Results and Discussions 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Economic impact of Global Warming on rice farmers in Himos-onan San Juan
Southern Leyte survey
In this chapter, the results of the study are presented and discussed with the
reference to the aim of the study, which was to determine whether global warming has
an economic impact to the farmers of Barangay Himos-onan, Saint Bernard, Southern
Leyte. The data collected from 15 respondents of our survey, with confidentiality
ensured, and are virtually presented using bar graph for dichotomous responses.
Subsequently, Descriptive Statistics, Content Analysis and Narrative Inquiry serve as
our primary data analysis methods to further analyze and interpret the open-ended
responses.
Table 1
Have you heard about global warming?
In this table, the bar graph shows how many farmers know about the global
issue known as global warming.
As shown in the graph, the news of global warming is known by all 15

respondents in Barangay Himos-onan, Saint Bernard, Southernt Leyte, it shows
awareness within the community of farmers. This awareness offers a better advantage,
providing a foundation of effective strategies to combat climate-related concerns.
Table 2
Do you think the climate of this barangay is different that it was 25 years ago?
In this table, the bar graph shows if the climate of barangay Himos-
onan was different that it was 25 years ago.
As shown in the graph, according to the 15 respondents in Barangay Himos-
onan, Saint Bernard, Southernt Leyte, the climate of their barangay was different that
it was 25 years ago. It shows that the global warming is really a serious problem that’s
just not affecting the farmers of barangay Himos-onan but also the whole world.
Table 3
Have you ever noticed a disease in crop (rice)?
In this table, the bar graph shows how many farmers noticed a disease
in their crops (rice).
As shown in the graph, not only the farmers experienced a bad experience just
from global warmings, they also experienced their crops having a disease which could
lead to a great loss for their crops.
Table 4
Have you noticed an increased incidence of insects in the crops?
In this table, the bar graph shows how many farmers noticed an
increased incidence of insects in the crops.
As shown in the graph, because of global warming the acceleration of
reproductive rates of insects lead to an increased incidence of insects in the crops
which greatly affected the crops of the farmers. Forchler, B. (2021)
Table 5
Is your annual income stable?
In this table, the bar graph shows how many have financial instability that is
caused by the global warming.
As shown in the graph, global warming caused the farmers some great
damages in their crops which then resulted to less crops being sold, and caused a an
instability of their annual income.
Table 6
In the year 2022-2023, did you experience any of the climate-related
challenges in your farm?
In this table, the bar graph shows how many farmers experienced
climate-related challenges in their farm.
As shown in the graph, all of the farmers experienced climate-related
challenges in their farm. It is also evident as shown in the previous graphs that they
are suffering from climate related challenges from the year 2022-2023.
Table 7
In this table, the open-ended questions and their respective responses will be
presented.
Response 1
1. Provide name of the disease in crop. Tungro
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pijangaw, Bao-bao
3. Provide climate related challenges you
Mo uwan ug tuda nya mo init rag kalit
experience on your farm.
4. How would you describe the overall effect of
these global warming-related challenges on your Pagpaningkamot
farming activities and income in 2022-2023?
5. Have you experienced any economic losses or
Nasinati gajod na lack ug income karon
gains as a result of the global warming related
tungod sa panahon
challenges in 2022-2023?
6. If you’ve experienced economic losses, please
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in 5% ang na gansi
your income in 2022 compared to 2023?
7. What specific aspects of your farming activities
were most affected by global warming in 2022- Ang pagpananom ug Lumay
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Ang pagdugang sa abuno ug medecena
in order to make solutions? para sa humay
9. How effective these agricultural strategies been Epektibo kung walay abuno ug
in minimizing the impact of global warming on medecina modako ang abot sa
your farming activities? pagpamasak
Response 2
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Blackbug, Pijangaw
Magpahibaw sa mga nagdumala sa
these global warming-related challenges on your
agriculture para matabangan
Naka sinati ug pagkagansi sa tuig nga
2022 pero nabawi ra sa tuig 2023
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in 2% ang nagansi
Kadtung grabi ang pagkuan sa insects ug
were most affected by global warming in 2022-
