3.sept 2023

Current Affairs [PDF] - September 1-15, 2023
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Current Affairs [PDF] - September 1-15, 2023
Contents
......................... ......... ........ ..... ...... ......... .........................................
News Headlines ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
September 1, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 3
September 2, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 3
September 3, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 4
September 4, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
September 5, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 6
September 6, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 6
September 7, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 7
September 8, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 8
September 9, 2023 ....................................................................................................................................... 9
September 10, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 10
September 11, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 10
September 12, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 11
September 13, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 12
September 14, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 13
Join @thehindu444 Or THEUPSCFORUM
September 15, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 14

September 2, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Proposed BNSS 2023: Changes to Mercy Petitions in Death Sentence Cases .............................. 14
Delhi High Court Permits Stem Cell Therapy for Autism ................................................................. 15
Nobel Laureates Advocate for Muhammad Yunus Amidst Legal Proceedings ............................. 16
ISRO Successfully Launches Aditya L1 Sun Observatory ................................................................... 17
September 4, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Culture Corridor-G20 Digital Museum ................................................................................................. 18
Personalised Adaptive Learning (PAL) to be Integrated into DIKSHA ........................................... 19
Impact of Extreme Weather on CEFM .................................................................................................. 20
France Announces Ban on Disposable Vapes ........................................................................................ 21
Priest of Pacopampa Tomb ...................................................................................................................... 22
Groundwater Depletion in India to Triple by 2080 due to Global Warming .............................. 23
First Tranche of Loans for UIDF Projects Set to Disburse Soon ..................................................... 23
High-Level Committee Formed to Explore Simultaneous Elections in India ................................. 24
National Conference on KCC for Fisheries ........................................................................................... 25
New LED Lights Worsening Light Pollution ......................................................................................... 25
September 5, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 26
"Education to Entrepreneurship" Partnership ....................................................................................... 26
Visakhapatnam Port's International Cruise Terminal ......................................................................... 27
TDB Collaborates with Aloe Ecell to Promote Eco-friendly Aloe Vera-based Batteries ............. 27
Digital India Experience Zone .................................................................................................................. 28
‘Green Hydrogen Pilots in India’ Conference ....................................................................................... 28
WHO Unveils Gujarat Declaration .......................................................................................................... 29
Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control ..................................................... 30
Roots and Routes: Past Present and Continuous .................................................................................. 31
Major Tracks of G20 ................................................................................................................................. 31
Global South’s Debt Problem ................................................................................................................... 32
India's "Import Management System" to Restrict IT Hardware Imports from China ................ 33
China's Vigilance Campaign ..................................................................................................................... 34
© 2023 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in | For printed books & notes visit GKTBOOKS.COM 2
Manipur Proposes More Autonomy for Hill Councils Amid Conflict ............................................ 34
Ukrainian President Zelenskyy Replaces Defense Minister ................................................................ 35
Surge in Asian Hornet Sightings in UK ................................................................................................. 36
Poriferisphaera hetertotrophicis ............................................................................................................... 37
September 6, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................ 38
One-Hour Trade Settlement .................................................................................................................... 38
UPI QR Code-Central Bank Digital Currency interoperability ......................................................... 39
India's First BS6 Stage II Flex-Fuel Hybrid ........................................................................................... 39
Maldives Presidential Elections 2023 ..................................................................................................... 40
Sculptures at Bharat Mandapam .............................................................................................................. 41
Indian Army Seeks Armoured Recovery Vehicles for Diverse Terrains ......................................... 42
SC Panel's Findings on the Living Conditions of Women in Indian Prisons .................................. 42
Annual Report on 'Changes in Per Capita Coal Power Emissions of G20 Countries' ................ 43
Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Passes Bills for Airport Area Planning and Court Fees ................ 44
TRAI Recommends Changes to FM Radio Broadcasting Regulations ........................................... 44
India Post Partners with Shiprocket to Enhance E-commerce Exports .......................................... 45
G20 Tourism and SDG Dashboard ....................................................................................................... 46
September 7, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................ 46

Viability Gap Funding for development of BESS ................................................................................. 46
Cabinet Approves Funding for IDS, 2017 in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand ..................... 47
Odisha Proposes GPS-Enabled Ankle Monitoring for Undertrial Prisoners .................................. 48
Minuteman 3 ICBM Test ......................................................................................................................... 48
Jharkhand Incorporates Transgender Community into Universal Pension Scheme .................... 49
NPCI Introduces Innovative Digital Payment Products for Inclusive Ecosystem .......................... 50
14-Day Human Embryo Model Using Stem Cells ................................................................................ 51
Fossil Fuel Companies and Brokers Expected to Benefit Most from ACMI .................................. 51
European Honeybees Serve as Biomonitor for AMR in Urban Areas ............................................. 52
September 8, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................. 53
World's Tallest Nataraja Statue ................................................................................................................ 53
Indore Tops Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2023 Clean Air Survey ...................................................... 54
The Gender Snapshot 2023 Report ....................................................................................................... 55
Indian States Witness Extreme Temperature Increase: Report ......................................................... 55
Regulatory Framework for Asset Valuation in Insolvency Resolution to Be Strengthened ........ 56
September 9, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................ 57
RBI to Phase Out Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR) ............................................................. 57
RBI Encourages Fintech Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs) for Ethical Practices ................ 58
India and US Settle WTO Poultry Dispute, Reduce Tariffs on American Products .................... 58
UN Climate Report Warns of Closing Window to Limit Global Warming .................................... 59
NASA's MOXIE Successfully Generates Oxygen on Mars ................................................................ 59
Chinese Scientists Grow Human Kidneys Inside Pig Embryos ........................................................ 60
Antarctica Warming Faster Than Expected, Threatening Global Sea Level Rise .......................... 61
2023 WMO Air Quality and Climate Bulletin ....................................................................................... 61
US Government Terminates Funding for DEEP VZN ........................................................................ 62
Australia's Navy Pursues Nuclear Submarines and AI-Powered Ghost Sharks ............................ 63
September 11, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 64
Online Games of Chance vs. Games of Skill ........................................................................................ 64
India – Middle East – Europe Economic Corridor ............................................................................. 65
September 12, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 66
MP's Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme .......................................................................... 66
African Union Admitted as Permanent Member of G20 .................................................................. 67
Global Biofuels Alliance Launched in New Delhi ................................................................................ 69
G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration .................................................................................................... 70
What is Vishwakarma Yojana? ................................................................................................................. 71
Mukhyamantri Ladli Bahna Awas Yojana .............................................................................................. 71
BRO to Build World's Highest Fighter Airfield .................................................................................... 72
G20 Working Group on Empowerment of Women .......................................................................... 72
Goa Roadmap for Tourism ...................................................................................................................... 74
Shallow Earthquake in Morocco ............................................................................................................. 75
September 13, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 76
Swachhta Abhiyan 3.0 .............................................................................................................................. 76
India-Saudi Investment Forum 2023 ..................................................................................................... 76
International Conference on Dam Safety .............................................................................................. 77
Promising Approach for Early Detection and Treatment of Lung and Cervical Cancer ........... 78
Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana ........................................................................................................ 79
Aswasanidhi Project ................................................................................................................................... 80

Invasive Red Fire Ant Species Detected in Italy ................................................................................... 80
iGOT Karmayogi Bharat Platform Launches Learning Module for Aspirational Blocks
Programme ........................................................................................................................................... 81
Delhi Government’s EV Policy 2.0 .......................................................................................................... 82
September 14, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 83
'Ayushman Bhava' Campaign .................................................................................................................. 83
Union Cabinet Approves eCourts Phase III .......................................................................................... 83
Extension of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana ....................................................................................... 84
Skill India Digital ......................................................................................................................................... 85
Plant-Based Polyphenols Offer Novel Strategy to Combat Alzheimer's Disease .......................... 85
TTPs-Based Framework to Combat Cybercrime Targeting Humans ........................................... 86
Fourth G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) Meeting ...................................... 87
Delhi Government Allows Registration of All BS VI-Compliant Diesel Vehicles for Inter-State
Stage Carriage ..................................................................................................................................... 87
Future of Money Report ........................................................................................................................... 88
Global Debt as a Share of Economic Output Declined in 2022 ...................................................... 88
Indian Air Force Receives First C-295 Transport Plane in Spain .................................................... 89
DMRC, BEL Collaborate on Indigenous Train Control System ...................................................... 90
Gurugram Unveils Infrastructure Development Roadmap for Projected Population Surge ....... 91
September 15, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 93
TRAI's Consultation Paper on Digital Inclusion in the Era of Emerging Technologies .............. 93
India's Recognition as an OIML Certificates Issuing Authority ........................................................ 94
RBI Directs Regulated Entities to Release Property Documents Promptly .................................... 94
Apple's Shift to USB-C in iPhone 15 Driven by EU Regulations ...................................................... 95
France Bans iPhone 12 Sales Over Radiation Concerns ..................................................................... 96
Scrub Typhus Claims Lives in Odisha's Bargarh District .................................................................. 96
120 MCQs ............................................................................................................................................................ 98
News Headlines
September 1, 2023
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for September 1, 2023
INDIA
The count-down for launch of India’s mission Aditya to the Sun begins.
Assam-based oncologist Ravi Kannan wins 2023 Ramon Magsaysay award.
The Union government appointed Jaya Verma Sinha Chairperson of the Railway
Board, becomes the first woman to head the Board.
The Union government has issued a notification for the implementation of the
amendments to the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867.
The drive against child marriages in Assam will be relaunched in September, as per
Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma.
Rainfall in August has been the lowest in over a century: IMD.
6th Rashtriya Poshan Maah begins on September 1. Government is celebrating it
throughout the month of September this year.

Home Minister Amit Shah to start Amrit Kalash Yatra from New Delhi.
The Archaeological Survey of India – ASI launched the ‘Adopt a Heritage 2.0’
programme.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) registered a growth of 7.8 percent in the April-
June quarter of the current fiscal (2023-2024).
India’s goods and services tax collections in August grew 11 per cent on an annual
basis.
10 billion UPI transactions were performed for the first time in a month in India.
WORLD
Singaporeans are voting today in the country’s first contested Presidential election in
more than a decade.
Army officers of African nation Gabon named Gen Brice Oligui Nguema as the new
leader.
Jais, the World’s Most Advanced Arabic Large Language Model, has been released.
SPORTS
India beat Malaysia 7-5 and Japan 35-1 to enter semifinals of Asian Hockey 5s World
Cup Qualifiers at Salalah in Oman.
Neeraj Chopra finishes second in men’s javelin event in Zurich Diamond League; gets
qualified for the Diamond League finals.
Gukesh replaced Viswanathan Anand as the country’s top-ranked player in Chess.
September 2, 2023
INDIA
A committee has been formed under former President Ram Nath Kovind, to look into
the feasibility of simultaneous elections to State Assemblies and the Lok Sabha.
Aditya-L1, India’s first solar observatory mission to be launched onboard the Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
Children from void marriages entitled to parents’ share in property: Supreme Court.
NCERT has been granted the deemed-to-be university status, Union Education
Minister Dharmendra Pradhan.
The seventh and last stealth frigate of Project 17A, Mahendragiri, was launched at
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. (MDL) in Mumbai.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
National Pension Scheme (NPS) withdrawal options set to be eased: PFRDA
August GST revenue eases to 3-month low of ₹1.59 lakh crore.
Moody’s raises India’s CY23 growth forecast to 6.7%, from 5.5%.
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the merger of Vistara with Air
India (AI).
WORLD
European Space Agency (ESA) will support Aditya-L1, providing deep space
communication services to the mission.

Nepal rejected China’s new national map that shows territories the Himalayan nation
considers its own as part of India.
Ex-Deputy Prime Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam elected Singapore President.
Russian President Vladimir Putin will host Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan for
talks, amid bid to revive grain deal.
SPORTS
Bhubaneswar and Guwahati to host India’s first two FIFA World Cup 2026 Qualifiers.
The India U16 men’s team secured a 1-0 win over Bangladesh to open its SAFF U16
Championship campaign in Bhutan.
September 3, 2023
INDIA
India’s first solar observatory mission-Aditya-L1, was launched by the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO).
Congress leader Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury declines to join ‘one nation, one election’
panel.
Odisha to rehabilitate those displaced by construction of Hirakud dam across the
Mahanadi in the 1950s.
Fourth G20 Sherpa meeting to start in Nuh district of Haryana.
Chandrayan-3’s rover Pragyan was put to sleep after completion of all its
assignments on Lunar surface.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Jet Airways founder Naresh Goyal has been arrested by the Enforcement Directorate
(ED) in money laundering case.
Uday Kotak has resigned as Managing Director and CEO of Kotak Mahindra Bank
(KMB).
WORLD
India will be part of the implementation of the 10-point peace formula proposed by
Ukraine President: Ukraine.
More than 12 million out of Sri Lanka’s 22.16 million-strong population are
vulnerable: UNDP.
Thailand’s King formally endorsed members of a new Cabinet.
Australia will hold talks with China to stabilise ties.
SPORTS
Indian Men’s Hockey team beat Pakistan in thrilling final to win inaugural Men’s
Hockey 5s Asia Cup
Xiamen Diamond League: India’s Avinash Sable qualifies for 3000m steeplechase
final
September 4, 2023
INDIA
Union Agriculture Ministry inaugurates G20 workshop on Climate Resilient
Agriculture in Hyderabad.
Second edition of Naval Commanders’ Conference, 2023 to begin in New Delhi.
Assam government forms panel to draft anti-polygamy law.
MeitY is set to integrate Personalised Adaptive Learning (PAL) into its existing Digital
Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing (DIKSHA) platform.
Delhi Metro to start selling ‘Tourist Smart Cards’ at selected Metro stations.
The second edition of Naval Commanders’ Conference, 2023 commences in New
Delhi.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
State Bank of India announces introduction of UPI interoperability on CBDC.
Centre approved 30 railway projects worth over ₹83,000 crore for Telangana.
Commerce ministry recommends anti-dumping duty on imports of Chinese glass.
WORLD
43rd Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) summit in Jakarta to be held
from 5th to 7th September.
Typhoon Haikui causes destruction in coastal Taitung, Taiwan.
Bangladesh witnesses highest dengue death rate in the world, with a death toll to
634 this year.
Australia’s govt to introduce legislation to tighten loopholes in workplace law.
Heath Streak, one of Zimbabwe’s greatest cricketers, passed away aged 49.
SPORTS
Tennis: India’s Rohan Bopanna and Australian partner Matthew Ebden enter
Quarterfinals of Men’s Doubles at US Open.
Indian team qualifies for FIH Men’s Hockey 5s World Cup 2024 in Oman.
September 5, 2023
INDIA
The annual training exercise, Trishul, of the Western Air Command (WAC) of the
Indian Air Force (IAF) has commenced.
After Chandrayaan-3’s rover Pragyan, its lander- Vikram, has been put into sleep
mode.
Union Shipping minister Sonawal inaugurates Vizag International Cruise Terminal.
Teachers’ Day is being celebrated throughout the country.
Culture Ministry unveils ‘Adopt a Heritage 2.0’ scheme to attract corporate funds for
maintaining monuments.
President of India, Droupadi Murmu unveiled the 12 feet high statue of Mahatma
Gandhi and inaugurated ‘Gandhi Vatika’ at Gandhi Darshan, New Delhi.
‘Gujarat Declaration’ underlining outcome of the first WHO Traditional Medicine
Global Summit 2023 was released.
ASI’s “Adopt a Heritage 2.0 programme” Indian Heritage app and e-Permission
portal has been launched.
Union Ministry for Education launches 3-year partnership with Meta, ‘Education to
Entrepreneurship: Empowering a generation of students, educators and
entrepreneurs’.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Paytm unveiled a soundbox device that lets merchants accept both mobile and card
payments across networks.
Federal Bank has introduced a ‘WhatsApp Lending Platform’ through which
customers can apply for pre-approved personal loan.
IBBI allows insolvency professional entities to make submissions electronically.
WORLD
Chinese Premier and second-ranked leader Li Qiang has been deputed to attend the
G-20 meet in New Delhi.
Israel and Bahrain Foreign Ministers agree to boost trade relationship.
UAE creates federal authority to monitor ‘commercial gaming’.
SPORTS
Defending champion Iga Swiatek crashed out of the US Open after defeat by Jelena
Ostapenko and will lose her No. 1 ranking.
US Open: Tennis player Novak Djokovic marched into the quarterfinals.
September 6, 2023
INDIA
Ministry of Tourism in collaboration with the United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), unveils the G20 Tourism and SDG Dashboard.
‘Green Hydrogen Pilots in India’ Conference was held in the run-up to G20 Summit.
India Post and Shiprocket partner to strengthen e-commerce export ecosystem.

India rejected the concerns of a team of United Nations experts about the current
situation in Manipur, saying the report was ‘unwarranted’.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and U.S. President Joe Biden will hold bilateral talks in
New Delhi.
Aditya-L1 enters new orbit, in the second earth-bound manoeuvre of the Aditya L-1
mission.
President Droupadi Murmu honours 75 teachers with national awards on Teachers’
Day
Dharmendra Pradhan launches the Malaviya Mission – Teachers Training
Programme by University Grants Commission.
Jal Jeevan Mission Achieves Milestone of 13 Crore Rural Households Tap Connections.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India enters MoUs with 8 countries to offer them Digital Stack, DPI at no cost.
Union Education Ministry signed an agreement with Adobe to help children develop
creative expression.
SEBI issued guidelines to strengthen cyber security and cyber resilience framework
for stock exchanges and other market infrastructure institutions (MIIs).
WORLD
India extends support to SCO Member Countries to enhance legal and judicial
capabilities.
Southeast Asian leaders decided that Myanmar won’t be allowed to lead ASEAN in
2026.
EU Chief warns that return of wolves to Europe a danger for livestock and also for
humans.
Russian President Vladimir Putin refuses to restore the Black Sea Grain deal.
SPORTS
Amul is official sponsor of Indian contingent at Hangzhou Asian Games.
Divya Deshmukh clinched the women’s rapid title at the Tata Steel Chess India
tournament
September 7, 2023
INDIA
PM Narendra Modi participates in ASEAN-India Summit and East Asia Summit in
Jakarta, Indonesia.
Maritime Partnership Exercise between Indian Navy Ship and Sri Lanka Navy ship
concludes at Port City, Sri Lanka.
The One Week One Lab programme of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR) will be organised from the 11th to the 16th of September this year.
Government approves scheme for Viability Gap Funding for development of Battery
Energy Storage Systems.
Indian Air Force (IAF) and Drone Federation of India will co-host Bharat Drone Shakti
– 2023 at Ghaziabad.
Minister for Rural Development and Panchayati Raj, Giriraj Singh chairs National
Conclave on Enabling 2 Crore ‘LAKHPATI DIDIs’.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
NPCI launches new payment options on payment platforms UPI including
conversational transactions.
Cabinet approves additional fund requirement under Industrial Development
Scheme, 2017 for Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
Centre issues advisory for mandatory stock disclosure of Masur (lentil) with
immediate effect.
WORLD
Mexico’s Supreme Court decriminalizes abortion across country.
The 8th of September has been designated as World Physiotherapy Day (World PT
Day).
China warns against ‘new Cold War’ at ASEAN summit.

A powerful 6.2-magnitude earthquake was recorded in northern Chile.
SPORTS
US Open Tennis: India’s Rohan Bopanna and his Australian partner Matthew Ebden
set to play Men’s Doubles Semifinal.
Indian men’s team clinches bronze medal at Asian Table Tennis Championships
2023.
Football: Mohun Bagan beat East Bengal 1-0 to lift Durand Cup 2023 in Kolkata.
September 8, 2023
INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi presented a 12-point proposal to expand cooperation
between India and ASEAN.
The West Bengal Legislative Assembly passed a resolution declaring Poila Baisakh,
the first day of the Bengali calendar, as Bangla Dibas, or West Bengal Foundation
Day.
Gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya (GSV)- Railway institute signs MoU with Airbus to create
jobs.
Uttar Pradesh to release dictionary for the regional dialects of State.
President Droupadi Murmu will inaugurate the biennial conference of the National
Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) of Asia Pacific in New Delhi.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The Centre has sought public comments on the draft guidelines for prevention and
regulation of “dark patterns” on the Internet.
Assets estimated at more than $12 billion had been attached since 2014 under the
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA).
State Bank of India (SBI) introduced ‘Nation First Transit Card’ to facilitate easy
digital ticketing- fare payments.
Finance Ministry notified rules to impose a 28% Goods and Services Tax (GST) for
casinos, e-games.
WORLD
The African Union (AU) is set to join the G-20 as negotiators agreed on clearing its
membership.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Financial Stability Board recommends for
sharing information to govern crypto assets.
U.K. rejoins EU’s science research programme -Horizon Europe.
SPORTS
US Open: Rohan Bopanna and his Australian partner Matthew Ebden reach the
men’s doubles final.
India beats Nepal and enters SAFF u-16 football semifinal.
September 9, 2023

INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi meets U.S. President Joe Biden in New Delhi.
Maharashtra government to bring home the wagh-nakh (‘tiger claws’) belonging to
Maratha King Chhatrapati Shivaji from the U.K.
Government set up Crafts Bazaar on sidelines of G20 Summit in New Delhi.
Phase Il of the 21st edition of Varuna (Varuna-23) bilateral exercise between Indian
and French Navy was conducted in the Arabian Sea.
G20 report recognized India’s 33-billion-dollar savings through Direct Benefit
Transfer system.
Third phase of mandatory hallmarking comes into immediate effect.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
RBI to discontinue Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio, in a phased manner.
World Bank’s G20 document praises India’s financial inclusion via digital public
infrastructure.
India’s forex reserves jump USD 4.03 bn to USD 598.89 bn.
RBI approves Dipak Gupta as interim MD & CEO of Kotak Mahindra Bank (KMB).
WORLD
Chinese Premier Li Qiang arrived in New Delhi for the G-20 Summit.
Bangladesh will hold a free, inclusive and credible election, Foreign Minister A.K.
Abdul Momen said.
Eight candidates contest in Maldives’ fragmented Presidential elections.
Starlink turned down Ukraine’s request for Internet access in Black Sea, prevented
attack.
SPORTS
Rohan Bopanna lost the hard-fought US Open final, gets runners trophy.
India’s Mayank Chakraborty and Kazakhstan’s Nazerke Nurgali emerged winners in

the Tata Steel Asian junior rapid chess.
September 10, 2023
INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi along with the leaders of Singapore, Bangladesh,
Italy, USA, Brazil, Argentina, Mauritius and UAE, launched the Global Biofuel Alliance.
G-20 Summit clinches New Delhi Declaration; forges consensus on the contentious
‘Ukraine paragraphs’.
India launched the Global Biofuels Alliance, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi
urging G-20 nations to join the initiative.
India proposed to launch a G-20 Satellite Mission for Environment and Climate
Observation.
The Manipur Cabinet approved a permanent housing scheme for displaced people
and extended the ‘disturbed area’ status of the State.
Union Education Ministry asks States to bring all data under one platform.
As many as 67 species of reptiles and 59 species of amphibians were identified in the
first herpeto-faunal survey at Wayanad.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Bharat 6G Alliance and Next G Alliance sign MoU to explore collaboration
opportunities
India and the U.K. agree to continue to work at pace towards a free trade pact.
India and Saudi Arabia join European Union and U.S. for an economic corridor
project.
WORLD
A rare and powerful earthquake struck Morocco, killing at least 1,037 people.
Kremlin said that it was sticking to its conditions for a return to the Black Sea grain
deal which it quit in July.
SPORTS
Chess: Russian former World Champion Alexander Grischuk lifts the Blitz chess title.
Tennis: Medvedev Stuns Alcaraz to Meet Djokovic in U.S. Open Finals.
September 11, 2023
INDIA
Mr. Modi handed over the ceremonial gavel to Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula Da
Silva, initiating the process of transition of the President’s Chair for the next round of
the G-20 in Brazil.
West Bengal state government has come up with the State Education Policy, 2023.
Uttar Pradesh plans to buy 1,800 electric buses under e-Bus Scheme.
India-Saudi Arabia sign MoU in several areas including energy, digitalization, and
investment.
G20 New Delhi Leaders Declaration agrees to form new Working Group on
Empowerment of Women.
Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh launches One Week One Lab programme to
showcase achievements of CSIR.
The third earth-bound manoeuvre of the Aditya L-1 spacecraft, India’s first space-
based mission to study the sun, was successfully performed.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Nifty 50 hits the 20,000 mark for the first time today, on the following day of the G20
Summit.
NTPC Green Energy Limited to collaborate with Nayara Energy for Green Hydrogen
Production.
WORLD
Dhaka and Paris signed two bilateral instruments to enhance cooperation in
different fields.
German economy is expected to contract this year, predicts European Commission.
Election Commissioner Arun Goel visits Maldives to monitor Presidential Election

2023
SPORTS
Australian batter David Warner surpassed Sachin Tendulkar to become the opener
with the most number of centuries in international cricket.
Tamil Nadu’s Vithya Ramraj wins the women’s 400m in a personal best 52.40s at the
Indian Grand Prix-5 athletics in Chandigarh.
India’s U-16 team triumphed in the SAFF U-16 Championship 2023, defeating
Bangladesh 2-0.
Viktor Axelsen clinched his first China Open title as An Se-young took the women’s
trophy.
September 12, 2023
INDIA
Supreme Court says its 2014 order striking down immunity for corrupt officials will
have retrospective effect.
Tamil Nadu government identified 1.06 crore women who will benefit from the
Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai (women’s basic income) Thittam.
CSIR’s Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar awards for 2022 have been announced, after a
year’s delay.
Odisha to recruit 20,000 teachers for primary schools at one go.
API Survey: Although 71% of adults (50 years and above) surveyed were aware of
adult vaccination, only 16% had taken any adult vaccines.
A start-up from Hyderabad, Arrobot, has developed an Unmanned Guided Vehicle
(UGV) for the armed forces.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Tata Power’s Tamil Nadu solar cell unit gets $425 million from US govt agency-
Development Finance Corporation.
India has offered to explore direct listing of its businesses on the London Stock
Exchange (LSE): U.K. Chancellor Jeremy Hunt said.
ITI Limited, a Central PSU under the Ministry of Communications, said it had
developed its own laptop and ‘mini PC’.
WORLD
Climate change is sparking human rights emergencies in numerous countries, the
UN rights chief said.
United States and Vietnam warned against the “threat or use of force” in the
disputed South China Sea.
Israeli delegation makes first open visit to Saudi Arabia to fix relations.
Ukraine claims to have regained control of Black Sea oil platform.
SPORTS
China’s Yin Ruoning became the World No. 1 in women’s golf by finishing third at the
LPGA Queen City Championship.
Vithya Ramraj came close to P.T. Usha’s 39-year-old 400m hurdles national record of
(55.42 seconds) by clocking at 55.43 seconds.
September 13, 2023

INDIA
Two deaths from the viral infection- Nipah virus were reported from Kozhikode
district, Kerala.
Cauvery Water Regulation Committee directed Karnataka to continue releasing 5,000
cubic feet per second (cusecs) of water to Tamil Nadu for another 15 days.
Rajnath Singh lays foundation stone for Nyoma airfield near the LAC in eastern
Ladakh.
The Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) will hold a festival of democracy
‘Vaishali’ in Nalanda University, Bihar.
Ayushman Bhav campaign will be inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi dedicated several rail sector projects worth around Rs
6,350 crore in Raigarh, Chhattisgarh.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s retail inflation eased slightly to 6.83% in August, from the 15-month high of
7.44% in July.
Farmers to approach Supreme Court against Indo-U.S. deal on poultry.
July industrial output rises by 5.7%, a 5-month high figure.
Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) unveils online allotment of safe deposit locker facility.
WORLD
Around 2,300 people dead and several others missing in Libya floods.
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un arrived in Russia ahead of a meeting with
President Vladimir Putin.
UN rights chief slams Taliban’s systematic assault on freedom.
SPORTS
India loses to UAE in AFC U-23 Asian Cup Qualifiers.
International Hockey Federation (FIH) withdraws hosting rights of the Olympic
qualifiers from Pakistan.
September 14, 2023

INDIA
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, laid the foundation stone of Downstream
Petrochemical Complex and Refinery Expansion Project, at BPCL’s Bina Refinery in
Madhya Pradesh.
Nipah cases rise to 5 in Kerala; 789 contacts are being kept under watch.
Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh launches the Swachhata Special Campaign 3.0
Portal.
India becomes the 13th country in world that can issue Internationally Accepted
OIML (International Organization of Legal Metrology) Certificates.
The flagship e-Courts project completes full circle with Supreme Court of India
onboarding the National Judicial Data Grid portal.
4th G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group Meeting concludes in Varanasi with
finalisation of the G20 Sustainable Finance Report, 2023.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India marks one year of launch of National Logistics Policy on 17th September 2023
Ministry of Defence leads as top procurer on Government e-Marketplace (GeM);
Contributes 16 percent of the overall Gross Merchandise Value.
Annual rate of inflation based on all India Wholesale Price Index for August, 2023
stands at (-) 0.52%.
WORLD
Europe’s central bank hikes interest rates again, even as threat of recession grows.
US Commission for International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) announced it will hold
a hearing on religious freedom in India next week.
The death toll in Libya’s coastal city of Derna has soared to 11,300 as search efforts
continue.
SPORTS
Shooting: 16-member Indian contingent to take part in ISSF World Cup, starting in
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Badminton: Ashwini Ponnappa-Tanisha Crasto enter pre-quarterfinals of Hong Kong
Open.
Asia Cup: India enters final after beating Sri Lanka by 41 runs in Super Four match.
September 15, 2023

INDIA
A cohort study has indicated that one of Omicron’s subvariant, XBB, is highly evasive
from available vaccines.
A Central team of officials is to visit Kozhikode district of Kerala on Friday where two
persons died due to Nipah infection.
Telangana Governor Tamilisai Soundararajan gives her assent to the TSRTC
(Absorption of Employees into Government Service) Bill-2023.
Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud announced the onboarding of the Supreme
Court on the National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG).
All reported births, deaths to be digitally registered on the Centre’s portal from
October 1.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s wholesale prices remained in deflationary mode for the fifth month in a row
in August, as it narrows to 0.52%.
Odisha Government has unveiled a subsidy scheme to attract investment and boost
the state’s stainless-steel production.
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) paid a dividend of ₹1,831.09 crore to the
Centre for 2022-23.
WORLD
The death toll in Libya’s coastal city of Derna has soared to 11,300.
Kim Jong-un invited Russian President Vladimir Putin to visit North Korea during a
rare summit.
NASA space agency released the findings after a yearlong study into unidentified
flying object (UFOs).
SPORTS
The first batch of equipment for the MotoGP Bharat arrived at the Buddh
International Circuit (BIC).
September 2, 2023
Proposed BNSS 2023: Changes to Mercy Petitions in Death Sentence Cases
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, aimed at replacing the Criminal
Procedure Code (CrPC), introduces modifications to the mercy petition process in death
sentence cases. These changes encompass crucial aspects such as justiciability, time
limits, and the gap between rejection and execution. Unlike earlier guidelines, the BNSS
provision does not necessitate the President to align with council of ministers’ advice in
death sentence cases. The provision allows convicts to file mercy petitions before the
President or State Governor within 30 days of certain triggers.

The Central Government reviews these petitions, making recommendations to the
President within 60 days. However, the BNSS doesn’t impose a time frame for the
President’s decision, raising concerns. The provision also bars judicial review of the
President’s decision, contrasting existing legal precedent. Notably, the proposed BNSS
lacks a specific time window between rejection and execution, a safeguard endorsed in
prior rulings.
How does the BNSS alter the mercy petition process for death sentence cases?
The BNSS introduces changes to the mercy petition process, removing the requirement
for the President to follow council of ministers’ advice. It allows convicts to file mercy
petitions within 30 days based on certain triggers, empowering both the President and the
State Governor to review these pleas.
What triggers prompt a convict to file a mercy petition under the BNSS?
Convicts can file a mercy petition when the Jail Superintendent informs them about the
dismissal of their appeal by the Supreme Court or the confirmation of the death sentence
by the High Court, along with the expiration of time to appeal. This initiates the process
for mercy petitions.
How does the BNSS address mercy petitions involving multiple convicts?
In cases with multiple convicts, the superintendent ensures all convicts file a mercy
petition within 60 days. If any convict doesn’t comply, the superintendent forwards their
details and case records to the Central or State Government for consideration.
What role does the Central Government play in the BNSS mercy petition process?
The Central Government reviews mercy petitions, seeks state government’s comments,
and makes recommendations to the President within 60 days. However, the BNSS doesn’t
specify a time limit for the President to decide on these recommendations.
How does the BNSS provision affect the judicial review of the President’s decision?
The proposed BNSS provision explicitly bars any appeal in court against the President’s
decision on mercy petitions. This contrasts with previous legal precedent that allowed
judicial review based on various grounds like mala fide intentions or failure to consider
relevant materials.
Does the BNSS address the time gap between mercy petition rejection and execution?
Unlike earlier rulings, the proposed BNSS does not specify a time frame between rejection
of a mercy petition and execution. This raises concerns regarding the mental and
emotional preparation of the convict, which was deemed essential in prior legal
judgments.
Delhi High Court Permits Stem Cell Therapy for Autism
The Delhi High Court has granted permission for two children with autism spectrum
disorder (ASD) to continue undergoing stem cell therapy, despite a recommendation
against its use by the Ethics and Medical Registration Board (EMRB) of the National
Medical Commission (NMC). The court ruling addresses the immediate situation but also
raises questions about the potential benefits and risks of using stem cell therapy for ASD.
Stem cells, with their regenerative properties, hold promise in medicine, but their
application remains experimental. While some experts believe stem cell therapy could
regulate the immune system and neural connectivity in ASD cases, the EMRB’s
recommendation highlights the lack of sufficient evidence and established protocols. The
court’s decision does not provide a general validation for stem cell therapy in ASD but
emphasizes that the NMC can further assess the matter.
What prompted the Delhi High Court to grant permission for stem cell therapy in ASD cases?
The court’s decision followed a petition by the parents of two children with ASD. They
challenged the EMRB’s recommendation against stem cell therapy, citing ongoing
treatment and the lack of conclusive evidence against its efficacy.
What are stem cells and how are they relevant to medical treatment?
Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into various specialized cell types. Their
regenerative properties make them valuable for treating diseases and conditions. Stem
cell treatments, a part of regenerative medicine, have been used for conditions like
leukaemia through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Why is stem cell therapy being considered for ASD treatment?

Some experts believe that stem cell therapy could regulate immune systems and neural
connectivity in ASD cases. This therapy remains experimental and is not yet a standard
treatment for ASD due to mixed clinical trial results, limited data, and potential risks.
What was the basis for the EMRB’s recommendation against stem cell therapy for ASD?
The EMRB recommended against stem cell therapy due to inadequate evidence, potential
risks and side effects, as well as “predatory marketing” that raised false hopes among
parents about “curing” ASD. They emphasized the need for established protocols.
What are the current treatments available for ASD?
There is no cure for ASD; current treatments focus on managing symptoms and
enhancing functionality. Treatments include social skills training, behaviour therapy,
speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychotropic drugs, and transcranial magnetic
stimulation.
What was the High Court’s ruling on the use of stem cell therapy for ASD?
The Delhi High Court’s ruling permits the ongoing stem cell therapy for the two children
with ASD. The court’s decision does not provide a blanket endorsement of stem cell
therapy for ASD treatment but rather allows the continuation of treatment in the specific
cases while acknowledging the NMC’s authority to consider the matter further.
Nobel Laureates Advocate for Muhammad Yunus Amidst Legal Proceedings
Over 100 Nobel Prize winners and global figures, including Barack Obama and Hillary
Clinton, have called upon Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to halt legal
proceedings against economist Muhammad Yunus. This petition follows previous
concerns regarding Yunus’s safety and contributions to poverty eradication.
Muhammad Yunus, renowned for his work in microfinance, co-founded the Grameen
Bank to provide collateral-free micro-credit to the impoverished. Despite international
recognition, Yunus has faced legal challenges from the Bangladesh government. The
allegations range from aggressive loan collection to misappropriation of funds. These

charges coincide with political changes and shifts in Grameen Bank’s management.
Despite ongoing legal battles, Yunus’s microfinance model has gained global prominence
as a strategy for addressing poverty.
What led to the global outcry and the call for Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to halt proceedings against
Muhammad Yunus?
The letter, signed by Nobel laureates and influential figures, seeks to end what they
believe to be continuous judicial harassment against Muhammad Yunus. They highlight
his contributions to poverty eradication and question the ongoing legal proceedings
initiated by the government.
What are the principles behind the Grameen Bank and its microfinance model?
Muhammad Yunus co-founded the Grameen Bank on the principles of “trust and
solidarity,” providing micro-credit without collateral to the poorest in rural Bangladesh.
The bank’s model, replicated globally, aims to uplift impoverished communities by
extending credit to marginalized individuals.
Why has the Bangladesh government initiated legal proceedings against Muhammad Yunus and the
Grameen Bank?
The government’s allegations against Yunus and the bank range from aggressive loan
collection practices to financial irregularities and not adhering to appointment norms.
Tensions between Yunus and the government escalated after his brief foray into politics
and changes in the bank’s management.
What role did politics play in Yunus’s legal troubles?
Muhammad Yunus’s brief involvement in politics led to tension with the government. The
government initiated a review of Grameen Bank’s activities and fired Yunus as managing
director, claiming violations of retirement regulations and exceeding the age limit.
What allegations have been brought against Yunus in recent years?
In 2013, Yunus faced allegations of receiving money without government permission,
involving his Nobel Prize award and royalties from a book. He also encountered charges
relating to other companies he created, including Grameen Telecom, part of Bangladesh’s
largest mobile phone company.
What impact have these legal proceedings had on Grameen Bank and Yunus’s work?
The government’s involvement in Grameen Bank’s management and ownership has
raised concerns about the bank’s independence and its founder’s ability to continue his
work. Despite the legal challenges, Grameen Bank continues its microfinance activities,
albeit with evolving dynamics.
ISRO Successfully Launches Aditya L1 Sun Observatory
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved a significant milestone by
successfully launching the Aditya L1 spacecraft, an observatory designed to study the Sun
from a distance of 1.5 million kilometers. The launch utilized the Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV), and the mission involved complex maneuvers, including firing the PSLV’s
fourth stage twice, to position the spacecraft precisely in its elliptical orbit.
Aditya L1 will gradually ascend through a series of maneuvers to reach its final
destination—a halo orbit around the L1 point, 1.5 million kilometers away from Earth. The
mission aims to provide unique data on the Sun’s outer atmosphere, radiation, particles,
and magnetic fields, contributing to a deeper understanding of our closest star and its
impact on Earth.
What is the significance of the Aditya L1 spacecraft?
Aditya L1 is an observatory developed by ISRO to study the Sun from a safe distance of 1.5
million kilometers. It carries a set of instruments designed to observe the Sun’s various
wavelengths, radiation, particles, and magnetic fields. The mission’s objective is to gain a
comprehensive understanding of the Sun’s behavior and its effects on Earth.
How was the Aditya L1 spacecraft launched and positioned in its orbit?
The spacecraft was launched using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). This mission
involved a unique maneuver where the PSLV’s fourth stage was fired twice to precisely
position the spacecraft in its elliptical orbit, demonstrating ISRO’s capability to undertake
complex orbital maneuvers.
What will be the path of the Aditya L1 spacecraft after launch?

The spacecraft will gradually be raised through a series of maneuvers to a halo orbit
around the L1 point, which is 1.5 million kilometers away from Earth. From this position, it
will observe the Sun’s activities and phenomena.
What are the scientific objectives of the Aditya L1 mission?
The mission aims to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere, radiation, particles, and magnetic
fields comprehensively. It carries seven payloads that will provide unique data not
collected by previous missions. Scientists worldwide are eager to receive the mission’s
results to enhance their understanding of solar behavior.
How does the Aditya L1 mission differ from previous solar observatories?
Aditya L1 is placed at the L1 point between the Earth and the Sun, allowing it to observe
the Sun continuously without any obstruction. ISRO is the third space agency, after NASA
and ESA, to establish an observatory at this point, demonstrating India’s capabilities in
solar exploration.
What are the expected outcomes of the Aditya L1 mission?
The mission will provide valuable insights into the Sun’s processes, including its radiation,
heat, flow of particles, and magnetic fields. This information will contribute to a deeper
understanding of space weather, solar cycles, and their impact on Earth’s environment.
September 4, 2023
Culture Corridor-G20 Digital Museum
The G20 Summit is set to showcase the rich art and culture of its member nations through
an exhibition at the Bharat Mandapam venue. The second level of Bharat Mandapam will
feature both physical and digital displays of iconic artworks from all 20 member countries
and 9 guest nations.
These submissions span five categories: cultural significance, iconic masterpieces,
intangible cultural heritage, natural heritage, and artefacts related to democratic
practices. Notable exhibits include the Magna Carta from the UK, Panini’s Ashtadhyayi
from India, Mona Lisa from France, the Gutenberg Bible from Germany, the Coatlicue
statue from Mexico, and more. The Culture Corridor-G20 Digital Museum, a legacy project,
aims to create a collaborative museum that celebrates global heritage.
Why is the G20 Summit venue hosting an art and culture exhibition?
The G20 Summit venue is showcasing an art and culture exhibition to promote cultural
exchange and understanding among member nations. By displaying various artworks and
cultural artefacts, the summit aims to highlight the diverse heritage and history of each
participating country.
What is the significance of the Panini Ashtadhyayi from India?
The Panini Ashtadhyayi is a linguistic text written by scholar Panini in the fourth century
BC. It sets the standard for writing and speaking Sanskrit, making it a crucial piece of
India’s linguistic history. Its inclusion reflects India’s contribution to the development of
language and its enduring impact on linguistic studies.
How were the submissions for the exhibition chosen?
Each of the 20 G20 member countries and 9 guest nations were asked to submit five
objects under different categories: cultural significance, iconic masterpieces, intangible
cultural heritage, natural heritage, and democratic practices. Submissions could be
physical or digital representations of cultural treasures.
What is the significance of the Culture Corridor-G20 Digital Museum?
The Culture Corridor-G20 Digital Museum is a collaborative project aimed at creating a
unique and innovative museum experience. It serves as a legacy project of the G20
Summit, fostering cultural exchange and understanding through the display of
masterpieces and artefacts from different countries.
Why is the Mona Lisa painting featured in the digital section?
The Mona Lisa is an iconic masterpiece from France, symbolizing artistic brilliance and
cultural heritage. By featuring it in the digital section, France aims to share its cultural
treasure with the world and celebrate the beauty and significance of this renowned
painting.
How does the exhibition contribute to the G20 Summit’s goals?
The exhibition aligns with the G20 Summit’s goals of promoting international cooperation
and dialogue. By showcasing diverse cultural masterpieces and historical artefacts, the
exhibition encourages cross-cultural appreciation and enhances global relations, fostering
mutual understanding among participating nations.
Personalised Adaptive Learning (PAL) to be Integrated into DIKSHA
The National eGovernance Division (NeGD), part of the Ministry of Electronics and
Information Technology (MeitY), is planning to integrate Personalised Adaptive Learning
(PAL) into the existing Digital Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing (DIKSHA) platform.
PAL employs AI-driven software to provide tailored learning experiences to students
based on their individual needs and abilities. DIKSHA, under the Ministry of Education,
offers e-content to schools through an online portal and mobile app. Despite its
usefulness, DIKSHA lacks dynamic content. The integration of PAL aims to enhance
learning outcomes by identifying gaps and looping students back to foundational
concepts.
How does PAL work to support students in their learning journey?
PAL employs AI to monitor student progress and identify areas of difficulty. For instance, if
a student makes a mistake in a calculation, the system detects it and redirects the student
to relevant foundational content, ensuring a better understanding of the concept.
What is the significance of categorizing and tagging content for PAL?
To create effective learning loops and provide targeted support, educational content
needs to be categorized and tagged. This tagging allows the AI system to identify specific
areas of difficulty and offer relevant explanations, fostering a more personalized learning
experience.
Why is the Ministry of Education keen on implementing PAL for difficult subjects?
The Ministry of Education intends to begin PAL implementation for challenging subjects
like Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics for Classes 9 to 12. By focusing on these
subjects, the initiative aims to improve learning outcomes and school retention rates,
addressing the issue of dropouts after Class 10.
What challenges have states faced in implementing PAL?
States like Assam and Haryana have faced budget constraints when implementing PAL.
While Assam discontinued the project due to funding issues, Haryana found the streaming
costs for content to be prohibitively high, leading to a standstill in the adoption process.
How does MeitY plan to enhance DIKSHA 2.0 with voice commands?
MeitY is considering the introduction of voice commands in DIKSHA 2.0 to enable students
to access chapter summaries and other features through spoken instructions. This AI-
enabled feature aims to make learning more accessible and user-friendly.
Impact of Extreme Weather on CEFM
A recent study published in the journal International Social Work reveals that extreme
weather events contribute to the increase in child, early, and forced marriage (CEFM) in
low- and middle-income countries. The study, led by researchers from Ohio State
University, establishes a connection between elements of structural oppression like
gender inequality and poverty, exacerbated by extreme weather, leading to gender-based
violence and inequities.
CEFM – an adaptive strategy during extreme weather conditions
CEFM serves as a means of reducing economic vulnerabilities. Instances from countries
like Bangladesh and Kenya reveal that marrying off daughters early can alleviate
economic and food burdens on households facing disaster-related challenges.
Cultural Practices and their Impact on CEFM and Extreme Weather Connection
The study finds that cultural practices such as bride price and dowry impact CEFM trends
during extreme weather. In regions where the groom’s family pays a bride price, CEFM
increases during droughts and rainfall shocks. Conversely, in regions where dowry is
common, such as India, girls are less likely to be married during droughts due to the
inability to afford dowry payments.

Cultural Practices’ Role in CEFM and Extreme Weather Link
Extreme weather events worsen gender-based violence and inequities, reinforcing gender
inequalities. CEFM can exacerbate the vulnerability of girls and women during such
circumstances, highlighting the urgent need to address these issues to ensure gender
equality.
Countering Child Marriage through Education and Empowerment
Education and financial control play a pivotal role in empowering women and girls to
make independent decisions. Research indicates that CEFM decreases as parental
education increases, emphasizing the importance of education in breaking the cycle of
child marriage.
Global Agreements Addressing Child Marriage
Some of the international agreements that cover the rights to protection from child
marriage and aim to combat this practice are as follows:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of

Marriages
Healthcare Professionals and Social Workers’ Role
The study underscores the significance of health professionals and social workers
comprehending the intricate interplay between child marriage and extreme weather. As
climate change is poised to exacerbate these challenges, these professionals must be
prepared to tackle the consequences of extreme weather on gender inequalities and child
marriage.
France Announces Ban on Disposable Vapes
In a bid to combat smoking and its associated health risks, France is set to implement a
ban on disposable electronic cigarettes, commonly referred to as “puffs.” Prime Minister
Élisabeth Borne unveiled the plan, which forms part of a larger strategy to curb smoking
rates in the country.
These disposable vapes, often flavored with enticing options like ice candy and
bubblegum, have raised concerns about their appeal to teenagers and their potential to
serve as a gateway to traditional smoking. While the government aims to deter smoking-
related deaths, it has opted not to impose further taxes on cigarettes.
What concerns are associated with disposable vapes?
Disposable vapes raise concerns about their appeal to teenagers due to their flavors
reminiscent of childhood sweets. There’s worry that these products may entice young
people to develop smoking habits and potentially transition to traditional cigarettes.
How does the ban fit into France’s broader anti-smoking plan?
The ban on disposable vapes is a key component of France’s comprehensive strategy to
reduce smoking-related deaths. The government aims to address the significant health
risks associated with smoking, which leads to around 75,000 deaths annually in the
country.
What measures are other European countries taking against disposable vapes?
Several European countries are considering or implementing measures against disposable
vapes. Belgium has banned online sales, Ireland is conducting a national consultation on
prohibition, and Germany has already banned flavored e-cigarettes.
How has Australia taken a stricter approach to vaping?
Australia has taken strict measures to control vaping by making vapes prescription-only,
reducing nicotine content, and restricting flavors. This approach aims to prevent vaping
from becoming a widespread habit, especially among young people.
How has New Zealand responded to the rise of vaping among teenagers?
New Zealand has implemented regulations to curb the rise of vaping among teenagers.
These regulations include a ban on most disposable vapes, limitations on marketing to
children, and restrictions on the proximity of vape shops to schools.
Priest of Pacopampa Tomb
Archaeologists in northern Peru have uncovered a 3,000-year-old tomb believed to honor
an elite religious leader from the Andean region. Known as the ‘Priest of Pacopampa,’ the
tomb was found in a highland archaeological zone.

