8P.

24
2

Section A [50 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

I (a) (i) Circle the value of the prefix Mega.

1 0-s .l
0-6 .l
0r 1a-2 1 0-1 103 1 06 ,l
0s t11

(ii) Rearrange the following prefixes in order from the largest to the smallest value.

pdGn
t1l

(b) Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 show two ways of hanging a picture frame, weighing 16 N,on awall.

I 0.1 m 0.1 m
cords 0.1 m

0.1 m

Fig. {.{ Fig. 1.2

ln Fig. 1 .1, the frame is hung from two identical cords, each of length 0.1 m, spaced 0.1 m apart.
ln Fig. 1.2, a similar cord, of length 0.2 m, is used to suspend the frame from a single point P,
such that points Q and R are also spaced 0.1 m apart.

(i) State the tension in each cord in Fig. 1 .1

tension = t1l
(ii) ln the space below, draw a labelled diagram to determine the tension in the parts of
the cord, PQ and PR, in Fig. 1.2.

tension in PQ = ..

tension in PR = ................. ............. t3l

6091t?J09t22

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 BP- 1 20

Section A (50 marks)

Answer all questions in the spaces provided

1 Para-sailing is a leisure pursuit where a person is attached to a parachute and pulled over the sea
by a tow-rope.

The tow-rope is attached to a motor boat as shown in Fig. '1.'1.

parachute attached drag fo rce, Fo

to person

tow-rope
tension
300 1400 N
weight
720 N

Fig. 1.1 Fig.1.2

(a) Fig. 1.2 shows the directions of the forces acting on a person when being pulled horizontally
across the sea at a constant speed.

The weight of the person is 720 N and the tension in the tow-rope is 1400 N.

Determine the drag force Fo acting on the person using a scale drawing.

drag force, FD = .. ...t31

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(b) The tow-rope is released at X and the path of the person with the parachute after the release
of the tow-rope is shown by the dashed line in Fig. 1.3.

8.0 m

Fig. 1.3

The speed of the person with the parachute is the fastest at X, at the moment the tow-rope is
released.

(0 Describe the energy changes from the moment the tow-rope is released at X until the
person reaches the surface of the sea at Y.

l2l

(ii) The vertical height between X and Y is 8.0 m and the speed of the person at X
is 12 m/s.

As the person moves from X to Y, 10 kJ of work is done against air resistance.

Determine the speed of the person at Y.

The gravitational field strength g is 10 N/kg.

speed at point Y = ........ t3l

(iii) A student suggests that the speed ofthe person at Y does not depend on his mass

Explain briefly whether the suggestion is conect.

..t11

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2 A horizontal, uniform beam is balanced on supports P and Q of a stand when a weighted toy is
placed on the beam.

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the forces acting on the horizonlal beam and the distances between these
forces when the weighted toy is placed on the beam and the beam is balanced on the stand.

beam
1.2 cmi 1.4cm i 2.6 cm

a Gx G
+
4.2 N 1.0 N
nd

Fig.2.1 Fig. 2.2a Fig.2.2b

(D State the pr'nc,p/e of moments.

l2l

(ii) The weight of the horizontal beam is 1.0 N and the weight of the weighted toy is 4.2 N.

Determine the forces Rp and Ro acting on the horizontal beam.

Rp=

Ro = .................. tsl
(b) Fig. 2.2a and Fig. 2.2b show the rest position of the weighted toy balanced on its beak and the
displaced position of the same toy respectively.

G is the position of the centre of gravity of the weighted toy.

By making reference to the centre of gravity, explain why the weighted toy returns to its rest
position when displaced and released.

l2l

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 BP-262

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a man of mass 90 kg standing on a weighing scale in a lift.

weighing scale

Fig. 1.1

The gravitational field skength is 10 N kg-t.

(a) (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw and label the two forces acting on the man. t11

(i0 Explain why the forces in (a)(i) are not an action-reaction pair.

lz1

(b) The lift is moving upwards at a velocity of 'l .8 m s-1. lt then comes to a stop in a
time of 0.50 s.

