen while
parked at a chemical
distribution company.
Motivation for the theft is
unknown.
A closed van was stolen
in the parking lot of a
pesticide factory and was
found abandoned
several days later.
Missing, unaccounted
cargo included
weaponizable
rodenticide
 LOCATION ACCIDENTAL RELEASE
IN – TRANSIT/ A truck spilled approximately
DETOUR/ CHOKE 1,000 liters of corrosive
POINT material on a bridge after its
load shifted, resulting in a
punctured container. The
material spilled at a nearby
river, causing restriction on the
use of water in the river.
TRANSFER A release of toxic gas
occurred when a delivery
truck inadvertently
connected to a tank
containing incompatible
material. The mixture
generated plume of toxic
gas, resulting to a shelter-in
order to nearby community.
INTENTIONAL RELEASE
Upon arrival to a delivery site, a
driver noticed that the trailer had
been struck with a bullet. The
bullet pierced the tank, resulting in
leakage of gasoline onto concrete
A hose on a portable 110,000
liter tank of a toxic industrial
chemical was intentionally cut,
resulted to a release that
hospitalized a police officer and
the closure of a highway for 30
minutes.
THEFT
While in a transit to a mining
customer, a truck carrying 10
tons of toxic chemical was
stolen. The thieves distracted
the driver for asking help on
their disabled vehicle. The
truck was found empty; the
chemical was recovered
elsewhere. Motivation for the
heist was unknown
22 different chemicals were
stolen while awaiting
transfer at an industrial
park. Drivers and custodial
staff were among he
individuals arrested as part
of the theft.
CHEMICAL AGENTS
CHEMICAL AGENT
• It refers to chemical warfare agents or any
industrial or household chemicals that may be
used by terrorists groups or criminal elements
as weapon or a means of doing harm,
destruction in huge portion1
• It is any substances that have the ability to
create a physical or health hazard are
considered hazardous. Due to their properties
chemical hazardous substances may be, but are
not limited to being toxic, explosive, flammable,
self-reactive, oxidizing, or corrosive2

1BFP Operational Manual

2CDC.gov
CHEMICAL AGENT
6 MAIN CLASSES
1. NERVE AGENT
2. BLISTER AGENT
3. BLOOD AGENT
4. CHOKING AGENT
5. TOXIC INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS/MATERIALS

*Advance HAZMAT Life Support

NERVE AGENT
• Highly poisonous chemicals that work by
preventing the nervous system from working
properly, also known as organophosphate
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
D.U.M.B.B.E.L.S S.L.U.D.G.E
DIARRHEA
URINATION SALIVATION
MIOSIS (PINPONT PUPILS) LACRIMATION
BRADYCARDIA URINATION
BRONCHOSPASM DEFECATION
EMESIS GASTROENTERITIS
LACRIMATION EMESIS
SALIVATION/ SEIZURES
NERVE AGENT

1BFP Operational Manual

2CDC.gov
BLISTER AGENT
• Chemicals that severely blister the eyes, respiratory
tract, and skin on contact.
• Oily liquid with a range of colors from colorless to violet-
black, green, amber, yellow-brown or dark brown.
• Mustard-like (GARLIC) odor
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- Immediate irritation of skin, eyes, nose and lungs
- Burns and blisters exposed tissue
- Damages respiratory and gastrointestinal if inhaled
and ingested
- Serious symptoms may appear 1 to 24 hours.
TYPES OF BLISTER
AGENT:
• SULFUR NUSTARD
• NITROGEN MUSTARD
• LEWESITE
• MUSTARD-LEWESITE
MIXTURE
BLOOD AGENT
• Chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that
affects bodily functions by preventing the normal
utilization of oxygen by body tissues.
• Fast-Acting, lethal poison, CYANIDES

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Rapid breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Convulsions
- Cardiac arrest
- Coma
CHOKING AGENT
• a chemical weapon agent designed to impede a victim's
ability to breathe. They operate by causing a build-up of
fluids in the lungs, which then leads to suffocation.
• Also known as PULMONARY AGENT

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

- Difficulty breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Asphyxiation
- Oxygen deficiency
TYPES OF CHOKING AGENT:
• CHLORINE GAS
• NITROGEN OXIDE
• PHOSGENE
• HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
 TOXIC INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL (TIC)/
TOXIC INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL (TIM)
• Industrial chemicals that are manufactured, stored,
transported, and used throughout the world.
• They can be chemical hazards (e.g., carcinogens, reproductive
hazards, corrosives, or agents that affect the lungs or blood)
or physical hazards (e.g., flammable, combustible, explosive,
or reactive
TOKYO SUBWAY SARIN GAS ATTACK 1995 HALABJA CITY GAS ATTACK 1988

GUYANA, SOUTH AMERICA 1978

Bioterrorism
BIOTERRORISM
• Defines as the threatened use or the use of
biological agents to produce terror, disease and or
death by individuals or groups who are motivated
by political, religious, ideological, ecological, or
other objectives.
• Biological agents can be classified in to 3
categories:
§ Categories A
§ Categories B
§ Categories C
VIRUS

EBOLA VIRUS

SMALLPOX

MACHUPO
BACTERIA

PLAGUE
ANTHRAX
 TOXINS

RICIN/ Castor Bean CURCIN/ Tuba-tuba ABRIN/ Rosary Pea


CATEGORY A
- Highest risk to national
security to national
security
- HIGH MORTALITY
RATE
- Easily transmitted
- Bacillus anthracis,
Clostridium Botulinum,
plague, Tularemia,
Ebola Virus
Airborne, Contact with infected droplet, Direct contact, Indirect contact, Ingestion,
BIOLOGICAL AGENT
CATEGORY B CATEGORY C
- Moderate easy to - Readily available
disseminate - Easily to produce and
- Moderate morbidity disseminate
- Low mortality - Potential for high
- Ricin, Brucellosis, morbidity and mortality
Glanders, Q Fever - Yellow Fever,
Tuberculosis, Rabies
TRANSMISSION:
Vectors
BIOLOGICAL AGENT
RADIOLOGICAL AGENTS
RADIO-NUCLEAR
• Radioactive materials released that have adverse
health effects. Radiation emergencies may be
intentional or unintentional.
Intentional acts can include:
• Contaminating food and water with radioactive material
• Spreading radioactive material into the environment
§ Using conventional explosives (e.g., dynamite) – this is called a
dirty bomb
§ Using wind currents or natural traffic patterns
• Bombing or destroying a nuclear reactor
• Causing nuclear material to spill while in transit
• Exploding a nuclear weapon
RADIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE DEVICE (RED)
RADIOLOGICAL DISPERSAL DEVICE (RDD)
NUCLEAR SABOTAGE
IMPROVISED NUCLEAR DEVICE
NUCLEAR WEAPON
 RADIOLOGICAL/NUCLEAR
(RED) (RDD) NUCLEAR IMPROVISED NUCLEAR
REACTOR NUCLEAR WEAPON
SABOTAGE DEVISE

- Hidden - Spreading - Attack on a - Terrorist - Terrorist

sealed radioactive nuclear construction pirating and
radioactive material with reactor, and detonation of
source a resulting into a detonation of a nuclear
- Placing of high conventional nuclear a true nuclear weapon made
gamma source explosion meltdown bomb by a nation
in a busy - Aka DIRTY - Disabling the - Detonating a with nuclear
public place BOMB cooling system homemade weapons
nuclear device