The burial site, characterized by its large size and unique positioning of the body,
contained decorated ceramic bowls, seals, and a bone shaped into a tupu used for holding
cloaks. The tomb’s distinctive features, including anthropomorphic and jaguar-faced seals,
suggest rituals and ceremonial practices associated with elite individuals.
It has been speculated that the individual buried there held significant leadership status
during his time. The discovery sheds light on ancient religious practices and social
hierarchies in prehistoric Peru.
What items were found within the tomb?
The tomb contained decorated ceramic bowls, seals, and a tupu made from bone, which
would have been used to hold cloaks. These artifacts suggest the individual’s elevated
status and point towards rituals and ceremonies associated with elite members of society.
What features of the tomb indicate the person’s elite status?
The tomb’s seals, including one with an anthropomorphic face and another with a jaguar
design, suggest connections to rituals and possibly high-ranking roles. The unique burial
position and the presence of items associated with ceremonial practices also indicate elite
status.
Why is the tomb’s size and positioning unique?
The tomb’s size, approximately two meters in diameter and one meter deep, stands out
due to its larger dimensions compared to typical tombs of the era. The positioning of the
body lying face down with extended limbs is also unusual and adds to the tomb’s
distinctive characteristics.
What does the discovery reveal about ancient Andean religious practices?
The discovery provides insights into the religious practices of ancient Andean societies,
suggesting that rituals and ceremonies were central to their beliefs. The presence of
specific artifacts indicates the importance of symbolism and rituals in their culture.
How does this discovery compare to other tombs in the region?
The ‘Priest of Pacopampa’ tomb predates the tombs of the “Lady of Pacopampa” and the
“Priests of the Serpent Jaguar of Pacopampa,” discovered in 2009 and 2015 respectively.
The tomb’s unique features distinguish it from these earlier discoveries and contribute to
our understanding of historical developments in the region.
Groundwater Depletion in India to Triple by 2080 due to Global Warming
A recent report reveals that India’s groundwater depletion rate is set to triple between
2041 and 2080 due to the impacts of global warming. Despite potential increases in
precipitation, rising temperatures will lead to higher demand for underground water
resources, posing a significant threat to the nation’s water and food security.
The study found that as temperatures rise, farmers intensify groundwater extraction to
meet growing crop water needs, exacerbating the depletion problem. To address this
issue, the report recommends implementing policies such as rationing power supply,
metering electricity usage, promoting regional water resource development, and
rewarding farmers for groundwater recharge efforts. Efficient irrigation technologies and
cultivating less water-intensive crops are also suggested solutions.

Why might groundwater depletion continue to worsen despite potential increases in precipitation?
Groundwater depletion is expected to worsen as rising temperatures lead to higher
irrigation demands, which could outweigh any gains from increased precipitation.
What percentage of India’s irrigated agriculture relies on groundwater?
More than 60% of India’s irrigated agriculture depends on groundwater, highlighting its
critical role in food production.
How have farmers adapted to warming temperatures in India, and what are the consequences?
Farmers have intensified groundwater withdrawals in response to warming temperatures
to meet crop water demand, accelerating groundwater depletion and potentially
compromising long-term irrigation sustainability.
Why is it essential to target water-saving policies in south and central India in addition to northwest India?
South and central India have harder-to-recharge aquifers and less storage capacity than
northwest India, making it crucial to extend water-saving policies to these regions to
prevent the loss of irrigation capabilities as aquifers become overexploited.
First Tranche of Loans for UIDF Projects Set to Disburse Soon
The initial batch of loans to support ongoing projects in tier-2 and tier-3 cities, as part of
the Urban Infrastructure Development Fund (UIDF) introduced in the FY24 Budget, is
expected to be disbursed shortly. These funds provide low-cost loans to 459 tier-2 cities
and 580 tier-3 towns.
States are currently preparing proposals for new projects, with an emphasis on areas such
as sewage treatment plants, sewerage networks, water supply, sanitation, and road
construction. Additionally, the UIDF funding can be combined with other Ministry schemes
like Swachh Bharat Mission and AMRUT.
What is the purpose of the Urban Infrastructure Development Fund (UIDF) announced in the FY24 Budget?
The UIDF aims to provide low-cost loans to support urban infrastructure projects in tier-2
and tier-3 cities in India.

What is the eligibility criteria for cities to access funds from the UIDF?
Cities with populations ranging from 1 lakh to 9,99,999 (tier-2 cities) and 50,000 to 99,999
(tier-3 towns) based on the 2011 Census data are eligible for UIDF funding.
How will cities repay the loans obtained through the UIDF?
Cities must repay the loan amount within seven years from the date of withdrawal in five
equal installments, including a two-year moratorium period where interest payments are
due at the end of each quarter.
Can UIDF funds be used for any type of urban development project?
No, UIDF funds cannot be used for projects related to maintenance, administrative
expenses, housing, power, telecom, urban transport, health, or education, as specified in
the guidelines.
How does the UIDF interest rate compare to prevailing bank interest rates?
Cities can obtain loans at a rate 1.5 percentage points lower than the prevailing bank
interest rate through the UIDF, making it an attractive financing option for urban
development projects.
High-Level Committee Formed to Explore Simultaneous Elections in India
The Indian government has established a high-level committee, led by former President
Ram Nath Kovind, to examine the feasibility of holding simultaneous elections for the Lok
Sabha, state legislative assemblies, municipalities, and panchayats across the country. The
committee comprises members such as Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Congress MP
Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, and noted jurist Harish Salve, among others. However, Adhir
Ranjan Chowdhury declined to participate, expressing concerns about the idea’s
constitutionality, feasibility, and timing, especially close to the General Election.
The committee has been tasked with examining the legal and logistical aspects of
simultaneous elections, including potential constitutional amendments, the need for state
ratification, and handling scenarios like hung Houses and defections. It will also explore
the use of a single electoral roll and voter identification cards.
What is the primary objective of the high-level committee formed by the Indian government?
The committee’s main objective is to explore the possibility of conducting simultaneous
elections for various levels of government, including the Lok Sabha, state assemblies,
municipalities, and panchayats across India.
What aspects will the committee examine in its quest for simultaneous elections?
The committee will explore legal and logistical aspects, including potential constitutional
amendments, state ratification, scenarios like hung Houses, logistics such as electronic
voting machines (EVMs), and the use of a single electoral roll.
What is the expected outcome of the committee’s work, and what recommendations will it provide?
The committee will provide recommendations on the feasibility, legal framework, logistics,
and modalities of simultaneous elections, potentially leading to significant electoral
reforms in India.
National Conference on KCC for Fisheries

Union Minister of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying, Shri Parshottam Rupala, will
preside over a one-day “National Conference on KCC for Fisheries” on September 4, 2023,
in Mumbai, Maharashtra. This event, jointly organized by the Department of Fisheries
(DoF) and the Department of Animal Husbandry Dairying (DAHD), aims to tackle pressing
on-ground issues in the fisheries sector.
The conference will also involve representatives from financial institutions like RBI and
NABARD. The program, conducted in a hybrid mode, anticipates around 500 participants.
During the event, Minister Rupala will distribute KCC cards to eligible fishers and
fishermen, and stakeholders will discuss the way forward for the sector. Fisheries and
aquaculture are crucial for food, nutrition, and employment, supporting 2.8 crore fishers
and fishermen.
National Conference on KCC for Fisheries: Enhancing Welfare and Policy
The conference facilitates discussions among key stakeholders, addressing issues and
devising long-term solutions to ensure the seamless flow of credit, benefiting the fisheries
sector’s growth and development.

Significance of the Conference
This conference is vital as it addresses pressing issues in the fisheries sector, focusing on
the accessibility of institutional finance through the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme.
Role of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme
The KCC scheme was extended to fishers and fish farmers in 2018-19 to provide working
capital support. It simplifies credit delivery and financial inclusion in agriculture and
fisheries sectors, playing a vital role in income generation and equitable growth. It was
promoted by the government through awareness campaigns and mobilization drives. This
resulted in the issuance of 1.49 lakh KCCs to date.
Challenges
Financial institutions have encountered challenges in extending KCC facilities, some of
which include lack of land titles by farmers, which the Department of Fisheries aims to
understand and address through campaigns and outreach activities.
New LED Lights Worsening Light Pollution
The rapid adoption of LED lighting in the United States, aimed at saving energy and
reducing costs, is contributing to a growing crisis of light pollution. Government
regulations mandating energy-efficient lighting have unintentionally exacerbated the
problem.
Recent research reveals that the night sky is becoming 10% brighter each year, primarily
due to the proliferation of cheaper and brighter LED lights. This excessive artificial light
not only obscures our view of the stars but also disrupts sleep cycles, potentially leading
to health issues, affects insect populations, and results in the deaths of millions of birds.
Why is LED lighting contributing to light pollution?
LED lights, particularly the bright white variants, are exacerbating light pollution due to
their widespread use, as they emit more intense light and scatter it more effectively than
traditional lighting sources.

What are the consequences of increasing light pollution on human health?
Excessive light at night can disrupt sleep patterns, potentially leading to health issues such
as certain cancers and heart problems. It also affects our circadian rhythms and overall
well-being.
How does light pollution impact the environment besides obscuring the night sky?
Light pollution disrupts ecosystems by disorienting nocturnal insects and birds that rely
on darkness for navigation. This disruption contributes to the decline in insect populations
and the death of hundreds of millions of birds annually.
What measures are being taken to combat light pollution in the Greater Big Bend International Dark Sky
Reserve?
Communities in the reserve are switching to amber-colored LED streetlights and using
downward-pointing covers to reduce light scattering. They are also imposing fines on non-
compliant businesses and homes.
What role do major cities like Los Angeles, Chicago, and Phoenix play in addressing light pollution?
Even large cities are swapping bright streetlights for dark sky-friendly alternatives,
demonstrating that addressing light pollution is not limited to small communities.
Awareness and action are key to tackling this issue.
Is light pollution reversible, and what is needed to combat it effectively?
Yes, light pollution is reversible. It can be solved by raising awareness, implementing dark
sky-friendly lighting, and changing behaviors. Unlike many other types of pollution, it can
be significantly improved by simply modifying lighting practices.
September 5, 2023
"Education to Entrepreneurship" Partnership
In a significant step towards advancing India’s digital capabilities, Union Minister
Dharmendra Pradhan inaugurated a groundbreaking three-year partnership called
“Education to Entrepreneurship: Empowering a generation of students, educators, and
entrepreneurs.” The collaboration involves the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Skill
Development & Entrepreneurship, and Meta (formerly Facebook).
How does the “Education to Entrepreneurship” partnership contribute to India’s digital aspirations?
The partnership between the Indian government and Meta aims to empower students,
youth, and micro-entrepreneurs with digital skills. It aligns with Prime Minister Modi’s
vision to make India the global skill capital.
What are the key objectives of the collaboration between Meta and the Indian government?
The collaboration aims to provide digital marketing skills training to 5 lakh entrepreneurs
in 7 regional languages over three years. It seeks to bridge the digital divide and equip
India’s youth for the future, fostering inclusivity and empowering individuals to thrive in
the digital age.
How does this partnership support the National Education Policy (NEP)?
The initiative aligns perfectly with NEP’s goals by imparting essential digital skills,
benefiting both micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses.
What potential impact does this collaboration have on India’s digital transformation journey?
The collaboration is poised to be a catalyst for India’s digital transformation by enhancing
the country’s digital skills, particularly in the context of startups and small businesses. It
could significantly contribute to India’s digital revolution.
Visakhapatnam Port's International Cruise Terminal
Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal inaugurated the Vizag International Cruise
Terminal (VICT) along with several other projects valued at Rs 333 crore at Visakhapatnam
Port. These projects include a covered storage shed, a world-class truck parking terminal
and additional amenities.
The cruise terminal, capable of serving 2,000 passengers simultaneously, marks a
significant step towards developing Visakhapatnam as a future cruise hub. Minister
Sonowal set a goal to handle over nine lakh passengers by 2030, including both local and
international tourists. He emphasized the substantial potential of India’s cruise tourism
market and the continuous enhancement of Indian ports with modern infrastructure.
How does the covered storage shed contribute to cargo handling at Visakhapatnam Port?
The covered storage shed can handle 84,000 tonnes of bulk and bagged cargo while using
mist arrangement to suppress dust, making cargo handling more efficient and
environmentally friendly.
What amenities are offered at the truck parking terminal?
The truck parking terminal accommodates 666 vehicles and provides a 100-bedded
dormitory, shops, and other conveniences. It is essential for improving logistics and
providing comfort to truck drivers and workers.
What is the market potential of cruise tourism in India?
Cruise tourism in India has a market size of more than $7 billion, offering significant
economic opportunities and the potential to boost tourism in the country.
TDB Collaborates with Aloe Ecell to Promote Eco-friendly Aloe Vera-based Batteries
The Technology Development Board (TDB) has joined forces with Aloe Ecell Pvt. Ltd., a
Lucknow-based startup, to support the project “Commercialization of Eco-friendly 1.5V AA
size Aloe Vera-based batteries.” Valued at Rs. 2.98 crores, TDB’s substantial contribution of
Rs. 1.91 crores as a soft loan aims to boost green innovation.
Aloe Ecell has already received recognition, including the National Startup Award in the
Energy Sector 2020 and the Global Winners 2019 award. This collaboration exemplifies
government-industry cooperation in advancing sustainable innovation. It showcases the
government’s dedication to supporting visionary projects that combine technological
advancement with environmental responsibility, shaping a more sustainable future for
India.
Aloe Ecell’s approach to battery production
Aloe Ecell’s groundbreaking approach involves creating an environmentally friendly 1.5V
AA size battery using Aloe Vera’s properties, avoiding heavy metals and toxic chemicals.
This innovative approach promotes eco-friendliness and reduces environmental impact.
Alignment with ‘Mission LiFE’
‘Mission LiFE’ aims to promote lifestyle choices in harmony with ecological well-being.
TDB’s collaboration with Aloe Ecell, supporting eco-friendly Aloe Vera-based batteries,
aligns perfectly with this mission by offering sustainable alternatives to conventional
batteries.
Impact on the environment and battery industry
Aloe ECell’s project can contribute to a cleaner environment by offering eco-friendly
batteries. It may also drive innovation in the battery industry, emphasizing sustainability.
What role does Aloe Vera play in Aloe Ecell’s battery project, and how does it benefit the environment?
Aloe Vera’s properties are used to create an electrolyte for eco-friendly batteries, reducing
the use of heavy metals and toxic chemicals. This benefits the environment by minimizing
harmful waste and pollution associated with traditional batteries.
Digital India Experience Zone
The Digital India Experience Zone is set to be showcased at the 18th G20 Summit, which is
scheduled to be organized in New Delhi on September 9-10, 2023. It will display India’s
achievements in digital transformation and public infrastructure, offering hands-on

experiences and insights into initiatives such as Aadhaar, DigiLocker, UPI, and more.
Primary purpose and expected outcome of the 18th G20 Summit
The summit will serve as a culmination of G20 meetings and discussions that were held
throughout the year. The expected outcome of this event is the adoption of a G20
Leaders’ Declaration outlining commitments made during various ministerial and working
group meetings.
Role of G20 Digital Economy Working Group (DEWG)
The DEWG played a crucial role in shaping discussions around digital transformation. Key
outcomes include consensus on digital public infrastructure, financing, a global repository,
principles for businesses, digital skills, and a virtual center of excellence.
Significance of G.I.T.A. application
The G.I.T.A. application allows visitors to seek answers to questions related to the revered
holy book Shrimad Bhagwad Gita. It facilitates interaction and engagement in various
languages.
Cutting-edge technologies
The zone utilizes interactive displays, Virtual Reality, and more to engage visitors
meaningfully. Each installation is designed to resonate with its target audience, providing
immersive experiences and age-appropriate content.
‘Green Hydrogen Pilots in India’ Conference
In preparation for the 18th G20 Summit, a day-long conference titled “Green Hydrogen
Pilots in India” is scheduled to take place in New Delhi on September 5, 2023. The event,
hosted by NTPC Ltd., India’s leading integrated power producer, highlighted various
green hydrogen pilot projects undertaken by both public and private sector companies
across India.
Participants will have the opportunity to explore these projects, gain insights into clean
energy’s future, and engage in discussions to address technological challenges, establish

local supply chains, and enhance techno-economic feasibility.
Primary objective of the “Green Hydrogen Pilots in India” conference
The conference aims to showcase green hydrogen pilot projects in India, fostering
discussions, sharing achievements, and addressing challenges in the clean energy sector.
It is significant as it promotes sustainable energy solutions and aligns with India’s
National Green Hydrogen Mission.
Contribution of green hydrogen pilot projects
Green hydrogen pilot projects provide valuable insights, address technological challenges,
and help establish local supply chains, ultimately optimizing the feasibility of clean energy
solutions in India.
Key green hydrogen pilot projects showcased at the conference
Projects like green hydrogen blending, mobility solutions, green shipping, microgrids, and
more were showcased during the conference. It covered sectors like energy,
transportation, and manufacturing, demonstrating the versatility of green hydrogen.
Significance
The discussions during the conference facilitated information sharing, encouraged
collaboration among stakeholders, and addressed challenges faced by early movers in the
green hydrogen sector, promoting its technological growth and widespread adoption.
Alignment with the National Green Hydrogen Mission
The conference supports the goals of the National Green Hydrogen Mission by promoting
green hydrogen initiatives. It is expected to inspire collective efforts and advancements in
clean energy, contributing to India’s sustainable future.
WHO Unveils Gujarat Declaration
The World Health Organization (WHO) has unveiled the “Gujarat Declaration,” the
outcome document of the first WHO Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023. India, as
the host of the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar, Gujarat, plays a
pivotal role in advancing the summit’s action agenda.
The declaration outlines measures to integrate TCIM into national health systems,
promote standardized documentation, and establish a global network of TCIM reference
clinical centers. It also highlights the role of digital health technologies and emphasizes
the importance of biodiversity conservation and the rights of indigenous peoples in TCIM.
Significance of Gujarat Declaration
The declaration reaffirms global commitments to indigenous knowledge, biodiversity, and
traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM). It emphasizes the need for
rigorous scientific methods to understand, assess, and apply holistic and context-specific
approaches to health and well-being. It highlights India’s role in advancing these
commitments as the host of the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre.
Topics Covered
The summit addressed topics such as planetary and human health, research, universal
health coverage, data and digital health, biodiversity, ethics, and human rights. It provided
a platform to discuss and integrate traditional medicine into global health strategies.
Promotion of evidence-based traditional medicine interventions
The declaration calls for evidence-based TCIM interventions to support universal health
coverage and sustainable development goals. It emphasizes standardized documentation
and the establishment of TCIM reference clinical centers.
Incorporation of digital health technologies and AI in traditional medicine
The declaration highlights the importance of using digital health technologies, particularly
AI, to advance TCIM resources for people’s health and well-being, emphasizing their role
in modernizing traditional medicine practices.
Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control
The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) published
its comprehensive “Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control.” The
report highlights that human activities have introduced approximately 37,000 alien species
worldwide, including plants and animals, with over 3,500 of them identified as invasive
alien species. Invasive species have played a significant role in 60% of documented global
plant and animal extinctions.

The report underscores that invasive alien species represent one of the five primary
drivers of global biodiversity loss, alongside land and sea use changes, direct organism
exploitation, climate change, and pollution. It also highlights the negative economic
impacts of these species, with annual costs exceeding $423 billion in 2019.
What are invasive alien species, and why are they considered a major threat to biodiversity?
Invasive alien species are non-native species introduced to new regions through human
activities. They pose a significant threat to biodiversity because they can outcompete
native species, disrupt ecosystems, and lead to the decline or extinction of local species.
Invasive species often lack natural predators or controls in their new habitats, allowing
them to spread rapidly and negatively impact native flora and fauna.
What are the main drivers behind the increasing prevalence of invasive alien species?
The increasing prevalence of invasive alien species can be attributed to factors such as
increased human travel, trade, and the expansion of the global economy. These activities
facilitate the unintentional introduction of non-native species to new regions, where they
can thrive and become invasive. Globalization and intensified land and sea use contribute
to the accelerated spread of invasive species.
What are some of the significant economic and ecological impacts of invasive alien species highlighted in
the IPBES report?
The IPBES report notes that invasive alien species have led to economic costs exceeding
$423 billion annually. They frequently reduce food supply by damaging crops and
fisheries. Additionally, they can spread diseases (e.g., Zika, malaria), disrupt local
ecosystems, and cause extinctions of native species. Invasive species can also promote
more intense wildfires in some cases.
How are countries addressing the issue of invasive alien species, and what are the targets set for their
management?
Most countries have included targets related to managing invasive alien species in their
national biodiversity plans. Approximately 17% have specific national legislation
addressing the issue, while 69% include it as part of legislation in other areas. In
December 2022, governments agreed to reduce the rate of introduction and
establishment of invasive alien species by at least 50% by 2030 under target 6 of the
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Roots and Routes: Past Present and Continuous
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) will exhibit a 4,000-year-old chariot and hundreds
of other artifacts in an exhibition called “Roots and Routes: Past Present and Continuous”
during the G20 Leaders’ Summit. The exhibition is organized by India’s Ministry of Culture.
The National Museum is the nodal agency responsible for handling the insurance and
transportation of the artworks featured in the exhibition.
The exhibition will feature Indian antiquities, sculptures, pre-modern paintings, and
manuscripts from various government museums and galleries. The 500-piece exhibition
will take place at the National Gallery of Modern Art (NGMA) in Delhi, coinciding with the
G20 summit.
4,000-year-old chariot from Uttar Pradesh
The 4,000 years old chariot that was found in UP is considered significant because it sheds
light on India’s ancient history and civilization, indicating that it had reached a level of
development comparable to Mesopotamia in 2000 BC. Its inclusion in the exhibition is
aimed at highlighting India’s rich cultural heritage and achievements in the past.
Sourcing of the Artefacts
The artifacts for the exhibition are sourced from various central government museums
and galleries, as well as ASI’s site museums. What makes this exhibition unique is that it
brings together original works from these repositories, offering a rare opportunity to view
a diverse collection of Indian art and antiquities in one place.
Themes Covered
The exhibition will cover themes related to India’s democratic ethos, shared traditions,
outreach, sustainability, and the environment. It aligns with India’s G20 Presidency, which
focuses on restitution and repatriation of cultural heritage. The exhibition aims to
promote cultural exchange and showcase India’s cultural heritage in the context of G20
themes.
Fostering India’s Claim as the “Birthplace of Buddhism”
The exhibition includes artifacts related to Buddhism, such as relics of Amaravati and
Chola bronzes. These artifacts highlight India’s historical connection to Buddhism and
support the country’s efforts to promote Buddhist tourism through initiatives like the
Buddhist Circuit.
Major Tracks of G20
The G20 Summit, an annual gathering of world leaders, will take place in New Delhi on
September 9 and 10. It is the culmination of various G20 processes held throughout the
year, involving ministers, government officials, and civil society representatives.

Established in 1999, the G20 initially consisted of finance ministers and central bank
governors but evolved into a leaders’ forum after the 2008 financial crisis due to the need
for high-level discussions on global economic challenges and policy coordination. This
shift allowed heads of state to address broader socio-economic issues. The G20 currently
operates in three major tracks: the Finance Track, Sherpa Track, and Engagement
Groups.
What is the role of the Finance Track in the G20?
The Finance Track, led by finance ministers and central bank governors, focuses on issues
such as the global economy, financial regulation, and international taxation. It plays a
crucial role in coordinating fiscal and monetary policies among member countries.
How does the Sherpa Track contribute to the G20 Summit?
The Sherpa Track, composed of representatives of heads of state, addresses a wide range
of socio-economic issues, including agriculture, climate, education, and trade. It
formulates recommendations and strategies for leaders’ discussions at the summit.
What role do the Engagement Groups play in the G20 process?

Engagement Groups are unofficial civil society groups that draft recommendations for
G20 leaders. They cover diverse sectors such as business, labor, science, and youth,
contributing to the policy-making process and ensuring a broader range of perspectives
are considered.
Global South’s Debt Problem
Many developing nations are facing escalating external debt issues, with their debt levels
reaching the highest point in 25 years. This surge in debt has become a central topic of
discussion at the upcoming G20 Summit.
Several countries are actively addressing their debt crises, with varying degrees of
progress. Zambia, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Pakistan, Tunisia, Egypt, El Salvador, Kenya, and
Lebanon are among the nations dealing with these economic challenges, each employing
different strategies to manage their debt burdens.
Key Points:
1. Zambia: After being the first African country to default during the COVID-19
pandemic, Zambia has made progress with a $6.3 billion debt rework deal with
creditors and is working towards a comprehensive repair plan.
2. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka initiated a debt overhaul plan, with most domestic bondholders
agreeing to exchange bonds into new Sri Lankan rupee-denominated notes.
However, some aspects of the plan have faced delays.
3. Ghana: Ghana, which defaulted on most of its external debt in late 2022, aims to
reduce international debt payments by $10.5 billion over the next three years. The
government has made significant progress in addressing domestic debt and is in
discussions with bondholders.
4. Pakistan: Pakistan reached a bailout agreement with the IMF, Saudi Arabia, and the
UAE but faces challenges with tax reforms that may impact its renewables energy
market. This has raised concerns about its ability to meet climate obligations.
5. Tunisia: Tunisia is facing a severe economic crisis, with potential defaults looming.
President Kais Saied has criticized IMF terms for unlocking funds, and international
support largely hinges on IMF-related reforms.
6. Egypt: Egypt is grappling with a large hard currency debt burden and high interest
payments. The country’s success in managing its debt may depend on support from
wealthy Gulf nations.
7. El Salvador: El Salvador has improved its debt situation, partly due to debt buybacks
and fiscal policies. It shifted from a default risk to a bond market favorite, thanks to
President Nayib Bukele’s measures.
8. Kenya: Kenya’s public debt stands at nearly 70% of GDP, with the government taking
measures to address the issue, including tax hikes. However, political opposition and
protests pose challenges.
9. Lebanon: Lebanon has been in default since 2020, with no clear resolution in sight.
The central bank’s proposal to lift the currency peg represents a potential step
toward addressing the crisis.
India's "Import Management System" to Restrict IT Hardware Imports from China
Amid tensions between India and China and growing concerns about import dependency,
India is considering a new “import management system” for IT hardware. Under this
system, finished IT hardware like laptops, personal computers, and servers could only be
imported from “trusted geographies,” effectively targeting imports from China.
Why is India considering the “import management system” for IT hardware imports?
India is considering this system to reduce its import dependency on China and diversify
supply chains for IT hardware while still fostering domestic production. The move aligns
with India’s broader goal of becoming self-reliant in electronics production and become
an electronics manufacturing hub.
How does the “import management system” differ from the previously proposed licensing requirement?
Previously, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade had announced a requirement for
companies to obtain licenses for importing such devices, but it faced backlash and is now
being replaced by this new approach. The “import management system” differs from the
previous licensing requirement as it focuses on importing finished IT hardware from
“trusted geographies” rather than imposing a licensing process. It aims to encourage
companies to source their IT hardware from regions other than China.
What other sector in India has employed a similar strategy to restrict imports from China?
The telecom sector in India has implemented a similar strategy with the “trusted telecom
portal” and the National Security Directive on Telecommunication Sector (NSDTS).
Telecom companies are required to use “trusted products” from “trusted sources” in their
networks, excluding Chinese companies.
What is the significance of India’s imports of electronic goods and laptops/computers from China?
India’s imports of electronic goods and laptops/computers from China have increased in
recent years, making it an area of high import dependency. China accounts for a
significant portion of India’s imports in this category, which has raised concerns about
over-reliance on Chinese imports in the IT sector.
China's Vigilance Campaign
China, under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, has launched a nationwide campaign
to guard against perceived threats to the country’s national security. This campaign
includes mandatory courses on protecting state secrets even in unlikely departments like
veterinary medicine. China’s Ministry of State Security has opened its first social media
account, calling for a “whole of society mobilization” against espionage.
While some see this campaign as a response to growing economic challenges and tense
relations with the West, critics view it as reminiscent of Mao Zedong’s era, where people
were encouraged to report on each other during the Cultural Revolution. They argue that
it promotes paranoia and stifles freedom of expression and international engagement.
What is the primary focus of China’s nationwide vigilance campaign?
China’s nationwide vigilance campaign primarily focuses on involving ordinary citizens in
guarding against perceived threats to the country’s national security. It encourages
citizens to report any activities or individuals that may be considered suspicious.

How does this campaign blur the line between vigilance and paranoia?
While the campaign aims to enhance national security, it blurs the line between vigilance
and paranoia by encouraging a culture of suspicion and surveillance, where even minor
connections to foreigners are viewed with suspicion. This approach may lead to
unwarranted surveillance and reporting on innocent individuals.
What prompted China to revise its anti-espionage law and offer rewards for reporting spies?
China revised its anti-espionage law and offered rewards for reporting spies in response
to perceived threats to its national security. Tensions with Western countries and concerns
about foreign influence have contributed to this heightened emphasis on espionage
prevention.
How are young people in China being targeted in this campaign?
Young people in China are a particular focus of the campaign, with an emphasis on
expanding national security education in universities. Some universities have even created
student squads tasked with reporting those who engage with overseas websites or
individuals, increasing surveillance and control over students.
What are the potential consequences of the campaign on cultural exchange and international relations?
The campaign’s emphasis on suspicion and surveillance can have a chilling effect on
cultural exchange and international relations. Academics have stopped meeting with
foreigners, and venues have canceled performances by foreign artists. This could hinder
opportunities for dialogue and cooperation between China and other countries.
Manipur Proposes More Autonomy for Hill Councils Amid Conflict
Manipur’s state government has proposed granting more autonomy to existing
autonomous hill councils in an attempt to address the ongoing conflict and appease the
Kuki community. The Kuki community has been demanding separate administration since
the violence erupted on May 3, but the state government is opposing this demand and
suggesting increased autonomy for the existing councils as an alternative solution.

However, sources indicate that the Kuki community may not be willing to compromise,
arguing that the hill councils have proven ineffective.
Manipur’s hill areas were never included under the Sixth Schedule of the Indian
Constitution, unlike other northeastern states, which enjoy more extensive legislative
powers. The proposed solution aims to bridge this gap but faces resistance from various
quarters.
What is the Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution, and how does it relate to autonomous councils?
The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution provides for the formation of autonomous
administrative divisions within states, known as autonomous district councils (ADCs).
These ADCs have legislative, judicial, and administrative autonomy within their respective
states, particularly in matters related to tribal areas and their governance.
How do Manipur ADCs differ from Sixth Schedule ADCs?
Manipur ADCs differ from Sixth Schedule ADCs in terms of their legislative powers. While
Sixth Schedule ADCs enjoy wider legislative authority, Manipur’s ADCs have limited
powers, primarily focusing on personal matters like marriage, divorce, and social customs.
Additionally, Sixth Schedule ADCs receive central grants, while Manipur’s ADCs depend on
the state government for financial support.
Why did the hill people in Manipur boycott ADC elections for two decades?
The hill people in Manipur boycotted ADC elections for two decades (1990-2010) due to
dissatisfaction with the provisions and alleged non-cooperation from the state
government. They felt that the ADCs did not effectively represent their interests and
demands.
What challenges have hindered the functioning of ADCs in Manipur?
ADCs in Manipur have faced challenges such as inadequate devolution of powers,
budgetary constraints, and non-cooperation from the state government. Some powers
granted to ADCs remained recommendatory, and budgetary allocations were insufficient,
leading to non-functional ADCs in some cases.
How has the Ministry of Home Affairs viewed the functioning of ADCs in Manipur?
The Ministry of Home Affairs has observed that ADCs in Manipur have operated
haphazardly, with poor budgetary allocations resulting in ADCs struggling to pay salaries.
For practical purposes, many ADCs in Manipur are considered non-functional, according to
official sources.
Ukrainian President Zelenskyy Replaces Defense Minister
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has announced the replacement of his Minister
of Defense, Oleksii Reznikov, amid investigations into financial improprieties and official
corruption within the defense ministry. The change in leadership comes as Ukraine is
engaged in a counteroffensive, making gains in the south and east.
Role of Rustem Umerov
Rustem Umerov, the chair of Ukraine’s State Property Fund, has been involved in critical
roles for the Zelenskyy government during the conflict, including negotiating initiatives
and prisoner exchanges. His appointment as the new defense minister may be linked to
his experience and the need for new leadership amid ongoing warfare.
Assessing Ukraine’s Defense Ministry Performance Amid Conflict
While Ukraine has received significant Western military aid during the conflict, there have
been allegations of mismanagement and corruption in domestic weapons procurement
by the defense ministry. These allegations included overpayments for basic supplies and
delays in weapons deliveries. Reznikov had been praised for negotiating the transfer of
Western weaponry but faced criticism for these procurement issues.
Impact on international support for Ukraine’s war effort
Corruption allegations within Ukraine’s defense ministry have prompted concerns among
some U.S. critics of the war, potentially affecting international support for Ukraine’s war
effort. Transparency and effective management of aid and resources are essential for
maintaining support from Western allies.
Addressing Corruption
President Zelenskyy’s administration has taken measures to address wartime corruption,
including firing recruitment officers and proposing laws to punish corruption as treason
under martial law. Addressing corruption is crucial for Ukraine’s relations with Western
allies, as it demonstrates the country’s commitment to transparency and good
governance, which are essential for closer ties with Western nations, including the
European Union.
Surge in Asian Hornet Sightings in UK
The UK has experienced an unprecedented surge in sightings of the Asian hornet in 2023,
with 22 confirmed cases so far, raising alarm among conservationists. The Asian hornet
poses a significant threat to native bee populations, as it preys on them and can
dismember them. Its arrival would exacerbate the challenges faced by declining insect
populations and impact the broader ecosystem. Efforts to locate and eliminate nests are
underway, but the invasive species presents a formidable challenge once established.
What is the significance of the surge in Asian hornet sightings in the UK in 2023?
The surge in Asian hornet sightings is significant because it raises concerns about the
potential establishment of this invasive species in the UK, particularly in Kent. The Asian
hornet poses a severe threat to native bee populations and could have broader ecological
implications.
Why is the presence of Asian hornets in Kent a cause for concern?
The presence of Asian hornets in Kent is concerning because it suggests that the invasive
species may have already established itself in the region. Once established, eradication
becomes exceptionally difficult.
How do Asian hornets impact native bee populations?
Asian hornets prey on native bees, dismembering them and feeding on their thoraxes.
This predation poses a threat to already declining insect populations and has broader
implications for biodiversity. Native bees play vital roles in pollination and ecosystem
health.
What efforts are being made to control the Asian hornet population in the UK?
Efforts are being made to locate and remove Asian hornet nests in the UK. Favorable
weather conditions, combined with eradication efforts, could help prevent the hornets
from establishing a permanent presence. Vigilance and early detection are crucial in these
control efforts.
How do invasive species like the Asian hornet contribute to biodiversity loss on a global scale?
Invasive species are a major driver of biodiversity loss, contributing to global extinctions.
They disrupt local ecosystems and outcompete native species. The economic costs
associated with invasive species are substantial, impacting both ecosystems and
economies.
What are some solutions suggested by experts to address the issue of invasive species?
Experts suggest solutions such as border controls, import restrictions, and early detection
and eradication efforts to address the issue of invasive species. Preventing their
introduction into new environments is key to preserving biodiversity.
Why is it crucial for the public to remain vigilant and report sightings of the Asian hornet?
Early detection of Asian hornet sightings is crucial for taking swift and effective action
against this invasive species. While the Asian hornet does not pose a significant risk to
human health, it can cause substantial damage to honeybee colonies and other beneficial
insects.
Poriferisphaera hetertotrophicis
Researchers in China have identified a unique and mysterious new species of marine
bacteria called Poriferisphaera hetertotrophicis, found in sediment samples from the deep
ocean floor. The bacteria belong to the Planctomycetes phylum. This finding advances our
understanding of deep-sea microbiology and chemical processes.
Why is this discovery significant?
The discovery of this new species of marine bacteria is significant because it advances our
understanding of deep-sea conditions and microbiology. It fills a knowledge gap
regarding Planctomycetes bacteria in deep-sea environments and provides insights into
nitrogen metabolism and bacterial interactions.
How was Poriferisphaera hetertotrophicis cultured in the lab?
The bacteria were cultured in a lab using sediment from a cold seep on the ocean floor,
simulating deep-sea conditions. Unique characteristics observed during cultivation
included a novel budding mechanism not seen in other Planctomycetes strains and faster
growth compared to other cultured bacteria.
What role does Poriferisphaera hetertotrophicis play in the nitrogen cycle?
The new species of bacteria interacts with nitrogen in a unique way and releases a
bacteriophage (bacteria-hugging virus) in the presence of nitrogen. This bacteriophage,
called phage-ZRK32, is chronic and lives within its host without killing it. Both the bacteria
and phage are important to the nitrogen cycle, and further research may explore their
interactions with other strains of Planctomycetes and their impact on the ocean
environment.
What can future research on Poriferisphaera hetertotrophicis and phage-ZRK32 explore?
Future research can investigate how phage-ZRK32 interacts with other strains of
Planctomycetes and its effects on the ocean environment. Additionally, further studies
may delve into the specific mechanisms of nitrogen processing and metabolism exhibited
by Poriferisphaera hetertotrophicis, providing insights into its role in the ecosystem.
September 6, 2023
One-Hour Trade Settlement
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has announced plans to introduce one-
hour trade settlement by March 2024, a significant development in the country’s financial
market infrastructure. Currently operating on a T+1 settlement cycle, where trade-related
settlements occur within 24 hours, this move aims to enhance operational efficiency and
expedite fund remittances and share deliveries for market participants.
While the technology for one-hour settlement is already available, the move towards
instantaneous settlement requires additional technology development and is expected to
be implemented by the end of 2024. The new system will enable investors to have funds
credited and shares delivered within just one hour of a trade.
What is trade settlement?
Trade settlement is the process of transferring funds and securities on the settlement
date. It is essential as it ensures that purchased securities are delivered to the buyer, and
the seller receives the money.
How does the current T+1 settlement cycle benefit India’s stock market?
The T+1 cycle provides operational efficiency, faster fund remittances, share delivery, and
convenience for stock market participants. India adopted this cycle in January, following
China’s lead, becoming the second country to do so.
Why is SEBI planning to introduce one-hour trade settlement before moving to instantaneous settlement?
SEBI believes that implementing one-hour trade settlement is quicker due to the existing
technology, while instantaneous settlement requires additional technological
development, which may take more time. One-hour settlement is seen as a more
immediate solution.
What are the benefits of one-hour trade settlement for investors and the stock market?
In a one-hour settlement, when an investor sells a share, the money is credited to their
account within an hour, and the buyer receives the shares in their demat account within
the same timeframe. This significantly speeds up the trade settlement process.
What are the challenges and complexities associated with transitioning to instantaneous trade
settlement?
Instantaneous trade settlement requires advanced technology and infrastructure, making
it a more complex and time-consuming process compared to the one-hour settlement.
SEBI anticipates implementing it by the end of 2024.
What is the impact of one-hour trade settlement?
The introduction of one-hour trade settlement is likely to encourage more trading activity
as investors can access funds and shares faster. This increased liquidity may affect market
dynamics and trading strategies.

UPI QR Code-Central Bank Digital Currency interoperability
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is spearheading an innovative move towards
interoperability between Unified Payments Interface (UPI) Quick Response (QR) codes and
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). This integration allows users of the retail digital
rupee (e₹) to make transactions by scanning any UPI QR code at merchant outlets.
Additionally, merchants can accept digital rupee payments through their existing UPI QR
codes, simplifying the payment process.
About interoperability (in context of payment systems)
Interoperability, as defined by RBI, is the technical compatibility enabling payment
systems to work seamlessly with others. It promotes co-existence, innovation, and
efficiency across different systems. The UPI QR Code-CBDC interoperability ensures that
all UPI QR codes are compatible with CBDC apps, streamlining transactions.
How does the interoperability of UPI QR codes with CBDC benefit users of the retail digital rupee (e₹)?
The interoperability allows e₹ users to make transactions by scanning any UPI QR code at
merchant outlets, eliminating the need for a specific QR code. It simplifies the payment
process and enhances convenience.
e₹ vs CBDC
The retail digital rupee (e₹) is a tokenized digital version of the Indian rupee held in a
digital wallet linked to a customer’s savings bank account. CBDC issued by RBI is also a
digital version of the rupee but may have broader use cases.
Role of QR codes
QR codes are visual representations of information that can be scanned by devices. In this
context, they allow for the seamless transfer of payment information, ensuring
interoperability between systems.
Impact on digital rupee adoption
The integration of UPI and CBDC is expected to boost digital rupee adoption due to the
widespread use of UPI. In July, there were 1.3 million customers and 0.3 million merchants
using e₹, with daily transactions ranging from 5,000 to 10,000.
Impact on the broader digital currency ecosystem
The integration is likely to enhance the acceptance and utilization of digital currencies in
everyday transactions, potentially transforming the digital currency ecosystem in the
country.
India's First BS6 Stage II Flex-Fuel Hybrid
Toyota has unveiled the Innova Hycross prototype, a groundbreaking development for
India’s automotive industry. This initiative aligns with the Indian government’s efforts to
deploy flex-fuel technology, following global models like Brazil, Canada, and the United
States. The next steps include testing, calibration, homologation, and certification before
commercial deployment.
Key Facts About Hycross Prototype
This vehicle is equipped with a flex-fuel hybrid powertrain, marking Toyota’s foray
into India’s flex-fuel market.

It’s the world’s first BS6 Stage II-compliant flex-fuel vehicle.
The prototype combines a 2-liter Atkinson Cycle petrol engine with an electric motor,
ensuring it can run efficiently on petrol blended with over 20% ethanol. This aligns
with India’s current ethanol blending mandate.
Hycross flex-fuel prototype’s performance matches that of the standard Hycross
hybrid, and it boasts low carbon emissions on a well-to-wheel basis.
Significance
The Innova Hycross prototype introduces flex-fuel hybrid technology to India and
represents a significant step toward reducing the nation’s reliance on imported crude oil.
It also aligns with environmental goals by promoting ethanol blending.
About flex-fuel vehicle
A flex-fuel vehicle can run on a variety of fuels or fuel mixtures, including petrol and
ethanol. It differs from traditional petrol vehicles by its ability to adapt to different fuel
types or blends.
Impact on emissions and fuel consumption

Flex-fuel vehicles lower harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur, and nitrogen
oxides due to ethanol blending. However, they may experience a slight reduction in fuel
efficiency when using ethanol. Acceleration performance often improves with higher
ethanol blends.
Maldives Presidential Elections 2023
The upcoming presidential elections in the Maldives, scheduled for September 9, are
expected to be pivotal for both the country’s internal politics and its role in regional
geopolitics. Several developments have set the stage for these elections:
Internal Political Divisions
Cracks within the ruling Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP) emerged in early 2023,
primarily driven by differences between President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih and former
President Mohamed Nasheed. Nasheed’s dissatisfaction grew after the Solih government
shifted its support away from his views, resulting in Nasheed forming a new political party
called The Democrats.
Ruling vs. Opposition:
The Maldives Supreme Court’s decision to bar jailed former President Abdulla Yameen
Abdul Gayoom from contesting the presidential election was a setback for the main
opposition party, the Progressive Party of Maldives (PPM). It forced the PPM to nominate
Mohamed Muizzu as their candidate.
Multiple Candidates
This year’s elections feature eight candidates, including Ilyas Labeeb from The Democrats,
Mohamed Muizzu from PPM, and Qasim Ibrahim from the Jumhooree Party. Independent
candidates include Ahmed Faris Maumoon, Umar Naseer, and Hassan Zameel.
Key Election Issues
The election agenda includes matters such as the influx of foreign workers, disputes over
Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) between Maldives and Mauritius, and concerns about the
country’s increasing debt.
Geopolitical Implications
The Maldives occupies a strategic location in the Indian Ocean, making its political
landscape influential in regional geopolitics. The outcome of the elections could have
implications for foreign policy and regional dynamics.
India-Maldives Relations
Under President Solih, relations with India improved compared to the previous
administration. However, there have been occasional challenges, such as the ‘India Out’
campaign. Both governments acknowledge India’s role in the region.
Presidential candidates’ foreign policy stance regarding India
While some candidates have expressed a commitment to a balanced foreign policy that
promotes friendship and development partnerships with various countries, others have
advocated for an ‘India First’ policy with certain limitations.
Sculptures at Bharat Mandapam
India has unveiled two remarkable sculptures ahead of the G20 Summit, showcasing its
rich cultural heritage and symbolism:
The Nataraja Sculpture
Standing at 27 feet and weighing approximately 20 tonnes, this Nataraja sculpture
was crafted by traditional Sthapatis of Swamimalai, specialists in Hindu temple
architecture.
It took around 3.25 lakh man-hours to create using the lost wax-casting process and
adhering to the Silpa Shastra, ancient Hindu texts that guide sculpture and
iconography.
The sculpture is crafted using eight metals, known as “ashta dhatu,” each with its own
symbolic meaning. The Chila tradition is a distinct style of sculpture that emerged in
southern India in the 9th century. It reflects the region’s artistic and cultural heritage.
The Nataraja sculpture represents Lord Shiva’s cosmic dance, symbolizing the
omnipresent and infinite nature of divinity. It is a synthesis of religion, philosophy, art,
craft, and science, deeply rooted in Hindu spirituality.
The Harappan Dancing Girl Replica
Inside the venue, a life-sized bronze replica of the 4,500-year-old Harappan
Dancing Girl sculpture has been displayed.
This girl figure, discovered during Mohenjodaro excavations in 1926, represents the
Sindhu-Saraswati Civilization.
While the original stands at 10.5 cm, the replica is 5 ft tall and weighs 120 kg.
The Harappan Dancing Girl represents the rich cultural history of the Sindhu-Saraswati
Civilization.
Its placement at the G20 Summit venue highlights India’s archaeological treasures and
historical legacy.
Indian Army Seeks Armoured Recovery Vehicles for Diverse Terrains

The Indian Army is looking to acquire 170 Armoured Recovery Vehicles (ARVs) mounted on
tracked platforms to support its operations in various terrains. The procurement aims to
enhance the repair and recovery capabilities of the army’s mechanized formations.
The request for information specifies that the ARVs should offer cross-country mobility,
protection, and the ability to carry six personnel, including a driver and commander.
Additionally, they should be equipped with utility tools like cranes, winches, and special
maintenance equipment for versatile repair and recovery tasks.
Why is the Indian Army seeking to procure Armoured Recovery Vehicles (ARVs)?
ARVs are essential for repairing and recovering armored fighting vehicles during
operations, especially in hostile conditions. They play a critical role in maintaining the
operational readiness of mechanized formations.
What are the specific terrain requirements mentioned in the procurement request?
The ARVs should be suitable for both desert and plain terrains along the western borders
and high-altitude mountainous terrains in eastern Ladakh or north Sikkim. Adaptability to
diverse terrains ensures that the army can deploy these vehicles effectively in various
operational scenarios.
What are the key features and equipment that the Indian Army is looking for in these ARVs?
The ARVs should have utility equipment, including cranes, winches, and special
maintenance tools, to perform various repair and recovery tasks. They should also provide
protection and the ability to transport a crew of six.
How does the procurement of these ARVs align with the broader strategic goals of the Indian Army?
The procurement of ARVs is in line with the army’s goal to bolster its mechanized
formations by ensuring that recovery vehicles with advanced mobility and repair
capabilities are available, thus enhancing its operational readiness.
What implications does this procurement?
The procurement presents opportunities for the Indian defense industry to design and
manufacture specialized armored recovery vehicles, contributing to the country’s defense
capabilities and self-reliance.
SC Panel's Findings on the Living Conditions of Women in Indian Prisons
A Supreme Court-appointed committee has exposed alarming conditions in Indian
prisons, highlighting the dire situation faced by female inmates. The findings reveal that
only prisons in Goa, Delhi, and Puducherry allow female prisoners to meet their children
without bars or glass separation. Furthermore, less than 40% of prisons in India provide
sanitary napkins for female inmates, and 75% of female wards share kitchens and
common facilities with male wards. These conditions are particularly challenging for
women in incarceration, affecting their access to essential facilities, medical care, legal aid,
paid labor, and recreational activities.
What are the key findings of the Supreme Court-appointed committee?
The committee found that female inmates in Indian prisons face inadequate access to
basic facilities, medical care, legal aid, and recreational activities. They also often share
kitchens and common facilities with male wards.