Determine the scale reading (in Newton) during this deceleration.

scale reading = t21

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a desk lamp with the dimensions shown. The base of the lamp is circular
and has a radius of '10 cm. The total weight of the light bulb and shade ls 5.0 N and each
of the uniform arms has weiqht 1.5 N.

30

shade

30 cm
1.5 N light bulb

5.0 N
1.5 N

desk
'10 cm

Fig.2.1

The lamp must be constructed so that it does not topple over when fully extended as
shown in Fig.2.2. The base must be heavy enough so that the lamp will not rotate about
a point X.

first arm second arm

desk X

Fig.2.2

(a) By taking moments about X, calculate the minimum weight of the base required to
prevent toppling.

weight = t2t

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 BP-?64

(b) Explain why the lamp tends to topple over when fully extended as shown in
Fig. 2.2, rather than when partially extended as shown in Fig. 2.1 .

................t2I

(c) State and explain one change that could be made to the base to increase the
stability of the lamp. The weight of the base is to remain constant.

t11

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3 Fig.3.1 shows a bird cage hanging on a uniform wooden pole of length I.8 m and mass 10 kg.

ceiling

rope A rope B

wooden pole

bird and cage

Fig.3.1

The pole is kept horizontal by two ropes, A and B, each tied at the ends of the pole.
The bird and the cage have a total mass of 6 kg and is suspended 1.2 m away from rope A.
The gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.

(a) Describe the difference between mass and weight.

t1l

(b) Using the principle of moments or othemrise, calculate the tension in rope A and B.

tension in rope A =

tension in rope B = ........ t3l

(c) The bird keeper wants to suspend another bird cage of weight 30 N on the pole withoul
increasing the tension in rope B as he is afraid rope B will snap.

Suggest and explain where he should suspend this second bird cage.

l2l
6091t2J09122

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 BP-214
2

Section A [50 marks]

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

1 Fig 't.1 below shows how a hanging picture frame is supported by two strings
that hang from a ceiling.
ceiling

'13.9 N 24N
30 60'
horizontal

picture frame

Fig 1.1

The tensions in the strings are 13,9 N and 24 N respectively.

(a) With a suitable scale, draw a labelled vector diagram to show the resultant
of the two tensions. Determine the magnitude and the direction of the
resultant force.
Scale:

magnitude of resultant force =

direction = ... t4l

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(b) Hence, determine the mass of the picture frame. The gravitational field
strength is 10 N / kg.

mass = .......... .......... 121

2 A designer plans to use some hollow aluminium balls as decorative pieces that
float in a pond.
Fig 2.1 shows the cross section of oneof these balls. The outer radius of theball
is '10.0 cm. The inner radius is r. The designer has to decide the thickness f of
the aluminium so that the balls can float in water.
A
The density of water = 1.0 g / cm3, and volume of sphere = g r r3

Fig2.1
(a) State the maximum density and hence calculate the maximum mass of
the ball for it to remain afloat in water. lt is assumed the air in the ball has
negligible mass.

maximum density of aluminum ball

mass of aluminum ball = t31

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 BP-169

Section A
Answer all questions in this section.

1 Fig. 1 .1 shows a box of mass 900 g resting on a rough plane inclined at an angle of 30o to
the horizontal. The box is about to slip down the plane.
The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.

30"

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

(a) On Fig- 1.'l , draw the forces exerted on the box. Label them clearly. t11

(b) Calculate the weight of the box.

weight of the box = ...... t1l

(c) Draw a suitable scaled diagram to determine the magnitude of the frictional force
acting on the box.

frictional force = t31

(d) Suggest, in terms of forces, why the object does not slide down the rough plane.

111

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3 (a) State the principle of moments.

t2t
(b) A 15000 N raft is supported by two ropes as shown in Fig. 3.1. Point A
indicates the centre of gravity of the raft. The two ropes are 2.0 m apart.