pag-uwan init.
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Magamait ug mga abuno, medecina para
in order to make solutions? makita ang pagpanguma
9. How effective these agricultural strategies been
Maka epekto gajud para modako ang
in minimizing the impact of global warming on
kita o abut sa pagpamasak
your farming activities?
Response 3
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pilipis, Pijingaw
3. Provide climate related challenges you Naughan ang basak kadtung subra sa
experience on your farm. kainit
these global warming-related challenges on your Minus ang income tungos sa panahon
Nakarinati ug kansi tungod kay gamay
ra ang abot
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in 50% ang gansi
7. What specific aspects of your farming activities Ang pagpananom kay dili lagi moabot
were most affected by global warming in 2022- ang panahon maong maka gamay sa
2023? abot
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use More supply ang abuno para mo dako
in order to make solutions? ang abot ug mogamit pud ug medicina
Epektibo kaayo para mo dako ang abot
sa uma
Response 4
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pijangaw, Blackbugs, Pilipis
Subras Init
Pagpangalisud sa panguma, mao
nagubos ang kita
Sa panahon sa ting-uwan magansi jud
ang abot kay matahopan ang humay
kung mo init pud nya mominus ang
tubig mominos pud ang abot
40% ang gansi kay mahal ang abuno ug
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in
medicina
were most affected by global warming in 2022- Ang tubig malisod jud ang pagtanom
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Waterpumb, ano pagdungag sa mga
in order to make solutions? abuna ug medicina
Epektibo kaayo kay makahatag man ug
dako nga abot sa basak, motaas ang kita
sa pagpanguma. (sakto sa supply sakto
sa kita)
Response 5
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pijangaw, Blackbug
3. Provide climate related challenges you Kadtong kusog ang uwan, hangin unya
experience on your farm. mokalit rag init
4. How would you describe the overall effect of Kadako jud ang hagit sa pagpanguma
these global warming-related challenges on your kag magmahal ang mga abuno unya
farming activities and income in 2022-2023? gamay rag abot
Kung subra ra ang uwan mangalata ang
mga tanom maong naggansi
70% ang gansi tungod sa mahal nga
abuno
7. What specific aspects of your farming activities Subrang uwan ug hapit na ang harvest
were most affected by global warming in 2022- dili kaayo mamuswak mga daot hinoon
2023? dili na matunong sa ting season
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use
More supply sa Abuno
in order to make solutions?
Epektibo jud sa pagpanguma ang more
supply sa abuno
Response 6
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Kohol, Pijangaw, Blackbugs
Muinit ug tuda ja mouwan ug kalit
Kanang moundang ug kalit kay sobraan
sa kainit
Naay panagsa magansi pero mabawi ra
sa sunod ting-ani
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in No
Tungod sa init naapektuhan unja
mouwan
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Mogamit ug medecina (granyol)
in minimizing the impact of global warming on Epektibo kaayo
Response 7
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Blackbug Pijingaw
Moinit ug tuda unya moinit npud
4. How would you describe the overall effect of Subra sa kainit ug uwan mao ni ang usa
these global warming-related challenges on your sa hunungdan ng makadaot ug mogamay
farming activities and income in 2022-2023? ang abot sa uma
gains as a result of the global warming related Igo ra naka bawi
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in 5%
7. What specific aspects of your farming activities Sigi ug uwan nga ang abuno nga
were most affected by global warming in 2022- maanod sa, kay dili motunong sa ting-
2023? init ug ting-uwan na panahon
Pag-ilis sa hybrid nga binhi ug abuno
in minimizing the impact of global warming on Arang ka epektibo
Response 8
1. Provide name of the disease in crop. Army Worm
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pijingaw
Huwaw, Init
Subra sa huwaw, subra sa uwan madaot
ang mga tanom
Nagansi ug huwaw, gansi sab sa uwan
(subra sa makadaot)
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in 50% ang na gansi
7. What specific aspects of your farming activities Sa pagtanom hangtod sa pagtubo, pag
were most affected by global warming in 2022- apply sa abuno labi na sa palabian sa
2023? kainit, mag minus ang abot ani
Pag-apply ug abuno pesticides (insect)
drought(irrigation) water supply.
9. What are the agricultural practices you may use Epektibo, pero dili 100% nga mawala
in order to make solutions? ang mga insects
Response 9
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Blackbug, Pijingaw
Bagjo
Mag-usob usob na ang panahon dili na
permanenti
gains as a result of the global warming related Nakansi
Pagpananom nga dili matunong sa
panahon