How has the female prison population in India changed in recent years
Between 2014 and 2019, the female prison population in India increased by 11.7%, and by
2019, women accounted for 4.2% of the total prison population.
Why do only 18% of women prisoners in India have access to exclusive women’s prison facilities?
The report highlights that only 15 states and Union Territories have functional women’s
prisons, leading to the lodging of all categories of female prisoners in the same wards and
barracks, regardless of whether they are undertrials or convicts.
What are some of the challenges faced by female inmates on the medical front?
Female inmates lack separate medical and psychiatric wards, basic facilities for child
delivery, and healthcare professionals to address gender-specific health needs.
Additionally, a significant number of states and Union Territories lack psychiatric wards for
women inmates.
Annual Report on 'Changes in Per Capita Coal Power Emissions of G20 Countries'
India witnessed a significant 29% increase in per capita coal emissions in 2022 compared
to 2015, while G20 countries collectively experienced a 9% rise in per capita coal emissions,
reaching 1.6 tonnes of carbon dioxide per capita in 2022, according to a report by global
energy think tank ‘Ember.’
The analysis, titled ‘Changes in per capita coal power emissions of G20 countries,’
highlights the transition to clean electricity worldwide. Despite some G20 economies
reducing their per capita coal emissions since 2015. The report emphasizes the role of the
G20 in global efforts to accelerate clean power and discusses the upcoming G20 Leaders’
Summit in India, where discussions on energy transition will play a crucial role.
What is the key finding of the Ember report regarding India’s per capita coal emissions in 2022?
The report reveals that India experienced a significant 29% increase in per capita coal
emissions in 2022 compared to 2015.
Which countries were identified as the worst polluters in terms of per capita coal emissions in 2022?
Australia and South Korea were highlighted as the worst polluters, leading in coal
pollution by more than three times the world average, despite both countries reducing
their per capita coal emissions by 26% and 10%, respectively, since 2015.
What factors contributed to the increase in per capita coal power emissions in China?
China’s per capita coal power emissions increased by 30% in the same period. This rise
was primarily attributed to rapidly growing demand that outpaced the growth in clean
generation, despite the addition of 670 GW of renewables during the same period.
Why is the G20 considered significant in the context of global efforts to accelerate clean power?
The G20 represents approximately 80% of global power sector carbon dioxide emissions,
making it a crucial player in either advancing or hindering global initiatives aimed at
accelerating the adoption of clean power.
What role is India expected to play in the upcoming G20 Leaders’ Summit?
As the host of the G20 Summit, India has the opportunity to assume climate leadership
within the G20 and hold member countries accountable. It can advocate for initiatives
such as tripling renewables by 2030 and encourage developed countries to reduce their
per capita emissions.
Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Passes Bills for Airport Area Planning and Court Fees
The Arunachal Pradesh Assembly has passed two significant government bills. The first,
the “Arunachal Pradesh Airport Area Planning and Development Authority Bill,”
emphasizes the importance of developing airports and adjoining areas to international
standards in anticipation of an influx of tourists. The second bill, the “Arunachal Pradesh
Court Fees Bill,” makes provisions related to court fees in the state.
What is the objective of the “Arunachal Pradesh Airport Area Planning and Development Authority Bill”?
The bill aims to regulate the growth and development of areas around airports in
Arunachal Pradesh, including the newly constructed Donyi Polo Airport, to meet
international standards and accommodate anticipated tourism.
What is the significance of the “Arunachal Pradesh Court Fees Bill”?
This bill addresses provisions related to court fees in Arunachal Pradesh. It comes as a
response to a directive from the Union Law and Justice ministry, which has proposed
repealing the Court Fees Act, 1870, and has instructed states to enact their own state-
specific court fee acts.
How is the Court Fee Act, 1870, currently followed in Arunachal Pradesh’s legal system?
The Court Fee Act, 1870, a pre-independence and pre-Constitution law, is extended to
Arunachal Pradesh, and it is followed in the state’s courts in accordance with the Assam
Court Fees (Amendment) Act, 1972, as the state does not have its own high court.
TRAI Recommends Changes to FM Radio Broadcasting Regulations
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has released its recommendations on
issues related to FM Radio Broadcasting in response to a request from the Ministry of
Information and Broadcasting (MIB). The purpose of these recommendations is to
address key issues related to FM Radio Broadcasting, including the calculation of annual
license fees, the extension of license periods, permitting private FM radio broadcasting of
news, ensuring the availability of FM radio receivers in mobile handsets, and establishing
compliance oversight measures.
De-linking Annual License Fee from Entry Fee
TRAI recommends removing the linkage of the annual license fee for FM radio channels to
the Non-Refundable One Time Entry Fee (NOTEF). Instead, the license fee should be
calculated as 4% of the Gross Revenue (GR) of the FM radio channel during the respective
financial year, with GST excluded from GR.
Extension of FM License Period
TRAI suggests extending the existing FM license period of 15 years by an additional 3
years.
Private FM Radio Broadcasting of News
TRAI recommends permitting private FM radio channels to broadcast independent news
bulletins, limited to 10 minutes in each clock hour. It also proposes applying the program
code of conduct for news content as applicable to All India Radio to private FM radio
channels.
Availability of FM Radio Receivers in Mobile Handsets
TRAI proposes that functions or features related to FM radio should remain enabled and
activated on all mobile handsets with the necessary hardware. Built-in FM radio receivers
in mobile handsets must not be subject to any form of disablement or deactivation.
Compliance Oversight
TRAI suggests the establishment of a Standing Committee, headed by a senior officer of
Joint Secretary or above level, to oversee and monitor compliance by mobile phone
manufacturers (or importers) regarding the enablement of FM radio functionality in
mobile handsets. The committee should include key stakeholders such as MIB, AROI,
MAIT, and ICEA.
Online Grievance Redressal Portal
TRAI recommends the creation of an online grievance redressal portal for submitting
information or complaints in cases of non-compliance regarding the enablement of FM
radio functionality in mobile handsets with the necessary hardware.
India Post Partners with Shiprocket to Enhance E-commerce Exports

India Post, as part of its efforts to bolster the country’s e-commerce export ecosystem,
has entered into a collaboration with Bigfoot Retail Solution Pvt Ltd (Shiprocket), a leading
e-commerce enablement platform. This agreement facilitates technical integration
between Dak Ghar Niryat Kendra (DNK) and Shiprocket, enabling India-based sellers using
Shiprocket to generate electronic Postal Bill of Export (PBE) and shipping labels directly
from the Shiprocket platform. Additionally, exporters can access packaging, label printing,
pickup services, and send their shipments to the nearest DNK across the country.
What is the main objective of the collaboration between India Post and Shiprocket in the e-commerce
sector?
The collaboration aims to enhance e-commerce exports by leveraging India Post’s
extensive reach and reliable shipping solutions to benefit India-based sellers using the
Shiprocket platform.
What are some of the recent initiatives taken by India Post to support e-commerce exports?
India Post has expanded Foreign Post Offices, introduced the Postal Bill of Export for
commercial exports through post offices, launched an International Tracked Packet
Service, and established Dak Ghar Niryat Kendras (DNKs) across the country. These
initiatives facilitate online order processing, export documentation, compliance, and
Customs clearance.
How will the technical integration between DNK and Shiprocket benefit India-based sellers using the
platform?
The integration allows India-based sellers using Shiprocket to generate electronic Postal
Bill of Export (PBE) and shipping labels directly from the Shiprocket platform. Additionally,
exporters can access packaging, label printing, pickup services, and send their shipments
to the nearest DNK across the country.
What potential impact can this partnership have on the e-commerce and export landscape in India?
This partnership holds the potential to streamline e-commerce exports, reduce costs, and
enhance the efficiency of global parcel services for India-based sellers. It can also
contribute to the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) participating in e-
commerce.
G20 Tourism and SDG Dashboard
The Ministry of Tourism in collaboration with the United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), has introduced the G20 Tourism and SDG Dashboard. This online
platform, developed during India’s G20 Presidency, is designed to showcase exemplary
sustainable tourism practices, case studies, and insights from G20 nations that align with
the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the tourism sector. It was inaugurated
through a virtual launch event attended by G20 Member countries, invited nations,
international organizations, Indian States & Union Territories, and industry stakeholders.
How was the dashboard created, and what information does it consolidate?
The dashboard was created through India’s G20 Presidency and consolidates information
from the G20 Tourism Working Group, including the GOA Roadmap, survey results, and
best practices from G20 countries.

How does this initiative align with India’s commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development
Goals 2030?
This initiative aligns with India’s commitment to harness digitalization for the betterment
of the tourism sector and the achievement of the SDGs, contributing to sustainable,
resilient, and inclusive tourism.
What role is the G20 Tourism and SDG Dashboard expected to play in the tourism industry’s future?
The dashboard is expected to serve as a collaborative knowledge-sharing platform,
guiding the global community toward more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive tourism
practices.
September 7, 2023
Viability Gap Funding for development of BESS
The Union Cabinet has given the green light to the Scheme for Viability Gap Funding (VGF)
aimed at fostering the development of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). This
ambitious scheme aspires to generate 4,000 MWh of BESS projects by 2030-31, backed by
up to 40% capital cost support in the form of VGF. It represents a crucial stride in the
government’s pro-environment initiatives, expected to reduce the costs of battery storage
systems, thus enhancing their viability.
Primarily designed to tap into the potential of renewable energy sources like solar and
wind power, the scheme seeks to provide clean, reliable, and cost-effective electricity to
citizens. With an initial outlay of Rs. 9,400 crore, including budgetary support of Rs. 3,760
crore, the VGF for BESS signifies the government’s commitment to sustainable energy
solutions. It aims to achieve a Levelized Cost of Storage (LCoS) ranging from Rs. 5.50-6.60
per kWh, making stored renewable energy a practical choice for managing peak power
demand.
What is the main objective of the BESS scheme, and how does it benefit consumers?
The BESS scheme aims to provide clean, reliable, and affordable electricity by harnessing
renewable energy. At least 85% of BESS capacity will be accessible to Distribution
Companies (Discoms), enhancing grid integration and reducing power wastage.
How will the VGF grants be allocated to BESS developers, and what’s the significance of this approach?
BESS developers will be selected through a transparent competitive bidding process. This
fosters healthy competition and encourages investment, creating opportunities for
associated industries and ensuring a level playing field.
How does the BESS scheme contribute to minimizing costly infrastructure upgrades in the power sector?
By optimizing the utilization of transmission networks and integrating renewable energy
efficiently, the BESS scheme reduces the need for costly infrastructure upgrades,
ultimately benefiting consumers and the environment.
Cabinet Approves Funding for IDS, 2017 in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
The Union Cabinet has granted approval for an allocation of Rs. 1164.53 crore for the
Industrial Development Scheme (IDS) 2017 in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The IDS
2017 was initially introduced in 2018 with a financial outlay of Rs. 131.90 crore, which was
fully utilized by the fiscal year 2021-22. To fulfill committed obligations until 2028-29, an
additional fund was required, prompting the Cabinet’s approval.
Under the IDS 2017, new and expanding industrial units in the manufacturing and service
sectors in these states will receive incentives such as Central Capital Investment Incentive
for Access to Credit (CCIIAC) and Central Comprehensive Insurance Incentive (CCII). These
measures aim to stimulate industrial growth and create job opportunities.
What is the purpose of the Industrial Development Scheme (IDS) 2017 for Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand?
The IDS 2017 aims to promote industrial development in these states by providing
financial incentives to new and expanding industrial units in the manufacturing and
service sectors.
What are the incentives offered under the Central Capital Investment Incentive for Access to Credit
(CCIIAC)?
Eligible industrial units can receive CCIIAC, which is 30% of the investment in Plant and
Machinery, capped at Rs. 5.00 crore, facilitating access to credit.
How does the Central Comprehensive Insurance Incentive (CCII) benefit industrial units in Himachal
Pradesh and Uttarakhand?
Industrial units can receive a 100% insurance premium reimbursement for building and
Plant & Machinery for up to 5 years from the start of commercial production/operation.
What is the expected impact of the Cabinet’s approval on industrial growth in Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand?
The decision is anticipated to lead to the establishment of 774 registered units, resulting in
approximately 48,607 direct employment opportunities, thereby stimulating industrial
growth.
How does the IDS 2017 align with the government’s broader economic development goals?
The IDS 2017 promotes economic growth and job creation in Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand, contributing to the government’s aim of fostering industrial development

and reducing unemployment.
Odisha Proposes GPS-Enabled Ankle Monitoring for Undertrial Prisoners
The Directorate of Prisons in Odisha has submitted a unique proposal to attach GPS-
enabled tracking/monitoring devices to the ankles of undertrial prisoners (UTPs), marking
a potential first-of-its-kind policy in India.
The proposal focuses on attaching tracking devices to UTPs accused of non-heinous
crimes to allow them to lead normal lives outside of jail while being monitored. The
devices would be voluntary and require court approval. Law enforcement and jail
authorities could track the movements of the UTPs, and tampering with the devices would
trigger alarms at local police stations. The move is expected to save government costs and
enable UTPs to earn a livelihood upon release.
Why has Odisha proposed attaching GPS-enabled tracking devices to UTPs’ ankles?
This initiative aims to ease overcrowding in prisons, a long-standing issue in the country.
This pilot program will only cover prisoners accused of non-heinous crimes, allowing them
to lead normal lives outside jail while being monitored.

What is the occupancy rate in Indian prisons, and how does Odisha compare in terms of overcrowding?
According to the National Crime Records Bureau, Indian prisons have an occupancy rate
of around 130%. Although Odisha doesn’t face severe overcrowding, major prisons in the
state have been affected, prompting the pilot program proposal.
How will the proposed system work, and what safeguards are in place?
The system involves fitting monitoring devices on UTPs’ ankles with their consent and
court approval. These tamper-proof trackers will alert local police stations if tampered
with, ensuring compliance and monitoring.
How does this initiative benefit both the government and UTPs?
Chhabra highlights cost savings for the government, estimating around Rs 1 lakh per UTP
annually, while UTPs can reintegrate into society, earn a livelihood, and await trial outside
prison.
What concerns have human rights activists raised regarding this proposal?
Human rights activists are concerned about potential privacy breaches and the legal
implications of ankle monitoring for UTPs.
How does Odisha’s proposal compare to practices in other countries?
The USA and the UK are cited as examples of countries that have implemented monitoring
devices on convicted prisoners, emphasizing that the proposal aims to free UTPs rather
than confine them.
Minuteman 3 ICBM Test
The U.S. Air Force recently executed a successful test of an unarmed Minuteman 3
intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The
test, although routine, drew criticism due to its timing amidst escalating tensions between
the U.S. and North Korea over nuclear and missile programs. Advocacy groups argue that
diplomacy should take precedence over military provocations.
What is the significance of conducting a Minuteman 3 ICBM test?
The Minuteman 3 ICBM test validates the operational readiness of the U.S. nuclear
deterrent, ensuring it can function effectively in real-world scenarios. These tests maintain
the credibility of the deterrent, signaling to potential adversaries the U.S.’s reliable nuclear
force.
What diplomatic efforts have been made to address North Korea’s nuclear programs?
The U.S. has engaged in negotiations, sought international sanctions, and deployed
military assets to address North Korea’s nuclear programs. However, tensions persist due
to complex geopolitics, requiring a balance between military deterrence and diplomacy.
How does the Minuteman 3 ICBM test contribute to global strategic stability?
The test maintains strategic stability by demonstrating U.S. nuclear reliability, reducing the
likelihood of nuclear conflict. It emphasizes the high costs of aggression, enhancing global
nuclear deterrence, and preventing nuclear weapon use.
How can the U.S. strike a balance between military deterrence and diplomacy in addressing North Korea’s
nuclear threat?
The U.S. must continue missile tests to maintain deterrence but prioritize diplomatic
engagement to resolve conflicts peacefully. Multilateral negotiations and international
cooperation are essential in addressing North Korea’s nuclear threat while avoiding
further tensions.
Jharkhand Incorporates Transgender Community into Universal Pension Scheme
In a pioneering stride towards social inclusion, the Jharkhand government has extended
the scope of its universal pension scheme to encompass transgender individuals. Under
the newly implemented Mukhyamantri Rajya Samajik Suraksha Pension Yojana, eligible
transgender beneficiaries are entitled to a monthly financial aid. This transformative
initiative not only offers financial assistance but also emphasizes integration and social
security for the transgender community.
Eligibility and Integration
To be eligible for this groundbreaking pension scheme, transgender individuals must
fulfill specific criteria. They need to be 18 years or older, possess valid voter ID cards, and
obtain a certification from the deputy commissioner’s office. This framework ensures that
the support reaches those who genuinely need it while maintaining accountability.
Addressing Discrimination
One critical aspect of the Jharkhand government’s initiative is the commitment to combat
discrimination. To create more inclusive healthcare facilities, the government has unveiled
plans to construct separate restrooms for transgender individuals within hospitals. This
move aims to provide a safe and comfortable environment, furthering the cause of
equality and dignity.
Categorization and Benefits
Transgender individuals who do not fall under any caste reservation category will receive
benefits under the backward category-2. This categorization ensures that they receive the
support they deserve, recognizing their unique challenges and needs.
Other Cabinet Decisions
Aside from this groundbreaking move, the cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister Hemant
Soren, made several other significant decisions during its meeting. Notably, they doubled
the compensation amount for security personnel injured during duty, increasing it to Rs
7.5 lakh. In cases involving Maoist violence, the compensation is further doubled,
underlining the government’s commitment to safeguarding those who serve the public
interest.
NPCI Introduces Innovative Digital Payment Products for Inclusive Ecosystem
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has introduced a suite of
groundbreaking digital payment products, unveiling them during the Global Fintech Fest
2023 in Mumbai. This initiative, attended by distinguished figures including RBI Governor
Shaktikanta Das, Nandan Nilekani, and Biswamohan Mahapatra, is aimed at nurturing an
inclusive, resilient, and sustainable digital payments ecosystem.
Credit Line on UPI
The “Credit Line on UPI” is a game-changer, offering pre-sanctioned credit lines via the
Unified Payments Interface (UPI). This innovation grants users instant access to credit,
significantly expanding financial inclusivity. It caters to those without traditional banking
access, empowering them to meet immediate financial needs and engage in seamless
digital transactions, ultimately propelling the shift toward a cashless economy.
UPI LITE X
“UPI LITE X” emerges as a digital payment solution designed for offline transactions,
ensuring users can make payments even when internet connectivity is limited. This
feature enhances the resilience of the digital payment landscape, particularly in regions
prone to connectivity issues or during network disruptions. Users can continue to transact
conveniently under various circumstances, fostering uninterrupted access to digital
payments.
UPI Tap & Pay
UPI Tap & Pay” revolutionizes the digital payment experience by advocating the use of QR
Code and Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. With a simple tap on NFC-enabled
QR codes at merchant locations, users can swiftly and securely complete payments. This
technology streamlines the payment process, enhances user convenience, and ensures
contactless and secure transactions, making it a valuable addition to the digital payment
ecosystem.
Hello! UPI – Conversational Payments on UPI
“Hello! UPI – Conversational Payments on UPI” introduces voice-enabled UPI payments in
Hindi and English, with plans for regional language support. This groundbreaking feature
empowers users to conduct payments through UPI apps, telecom calls, and IoT devices
using voice commands. By leveraging voice technology, this innovation enhances
accessibility and convenience, particularly for users who may not be comfortable with
traditional text-based digital payments.
BillPay Connect
“BillPay Connect – Conversational Bill Payments” simplifies bill payment processes,
enabling customers to initiate payments with a simple ‘Hi’ on messaging apps or through
missed calls. This approach caters to users without smartphones or immediate mobile
data access, ensuring a broader population can participate in the digital payment
ecosystem. Furthermore, Voice Assisted Bill Payments allow customers to settle bills
through voice commands on smart home devices, further enhancing convenience. This
feature enhances both the security and convenience of in-person bill payments.
14-Day Human Embryo Model Using Stem Cells
Researchers at the Weizmann Institute have achieved a groundbreaking feat by
successfully creating an “embryo model” closely resembling a 14-day-old human embryo.
This milestone, accomplished without traditional reproductive elements but using stem
cells and chemical cues, opens doors to a deeper understanding of early human
development. It has far-reaching implications for various fields, including fertility
treatments, genetic disease research, and ethics.
Implications
This model contains crucial cell types and structures, offering a powerful tool for studying
early human development, organ formation, and genetic diseases. It has the potential to
enhance in vitro fertilization (IVF) success rates and improve drug safety testing during
pregnancy. Moreover, it sheds light on stem cell differentiation and self-assembly
processes, advancing our knowledge of developmental biology.
Challenges and Future Research
Developing the embryo model faces a challenge with a 99 percent failure rate in model
assembly. This limitation complicates efforts to understand causes of miscarriages and
infertility. Additionally, extending embryo development beyond the 14-day stage raises
ethical concerns. Future research aims to improve model assembly reliability and navigate
the ethical implications of prolonged development in the lab.
Impact on In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
This breakthrough could revolutionize IVF by offering insights into early human
development. Understanding embryo implantation and development processes may lead
to more effective IVF techniques. By studying cell differentiation and interactions during
early development, researchers may identify factors contributing to infertility, offering
personalized treatment options for couples seeking to conceive.
Fossil Fuel Companies and Brokers Expected to Benefit Most from ACMI
A report by climate and energy think tank Power Shift Africa suggests that fossil fuel
companies and financial brokers may be the primary beneficiaries of the African Carbon
Market Initiative (ACMI), which, seeks to create a carbon market where countries and
companies can purchase carbon credits to offset emissions.
The report raises concerns about the ACMI’s potential to enable fossil fuel companies to
increase emissions unchecked and highlights issues with the methodologies used to
calculate emission reductions from carbon credit-producing projects. Additionally, it warns
of land grabs and human rights concerns associated with some projects.
ACMI’s Ambitious Goals
The African Carbon Market Initiative’s ambitious goals of unlocking $6 billion in revenue
and supporting 30 million jobs by 2030 signal its potential impact on the African continent.
However, as the report indicates, achieving these objectives must not come at the
expense of environmental integrity and human rights.
Voluntary Carbon Markets
The report sheds light on the challenges associated with voluntary carbon markets like
ACMI. While these markets offer a mechanism for emissions offsetting, their lack of
regulation can lead to various issues, including concerns about transparency,
effectiveness, and environmental impact.
Concerns Over Emissions Increase
One of the most significant concerns raised by the report is the potential for ACMI to
enable increased emissions, especially by private companies. Allowing companies to
purchase carbon credits to offset their emissions may provide a loophole for them to
continue polluting while appearing to take action on climate change.

Transparency and Brokers
The report highlights the role of financial brokers in the carbon market. Lack of
transparency in transactions and mark-ups on carbon credits by brokers can result in a
disconnect between the amount paid by companies seeking offsets and the actual funding
directed toward mitigation activities.
Nature-Based Solutions
Projects such as tree planting and renewable energy schemes are essential components
of carbon credit-producing projects. However, concerns about land grabs, human rights,
and the permanence of carbon storage in nature-based solutions need to be carefully
addressed.
Technological Solutions
ACMI’s consideration of direct air capture (DAC) technologies reflects an interest in
innovative solutions. However, the report raises valid concerns about the viability, toxicity,
and diversion of renewable energy resources associated with DAC.
The Role of Brokers and Large Companies
The report highlights the role of brokers in carbon credit transactions and notes that
some large companies, including fossil fuel giants, engage in brokering credits, potentially
benefiting from both emissions and offsets.
Need for Robust Governance
The findings underscore the need for robust governance, transparency, and accountability
mechanisms within carbon markets. Establishing international standards and regulations
for carbon credit markets can help address some of the concerns raised in the report.
European Honeybees Serve as Biomonitor for AMR in Urban Areas
European honeybees (Apis mellifera) can serve as effective biomonitoring agents for
detecting the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in urban neighborhoods, according
to a recent study published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology. The
research found that honeybees can carry genetic elements associated with key AMR
drivers in their digestive tracts.
AMR is a growing global health concern, with the potential to lead to millions of deaths
annually by 2050 if left unchecked. Bees, which interact with various environmental
elements, can act as indicators of pollution and AMR risks in urban settings.
The Role of European Honeybees
European honeybees, as they forage for nectar and pollen, interact with a variety of
environmental elements, making them ideal candidates for biomonitoring. They have the
potential as environmental proxies for detecting contaminants and, in this case, genetic
elements related to antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
AMR as a Global Health Threat
Antimicrobial resistance is the term used to describe the ability of bacteria and microbes
to resist drugs can render common treatments ineffective, leading to severe health
consequences. The study emphasizes the urgency of addressing AMR and the need for
innovative approaches to monitor its spread.

Surprising Findings
The study’s findings challenge expectations by revealing that genetic elements related to
AMR were prevalent in various areas, rather than being concentrated in densely populated
regions. The association of integrons with bodies of water, such as dams and lakes,
highlights the complex interplay between environmental factors and the spread of AMR.
Environmental Awareness
The research underscores the interconnectedness of the environment, human health, and
the health of pollinators like honeybees. It emphasizes the importance of addressing
pollution and AMR risks in urban areas for the well-being of both ecosystems and human
populations.
Temporal Relevance
The short lifespan of bees (about four weeks) means that the genetic elements detected in
their digestive tracts represent what is currently present in the environment. This
temporal relevance makes bees valuable indicators of ongoing environmental conditions.
Policy and Research Implications
The study has implications for public health policies and research efforts aimed at
combatting AMR. It highlights the potential for citizen-scientist beekeepers and
community involvement in monitoring efforts.
September 8, 2023
World's Tallest Nataraja Statue
A towering 27-foot Nataraja statue, the world’s tallest representation of Lord Shiva’s
dancing form, will greet G20 leaders at New Delhi’s Pragati Maidan. This magnificent
ashtadhatu (eight-metal alloy) sculpture, weighing 18 tonnes, was painstakingly crafted by
sculptors from Swamimalai, Tamil Nadu. It draws inspiration from revered Nataraja idols
found in Chidambaram, Konerirajapuram, and the Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, all
originally constructed during the Chola dynasty’s zenith in the 9th-11th centuries AD. The
Cholas, devoted Shaivites, left an indelible mark on Indian art, especially with their iconic
Nataraja sculptures. This impressive work pays homage to Chola artistry and the intricate
lost-wax casting technique.
Cholas’ Role in the Evolution of Shiva’s Portrayal
The Cholas played a pivotal role in shaping the iconic Nataraja sculpture, with the bronze
version gaining significant cultural resonance.
Dual Aspects of Shiva’s Character
Lord Shiva, in his Nataraja form, embodies both creation and destruction, as he dances
within a flaming halo. The deity is portrayed as both a destructive force, symbolizing death
and time, and a protector who reassures and allays fear.
Lost-wax Casting Method
The lost-wax method, with a history dating back thousands of years, involves creating
intricate metallic sculptures by casting molten metal into a hollow wax mold.
Challenges
The project took seven months and cost around Rs 10 crore due to its enormous scale.
The challenge lay in creating such a massive sculpture using the traditional lost-wax
method.
Indore Tops Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2023 Clean Air Survey
Union Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Minister Bhupender Yadav announced
the results of the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2023 (clean air survey) in Bhopal, with Indore,
Madhya Pradesh, claiming the top spot among million-plus population cities. The survey,
in its second year, included 130 identified cities under the National Clean Air Programme.
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, secured the second rank, followed by Thane, Maharashtra, in third
place.
The awards were categorized by city population size based on the 2011 census. In the
three to ten lakh population category, Amravati, Maharashtra, secured the top rank.
Himachal Pradesh towns Parwanoo and Kala Amb took the lead among cities with under
three lakh population, with Angul, Odisha, in third place. Cities were evaluated on various
factors related to air quality, with a shift in rankings compared to the previous year.
What is Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan, and why is it significant?
Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan is an initiative to assess air quality in Indian cities. It’s significant
as it promotes clean air and tracks improvements.
Why did Indore secure the top rank in the million-plus population category?
Indore excelled in controlling multiple air pollutants, reducing emissions, and enhancing
public awareness, earning it the top spot.
How does the assessment process work for Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan?
Urban local bodies submit self-assessment reports, vetted by Air Quality Monitoring
Committees and evaluated by CPCB for rankings.
What changes were observed in the rankings compared to the 2022 survey?
In 2023, cities in Uttar Pradesh, which topped the list in 2022, saw lower rankings,
reflecting changing air quality efforts.

What factors were considered in assessing the cities’ air quality?
Cities were evaluated based on factors like solid waste control, vehicular emissions,
industrial emissions, and improvement in PM10 levels.
What are the implications of this survey for India’s efforts to combat air pollution?
The survey provides insights into the effectiveness of clean air programs and highlights
areas where further efforts are needed.
The Gender Snapshot 2023 Report
The United Nations has released a report stating that the goal of achieving gender
equality by 2030, as set by the U.N., is unlikely to be realized due to deeply ingrained
biases against women in various sectors such as health, education, employment, and
politics. The report, titled “The Gender Snapshot 2023,” highlights that active resistance to
gender equality and chronic underinvestment are key factors slowing progress and even
leading to reversals in some cases.
Issues like unequal access to sexual and reproductive health, political
underrepresentation, economic disparities, and a lack of legal protection contribute to this

challenge. The report also calls attention to setbacks for women and girls in conflict-
affected regions and the adverse impact of climate change.
What is the status of poverty among women according to the report?
The report notes that one in every ten women today, or 10.3%, lives in extreme poverty,
defined as having less than $2.15 a day. If current trends continue, it predicts that 8% of
the world’s female population will still be living in extreme poverty in 2030, with a
significant proportion in Sub-Saharan Africa.
How does the report assess the status of education for girls and young women globally?
While access to education is increasing for both boys and girls, the report reveals that
millions of girls never enter a classroom or complete their education, especially in conflict-
affected areas. It estimates that up to 129 million girls and young women may be out of
school globally in 2023, with an estimated 110 million still out of school in 2030 if current
trends persist.
What financial measures does the report suggest are needed to achieve gender equality by 2030?
The report estimates that $6.4 trillion per year is required across 48 developing countries
to achieve gender equality in various key areas by 2030. It calls for increased funding for
programs promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment. The report warns of
an annual shortfall of $360 billion if current government expenditures continue on their
current trajectory, and it appeals for additional funding to bridge this gap.
Indian States Witness Extreme Temperature Increase: Report
A recent report by Climate Central reveals that Kerala, Puducherry, and the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands experienced exceptionally high temperatures, more than three degrees
higher, during June to August this year. The report uses the Climate Shift Index (CSI) to
compare observed or forecast temperatures to models that account for human-caused
climate change. It states that these regions witnessed more than 60 days at CSI level 3 or
higher, indicating the impact of climate change.

Additionally, eleven Indian states had average temperatures exceeding 1°C above the
long-term average, with five states, including Kerala, Puducherry, and the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands, having a summer average CSI above 3. The report highlights the global
impact of climate change on extreme temperatures and emphasizes its inequitable
distribution worldwide.
What does the Climate Shift Index (CSI) measure?
The CSI compares observed or forecast temperatures to models that account for human-
caused climate change.
How did the report assess the global impact of climate change on temperature increases during the boreal
summer?
The report found that approximately 7.95 billion people, or 98% of the world’s population,
experienced temperatures made at least two times more likely by heat-trapping carbon
pollution during the hottest boreal summer in recorded history.
What is the significance of the report’s findings regarding the distribution of climate change effects
among countries?
The report highlights that countries with the lowest historical emissions experienced three
to four times higher seasonal temperatures than the world’s largest economies. It
underscores that the impact of climate change is not evenly distributed globally.
What specific challenges and impacts are highlighted for Kerala in the report?
Kerala faced higher-than-average temperatures, weakened southwest monsoons, and
potential drought conditions due to climate change, as mentioned in the report.
Regulatory Framework for Asset Valuation in Insolvency Resolution to Be Strengthened
The Union Ministry of Corporate Affairs has announced plans to strengthen the regulatory
framework governing professionals who value the assets of distressed companies in the
context of insolvency resolution. This step will ensure the accuracy and authenticity of
valuation reports in insolvency proceedings.
Significance of the Role of Valuers
Valuers play a crucial role in insolvency resolution in India because the decision to
salvage or liquidate an insolvent business relies heavily on the accurate valuation of
its assets.
An accurate valuation ensures that the estimated value aligns with market conditions
or realization, enhancing the chances of a successful resolution.
Valuation reports guide insolvency professionals, creditors, and the National
Company Law Tribunal in determining the best course of action for distressed
companies.
Ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of valuation reports is essential to make
informed decisions about the future of defaulting companies and maximize the
chances of successful resolution.
Regulatory Measures
India has implemented regulatory measures to uphold the quality of valuation
exercises in bankruptcy cases.

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) mandates that every valuation
exercise under the bankruptcy code must be conducted by a registered valuer.
Since February 1, 2019, appointing anyone other than a registered valuer for
assessing the worth of an enterprise under the Code is illegal, and any fees paid in
such cases are not considered part of the debt resolution or liquidation cost.
Prohibiting certain individuals from acting as valuers aims to maintain the sanctity of
valuation reports.
Role in Broader Economic Objectives
India’s emphasis on improving bankruptcy resolution aligns with broader economic
objectives of fostering economic growth and job creation.
Efficient bankruptcy resolution is vital for restoring financially distressed companies
to financial health promptly.
This, in turn, contributes to the management of the economy by attracting fresh
cycles of private investments, stimulating economic growth rates, and creating more
jobs. Repairing the balance sheets of banks and private companies through the
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) has been a significant step toward achieving
these economic goals and ensuring the health of India’s financial system.
September 9, 2023
RBI to Phase Out Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR)
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced the phased discontinuation of the
Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR), introduced on August 10, 2023. Following a
review, the RBI aims to release I-CRR funds gradually to avoid shocks to system liquidity
and ensure orderly money market functioning.
The release schedule includes 25% of funds on September 9, another 25% on September
23, and the remaining 50% on October 7, boosting banks’ capacity to meet credit demand
during the upcoming festival season. The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), unaffected by this
decision, remains at 4.5%.
What is the Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR)?
The I-CRR was introduced to absorb excess liquidity in the banking system, primarily
caused by factors like the return of Rs 2,000 notes, RBI’s surplus transfer to the
government, and increased government spending.
What was the impact of I-CRR on liquidity conditions in the banking system?
Answer: The I-CRR absorbed over Rs 1 lakh crore of excess liquidity from the banking
system, temporarily causing liquidity deficits. However, liquidity conditions improved as
the RBI absorbed surplus liquidity.
How does the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) differ from I-CRR?
The CRR is a mandatory reserve amount that banks must maintain with the RBI, currently
set at 4.5%. It serves to ensure the stability of the banking system and cannot be used for
lending or investments.
Why did the RBI decide to review and phase out the I-CRR measure?
The RBI reviewed I-CRR due to evolving liquidity conditions and the need to return
impounded funds to the banking system ahead of the festival season while maintaining
liquidity stability.
How does the phased release of I-CRR funds impact banks and their ability to meet credit demand?
The phased release of I-CRR funds provides banks with sufficient liquidity to meet higher
credit demand during the upcoming festival season, supporting economic activities and
lending operations.
RBI Encourages Fintech Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs) for Ethical Practices
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das has called upon fintech entities to
establish Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs). He emphasizes the need for SROs in the
fintech sector to address issues related to market integrity, data privacy, cybersecurity,
and risk management.
Such organizations can enhance trust among consumers, investors, and regulators by
promoting responsible practices and ethical standards. The RBI expects fintech firms to
adopt industry best practices, privacy norms, and ethical business conduct, suggesting
that SROs be voluntarily established by the fintech industry itself.
What is the role of a Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO) in an industry, particularly in fintech?
SROs serve as non-governmental entities responsible for creating and enforcing industry-
specific codes of conduct. They promote transparency, fair competition, and consumer
protection while acting as intermediaries between regulators and market participants.
How do SROs ensure compliance with industry standards?
SROs use impartial mechanisms to administer self-regulatory processes and ensure
members operate in a disciplined environment. They act as intermediaries between
regulators and industry participants, helping to maintain ethical standards and conduct.
What benefits do SROs bring to their industry and member organizations?
SROs are industry experts, fostering ethical business conduct and confidence in the
ecosystem. They serve as watchdogs against unprofessional practices.
What are the key functions of a recognized SRO in its industry?
An SRO facilitates communication between its members and regulators, establishes
industry benchmarks, standards, and conducts training and awareness programs. It also
manages grievance redressal and dispute resolution frameworks.
India and US Settle WTO Poultry Dispute, Reduce Tariffs on American Products
India and the United States have reached an agreement to settle their longstanding World
Trade Organisation (WTO) poultry dispute. As part of the settlement, India will reduce
tariffs on various American products, including frozen turkey, frozen duck, fresh, frozen,
dried, and processed blueberries and cranberries.
This resolution was announced in a joint statement following a bilateral meeting between
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and US President Joe Biden. It marks the seventh
and final outstanding WTO dispute settled between the two countries, with six disputes
previously resolved in June 2023.
What was the WTO poultry dispute between India and the United States, and how has it been resolved?
The dispute centered on tariffs imposed by India on certain American poultry products. It
has been settled through an agreement in which India will reduce tariffs on these
products.
How many WTO disputes have India and the US resolved in total, and when were the previous six disputes
settled?
India and the US have resolved seven WTO disputes in total, with six of them being settled
in June 2023.
What is the significance of reducing tariffs on American agricultural products for both countries?
Reducing tariffs on American agricultural products creates economic opportunities for US
producers in the Indian market and promotes bilateral trade relations.
What other products did India agree to reduce tariffs on during earlier negotiations?
During earlier negotiations, India agreed to reduce tariffs on products such as chickpeas,
lentils, almonds, walnuts, apples, boric acid, and diagnostic reagents.
UN Climate Report Warns of Closing Window to Limit Global Warming
A new report from UN Climate emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate change,
stating that the window of opportunity to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees
Celsius above pre-industrial levels is rapidly closing. The report, part of the Global
Stocktake (GST) mandated by the Paris Agreement, highlights that while some progress
has been made, countries are far from achieving the necessary targets to meet this goal.
The report estimates that, even with current climate actions, global greenhouse gas
emissions in 2030 will be approximately 24 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent
higher than needed to keep the 1.5-degree target viable. The report underscores deficits
in mitigation, adaptation, finance, technology, and capacity building efforts. The findings
will inform the upcoming annual climate change meeting in Dubai.
What percentage reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions is required by 2030 to maintain the 1.5-
degree Celsius target, according to the report?
The report indicates that reductions of approximately 43, 60, and 84 percent in global
greenhouse gas emissions below the 2019 level are required by 2030, 2035, and 2050,
respectively, to meet the 1.5-degree Celsius target.
What key areas of climate action does the report identify as lacking progress?
The report points out deficits in various aspects of climate action, including mitigation,
adaptation, finance, technology, and capacity building.
What challenges have G20 countries faced in reaching consensus on climate change-related issues?
G20 countries have struggled to agree on climate change-related paragraphs in their joint
communique, similar to the difficulties faced in the broader international climate
conference involving over 190 countries. Decisions in these conferences must be reached
by consensus, making agreement on climate action a significant challenge.
NASA's MOXIE Successfully Generates Oxygen on Mars
NASA announced the successful completion of its Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource
Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) aboard the Perseverance Mars Rover. MOXIE’s success
marks a significant step toward enabling astronauts to “live off the land” on Mars by
producing their own oxygen and rocket propellant, supporting long-term exploration and
sustainability on the Red Planet.
What is MOXIE?
MOXIE, a device roughly the size of a microwave oven, has demonstrated its ability to
convert Martian carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen. This technology breakthrough could
play a crucial role in future human missions to Mars, providing a sustainable source of
breathable air and rocket propellant.
Why is the successful operation of MOXIE is considered a significant achievement by NASA?
Answer: MOXIE’s success is significant because it demonstrates the ability to produce
oxygen from Mars’ atmosphere, potentially supplying breathable air and rocket propellant
for future astronauts, paving the way for sustainable Mars missions.
How much oxygen has MOXIE generated during its operations on Mars, and how does this compare to its
original goals?
MOXIE has generated a total of 122 grams of oxygen since its operation on Mars,
exceeding NASA’s original goals. At its peak efficiency, it produced 12 grams of oxygen per
hour, twice the initial target.
How does MOXIE produce oxygen on Mars?
MOXIE produces molecular oxygen by separating one oxygen atom from each molecule of
carbon dioxide pumped in from Mars’ thin atmosphere. Mars’ atmosphere provides the
source of carbon dioxide.
Chinese Scientists Grow Human Kidneys Inside Pig Embryos
In a world first, Chinese scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou
Institutes of Biomedicine and Health have successfully grown human kidneys inside pig
embryos. This groundbreaking achievement involved inserting human stem cells into pig
embryos, resulting in kidneys containing 50 to 60 percent human cells.
Researchers used CRISPR gene editing to limit pig cell growth and avoid embryonic
degradation. While the study marks a milestone, it also highlights important ethical and
technical challenges to overcome, including potential organ rejection and immune
responses in the future.
Significance
The achievement offers a potential solution to the shortage of transplant organs,
particularly kidneys, which are in high demand.
Challenges
Challenges and issues included the large number of embryos that degenerated during
experiments, the possibility of organ rejection due to differing cell types, and potential
complications with longer gestation times for the embryos.
Ethical Concerns
Ethical concerns were raised due to the interspecies chimeric embryos, as human cells
were found in the embryos’ brains and spinal cords. These embryos raise questions about
the integration of human cells into animal embryos and the potential consequences of
such integration.
Alternative Approaches
Xenotransplantation involves transplanting organs from one species to another. Genetic
modifications have been used to reduce the risk of rejection in xenotransplantation.
Antarctica Warming Faster Than Expected, Threatening Global Sea Level Rise
A new scientific study reveals that Antarctica is warming at nearly twice the rate of the rest
of the world, surpassing the predictions of climate change models. Researchers analyzed
78 Antarctic ice cores to reconstruct temperature data spanning 1,000 years. They found
that the warming observed across the continent cannot be attributed to natural climate
variability alone. The phenomenon, known as polar amplification, was previously observed
in the Arctic, and this study provides “direct evidence” that it is also occurring in
Antarctica.
What is polar amplification?
Polar amplification is a phenomenon where polar regions experience faster warming than
the rest of the planet. The study provides evidence that this phenomenon is occurring in
both the Arctic and Antarctica.

