8P.

26
4

3 Fig.3.1 shows a bird cage hanging on a uniform wooden pole of length I.8 m and mass 10 kg.

ceiling

rope A rope B

wooden pole

bird and cage

Fig.3.1

The pole is kept horizontal by two ropes, A and B, each tied at the ends of the pole.
The bird and the cage have a total mass of 6 kg and is suspended 1.2 m away from rope A.
The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

(a) Describe the difference between mass and weight.

t1l

(b) Using the principle of moments or othemrise, calculate the tension in rope A and B.

tension in rope A =

tension in rope B = ........ t3l

(c) The bird keeper wants to suspend another bird cage of weight 30 N on the pole withoul
increasing the tension in rope B as he is afraid rope B will snap.

Suggest and explain where he should suspend this second bird cage.

l2l
6091t2J09122

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 BP- 265

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a manometer that is connected to two separate containers containing
pressurised gases X and Y. The pressure of both gases is much greater than the
atmospheric pressure. There are two immiscible liquids A and B in the manometer, of
densities 5.2 g cm-3 and 2.8 g cm-3 respec.tively.

gas X gas Y

6.0 cm
8.0 cm liquid B

liquid A

Fig. 3.1

The gravitational field strength is 10 N kg-1.

(a) Explain which gas has a larger pressure.

t11

(b) Calculate the pressure difference due to the gases

pressure difference ..................t3I

(c) There is a crack in the container containing gas X.

State and explain whatwill happen to the liquid levels in the manometer.

l2l

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 BP- 123

3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a mercury barometer used to measure atmospheric pressure on a particular
day and the scale alongside the barometer is marked in cm.

90 90 90
80 80 80
70 70 70
60 60 60
50 50 50
40 40
30 3
20 2
10 10 10

Fig.3.l Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3

Fig. 3.2 and Fig. 3.3 shows two other mercury barometers located next to that in Fig. 3.1.

(i) On Fig. 3.2, draw the level of mercury inside the tube after more mercury is poured into
the reservoir. tll
(ii) On Fig. 3.3, draw the level of mercury inside the tube after the tube is tilted from the
position shown in Fi9.3.2. t1l

(b) A student attempts to build his own barometer by lowering an inverted glass tube vertically into
a mercury bath at the same location.

Some air is trapped in the sealed end of the inverted glass tube

(D Explain why the reading obtained using his own barometer is lower from the actual
atmospheric pressure obtained using the mercury barometer in Fig. 3.1.

....t11

(ii) Suggest and explain using ideas about molecules, how the reading obtained using his
own barometer will change if the student pushes the inverted glass tube further into the
mercury bath.

.....t31

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 BP -77

BBSS / 2022 / O Prelim / Sec 4E / Physics (6091) / P2

5 Fig. 5.'l shows a syringe that contains a gas at the same pressure as the air outside.
The piston moves freely along the cylinder without any friction. No gas escapes.
The sealed end has a smaller cross-sectional area than the piston.

pislon gas cylinder

sealed end

Fig. 5.1
(a) Use ideas about molecules, explain why
(i) the gas exerts a pressure on the cylinder.

12)

(i0 the gas exerts the same pressure on the piston as it does on the sealed
end.

tll

(b) As the syringe is heated from 20'C to 100 "C, the piston moves outwards to the
left. lt stops moving when the temperature is steady. State how the value of each
of the following quantities compares at '100 "C, after the piston stops, with its
value at 20 "C.

For each quantity you should only write greater, the same or /ess

(i) average distance between gas molecules

t11

( ii) pressure of the gas after the piston stops

t1l
( iii) average speed of the gas molecules
t11
frequency of collision between gas molecules and
(iv)
cylinder t11

Applying past knowledge to new situations

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2 Fig.2.1 shows the hydraulic braking system of a car

rotating wheel
brake pad
oil

pivot
o

220 N

24 cm
brake pedal
master piston
slave piston

Fig. 2.1 (not to scale)

A force of 220 N is applied by the car driver on the brake pedal

The cross-sectional area of the master piston is 1.5 cm2.
The cross-sectional area of the slave piston is 5.0 cm2.
The weight of both pistons is negligible.

(a) Calculate the force exerted on the master piston.

force = 121

(b) Hence, calculate the force that the oil exerts on the slave piston.

force = ...... t2l

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