2.0 m
Rope 1 Rope 2

ffi.A Raft

Fig 3.1
(i) The position of the center of gravity is not at its midpoint. Suggest
what this implies about the distribution of the mass in the raft.

t1l
(ii) By choosing the appropriate pivot or otherwise, calculate the
tensions in both ropes.

tension in rope 1 =
tension in rcpe2= t31

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows three ropes attached to a ring R, of negligible weight. Three cylindrical
weights, x, y, and z, are connected to these ropes. x and y are hung from two pulleys,
resulting in tensions Tx and Ty in the ropes.

pulley

pulley

Ty
Tx
90º
y
40º 50º
x R
350 N

Fig. 2.1

(a) Cylinder z has a weight of 450 N and a volume of 5.0 x 10-3 m3.

(i) Calculate the mass of z. Take gravitational field strength, g, to be 10 N/kg.

mass = …………………………..[1]

(ii) Calculate the density of z. Express your answer in SI unit.

density = …………………………..[1]

4
 (b) The ring R is in equilibrium. Using a scale of 1 cm : 50 N, construct a labelled
diagram to determine the weight of cylinder x.

weight = …………………………..[3]

3 Fig. 3.1 shows a lift used by maintenance companies to carry out window cleaning. A
man stands in the lift, which is hung outside of a tall building.

2.5 m
0.25 m
cable 1
cable 2
man

lift

A B

3.0 m

Fig. 3.1

The lift has a length of 3.0 m from points A to B. Its centre of gravity is located mid-
way between AB. Two steel cables hold up the lift, and the cables are 2.5 m apart,
and cable 1 is 0.25 m from A.

5
(a) The man has a weight of 700 N, and the cleaning lift has a weight of 10 000 N.
The man stands 1.0 m from A.

(i) In Fig. 3.2, draw the four forces acting on the lift AB.

Label tensions T1 and T2, for cable 1 and cable 2 respectively, and the
weights of the man and the lift. [2]

A B

Fig. 3.2

(ii) Taking moments about cable 2, find the tension, T1, in cable 1.

T1 = …………………………..[2]

(b) An empty plastic container has its centre of gravity, C, located at half its height
from its base.

Fig. 3.3a shows the empty container being tilted at an angle θ, pivoting at point
P. The container is just about to topple.

Fig 3.3b shows a metal weight being placed into the bottom of the container,
which is then tilted about P, to the same angle θ.

container container

C
metal weight

pivot, P pivot, P
θ θ

Fig. 3.3a Fig. 3.3b

6
 Explain why the container in Fig. 3.3b can now be tilted to a larger angle before
it topples.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

4 Fig. 4.1 shows a simple schematic diagram of a refrigerator.

evap- valve
orator
liquid coolant
unit heat
radiator
fin heat
condenser unit

low pressure
gas

compressor high pressure

pump gas

https://www.butterflyfields.com/how-does-a-refrigerator-work/

Fig. 4.1

The valve causes the coolant to vaporise. When the liquid coolant vaporises in the
evaporator unit, it cools the air around it. The compressor pump then compresses the
gaseous coolant and increases its pressure. When the coolant condenses, it releases
heat at the condenser unit.

7
 BP-117

(c) Explain, in terms of the forces acting, why the acceleration changes
between point A and Point B.

l3I

3. The diagram shows a gymnast of mass 45 kg balancing on a 5.0 m long

uniform beam. The beam, with a mass of 80 kg, is resting on two
supports P and Q.

0.6 m 0.6 m
e-> <(.....-+

3.6 m

5.0 m

Support P Support Q

(a) State the type of equilibrium of the gymnast at the position shown in the
diagram. Explain your answer.

l2l

Canbena Secondary School Physics

2020 Preliminary Examination Secondary 4 ExPress

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 BP-118
5

(b) (i) Calculate the forces exerted by support P and Q on the beam.

force by support P = ..........

force by support Q = ......... l4l

(ii) Without further calculation, state how the force exerted by support p on
the beam changes when the gymnast moves towards support e.

t1l

4. The figure below shows a mercury barometer placed in an inflatable

container that is sealed with a rubber bung. The air in the inflatable
container is at atmospheric pressure of 1.01 x 105 Pa.

rubber bung

vacuum

inflatable
container
h

(a) Calculate the height h of the mercury in the barometer if the gravitational
field strength is 10 N/kg and the density of mercury is '13 600 kg/m3.

h =......... 121

Canberra Secondary School Physics

2020 Preliminary Examination Secondary 4 Express

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