Why is West Antarctica considered particularly vulnerable to warming?
In West Antarctica, considered especially vulnerable to warming, the study identified a
warming rate twice as high as climate models had projected. Its ice sheet, if collapsed,
could contribute significantly to global sea level rise, potentially raising sea levels by
several meters.
How does the study’s findings about Antarctica’s warming rate affect future sea level rise projections and
the understanding of the continent’s climate?
The findings suggest that current climate models may underestimate the loss of ice in
Antarctica, which could have implications for future sea level rise, ocean warming, and
marine ecosystems.
What potential consequences are associated with a warming Antarctic?
A warming Antarctic could lead to further losses of sea ice, impacting ocean warming,
global ocean circulation, and marine ecosystems. It could also result in the melting of
coastal ice shelves that protect glaciers, potentially accelerating glacial retreat and
contributing to sea level rise.
2023 WMO Air Quality and Climate Bulletin
A report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlights the link between
climate change, heatwaves, wildfires, and rising air pollution, including ozone. WMO
emphasizes the interconnectedness of climate change and air quality, calling for
integrated solutions to address both challenges. Here are the key findings of the report:
Key Findings
The report states that climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of
heatwaves, which, in turn, raise the risk and severity of wildfires.
The smoke from these wildfires contains pollutants that negatively impact air quality,
health, ecosystems, and crops.
Heatwaves exacerbate air quality issues, leading to the production of ozone and
particulate matter.
The combination of high temperatures and aerosol levels affected human health and
agriculture globally, with significant crop losses reported in India and China.
Record Breaking Heatwaves in Europe
The report cites examples from the European summer of 2022, which experienced record-
breaking heatwaves resulting in increased concentrations of ozone and particulate
matter. It noted that hundreds of air quality monitoring sites exceeded the World Health
Organization’s ozone air quality guideline level. This began in the southwest of Europe
and later spread to central and northeast Europe due to the heatwave’s movement across
the continent.
Additionally, there was an unusually high intrusion of desert dust over the Mediterranean
and Europe, further impacting air quality. These conditions affected human health and
agriculture, with significant crop losses, particularly in India and China.
Significance of the Report’s Emphasis on the Interconnectedness of Climate Change and Air Quality
The report underscores the importance of recognizing the close relationship between
climate change and air quality. It highlights that climate change-driven phenomena like
heatwaves and wildfires directly contribute to air pollution, including ozone and
particulate matter. Understanding this interconnectedness is crucial because it
emphasizes that addressing climate change and improving air quality must go hand-in-
hand.
Effective solutions should tackle both challenges simultaneously to break the vicious cycle,
benefiting human health, ecosystems, agriculture, and overall well-being. The report’s
emphasis on this interconnected approach highlights the need for integrated policies and
actions to address these complex environmental issues.
US Government Terminates Funding for DEEP VZN
The Joe Biden Administration has abruptly terminated funding for the DEEP VZN program,
a research initiative designed to discover and study thousands of exotic pathogens
worldwide. Led by Washington State University, DEEP VZN faced opposition from
lawmakers and scientists who expressed concerns about the potential risks associated
with handling these pathogens.
This decision comes as the U.S. government reevaluated the relative risks and impacts of
the research program. Notably, DEEP VZN replaced the previous virus-hunting programs
STOP Spillover and PREDICT in 2021, signaling a shift in priorities.
What was the DEEP VZN program?
The DEEP VZN program, officially known as the Discovery and Exploration of Emerging
Pathogen-Viral Zoonoses program, aimed to collect over half a million biological samples
from around the world and study approximately 12,000 viruses found within these
samples.
How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact DEEP VZN?
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a reassessment of priorities by USAID and the U.S.
government, leading to the termination of the DEEP VZN program as they prepared to
address and combat pandemics more effectively.
What were the arguments in favor of DEEP VZN?
Supporters of DEEP VZN argued that the program could provide early warnings about
wildlife pathogens that might jump to humans, similar to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They
believed such research could have potentially prevented the virus from entering the
human chain.
What were the concerns raised by opponents of DEEP VZN?
Opponents of the DEEP VZN program expressed fears that the research could lead to
accidental infections and the transmission of viruses or pathogens, raising safety
concerns.
What were the previous U.S.-backed virus-hunting programs?
Before DEEP VZN, there were other U.S.-backed virus-hunting programs, namely STOP
Spillover and PREDICT, which focused on researching exotic viruses and pathogens. DEEP
VZN replaced these programs in 2021, signaling a shift in research priorities.
Australia's Navy Pursues Nuclear Submarines and AI-Powered Ghost Sharks

Australia’s Navy is adopting two contrasting approaches to advanced submarine
technology to address the challenges posed by a rising China. On one hand, Australia is
investing in a costly and slow project to acquire up to 13 nuclear-powered attack
submarines. On the other hand, Australia is rapidly developing AI-powered unmanned
submarines called “Ghost Sharks,” AI-powered subs will be delivered in the near future,
offering a cost-effective and swift solution to enhance naval capabilities. The divergent
approaches highlight the transformative impact of automation and AI on modern warfare.
How do the cost and delivery timelines of the nuclear submarines and Ghost Sharks differ?
The nuclear submarines are estimated to cost over AUD$28 billion each and will not be
delivered until well past the middle of the century. In contrast, Ghost Sharks have a per-
unit cost of just over AUD$23 million and will be delivered by mid-2025.
Significance of the Ghost Shark project
The Ghost Shark project illustrates the transformative impact of automation and AI on
modern warfare, offering a cost-effective and swift solution to enhance naval capabilities.
Such AI-powered unmanned submarines can operate autonomously, descend to greater
depths, and be deployed in large numbers without risking human lives. They offer
increased flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to perform maneuvers that might
be impossible for crewed submarines.
Link to Geopolitical Challenges?
Australia’s investments in advanced submarine technology are linked to the geopolitical
challenges posed by a rising China in the Asia-Pacific region. These developments are part
of efforts to maintain military capabilities and respond to regional security concerns.
Influence of AI
AI technology is influencing the development of various military capabilities, including
autonomous weapons, fighter drones, swarming aerial drones, and ground combat
vehicles. AI is also playing a role in data analysis and decision support for military
commanders.
The AI technology arms race has high stakes in terms of military dominance and
geopolitical influence. Winning the race could reshape the global political and economic
order, with potential consequences for peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region.
Challenges of AI
Challenges and concerns include the potential for AI-driven robots to make lethal
decisions independently, the need for regulation related to the military application of AI,
and the ethical considerations of using AI in warfare, including the targeting of
combatants and non-combatants.
Private Sector’s Role
Private companies like Anduril are actively involved in developing AI-powered military
technologies. They are contributing to the development of autonomous systems, sensor
fusion, computer vision, edge computing, and AI, with applications in various defense
domains, including submarines, drones, and counter-drone systems.
September 11, 2023

Online Games of Chance vs. Games of Skill
The Supreme Court’s recent decision to stay the Karnataka High Court order has raised
significant questions about the taxation of online skill games played for stakes. The Union
Cabinet had approved a GST rate hike for online games to 28%, and the Karnataka HC had
previously distinguished games of chance from games of skill for taxation purposes. This
distinction prompted a legal battle.
What prompted the Supreme Court to stay the Karnataka High Court order, and what does this mean for
the taxation of online games?
The Supreme Court stayed the Karnataka High Court order in response to the GST
department’s plea, which challenged the HC’s decision to differentiate between games of
skill and games of chance for taxation purposes. This stay essentially places online skill
games played for stakes on par with online gambling concerning taxation. It signifies
uncertainty in how such games are categorized and taxed under GST laws.
How did the Karnataka High Court classify games like rummy, and why did this classification matter for
taxation?
The Karnataka High Court ruled that games like rummy were primarily games of skill
rather than games of chance. This classification was crucial for taxation, as games of skill
attract a lower GST rate of 19%, whereas games of chance are taxed at a higher rate of
28%. This distinction had implications for online gaming companies like GamesKraft
Technologies, which faced substantial tax liabilities based on whether their games were
categorized as skill-based or chance-based.
What was the basis for the GST department’s notice to GamesKraft Technologies?
The GST department issued a notice to GamesKraft Technologies under Section 74(5) of
the CGST Act, demanding a substantial sum of money. The Karnataka High Court
responded by deeming the notice “illegal and arbitrary.” The court found that the GST
department’s actions were an attempt to cherry-pick sentences from judgments to build a

case that didn’t exist. This ruling raised questions about the department’s approach to
taxing online games and the need for clear guidelines on how to classify them.
What distinction did the Karnataka High Court make between games of skill and games of chanc?
The Karnataka High Court emphasized a clear distinction between games of skill and
games of chance, referencing a previous Karnataka HC verdict and a Kerala HC decision. It
highlighted that playing for stakes or not playing for stakes shouldn’t determine whether
a game is skill-based. This distinction aligns with a 2022 Karnataka HC ruling that struck
down parts of the Karnataka Police (Amendment) Act, which equated games of skill with
games of chance. These rulings underscored the need for a nuanced approach to
classifying online games and their tax implications.
How did the 2022 Karnataka High Court ruling impact the classification of games of skill and chance?
The 2022 Karnataka High Court ruling struck down amendments that equated games of
skill with games of chance, leading to the criminalization of online gaming. This decision
affirmed that playing for stakes or not shouldn’t determine whether a game is skill-based.
It reinforced the idea that games like online rummy could be considered games of skill,
regardless of whether players wagered money. This ruling further emphasized the need
to distinguish between games of skill and games of chance and raised questions about
the classification of such games for taxation purposes.
How has the debate about the classification of games of skill and chance evolved in the context of GST
taxation?
The debate about classifying games of skill and chance for GST taxation has evolved over
the years. While earlier rulings have held that lottery, betting, and gambling can be taxed,
recent judgments, including those by the Karnataka High Court, have challenged this
perspective. The focus has shifted toward recognizing the inherent skill elements in
certain games, like rummy, even when played for stakes. This evolving debate highlights
the complexity of defining games in the digital age and the need for a comprehensive and
clear framework to determine their classification and tax rates under GST laws.
India – Middle East – Europe Economic Corridor
On the sidelines of the G20 Summit in New Delhi, several countries, including India, the
US, Saudi Arabia, the European Union, the UAE, France, Germany, and Italy, signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish the India – Middle East – Europe
Economic Corridor (IMEC). The move comes in response to concerns about unsustainable
debt and geopolitical implications associated with China’s BRI projects.
What is the India – Middle East – Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC)?
IMEC is envisioned as a network of transport corridors comprising railway lines and sea
lanes to promote economic integration between Asia, the Arabian Gulf, and Europe. This
initiative is part of the Partnership for Global Infrastructure Investment (PGII),which aims
to fund infrastructure projects in developing countries through public and private
investments, offering an alternative to the BRI.
What motivated the formation of the Partnership for Global Infrastructure Investment (PGII), and how
does it differ from China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)?
The PGII was established as a response to concerns regarding China’s BRI, which involved
providing loans and infrastructure development in various countries. Critics argued that
these projects often led to unsustainable debts and geopolitical influence.
The PGII, comprising G7 countries and the EU, aims to fund infrastructure projects in
developing nations through a combination of public and private investments. It
emphasizes transparency, climate-resilient infrastructure, gender equality, and health
infrastructure development. Unlike the BRI, the PGII focuses on cooperative efforts
among democracies and aims to provide loans rather than charity or aid.
Why did India oppose China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and how does its involvement in the IMEC
align with its strategic interests?
India opposed the BRI because it included the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC),
which passed through territory that India claimed but was under Pakistani control. India
saw this as a violation of its sovereignty. In contrast, IMEC offers India an opportunity to
participate in a Western-led initiative that aligns with its concerns about the BRI’s impact
on sovereignty and debt sustainability. IMEC could enhance India’s connectivity with
Europe and the Middle East while avoiding territorial disputes. It allows India to engage in
infrastructure development projects that do not compromise its strategic interests.
What are the potential challenges and advantages of the Partnership for Global Infrastructure Investment
(PGII) when competing with China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)?
The PGII faces challenges such as raising investments on the scale of the BRI and securing
political consensus within G7 countries. Private sector participation is not assured.
However, PGII’s focus on transparency, sustainable development, and climate resilience
could attract countries concerned about the BRI’s potential pitfalls. While China may adapt
the BRI to address criticisms, competition between the PGII and BRI could diversify
options for countries seeking infrastructure investments. This competition might lead to
improved infrastructure projects globally, benefiting all parties and promoting a “race to
the top” in terms of project quality and sustainability.
How has China responded to the Partnership for Global Infrastructure Investment (PGII)?
China has welcomed initiatives that promote global infrastructure development,
emphasizing that various initiatives can coexist. Chinese officials have expressed
opposition to using infrastructure construction as a pretext for geopolitical calculations or
undermining the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China has sought to address criticisms of
the BRI by modifying it, focusing on a “Green BRI,” and scaling back on high-risk projects.
The Chinese perspective acknowledges the competition among various infrastructure
initiatives but emphasizes cooperation and the potential for coexistence, suggesting that
multiple approaches can contribute to global development.
September 12, 2023
MP's Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme
The Madhya Pradesh Cabinet has approved the Mob Lynching Victim Compensation
Scheme, which aims to provide compensation and relief to victims and their dependents in
cases of mob violence. The scheme aims to offer financial support and assistance to
victims and their families who have suffered harm or injury due to mob violence based on
various grounds
The decision to approve the scheme was taken in compliance with Supreme Court
directives issued in July 2018, which called for the establishment of a lynching/mob
violence victim compensation scheme by state governments. The scheme must also
provide interim relief to victims or their next of kin within 30 days of the incident.
What is the objective of the Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme in Madhya Pradesh?
The objective of the Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme in Madhya Pradesh is to
provide compensation and relief to victims and their dependents in cases of mob violence.
In the event of a victim’s death in a mob lynching incident, their family will receive
compensation of Rs 10 lakh. For injured victims, compensation ranging from Rs 4 to 6 lakh
will be provided. It is a response to Supreme Court directives issued in 2018, emphasizing
the importance of creating such compensation schemes to address mob violence
effectively.
What prompted the Madhya Pradesh Cabinet to approve the Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme?
The Madhya Pradesh Cabinet approved the Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme
in compliance with directives from the Supreme Court issued in July 2018. The court’s
directives, part of the judgment in the Tehseen S Poonawalla vs. Union of India & Others
case, called upon state governments to establish lynching/mob violence victim
compensation schemes.
What legal directives were followed in the scheme’s implementation?
The directives emphasized the need to consider the nature of bodily and psychological
injuries, loss of earnings, expenses incurred for legal and medical purposes, and the
provision of interim relief within 30 days of the incident. The scheme’s approval is a
response to these legal directives and aims to provide compensation and relief to victims
and their families in cases of mob violence.
What are the criteria for receiving compensation under the Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme in
Madhya Pradesh?
The Mob Lynching Victim Compensation Scheme in Madhya Pradesh provides
compensation to victims and their families based on specific criteria. Compensation is
available to victims of “any act or series of acts of violence by a mob, involving five or
more individuals,” causing harm or injury. The grounds for receiving compensation
include factors such as religion, caste, gender, place of birth, language, food preferences,
sexual preferences, political affiliations, ethnicity, and more. This scheme addresses the
issue of mob violence by offering financial support and relief to those who have suffered
harm or injury due to such incidents, in line with Supreme Court directives and the need to
combat mob violence effectively.
African Union Admitted as Permanent Member of G20
The African Union (AU) has been granted permanent membership in the G20 during the
18th G20 Heads of State and Government Summit in New Delhi. This development comes
after India’s proposal to include the AU in the G20, marking a significant step in global
diplomacy. The AU, comprising 55 African member states, was established in 2002 to
promote an integrated, prosperous, and peaceful Africa driven by its citizens. It serves as a
platform for addressing various social, economic, and political challenges in Africa while
emphasizing unity and solidarity among African nations.
Why was the African Union (AU) formed, and how does it differ from its predecessor, the Organisation of
African Unity (OAU)?
The AU was formed as the successor to the OAU, which aimed to bring African nations
together and support their struggle for independence from colonial rule. The OAU
primarily focused on liberation efforts and diplomatic support for liberation movements.
In contrast, the AU was established to address broader challenges faced by African
nations. It seeks to promote greater unity, solidarity, and socio-economic integration
among African countries. Unlike the OAU, the AU concentrates on political, economic, and
social integration, peacekeeping missions, and human rights. The AU represents a shift
towards addressing contemporary issues and fostering cooperation among African

nations beyond liberation.
What are some notable achievements of the African Union (AU) since its establishment?
The AU has achieved several significant milestones since its establishment. It has played a
crucial role in peacekeeping missions across Africa, addressing terrorism and preventing
violence in various countries. Notable diplomatic efforts have led to conflict resolutions,
including the peace deal brokered between the Ethiopian Government and the Tigray
People’s Liberation Front. Another milestone is the establishment of the African
Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the world’s largest free trade area since the WTO’s
creation in 1994. AfCFTA aims to boost intra-African trade, increase income by $450 billion
by 2035, and enhance regulatory harmonization and coordination.
What are some challenges and shortcomings that the African Union (AU) has faced in its history?
The AU has faced challenges, including its inability to prevent coups in Africa, with more
than 200 coups occurring since the 1960s. The AU’s response to coups has been primarily
diplomatic, which some criticize as insufficient. Additionally, many member countries fail
to pay their annual dues, leaving the organization reliant on external funding and
affecting its autonomy. Financial constraints have hindered the AU’s ability to implement
initiatives fully. These challenges highlight the need for reform and greater resources.
However, the inclusion of the AU in the G20 could potentially strengthen its position and
influence on the global stage.
What could be the potential impact of the African Union’s inclusion in the G20?
The AU’s inclusion in the G20 provides an opportunity to amplify African interests and
perspectives in global decision-making. It allows the AU to participate in shaping global
trade, finance, and investment architecture. This newfound influence can help Africa
advocate for reforms that benefit its member countries and contribute to a more
equitable global system. The AU’s seat in the G20 can also facilitate discussions on key
issues like economic development, trade, and sustainability. Furthermore, it brings

visibility to African concerns and priorities within a forum that holds substantial global
significance. Overall, the AU’s inclusion in the G20 presents a platform for advancing
Africa’s interests on the international stage.
Global Biofuels Alliance Launched in New Delhi
The Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) was officially launched on the sidelines of the G20
Summit in New Delhi. The GBA is a key initiative under India’s G20 presidency and aims to
promote international cooperation and the use of sustainable biofuels, as well as facilitate
global biofuels trade and provide technical support for national biofuel programs.
The alliance was initiated by nine countries, including India, the US, Brazil, Argentina,
Bangladesh, Italy, Mauritius, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates, with Canada and
Singapore as observer countries. In total, 19 countries and 12 international organizations
have agreed to join the GBA. The alliance will focus on securing biofuel supplies, ensuring
affordability, and promoting sustainability.
What is the primary objective of the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA)?

The primary objective of the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) is to promote sustainable
biofuels internationally, enhance cooperation in the biofuels sector, and facilitate global
biofuels trade. It also aims to provide technical support for national biofuel programs.
Why is GBA significant in the context of the G20 Summit?
The significance of GBA in the context of the G20 Summit lies in its potential to address
critical global issues, including reducing carbon emissions, achieving sustainability goals,
and enhancing energy security. By bringing together leading biofuel-producing and
consuming countries, the GBA can drive innovation, share best practices, and promote the
use of cleaner biofuels on a global scale, contributing to climate change mitigation and
sustainable development.
What is the role of the United States and Brazil in the formation of the GBA?
The United States and Brazil are seen as key players in the formation of the GBA due to
their prominent positions in the global biofuels industry. Both countries are leaders in
biofuel production and consumption, with the US and Brazil accounting for 52% and 30%
of global ethanol production, respectively. Their expertise and experience in biofuel
technologies make them valuable contributors to the alliance. Additionally, their
involvement signals a commitment to advancing sustainable biofuels and addressing
challenges in the sector. As leading biofuel producers and consumers, the US and Brazil
play a crucial role in promoting the adoption of cleaner and more sustainable energy
sources worldwide.
What are the potential benefits of the GBA for India, and how does it align with India’s energy and
sustainability goals?
The GBA offers several potential benefits for India. Firstly, it aligns with India’s goal of
reducing energy imports and limiting its carbon footprint by promoting the use of
biofuels. As the world’s third-largest consumer of crude oil, India seeks to enhance energy
security and address environmental concerns. Secondly, the GBA provides a platform for
India to collaborate with other countries on technological advancements, policy

frameworks, and investments in the biofuel sector. This collaboration can help overcome
hurdles related to feedstock supply, technology, and financing, facilitating India’s
transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources while promoting its
sustainable development goals.
G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration
The G20 New Delhi Declaration, adopted during the G20 Summit, addresses various global
issues and showcases consensus-building efforts between G7 countries and the Russia-
China bloc. While much attention is focused on the Ukraine-Russia conflict, the declaration
covers a range of topics across ten chapters, emphasizing sustainable development,
gender equality, counterterrorism, and more.
What does the Declaration Say on Russia-Ukraine Conflict?
The Russia-Ukraine section, crafted through painstaking negotiations, avoids condemning
Russia as an aggressor but reaffirms principles of territorial integrity, sovereignty, and the
unacceptability of territorial conquest by force. This approach aims to build consensus for
a just and lasting peace in Ukraine.

The objectives achieved include recalling the Bali conversation, referring to United Nations
texts, and emphasizing key principles for a just and lasting peace in Ukraine. This
approach allowed G7 countries to reaffirm their stance while avoiding direct confrontation
with Russia, ultimately fostering consensus for resolving the Ukraine conflict in the future.
What structural changes were introduced in the G20 New Delhi Declaration’s format?
The G20 New Delhi Declaration departed from the traditional joint declaration structure by
organizing its content into ten chapters rather than paragraphs. It started with a
preamble and featured chapters labeled A to J based on themes. This structural change
provided a more organized and structured presentation of the document. It allowed for a
clearer delineation of various topics, enabling readers to navigate through different
sections more efficiently. While the Russia-Ukraine paragraphs remained at the beginning,
the new format facilitated a comprehensive coverage of diverse issues addressed during
the summit, making the document more reader-friendly.
What were the key takeaways from the G20 New Delhi Declaration?
Key takeaways from the declaration include Africa’s permanent membership in the G20, a
significant step toward greater inclusivity. This inclusion is expected to deepen
cooperation with Africa and help address its developmental aspirations. The declaration
also recognized all Engagement Groups and Initiatives introduced during India’s G20
Presidency. It set the stage for future G20 Presidencies, including Brazil in 2024, South
Africa in 2025, and the US in 2026. These elements signify a commitment to inclusivity,
cooperation, and continued engagement with diverse stakeholders and regions in G20
initiatives and leadership.
What major themes and issues were covered in the various chapters of the G20 New Delhi Declaration,
aside from the Ukraine-Russia conflict?
The declaration covered a wide range of themes and issues in its chapters. These included
sustainable economic growth, financial inclusion, and anti-corruption measures in the

chapter on “Strong, Sustainable, Balanced, and Inclusive Growth.” It addressed
eliminating hunger, improving health, and enhancing education in the chapter on
“Accelerating Progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).”
The declaration emphasized clean and sustainable energy transitions, value chains of
critical minerals, and semiconductors in the “Green Development Pact for a Sustainable
Future” chapter. Additionally, topics such as reforming international financial institutions,
digital public infrastructure, gender equality, counterterrorism, and cultural diversity were
addressed in other chapters, showcasing the breadth of issues discussed during the
summit.
What is Vishwakarma Yojana?
The Vishwakarma Yojana is set to launch at 70 locations across India on September 17.
This initiative, announced during the Independence Day speech at the Red Fort, is aimed
at benefiting skilled individuals in traditional craftsmanship. The scheme will be
inaugurated by central ministers in all states and union territories, with 70 ministers
participating nationwide. Over the next five years, the program will allocate an
expenditure of 13,000 crores, focusing on grassroots-level welfare for the working class.
What is the Primary Objective of Vishwakarma Yojana?
The Vishwakarma Yojana is an initiative aimed at empowering skilled individuals in
traditional craftsmanship. Its primary objective is to provide financial assistance, training,
and welfare support to workers in various sectors.
How will the Vishwakarma Yojana benefit traditional workers?
In the first phase, workers will receive a loan of one lakh rupees at a five percent interest
rate, followed by two lakh rupees in the second phase. This financial assistance is aimed at
cobblers, washermen, carpenters, and others.
How does the scheme support training and development of artisans and laborers?
The Vishwakarma Yojana includes provisions for training artisans and laborers, along with
offering a daily stipend of 500 rupees for trainees.
Why is the Vishwakarma Yojana considered significant in the context of upcoming Lok Sabha elections?
The scheme’s comprehensive coverage of 18 different types of work and its focus on
grassroots-level welfare are seen as significant factors in the lead-up to the Lok Sabha
elections, addressing the needs of a diverse section of the workforce.
Mukhyamantri Ladli Bahna Awas Yojana
The Madhya Pradesh Government has changed the name of the state-run housing
scheme, previously known as Mukhyamantri Antyodaya Awas Yojana, to Mukhyamantri
Ladli Bahna Awas Yojana. The decision, aimed at aligning with Chief Minister Shivraj Singh
Chouhan’s Ladali Bahna Yojana, was unanimously approved by the state cabinet.
Additionally, the cabinet approved proposals to increase the monthly honorarium for
cooks working in the Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman Yojana and double the
honorarium for guest teachers in different classes. The government also announced a
subsidy on cooking gas for women with connections under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
Yojana and Ladli Bahnas during the month of Shravan.

Who is eligible to benefit from the Mukhyamantri Ladli Bahna Awas Yojana?
Homeless citizens belonging to all categories are eligible to benefit from the scheme.
What is the significance of the increase in the monthly honorarium for cooks in the Pradhan Mantri
Poshan Shakti Nirman Yojana?
The monthly honorarium for cooks has been increased from Rs 2,000 to Rs 4,000,
benefiting approximately 2.10 lakh individuals, thereby improving their financial well-
being.
How has the honorarium for guest teachers in different classes been revised?
The honorarium for Class-1 guest teachers has been increased from Rs 9,000 to Rs 18,000,
Class-2 from Rs 7,000 to Rs 14,000, and Class-3 from Rs 5,000 to Rs 10,000, doubling their
earnings and improving their financial stability.
What subsidy has been announced for women with gas connections?
A subsidy of Rs 450 has been announced for women with gas connections under the
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana and Ladli Bahnas with gas connections under non-PMUY
during the month of Shravan (04.07.2023 to 31.08.2023) on gas refills.

BRO to Build World's Highest Fighter Airfield
The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) has announced plans to construct the world’s
highest fighter airfield in the Nyoma region of Ladakh. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will
lay the foundation stone for this project from Devak Bridge on September 12. The BRO
aims to enhance India’s infrastructure along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), aimed at
surpassing China in infrastructure development along the LAC within the next two to
three years. The Indian government has significantly increased the budget for border
infrastructure development in recent years, supporting the BRO’s efforts to improve
connectivity and defense capabilities in border areas.
What is the significance of the BRO’s plan to construct a fighter airfield in Ladakh?
The construction of a fighter airfield in Ladakh is strategically significant as it enhances
India’s defense capabilities and infrastructure in the border region, contributing to
improved connectivity and security.
What has been the recent progress in infrastructure development along the LAC?
In the last 2-3 years, 295 projects worth Rs 11,000 crore have been completed in
infrastructure development along the LAC.
How has the Indian government’s budget for border infrastructure development evolved in recent years?
The budget for border infrastructure development has increased significantly in recent
years. In 2008, it was approximately Rs 3,000 crore, increasing to Rs 5,000-6,000 crore in
2017, Rs 8,000 crore in 2019, and around Rs 12,340 crore in the last year.
What is the broader goal of the BRO in enhancing infrastructure along the LAC?
The BRO’s goal is to improve connectivity and defense capabilities in border areas,
contributing to national security and territorial integrity.
G20 Working Group on Empowerment of Women
The G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration has announced the creation of a new ‘Working
Group on Empowerment of Women’ to support the G20 Women’s Ministerial, with its first
meeting scheduled during Brazil’s G20 presidency. While addressing various aspects of
women’s empowerment, such as wage gaps, sexual violence, employment opportunities,
and food security, a significant emphasis of the summit was on halving the digital gender
gap by 2030. This commitment involves addressing gender norms and barriers to digital
technology accessibility, affordability, adoption, and use. The declaration also calls for
regulatory policy frameworks that enable women and girls to actively participate in
national digital strategies and develop digital literacy and skills.
What is the significance of the creation of the ‘Working Group on Empowerment of Women’ within the G20
framework?
The creation of the ‘Working Group on Empowerment of Women’ within the G20
framework signifies a strong commitment to advancing women’s rights and gender
equality on a global scale. This working group is a dedicated platform for addressing
issues related to women’s empowerment, including economic opportunities, safety, and
digital inclusion. Its creation underscores the G20’s recognition of the importance of
actively engaging and supporting women in various aspects of society and the economy.
By focusing on women’s empowerment, the G20 aims to foster inclusive and sustainable
development, bridging gender disparities, and ensuring that women have equal
opportunities and protections in the digital age and beyond.
How does the G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration plan to bridge the digital gender gap by 2030?
The G20 New Delhi Leaders’ Declaration outlines a comprehensive approach to bridge the
digital gender gap by 2030. It involves addressing gender norms and removing barriers to
digital technology accessibility, affordability, adoption, and usage. The declaration
advocates for regulatory policy frameworks that facilitate the participation of women and
girls in national digital strategies, focusing on enhancing digital literacy and skills.
Additionally, it emphasizes the need for safety-by-design approaches in digital tools and
technologies to protect women and girls from potential risks associated with
digitalization. By promoting gender-responsive policies and an inclusive digital economy,
the G20 aims to ensure that women can actively engage in and benefit from the digital
world.
How does the G20 New Delhi Declaration connect gender equality with climate action?
The G20 New Delhi Declaration recognizes the interconnectedness of gender equality and
climate action. It acknowledges that climate change, biodiversity loss, desertification, and
pollution disproportionately affect women and girls. To address this, the declaration
emphasizes the need to integrate gender equality into climate change mitigation,
adaptation, and disaster risk reduction strategies. It calls for increased women’s
participation, partnership, decision-making, and leadership in environmental policy
frameworks. By doing so, the G20 aims to create a more inclusive and effective approach
to climate action, recognizing that women’s perspectives and contributions are essential
for sustainable environmental solutions and resilience in the face of environmental
challenges.
Goa Roadmap for Tourism

The recently released ‘G20 Leaders Declaration’ highlighted the importance of the ‘Goa
Roadmap for Tourism’ as a means to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is
a groundbreaking initiative that provides a blueprint for global sustainable tourism.
Aligned with India’s G20 Presidency theme, it emphasizes tourism’s role in society, the
economy, and environmental stewardship.
To facilitate this commitment, the Ministry of Tourism, in collaboration with UNWTO,
launched the G20 Tourism and SDG Dashboard, showcasing sustainable tourism practices
and policies from G20 nations. The Ministry also plans education and awareness
campaigns, a national competition on ‘Tourism for Tomorrow,’ and the “Travel for LiFE”
initiative to promote responsible and sustainable tourism.
How does the ‘Goa Roadmap for Tourism’ contribute to sustainable global tourism, and what are its key
priorities?
The ‘Goa Roadmap for Tourism’ is a significant contribution to sustainable global tourism
as it provides a comprehensive strategy for aligning tourism policies with the UN’s
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Its key priorities include:

1. Green Tourism: Promoting environmentally friendly practices in the tourism sector.
2. Digitalization: Utilizing digital technologies to enhance tourism experiences and
accessibility.
3. Skills: Developing skills and capabilities in the tourism workforce.
4. Tourism MSMEs: Supporting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in the tourism
industry.
5. Destination Management: Enhancing the management and sustainability of
tourism destinations.
By focusing on these interconnected priorities, the roadmap offers a holistic approach to
sustainable tourism development and prosperity, fostering global cooperation in the
tourism sector.
How does the ‘Travel for LiFE’ initiative align with India’s commitment to promoting responsible and
sustainable tourism?
The ‘Travel for LiFE’ initiative aligns perfectly with India’s commitment to responsible and
sustainable tourism. Inspired by the vision of “LiFE” (Lifestyle for Environment), the
program encourages tourists and tourism businesses to take simple actions that
significantly benefit environmental protection and climate action. It promotes responsible
practices throughout the tourism ecosystem, motivating all stakeholders to contribute to
sustainability. The initiative also recognizes and certifies tourism businesses based on
sustainable criteria. By encouraging tourists and businesses to take a “Travel for LiFE”
pledge, it reflects their commitment to sustainable practices. This initiative underscores
India’s dedication to greener, cleaner, and harmonious tourism practices.
How does the Ministry of Tourism plan to promote host cities of G20 Meetings in India as global MICE
(Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) destinations?
The Ministry of Tourism envisions transforming and promoting host cities of G20 Meetings
in India as global MICE destinations for national and international meetings. This initiative
aims to leverage the infrastructure and facilities developed for G20 events to attract MICE
activities. By promoting these cities as ideal venues for meetings, conferences, and
exhibitions, the Ministry seeks to enhance their global visibility and attractiveness. This
effort not only benefits the host cities economically but also fosters international
collaboration and business opportunities. The Ministry’s commitment to nurturing
sustainable tourism practices aligns with its mission to promote host cities as global MICE
destinations and contributes to the nation’s growth and development.
Shallow Earthquake in Morocco
A devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 struck Morocco, with its epicenter near
Marrakech, causing significant casualties and damage to buildings in the region. As of the
latest reports, at least 632 people have died, primarily in Marrakech and neighboring
provinces, and 329 people are injured.
Earthquakes are relatively rare in North Africa, and Morocco, not being a seismically active
region, was ill-prepared for such a natural disaster. Rescue efforts are underway in
affected areas, and the region remains on edge due to aftershocks.
What factors contributed to the significant casualties and damage caused by the earthquake in Morocco?
Several factors contributed to the substantial casualties and damage. Firstly, Morocco is
not a region that frequently experiences earthquakes, resulting in a lack of preparedness
and construction standards for seismic events. Many buildings, especially in rural areas
and older cities, were not designed to withstand strong tremors.
Additionally, the shallow depth of the earthquake, occurring at around 18.5 km below the
Earth’s surface, released more energy, making it more destructive. The historic city of
Marrakech, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, saw many houses collapse. The remote
location of affected villages in the Atlas mountains further complicated rescue and relief
efforts.
What geological factors contributed to the occurrence of the earthquake in Morocco, an area not known
for frequent seismic activity?
The earthquake in Morocco occurred due to the northward convergence of the African
plate with respect to the Eurasian plate along a complex plate boundary. While seismicity
rates are relatively lower in North Africa compared to other regions, Morocco has
experienced large destructive earthquakes in the past. In this case, the earthquake
resulted from oblique-reverse faulting at a shallow depth within the Moroccan High Atlas
Mountain range. Faults, fractures between rock blocks, allow for movement, and when
they suddenly slip, they cause earthquakes. The oblique-reverse faulting observed in this
earthquake is characteristic of areas experiencing compression, where tectonic plates are
converging.
Why are shallow earthquakes considered more dangerous than deeper ones?
Shallow earthquakes are considered more dangerous than deeper ones because they
release more energy closer to the Earth’s surface. When an earthquake occurs at a
shallow depth, the seismic waves generated by the rupture reach the surface with greater
force and intensity. This can lead to stronger ground shaking, causing more damage to
structures and increasing the risk of casualties. In contrast, deeper earthquakes, while
capable of spreading their effects over a larger area, tend to lose energy as they travel to
the surface, resulting in less intense shaking. Shallow earthquakes are therefore more
likely to cause significant destruction and pose higher risks to populated areas.
September 13, 2023
Swachhta Abhiyan 3.0
The Ministry of Civil Aviation is set to embark on Special Campaign 3.0 from October 2nd
to October 31st, 2023, with preparatory activities commencing on September 15th, 2023.
Building on the success of Special Campaign 2.0 in October 2022, this campaign focuses
on institutionalizing cleanliness and reducing bureaucratic backlog.
What is the purpose of Special Campaign 3.0 by the Ministry of Civil Aviation?
Special Campaign 3.0 aims to expedite the resolution of pending matters and promote
cleanliness in government offices.
What were the key outcomes of Special Campaign 2.0 in 2022?

During Special Campaign 2.0, held at 134 locations nationwide, 43,224 physical files were
reviewed, 32,919 files were eliminated, 42,786 square feet of space was reclaimed, and Rs.
2,65,91,760 in revenue was generated from scrap disposal. Furthermore, 582 public
grievances and 145 public grievance appeals were resolved.
What achievements did the Ministry and its organizations accomplish from December 2022 to August
2023?
During this period, they disposed of 6,577 public grievances, resolved 314 MP and VIP
references, freed 109,189 square feet of space, earned Rs. 2,21,07,809 through scrap
disposal, eliminated 11,283 files, and simplified 36 rules.
How does the Ministry plan to institutionalize cleanliness and reduce bureaucratic backlog?
The Ministry plans to achieve this through its ongoing campaigns, such as Special
Campaign 3.0, where government entities participate in cleanliness initiatives and
expedite the resolution of pending matters.
What is the significance of revenue generation through scrap disposal during these campaigns?
Revenue generation through scrap disposal not only promotes cleanliness but also adds
financial value, which can be reinvested for the improvement of government
infrastructure and services.
Why is the Ministry committed to continuing these campaigns?
The Ministry is committed to building on its campaign achievements to maintain a culture
of cleanliness and efficiency within government offices and to effectively address pending
matters, ultimately serving the public better.
India-Saudi Investment Forum 2023
An India-Saudi Arabia Investment Forum 2023 was organized in New Delhi during the
state visit of Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince. This marked a significant milestone as the first
formal investment symposium between the two nations. Over 500 companies from both
countries participated in the event, reflecting the strong commitment to economic
cooperation. The Saudi Crown Prince had previously announced an investment of

approximately $100 billion in various sectors of the Indian economy.
What were the key topics discussed during the Ministerial Session of the forum?
The Ministerial Session focused on expanding bilateral collaboration in areas such as start-
ups, digital infrastructure, investment promotion, and joint projects, including the
involvement of Saudi Sovereign Wealth Funds.
What were the main outcomes of the Ministerial discussion at the forum?
The outcomes included fast-tracking partnership opportunities, potential investment
collaborations in food processing, logistics, healthcare, renewable energy, and more.
How many Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) were signed during the event, and what is their
significance?
Over 45 MoUs were concluded, both in Government-to-Business (G2B) and Business-to-
Business (B2B) formats. They are expected to deepen economic engagement and
accelerate investment flows between India and Saudi Arabia.
What sectors were discussed during the breakout sessions at the forum, and why were they significant?
The breakout sessions covered domains such as ICT & Entrepreneurship, Chemicals &
Fertilizers, Energy & Sustainability, Advanced Manufacturing, and Food Security. These
discussions explored the potential for enhanced collaboration in these sectors, which can
contribute to economic growth and innovation.
How did the event highlight the importance of mutual growth and economic relations between India and
Saudi Arabia?
The event emphasized the significance of economic and cultural relations between the
two countries, aiming for mutual growth and further strengthening their bilateral ties
through economic cooperation.
International Conference on Dam Safety
The Ministry of Jal Shakti’s Department of Water Resources, River Development, and
Ganga Rejuvenation is organizing the International Conference on Dam Safety (ICDS)
from September 14th to 15th, 2023, in Jaipur. The conference will be inaugurated by the
Vice President of India, Jagdeep Dhankhar, under the theme “Safe & Secure Dams Ensure
Nation’s Prosperity.”
This global conference will bring together experts and leaders in dam safety from India
and around the world. This event focuses on enhancing dam safety, discussing cutting-
edge topics, and highlighting the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP)
Phase II and III. Technical sessions, exhibitions, and cultural programs are planned,
emphasizing the significance of water conservation and management.
What is the primary objective of the International Conference on Dam Safety (ICDS) 2023?
ICDS 2023 aims to strengthen dam safety globally by facilitating discussions among
experts and leaders in the field and promoting the importance of safe dams.
How many dams does India have, and why is ensuring their safety of utmost importance?
India has over 6,000 dams, ranking it third globally in large dams. Ensuring their safety is
crucial due to their multifaceted roles in water supply, irrigation, hydropower, flood
protection, and more.

What key legislation underscores India’s commitment to dam safety, and what does it mandate?
The Dam Safety Act (DSA) 2021 mandates the establishment of the National Committee on
Dam Safety, National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA), State Committee on Dam Safety, and
State Dam Safety Organisation. It requires dam owners to have dedicated Dam Safety
Units, Emergency Action Plans, and regular safety evaluations.
How does the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) contribute to dam safety in India?
Answer: DRIP Phase I, launched in 2012, enhanced safety for 223 dams. Phase II and III,
funded by the World Bank and AIIB, focus on rehabilitating dam structures,
instrumentation, and dam safety institutions, aiming to fully rehabilitate 736 dams across
19 states.
Which entities are responsible for ensuring dam safety in India, and what is the budget for DRIP Phase II
and III?
Dam safety is primarily the responsibility of dam owners, which include state
governments, CPSUs, and private agencies. The project costs Rs. 10,211 crore, with
contributions from external loans and participating states and central agencies.
What cultural experiences are planned alongside the conference in Jaipur?
Sightseeing tours, including a leopard safari and a visit to Bisalpur Dam, are scheduled for
September 16, 2023. Cultural programs featuring classical music and dance forms from
the region, along with dinners, will enrich the delegates’ experience.
Promising Approach for Early Detection and Treatment of Lung and Cervical Cancer
Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have unveiled a groundbreaking
approach for cancer treatment with the potential for early detection and the targeted
elimination of lung and cervical cancer cells. As cancer remains a leading cause of
mortality worldwide, with a rising burden in India, this innovation is significant. Early
detection and intervention are crucial in increasing cancer survival rates, and this
development holds promise in advancing cancer research and treatment options.
What novel approach for cancer treatment and detection has been proposed by scientists at IISc?
Scientists at IISc have proposed a novel approach for cancer treatment that involves early
detection and targeted killing of lung and cervical cancer cells using hybrid gold and
copper sulphide nanoparticles.
Why is cancer a growing concern in India?
The study estimates that India’s cancer cases will reach 29.8 million by 2025, with the
highest burden in North and northeast India. Seven leading cancer sites, including lung
and cervical cancer, are expected to contribute over 40% of the total cancer burden.
How do the hybrid gold and copper sulphide nanoparticles work in targeting cancer cells?
These nanoparticles possess photothermal, oxidative stress, and photoacoustic
properties, enabling effective cancer detection and the potential for targeted cancer cell
elimination.
What were the results of the experiment involving the nanoparticles and cancer cells?
The experiment showed a promising cancer detection rate along with a cancer cell killing
rate of approximately 25%, demonstrating the nanoparticles’ potential for early cancer
diagnosis and treatment.
Why is early detection crucial in increasing cancer survival rates?
Early detection allows for timely medical intervention, resulting in higher chances of
patient survival, particularly in cases of breast and many other cancers.
What broader applications do the researchers suggest for these nanoparticles?
The nanoparticles may also have the potential to diagnose certain other cancers,
indicating their versatility in cancer research and detection.
Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana
The Uttar Pradesh government, led by Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, has introduced the
Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana under the Nand Baba Mission to enhance cattle breeds
and boost milk production in the state. The scheme aims to improve cow breeds,
particularly Sahiwal, Gir, Tharparkar, and Gangatiri, to increase milk production and the
income of dairy farmers.
The government will provide a 50% subsidy on the estimated cost of Rs 62.5 lakh for
establishing a unit of 25 milch cows, with a maximum subsidy of Rs 31.25 lakh per
beneficiary. The scheme will be implemented initially in ten divisional headquarters in the
state. Beneficiaries must have at least 3 years of cattle farming experience and meet
specific land requirements for eligibility.
What are the phases in which the benefits of the scheme will be provided to beneficiaries, and what does
each phase cover?
The scheme provides benefits in three phases. Phase 1 offers a 25% subsidy on unit
construction costs. Phase 2 provides a 12.5% subsidy for the purchase of milch cows,
insurance, and transportation. Phase 3 offers the remaining 12.5% subsidy on the project
cost.
How will beneficiaries be selected for the Nandini Krishak Samriddhi Yojana, and what are the eligibility
criteria?
Beneficiaries will be selected through an e-lottery system. Eligibility criteria include a
minimum of 3 years of cattle farming experience, ear-tagging of cattle, ownership or lease
of 0.5 acres of land for the unit, and approximately 1.5 acres for green fodder.
What is the role of the Dairy Commissioner and Mission Director in implementing the scheme, and why
was it launched in Uttar Pradesh?
The Dairy Commissioner and Mission Director oversee the scheme’s implementation.
Uttar Pradesh, despite being a top milk-producing state, faces low per-animal milk
production due to a shortage of high-quality milch animals. The scheme addresses this
issue by focusing on breed improvement.
How will the selection of beneficiaries be conducted, and what factors might influence the selection
process?
Beneficiaries may apply online or offline. In case of a high number of applications, an e-
lottery will be conducted by a committee chaired by the Chief Development Officer to
select beneficiaries. Factors such as experience, land ownership, and adherence to
scheme criteria will influence selection.
Aswasanidhi Project
The Aswasanidhi project, initiated by the Women and Child Development department, has
provided interim financial relief totaling ₹10.17 crore to nearly 1,400 victims of sex crimes
and severe gender-based violence since its inception in 2018. The project offers assistance
to victims regardless of aid received from the Victim Compensation Fund or other legal
provisions.
What are the criteria for eligibility under the Aswasanidhi project, and how is the relief amount
determined?
The project covers ten different categories of victims, offering relief ranging from ₹25,000
to ₹2 lakh, depending on the severity of the offense.
What types of offenses make victims eligible for assistance under the Aswasanidhi project?
Victims of various offenses, including rape, gang-rape, unnatural sexual offenses, acid
attacks, loss of life, pregnancy due to rape, loss of body parts, miscarriage as a result of
sexual assault, and burn injuries, are eligible for assistance under the project. Acid attack
victims receive the highest assistance, while victims of domestic violence and trafficking
receive the lowest.