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Pag abuno ug insakto ug paggamit ug
in order to make solutions? mga medecina para mo dako ang abot
9. How effective these agricultural strategies been Epektibo kung ang abuno sakto ang
in minimizing the impact of global warming on tanom, mo lambo ug naay tubig nga
your farming activities? mosuporta sa tanom
Response 10
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pijangaw, Blackbug
Manghan ang basak kay way tubig
Way tubig, subra sa ka init dili
permanenti ang panahon
Nagansi tungod sa dili pagdepende sa
panahon
Pagminus sa tubig labina sa panahon sa
ting tanom
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Perminte ang tubig sakto sa abuno ug
in order to make solutions? medecina
Epektibo kini nga stratehiya sa
pagpanguma
Response 11
Blackbug, Pijingaw, Alibangbang puti,
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops.
baobao
Bagjo nga kusog ang hangin, init kaajo
4. How would you describe the overall effect of Subraan sa ka init ug uwan mao ni ang
these global warming-related challenges on your usa sa mga hinungdan nga mogamay
farming activities and income in 2022-2023? ang abot sa uma
5. Have you experienced any economic losses or Sakto ra ang gasto na bawi bawi ra
6% ang nitaas sa 2023 nga abot sa
humay
Magnihit ang tubig tungod sa kainit nga
maoy makadaon sa tanom
2023?
Magkuha ug tubig ngadto sa nea diin
ang mga supply. Mag dugang ug abuno
ug mga medecina para sa mga insecto
9. How effective these agricultural strategies been Epektibo kay kini makahatag ug dako
in minimizing the impact of global warming on nga tabang sa mga mangunguna aron mo
your farming activities? dako ang abot sa uma
Response 12
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pijingaw, Uod
Way tubig ug subra sa kainit
Subrang init ug uwan nga maoy epekto
sa kita
Dako kaayog gansi tungod sa dili maajo
ang panahon
were most affected by global warming in 2022- Ang abot sa humay ug ang kita
2023?
Ang tubig, ang abuno ng mga medecina
9. How effective these agricultural strategies been Epektibo kay mao nani ang maka tabang
in minimizing the impact of global warming on nga ma minusan ang epekto sa global
your farming activities? warming
Response 13
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Blackbug, Ricebug
Ang tubig, dipermaninte ang panahon
Ang panahon karon dili na motunong sa
season, mag usob-usob na ang panahon
gains as a result of the global warming related Gansi kaayo tungod lagi sa panahon
7. What specific aspects of your farming activities Pagpananom sa humay nga dili
were most affected by global warming in 2022- mutunong sa ting season
2023?
Ang paggamit ug tukma nga binhi ug
ang paggamit ug mga abuno ug mga
medecina
Epektibo ang paggamit ug hybrid nga
binhi kay dako ug ma ani
Response 14
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Blackbug, Pijingaw
Way tubig tungod sa subra ka init
Lisod kaayo ang pagpanguma labi na ug
gamay ang abot sa uma
Gansi gayod tungod sa dili mag
permaninte ang klima
Ang pagpananom sa humay ug ang pag
ani
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Paggamit ug mga abuno ug mga
in order to make solutions? medecina para maka solusyon gajod
9. How effective these agricultural strategies been Epektibo kaayo kay mao mani ang maka
in minimizing the impact of global warming on minus sa epekto sa global warming (init,
your farming activities? uwan)
Response 15
2. Provide a name of insects that affect the crops. Pijingaw, Blackbug
Nangliki ang basak
these global warming-related challenges on your Nakapaubos sa kita sa uma
Nakasinati ko ug pagkalugi mahitungod
sa global warming
estimate the approximate percentage decrease in 17% ang nalugi
were most affected by global warming in 2022- Kanang tingbuswak na sa mga humay
2023?
8. What are the agricultural practices you may use Magkuan ug mga abuno ug medicina
in order to make solutions? para masulosyonan
Epektibo siya kung naay sakto nga pag-
gam sa mga humay
Table 8
Descriptive Statistics of tables 1-6
Percentage Percentage
Question Yes No
of Yes of No
1. Have you heard about global warming? 15 0 100% 0%
2. Do you think the climate of this barangay
is different than it was 15 0 100% 0%
25 years ago
3. Have you ever noticed a disease in
15 0 100% 0%
crop(rice)?
4. Have you noticed an increased incidence
15 0 100% 0%
of insects in the crops?
5. Is your annual income stable? 0 15 0% 100%
6. In the year 2022-2023, did you experience
any of the climate- 15 0 100% 0%
related challenges on your farm?
1. Have you heard about global warming?
 Yes: All 15 respondents are aware of global warming, indicating a high level of
awareness within the community.
2. Do you think the climate change of this barangay is different than it was 25 years
ago?
 Yes: All 15 respondents believe that there has been a change in the climate,
suggesting a unanimous perception of climate change.
3. Have you ever noticed a disease in crops (rice)?