Can victims who have received aid from other sources also benefit from the Aswasanidhi project?
Yes, victims are eligible for assistance under the Aswasanidhi project regardless of aid
received from the Victim Compensation Fund or other compensation provided by legal
provisions.
Which fiscal year saw the highest distribution of financial relief under the project?
The highest distribution of financial relief occurred during the 2021-22 fiscal year when
472 victims collectively received ₹3.78 crore.
Invasive Red Fire Ant Species Detected in Italy
A study warns that the invasive non-native ant species, the red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta),
has become established in Italy and poses a threat to Europe and the UK due to global
heating. These ants have a powerful sting, damage crops, and can infest electrical
equipment. The red fire ant is considered one of the most destructive invasive species
globally, causing an estimated $6 billion in damage each year. Researchers have identified
88 red fire ant nests in Sicily, Italy, and suspect they may have come from China or the US.
The UK has been called on to ban soil imports, as invasive ant species can easily spread
through imported soil.
Why is the red fire ant considered one of the most destructive invasive species?
The red fire ant is considered highly destructive because it forms “super colonies” rapidly,
preys on various organisms including invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants, and
competes with native species for food. It also causes significant damage to crops and can
infest electrical equipment, leading to economic and ecological harm.
What is the potential threat posed by the red fire ant to Europe and the UK?
The red fire ant’s establishment in Italy poses a potential threat to Europe and the UK due
to its invasive nature. With global heating, it could spread to approximately 7% of Europe,
including major cities like London, Paris, Rome, and Barcelona. Mediterranean coastal
cities are particularly susceptible, and seaports could facilitate its spread.
How are invasive ant species introduced to new regions?
Invasive ant species can be introduced to new regions through the import of soil. To
prevent their spread, experts recommend banning soil imports. While the EU has banned
soil exports from the UK, the UK has not reciprocated, making it an open door for invasive
ant species. Preventative measures are crucial because once invasive ants establish
themselves, eradication becomes extremely challenging.
How could global heating contribute to the spread of the red fire ant in Europe?
Global heating could make approximately 50% of urban areas in Europe climatically
suitable for the red fire ant. This includes major cities, and as temperatures rise, more
regions will become conducive to the ant’s survival and proliferation, facilitating its spread
across the continent.
What role can the public play in detecting the red fire ant?
The public can play a key role in detecting the red fire ant due to its painful stings and
characteristic nest mounds. They can report sightings, but confirmation by an expert is
required. Given that the ant is frequently found in urban and adjacent areas, public
vigilance can aid in early detection.
Which countries have taken steps to address the red fire ant?
Australia is spending A$400 million on eradicating the red fire ant but has faced criticism
for not acting decisively enough. New Zealand is the only country to successfully eradicate
the ant after it appeared in 2001. Eradication efforts are challenging once the species is
established.
iGOT Karmayogi Bharat Platform Launches Learning Module for Aspirational Blocks Programme
The iGOT Karmayogi Bharat platform has introduced a new learning module dedicated to
the Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP) in collaboration with NITI Aayog. The module
comprises ten courses tailored to the specific needs of Block officials, covering topics such
as time management, communication, leadership, sustainable development goals, and
stress management. The initiative aims to enhance the competencies of 5000 Block-level
officials, enabling them to fulfill their duties effectively. The iGOT Karmayogi platform
serves as an online ecosystem for government officials, offering access to a library of over
685 courses and facilitating continuous learning and skill development.
What is the primary objective of the Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP), and how many Blocks are
covered by this initiative?
The ABP aims to empower government officials in 500 identified Blocks across India with
essential knowledge and skills to drive positive change.
What are the key subjects covered by the learning module introduced on the iGOT Karmayogi platform for
Block officials?
The module includes courses on time management, communication for citizen-centricity,
leadership, sustainable development goals, problem-solving, self-leadership, stress
management, yoga at the workplace, and team building.
How does the integration of this module into the iGOT Karmayogi platform benefit Block officials and
governance at the grassroots level?
The integration enhances the skills and competencies of Block officials, enabling them to
be more effective in their roles. This, in turn, contributes to the transformation of under-
served Blocks and advances grassroots governance across the nation.
What is the current user base of the iGOT Karmayogi platform, and how many courses are available on the
platform?
The platform has over 22.2 lakh learners from various government sectors, and it offers
access to a library of more than 685 courses.
How does the iGOT Karmayogi platform contribute to continuous learning and skill development among
government officials?
The platform serves as an online ecosystem that facilitates capacity-building endeavors for
government officials by offering a wide range of courses and resources. It fosters
continuous learning and skill development, ultimately enhancing governance and public
service delivery.
Delhi Government’s EV Policy 2.0
The Delhi government is set to unveil its EV Policy 2.0, which will prioritize electric vehicle
(EV) retro-fitment as a key strategy for promoting clean energy and extending the lifespan
of existing vehicles. While the process can be costly, the government aims to explore ways
to make it more accessible and cost-effective, potentially through subsidies or incentives.
Retrofit kits will need approval from designated testing agencies, and the government
plans to invest in research and development to advance this technology. The move aligns
with Delhi’s efforts to reduce air pollution and promote sustainable transportation.
What is electric vehicle retro-fitment?
Electric vehicle retro-fitment is the process of converting conventional petrol or diesel
vehicles into electric vehicles. It involves replacing the original internal combustion engine
and associated components with an electric powertrain. This conversion allows vehicles to
run on clean energy sources and contributes to a cleaner environment.
Why is the Delhi government prioritizing EV retro-fitment in its new policy?
The Delhi government aims to promote cleaner air and sustainable transportation. EV
retro-fitment can extend the lifespan of existing vehicles and reduce the need for
scrapping them, aligning with Delhi’s efforts to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions.
What challenges are associated with EV retro-fitment, and how does the government plan to address
them?
One of the challenges is the cost of retro-fitment, with kits priced at around Rs 4-5 lakh,
even for entry-level cars. The government may introduce subsidies or incentives to make
retro-fitment more feasible. Additionally, retrofit kits will require approval from
designated testing agencies. To overcome these challenges, the government plans to
invest in research and development to advance the technology.
How has the response been to EV retro-fitment initiatives in Delhi so far?
The response has been somewhat lukewarm. Despite earlier initiatives, the adoption of
retro-fitment has been limited. However, the government remains hopeful that formal
incorporation into the policy framework and increased investments in research and
development will boost its popularity.
What is the significance of incorporating EV retro-fitment into Delhi’s transportation policy, especially
considering the city’s air quality concerns?
Incorporating retro-fitment aligns with Delhi’s commitment to addressing air quality
concerns and reducing vehicular emissions. It offers an eco-friendly solution to extend the
life of vehicles while promoting clean energy and sustainable transportation, contributing
to a greener and healthier future for the city.
September 14, 2023
'Ayushman Bhava' Campaign
Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya announced the launch of the “Ayushman
Bhava” campaign, aimed at improving the delivery of health schemes to every intended
beneficiary, including those in remote areas. The campaign, commencing on September
13, will be part of the ‘Seva Pakhwada,’ lasting until October 2.
The campaign’s core objective is to enhance healthcare accessibility and awareness,
aligning with the vision of ‘Antyodaya,’ ensuring health services saturation in every village.
The campaign also targets achieving ‘Ayushman Gram Panchayat’ or ‘Ayushman Ward’
status for selected areas. Additionally, initiatives such as an organ donation pledge
registry, blood donation camps, and cleanliness drives will be conducted during the ‘Seva
Pakhwada.’
What are the key components of the “Ayushman Bhava” campaign?
The campaign includes “Ayushman Apke Dwar 3.0” for distributing Ayushman cards,
“Ayushman Mela” for weekly health events, and “Ayushman Sabha” for village-level
health awareness.
What is the significance of achieving ‘Ayushman Gram Panchayat’ or ‘Ayushman Ward’ status?
It indicates the saturation of selected health indicators in the respective areas, aligning
with the vision of ‘Antyodaya.’
What other initiatives will be launched during the ‘Seva Pakhwada’?
Initiatives include an organ donation pledge registry, blood donation camps, and
cleanliness drives at public health facilities.
Union Cabinet Approves eCourts Phase III
The e-Courts Project, initiated in 2007 as part of the National eGovernance Plan, is now
entering its third phase, emphasizing “access and inclusion.” The Union Cabinet, led by
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has given its approval to the eCourts Project Phase III,
a Central Sector Scheme spanning four years with a financial allocation of Rs. 7210 crore,
starting from 2023. The overarching objective is to establish a unified technology platform
for seamless, paperless interactions between courts, litigants, and stakeholders, fostering
transparency and efficiency.
What is the primary goal of the eCourts Project Phase III?
Aligned with the vision of “Sabka Sath, Sabka Vikas, and Sabka Vishwas,” this mission aims
to enhance access to justice through technology. It seeks to create digital, paperless
courts and provide efficient services.

How does the eCourts Project align with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of “Sabka Sath, Sabka
Vikas, and Sabka Vishwas”?
Answer: The project aligns with this vision by focusing on accessibility, affordability,
reliability, predictability, and transparency in the judicial system, ensuring justice for all.
What key components will Phase III introduce to achieve maximum ease of justice?
Phase III will focus on digitizing court records, introducing universal e-filing and e-
payment systems, and implementing intelligent systems to aid judges and registries in
decision-making.
Who is responsible for implementing the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of eCourts Phase III?
The scheme is implemented through a joint partnership between the Department of
Justice, Ministry of Law & Justice, Government of India, and the eCommittee, Supreme
Court of India, in collaboration with the respective High Courts.
Extension of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
The Union Cabinet, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has given the
green light for an extension of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). This extension
spans three years, from Financial Year 2023-24 to 2025-26. This move will bring the total
number of PMUY beneficiaries to 10.35 crore. The scheme, in line with the “Sabka Sath,
Sabka Vikas, and Sabka Vishwas” vision, continues to provide the first refill and stove free
of cost to beneficiaries.
What is the primary objective of the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) extension?
The extension aims to provide an additional 75 lakh LPG connections over three years,
enhancing access to clean cooking fuel for eligible households.
How does PMUY align with the vision of “Sabka Sath, Sabka Vikas, and Sabka Vishwas”?
PMUY embodies this vision by promoting access to clean cooking fuel, benefiting
economically disadvantaged households.
What subsidy support do PMUY consumers receive for LPG cylinders, and why is it important?
PMUY consumers receive a targeted subsidy of Rs. 200 per 14.2 kg LPG cylinder for up to
12 refills per year, ensuring affordability and access to clean cooking fuel for eligible
households.
How has PMUY positively impacted women and their living conditions?
PMUY has empowered women by providing them with easier access to LPG, reducing the
burden of collecting traditional fuels. This has enabled them to participate more actively in
community life and seek income-generating opportunities.
What initiatives were undertaken to expand LPG coverage and improve subsidy distribution?
Initiatives like PAHAL, GIVE IT UP, and the free refill scheme during the COVID-19
pandemic were implemented to enhance LPG coverage and ensure subsidies reached the
intended beneficiaries.
How has the per capita consumption of PMUY beneficiaries changed over time?
The per capita consumption of PMUY beneficiaries increased from 3.01 in 2018-19 to 3.71
in 2022-23, indicating a rising demand for clean cooking fuel among beneficiaries.
Skill India Digital

The Ministry of Skills Development and Entrepreneurship has launched Skill India Digital, a
digital public infrastructure (DPI) aimed at consolidating various government initiatives
related to skill development, education, employment, and entrepreneurship onto a single
platform. Skill India Digital offers an easy-to-use interface adaptable to various devices
and supports multiple Indian languages to ensure accessibility. Users can generate digital
CVs with personalized QR codes for potential employers or partners to access. Secure
access to the platform will require Aadhaar-based eKYC.
How does Skill India Digital aim to benefit individuals and organizations in India?
Skill India Digital intends to benefit individuals by facilitating talent hiring, lifelong
learning, and career advancement while serving as an information gateway for
government initiatives. Organizations can access digital CVs of candidates via personalized
QR codes for potential recruitment or partnerships.
What are some key features of Skill India Digital that contribute to its usability and accessibility?
Skill India Digital offers an easy-to-use interface adaptable to various devices and supports
multiple Indian languages, making it accessible to people from diverse backgrounds. It

also provides secure access through Aadhaar-based eKYC.
How does Skill India Digital aim to centralize and streamline skill development initiatives in India?
Skill India Digital integrates various government training programs into a unified and
centralized hub for skill development initiatives. This approach aims to remove obstacles
and provide a comprehensive platform for skill development.
What role does the generation of digital CVs via personalized QR codes play in the platform?
Skill India Digital allows users to generate digital CVs with personalized QR codes.
Potential employers or partners can scan these QR codes to access a summary of an
individual’s skills, qualifications, experiences, and achievements. This feature streamlines
the hiring process and provides quick access to candidate information.
Plant-Based Polyphenols Offer Novel Strategy to Combat Alzheimer's Disease
Scientists have made a significant breakthrough in the fight against Alzheimer’s disease
(AD) by discovering that naturally occurring plant-based polyphenols, such as tannic acid
found in trees like Chestnut and Oak, can effectively modulate the ferroptosis-AD axis.
Alzheimer’s is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory and cognitive
decline, with no known cure.
The study, led by scientists at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific
Research (JNCASR), found that polyphenols like tannic acid can ameliorate ferroptosis in
AD. They inhibit protein aggregation, reduce oxidative stress, rescue mitochondrial
function, and inhibit ferroptosis. Additionally, tannic acid acts as both an activator and
enhancer of GPX4, a crucial enzyme in the ferroptosis pathway. This breakthrough offers a
promising strategy for addressing the complex interplay between ferroptosis and
Alzheimer’s disease.
What is ferroptosis, and why is it significant in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)?
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death. It is significant in AD
because several characteristics of AD, including abnormal iron buildup, lipid peroxidation,
and reduced GPX4 activity, align with ferroptosis features.
Why is the discovery of tannic acid as a GPX4 activator significant for AD treatment?
Tannic acid’s ability to activate and enhance GPX4, even under AD pathological conditions,
offers a promising strategy for tackling AD and ferroptosis simultaneously.
How does this discovery open up new avenues for drug development and treatment of AD?
This discovery may inspire the development of new and derivative compounds based on
natural polyphenols, enhancing therapeutic efficacy against AD.
What potential benefits does this breakthrough offer for patients with neurodegenerative diseases like
AD?
This research not only addresses specific neurological challenges but also contributes to
scientific knowledge, validating new disease mechanisms and offering therapeutic
avenues for neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
TTPs-Based Framework to Combat Cybercrime Targeting Humans
A groundbreaking approach to cybercrime investigation, the TTPs-based cybercrime
investigation framework, promises to transform the detection and prosecution of

cybercriminals. This framework, designed to combat cyberattacks targeting individuals,
offers the ability to categorize cybercrimes, trace evidential chains, and systematically map
evidence for successful convictions.
Cybercrime Landscape in India
Cybercrimes in India inflict daily financial losses, primarily affecting women, the elderly,
and economically disadvantaged individuals. However, the number of investigations lags
behind the reports due to low cyber literacy among victims.
Development and Support
The TTPs-based cybercrime investigation framework was developed by IIT Kanpur’s
c3ihub with support from the Department of Science and Technology (DST). The DST’s
involvement was under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber Physical Systems
(NM-ICPS).
Primary Objective
The primary goal of the TTPs-based cybercrime investigation framework is to track,
categorize, and systematically map evidence to facilitate the conviction of cybercriminals,
particularly those targeting individuals.
Crucial Need in India
The framework’s development addresses critical challenges faced by cybercrime
investigations in India, including low cyber literacy among victims and a lack of
comprehensive investigative methodologies.
Enhanced Efficiency
By focusing on cybercriminals’ tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), the framework
streamlines investigations, leading to precise and rapid convictions, thus significantly
bolstering cybercrime-fighting efforts.
Expected Impact
Upon implementation with law enforcement agencies, the TTPs-based cybercrime
investigation framework is expected to simplify tracking and convictions of cybercriminals,

ultimately reducing cybercrime activities across the country.
Fourth G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) Meeting
The Fourth G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI) Meeting is scheduled to
be held in Mumbai from September 14 to 16, 2023. Delegates from more than 50 G20
member countries, special invitees, and international organizations will gather to discuss
the ongoing financial inclusion agenda under the G20 India Presidency, with a particular
focus on Digital Financial Inclusion and SME Finance.
Pre-Meeting Symposium
On September 14, a pre-meeting Symposium took place, centered on “Digital Public
Infrastructure for Energizing MSMEs.” This symposium featured panel discussions led by
global experts, covering themes such as “Energizing MSMEs for Higher Economic Growth
through Digital Public Infrastructure” and “Credit Guarantees and SME Ecosystems.” The
symposium aims to explore the role of Digital Public Infrastructure in accelerating the
financial inclusion of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
Meeting Highlights
During the GPFI meeting, members will delve into various topics, including the
implementation of G20 GPFI High-Level Principles for Digital Financial Inclusion, updates
on National Remittance Plans, and the exploration of innovative instruments to address
common challenges in SME financing.
Symposium on September 16
A Symposium on “Advancing Financial Inclusion through Digital Public Infrastructure” will
be held on September 16, 2023, with a particular focus on consumer empowerment
through digital and financial literacy, as well as consumer protection.
Additional Activity
In addition to the meetings and symposiums, delegates attending the GPFI meeting will
have the opportunity to visit the Kanheri Caves in Mumbai.
Delhi Government Allows Registration of All BS VI-Compliant Diesel Vehicles for Inter-State
Stage Carriage
The Delhi government has issued an order allowing the registration of all BS VI-compliant
diesel vehicles for inter-state stage carriage in the national capital. This decision follows a
modification of a previous Supreme Court order on July 24, which now permits the
registration of BS VI-compliant diesel vehicles in Delhi, irrespective of their requirement
for the G20 summit. The move has been welcomed by transport operators for its potential
to reduce emissions and generate revenue for the Delhi government.
What types of vehicles are now allowed registration under the new order issued by the Delhi Transport
Department?
The order permits the registration of BS VI-compliant diesel vehicles for inter-state stage
carriage, All India Tourist Permit (AITP) holders with a capacity of more than 7+1 persons,
coaches, and buses.
How has the decision been received by transport operators, and what benefits do they associate with it?
Transport operators, represented by the Delhi Taxi and Tourist Transporters’ Operators’
Association, have welcomed the decision. They believe it will generate revenue for the
Delhi government through vehicle registrations and that the allowed vehicles have lower
emissions compared to CNG vehicles, contributing to reduced pollution in the city.
What is the significance of the BS VI compliance in diesel vehicles, and how does it relate to emissions
and environmental concerns?
BS VI compliance signifies that diesel vehicles meet stringent emission standards,
resulting in lower levels of harmful pollutants being released into the environment. This
compliance is seen as an important step in reducing air pollution and improving air quality
in urban areas.
Future of Money Report
A report titled “Future of Money” by venture capital firm Blume Ventures suggests that
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have the potential to replace physical cash in the
coming decade. The report predicts a significant acceleration in CBDC adoption and
startup activity over the next 6-18 months, both in business-to-business and business-to-
consumer scenarios. It also highlights that 114 countries, representing over 95% of global
GDP, are exploring CBDCs, with 60 countries in advanced stages of development, pilot
projects, or launches. India, for instance, initiated a CBDC pilot in December 2022.
According to the report, what potential impact could Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have on
financial inclusion?
The report suggests that CBDCs have the capacity to enhance financial inclusion by
providing a secure and affordable means of conducting transactions, especially for
individuals without access to traditional banking services.
What is the expected timeline for the acceleration of CBDC adoption mentioned in the report?
The report anticipates significant acceleration in CBDC adoption and startup activity over
the next 6-18 months.
What distinguishes CBDCs from traditional digital money, according to the report?
The report mentions that CBDCs go beyond traditional digital money offered by
commercial banks and are being developed in collaboration with international bodies
such as the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and the International Monetary Fund
(IMF).
Global Debt as a Share of Economic Output Declined in 2022
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that global debt as a share of economic
output decreased for the second consecutive year in 2022, but this trend may be ending as
the post-COVID growth surge wanes. According to the IMF’s Global Debt Database
update, the world’s total debt-to-GDP ratio fell to 238% in 2022, down from 248% in 2021
and 258% in 2020. However, despite the decline over the past two years, global debt
remains well above the 2019 level of 238% of GDP.
Key points from the report include:
China has been a major contributor to the increase in global debt in recent years,
with its debt burden growing to 272% of GDP in 2022.

The United States also saw a decline in its total debt-to-GDP ratio, from 284% in 2021
to 274% in 2022.
The IMF cautioned that debt is likely to rise again in the medium term and urged
governments to adopt strategies to reduce debt vulnerabilities, including public
debt, household debt, and non-financial corporate debt.
The IMF noted that the rebound in real GDP growth is fading, and inflation is expected to
stabilize at a low level over the medium term. If global debt resumes its upward trend, the
IMF warns that the debt reduction observed since the pandemic could be seen as a
temporary deviation from its long-term rising trend.
What factors contributed to the decline in global debt over the past two years, and how much of the
COVID-induced spike in debt has been recouped?
The decline in global debt over the past two years was driven by strong economic growth
and higher-than-expected inflation. However, despite the decline, only about two-thirds of
the debt increase that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic has been recouped.
What concerns and recommendations did the IMF provide in response to the potential rebound in global
debt levels?
The IMF expressed concerns about the possibility of a rebound in global debt over the
medium term. It urged governments to adopt strategies to reduce debt vulnerabilities,
including addressing public debt, household debt, and non-financial corporate debt. The
IMF emphasized the need for such measures given the fading rebound in real GDP growth
and the expectation of low inflation over the medium term.
Indian Air Force Receives First C-295 Transport Plane in Spain
The Indian Air Force (IAF) marked a significant milestone as it officially received the first
C-295 transport plane during a ceremony in Seville, Spain. The C-295 is a state-of-the-art
aircraft capable of various missions, including special operations, disaster response, and
maritime patrol. The IAF is set to become the largest operator of the C-295 aircraft, with
an initial order for 56 planes, and potential additional orders from agencies like the Coast
Guard, Home Ministry, and Indian Navy.
Key Points:
Handover Ceremony: The first C-295 transport plane was officially handed over to the
Indian Air Force during a ceremony held in Seville, Spain. The delivery of the aircraft took
place 10 days ahead of schedule.
Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India): The first 16 aircraft will be manufactured in
Spain, while the subsequent 40 will be produced through a joint venture between Tata and
Airbus in Gujarat, marking the first time a private consortium in India will manufacture a
military aircraft.
Manufacturing Timeline: Under the contract, the remaining 15 aircraft to be built in
Spain will be delivered by the end of 2024. The 40 aircraft constructed in India are
expected to be delivered by 2031, with the first one potentially rolling out in September
2026.
Joining Exclusive Group: India’s capability to produce the C-295 will place it among a
select group of countries with similar capabilities, including the US, UK, Russia, France,
Italy, Spain, Ukraine, Brazil, China, and Japan.
Key Features of C-295: The C-295 transport plane is a versatile aircraft with features such
as a capacity of 5-10 tonnes, passenger capacity for up to 71 troops or 49 para-troopers,
maximum cruise speed of 260 knots, low-level flight capabilities, rear ramp door for quick
reaction and para-dropping, indigenous electronic warfare suite, and more.
Formal Induction: The aircraft is expected to be formally inducted into service at a
ceremony in Hindon at the end of September.
What strategic advantages does the acquisition of the C-295 aircraft bring to the Indian Air Force, and
how does it enhance India’s defense capabilities?
The C-295 aircraft enhances the Indian Air Force’s capabilities in various mission profiles,
including special operations, disaster response, and maritime patrol. Its versatile features,
such as quick reaction and para-dropping capabilities, as well as the ability to transport
troops and cargo, strengthen India’s strategic airlift capabilities. Additionally, the
involvement of Indian private consortium Tata in manufacturing represents progress in

India’s defense self-reliance.
What significance does India becoming one of the few countries capable of producing the C-295 aircraft
hold in the context of defense manufacturing and self-reliance?
India’s capability to produce the C-295 aircraft marks a significant achievement in its
journey toward defense self-reliance. It reduces dependence on foreign vendors and
empowers the Indian defense industry. This achievement aligns with the government’s
“Make in India” initiative and contributes to strengthening the country’s defense
industrial base.
How might the C-295 aircraft impact India’s disaster response and relief efforts, especially in times of
natural calamities or humanitarian crises?
The C-295’s versatility, including its ability to carry cargo and personnel, makes it a
valuable asset for disaster response and relief efforts. It can quickly transport essential
supplies, conduct medical evacuations, and provide logistical support during humanitarian
crises, thereby enhancing India’s capabilities in responding to such situations.
What economic and industrial implications could the C-295 program have for India, particularly
concerning the aerospace and defense sectors?
The C-295 program represents a significant boost to India’s aerospace and defense
sectors. It stimulates domestic manufacturing, technology transfer, and job creation. The
involvement of private players like Tata in the joint venture with Airbus contributes to the
growth of India’s defense industrial ecosystem. Additionally, it positions India as a
potential exporter of C-295 aircraft in the future, contributing to defense exports and
economic growth.
DMRC, BEL Collaborate on Indigenous Train Control System
The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) have
partnered to develop an indigenous communication-based train control (i-CBTC) system.
The collaboration aims to drive innovation, reduce costs, and promote self-reliance in the
field of train control signalling systems.
Key points from the partnership include:
The development and deployment of a prototype i-CBTC product on a designated
test track within the DMRC network.
The adoption of a Communication-Based Train Control System to optimize train
operations, increase frequency, and enhance passenger services.
The reduction of dependence on foreign vendors and the promotion of
indigenization and standardization in metro signalling and train control systems.
How does the development of the i-CBTC system align with the “Make in India” initiative, and what
significance does it hold for the Delhi Metro?
The development of the i-CBTC system aligns with the “Make in India” initiative
championed by the Government of India. It signifies a significant leap forward for the
Delhi Metro as it embraces a cutting-edge train control system, optimizes train operations,
increases frequency, and enhances passenger services while efficiently utilizing rail
infrastructure.
What is the role of the indigenous Automatic Train Supervision System (i-ATS) in the Delhi Metro’s
commitment to innovation, and how does it relate to the i-CBTC project?
The DMRC deployed the indigenous Automatic Train Supervision System (i-ATS) on its Red
Line earlier, tailored to Indian conditions, showcasing its commitment to innovation. The i-
CBTC project represents a monumental stride towards self-reliance in metro signalling
and train control systems, reducing dependence on foreign vendors and fostering
indigenization and standardization.
How does the collaboration plan to achieve self-reliance in metro signalling and train control systems,
and what expertise is involved in this endeavor?
The collaboration aims to achieve self-reliance by developing and deploying an indigenous
train control system. It involves a dedicated team of 50 engineers from DMRC and BEL
with expertise in signalling technology, software development, hardware development,
safety processes, RAMS, testing, and more. This expertise is essential in driving the project
towards self-reliance and innovation.
Gurugram Unveils Infrastructure Development Roadmap for Projected Population Surge
The Gurugram Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) has introduced a
comprehensive infrastructure development roadmap to guide future projects and
budgets in anticipation of a projected population increase. Gurugram, known as the
“Millennial City,” is a preferred destination for corporations, IT giants, startups, and
businesses due to its connectivity with Delhi and Noida. The strategic plan focuses on
education, healthcare, public safety, recreation, and socio-cultural facilities. It addresses
the need for additional schools, colleges, medical facilities, police posts, fire stations,
sports infrastructure, and socio-cultural amenities to accommodate a growing population.
Key Points:
Population Surge Projection: Gurugram anticipates a population surge that could reach
55 lakh (5.5 million) residents by 2041. To prepare for this growth, the GMDA has devised a
strategic plan aimed at ensuring essential infrastructure and services are in place.
Education Infrastructure: The plan identifies the need for additional educational
institutions, including 750 nursery schools, 430 primary schools, and 686 secondary and
senior secondary schools. It also recommends establishing three more medical colleges,
four engineering colleges, five non-professional colleges, and a veterinary institute.
Healthcare Facilities: Gurugram plans to build two general hospitals, a civil hospital, six
veterinary hospitals, 210 specialty hospitals, diagnostic centers, 250 dispensaries and
clinics, 25 nursing homes, and maternity centers by 2041. The goal is to ensure
government-run healthcare facilities are accessible within a 3-kilometer radius for
residents.
Public Safety: The plan calls for additional police posts, particularly in Old Gurugram and
new sectors with housing societies. It also suggests establishing six more fire stations and
a women’s safety cell to enhance public safety.
Recreation Infrastructure: While Gurugram already has a significant number of parks,

the plan recommends dedicating space for sports complexes and a stadium, opening up
school sports infrastructure to the community, and ensuring parks and playgrounds are
available within colonies.
Socio-Cultural Facilities: Gurugram plans to develop socio-cultural amenities, including
cultural centers, old-age homes, orphanages, night shelters, hostels for working
individuals, and cremation and burial grounds. It also recognizes the need for places of
worship for various communities in newer sectors.
How does the strategic plan address the disparities in educational and healthcare facilities between older
and newer sectors of Gurugram, as well as neighboring areas like Manesar?
The plan acknowledges the disparities in educational and healthcare facilities and calls for
audits of space occupied by larger institutions for multiple purposes. It aims to bridge the
gap by recommending the establishment of additional schools, colleges, medical facilities,
and healthcare centers in both older and newer sectors, including Manesar.
What measures are proposed to enhance early childhood education and childcare services in Gurugram?
The plan suggests the incorporation of playschools, day-care centers, and creches within
housing societies or near offices to improve accessibility to early childhood education and
childcare services. This aims to support working parents and promote early childhood
development.
How does the plan address public safety and emergency response in Gurugram, considering the city’s
projected population growth?
The plan identifies the need for additional police posts and fire stations, particularly in
areas with housing societies. It emphasizes the importance of ensuring that government-
run healthcare facilities are accessible within a 3-kilometer radius for all residents to
enhance public safety and emergency response capabilities.
In what ways does the plan promote community engagement and access to sports infrastructure in
Gurugram?
The plan recommends opening up sports infrastructure in government schools to local
communities after school hours, ensuring that parks and playgrounds are available every
500 meters within colonies. This promotes community engagement and access to sports
facilities, contributing to residents’ well-being.
Why is the establishment of socio-cultural facilities considered important in Gurugram’s development
plan?
The plan recognizes the significance of socio-cultural facilities in providing essential
services and support to residents. Cultural centers promote cultural exchange and
activities, while old-age homes, orphanages, and shelters address specific needs within
the community. These facilities contribute to the overall well-being and social fabric of
Gurugram.
September 15, 2023
TRAI's Consultation Paper on Digital Inclusion in the Era of Emerging Technologies
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has issued a Consultation Paper (CP)
titled “Digital Inclusion in the Era of Emerging Technologies” on September 14, 2023. This
CP aims to address the challenges and opportunities brought about by rapid
advancements in emerging technologies, with a specific focus on ensuring inclusivity,
especially for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
Recognizing that digital connectivity has become integral to daily life, TRAI emphasizes the
need for a robust policy framework and collaborative efforts among stakeholders to
enable wider participation in digital economic activities. Despite significant progress in
India’s digital transformation, disparities in internet access, affordability, and effective
usage persist. TRAI’s paper analyzes these gaps, including disparities in mobile internet
usage, rural-urban connectivity, and gender access, and calls for proactive measures to
create a more equitable digital economy.
What role has digital connectivity played in the lives of Indian citizens, according to TRAI?
Digital connectivity is essential for accessing information, remote work, education, and
more. TRAI sees it as crucial for empowering every citizen and preventing the digital divide
from widening.
What initiatives have contributed to India’s progress in digital transformation, as mentioned in the news?
Initiatives like Digital India, National Digital Communications Policy 2018, National
Broadband Mission 2019, BharatNet, CSCs, and the USOF have expanded connectivity and
digital inclusion.
How has the Jan Dhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) trinity benefited underserved communities in India?
JAM has facilitated transparent welfare subsidy transfers to bank accounts, empowering
the underserved. UPI has enabled real-time money transfers.
What challenges do emerging technologies like 5G and AI pose to digital inclusion in India, according to
TRAI?
TRAI warns that the rapid adoption of technologies like 5G and AI, along with associated
costs, could further widen the digital divide, particularly for marginalized communities and
underserved regions. Addressing these challenges is crucial for comprehensive digital

inclusion.
India's Recognition as an OIML Certificates Issuing Authority
India’s recent achievement as an internationally recognized OIML (International
Organization of Legal Metrology) Certificates Issuing Authority signifies a significant
milestone in the realm of weights and measures. The newfound status allows the country
to issue OIML Pattern Approval certificates for weights and measures accepted worldwide.
This certification is mandatory for international market sales and the Department of
Consumer Affairs can now provide it.
Additionally, India can issue OIML pattern approval certificates to foreign manufacturers,
contributing to foreign exchange earnings. Furthermore, India’s involvement in OIML’s
policymaking and the recognition of OIML Certificates across member states enhance
international trade facilitation.
What is OIML, and when did India become a member?
OIML is an intergovernmental organization established in 1955, and India joined as a
member in 1956. With 63 Member States and 64 Corresponding Members, OIML plays a
crucial role in promoting standardized measurements globally.
Why is an OIML Pattern Approval certificate essential for selling weights and measures internationally?
An OIML Pattern Approval certificate is mandatory for international sales as it ensures
compliance with global standards.
How has India’s recognition as an OIML Certificates Issuing Authority benefited domestic manufacturers?
Domestic manufacturers can now export their weighing and measuring instruments
worldwide without incurring additional testing fees, resulting in significant cost savings.
What role do Legal Metrology’s Regional Reference Standards Laboratories (RRSLs) play in this
recognition?
Reports prepared by RRSLs are now acceptable to OIML issuing authorities, supporting
India’s authority to issue OIML pattern approval certificates.
How can India support foreign manufacturers in the context of OIML approval certificates?
India can issue OIML pattern approval certificates from its certified RRSLs to foreign
manufacturers, generating foreign exchange earnings.
What does India’s recognition as an OIML Certificates Issuing Authority mean for international trade
facilitation?
India’s involvement in OIML’s policymaking and the recognition of OIML Certificates
enhance international trade facilitation by allowing national type approval certificates to
be issued based on these globally recognized certificates.
RBI Directs Regulated Entities to Release Property Documents Promptly
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued directives to all Regulated Entities (REs),
including banks and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), to release original
movable or immovable property documents within 30 days of full loan repayment.
Lenders must also remove any charges registered with registries within the same
timeframe.
What prompted the RBI to issue these directives to Regulated Entities (REs)?
The RBI acted due to observed divergent practices among REs in releasing property
documents, leading to customer grievances and disputes. The directives aim to
standardize and improve this process.
What types of loans are affected by these directives?
These directives apply to personal loans, including consumer credit, education loans, loans
for immovable assets (e.g., housing), and loans for investment in financial assets like
shares and debentures.
How does the RBI plan to address delays in releasing property documents?
In cases of delay, attributable to the RE, the lender must compensate the borrower at a
rate of Rs 5,000 per day for each day of delay and communicate the reasons for the delay.
When will these new directives be effective?
These directives will be applicable to cases where the release of original documents is due
on or after December 1, 2023.
Apple's Shift to USB-C in iPhone 15 Driven by EU Regulations
Apple’s latest iPhone 15 series introduces a significant design change: it replaces the
proprietary ‘lightning’ connector with a USB-C charging port, in compliance with European
Union (EU) regulations mandating USB-C ports on smartphones and electronic devices by
the end of 2024. Initially opposing the rule, Apple decided to comply with it globally. The
change, pushed by EU Member of Parliament Alex Agius Saliba, aims to reduce electronic
waste, improve safety standards, and enhance interoperability. Apple’s move aligns its
charging technology with Android phones, Windows laptops, MacBooks, and other
consumer devices, potentially setting a global standard.
How significant is this change for Apple, considering its previous charging port technology?
Apple’s last major charging port change occurred in 2012 with the introduction of the
proprietary ‘lightning’ connector. The shift to USB-C aligns Apple’s technology with
various other devices and platforms, marking a substantial departure from its previous
proprietary approach.
How did the EU manage to achieve this change in charging standards?
The EU initiated efforts in 2009 to establish a common charging standard voluntarily.
However, in 2021, binding rules were issued mandating a USB-C port for various devices,
emphasizing consumer convenience and e-waste reduction.
What potential impact does this EU regulation have on global charging standards?
The EU’s common charger rules have the potential to set a global standard, similar to the
influence of the EU’s data protection rules, which have been adopted by over 100
countries.
What is India’s stance on harmonizing charging solutions in response to these developments?
India’s Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has established standards for Type-C chargers,
and the government aims to make USB-C a standard charging port for electronic devices
by March 2025, aligning with the EU’s timeline. This transition is seen as feasible given the
global supply chain integration of electronic manufacturers.
France Bans iPhone 12 Sales Over Radiation Concerns

France’s radiation watchdog, the Agence Nationale des Frequences (ANFR), has prohibited
the sale of Apple’s iPhone 12 due to tests revealing that the smartphone exceeded
European radiation exposure limits. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the iPhone 12
was found to be higher than legally allowed. France’s junior minister for the digital
economy, Jean-Noel Barrot, suggested that a software update could potentially resolve
the issue. However, if Apple does not address the problem, ANFR may order a recall of the
device in France. Apple disputes ANFR’s findings, citing certification from international
bodies that the iPhone 12 complies with global radiation standards.
What is SAR, and why is it relevant to smartphone radiation exposure?
SAR stands for Specific Absorption Rate, a measure of the rate at which the human body
absorbs radiofrequency energy from devices. It is relevant because it helps assess the
potential health impact of a device’s radiation emissions.
What were the results of the SAR tests conducted on the iPhone 12 by ANFR?
ANFR reported an SAR of 5.74 watts per kilogram during tests of the iPhone 12 when held
in the hand or kept in a trouser pocket. The EU standard is 4.0 watts per kilogram.
However, health experts maintain that this level poses no risk to human health.
How has Apple responded to ANFR’s findings and the ban on iPhone 12 sales in France?
Apple has rejected ANFR’s conclusions and stated that it provided multiple Apple and
third-party lab results demonstrating compliance with SAR regulations and standards
worldwide. The company intends to contest ANFR’s review findings and engage with the
agency to demonstrate compliance.
Could this ban in France lead to similar actions in other countries?
ANFR’s decision has raised questions about whether other EU member states will also
take action. ANFR plans to share its findings with regulators in other EU countries.
Germany’s Federal Office for Radiation Protection is reportedly discussing the matter,
indicating the potential for further scrutiny. However, the outcome remains uncertain.
Scrub Typhus Claims Lives in Odisha's Bargarh District
Officials in Odisha’s Bargarh district have confirmed at least five deaths due to scrub
typhus infections in recent weeks, with four others testing positive for the disease. Two of
the deceased were from the Sohela block, while one each was from the Attabira, Bheden,
and Barpali blocks in the district. Samples from the region were tested in August and
September, with a total of four patients testing positive for scrub typhus. All four patients
are reportedly recovering well.
What is scrub typhus, and how does it spread?
Scrub typhus is a vector-borne disease that spreads through the bites of infected chiggers,
which are larval mites. These mites typically come into contact with humans in farmland,
forests, and village ponds.
When does scrub typhus commonly occur?
Scrub typhus is common during the rainy season. The mites usually prefer certain areas
like riverbanks, grassy regions and forest clearings.
What are the common symptoms of scrub typhus?
Common symptoms of scrub typhus include fever, headache, body ache, and the
development of a black, inflamed mark on the skin.
How is scrub typhus diagnosed, and what is the treatment?
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Patients with persistent fever should
undergo an ELISA test for scrub typhus, which is available at public health laboratories in
district headquarters hospitals. Treatment is available and is effective if administered
promptly.
120 MCQs
These questions are sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2023 Daily 20 MCQ Series in GKToday
Academy Android Application.
1. Which state implements the ‘Ladli Behna Scheme’?

[A] Maharashtra
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Goa
[D] Odisha
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh raised the financial aid given to women in the Ladli Behna Scheme from ₹1,000 to
₹1,250 per month. About 1.25 crore women will be benefited from this decision. Women in the 23-60 age
group get the assistance if they are not income tax payees and the annual income of their families is
less than ₹2.5 lakh annually. The Chief Minister also announced 35 percent reservation for women in
government jobs.
2. Cabinet declared which day as 'National Space Day' in India?
[A] August 20
[B] August 23
[C] August 25
[D] August 27
Answer: August 23
Union Cabinet has declared August 23 as 'National Space Day' to commemorate Chandrayaan-3's
successful landing on the Moon. The Cabinet also applauded the designation of two moon locations as
'Tiranga Point' (the imprint of Chandrayaan-2) and ShivShakti Point (the landing site of Chandrayaan-3)
in the release.
3. Which country’s military force has unveiled the artificial intelligence robot ‘Valkyrie’ for aerial
combat?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] Germany
[D] UAE
Answer: USA
The Valkyrie, a next-generation drone, is a prototype, has been introduced by the United States military
force. It will serve as a supplement to the fleet of traditional fighter jets. The robot is powered into flight
by a rocket engine and it can fly a distance equal to the width of China. It has a stealthy design and is
capable of carrying missiles that can hit enemy targets far beyond its visual range.
4. Which state/UT inaugurated India’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI) school?
[A] Telangana
[B] Kerala
[C] Karnataka
[D] Punjab
Answer: Kerala
President Ram Nath Kovind inaugurated India’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI) school called as Santhigiri
Vidyabhavan in Kerala’s capital city, Thiruvananthapuram. The AI school is a result of a collaboration
between iLearning Engines (ILE) USA and Vedhik eSchool.
5. Which racing driver clinched the Dutch Grand Prix for the third year in a row?
[A] Lewis Hamilton
[B] Max Verstappen
[C] Charles Leclerc
[D] Sebastien Vettel
Answer: Max Verstappen
Red Bull’s Max Verstappen clinched the Dutch Grand Prix title for the third year in a row. He was
followed by Aston Martin's Fernando Alonso and Alpine's Pierre Gasly. Verstappen secured his ninth
consecutive victory in Formula One, matching Sebastian Vettel's 2013 record.
6. Simone Biles, who was seen in the news, is a popular gymnast of which country?
[A] Russia
[B] China
[C] Ukraine
[D] USA
Answer: USA
Simone Biles wins a record eighth all-around title at the U.S. Gymnastics Championships, a full decade
after her first national title. She won her first world title at the 2013 championships and she has won 25
medals at world championships, including 18 golds — higher than any men’s or women’s gymnasts in
history.
7. An Se Young, who won the badminton world championships, is from which country?
[A] China
[B] Japan
[C] South Korea
[D] Singapore
Answer: South Korea
An Se-young defeated Carolina Marin to become the Republic of Korea's first women's singles world
champion. The world number one played in her 11th final from 12 tournaments this year. Kunlavut
Vitidsarn made history by becoming Thailand's first men's singles world champion after a final against
Naraoka Kodai. He is now the sixth man to win both junior and senior world singles titles.
8. Which Union Ministry launched the sixth edition of Smart India Hackathon (SIH) 2023?
[A] Ministry of Education
[B] Ministry of Home Affairs
[C] Ministry of Science and Technology
[D] Ministry of Electronics and IT
Answer: Ministry of Education
Ministry of Education’s Innovation Cell and the All-India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) have
launched the sixth edition of Smart India Hackathon (SIH) 2023. Since its inception in 2017, the Smart
India Hackathon has become a global model for hackathons and innovation frameworks. This event
presents 239 problem statements, including 182 software challenges and 57 hardware challenges.
9. What is the name of India’s first space-based observatory, to be launched in September 2023?
[A] Arun-L1
[B] Aditya-L1
[C] Kathir-L1
[D] Surya-L1
Answer: Aditya-L1
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch Aditya-L1 on September 2 to study the
sun. The Aditya-L1 mission is the first space-based observatory-class Indian solar mission to study the
Sun. It will be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrangian point (L1) of the Sun-Earth system.
10. Cauvery Water Regulation Committee (CWRC) directed which state to release Cauvery water?
[A] Kerala
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Karnataka
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Karnataka
Cauvery Water Regulation Committee (CWRC) has recommended Karnataka to release 5,000 cusecs of
Cauvery water to Tamil Nadu for the next 15 days. While Tamil Nadu sought 24,000 cusecs to be given,
Karnataka had indicated it would be able to supply 3,000 cusecs.
11. Which city hosted the recent meeting of Western Zonal Council?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Gandhinagar
[C] Jodhpur
[D] Amritsar
Answer: Gandhinagar
Union Home Minister Amit Shah recently chaired 26th meeting of Western Zonal Council at Gandhinagar,
Gujarat. He also inaugurated an e-Resource web portal of Inter State Council Secretariat, Ministry of
Home Affairs. This portal will facilitate functioning of Zonal Councils. The meeting was attended by
Chief Ministers of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and Administrator of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman &
Diu.
12. Kishore Jena, who was seen in the news, is associated with which sports?
[A] Tennis
[B] Javelin Throw
[C] Badminton
[D] Table Tennis
Answer: Javelin Throw
Odisha’s javelin star Kishore Jena became the first from the state to represent India at the finals of the
World Athletics Championship. At the World Athletics Championships in Budapest, he finished fifth with
a personal best of 84.77 metres.
13. Which state raised the OBC quota to 27% in local bodies?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Assam
[C] Jharkhand
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Gujarat
The Gujarat government has increased the reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in the
state’s panchayats and urban local bodies from 10% to 27%. This decision was made based on
recommendations of the K.S. Jhaveri Commission, which was formed based on a 2022 Supreme Court
order on deciding the level of OBC quotas in Gujarat.
14. Goa Shipyard Ltd signed an MoU for capacity building and collaboration in ship design and
construction with which country?
[A] Australia
[B] France
[C] Kenya
[D] UAE
Answer: Kenya
Goa Shipyard Ltd and Kenya Shipyard Ltd signed an MoU for capacity building and collaboration in ship
design and construction. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and Kenyan Cabinet Secretary for Defence
Aden Bare Duale held bilateral talks in New Delhi to promote military industry cooperation and deepen
maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region.
15. Which Union Ministry extended the deadline for enabling Aadhaar-based payment for MGNREGA
workers?
[A] Ministry of Rural Development
[B] Ministry of Finance
[C] Ministry of MSME
[D] Ministry of Electronics and IT
Answer: Ministry of Rural Development
As 42 per cent workers under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) scheme still not eligible for Aadhaar-based payment system (ABPS), the deadline for
enabling Aadhaar-based payment for MGNREGA workers was extended till December 31 Earlier, the
deadline was September 1 and this is the fifth extension by the Centre. This was announced by the
Ministry of Rural Development.
16. What is the new brand identity of Tata for its electric vehicle business?
[A] TATA.ev
[B] NEXON.ev
[C] TEV
[D] TATA Electro
Answer: TATA.ev
Tata Passenger Electric Mobility, a subsidiary of Tata Motors, has announced the introduction of its new
brand identity, TATA.ev, for the EV business. Tata has also revealed a logo for its .ev brand. The .ev
brand will be used by Tata Motors’ Passenger Electric Mobility division and it will not cover Tata Motors’
electric commercial vehicles, as of now.
17. Which was the first major sports event to offer equal prize money to men and women?
[A] BWF world championship
[B] US Open
[C] Australia Open
[D] NBA world championship
Answer: US Open
The 50th anniversary of the U.S. Open becoming the first sporting event to offer equal prize money to
men and women was recently held. The ceremony was attended by former U.S. First Lady Michelle
Obama, former tennis player Billie Jean King, amateur player Gabby Bell, singer Sara Bareilles, and
president of the United States Tennis Association Brian Hainline.
18. Which country has been recently hit by tropical storm Idalia?
[A] Cuba
[B] South Africa
[C] Australia
[D] India
Answer: Cuba
Western Cuba was lashed by tropical storm Idalia and is likely to turn into a major hurricane as it moves
towards the Gulf Coast in Floria. Evacuations have been ordered by the officials. Idalia was churning
around 80 miles off Cuba’s western tip.
19. The ancient city of Kalhu is located in which present-day country?
[A] Greece
[B] China
[C] Iraq
[D] USA
Answer: Iraq
In a new study published in the journal Nature Scientific Reports, researchers have successfully
extracted ancient DNA from a 2,900-year-old clay brick, uncovering a wealth of information about the
plant life cultivated during that era. The brick analyzed in this study was found in the palace of the Neo-
Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II, located in the ancient city of Kalhu, in modern day Iraq.
20. Which European country has announced a ban on wearing the abaya robes in schools?
[A] Germany
[B] France
[C] Spain
[D] Portugal
Answer: France
The French government announced its decision to ban children from wearing the abaya, the loose-fitting,
full- length robes worn by some Muslim women, in state-run schools. France has enforced a ban on
religious symbols in state schools since 2004, to uphold its strict brand of secularism, known as laicite.
21. As per the annual lightning report, which state recorded the highest number of flashes in 2022-
23?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Mizoram
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Sikkim
Madhya Pradesh is found to be the lightning hub of India with maximum flashes of 987,095 in 2022- 23
and highest deaths of 340 per year, according to the fourth annual lightning report. It highlights that the
country recorded more than 20 million lightning strikes in 2022-23, 60% increase in cloud-to-ground
lightning from 2019-20. The Lightning Resilient India Campaign is a collaborative endeavour between the
climate resilient observing systems promotion council (CROPC) and the India meteorological
department (IMD).
22. ‘Kampala Ministerial Declaration’, which was seen in the news, is associated with which field?
[A] Cyber security
[B] Migration, Environment and Climate Change
[C] Artificial Intelligence
[D] Housing and Urban Infrastructure
Answer: Migration, Environment and Climate Change
A total of 48 African countries have agreed to adopt the Kampala Ministerial Declaration on Migration,
Environment and Climate Change (KDMECC) to address the nexus of human mobility and climate change
in the continent. It was co-hosted by the Governments of Kenya and Uganda with support from the
International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC).
23. Shinon Meeras, a centre showcasing the history of Dard-Shina tribes, was opened in which
state/UT?
[A] Jammu and Kashmir
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Goa
[D] Jharkhand
Answer: Jammu and Kashmir
Recently, Shinon Meeras, a centre showcasing the history of Dard-Shina tribes, was opened to the public
at the Gurez Valley in Kashmir. Dard is a strong community of around 38000 people living in the valley,
which speaks the rapidly fading Shina language. The first such cultural centre has been curated and
developed by the Indian Army and the Lieutenant-Governor’s administration.
24. Which state launched ‘Gruha Lakshmi scheme’?
[A] Kerala
[B] Karnataka
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Odisha
Answer: Karnataka
Karnataka government launches Gruha Lakshmi scheme, which aims to provide assistance of ₹2,000
every month to women head of families in the State. The scheme was launched by Leader of Opposition
in Rajya Sabha Mallikarjun Kharge and Congress MP Rahul Gandhi. This is said to be India's largest
money transfer scheme. Around 1.08 crore beneficiaries have been identified for the scheme.
25. Which company has launched a new mobile application called ‘Share(dot)Market’?
[A] PhonePe
[B] Paytm
[C] BharatPe
[D] CRED
Answer: PhonePe
PhonePe has entered into stock broking business with the launch of a new mobile application called
‘Share(dot)Market’, under its subsidiary PhonePe Wealth Broking. It provides market intelligence and
quantitative research-based WealthBaskets, a scalable technology platform. It will be available as a
mobile app and a dedicated web platform, enabling retail investors to buy stocks, engage in intra-day
trades, buy curated WealthBaskets and mutual funds.
26. Gabon, which was seen in the news, is located in which region?
[A] Africa
[B] Europe
[C] Australia
[D] Asia
Answer: Africa
Rebel soldiers in Central African nation Gabon claim to have ousted their President Ali Bongo Ondimba.
Rebel officers in the oil-rich central African state of Gabon announced they had seized power following
disputed elections in which President Ali Bongo Ondimba, in power since 2009, had been declared
victorious.
27. Which country/countries are the hosts of Asia Cup 2023 tournament?
[A] Sri Lanka and Pakistan
[B] India and Bangladesh
[C] Nepal and Bangladesh
[D] Pakistan and Afghanistan
Answer: Sri Lanka and Pakistan
The Asia Cup 2023 tournament kicked off across four venues in Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The 16th edition
of Asia Cup is all set to start on August 30 and will end on September 17. A total of six teams will be
participating. The teams have been divided into two groups and are playing against each other in round-
robin style.
28. Who was the founder of Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc)?
[A] P C Mahalanobis
[B] Alladi Ramakrishnan
[C] Ramanujan
[D] C V Raman
Answer: Alladi Ramakrishnan
The birth centenary of the eminent physicist Alladi Ramakrishnan is being celebrated in December 2023.
He founded MATSCIENCE, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), in Chennai, and served as its
Director until his retirement in 1983 at the age of sixty. The Institute will pay homage to its Founder-
Director, by conducting The Alladi Ramakrishnan Centenary Conference at its campus in Taramani,
Chennai.
29. As per Youth Affairs and Sports Ministry, how many Khelo India Centres will be established
within a year?
[A] 100
[B] 500
[C] 1000
[D] 2000
Answer: 1000
Union Youth Affairs and Sports Minister Anurag Singh Thakur announced that 1000 Khelo India Centres
will be established within a year in the country. It will not only provide employment opportunities to
former athletes but also give budding sportspersons a chance to take guidance from the veterans. To
commemorate the National Sports Day, over 3500 events were observed across the nation.
30. Which team is the winner of FIDE World Rapid Team Championship?
[A] WR Chess
[B] Freedom
[C] MGD1
[D] Speed
Answer: WR Chess
WR Chess has triumphed as inaugural FIDE World Rapid Team Champions. Altogether, WR Chess
secured 22 matchpoints, Freedom finished on 20, and third-placed MGD1 had 18. WR Chess had one
Indian- R Praggnananda, Freedom had two Indian players and MGD1 eight. When it comes to individual
medals for board prizes, as many as seven Indians won either a Silver or Bronze medal.
31. Which state has decided to create a fact-checking unit to curb fake news on social media?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Kerala
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] West Bengal
Answer: Karnataka
In a meeting chaired by Chief Minister Siddaramaiah, Karnataka Cabinet approved the formation of fact-
checking units to tackle ‘fake news syndicates’. The government would introduce legislation against the
propagation of fake news and propose punishment for the spread of fake news.
32. Which Indian has won the 2023 Ramon Magsaysay award?
[A] Ravi Kannan
[B] Gautam Adani
[C] Ghazal Alagh
[D] Kailash Vidyarthi
Answer: Ravi Kannan
Assam-based Oncologist Ravi Kannan has been named one of the four winners of the 2023 Ramon
Magsaysay Award, Asia’s equivalent of the Nobel prize. He is a recipient of India’s fourth-highest civilian
award Padma Shri and the director of Assam’s Cachar Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (CCHRC).
33. What is India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) percent in the April-June quarter of the current
fiscal (2023-2024)?
[A] 5.8 per cent
[B] 6.8 per cent
[C] 7.8 per cent
[D] 8.8 per cent
Answer: 7.8 per cent
India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) registered a growth of 7.8 percent in the April-June quarter of the
current fiscal (2023-2024), compared to a growth of 6.1 percent in the previous January-March quarter
of fiscal 2022-23. According to official data shared by the National Statistical Office, India’s nominal
GDP or GDP at Current Prices in the first quarter showed a growth rate of 8 percent as compared to 27.7
percent in the previous year’s first quarter.
34. What was India’s goods and services tax collection in August 2023?
[A] Rs 1.34 lakh crore
[B] Rs 1.59 lakh crore
[C] Rs 1.65 lakh crore
[D] Rs 1.72 lakh crore
Answer: Rs 1.59 lakh crore

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) revenues for August 2023 have shown a growth of 11 per cent year-
on-year as it stands at Rs 1.59 lakh crore. The increase is due to increased compliance and reduced
evasion. In August 2022, the collection from GST was Rs 1,43,612 crore. Out of the Rs 1.59 lakh crore
GST collected, CGST accounted for Rs 28,328 crore, SGST for Rs 35,794 crore, IGST for Rs 83,251 crore,
and cess for Rs 11,695 crore.
35. In the August, the number of UPI transactions performed which milestone?
[A] 5 billion
[B] 10 billion
[C] 15 billion
[D] 20 billion
Answer: 10 billion
10 billion UPI transactions were performed for the first time in August in India, according to data from
the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), which runs the real-time payments platform. The
real-time mobile payment platform is likely to end August with around 10.5 billion transactions with the
cumulative value crossing the Rs 15-lakh-crore figure for the second consecutive month.
36. ‘Bhaderwah Rajmash and Sulai honey’, which got Geographical Indication (GI) tag, is from which
State/UT?
[A] Assam
[B] Jammu and Kashmir
[C] Rajasthan
[D] West Bengal
Bhaderwah Rajmash and Sulai honey of Doda and Ramban districts of Jammu and Kashmir, have been
granted Geographical Indication (GI) tags. In 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had gifted organic
Sulai honey to Queen Elizabeth during his visit to Britain.
37. What is the name of the World’s Most Advanced Arabic Large Language Model, which was
released recently?
[A] Gyaan
[B] Ruez
[C] Jais
[D] Rooh
Answer: Jais
Inception, a unit of Abu Dhabi AI company G42, has released 'Jais', the world's most advanced Arabic
large language model. Jais is a bilingual Arabic-English model that has been trained on a massive
dataset of text and code. It can be used for a variety of tasks, such as machine translation, text
summarization, and question answering. It was trained on the Condor Galaxy, the world's largest AI
supercomputer, using 116 billion Arabic tokens and 279 billion English tokens.
38. Nilachal Flyover, which was seen in the news, is located in which state?
[A] Assam
[B] Sikkim
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] West Bengal
Answer: Assam
Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma inaugurated the State’s longest flyover, named Nilachal
Flyover after the Nilachal Hills near which it stands. It measures a total of 2.63 kilometres and starting
from Maligaon Chariali to Kamakhya Gate in Guwahati. The flyover was built at a cost of ₹420.75 crore.
39. Renewable Energy Technology Action Platform (RETAP) is associated with India and which
country?
[A] Sri Lanka
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] France
Answer: USA
The new U.S. - India Renewable Energy Technology Action Platform (RETAP) under the Strategic Clean
Energy Partnership has been launched. RETAP was announced meeting in Washington D. C., between
His Excellency Joseph R. Biden, President of the United States of America and Prime Minister Narendra
Modi, when the two leaders announced the expansion of collaboration on new and emerging
technologies to accelerate the clean energy transition.
40. ‘Rashtriya Poshan Maah’ is observed in which month in India?
[A] August
[B] September
[C] October
[D] November
Answer: September
Ministry of Women and Child Development is celebrating the 6th Rashtriya Poshan Maah throughout
September 2023. Several activities are organised across the country with themes like ‘Improving
Nutrition through Mission LiFE & ‘Exclusive Breastfeeding & Complimentary Feeding’.
41. Which institution launched the ‘Adopt a Heritage 2.0’ programme?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] Archaeological Survey of India
[C] Union Culture Ministry
[D] Union External Affairs Ministry
Answer: Archaeological Survey of India
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) launched the “Adopt a Heritage 2.0” programme under which
corporates are invited to fund amenities at monuments from their corporate social responsibility (CSR)
funds. The aim of “Adopt a Heritage 2.0” programme is to enhance the visitor experience at centrally
protected monuments, improve amenities, and bolster the culture and heritage value of the country.
42. Tharman Shanmugaratnam has been elected as President of which country?
[A] Singapore
[B] Malaysia
[C] Maldives
[D] Mauritius
Answer: Singapore
Tharman Shanmugaratnam is the president-elect of Singapore. He was born on February 25, 1957. He is
a popular politician who has won several parliamentary elections. In 2023, he resigned from all
government positions and the PAP to run for the Singaporean presidential election. He won the election
with 70.4% of the votes. Shanmugaratnam was previously the Senior Minister of Singapore from 2019 to
2023. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister for eight years. He studied at the London School of
Economics, Cambridge University, and Harvard University.
43. Which space agency helps India in tracking the Solar mission Aditya-L1?
[A] NASA
[B] ESA
[C] JAXA
[D] ROCOSMOS
Answer: ESA
The European Space Agency (ESA) is helping India in tracking the Solar mission Aditya-L1. It is offering
deep space communication services and assisting with the validation of new flight dynamics software
developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
44. What is the name of the seventh and last stealth frigate of Project 17A, that was recently
launched?
[A] Kailashgiri
[B] Mahendragiri
[C] Sivagiri
[D] Bharatgiri
Answer: Mahendragiri
The seventh and last stealth frigate of Project 17A, Mahendragiri, was launched at Mazagon Dock
Shipbuilders Ltd. (MDL) in Mumbai. Under Project 17A, a total of seven ships were constructed, four at
Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd. , Mumbai and three at Garden Reach Ship Builders Limited (GRSE),
Kolkata.
45. Which state launched the ‘Mukhyamantri Medhabi Chatra Protshan Yojana (MMCPY)’?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Odisha
[C] Karnataka
[D] Bihar
Answer: Odisha
The government of Odisha has launched the Mukhyamantri Medhabi Chatra Protsahan Yojana (MMCPY)
to provide financial assistance to scheduled tribe (ST) and scheduled caste (SC) students pursuing
higher studies in medical and engineering. Under the scheme, the government will reimburse the entire
course fees.
46. Which country’s central bank Governors topped the ‘Global Finance Central Banker Report
Cards 2023’?
[A] India
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: India
Reserve Bank of India Governor Shaktikanta Das has been ranked as the top central banker globally by
US-based Global Finance magazine. Das has been rated 'A+' in the Global Finance Central Banker Report
Cards 2023.Das has been placed at the top of the list of three central bank governors who have been
rated A+.
47. ‘International Literacy Day’ is observed on which day?
[A] July 8
[B] August 8
[C] September 8
[D] October 8
Answer: September 8
The Government of India has decided to organise a literacy week from 1st September to 8th September
2023 to celebrate International Literacy Day. UNESCO will celebrate International Literacy Day (ILD) on 8
September 2023 under the theme ‘Promoting literacy for a world in transition: Building the foundation for
sustainable and peaceful societies’.
48. National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is an autonomous organisation
functioning under which Union Ministry?
[B] Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of Women and Child Development
Answer: Ministry of Education
National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has been granted the deemed-to-be-
university status by the Ministry of Higher Education, Union Minister of Education Dharmendra Pradhan.
It was announced on the 63rd Foundation Day of the apex decision-making body for school education.
He suggested setting up Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence labs in all seven
regional centres of NCERT.
49. Which country has launched a new type of frigate named the Type 054B?
[A] China
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] Israel
Answer: China
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy has launched a new type of frigate, the Type 054B,
China’s Ministry of National Defense. Type 054B is the larger and more advanced version of Type 054A,
which currently forms the backbone of the PLAN (People's Liberation Army Navy).
50. Which country is set to send its representatives to China to stabilise its relationships?
[A] India
[B] Australia
[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: Australia
Australia will send a delegation of industry, government, academic, media and arts representatives to
Beijing for a dialogue with their Chinese counterparts next week to stabilise its relationship with China,
as per Australia’s Foreign Ministry. Trade, investment, people-to-people links as well as regional and
international security are among the issues up for discussion in the next talks. The high-level dialogue
had been held annually from 2014 until it was stopped in 2020.
51. Which cities are the host of India’s first two FIFA World Cup 2026 Qualifiers?
[A] Kolkata and Durgapur
[B] Bhubaneswar and Guwahati
[C] Mysuru and Bengaluru
[D] Chennai and Puducherry
Answer: Bhubaneswar and Guwahati
Bhubaneswar and Guwahati will host India's opening two home matches in the FIFA World Cup 2026 and
AFC Asian Cup 2027 Preliminary Joint Qualification Round 2, the All India Football Federation
announced. India have been drawn in Group A of the Asian qualifiers, alongside Qatar, Kuwait, and the
winners of the Preliminary Joint Qualification Round 1 fixture between Afghanistan and Mongolia.
52. Which company has launched ‘ALT ID’ solution for guest checkout transactions?
[A] Paytm
[B] PhonePe
[C] Mastercard
[D] VISA
Answer: Mastercard
Mastercard, technology company in the payments industry, has launched ALT ID solution for guest
checkout transactions. ALT ID is a custom-made capability to create an alternate identifier for the real
card numbers provided by cardholders during guest checkout transactions on e-commerce platforms.
53. Dr Shanta Thoutam, who received the World Innovation Award, is the Chief Innovation Officer
(CIO) of which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Telangana
[C] Odisha
[D] New Delhi
Answer: Telangana
Telangana Chief Innovation Officer (CIO) Dr Shanta Thoutam received the World Innovation Award at the
first BRICS Innovation Forum hosted in Moscow. The award is given for outstanding contribution to the
Sustainable Development Goal-4 that ensures inclusive and equitable quality education and promotes
lifelong opportunities for all. The award was instituted by World Organisation for Development.
54. Who is the chair of the Committee set up to assess the viability of the “one nation, one election”
concept?
[A] Amit Shah
[B] Ranjan Gogoi
[C] Ramnath Kovind
[D] Pratibha Patil
Answer: Ramnath Kovind
The Union government has formed a committee under former President Ram Nath Kovind to assess the
viability of the “one nation, one election” concept. The members of the panel include Union home
minister Amit Shah, ex-J&K chief minister Ghulam Nabi Azad, former Finance Commission chairman N K
Singh, Constitution expert Subhash C Kashyap, senior advocate Harish Salve, and ex-Chief Vigilance
Commissioner Sanjay Kothari.
55. Which country has emerged champions in the Men's Hockey5s Asia Cup?
[A] Pakistan
[B] India
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Bangladesh
Answer: India
India emerged champions in the Men's Hockey5s Asia Cup, beating arch-rivals Pakistan 2-0 in a
shootout after both teams were locked at 4-4 in regulation time. With the win, India have booked their
place in the FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup 2024.
56. Avinash Sable, who was seen in the news, is associated with which sports?
[A] Shooting
[B] Archery
[C] Steeplechase
[D] Tennis
Answer: Steeplechase
In Athletics, India’s Avinash Sable qualified for his maiden Diamond League Final after finishing fifth in
the men’s 3000m steeplechase race at the Xiamen Diamond League 2023 in China. Morocco’s Soufiane
El Bakkali, the reigning Olympic and world champion, won the Xiamen track and field event with a meet
record. India’s Neeraj Chopra (men’s javelin throw) and Murali Sreeshankar (men’s long jump) have
already entered the Diamond League Final.
57. Satkosia Tiger Reserve, that was recently making news, is in which state?
[A] Odisha
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Jharkhand
Answer: Odisha
In the Satkosia Tiger Reserve, two highly decomposed elephant carcasses were recently discovered.
This reserve is situated in the Odisha, spanning across four districts: Angul, Cuttack, Boudh, and
Nayagarh. The reserve covers a vast area of 1136.70 sq km, with 523.61 sq km designated as the core
area. It's also part of the Mahanadi Elephant Reserve and serves as the confluence of two significant
bio-geographic regions in India: the Deccan Peninsula and the Eastern Ghats. Satkosia's terrain is
characterized by hills, moderate to steep slopes, and narrow valleys. The forest primarily consists of
North Indian tropical moist deciduous forests and Moist peninsular low-level sal. Sal trees dominate the
landscape, often growing in dense clusters, alongside species like Asan, Dhaura, Bamboo, and Simal.
The reserve is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, leopards, elephants, spotted deer, sambar,
chowsingha, barking deer, bison, wild dogs, sloth bears, jackals, giant squirrels, and porcupines. It also
provides a natural habitat for two endangered species: the freshwater crocodile and the gharial.
58. The 12 feet high statue of Mahatma Gandhi was inaugurated recently along with ‘Gandhi Vatika’
in which city?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Surat
[C] Mumbai
[D] Kolkata
Answer: New Delhi
On September 4, 2023, President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu, unveiled a 12-foot statue of Mahatma
Gandhi and inaugurated 'Gandhi Vatika' at Gandhi Darshan, New Delhi. She praised Gandhi's global
influence, highlighting his non-violence principles during times of world turmoil like the world wars. The
President cited leaders such as Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barack Obama who
followed Gandhi's path for world welfare. She emphasized the role of institutions like Gandhi Smriti and
Darshan Samiti in promoting his teachings through various media.
59. MQ-9B Predator Drone, that was in news recently, was developed by which country?
[A] Israel
[B] Russia
[C] United States
[D] Germany
Answer: United States
India is finalizing a Letter of Request (LoR) to the US government to acquire 31 MQ-9B Predator drones
from General Atomics. These drones, a variant of the MQ-9 "Reaper," offer remote or autonomous flight
capabilities and also carry strike missiles for precise target elimination. Developed by General Atomics,
the MQ-9B comes in two versions, SkyGuardian and SeaGuardian. The Indian Navy already operates the
MQ-9B Sea Guardian since 2020. With a payload of up to 5,670 kg, the drone can fly above 40,000 feet
for 40 hours, making it valuable for surveillance, warfare, and expeditionary roles, including integration
into civil airspace.
60. Which Railway Station was recently awarded the ‘Green Railway Station’ certification with the
highest rating of Platinum by the Indian Green Building Council?
[A] Chengalpattu Railway Station, Tamil Nadu
[B] Hubbali Railway Station, Karnataka
[C] Kalyan Railway Station, Maharashtra

[D] Vijaywada Railway Station, Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Vijaywada Railway Station, Andhra Pradesh
Vijayawada Railway Station achieved the prestigious 'Green Railway Station' certification, receiving the
highest Platinum rating from the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), a division of the Confederation of
Indian Industry (CII) founded in 2001. IGBC serves as India's foremost certification body, offering
services such as green building rating programs, certification, and training. They host the annual Green
Building Congress and actively participate in global discussions on environmental issues. The station's
rating considers six key environmental categories: sustainable facilities, health and sanitation, energy
and water efficiency, smart and green initiatives, and innovation. IGBC's headquarters are located in
Hyderabad.
61. ‘Kinzhal Missile’, that was recently making news, is developed by which country?
[A] USA
[B] France
[C] Russia
[D] Israel
Answer: Russia
The first Su-34 bomber crew to launch a Kinzhal missile in Ukraine received state awards. The Kh-47M2,
known as "Kinzhal" (Dagger), is a Russian air-launched hypersonic ballistic missile capable of carrying
conventional or nuclear warheads with a 480 kg payload, including a 10-50 kt thermonuclear option. It
achieves speeds up to Mach 10 (12,350 km/hr) and has a range of 1,500-2,000 km. With an 8 m length, 1
m body diameter, and 4,300 kg launch weight, it's launched from MiG-31 jets at 18 km altitude,
maneuvering throughout its flight to evade air defense.
62. Tharosaurus indicus, dinosaur fossils from the Middle Jurassic period, was recently discovered in
which region?
[A] Deccan Plateu, India
[B] Thar Desert, India
[C] Gobi Desert, China
[D] Indus Valley, Pakistan
Answer: Thar Desert, India
Recently, scientists from IIT Roorkee made a discovery by characterizing dinosaur fossils from the
Middle Jurassic period, unearthed in the Thar Desert near the Jaisalmer Basin, by the Geological Survey
of India. The fossils belong to a species known as Tharosaurus indicus, a member of the
Dicraeosauridae family within the superfamily Diplodocoidea. These fossils represent the first
dicraeosaurid sauropods ever found in India and are approximately 167 million years old, making them
the world's oldest known diplodocoid fossils. The scientists coined the name Tharosaurus indicus,
drawing from "Tharo" (referring to the Thar desert), "sauros" (Greek for lizard), and "indicus" (indicating
its Indian origin). These dinos were distinct within their family, characterized by smaller size and shorter
necks and tails compared to their long-necked sauropod counterparts. Sauropods originated during the
Jurassic period around 200 million years ago and were a dominant group of dinosaurs, surviving until
the late Cretaceous period, when dinosaurs met their demise. While dicraeosaurid fossils have been
found in other parts of the world, this discovery sheds new light on prehistoric India's biodiversity.
63. Koraput Kalajeera Rice, which got Geographical Indication (GI) status, is cultivated in which
state?
[A] Punjab
[B] Odisha
[C] Andhra Pradesh

[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Odisha
Koraput Kalajeera Rice, known as the 'Prince of Rice,' recently received Geographical Indications status.
Indigenous to Odisha's Koraput district, this aromatic rice has been cultivated for generations by local
farmers. Resembling coriander seeds, it boasts excellent nutritional and cooking qualities. The rice,
grown by the region's tribal communities for thousands of years, is celebrated for its black color,
enticing aroma, and rich taste. Traditional wisdom suggests it aids memory, diabetes control, raises
hemoglobin levels, and boosts metabolism. Moreover, this fragrant grain possesses various medicinal
properties, including being antispasmodic, stomachic, carminative, antibacterial, astringent, and
sedative. It thrives in areas like Tolla, Patraput, Pujariput, Baliguda, and Mohuli in Koraput district.
64. Gilbert Hill, a monolith column of black basalt rock, lies in which state of India?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Kerala
Answer: Maharashtra
The Maharashtra Government has proposed to transform Gilbert Hill, a 200-foot monolithic column of
black basalt rock in Mumbai, into a tourist attraction similar to Dubai's Burj Khalifa. This geological
wonder, formed around 66 million years ago during the Mesozoic Era, stands as a unique heritage site.
Declared a National Park in 1952 and categorized as a Grade II heritage structure by the Brihan Mumbai
Municipal Corporation in 2007, Gilbert Hill is one of only three volcanic rock outcrops globally. The site
features temples and a small garden atop the rock, accessible via a steep carved staircase. This project
aims to boost tourism and conservation efforts, preserving this ancient relic for future generations. The
Mesozoic Era, during which Gilbert Hill was formed, spans from 252 million to 66 million years ago. It's
known as the "Age of Dinosaurs," characterized by the emergence and domination of various dinosaur
species across three periods: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. The era ended with a mass extinction
event, marking a critical transition in Earth's history.
65. What is the primary purpose of the National Carbon Registry launched by the UNDP in August
2023?
[A] To facilitate carbon credit trading between countries
[B] To track emissions and invest in emission-reducing projects
[C] To provide customizable software for carbon management
[D] To promote digital public infrastructure for climate challenges
Answer: To track emissions and invest in emission-reducing projects
National Carbon Registry is open-source software that allows countries to manage their carbon credit
trading data and processes. The software was launched by the UNDP in August 2023. It is the first of its
kind to allow countries to customize the code to their specific needs. The registry is supported by the
Digital4Climate Working Group, which includes the UNDP, World Bank, UNFCCC, and EBRD. The group
aims to build a digital public infrastructure to address climate challenges and carbon markets. The
carbon registry system allows companies to track their emissions and then offset them by investing in
emission-reducing projects. For example, a company might invest in a project that captures methane
from a landfill or replaces high-emitting lightbulbs with low-emitting LED lights. The registry's framework
is based on globally recognized ISO standards. Independent verification bodies ensure that carbon
reduction projects follow strict rules in offsetting.
66. What is the conservation status of “Stump Tailed Macaque”, as per the IUCN Red List?
[A] Near Threatened

[B] Endangered
[C] Critically Endangered
[D] Vulnerable
Answer: Vulnerable
Eight stump-tailed macaques were recently relocated to the Delhi Zoo from Aizawl Zoological Park in
Mizoram. Also known as bear macaques, these monkeys belong to the Old-World monkey species,
Macaca arctoides. They are primarily found in the tropical and subtropical evergreen forests of South
Asia. Their natural habitat spans Cambodia, southwest China, northeast India, Laos, Myanmar,
northwest Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In India, they inhabit regions south of the
Brahmaputra River, including Assam, Meghalaya, eastern Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur,
Mizoram, and Tripura. Stump-tailed macaques sport thick, dark brown fur, short tails (3.2-69 mm), and
distinctive pink or red faces that darken as they age. Males are larger than females, with longer canine
teeth used for social dominance. Their diet comprises fruits, leaves, seeds, insects, and small animals,
often stored in cheek pouches. They move primarily on the ground due to limited tree agility. These
macaques are classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and are protected under India's Wildlife
(Protection) Act of 1972 (Schedule II). Conservation efforts are crucial to safeguard their population.
67. Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced the Incremental Cash Reserve Ratio (I-CRR) for which of
these reasons?
[A] To encourage banks to increase their lending to the public.
[B] To absorb surplus liquidity resulting from the return of Rs 2000 currency notes.
[C] To reduce the reserve requirement for banks.
[D] To promote digital payment methods.
Answer: To absorb surplus liquidity resulting from the return of Rs 2000 currency notes.
I-CRR was introduced as a temporary measure to manage the excess liquidity in the banking system,
which occurred due to the return of Rs 2000 currency notes. This reserve required banks to maintain
10% of the increase in their net demand and time liabilities between May and July 2023 to absorb the
surplus liquidity. The RBI has decided to discontinue the I-CRR in a phased manner by releasing
impounded funds in installments, as mentioned in the text, to ensure that the system liquidity is not
subject to sudden shocks and that money markets function smoothly.
68. What is one of the primary objectives of the Aditya-L1 mission regarding the Sun's upper layers?
[A] To explore the Sun's core
[B] To investigate the solar wind
[C] To study the chromosphere and corona
[D] To measure the Sun's magnetic field
Answer: To study the chromosphere and corona
One of the primary objectives of the Aditya-L1 mission is to study the upper layers of the Sun,
specifically the chromosphere and corona, to gain a better understanding of their behavior and
interaction with each other.
69. What does the Language Diversity Index (LDI) measure?
[A] The total number of languages spoken in a country
[B] The decline in the number of mother-tongue speakers worldwide
[C] The probability that two people chosen at random have the same mother tongue
[D] The linguistic diversity of a country's population
Answer: The probability that two people chosen at random have the same mother tongue
The Language Diversity Index (LDI) measures the probability that two people selected from a population
at random will have different mother tongues, indicating the linguistic diversity of a country's population.
It ranges from 0 (everyone has the same mother tongue) to 1 (no two people have the same mother
tongue).
70. The Viability Gap Funding for development of BESS aims to generate 4,000 MWh of BESS
projects by?
[A] 2024-25
[B] 2030-31
[C] 2035-36
[D] 2040-41
Answer: 2030-31
The Union Cabinet has approved the Scheme for Viability Gap Funding (VGF) aimed at fostering the
development of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). This scheme aspires to generate 4,000 MWh of
BESS projects by 2030-31, backed by up to 40% capital cost support in the form of VGF. the scheme
seeks to provide clean, reliable, and cost-effective electricity to citizens. With an initial outlay of Rs.
9,400 crores, it aims to achieve a Levelized Cost of Storage (LCoS) ranging from Rs. 5.50-6.60 per kWh.
71. Which city is the host of Transnational Grid Interconnections for One Sun, One World, One Grid
(OSOWOG) Conference?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Mumbai
[C] Gandhi Nagar
[D] Bengaluru
Answer: New Delhi
In preparation for the 18th G20 Summit, a Conference titled Transnational GridInterconnections for One
Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG) took place in New Delhi. Organized by Power Grid Corporation of
India Limited (POWERGRID), this event highlighted the significance of cross-border grid interconnections
in the context of global energy sustainability.
72. India has imported Date Palm tree from which country, as part of sapling planting event under
G-20 Summit?
[A] Saudi Arabia
[B] UAE
[C] Oman
[D] Bahrain
Answer: Saudi Arabia
India is set to host the G20 Summit, and as part of the event, visiting leaders will plant saplings of native
trees from 17 different countries. It aims to promote environmental awareness and symbolize
cooperation among nations. Saplings of native plants have been imported from both G20 member
countries and other invitee nations. India has imported trees like the Date Palm from Saudi Arabia, Olive
from Italy and Turkey, and Camphor Laurel from China and Japan. For the invitee countries, saplings
include the Ghaf tree from the UAE, Frankincense from Oman, Frangipani from Mauritius, and Mango
tree from Bangladesh.
73. Which institution launched ‘Hello! UPI – Conversational Payments on UPI’?
[A] NASSCOM
[B] NPCI
[C] RBI
[D] SEBI
Answer: NPCI
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has launched a set of innovative digital payment
products during the Global Fintech Fest 2023 in Mumbai. ‘Credit Line on UPI’ enables pre-sanctioned
credit lines from banks via the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), providing users with access to instant
credit. ‘UPI LITE X’ facilitates offline payments, while ‘UPI Tap & Pay’ enhances digital payments through
Near Field Communication (NFC) technology for QR code-based transactions. ‘Hello! UPI –
Conversational Payments on UPI’ allows voice-enabled UPI payments in Hindi and English through UPI
apps, telecom calls, and IoT devices.
74. Zhen Hua 15, a project cargo vessel, which has commenced its maiden voyage from the East
China Sea to the coast of Kerala, is from which country?
[A] Japan
[B] Hong Kong
[C] Taiwan
[D] South Korea
Answer: Hong Kong
The Zhen Hua 15, a project cargo vessel flying the Hong Kong flag, has commenced its maiden voyage
from the East China Sea to the coast of Kerala. This vessel carries one quay crane and two-yard cranes
is destined for the Vizhinjam international seaport in Kerala. Port authorities in Kerala ordered eight
quay cranes and 24-yard cranes from Zhenhua Port Machinery Company in Shanghai, China.
75. Which country’s Supreme Court has decriminalized abortion across the country?
[A] Qatar
[B] Mexico
[C] Chile
[D] Italy
Answer: Mexico
Mexico's Supreme Court has made a decision by ruling that all federal criminal penalties for abortion are
unconstitutional, effectively decriminalizing abortion across the country. This decision does not
automatically guarantee access to abortion for all Mexican women, as the country has a federal system
with varying state laws. Some 20 Mexican states still criminalize abortion, necessitating further legal
efforts to remove penalties and ensure access.
76. Which institution issued guidelines to strengthen cyber security and cyber resilience framework
for stock exchanges?
[A] RBI
[B] SEBI
[C] IRDAI
[D] PFRDA
Answer: SEBI
SEBI issued guidelines to strengthen cyber security and cyber resilience framework for stock exchanges
and other market infrastructure institutions (MIIs). As per the guidelines, MIIs shall maintain offline,
encrypted backups of data and shall regularly test these backups at least on a quarterly basis to ensure
confidentiality, integrity and availability.
77. Which company is the official sponsor of Indian contingent at Hangzhou Asian Games?
[A] Byju’s
[B] Amul
[C] Odisha state
[D] Tata
Answer: Amul
Amul will be the Official Sponsor of the Indian Contingent for the XIX Asian Games 2022 to be held in
Hangzhou, China from September 23 to October 8 2023. As part of this association, Amul will use the
integrated logo in its communication to celebrate the efforts of the sportsperson. The XIX Asian Games
2022 will feature 482 events across 40 sports.

78. Divya Deshmukh, who was seen in the news, is associated with which sports?
[A] Golf
[B] Chess
[C] Squash
[D] Tennis
Answer: Chess
Divya Deshmukh recently clinched the women’s rapid title at the Tata Steel Chess India tournament. The
17-year-old chess player from Nagpur earned the title of woman grandmaster in the year 2021 at the age
of 15. She won the Asian Women’s Chess Championships title this year. She is currently ranked 7th in
the list of the nation’s women’s players.
79. ‘Kala Jeera Rice’ is a famous food product from which state?
[A] Odisha
[B] West Bengal
[C] Karnataka
[D] Punjab
Answer: Odisha
A private company, Jaivik Shree Farmers Producers Company (JSFPC), applied for the GI tag for 'Kala
Jeera Rice’ of Koraput, Odisha. The M S Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) in Jeypore, Odisha,
has raised concerns over potentially excluding local farmers from its benefits. MSSRF argued that only
government agencies should apply for GI tags to ensure broad benefits to the farming community.
80. Which city topped the ‘Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2023 Clean Air Survey’?
[A] Indore
[B] Mysuru
[C] Kochi
[D] Panjim
Answer: Indore
Union Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Minister Bhupender Yadav announced the results of the
Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2023 (clean air survey). Indore, Madhya Pradesh, claimed the top spot among
million-plus population cities. The survey, in its second year, included 130 identified cities under the
National Clean Air Programme. Agra, Uttar Pradesh, secured the second rank, followed by Thane,
Maharashtra, in third place.
81. Which institution released a report highlighting Growth of Online Gig Work in Developing
Nations?
[A] IMF
[B] WEF
[C] World Bank
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: World Bank
A recent report from the World Bank reveals that online gig work is on the rise globally, particularly in
developing countries. The report estimates that approximately 435 million people worldwide engage in
online gig work, with demand for such work increasing by 41% between 2016 and 2023. The report
underscores the need for social protections and labor standards to address the challenges faced by gig
workers worldwide.
82. Which institution has developed the ‘Military Combat Parachute System’ of India?
[A] HAL
[B] BHEL
[C] DRDO
[D] ISRO
Answer: DRDO
The Indian Air Force (IAF) recently conducted a historic test of the Military Combat Parachute System. It
was indigenously designed and developed by the Aerial Delivery Research and Development
Establishment (ADRDE), an R&D lab of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
83. Which company has introduced India's first UPI-ATM in partnership with NPCI?
[A] Hitachi
[B] Paytm
[C] Pine Labs
[D] India1
Answer: Hitachi
Hitachi Payment Services, a subsidiary of Japan-based Hitachi, introduced India's first UPI-ATM in
partnership with the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) during the Global Fintech Fest in
Mumbai. This UPI-ATM allows customers to withdraw cash without the need for a debit or credit card.
The United Payments Interface (UPI) is a mobile payment method operated by NPCI that enables instant
and free fund transfers between bank accounts.
84. Which institution released the ‘Gender Snapshot 2023 Report’?
[A] United Nations
[B] IMF
[C] World Bank
[D] WEF
Answer: United Nations
The United Nations has released a report stating that the goal of achieving gender equality by 2030, as
set by the U.N., is unlikely to be realized due to deeply ingrained biases against women in various
sectors such as health, education, employment, and politics. The report, titled "The Gender Snapshot
2023," by UN Women and the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, highlights that active
resistance to gender equality and chronic underinvestment are key factors slowing progress and even
leading to reversals in some cases.
85. Scientists have discovered the fossil of Fujianvenator, a bird-like dinosaur in which country?
[A] Greece
[B] China
[C] Chile
[D] Japan
Answer: China
Scientists have discovered the fossil of a pheasant-sized, bird-like dinosaur in Fujian Province, China,
dating back to approximately 148 to 150 million years ago. The dinosaur, named Fujianvenator
prodigiosus, has an unusual anatomy, with elongated legs and arms resembling wings. It belonged to a
group called avialans, which includes birds and their closest non-avian dinosaur relatives.
86. Which country are pioneering efforts to grow fruit tissue in laboratories?
[A] USA
[B] New Zealand
[C] Israel
[D] UAE
Answer: New Zealand
Scientists at Plant and Food Research in New Zealand are pioneering efforts to grow fruit tissue in
laboratories to address growing food security concerns arising from climate change. This program aims
to produce fruit tissue from plant cells that closely resemble real fruit in terms of taste, smell, and
texture.
87. One Week One Lab programme is organised by which institution in India?
[A] CSIR
[B] ISRO
[C] DRDO
[D] BARC
Answer: CSIR
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) is conducting a One Week One Lab programme
from the 11th to the 16th of September 2023. During the event, the 37 CSIR laboratories across the
country will portray their research outcomes and achievements. The event would be open to the public
and they can witness CSIR’s academic and research initiatives. The programme will also include
lectures, workshops, puppet shows etc.
88. Durand Cup is associated with which sport?
[A] Cricket
[B] Basketball
[C] Football
[D] Hockey
Answer: Football
The Durand Cup is associated with Football. Recently, Mohun Bagan clinched the Durand Cup 2023
trophy beating East Bengal at Kolkata. This is the 132nd Durand Cup tournament and Mohun Bagan
team has won the trophy after 23 years. With this victory, Mohun Bagan SG became the first team in the
history of Durand Cup to win 17 titles.
89. The Indian Army and Indian Air Force conducted a joint training exercise named?
[A] Shravan
[B] Nabh Shakti
[C] Strike Shakti
[D] Brahmastra
Answer: Nabh Shakti
The Indian Army's elite Brahmastra Corps in the Northeastern states recently conducted a joint training
exercise called 'Nabh Shakti,' with participation from both the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force. The
Brahmastra Corps, also known as the 17 Mountain Strike Corps, has been established to carry out strike
operations in enemy territory during conflicts in the eastern regions of India.
90. India has decided to settle WTO Poultry Dispute with which country?
[A] Japan
[B] USA
[C] China
[D] Pakistan
Answer: USA
India and the United States of America have reached an agreement to settle their longstanding World
Trade Organisation (WTO) poultry dispute. This resolution was announced in a joint statement following
a meeting between Indian Prime Minister and US President. As part of the settlement, India will reduce
tariffs on various American products, including frozen turkey, frozen duck, fresh, frozen, dried, and
processed blueberries and cranberries.
91. A report by which institution has stated that the window to reach climate goals is ‘rapidly
closing’?
[A] UN
[B] WHO
[C] IMF
[D] FAO
Answer: UN
A new report from the United Nations has emphasized the urgency of addressing climate change, stating
that the window of opportunity to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-
industrial levels is rapidly closing. The report, part of the Global Stock take (GST) mandated by the Paris
Agreement, highlights that while some progress has been made, countries are far from achieving the
necessary targets to meet this goal.
92. Scientists of which country has recently grown human kidneys inside pig embryos?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] China
[D] Japan
Answer: China
In a first of its kind, Chinese scientists at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institutes of
Biomedicine and Health have successfully grown human kidneys inside pig embryos. This has presented
a potential solution to the shortage of transplant organs. This groundbreaking achievement involved
inserting human stem cells into pig embryos, resulting in kidneys containing 50 to 60 percent human
cells.
93. 'Medal of the City of Paris' has been revoked from whom?
[A] Mahmoud Abbas
[B] Michael Jackson
[C] Rafael Nadal
[D] Hocine Ziani
Answer: Mahmoud Abbas
Paris Mayor has recently revoked the prestigious Medal of the City of Paris awarded to Palestinian
Authority President Mahmoud Abbas in 2015, due to his recent comments denying the Holocaust's
historical truth. In an open letter, Paris Mayor has expressed strong condemnation for Abbas' remarks
and emphasized that they were contrary to our universal values and the historical truth of the Holocaust.
94. Which country is developing AI-Powered Ghost Sharks submarines?
[A] China
[B] USA
[C] Australia
[D] Russia
Answer: Australia
The Australian Navy is rapidly developing AI-powered unmanned submarines called "Ghost Sharks," with
a per-unit cost of just over AUD$23 million. These AI-powered subs will be delivered by mid-2025,
offering a cost-effective and swift solution to enhance naval capabilities. Alongside, the country is also
s investing in a costly and slow project to acquire up to 13 nuclear-powered attack submarines, with
each sub estimated to cost over AUD$28 billion ($18 billion).
95. 'DEEP VZN' is a research initiative of which country?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Austria
[D] Germany
Answer: USA
The USA has abruptly terminated funding for its DEEP VZN program, which is a research initiative
designed to discover and study thousands of exotic pathogens worldwide. The program aimed to collect
over half a million samples from across the globe and analyze around 12,000 viruses found within these
samples. This decision comes as the U.S. government reevaluated the relative risks and impacts of the
research program.
96. Which state has approved Rs 256.46 Crore for Chambal River Bridge and Road Construction
Projects?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: Rajasthan
The State of Rajasthan has approved to allocate Rs 256.46 crore for the construction of a high-level
bridge over the Chambal River in Kota district. The earlier budget allocation was Rs 165 crore for the
project. The bridge, set to be built promises to provide a shorter travel route and enhanced convenience
for the people.
97. Which Indian city is set to launch an innovative disease surveillance dashboard?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Chennai
[C] Bengaluru
[D] New Delhi
Answer: Bengaluru
Bengaluru, India's tech capital, is set to launch an innovative disease surveillance dashboard in
collaboration with the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike
(BBMP), and the Health and Family Welfare Department. This dashboard can predict disease outbreaks
up to four weeks in advance with an impressive accuracy rate of 70%. Unlike previous models, this
system forecasts a range of communicable diseases, including vector-borne illnesses like dengue,
chikungunya, and malaria.
98. 'Air Quality and Climate Bulletin' is released by which organisation?
[A] WMO
[B] IMF
[C] UNFCCC
[D] IMO
Answer: WMO
“Air Quality and Climate Bulletin” - a report by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) highlights
the link between climate change, heatwaves, wildfires, and rising air pollution, including ozone. The
report states that climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, which, in turn,
raise the risk and severity of wildfires. The report cites examples from the European summer of 2022,
which experienced record-breaking heatwaves resulting in increased concentrations of ozone and
particulate matter.
99. What is the name an enormous cosmic bubble packed with galaxies, recently discovered by
Astronomers?
[A] Bubble of galaxies
[B] Great Bearing
[C] Great Dipper
[D] Cosmos Interference
Answer: Bubble of galaxies
Astronomers recently discovered “Bubble of galaxies” an enormous cosmic bubble packed with galaxies
that stretches nearly 1 billion light-years across and located within our galactic neighborhood. It is
estimated to be located just 820 million light years from our galaxy. Within this vast bubble, called
"Ho'oleilana," lies the Bootes supercluster of galaxies, surrounded by an expansive void known as "the
Great Nothing."
100. Which bloc leaders declared to create the 'Working Group on Empowerment of Women'?
[A] ASEAN
[B] BIMSTEC
[C] G-20
[D] G-7
Answer: G-20
The G20 New Delhi Leaders' Declaration has underscored the importance of women's empowerment,
with a particular focus on bridging the digital gender divide. The declaration announced the creation of a
new 'Working Group on Empowerment of Women' to support the G20 Women's Ministerial, with its first
meeting scheduled during Brazil's G20 presidency. The declaration also calls for regulatory policy
frameworks that enable women and girls to actively participate in national digital strategies.
101. What is the expansion of GBA, launched as a part of G-20 summit?
[A] Geo Biofuels Alliance
[B] Global Biofuels Alliance
[C] G-20 Biofuels Alliance
[D] Great Biofuels Alliance
Answer: Global Biofuels Alliance
The Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) was officially launched on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in New
Delhi by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The GBA aims to promote international cooperation and the use
of sustainable biofuels, as well as facilitate global biofuels trade and provide technical support for
national biofuel programs. The alliance was initiated by nine countries, including India, the US, Brazil,
Argentina, Bangladesh, Italy, Mauritius, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates, with Canada and
Singapore as observer countries.
102. The 'G20 Leaders Declaration' highlighted the importance of which Roadmap for Tourism as a
means to achieve SDGs?
[A] Goa Roadmap for Tourism
[B] Kashmir Roadmap for Tourism
[C] Uttarakhand Roadmap for Tourism
[D] Kerala Roadmap for Tourism
Answer: Goa Roadmap for Tourism
The G20 Leaders' Summit endorsed pivotal role of tourism and culture in sustainable socio-economic
development and prosperity. The 'G20 Leaders Declaration' highlighted the importance of the 'Goa
Roadmap for Tourism' as a means to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It focusses on key
priorities such as Green Tourism, Digitalization, Skills, Tourism MSMEs, and Destination Management.
103. Which state released special postal covers in tribute to ‘Alluri Sitarama Raju’?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Kerala
[D] Telangana
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh Governor S Abdul Nazeer has unveiled six special postal covers in tribute to Alluri
Sitarama Raju. These commemorative postal covers mark the centenary of the Chilli Post, issued by the
Department of Posts as part of the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav celebrations. Alluri Sitarama Raju’s unique
method of sending advance messages to officials, using arrows with attached messages and chili
peppers, became known as the "CHILLI POST." The Rampa Rebellion, initiated by Alluri in 1922 with
tribal support, continued until 1927 when Alluri martyred himself.
104. Vishwakarma Yojana will be launched in how many Indian cities?
[A] 10
[B] 15
[C] 20
[D] 70
Answer: 70
The Government of India is set to launch Vishwakarma Yojana at 70 locations across India on
September 17, coinciding with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's birthday. The scheme was announced
during the Prime Minister’s Independence Day speech and is aimed at benefiting skilled individuals in
traditional craftsmanship. Over the next five years, the program will allocate an expenditure of 13,000
crores.
105. Where was the Heads of Asian Coast Guard Agencies Meeting held?
[A] Turkey
[B] India
[C] Japan
[D] Indonesia
Answer: Turkey
The Heads of Asian Coast Guard Agencies Meeting (HACGAM) was recently held in Turkey from
September 5-9. The meeting addressed significant topics including maritime law enforcement, safety at
sea, marine environment protection, and the prevention of illicit activities like drug trafficking, weapons
smuggling, and human trafficking at sea. India's delegation was led by DG Rakesh Pal, Director General
of the Indian Coast Guard.
106. National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) project was launched at which state's assembly?
[A] Kerala
[B] Gujarat
[C] Punjab
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Gujarat
The President of India Droupadi Murmu has inaugurated the National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA)
project at the Gujarat Assembly. This initiative aims to make legislative proceedings paperless and more
efficient. The project was launched on the opening day of the four-day monsoon session of the State
Assembly. The National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) project makes Gujarat Assembly’s proceedings
fully digital.
107. Indian Airforce has received First C-295 Transport Plane from which company?
[A] Airbus
[B] Boeing
[C] Dassault Aviation
[D] HAL
Answer: Airbus
The Air Chief Marshal VR Chaudhari, Chief of the Indian Air Force, has received the first C-295 transport
plane for India from global aircraft manufacturer Airbus at a facility in Seville, Spain. India has
contracted 56 of these planes, with 16 being manufactured in Spain and the remaining 40 produced by a
Tata-Airbus joint venture in Vadodara, Gujarat.
108. Which state is set to release a dictionary for its regional dialects?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Assam
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
The Uttar Pradesh State Institute of Education (SIE) has come up with a first-of-its-kind dialects
dictionary containing 76,000 words in regional dialects/languages of the State like Bhojpuri, Awadhi,
Braj and Bundelkhandi. This initiative aims to conserve regional dialects of the State and also aims to
remove linguistic barriers across various parts of the state.
109. Varuna is the bilateral exercise between the navies of which countries?
[A] India and France
[B] India and Sri Lanka
[C] India and Australia
[D] India and USA
Answer: India and France
Phase 2 of the 21st edition of Varuna bilateral exercise between Indian and French Navy was conducted
in the Arabian Sea. The exercise witnessed participation of guided missile frigates, tanker, Maritime
Patrol Aircraft and integral helicopters from the two sides. The first phase of 'Varuna-2023' was
conducted off India's Western Seaboard.
110. Which city is the host of the ‘First Global Symposium on Farmers' Rights’?
[A] Mumbai
[B] New Delhi
[C] Varanasi
[D] Amritsar
Answer: New Delhi
The President of India Droupadi Murmu inaugurated the inaugural 'Global Symposium on Farmers'
Rights' (GSFR) at the ICAR Convention Centre in New Delhi. This event is organized by the Secretariat of
the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (International Treaty), in
collaboration with various Indian agricultural bodies. Notably, India was the first country to include
Farmers' Rights in its Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights (PPVFR) Act in 2001.
111. India recently organised the meeting of Strategic Partnership Council (SPC) formed with which
country?
[A] Brazil
[B] Argentina
[C] Egypt
[D] Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a
landmark summit, marking the first meeting of the India-Saudi Arabia Strategic Partnership Council
(SPC), which was established in 2019. The council consists of two main pillars: the Committee on
Political, Security, Social, and Cultural Cooperation, and the Committee on Economy and Investments,
each with several levels of engagement. The two nations agreed to expedite the USD 50-billion West
Coast refinery project.
112. India signed a MoU with which country on energy co-operation recently?
[A] UAE
[B] Saudi Arabia