 Yes: All 15 respondents have observed diseases in crops, emphasizing the
prevalence of this issue in the community.
4. Have you noticed an increase in the incidence of insects in the crops?

 Yes: All 15 respondents have observed an increase in insect incidence, indicating
a shared concern about pest-related challenges.
5. Is your annual income stable?

 No: None of the respondents reported having a stable annual income, suggesting
potential economic challenges within the community.
6. In the year 2022-2023, did you experience any of the climate-related challenges on
your farm?
 Yes: All 15 respondents experienced climate-related challenges in the specified
period, highlighting the widespread impact on farming activities.
CONTENT ANALYSIS
Disease in Crop:
- Tungro
Insects Affecting Crops :

- Pijingaw
- Blackbug
- Pilipis
- Bao-bao
- Kohol
- Alibangbang puti
- Ricebug
- Uod
Climate-Related Challenges on the Farm:

- Changes in temperature (increased heat)
- Variability in weather conditions (sudden shifts in temperature, wind, and rain)
- Lack of water Supply
Overall Effect of Global Warming-Related Challenges on Farming Activities and

Income:
- Negative impact on farming activities
- Economic losses due to climate-related challenges
- Unpredictability in weather affecting crop yields
- Economic challenges due to the cost of inputs (e.g., expensive fertilizers and
medicines)
Economic Impact Questions:

- Stability of annual income: Unstable for all respondents (15 no)
- Economic losses experienced by respondents: Ranges from 2% to 80%
- Factors contributing to economic losses: Climate-related challenges affecting crop
yield and quality
Agricultural Practices for Solutions:

- Use of fertilizers and medicines to address disease and insect infestations
- Water management practices, including water pump installation
- Hybrid seed usage for resilience
- Increased supply of fertilizers
Farming Strategies:
- Responses vary, but generally, the strategies are perceived as effective in
minimizing the impact of global warming on farming activities.
- Positive feedback on the use of hybrid seeds, increased fertilizer supply, and
medicinal applications.
NARRATIVE INQUIRY
The community of farmers of barangay Himos-onan, Saint Bernard, Southern
Leyte faced a lot of challenges due to the effect of global warming. Here’s a more
detailed list of their experiences:
Crop Hurdles
The farmers shared the same story about a crop disease known as “Tungro”
that cause a threat to their rice field or crops. And they also faced some insects which
are called Pijingaw, Blackbug, Pilipis, Alibangbang puti, Baobao, and the most
common one named Uod, each causes a threat to the crops of the farmers. These
insects caused damages on their crops which are also affected by global warming as
the fast reproduction of instects are caused by global warming. Forchler, B. (2021).
Unexpected Weather Changes

Weather patterns became unpredictable due to global warming, with a sunny
day it will suddenly rain. The farmers described their experiences as a bad experience
and caused a financial instability to them because of the damage it brought to their
crops. The unexpected weather changes caused a great impact to their agricultural
routines.
Financial Setbacks
The financial setbacks caused by global warming to farmers were the same for
most of them. Farmers share the same financial hardships, showing that 2%-80%
income loss were caused by global warming to their crops. This climate-related
challenges became a huge wall for farmers but it also made them to adapt and seek
ways to combat the consequences of global warming.
Impact on Farming Livelihoods

Diving further into their stories, there is a vulnerability of cultivating rice. The
lack of water supply, drying of soil under the influence of global warming held down
the crop growth and yields. The struggles they faced because of this global warming
are holding them back for having a better livelihood.
Resourceful Farming Strategies

Still, in front of these hurdles, the willpower to pursue on farming their
community still held on. Strategies for combating global warming came out of their
stories. From careful selection of fertilizers, a proper amount of crop medicine, and
the adaption of hybrid seeds lead to survival of crops.
Effectiveness of Farming Strategies

The strategies they made came out with great effectiveness. With proper
planning they made it possible to prolong the life of the plants during adversaries,
using hybrid seeds, fertilizer, and pest management they achieved success on their
farming strategies.
SUMMARY
The study in Barangay Himos-onan, Southern Leyte, a survey was conducted

to determine how global warming is affecting rice farmers economically. The survey
of 15 respondents revealed that all farmers were aware of global warming and
unanimously believed that the climate had changed over the past 25 years. The impact
on their crops was significant, with reports of diseases like Tungro and increased
insect incidents, such as Pijingaw and Blackbug, all attributed to global warming.
Unfortunately, none of the farmers reported having a stable annual income, and all
faced climate-related challenges in 2022-2023, indicating a negative effect on their
livelihoods and income.
The farmers described their struggles clearly, mentioning the unpredictable

weather and financial instability due to the damages on their crops caused by global
warming. The data collected of economic losses of farmers ranged from 2% to 80%,
with variables like climate-related challenges affecting both crop yield and income of
the farmers. Despite these challenges, the farmers demonstrated resilience by adopting
various strategies, including the use of fertilizers, medicines, water management
practices, and hybrid seeds. While the effectiveness of these strategies varied, farmers
generally found success with measures like increased fertilizer supply, pointing
towards the importance of adaptive farming practices in lessening the impact of global
warming.
Furthermore, the study illuminated the harsh realities faced by rice farmers in
Barangay Himos-onan due to global warming. The economic impact on their
livelihoods was evident, with the community experiencing with crop diseases, insect
infestations, and unstable incomes. The information shared by the farmers showed a
gist of their challenges, but also showed their resourcefulness and determination to
find effective solutions. This study shows the urgent need for sustainable and climate-
resilient agricultural practices to safeguard the livelihoods of these farmers in the face
of ongoing climate change.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, there is a extreme economic impact of global warming on crop
yields and income of farmers. The stories from Barangay Himos-onan farmers show
that the changing climate is messing with their crops and, as a result, their income.
Picture this: diseases attacking their crops, unpredictable weather making it hard to
grow things, and all of it leading to less money in their pockets. Even though these
hardworking farmers are trying smart ways like using better fertilizers and new seeds,
the economic struggle is real. It's a wake-up call for all of us to support these farmers
with sustainable solutions so they can keep making a living despite the challenges of a
warming world.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

As shown in the graph, the news of global warming is known by all 15

in their crops (rice).

3. Have you ever noticed a disease in crops (rice)?

4. Have you noticed an increase in the incidence of insects in the crops?

5. Is your annual income stable?

Insects Affecting Crops :

Climate-Related Challenges on the Farm:

Overall Effect of Global Warming-Related Challenges on Farming Activities and

Economic Impact Questions:

Agricultural Practices for Solutions:

Unexpected Weather Changes

Impact on Farming Livelihoods

Resourceful Farming Strategies

Effectiveness of Farming Strategies

The study in Barangay Himos-onan, Southern Leyte, a survey was conducted

The farmers described their struggles clearly, mentioning the unpredictable

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