[C] Malaysia
[D] Afghanistan
India and Saudi Arabia have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on energy cooperation in
New Delhi. The MoU encompasses various areas of collaboration, including renewable energy, energy
efficiency, hydrogen, electricity, grid interconnection, petroleum, natural gas, strategic petroleum
reserves, and energy security.
113. USA has announced Prisoner Exchange and Fund Transfer with which country?
[A] UAE
[B] Iran
[C] Israel
[D] Saudi Arabia
Answer: Iran
The Joe Biden administration has taken steps to secure the release of five American citizens detained in
Iran by issuing waivers allowing international banks to transfer USD 6 billion in frozen Iranian funds from
South Korea to Qatar without fear of American sanctions. In exchange, the U.S. has agreed to release
five Iranian citizens held in the United States. This move marks a significant development in diplomatic
relations between the U.S. and Iran.
114. When was the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) founded?
[A] 1972
[B] 1982
[C] 1992
[D] 2002
Answer: 1982
The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) will hear a groundbreaking case brought by
nine small island states seeking to protect the world's oceans from the devastating impacts of climate
change. It was founded in 1982 in Jamaica. These nations have turned to ITLOS to determine whether
carbon dioxide emissions absorbed by the oceans can be considered pollution and, if so, what
obligations countries have to prevent it. Ocean ecosystems play a vital role in oxygen production and
carbon absorption, but increasing emissions can harm marine life by warming and acidifying seawaters.
115. India launched ‘Infrastructure Financing Bridge’ along with which country?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] Australia
[D] New Zealand
Answer: UK
India and the UK have announced the launch of an infrastructure financing bridge to facilitate major
infrastructure projects, as revealed by India's Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman. The two nations
have also agreed to conduct investment negotiations concurrently with goods negotiations as part of
their free trade agreement (FTA) discussions.
116. Which country proposed to launch ‘G-20 Satellite Mission for Environment and Climate
Observation’?
[A] India
[B] Australia
[C] USA
[D] Japan
Answer: India
India proposed to launch a G-20 Satellite Mission for Environment and Climate Observation, with an aim
to help the countries of the Global South. Prime Minister Modi said the G-20 satellite mission would be
beneficial for all of humanity just as the data obtained from India's successful Chandrayaan moon
mission.
117. Drought Early Warning System (DEWS), is a real-time drought-monitoring platform, operated
by?
[A] NIOT
[B] IIT Gandhinagar
[C] IIT Madras
[D] DRDO
Answer: IIT Gandhinagar
In the first week of September 2023, approximately 30% of India's land area experienced varying degrees
of drought, posing significant challenges for farmers and food security. Among the affected areas,
11.5% suffered from severe, extreme, or exceptional drought conditions, while 18.9% faced abnormal to
moderate drought conditions. This information is sourced from the Drought Early Warning System
(DEWS), a real-time drought-monitoring platform operated by IIT Gandhinagar’s Water and Climate Lab.
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Contents
......................... ........ ....... _ .. .. . ........................................................
News Headlines ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
September 16, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
September 17, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
September 18, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 4
September 19, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 5
September 20, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 6
September 21, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 6
September 22, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 7
September 23, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 8
September 24, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 8
September 25, 2023 ..................................................................................................................................... 9
September 26, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 10
September 27, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 11
September 28, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 12
September 29, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 12
September 30, 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 13

September 16, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Unified Portal for Agricultural Statistics (UPAg) .................................................................................. 14
YashoBhoomi Convention Center ............................................................................................................ 15
IRS Officer Rahul Navin Appointed Acting Director of Enforcement Directorate ....................... 16
India Approves Rs 45,000 Crore Defense Procurement Proposals ................................................ 16
Ig Nobel Prize 2023 ................................................................................................................................... 17
Nobel Prize Winners to Receive Increased Financial Reward ............................................................ 18
Earth's High-Energy Electrons May Contribute to Moon's Water Formation ............................... 19
UNESCO Lists Kyiv and Lviv World Heritage Sites as 'In Danger' Due to Russian Conflict
................................................................................................................................................................. 20
ILO Reports Sluggish Progress Towards SDG 8 ................................................................................. 21
Himachal Pradesh Agriculture Department Launches 'Mobile Van Program' to Promote Natural
Farming .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Odisha Government’s LAccMI Scheme ................................................................................................. 22
September 18, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 23
ICMR Releases National List of Essential Assistive Products ............................................................. 23
Santiniketan: UNESCO World Heritage Recognition ......................................................................... 24
West Nile Virus Cases in Multiple US States ......................................................................................... 25
London’s India Club ................................................................................................................................... 25
UK Bans American Bully XL Dogs After Fatal Attacks ..................................................................... 26
TB-Mukt Express ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Lessons from Russia-Ukraine War Shape India's Artillery Doctrine ............................................... 28
ICGS Samudra Prahari's ASEAN Deployment for Marine Pollution Response ............................ 29
Indian Navy's INS Nireekshak Conducts Joint Dive Training in Sri Lanka ................................... 30
PayPal Challenges Indian Court's Ruling on "Payment System Operator" Status ........................ 30
US Court Declares DACA Illegal ............................................................................................................. 31
Mukhya Mantri Shramik Kalyan Yojana ................................................................................................ 32
September 19, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 33
UNESCO Recognizes Karnataka's Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas as World Heritage ................ 33
Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Sets World Record at Auction .............................................. 34
European Parliament Approves Critical Raw Materials Act .............................................................. 34
Airports Authority of India Enhances Flight Calibration Fleet with B-360 Aircraft .................... 35
Inauguration of 'Udaan Bhawan' ............................................................................................................. 36
India Unveils 'People's G20' eBook on Its G20 Presidency .............................................................. 37
'Swavlamban 2023' Seminar .................................................................................................................... 37
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ................................................................................................................ 38
Indian Army Inducts 600 Indigenously-Manufactured 'Vibhav' Anti-Tank Mines ..................... 38
Inspiration Behind Old Parliament Architecture .................................................................................. 39
Dedicated Coal Corridors Needed to Meet India's Growing Power Demand, Says Railway Board
Study ..................................................................................................................................................... 40
UP Government Plans to Develop Aerotropolis Around Noida International Airport ............... 40
Special Parliamentary Session ................................................................................................................... 41
September 20, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 41
Indian Government Launches Agri-Credit and Crop Insurance Initiatives .................................... 41
Constitutional Amendment Bill Introduced to Reserve Seats for Women in Parliament and
Assemblies ............................................................................................................................................ 42
IRDAI To Unveil Bima Sugam ................................................................................................................ 43

Google DeepMind's AlphaMissense ....................................................................................................... 44
Human Activities Drive Extinction of Entire Genera, Threatening the 'Tree of Life' .................. 45
TRAI Recommends Overhaul of Entry Fees and Bank Guarantees in Indian Telecom Sector
................................................................................................................................................................. 45
General SF Rodrigues Memorial Lecture .............................................................................................. 46
Study Links Chemical Exposures to Increased Cancer Odds in Women ....................................... 47
40% Increase in Elephant Corridors Across India .............................................................................. 48
Summer 2023 Marks Hottest on Record ............................................................................................. 49
Over 10% of Japan's Population Now Aged 80 or Older ................................................................. 49
Old Parliament Building Renamed 'Samvidhan Sadan' ...................................................................... 50
Parliament House of India ......................................................................................................................... 51
Trans-Lagrangean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) Manoeuvre ..................................................................... 51
September 21, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................... 52
Rwanda – A Country with 61 per cent Women Parliamentarians ................................................... 52
SC Refers 1998 P V Narasimha Rao Case to 7-Judge Bench for Reconsideration ...................... 53
Mukhyamantrir Atmanirbharshil Asom Abhiyan ................................................................................ 54
Railway Board Increases Ex-Gratia Payments for Train Accident Victims .................................... 54
GSTN Enables Geocoding Across All Indian States and Union Territories .................................. 55
State of Working India 2023 .................................................................................................................... 55
“Embracing a One Health Framework to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance” Report ..................... 56
Over 1,200 Children Died in Sudan's Refugee Camps ...................................................................... 57
Stalling of Progress Toward UN's Education for All Goal ................................................................ 58
COVID-19 Pandemic Causes $2.6 Trillion Loss in Tourism Revenues .......................................... 58
Agumbe Loses Rainfall Crown to Other Karnataka Towns ............................................................. 59
September 22, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 60
GCES Web Portal and Mobile App ........................................................................................................ 60
ZSI Scientists Discover Pterygotrigla intermedica ................................................................................ 61
Indian Visa Services Suspended in Canada ............................................................................................ 61
TRAI Releases Recommendations on Low Power Small Range FM Radio Broadcasting .......... 62
Mandatory Disclosure of Weekly Sugar Stocks ................................................................................... 63
Samudra Prahari’s Visit to Thailand ....................................................................................................... 63
EC: Aadhaar Number Not Mandatory for Linking with Electoral Roll .......................................... 64
Fourth 'Nadi Utsav' .................................................................................................................................... 65
Ministry of Agriculture Launches AI Chatbot for PM-KISAN Scheme ......................................... 66
State of the Rhino Report ......................................................................................................................... 66
Delay in Airworthiness Certification for HTT-40 Basic Trainer Aircraft ..................................... 67
Political Declaration on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response ................................ 68
Study Links High PM2.5 Pollution Levels to Increased Breast Cancer Risk ................................. 69
Germany Contributes €40 Million to Global Biodiversity Framework Fund ............................... 70
UHC Progress Stagnates, Financial Protection Worsens: Report ...................................................... 71
New Marine Tardigrade Species in Indian Waters ............................................................................. 72
Dr. Swati Nayak Receives Prestigious Borlaug Award for Advancing Rice Seed Systems ........ 73
RBI Proposes Transparent Mechanism for Declaring Wilful Defaulters ........................................ 74
Sebi Enhances Transparency in Listing Rules for Non-Convertible Debt Securities ................... 75
Meghalaya Launches CM Elevate Program .......................................................................................... 76
September 23, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 77
International Lawyers’ Conference 2023 .............................................................................................. 77

Maiden India-Indonesia-Australia Trilateral Maritime Exercise and SIMBEX .............................. 78
AMC’s Swachhata Train initiative .......................................................................................................... 79
India’s First Lighthouse Festival ............................................................................................................... 79
Haryana State Action Plan for Management of Paddy Stubble Burning ....................................... 80
The 108-ft Adi Shankaracharya Statue Unveiled in Madhya Pradesh ............................................. 81
Varanasi International Cricket Stadium ................................................................................................. 82
China's Dominance in Low-Carbon Hydrogen Production .............................................................. 83
September 25, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 84
Upgradation at Tezu Airport ................................................................................................................... 84
India Wins Medals in Rowing at 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games ..................................................... 85
Goa State Shack Policy 2023-2026 ....................................................................................................... 86
ASEAN Defence Meeting Plus Counter-Terrorism Exercise ............................................................ 87
Rediscovery of Ilex sapiiformis ................................................................................................................ 88
India-UN Capacity Building Initiative ..................................................................................................... 88
Arogya Manthan 2023 .............................................................................................................................. 89
India Achieves 75% ODF Plus Villages Milestone Under Swachh Bharat Mission ..................... 90
India Smart Cities Conclave 2023 ........................................................................................................... 91
Tigist Assefa Shatters Women's Marathon World Record in Berlin ............................................... 92
World’s Oldest Wooden Structure .......................................................................................................... 93
India's First Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus ......................................................................................... 94
Role of the Five Eyes Alliance in the India-Canada Issue .................................................................. 94
105th Anniversary of Battle of Haifa ...................................................................................................... 95
Fourth Gender Samvaad ........................................................................................................................... 97
September 26, 2023 .......................................................................................................................................... 98
359th Report on the Functioning of Archaeological Survey of India ............................................. 98
National Policy on Research and Development and Innovation in Pharma-MedTech Sector
................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Writers Guild of America’s Tentative Deal with Top Entertainment Companies ...................... 100
Moody’s Investors Service Raises Red Flags Against Aadhaar ........................................................ 101
Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Rules, 2023 ......................................................... 102
Amit Khare’s Tenure as PM’s Adviser Extended ............................................................................... 102
IAF's First C-295 Tactical Transport Aircraft .................................................................................... 103
Unified Registration Portal for GOBARdhan - Current Updates (September, 2023) ............... 104
Khamree Mo Sikkim! ............................................................................................................................... 105
Phase II of the ‘Amazon Future Engineer Programme’ .................................................................... 105
Unprecedented Heatwave Grips Eastern Antarctica ......................................................................... 106
Megamonodontium mccluskyi: Australia's Prehistoric Giant Spider ............................................ 107
Bharat Drone Shakti exhibition 2023 .................................................................................................. 108
September 27, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 108
Shi Yan 6 to Visit Sri Lanka ................................................................................................................... 108
Mukhyamantri Gramin Awas NYAY Yojana ...................................................................................... 109
What is ciTRAN? ....................................................................................................................................... 110
Punjab’s Action Plan to Curb Paddy Straw Burning ........................................................................... 111
Edouard Manet's "Olympia" Makes Debut in the United States ..................................................... 112
September 28, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 113
Kongthong Village Receives "Best Tourism Village 2023" Award ................................................. 113
Smart Cities Mission, India: Localising Sustainable Development Goals ....................................... 113
Government Statistics on Tribal Land Claims ..................................................................................... 114
India Ageing Report 2023 ....................................................................................................................... 115
Gender Inequality's Impact on Women and Cancer: A Lancet Commission Report ................. 116
FAO Report on Methane Emissions in Livestock and Rice Systems .............................................. 118
Mercy Corps Report Warns of Potential Worsening of Food Insecurity in Middle East and North
Africa .................................................................................................................................................... 119
Draft Telecommunication Mobile Number Portability (Ninth Amendment) Regulations, 2023
................................................................................................................................................................. 121
Tripura Launches E-Cabinet System ..................................................................................................... 121
Nasa Astronaut Frank Rubio Returns After Record-Breaking 371 Days in Space ..................... 122
Displacement Dilemma: Challenges Faced by Refugees in Camps and Cities ............................. 123
Rat lungworm Infection in the US ........................................................................................................ 124
September 29, 2023 ......................................................................................................................................... 125
Global Innovation Index 2023 ................................................................................................................ 125
CRIIIO 4 GOOD Modules ...................................................................................................................... 126
Government Action Against Exotic Invasive Plant Species .............................................................. 127
Unique Code 'DXN' Awarded to Noida International Airport ....................................................... 128
Sankalp Saptaah ........................................................................................................................................ 129
Uttar Pradesh Achieves 100% ODF Plus Coverage .......................................................................... 129
Vulcan 20-20 Project ................................................................................................................................ 131
CERN Experiment Reveals Antimatter's Response to Gravity .......................................................... 131
Key Amendments to Cable Television Network Rules, 1994 ......................................................... 132
Iran Launches Noor 3 Military Satellite ................................................................................................ 133
Indian Startups Unite to Challenge Google Play Billing System ..................................................... 134
New Earthquake Threat Discovered in Pacific Northwest .............................................................. 134
NASA's $1 Billion Plan to Retire the ISS .............................................................................................. 135
Swiss Glaciers Lose 10% Volume in Two Years ................................................................................ 136
Fuzhou-Xiamen-Zhangzhou Railway Line .......................................................................................... 137
Assam Promotes Pipe Composting ....................................................................................................... 138
September 30, 2023 ........................................................................................................................................ 139
IGMS 2.0 Public Grievance Portal ........................................................................................................ 139
M S Swaminathan Passes Away ............................................................................................................ 140
TRAI Consultation Paper on “Digital Transformation through 5G Ecosystem” ....................... 140
SC Maintains Status Quo on Archaka Appointments in TN Temples .......................................... 141
120 MCQs .......................................................................................................................................................... 143
News Headlines
September 16, 2023
INDIA
One more person tested positive for Nipah infection in Kerala, taking the total
number of infected persons to six.
Chief Minister M.K. Stalin launched the Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thogai Thittam, the
basic income scheme for women.
Manipur approves compensation plan for women victims and survivors of sexual
assault and other crimes.
Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) gives nod to buy 12 Su-30 jets, other military
equipment.
Telangana to launch free breakfast scheme in schools for students of Classes 1 to 10.
The fourth Earth-bound manoeuvre of the Aditya-L1, India’s first solar observatory
mission, was performed successfully.

Sangeet Natak Akademi announced special one-time awards, commemorating 75
years of Independence, to 84 artists who are above the age of 75.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s foreign trade hit a fresh trough in August at $24.16 billion, with goods exports
shrinking for the seventh successive month.
Finance Ministry notified the constitution of 31 Appellate Tribunals across 28 States
and eight UTs for the Goods and Services Tax (GST).
IRS officer Rahul Navin was appointed in-charge Director of the Enforcement
Directorate (ED).
WORLD
India has reached out to Australia seeking to restock monoclonal antibody doses to
combat the Nipah virus.
Burkina Faso’s military junta has ordered the French Embassy’s defence attache to
leave the country
U.S. Commission for International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) to hold hearing on
religious freedom in India on September 20.
U.S. auto workers’ union launched a targeted strike at three factories .
SPORTS
Tata Steel Chess: G. Teswaini claimed the championship in the classical event, before
Bommini Mounika Akshaya won the blitz title.
Riya Sachdeva won a double crown in the Asian under-16 tennis championship.
Indian Oil was roped in as title sponsor for MotoGP Bharat.
September 17, 2023

INDIA
The current Nipah outbreak in Kerala seems to be under control and there are few
chances of a second wave of the infection: Kerala.
Centre for Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources (PAGR) discovers three
viruses that can harm ornamental fish industry.
Kuno cheetahs will be released into the wild in winter with collars on.
Centre releases disability data without Socio-Economic categories citing issues with
data ‘quality’.
Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to expand its network of BSL-3, BSL-4
laboratories.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Karnataka state government approves 91 investment projects worth ₹7,660 crores.
IT solutions provider Redington would offer the latest range of iPhone and Apple
Watch series across the country.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) seeks ideas to cut delays and aid
recovery.
WORLD
Kim Jong-un inspects key weapons along with Russian defence chief.
Shipments of international aid began to arrive in flood-hit Libya.
SPORTS
India and Sri Lanka to battle in the Asia Cup 2023 Final.
All India Football Federation (AIFF) announces its final squad for the Asian Games,
set to be played in Hangzhou, China.
The Hangzhou Asian Games Village was inaugurated at Hangzhou, China.
September 18, 2023
INDIA
The first day of the Special Session will be held in the old Parliament building , with
MPs moving to the new building on the second day.
Centre plans to recall Rapid Action Force (RAF) from Manipur ;RAF was raised in 1992
to deal with riots.
Santiniketan, a town established by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, made it to
the UNESCO’s World Heritage List.
The fourth and final meeting of the G-20 Framework Working Group (FWG) under
India’s G-20 Presidency will be held in Chhattisgarh’s capital Raipur.
The Assam government mobilised public support to attempt nine world records
during a drive to increase the State’s green cover.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Finance Ministry has invited applications for the post of whole-time member
(distribution) at IRDAI.
Ministry of Finance approves welfare measures for LIC agents and employees.
IREDA signs MoUs with Bank of Maharashtra for Financing Renewable Energy
Projects
WORLD
European Commission President promises a plan of action as migrants flock to
Italian island of Lampedusa.
Taiwan detects 28 Chinese warplanes around island.
SPORTS
Asia Cup: India defeats Sri Lanka by 10 wickets in the final of the Asia Cup to lift the
title after a gap of five years; Mohammed Siraj takes a six-wicket haul.
Olympic and world champion javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra finished second in the
Diamond League final.
Carlos Sainz led from start to finish to win a dramatic Singapore Grand Prix.
Olympian Elavenil Valarivan clinches women’s air rifle final in the World Cup in Rio.
September 19, 2023
INDIA
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), inked 3 MoUs, and laid foundation
stone of ‘Modern Khadi of New India’.
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare launched e Kisan Rin Portal (KRP), KCC
Ghar Ghar Abhiyaan, and a manual on Weather Information Network Data Systems
(WINDS).
National Workshop on e-NAM 2.0 and Agri Marketing Reforms was organised.
Bureau of Indian Standards establishes 6467 Standard Clubs for students across
nation.
The Union Cabinet cleared the women’s reservation Bill in its meeting.
NHAI arm to develop logistics park in Bengaluru at Rs 1,770 crore..
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
TRAI releases recommendations on “Rationalization of Entry Fee and Bank
Guarantees”.
India’s net direct tax collection up 23% at Rs 8.65 trillion till September 16.
Reserve Bank of India net-purchased $3.5 billion foreign currency in July.
WORLD
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau accused India of orchestrating the killing of
a prominent Sikh leader outside a temple in British Columbia in June.
Indian Sellers Collective, an Industry body seeks investigation on WHO’s processed
food report.
Amazon develops version of cashier-less technology for clothing stores.
Google brings its AI chatbot Bard into Gmail and YouTube.
Southeast Asia hold first joint navy drills near disputed South China Sea.
SPORTS
Anurag Singh Thakur felicitates players under Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay National
Welfare Fund for Sportspersons (PDUNWFS).

September 20, 2023
INDIA
India rejected the Canadian allegation of involvement by the Government of India in
the killing of a prominent Khalistani separatist leader.
No mutations found in tested Nipah samples; ICMR-NIV conducted genome
sequencing of the virus present in patients infected in 2023 and fruit-eating bats.
Indian Government tables women’s quota Bill in Lok Sabha.
President of India inaugurated Annual General Meeting and Biennial Conference of
the Asia Pacific Forum on Human Rights in New Delhi.
National Medical Commission Achieves Prestigious World Federation for Medical
Education (WFME) Recognition Status for 10 Years.
PM Modi invites US President to India’s 2024 Republic Day celebrations.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Reliance Jio Infocomm (Jio) launches JioAirFiber, a high-speed wireless broadband

service, across 8 metro cities in India.
Biotech firm Biocon appoints Peter Bains as Group CEO.
WORLD
The Hoysala temples at Belur, Halebid, and Somanathapur in Karnataka were
declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
World Health Organization (WHO) released its first-ever report on the global impact
of high blood pressure.
France and Germany pushed new proposals for the enlargement of European Union.
Azerbaijan launched a military operation against the breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh
region.
SPORTS
Antim Panghal loses in semifinals of the World Wrestling Championships.
Asian Games 2023: Japan beats Qatar to launch bid for football gold.
September 21, 2023
INDIA
Lok Sabha passes historic women’s reservation Bill, 27 years after a Women’s
Reservation Bill was first introduced in Parliament.
India issued a travel advisory for all Indian nationals in Canada, including students,
urging them to register with Indian missions.
U.K. universities to collaborate with Tamil Nadu State institutions two-way student
mobility, capacity building, research and transnational education.
Windergy India 2023 Summit to commence in Chennai, as part of Indo-Danish
Energy partnership.
Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) nods to conduct Truenat test to detect
Nipah.
Words “socialist” and “secular” were missing from the Preamble to the copies of the
Constitution handed out to MPs.
NEET-PG 2023 cut-off has been reduced to ‘zero’ percentile: Union Health Ministry.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
ADB lowers India GDP growth outlook for this fiscal to 6.3%.
Mumbai-based budget airline Akasa Air has received the government’s nod to fly
global routes.
WhatsApp is set to add rival in-app payment options in India.
WORLD
Türkiye raises concern over Kashmir issue during 78th session of the UN General
Assembly session.
British Prime Minister delays ban on new petrol and diesel cars by 5 years.
Iran MPs passed dress code Bill mandating tougher penalties for women.
SPORTS
Cricket: Mohammed Siraj reclaims top spot among ODI bowlers.

Harmanpreet, Lovlina to be flag-bearers at Asian Games opening ceremony.
New York, Dallas, and Florida to host T20 Cricket World Cup matches in 2024.
September 22, 2023

INDIA
The Rajya Sabha passed the women’s reservation Bill unanimously.
India suspends visa services in Canada until further notice.
The Supreme Court refused to interfere with the Cauvery Water Management
Authority’s (CWMA) direction to Karnataka to release water to Tamil Nadu.
Information and Broadcasting Ministry advised TV channels against giving platform
to persons facing charges of serious crimes.
The Union Ministry of Railways has revised the amount of ex gratia relief to be
payable in case of death to the dependents by up to 10 times.
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is looking to wake up the
Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Finance Ministry attributes decline in savings rate to increase in borrowings to buy
real estates.
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) outlines National Broadcasting Policy.
WORLD
China, U.S. and India were absent at U.N.’s Climate Ambition Summit (CAS) in New
York.
Ukrainian President Volodmyr Zelenskyy won a promise of new air defence weapons
from the United States.
U.S. offers temporary work permits to nearly 500,000 Venezuelans.

Syrian President arrives in China on first visit since beginning of war.
SPORTS
Wrestling: India’s Antim Panghal wins bronze medal at World Championships in
Serbia.
India’s Under 19 football team starts SAFF Championship with a 3-0 victory over
Bangladesh.
September 23, 2023

INDIA
Tamil Nadu Public Health Act has been invoked for dengue control.
IIT-Madras develops portable device to determine quality of water and soil.
A biodiversity knowledge centre named Neelakkurinji was opened at Adimaly, the
entry point of the Munnar hill station in Kerala.
Karnataka to release Cauvery water till September 26 complying with CWRC order.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced that it has not received
any signals from Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.
Nine new Vande Bharat train routes will be flagged off by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the ‘International Lawyers’ Conference
2023’ at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
State Bank of India (SBI) raised ₹10,000 crore at a coupon rate of 7.49% through the
issue of infrastructure bonds.
Micron Technology Inc. will break ground for its USD 2.75 billion semiconductor plant
in Gujarat.
WORLD
Ukraine struck the headquarters of Russia’s Black Sea Fleet in a missile attack.
Syria and China announce strategic partnership ahead of Asian Games.
World Sign Language Day was observed with the theme “A World Where Deaf People
Everywhere Can Sign Anywhere!”.
SPORTS
Prime Minister lays foundation stone of International Cricket Stadium in Varanasi,
Uttar Pradesh.
Indian men’s volleyball team enters quarterfinals at the Asian Games in Hangzhou.
September 24, 2023

INDIA
Mobile Internet service was restored after 140 days of suspension in ethnic violence-
hit Manipur.
Agriculture scientist Swati Nayak became the third Indian agriculture scientist to win
the prestigious Norman E. Borlaug Award for 2023.
An online self-learning course in Indian Sign Language and a dictionary containing
10,000 ISL terms were launched on the International Day of Sign Languages.
India achieves Sanitation milestone as 75% Villages are now ODF Plus under Swachh
Bharat Mission – Grameen.
6th Edition of the ‘NeSDA – Way Forward Monthly Report for States/UTs’ were
released.
The National Health Authority (NHA) is organising ‘Arogya Manthan’ to celebrate 5
years of Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY and 2 years of Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission.
The maiden edition of ‘Bharatiya Prakash Sthamb Utsav’ or Indian Lighthouse
Festival was inaugurated in Panjim, Goa.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
PhonePe announced the launch of Indus Appstore developer platform, as a Made-in-
India app store.

I-T department asked taxpayers to respond to its intimation regarding outstanding
demands of previous years.
TATA Projects has been awarded a contract by Micron Technology to construct the
semiconductor assembly and test plant in Sanand, Gujarat.
TRAI has issued recommendations for bolstering telecom infrastructure in
Northeast.
WORLD
Over 300 leading Uighur intellectuals have been jailed since Xi Jinping came to power
in 2013: Rights Groups.
95 million Pakistanis are under poverty and Poverty in Pakistan shot up to 39.4% as
of last fiscal year says World Bank.
SPORTS
The opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games was organised at Hangzhou, China.
Afghan women arrived for the first Asian Games since the Taliban regained control
of Afghanistan.
September 25, 2023
INDIA
Parliamentary Standing Committee on Education: Multiple entry, exit option in
higher studies may not suit India.
The Defence Procurement Board (DPB) discussed the Navy’s proposal for acquiring a
second Vikrant-like aircraft carrier.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi flagged off nine Vande Bharat trains connecting
religious and tourist destinations across 11 States.
Parliamentary Standing Committee asks government to monitor activities of ESIC.
Goa government recently approved the ‘Goa State Shack Policy 2023-2026’.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Moody’s Investors Service flagged concerns about security and privacy
vulnerabilities in centralised identification systems such as India’s Aadhaar.
FPIs outflow in equities crosses Rs 10,000 crore mark in September on rising US
interest rates.
Under Centre’s Agro Processing Clusters scheme, only 2 out of 70 projects complete.
WORLD
NASA’s first asteroid samples land on earth after release from spacecraft.
China bars 3 Indian athletes from Arunachal Pradesh to travel for the ongoing Asian
Games.
The Indian and US armies will kick-start a two-week war game in Alaska.
SPORTS
Max Verstappen wins the Japanese Grand Prix; his 13th win secures team title for
Red Bull.
Lightweight Men’s Double Sculls Team wins the first medal for India, a silver at Asian
Games 2022.
Ramita, Mehuli Ghosh, and Ashi Chouksey secure Silver Medal in the 10m Air Rifle
Women’s team event at Asian Games.
September 26, 2023
INDIA
The Indian Space Research Organisation has successfully completed the engine hot
test for Gaganyaan qualification.
The Indian Railways tightens safety rules in the operation of private trains and
coaches by issuing guidelines for catering services and security checks.
Southwest monsoon begins its withdrawal; South India and central India have got
nearly 27% and 51% more rain than their usual figures.
The Indian Air Force (IAF) inducts C-295MW transport aircraft. HS-748 Avro transport
aircraft to be phased out.
The Electronics and IT Ministry rebuffs Moody’s Aadhaar report; asserted that there
had been no breaches reported.
Ministry of Tourism recognises Pembarthi and Chandlapur as best tourism villages in
Telangana.
Bihar to provide free of cost treatment to patients in state’s premier medical
institution IGIMS Patna.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Indian Banks will attract more global investment, says S&P Global.
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has asked commercial banks and NBFCs to display
information on borrowers linked to SARFAESI Act.
Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is organizing India Smart Cities
Conclave at Indore.
WORLD
Philippines removes China’s floating barrier to prevent Filipino fishing boats from
entering a lagoon in a disputed shoal in the South China Sea.
Nepal and China sign 12 agreements during Nepalese Prime Minister Prachanda’s
visit to Beijing.
South Korea is set to stage its first large-scale military parade in decade.
North Korea announced that foreigners would be allowed to enter the country.
SPORTS
Asian Games: India finished with two silvers and three bronze in rowing.
Indian women’s cricket team clinched a gold medal at the Asian Games during their
inaugural appearance.
September 27, 2023

INDIA
Union Information and Broadcasting Ministry announced that actor Waheeda
Rehman would be given Dadasaheb Phalke Lifetime Achievement Award for 2021.
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has directed manufacturers of
sweetmeats not to cook outdoors.
95% of components used in Indian rockets indigenous: ISRO Chief.
Indians eat more salt than WHO recommendation: ICMR Survey.
CWRC directs Karnataka to release 3,000 cusecs to Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu unveils tourism policy, envisaging ₹20,000-crore investments in 5 years.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The government has eased some of the provisions of the angel tax introduced in this
year’s Budget.
PFRDA is set to appoint DSP Pension Fund Managers as the 11th fund manager of
NPS.
Cipla starts delivery of critical medicines by drones in Himachal Pradesh.
NABARD issued its first rupee-denominated AAA rated social bonds, raising ₹1,040.50
crore.
WORLD
Nepal agreed to take forward ambitious cross-border connectivity projects with
China, failed to mention Global Security Initiative (GSI).
Thousands of people flee Nagorno-Karabakh region as fuel depot blast kills 20
persons.
SPORTS
Asian Games: Nepal became the first team to score more than 300 runs in a T20I
when it posted a total of 314 against Mongolia.
Leander Paes becomes first Asian man to be nominated for International Tennis Hall
of Fame
India’s Sift Kaur Samra won gold in the women’s 50m Rifle 3-P individual event at the
Asian Games, Ashi Chouksey bagged a bronze.
September 28, 2023
INDIA
Manipur government extends AFSPA in hill districts for 6 months.
Kerala to move Supreme Court against Governor over delay in Bills.
Indian authorities are exploiting the recommendations of FATF to target civil society
groups: Amnesty.
India ageing, elderly to make up 20% of population by 2050; decadal growth rate of
the elderly population of India estimated at 41% : UNFPA report.
Indian Navy to unveil ‘Swavlamban 2.0’ next week: Vice- Chief of the Naval Staff.
Bihar: World-famous Pitra Paksha Mela to begin in Gaya city.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) seeks suggestions on connectivity and

mobile porting.
Sri Lanka’s second tranche of a USD 2.9 billion bailout package from the IMF.
Indian government continues to purchase lentils from Canada for buffer stock.
WORLD
Iran says it ‘successfully’ launched military’s new imaging satellite.
Eid Milad-un-Nabi, the birthday of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad is being celebrated
today.
Dubai Unveils Comprehensive guide to Generative AI in Media at the 21st Arab
Media Forum.
Russia is seeking to rejoin the United Nations Human Rights Council.
North Korea has adopted a constitutional amendment to solidify its nuclear force
policy.
SPORTS
Asian Games: India’s Roshibina Devi Naorem clinches Silver medal in Women’s 60 kg
category in Wushu.
India’s Badminton team wins 5-0 over Brazil at Badminton World Junior
Championships.
September 29, 2023
INDIA
State Educational Achievement survey will test as many as 3.2 lakh students in 10,789
schools in Kerala.
Information and Broadcasting (I&B) Ministry notifies key changes to TV network
rules.
‘Toto Shabda Sangraha’ Dictionary is set to be released to save Toto, a Sino-Tibetan
language from extinction.

M.S. Swaminathan, legendary agricultural scientist and a architect of the country’s
‘Green Revolution,’ passed away.
Bhartiya Bhasha Utsav, a 75 day-long event to celebrate Indian languages starts in
Lucknow.
4th edition of Indo-Latin America Cultural Festival organised by ICCR begins in New
Delhi.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
India’s current account deficit (CAD) widened to USD 9.2 billion (1.1% of GDP) in the
April-June quarter.
Air India completes acquisition of its first A350 aircraft through GIFT City.
MoUs for investments worth Rs 3,000 crore in Uttarakhand were signed in UK
WORLD
Taiwan’s President launched the island’s first domestically made submarine for
testing.
Russia announced to hike its defence spending by 70% in 2024.

Oil giant Saudi Aramco announces its first global deal in LNG market.
World Heart Day is observed every year on 29th of September with the theme of ‘Use
Heart, Know Heart’.
SPORTS
Indian shooters clinched a gold medal in men’s 50m rifle three-positions team event
with a world record score.
Indian football team crashes out of Asian Games after 0-2 defeat against Saudi
Arabia.
Asian Games: India secure 31 medals including 8 gold, 11 silver and 11 bronze.
September 30, 2023
INDIA
President Droupadi Murmu has given assent to the women’s reservation Bill, which
seeks to provide 33% reservation to women in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.
Union Ministry of Education launches the Bharatiya Bhasha Utsav and two-day
Technology & Bharatiya Bhasha Summit.
The Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir has declared all its 6650 villages across 285
blocks in 20 Districts as ODF Plus Model.
K.N. Shanth Kumar of Deccan Herald, was elected Chairman of the Press Trust of
India.
The 2023 SASTRA Ramanujan Prize will be awarded to Ruixiang Zhang of the
University of California, Berkeley.
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
The government announced the sale of the 28th tranche of electoral bonds from
October 4 to 13 at all authorised branches of the State Bank of India.
The government hiked special additional excise duty (SAED) on crude petroleum to
₹12,100 per tonne.
India’s fiscal deficit for the first five months of the financial year was ₹6.43 lakh crore,
36% of the estimate for the whole year.
NABARD announces listing Social Bonds on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
WORLD
China opened its first cross-sea bullet train, linking major cities in the southeastern
Fujian province.
Inflation in the euro zone fell to its lowest level in two years in September.
ADB approved capital- management reforms that will unlock $100 billion in funds
over the next 10 years to support Asia and the Pacific.
U.S. government was on the verge of a shutdown as the Congress struggled to reach
a deal to keep agencies running and avoid the suspension of salaries.
SPORTS
Asian Games: Kiran Baliyan clinched India’s first medal in women’s shot put in 72
years.
Manika Batra becomes first Indian Table Tennis singles player to reach last eight.
Asian Games: Indian trio of Joshna Chinappa, Anahat Singh and Tanvi Khanna
finished its campaign with a bronze medal in Squash.
September 16, 2023

Unified Portal for Agricultural Statistics (UPAg)
The Indian government has introduced the Unified Portal for Agricultural Statistics (UPAg),
an online platform developed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. It is
hailed as a significant leap forward in managing agricultural data. The UPAg Portal is
intended to serve as a public resource, streamlining access to credible, granular, and
objective data while reducing search costs and inefficiencies for users.
The UPAg Portal’s core function is to generate crop estimates and integrate with other
agriculture-related statistical systems. It aims to combat challenges like non-standardized
and unverified data, ultimately supporting data-driven decision-making in India’s
agriculture sector.
What benefits does the UPAg Portal offer to users?
Users will experience reduced search costs, easier access to credible data, and the
opportunity to make data-driven decisions in agriculture.
How does the UPAg Portal aim to address challenges in the agriculture sector?
It intends to provide real-time, standardized, and verified data on agricultural
commodities, combating issues like non-standardized and unverified data.
What role does the UPAg Portal play in generating agricultural statistics?
The platform is designed to generate crop estimates and integrate with other systems
generating agriculture statistics such as price, trade, procurement, and stock.
How does the UPAg Portal align with the principles of e-governance?
The initiative aligns with e-governance principles by bringing smartness, transparency,
and agility to India’s agriculture sector.
What are some of the other initiatives mentioned in the article that the Ministry of Agriculture and
Farmers’ Welfare is working on?
The ministry is concurrently working on initiatives like the Krishi Decision Support System,
farmer registry, and crop survey to enhance data accuracy and digital data governance in
agriculture.
YashoBhoomi Convention Center
On September 17, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate YashoBhoomi, a state-of-
the-art convention center. Covering over 73,000 sq m, YashoBhoomi boasts one of the
world’s largest MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) facilities and the
country’s largest LED media facade. With a capacity for 11,000 delegates, it includes 15
convention rooms, including an innovative auditorium that seats 6,000 and a grand
ballroom for 2,000 guests. YashoBhoomi has received Green Cities Platinum certification
for its environmentally friendly design.

What is YashoBhoomi, and why is its inauguration significant?
YashoBhoomi is a state-of-the-art convention center in Delhi’s Dwarka. Its inauguration is
significant as it marks the first phase of the India International Convention and Expo
Centre, offering world-class facilities for meetings, incentives, conferences, and
exhibitions.
What distinguishes YashoBhoomi from other convention centers, and what records does it hold?
YashoBhoomi stands out with one of the world’s largest MICE facilities and the largest LED
media facade in India. It also offers one of the largest exhibition halls globally and holds
Green Cities Platinum certification.
How does YashoBhoomi incorporate elements from Indian culture in its design?
The center incorporates Indian culture through materials like terazzo floors with brass
inlay, representing rangolis patterns. This design approach adds a unique cultural touch
to the convention center.
What sustainability features are integrated into YashoBhoomi’s infrastructure?
YashoBhoomi prioritizes sustainability with a state-of-the-art wastewater treatment
system, rainwater harvesting, and rooftop solar panels. These features reduce its
environmental impact and promote eco-friendliness.
What is the seating capacity of the main auditorium in YashoBhoomi?
The main auditorium can seat 6,000 people and features an innovative automated seating
system that can be adjusted for different seating configurations, offering flexibility and
convenience.
How will YashoBhoomi contribute to hosting various events and exhibitions in India?
With its vast space, cutting-edge facilities, and sustainability initiatives, YashoBhoomi is
well-equipped to host a wide range of events, including exhibitions, trade fairs,
conferences, and business events.
IRS Officer Rahul Navin Appointed Acting Director of Enforcement Directorate

President Droupadi Murmu has appointed Rahul Navin, an Indian Revenue Service (IRS)
officer from the 1993 batch, as the Acting Director of the Enforcement Directorate (ED).
Rahul Navin currently serves as the Special Director-Chief Vigilance Officer at the ED
headquarters. This appointment follows the cessation of tenure for Sanjay Kumar Mishra,
IRS-84 batch, who had been serving as the Director of Enforcement in the ED. Mishra’s
tenure was initially extended by the Supreme Court until September 15, after the court
deemed the previous extensions beyond September 8, 2021, as “not valid in law.” The
appointment of Rahul Navin signifies a significant change in leadership at the ED and
comes amid legal challenges regarding the tenure of the ED chief.
What led to the cessation of Sanjay Kumar Mishra’s tenure as the Director of Enforcement in the ED?
Sanjay Kumar Mishra’s tenure as the ED chief ended due to legal challenges and the
Supreme Court’s decision to allow him to continue only until September 15.
Why did the Supreme Court grant an extension for Sanjay Kumar Mishra’s tenure?
The Supreme Court granted an extension in “larger public and national interest,”
although Mishra’s term was initially set to end on July 31. The court considered this
extension for the sake of continuity in the ED’s leadership.
What were the key legal challenges related to Sanjay Kumar Mishra’s tenure as the Director of
Enforcement?
Legal challenges included a PIL filed by NGO Common Cause, arguing that Mishra’s
extended tenure violated Section 25 of the Central Vigilance Commission Act. Additionally,
the government’s ordinances in 2021 allowed for extended tenures, further complicating
the matter.
How did the ordinances passed in November 2021 affect the tenure of chiefs in organizations like the CBI
and ED?
The ordinances allowed the government to keep chiefs in their posts for one year after
their initial two-year terms and provided for multiple one-year extensions, potentially
extending their tenures to a maximum of five years.
Why did Justice Gavai express concerns about the 2021 case, and what did he believe required
reconsideration?
Justice Gavai believed that the 2021 case had not been rightly decided and required
reconsideration. He argued that the case did not involve a simple question of extension,
sparking further legal discussions.
India Approves Rs 45,000 Crore Defense Procurement Proposals
India has given the green light to nine defense procurement proposals valued at
approximately Rs 45,000 crore. These proposals, sanctioned under the ‘Make in India’
initiative, include the acquisition of 12 Su-30 MKI fighter jets, Dhruvastra air-to-surface
missiles, and upgrades for the Dornier aircraft. The decision comes amidst the ongoing
border standoff with China in eastern Ladakh. The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC),
chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, granted the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for
these projects. The focus is on sourcing from Indian vendors, aligning with the
‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ (self-reliant India) goal, and enhancing indigenization efforts.

How does the ‘Make in India’ initiative factor into these defense procurement decisions?
These procurement proposals are aligned with the ‘Make in India’ initiative, emphasizing
the sourcing of defense equipment from Indian vendors, fostering self-reliance in defense
production.
Why is the avionics upgrade of the Dornier fleet considered significant, and what issues have been
reported with these aircraft in the past?
The upgrade of the Dornier fleet aims to enhance accuracy and reliability. The aircraft
experienced technical snags on multiple occasions earlier this year.
What is the Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) in the context of defense procurement, and who chaired the
meeting that granted AoN for these proposals?
AoN signifies the initial approval for defense acquisition projects. The meeting that
granted AoN for these proposals was chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh.
How does India’s defense procurement strategy contribute to the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ goal?
Sourcing from Indian vendors and focusing on indigenous production supports the
‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat’ goal of self-reliance in various sectors, including defense.

What directives did Defence Minister Rajnath Singh provide in the DAC meeting regarding indigenous
content, and to whom were these directives directed?
Rajnath Singh directed the Chief of Defence Staff, Service Chiefs, Defence Secretary, and
DG (Acquisition) to work on increasing the minimum indigenous content threshold in
consultation with the Indian industry.
Ig Nobel Prize 2023
The Ig Nobel Prize is a parody of the Nobel Prize, awarded for unconventional and
humorous scientific achievements. It aims to make people laugh and then think about the
peculiar aspects of science. Unlike the Nobel Prize, which honors significant intellectual
accomplishments, the Ig Nobel Prize celebrates the quirky and offbeat side of research.
The 2023 Ig Nobel Prize winners are an eclectic group of researchers who explored bizarre
and offbeat topics in their studies. These awards showcase the quirky side of scientific
exploration, demonstrating that even the most unusual questions can lead to fascinating
discoveries and a good laugh.
Ig Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Geology
Jan Zalasiewicz’s research focused on why some scientists lick rocks, a peculiar behavior
among geologists. Her work humorously explored the motivations behind this odd habit,
earning her the Ig Nobel Prize for shedding light on this unconventional aspect of
geological research.
Ig Nobel Prize in Literature
Ig Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Chris Moulin, Nicole Bell, Merita Turunen,
Arina Bahrain, and Akira O’Connor. The study by Chris Moulin and team investigated the
sensations people experience when they repetitively say a single word many times. Titled
“The The The The Induction of Jamais Vu in the Laboratory: Word Alienation and Semantic
Satiation,” it delved into the psychology of word repetition and won the Ig Nobel Prize in
Literature for its unconventional approach.
Ig Nobel Prize in Mechanical Engineering
Faye Yap, Zhen Liu, Anoop Rajappan, Trevor Shimokusu, and Daniel Preston received the
Ig Nobel Prize in Mechanical Engineering. This group reanimated dead spiders to use
them as mechanical gripping tools, showcasing a creative approach to engineering.
Ig Nobel Prize for its invention
Seung-min Park received the Ig Nobel Prize for its invention for his role in contributing
towards the Stanford Toilet possess. The Stanford Toilet incorporates advanced
technologies like urinalysis dipstick tests, computer vision systems, anal-print sensors, and
telecommunications links to analyze human excretions. Seung-min Park’s inventive toilet
earned her the Ig Nobel Prize for its groundbreaking contribution to the field of sanitation
and health.
Ig Nobel Prize in Medicine
Christine Pham, Bobak Hedayati, Kiana Hashemi, Ella Csuka, Tiana Mamaghani, Margit
Juhasz, Jamie Wikenheiser, and Natasha Mesinkovska were conferred the Ig Nobel Prize in
Medicine. This group used corpses to investigate whether there is an equal number of
hairs in the two nostrils of each person, a rather unconventional medical study.
Nobel Prize Winners to Receive Increased Financial Reward
The Nobel Foundation, responsible for administering the Nobel Prizes, has announced
that this year’s Nobel Prize winners will receive an additional 1 million Swedish crowns,
bringing the total financial reward to 11 million Swedish crowns (approximately $986,000).
The decision to increase the prize money aims to align it with the Foundation’s improved
financial position.
In 2012, the prize money was reduced from 10 million crowns to 8 million due to financial
considerations. Subsequently, the amount was raised to 9 million in 2017 and further
increased to 10 million in 2020, restoring it to its pre-2012 level.
The Nobel Prizes in various categories, including Physiology or Medicine, Physics,
Chemistry, Literature, and Peace, will be announced in the coming days, starting on
October 2.
Why is the Nobel Foundation increasing the financial reward for Nobel Prize winners this year?
The Nobel Foundation is increasing the prize money to 11 million Swedish crowns to
reflect its improved financial position. Over recent years, the prize money has fluctuated
due to financial considerations, and this increase is an effort to ensure the prizes maintain
their prestige.
What prompted the reduction in Nobel Prize money from 10 million to 8 million crowns in 2012?
In 2012, the Nobel Prize money was reduced to 8 million crowns as a measure to address
financial concerns and stabilize the Nobel Foundation’s finances.
How has the prize money evolved over the past decade, and why does the recent increase not significantly
impact non-Swedish winners?
Over the past decade, the prize money has fluctuated, reaching 10 million crowns in 2020.
However, the recent increase may not significantly benefit non-Swedish winners due to
the Swedish crown’s depreciation of approximately 30% against the euro during the same
period.
What is the schedule for the announcement of Nobel Prizes this year?
The Nobel Prizes will be announced in various categories on consecutive days, starting
with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on October 2, followed by Physics,
Chemistry, Literature, and Peace on subsequent days.
How long have Nobel Prizes been awarded, and what is their significance?
Nobel Prizes have been awarded since 1901 and hold immense prestige in various fields,
including science, literature, and peace. They recognize outstanding contributions to
humanity and celebrate individuals and organizations that have made significant positive
impacts on society.
Is the Nobel Prize monetary reward the same across all categories?
Yes, the Nobel Prize monetary reward is the same across all categories, with each winner
receiving 11 million Swedish crowns this year, regardless of the field in which they are
honored.
Earth's High-Energy Electrons May Contribute to Moon's Water Formation
Scientists analyzing data from India’s Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission have made a
fascinating discovery: high-energy electrons from Earth’s plasma sheet may play a role in
forming water on the Moon’s surface. Researchers from the University of Hawai’i found
that these electrons are contributing to weathering processes on the Moon, breaking
down rocks and minerals.
Surprisingly, the researchers found that water formation in Earth’s magnetotail is similar
to when the Moon is outside it, suggesting additional water formation processes beyond
solar wind protons, possibly involving high-energy electrons. This discovery underscores
the intricate connection between Earth and its Moon, shedding new light on lunar science.
What is the significance of the discovery that high-energy electrons from Earth’s plasma sheet may be
contributing to the formation of water on the Moon?
This discovery is significant because it provides a new perspective on the origin of lunar
water. It suggests that Earth’s high-energy electrons, in addition to solar wind protons,
play a role in weathering processes on the Moon’s surface, potentially contributing to the
formation of water. Understanding the sources of lunar water is crucial for future lunar
exploration and colonization efforts, as water is essential for sustaining human life and
supporting various activities on the Moon.
How did the researchers investigate the role of high-energy electrons in lunar water formation?
The researchers analyzed data collected by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument on
India’s Chandrayaan-1 mission. They specifically examined changes in water formation as
the Moon moved through Earth’s magnetotail, an area that shields the lunar surface from
solar wind but not high-energy electrons.
Why is it important to understand the concentrations and distributions of water on the Moon?
Understanding lunar water is essential for comprehending the Moon’s formation and
evolution. It also holds great importance for future human exploration, as water is a
critical resource for sustaining life and conducting various activities on the Moon, such as
generating oxygen and producing rocket fuel.

How does the Moon’s passage through Earth’s magnetotail affect water formation on its surface?
When the Moon is outside of Earth’s magnetotail, it is bombarded with solar wind, which
is thought to contribute to water formation. However, when inside the magnetotail, where
there are almost no solar wind protons, the expectation was that water formation would
decrease. Surprisingly, the research showed that water formation remained similar,
indicating the involvement of additional processes, potentially linked to high-energy
electrons.
What implications does this discovery have for our understanding of the relationship between Earth and
the Moon?
The discovery of Earth’s influence on lunar water formation through high-energy
electrons suggests a previously unrecognized connection between the two celestial
bodies. It highlights the complexity of the Earth-Moon relationship and underscores the
importance of further lunar research to uncover more hidden aspects of this relationship.
UNESCO Lists Kyiv and Lviv World Heritage Sites as 'In Danger' Due to Russian Conflict
UNESCO, the United Nations cultural organization, has designated the World Heritage
Sites in the Ukrainian cities of Kyiv and Lviv as “in danger” due to the ongoing conflict
sparked by Russia’s invasion. This decision, made during UNESCO’s annual world heritage
committee meeting in Riyadh, is a crucial step towards safeguarding these historic sites.
The inclusion of Kyiv’s Saint Sophia Cathedral and the medieval structures of Kyiv-
Pechersk Lavra monastery on the List of World Heritage in Danger allows for increased
financial and technical assistance to implement emergency measures.
UNESCO expressed concern that the Russian offensive poses a significant threat to these
sites, compromising their protection. Both Kyiv’s Saint Sophia Cathedral, dating back to
the 11th century, and Lviv’s historic center, near the Polish border, have faced constant
danger since the invasion began on February 24, 2022.
Why did UNESCO decide to designate Kyiv and Lviv’s World Heritage Sites as “in danger”?
UNESCO made this decision because the ongoing Russian conflict poses a severe threat to
the historic sites in Kyiv and Lviv. The organization believes that optimal conditions for
protecting these sites can no longer be guaranteed, necessitating their inclusion on the
List of World Heritage in Danger.
What are the implications of including these sites on the List of World Heritage in Danger?
Designating these sites as “in danger” opens the door to additional financial and technical
aid, allowing for the implementation of new emergency measures to protect and preserve
them.
How long have these sites been under threat?
UNESCO noted that these historic sites have been under a constant threat since the
Russian invasion began on February 24, 2022, making their inclusion on the list imperative.
Were there any previous actions taken by UNESCO related to Ukrainian heritage sites?
Yes, in January, UNESCO added the center of Ukraine’s Black Sea port of Odesa to the
World Heritage List. Unfortunately, in July, Odesa’s city center and an Orthodox cathedral
were damaged in a Russian strike, leading to international condemnation.

What does this decision indicate about the impact of the conflict on cultural heritage?
UNESCO’s decision underscores the significant impact of the ongoing conflict on cultural
heritage, emphasizing the need for urgent measures to protect and preserve these
historical sites amidst the turmoil of war.
ILO Reports Sluggish Progress Towards SDG 8
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has issued a policy brief stating that the
world is falling significantly behind in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8),
which seeks to promote sustainable economic growth, full employment, and decent work
for all. According to the ILO’s analysis, nearly two-thirds of the SDG 8 indicators show
insufficient progress, and the international community is as far from reaching the targets
as it was in 2015.
ILO emphasizes the need for increased multilateral and national action, integrated
policies, and whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches to make headway on
12 key indicators. The organization highlights that progress is not happening at the
required speed or scale and calls for a circular cumulative process to achieve balanced
development.
What is the primary focus of Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8)?
SDG 8 aims to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment, and decent work for all. It encompasses economic, social, and
environmental dimensions, emphasizing balanced development.
What measures does the ILO recommend to accelerate progress on SDG 8?
The ILO suggests implementing policies supporting a just transition to environmentally
sustainable economies, fostering multilateral and national action, addressing
unsustainable debt burdens, and enhancing fiscal space for developing countries. These
measures should enable investment in social and labor protection, employment, youth
employment, and gender equality.
What is the role of multilateral and national action in achieving SDG 8?
Multilateral and national action is crucial for advancing SDG 8. It involves integrated
policies, whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, and additional support
for social protection, employment, and social justice, particularly in low-income and lower-
middle-income countries.
How does SDG 8 relate to the broader 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?
Progress on SDG 8 is instrumental in strengthening the overall pace and pattern of
sustainable development, aligning with the objectives of the entire 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development. It underscores the interconnectedness of sustainable economic
growth, employment, and social and environmental well-being.
Himachal Pradesh Agriculture Department Launches 'Mobile Van Program' to Promote Natural
Farming
The Himachal Pradesh Agriculture Department has introduced a ‘Mobile Van Program’ as
part of the ‘Prakritik Kheti Khushhal Kisan Yojana’ to advance eco-friendly and natural
farming practices. This initiative, launched in Shimla, focuses on delivering fresh, organic
produce directly to consumers while promoting organic and chemical-free farming. The
scheme’s five-year plan aims at reducing farming costs, increasing income, and protecting
human health and the environment. Over 89,000 natural farming farmers have already
registered under the scheme, with efforts to expand its reach and create farmer-product
enterprises.
What is the objective of the ‘Mobile Van Program’ launched by the Himachal Pradesh Agriculture
Department?
The ‘Mobile Van Program’ aims to promote natural farming and eco-friendly practices by
delivering fresh, organic produce to consumers and encouraging the adoption of
chemical-free farming methods.
What distinguishes natural farming from conventional chemical-based farming, according to C Paulrasu?
Natural farming avoids chemical inputs like pesticides and fertilizers, relying instead on
techniques such as crop rotation, green manures, and biological pest control.
What is the target set by the Himachal Government regarding natural farming adoption?
The government aims to connect all 9,61,000 farmers in Himachal Pradesh with the
‘Subhash Palekar Natural Farming’ (SPNF) method to establish the state as a ‘Natural
Farming State.’
How does the self-certification system under the plan benefit natural farming farmers?
The self-certification system allows easy identification of natural farming farmers in the
market, meeting national and international standards and eliminating the need for annual
recertification, making it convenient for farmers.
Odisha Government’s LAccMI Scheme
The Odisha Cabinet, led by Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, has granted approval for the
‘Location Accessible Multi-modal Initiative (LAccMI)’ scheme, aimed at establishing a
sustainable, affordable, and safe transportation network for passengers and goods across
the state. This initiative seeks to create a seamless public transport network from the
Gram Panchayat (GP) level to the state capital, ensuring reliable and cost-effective
services. The scheme envisages deploying approximately 1,000 buses over a ten-year
tenure, extendable by two years based on performance reviews.
How does the LAccMI scheme prioritize women’s empowerment, and what role will Mission Shakti Self
Help Groups (SHGs) play?
A key focus of the LAccMI scheme is women’s empowerment through the provision of
safe transport options, encouraging greater participation in the workforce. The Mission
Shakti Self Help Groups (SHGs) will be involved in various operational and maintenance
activities at the block level.
What is the estimated project cost for the initial three years of bus operations under the LAccMI scheme?
The estimated project cost for the initial three years is around Rs 3,178 crore, with a focus
on efficient transportation of agricultural commodities and promoting economic growth.
How will the LAccMI scheme facilitate the transportation of agricultural commodities in Odisha?
The scheme aims to facilitate efficient transportation of agricultural commodities from
production sites to marketplaces, Mandis, and commercial hubs. This will ensure timely
and cost-effective transport of various agricultural and perishable products.
What hierarchical approach has been taken in planning the bus network under the LAccMI scheme?
The scheme has undertaken bus network planning in a hierarchical manner. It includes
the ‘Jagannath Express’ connecting District Headquarters to Bhubaneswar or Puri via
Bhubaneswar and ‘LAccMI’ Express providing connectivity between District HQs and
major cities. The network will connect Gram Panchayats, Block Headquarters, District
Headquarters, major cities, and economic hubs across the state. The implementation will
occur in phases.
September 18, 2023
ICMR Releases National List of Essential Assistive Products
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has introduced the National List of
Essential Assistive Products (NLEAP) to prioritize crucial assistive products for individuals
with functional impairments. These assistive products are vital for enhancing the quality of
life and promoting independence among individuals with disabilities. The NLEAP consists
of 21 essential assistive products and technologies that are considered fundamental for
improving the lives of those with functional impairments.
Assistive Products for Enhanced Quality of Life
Assistive products (APs) are essential tools and technologies that empower individuals
with functional impairments to lead more independent and fulfilling lives. These products
can include mobility aids, communication devices, hearing aids, and more.
Addressing Accessibility Challenges
Accessing assistive products can be a significant challenge for individuals with disabilities,
especially those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. The introduction of the
NLEAP aims to address these accessibility issues by prioritizing essential assistive
products.
Consultative Development Process
The ICMR’s development of the NLEAP involved a consultative process that included input
from subject experts, end-users, policymakers, NGOs, manufacturers, and international
agencies. This collaborative approach ensures that the list reflects the diverse needs of
individuals with functional impairments.
Functional Domains
The NLEAP covers a wide range of functional domains, including locomotor, visual,
hearing, cognition, communication, self-care, and sports, recreation, and leisure activities.
This comprehensive approach ensures that assistive products cater to various aspects of
daily life and participation in society.
Universal Accessibility
The primary objective of the NLEAP is to ensure universal accessibility to essential assistive
products. It serves as a point of reference for government agencies, healthcare providers,
and rehabilitation services, helping them prioritize the provision of these products to
those in need.
Improving Independence
Assistive products not only enhance the quality of life for individuals with disabilities but
also promote their independence. These tools enable individuals to perform daily tasks,
communicate effectively, and participate more actively in society.
Affordability and Availability
The NLEAP aims to make essential assistive products available, affordable, and accessible
to people with functional impairments. This initiative can have a positive impact on the
well-being and inclusion of individuals with disabilities in Indian society.
Santiniketan: UNESCO World Heritage Recognition
Santiniketan, the cultural and educational hub in West Bengal founded by poet
Rabindranath Tagore, has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The
announcement was made during the 45th session of the World Heritage Committee in
Saudi Arabia.
Established in 1901, Santiniketan was initially a residential school based on Indian
traditions and the vision of global unity transcending religious and cultural boundaries. In
1921, it evolved into a “world university” known as “Visva Bharati.” Santiniketan’s unique
architectural style, blending ancient, medieval, and folk traditions from Asia. West Bengal
Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee expressed pride in this recognition, highlighting the
government’s efforts to enhance Santiniketan’s infrastructure.
What is the significance of Santiniketan being recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
The UNESCO World Heritage status acknowledges Santiniketan’s cultural and educational
importance, preserving its unique architectural heritage and promoting global awareness
of Rabindranath Tagore’s legacy.
What is the history and founding philosophy of Santiniketan?
Santiniketan began as an ashram established by Rabindranath Tagore’s father,
Debendranath Tagore, with the vision of a sanctuary for meditation and unity among
individuals, regardless of caste or creed.
How does Santiniketan’s architectural style differ from the prevalent influences of its time?
Santiniketan’s architectural style represents a departure from British colonial and
European modernist influences of the early 20th century. It draws from ancient, medieval,
and folk traditions across Asia, embracing a pan-Asian modernity.
What role did Abha Narain Lambah play in securing Santiniketan’s UNESCO nomination?
Abha Narain Lambah, a renowned conservation architect, played a pivotal role in crafting
the UNESCO nomination dossier for Santiniketan. She expressed her exuberance upon its
inclusion in the list.
How has the government of West Bengal contributed to Santiniketan’s recognition as a UNESCO World
Heritage Site?
The government of West Bengal has invested in enhancing Santiniketan’s infrastructure
over the last 12 years, contributing to the site’s recognition on the global stage.
What is the significance of the Santiniketan Griha and the stained-glass Mandir in Santiniketan’s history?
These architectural structures, created in the 19th century, hold historical importance in
Santiniketan’s founding and its association with the universal spirit, signifying a revival of
religious ideals in Bengal and India.
West Nile Virus Cases in Multiple US States
Health authorities in several US states, including New York City, New Jersey, Georgia,
Maryland, and Texas, are expressing increasing concerns over cases of West Nile virus.
This year marks the first time Georgia, Maryland, and Texas have reported infections. The
virus is primarily transmitted through mosquito bites and has no human vaccine, making
prevention through mosquito bite avoidance crucial.
What is the current situation regarding West Nile virus in New York City?
New York City has seen an increased number of mosquito pools infected with West Nile
virus this year, with 16 human cases documented across all five boroughs. Queens has
reported the highest number of cases, according to the city’s Health Department.
How has New Jersey been affected by West Nile virus this year?
New Jersey has reported eight cases of West Nile virus this year, with six individuals
requiring hospitalization. The state announced its first death associated with West Nile
virus in Bergen County. Notably, in 2022, New Jersey reported 20 cases of the virus, with
four fatalities.
What are the symptoms of West Nile virus infection, and how common are severe cases?
West Nile virus can cause symptoms like fever, headache, body aches, joint pains,
vomiting, diarrhea, and rash in approximately 1 in 5 infected individuals. Severe cases,
marked by symptoms such as muscle weakness, altered mental status, and paralysis,
occur in about 1 in 150 infected individuals.
How have some states elevated their preparedness levels?
This year, Georgia, Maryland, and Texas have reported West Nile virus infections for the
first time. In response, Kansas has elevated its preparedness level to high across nearly
the entire state. In Maryland, health officials urge vigilance, mosquito bite prevention, and
eliminating stagnant water sources. Kansas has seen five out of six designated regions
classified as high-risk areas due to the virus’s impact on the nervous system.
What is the primary mode of transmission for West Nile virus?
West Nile virus is primarily transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. Infected
mosquitoes acquire the virus by feeding on birds already infected with West Nile virus.
Preventive measures include avoiding mosquito bites through the use of repellents and
protective clothing and reducing mosquito populations by eliminating stagnant water
sources where mosquitoes breed, such as gutters, swimming pools, and buckets.
Is there a vaccine or specific treatment available for West Nile virus?
As of now, there is no specific vaccine or targeted treatment for West Nile virus.
Prevention through mosquito bite avoidance remains the most effective way to safeguard
public health.
London’s India Club
London’s iconic India Club, which has served as a cultural and culinary hub for the Indian
community in the UK, was permanently closed on September 17, 2023. The club has been
a venue for discussions, social gatherings, and authentic Indian cuisine. It has also hosted
prominent figures such as India’s first President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and Lord
Mountbatten. The club faced threats of demolition and rent increases in recent years, and
the financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic made its operations unsustainable. Efforts
to save the club, including a public appeal, were unsuccessful.
Why is London’s India Club facing permanent closure?
London’s India Club is closing due to financial challenges, including increased rents and
the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which made its operations
unsustainable.
Who founded the India Club, and what was its historical significance?
The India Club was founded in 1951 by the India League, a British organization that
initially advocated for Indian independence and later aimed to foster Indo-British
friendship in the post-independence era. It became a significant meeting place for the
Indian community in the UK and hosted distinguished visitors, including India’s first
President, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, and Lord Mountbatten.
What efforts were made to save the India Club from closure?
The club’s owners launched a “Save India Club” public appeal and successfully prevented
partial demolition in 2018 when faced with eviction notices. However, the economic impact
of the pandemic and rent increases ultimately led to its closure.
What role did VK Krishna Menon play in the founding of the India Club?
VK Krishna Menon, a diplomat and former Indian Defence Minister, served as one of the
secretaries of the India Club. He intended the club to be an affordable place where young
Indian professionals could gather, discuss politics, and plan their futures.
What made the India Club’s interior unique and evocative of a bygone era?
The club’s interior featured elements of colonial-era Indian coffee houses, including
formica tables and mustard yellow walls. Its walls were lined with portraits of prominent
Indian and British personalities who had visited the club, creating a nostalgic atmosphere.
UK Bans American Bully XL Dogs After Fatal Attacks
The UK government has announced a ban on American Bully XL dogs by the end of the
year due to a series of serious and sometimes fatal attacks. The breed is considered a
“danger to communities.” This move marks the first addition to the prohibited list under
the UK’s Dangerous Dogs Act since its implementation in 1991.
American Bully XL is the largest of four American Bully types, known for their strength,
muscular build, and the potential to weigh up to 60 kg and reach 53 cm in height. These
dogs first appeared in the UK around 2014-2015 and have grown in popularity, despite not
being officially recognized by the Royal Kennel Club.
Debate surrounds the breed’s danger, with reports linking them to fatal attacks, leading
to the ban. Animal welfare groups argue against breed-specific bans, emphasizing
responsible ownership and behavior assessment.
What characteristics define the American Bully XL breed, and how have they contributed to concerns
about their behavior?
American Bully XL dogs are known for their strength, muscular build, and large size, which
can lead to more severe consequences in attacks. These traits have raised concerns about
their behavior.
What is the stance of animal welfare groups like Blue Cross regarding the breed-specific ban on American
Bully XL dogs?
Animal welfare groups like Blue Cross argue against breed-specific bans and emphasize
responsible ownership and behavior assessment instead. They attribute increased attacks
to the breed’s popularity and irresponsible breeding practices.
Are breed-specific bans effective in reducing dog attacks and increasing public safety?
While breed-specific bans can reduce the numbers of specific breeds, they do not entirely
eliminate the risk. Data from London Metropolitan police shows that banned pit bull
terriers were still responsible for a significant percentage of dog attacks in the city.
How has the ban on American Bully XL dogs in the UK sparked discussions about introducing similar
breeds?
Concerns have arisen that banning a breed could lead to the development and
introduction of similar breeds, such as the American Bully XL, which emerged after pit bull
terriers were banned.
What is the situation regarding breed-specific bans in India, and which breeds have faced restrictions?
In India, there is no nationwide breed-specific ban. However, certain municipalities, like
Gurugram and Ghaziabad, have banned specific breeds, including American pit bull
terriers, dogo Argentino, rottweiler, and others, due to reported attacks.
TB-Mukt Express
Recently, Union Minister Jitendra Singh flagged off the “TB-Mukt Express,” a mobile
medical van under the Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana healthcare initiative. This van will
travel to various villages in his parliamentary constituency of Udhampur, promoting the
slogan “Chalo Chale TB ko Harane” (let’s defeat TB).
During the launch event, Singh highlighted the societal and economic impact of
tuberculosis and underscored the government’s commitment to achieving a “TB-mukt
Bharat” by 2025. He also emphasized the role of biotechnology in holistic healthcare
strategies to combat tuberculosis, including engaging the private sector, active case
finding, decentralization of services, community engagement, and the Ni-kshay Poshan
Yojana. Singh distributed kits to TB patients in his constituency to support their daily
needs, aligning with the Prime Minister’s vision of a tuberculosis-free India.
What is the main objective of the “TB-Mukt Express” mobile medical van?
The main objective of the “TB-Mukt Express” is to provide medical services and raise
awareness about tuberculosis in different villages, primarily in the Udhampur
constituency, with the goal of defeating TB.
What is the significance of a public-private partnership (PPP) in achieving a tuberculosis-free India?
A PPP is deemed essential to integrate strategies and resources from both the public and
private sectors to effectively combat tuberculosis, considering its societal and economic
impact.
What role does biotechnology play in India’s approach to tuberculosis management?
Biotechnology is expected to play a significant role in India’s holistic healthcare approach
to eliminating tuberculosis, enhancing diagnostics, treatment, and overall patient care.
What are some of the key strategies mentioned by Union Minister Jitendra Singh in the fight against
tuberculosis in India?
Answer: The strategies include engaging the private sector, active case finding,
decentralization of services through health and wellness centers, community
engagement, and the Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana.
Lessons from Russia-Ukraine War Shape India's Artillery Doctrine
The Russia-Ukraine war has influenced India’s artillery doctrine and capability
development. Additionally, the conflict highlighted the importance of precision and
terminally guided munitions, as well as rapid target engagement capabilities. India is also
focusing on incorporating niche technologies such as loiter munitions, swarm drones, and
counter-drone systems. The lessons learned will shape India’s artillery profile,
emphasizing the deployment of self-propelled guns, mounted gun systems, and towed
guns with shoot-and-scoot capabilities based on specific operational requirements.
What are the key lessons learned by India’s artillery from the Russia-Ukraine war?
The key lessons the need for a balanced mix of rockets and guns, increased precision-
targeting systems, enhanced battlefield transparency, and robust force preservation
measures.
Why is firepower considered a critical factor in modern conflicts, as highlighted by the war in Ukraine?
Firepower is considered critical because it significantly impacts the outcome of battles.
The war in Ukraine underscored this, with 80% of casualties attributed to artillery fire.
How has the Russia-Ukraine conflict influenced India’s artillery doctrine and capability development?
The conflict has prompted India to reassess its artillery inventory, focusing on the
procurement of self-propelled guns, mounted gun systems, and towed guns with shoot-
and-scoot capabilities. It has also highlighted the importance of precision munitions and
niche technologies.
What technologies and capabilities are India looking to incorporate into its artillery inventory based on the
lessons from the war?
India is looking to incorporate precision and terminally guided munitions, loiter munitions,
swarm drones, counter-drone systems, runway-independent remotely piloted aircraft,
Weapon Locating Radars and Battlefield Surveillance Radars and enhanced
communication systems. The focus is on advanced technologies like artificial intelligence,
machine learning, and data analytics.
What is India’s timeline for completing the “Mediumisation” plan with indigenous guns, and what types of
guns are being procured?
The “Mediumisation” plan with indigenous guns is expected to be completed by 2042.
India is procuring various types of 155mm guns, including howitzers and self-propelled
gun systems. The procurement process also includes mounted gun systems and advanced
towed artillery gun systems (ATAGS).
How is India enhancing its missile capability in terms of range and accuracy?
India is extending the range of its missiles, including the BrahMos, and exploring the
development of other missiles with various ranges and capabilities. The focus is on
precision-guided munitions, and collaborations with academia and industry are ongoing.
What are some notable developments in rockets and munitions for India’s artillery?
India is working on guided extended-range rockets for the Pinaka system, which will
enable accurate engagement of targets up to 70 km. Trials for Area Denial Munitions
(ADM) have also begun, and the country is enhancing its rocket munitions capabilities.
ICGS Samudra Prahari's ASEAN Deployment for Marine Pollution Response
The Indian Coast Guard Ship Samudra Prahari went on an overseas deployment to ASEAN
countries from September 11 to October 14, 2023, as part of India’s ASEAN initiatives for
Marine Pollution Response. The ship aims to showcase the Indian Coast Guard’s
capabilities and commitment to addressing marine pollution issues in the region. During
this deployment, it will make port calls in Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh, and Jakarta,
demonstrating pollution response capabilities and fostering collaborative efforts. This visit
aims to strengthen bilateral relationships with key maritime agencies and enhance
regional safety and security through professional exchanges and joint exercises.
What is the purpose of the Indian Coast Guard Ship Samudra Prahari’s overseas deployment to ASEAN
countries?
The deployment aims to showcase India’s commitment to addressing marine pollution
issues and enhancing capacity in the ASEAN region while strengthening bilateral
relationships with key maritime agencies.
What capabilities does the ship have for pollution response, and why is this significant?
The ship is equipped with a Chetak Helicopter in Pollution Response configuration,
enhancing its capabilities to respond to marine pollution incidents effectively. This is
significant in addressing environmental concerns and ensuring clean seas.
How does this deployment align with India’s vision for maritime cooperation in the region?
This deployment aligns with India’s vision of fostering friendly relations through maritime
cooperation, as emphasized by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s “SAGAR – Security and
Growth for All in the Region” initiative.
What international outreach program is being conducted during this deployment, and who is participating?
Thirteen NCC cadets are participating in the “Puneet Sagar Abhiyan,” an international
outreach program focused on beach clean-ups and similar activities in coordination with
partner nations.
How does this visit contribute to strengthening regional safety and security?
The visit involves engagements with key maritime agencies and includes professional
exchanges, exercises, and capacity-building efforts, all of which contribute to enhancing
regional safety and security in the maritime domain.
What broader themes and initiatives does this deployment echo, as mentioned in the article?
This deployment echoes the vision of “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” – One Earth, One Family,
One Future, and aligns with India’s G20 Presidency theme, demonstrating India’s
commitment to global cooperation and unity.

Indian Navy's INS Nireekshak Conducts Joint Dive Training in Sri Lanka
The Indian Navy’s Diving Support and Submarine Rescue Vessel, INS Nireekshak, arrived
at Sri Lanka’s Trincomalee port on September 14, 2023, for joint dive training with the Sri
Lankan Navy (SLN). Over the course of a week, diving teams from both navies will engage
in exercises aimed at enhancing interoperability, cohesiveness, and the exchange of best
practices.
Upon arrival, INS Nireekshak received a warm welcome, with officials from HCI, Colombo,
and the SLN band playing ‘Sare Jahan Se Achha.’ The Commanding Officer of INS
Nireekshak held discussions with Rear Admiral PS De Silva, Commander of Eastern Naval
Area, covering various mutual interests. In addition to professional interactions, the visit
includes social exchanges, sports fixtures, and joint yoga sessions to strengthen the bonds
of friendship and camaraderie between the two navies.
What is the purpose of INS Nireekshak’s visit to the port of Trincomalee in Sri Lanka?
INS Nireekshak is in Sri Lanka to undertake joint dive training with the Sri Lankan Navy,
focusing on enhancing interoperability and exchanging best practices in diving exercises.

What is the significance of enhancing interoperability between the Indian Navy and the Sri Lankan Navy?
Enhanced interoperability ensures that the two navies can work together effectively
during joint operations, improving their ability to respond to maritime challenges and
crises.
Who did the Commanding Officer of INS Nireekshak meet during the visit, and what topics were
discussed?
The Commanding Officer of INS Nireekshak met Rear Admiral PS De Silva, Commander of
Eastern Naval Area, and discussed various issues of mutual interest.
Besides the joint dive training, what other activities are planned during INS Nireekshak’s stay in Sri
Lanka?
The visit includes professional interaction, social exchanges, sports fixtures, and joint yoga
sessions to foster relationship between the Indian Navy and the Sri Lankan Navy.
How does such joint training contribute to maritime security and cooperation in the region?
Joint training enhances the capabilities and coordination between naval forces, promoting
maritime security and cooperation in the region and strengthening the bonds of
friendship among nations.
PayPal Challenges Indian Court's Ruling on "Payment System Operator" Status
PayPal is challenging a Delhi High Court ruling that classified it as a “payment system
operator” under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), subjecting it to
“reporting entity obligations.” The court’s single judge bench had concluded that all
elements of transactions on PayPal’s platform fall under the PMLA’s definition of a
“payment system.” However, the judge quashed a monetary penalty imposed by the
Financial Intelligence Unit-India (FIU-India) for non-compliance with reporting obligations.
What arguments did PayPal put forth in its defense against the classification under the PMLA?
PayPal argued that it only provides a technological interface for transactions and does not
handle funds directly. It cited the Reserve Bank of India’s stance that it is not a reporting
entity under the Payments and Settlement Systems (PSS) Act.
does the definition of “payment system operator” under the PMLA differ from the Payments and
Settlement Systems (PSS) Act?
The PMLA has a broader scope in its definition of “payment system operator,” which
includes entities that enable and involve the movement of funds between two parties,
whereas the PSS Act is more specific to payment aggregators and intermediaries directly
handling funds.
What are the reporting entity obligations under the PMLA?
Reporting entities under the PMLA are required to maintain records of transactions, keep
them confidential, verify the identity of clients under the Aadhar Act, and maintain
information on “enhanced due diligence” for a specified period.
How does PayPal’s business model work with respect to handling funds in transactions?
PayPal explained that it serves as a technological platform facilitating transactions
between parties, but it does not directly handle funds. The movement of funds is
managed by Authorised Dealer (AD) banks at different stages of the transaction.

US Court Declares DACA Illegal
A US District Court has declared the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)
program illegal, although it did not order the immediate termination of protections and
work permits for nearly 580,000 DACA recipients.
The recent ruling by US District Court Judge Andrew Hanen resulted from a legal challenge
by several states. The court specified that DACA protections could continue for individuals
who received their initial DACA status before July 16, 2021. The ruling is likely to be
appealed to the US Supreme Court, marking another chapter in the legal battles
surrounding DACA.
What is the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, and who are its beneficiaries?
DACA, established in 2012, is a program that allows undocumented immigrants who were
brought to the United States as children, often referred to as “Dreamers,” to request a
deferment of legal action against them and obtain work authorization. To qualify,
individuals must meet certain criteria, such as arriving in the US before their 16th birthday,
having a clean criminal record, and pursuing education or military service.
Why was DACA established, and what is its significance?
DACA was established under the Obama administration to address the situation of young
undocumented immigrants who had grown up in the US and were often unaware of their
immigration status until they applied for jobs, driver’s licenses, or college scholarships. It
was designed to provide temporary relief from deportation and enable these individuals
to legally work and contribute to society.
What led to the recent declaration of DACA as illegal by a US District Court?
The declaration of DACA as illegal came as a result of legal challenges by several US states,
including Texas, Alabama, and Arkansas. They argued that the Obama administration
lacked the authority to create the program without congressional approval and that it
circumvented the legislative process. US District Court Judge Andrew Hanen ruled in their
favor, declaring DACA illegal.
What are the implications of the recent court ruling for DACA recipients?
While the court declared DACA illegal, it did not immediately terminate protections and
work permits for DACA recipients. Instead, it specified that individuals who received their
initial DACA status before July 16, 2021, could continue to be covered by the program. This
means that DACA protections remain in place for certain beneficiaries, but the situation
remains uncertain.
What is the likely course of action following this ruling?
The recent court ruling is expected to be appealed, likely to the US Supreme Court. DACA
has faced legal challenges before, and previous rulings have upheld its legality. The legal
battle over DACA’s fate is likely to continue, and the program’s ultimate fate will depend
on the outcomes of these legal proceedings.
How has DACA been a contentious political issue in the United States?
DACA has been a politically divisive issue in the US, with debates over immigration policy
often falling along party lines. While DACA enjoys significant public support, it has faced
legal challenges and attempts at repeal by Republican administrations. The future of
DACA remains uncertain, and its fate may be influenced by both legal and political
developments.
Mukhya Mantri Shramik Kalyan Yojana
Arunachal Pradesh Chief Minister Pema Khandu has announced the launch of the Mukhya
Mantri Shramik Kalyan Yojana (MMSKY) as part of the National Labour Day celebrations.
The MMSKY scheme aims to enhance the welfare of the state’s labor force and offers
various incentives and benefits for registered workers. Additionally, Chief Minister Khandu
announced a Rs 1000 increment in the salaries of both unskilled and skilled workers and
addressed other demands related to job regularization and pension schemes for workers.
What are the objectives of Mukhya Mantri Shramik Kalyan Yojana (MMSKY)?
MMSKY is a welfare scheme launched by the Arunachal Pradesh government to enhance
the welfare of the state’s labor force. Under the scheme, benefits such as maternity
benefits, natural death compensation, accidental death compensation, funeral assistance,
medical assistance, and more have been significantly increased. The scheme also
encourages sports participation among the children of workers by offering cash incentives
for achievements in state and national-level tournaments.
How does the scheme impact the labor force in Arunachal Pradesh?
Under the MMSKY scheme, significant enhancements have been made to benefits. These
enhancements aim to improve the well-being of registered workers and their families,
offering greater financial support in times of need.
How does the MMSKY scheme address the need for sports encouragement among the children of workers,
and what incentives are provided for sports achievements?
The MMSKY scheme encourages sports participation among the children of workers by
offering cash incentives for achievements in state-level tournaments (Gold, Silver, Bronze)
and national-level tournaments (Gold, Silver, Bronze). This initiative aims to promote
sports talent and development among the labor force’s families.
What other welfare measures and announcements were made by Chief Minister Pema Khandu during the
National Labour Day celebrations?
Chief Minister Khandu announced several other welfare measures, including salary
increments for Aganwadi workers and helpers, a top-up component for ASHA workers’
emoluments by the state government, and job regularization for contingency and casual
workers who have completed 15 years in service. He also addressed the need for parking
zones and vending zones in the state capital.
How does the MMSKY scheme align with the broader goal of enhancing the well-being and welfare of
labor force members in Arunachal Pradesh?
The MMSKY scheme plays a crucial role in enhancing the well-being of labor force
members in Arunachal Pradesh by offering increased financial support, better benefits,
and incentives for sports participation among their families. It reflects the government’s
commitment to improving the quality of life and welfare of the state’s workers and their
dependents.
September 19, 2023
UNESCO Recognizes Karnataka's Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas as World Heritage
UNESCO has officially added Karnataka’s Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas to its prestigious
World Heritage list. These ancient temples, previously on UNESCO’s Tentative list since
2014, now gain global recognition for their exceptional cultural and historical significance.
The Hoysala temples, located in the Hassan district of Karnataka, showcase India’s rich
heritage and architectural prowess.
The Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas include renowned temples in Belur, such as the
Chennakesava Temple, and Halebid, featuring star-shaped architectural plans and finely
detailed sculptures. This UNESCO recognition underscores their significance in the
historical development of Hindu temple architecture.
Who built the Chennakesava Temple in Belur, and why was it constructed?
The Chennakesava Temple in Belur was constructed by King Vishnuvardhana of the
Hoysala dynasty in the 12th century to commemorate his victory over the Cholas. It is one
of the most significant temples in the Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas.
What are some common architectural features of the Hoysala temples, as described by UNESCO?
These temples represent the Hoysala dynasty’s artistic excellence, characterized by hyper-
real sculptures, stone carvings adorning the entire architectural surface, large-scale
sculptural galleries, multi-tiered friezes, and depictions of the Sala legend.
Where are the Hoysala temples of Belur located, and which other temples are part of the Sacred
Ensembles of Hoysalas in Belur?
The Hoysala temples of Belur are located in the Hassan district of Karnataka. In addition to
the Chennakesava Temple, the Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas in Belur include Kappe
Chennigaraya Temple, Veeranarayana Temple, and Ranganayaki Temple, each known for
their architectural marvels.
What is the historical significance of the Hoysala dynasty in Karnataka?
The Hoysala dynasty ruled over Karnataka between the 10th and 14th centuries. They
were known for their architectural and artistic achievements, as evidenced by the
remarkable temples they built, including those recognized by UNESCO.
Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Sets World Record at Auction
Amrita Sher-Gil’s 1937 masterpiece, “The Story Teller,” achieved a record-breaking sale of
Rs 61.8 crore ($7.44 million) on September 16, marking the highest price ever paid for a
work by an Indian artist. The painting, created during a pivotal period in Sher-Gil’s career,
led Saffronart’s Evening Sale: Modern Art, featuring over 70 artworks by prominent artists
like V S Gaitonde, S H Raza, Tyeb Mehta, M F Husain, F N Souza, and Akbar Padamsee.
What was the previous record for the most expensive Indian artwork sold at auction, and whose work held
that record?
Prior to “The Story Teller,” the most expensive Indian artwork sold at auction was S H
Raza’s “Gestation,” which fetched ₹51.75 crore.
What distinguishes “The Story Teller” as a significant work in Amrita Sher-Gil’s career?
“The Story Teller” was executed during a crucial formative period in Sher-Gil’s career,
merging European and Indian influences into her unique artistic language. It features
intimate depictions of women, a recurring theme in her work, and is considered one of her
most honest and expressive compositions.
How did Amrita Sher-Gil’s background and experiences influence her art?
Born to an Indian Sikh aristocrat father and Hungarian-Jewish opera singer mother, Sher-
Gil’s upbringing and travels influenced her art. Her time in Paris exposed her to post-
impressionism and bohemian culture, while her Indian heritage and travels across the
country contributed to her distinctive style, which drew from miniatures and Ajanta
paintings.
What is the significance of Amrita Sher-Gil’s statement, “Europe belongs to Picasso, Matisse, Braque…
India belongs only to me”?
This statement reflects Sher-Gil’s deep connection to India and her belief that her artistic
identity was uniquely tied to the country, setting her apart from European artists.
Why is Amrita Sher-Gil considered a “national treasure” by the Indian government?
Amrita Sher-Gil is designated a “national treasure” by the Indian government, which
prohibits her artworks in India from being exported to other countries, recognizing her
immense cultural and artistic importance to India.
European Parliament Approves Critical Raw Materials Act
The European Parliament has approved the Critical Raw Materials Act with a significant
majority, aiming to reduce the European Union’s dependence on China for critical
minerals and metals essential for green technologies. The EU seeks to increase its
domestic capacity for these materials used in manufacturing solar panels, windmills, and
electric car batteries. The regulation aims to diversify imports and ensure secure and
sustainable supplies by 2030.
The EU also aims to increase its processing capacity and prioritize strategic partnerships
with countries like Australia and Chile to diversify the supply chain. However,
environmentalists have expressed concerns about permitting processes without
addressing environmental standards. The law will undergo further discussions between
the Council and Parliament for finalization.
Why is diversification of imports and supply chain considered important under this regulation?
Diversification aims to reduce the risk of supply disruptions, increase economic resilience,
and enhance security by ensuring that no single country provides more than 65% of the
EU’s annual consumption of critical raw materials.
What are some of the critical raw materials listed in the regulation?
Some of the critical raw materials include aluminum, cobalt, lithium, rare earth elements,
and more, which are essential for manufacturing solar panels, windmills, and electric car
batteries.
How does the regulation address the EU’s recycling capacity and environmental concerns?
The regulation emphasizes increasing the share of secondary raw materials within the
EU’s consumption of strategic raw materials and aims to collect, sort, and process 45% of
each strategic raw material contained in the Union’s waste, considering technical and
economic feasibility.
What is the context for this regulation, and why is it particularly relevant now?
The regulation is proposed in response to the increasing demand for critical raw materials
due to the rapid deployment of clean energy technologies. Additionally, the EU seeks to
learn from supply disruptions caused by external factors, such as the Ukraine war’s
impact on natural gas supply, to ensure a stable supply of critical minerals.
Airports Authority of India Enhances Flight Calibration Fleet with B-360 Aircraft
The Airports Authority of India (AAI) has expanded its Flight Inspection Fleet with the
addition of two advanced B-360 aircraft equipped with state-of-the-art Flight Inspection
systems. This enhancement will enable AAI to conduct timely flight calibration for Ground
Radio Navigational and visual aids at airports across India and provide support for flight
calibrations in neighboring countries, generating additional revenue. These aircraft will
play a critical role in calibrating various navigational systems and procedures, ensuring
safe and efficient air navigation services in India.
What is the primary purpose of the two new B-360 aircraft added to the Airports Authority of India’s fleet?
The two new B-360 aircraft have been added to meet the flight calibration requirements
for Ground Navigational and Landing Aids at Indian airports and validate Performance-
Based Navigation (PBN) Procedures.
What is the significance of flight calibration in the aviation industry?
Flight calibration is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of air navigation services.
It involves validating various Air Navigation Services Procedures to meet international
standards, as set by organizations like the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
What types of systems and procedures will these aircraft calibrate?
The aircraft will calibrate systems such as Category I, II, and III Instrument Landing
Systems, DVORs, DME, NDB, Radar, GBAS, PAPI, TACAN, and will also validate procedures
like RNP, LPV, and Instrument Approach Letdown procedures.

What is the current composition of the AAI Flight Inspection Fleet, and what aircraft are being added to it?
The AAI Flight Inspection Fleet presently includes One Dornier-228 and One B-350 aircraft.
The two new additions are B-360 aircraft equipped with advanced technology for flight
calibration.
What is the history and significance of the Flight Inspection Unit (FIU) of AAI?
Established in 1959 in Bamrauli (now Prayagraj), FIU shifted to Safdarjung Airport in 1986.
It has evolved from operating Dakota aircraft to the present fleet, contributing
significantly to ensuring air navigation safety and compliance with international
standards.
Inauguration of 'Udaan Bhawan'
Union Minister of Civil Aviation and Steel inaugurated ‘Udaan Bhawan,’ an Integrated
Office Complex at Delhi’s Safdarjung Airport, bringing together multiple aviation
regulatory authorities under one roof for improved coordination. The New Integrated
Office Complex comprises three above-ground levels and an additional three levels below
ground, providing space for 1,270 officials. The building has a total constructed area of
71,257 square meters and was successfully finished with a total expenditure of Rs. 374.98
Crore.
Additionally, the inauguration marked the launch of a pilot e-wallet facility. The
sustainable GRIHA-5 rated building incorporates various environment-friendly features,
embracing sustainability and efficiency.
Which aviation regulatory authorities are housed in ‘Udaan Bhawan’?
‘Udaan Bhawan’ accommodates the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Bureau
of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS), Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), and
Airports Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA).
What is the purpose of the pilot e-wallet facility launched during the inauguration?
The e-wallet facility is designed for processing fees related to various regulatory approvals
through the Bharatkosh portal. It acts as a prepaid wallet, enabling registered users to
make advance payments and generate receipts and challans instantly.
What is the significance of ‘Udaan Bhawan’ in the context of the 21st century?
‘Udaan Bhawan’ aligns with modern standards in terms of environment and
sustainability. It offers a healthy and productive workspace and meets the evolving needs
of aviation regulatory authorities.
What sustainability features are incorporated into the GRIHA-5 rated building?
The building maximizes the use of daylight, utilizes efficient LED fixtures, employs a glazed
curtain-wall assembly and double-skin Façade System to minimize heat gain, recycles
wastewater, and embraces other eco-friendly features to align with sustainability goals.
What amenities and facilities are available in ‘Udaan Bhawan’?
‘Udaan Bhawan’ features modern conference rooms, advanced AV systems, IT
infrastructure, parking management, a yoga room, a creche facility, and electric vehicle
(EV) charging facilities.
India Unveils 'People's G20' eBook on Its G20 Presidency

Secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, unveiled the “People’s G20”
eBook, highlighting India’s G20 Presidency, in New Delhi.
Three Main Parts
The eBook provides a comprehensive overview of India’s G20 Presidency, featuring three
main parts:
First Part:
The first part covers the G20 Summit held in September 2023, explaining the G20’s
structure and initiatives during India’s Presidency. It details the initiatives undertaken
during India’s Presidency.
Second Part:
The second part offers a summary of meetings held by various Working Groups under the
Sherpa and Finance Track, along with Engagement Group meetings conducted across
India during the past year under India’s chairmanship.
Third Part:
The eBook’s final section includes a photo essay showcasing Jan-Bhagidari (public
participation) events that transformed India’s G20 Presidency into a people-driven
movement.
Significance of Jan-Bhagidari events
Jan-Bhagidari events represent public participation activities that played a crucial role in
involving the people of India in India’s G20 Presidency, transforming it into a people-
powered movement.
'Swavlamban 2023' Seminar
The Indian Navy is set to host the 2nd Edition of the Naval Innovation and Indigenisation
Seminar, ‘Swavlamban 2023,’ on October 4-5, 2023. This seminar follows the inaugural
edition held in July 2022, where the Prime Minister Modi launched the ‘SPRINT
Challenges,’ consisting of 75 challenges for startups and MSMEs as part of the ‘Azadi ka
Amrit Mahotsav’ initiative.
Objective of the ‘Swavlamban 2023’ seminar
The ‘Swavlamban 2023’ seminar aims to showcase and promote indigenous innovations
and technologies developed by startups and MSMEs for use in the Indian Navy.
About SPRINT
‘SPRINT’ stands for Supporting Pole-Vaulting in R&D through Innovations for
Defence Excellence and is a collaborative effort involving the Defence Innovation
Organisation (DIO), Naval Innovation and Indigenisation Organisation (NIIO), and
Technology Development Acceleration Cell (TDAC).
The initiative received 1106 proposals, with 113 winners under the DISC 7 SPRINT
category and 5 winners in the DISC 7 SPRINT-PRIME category.
These winners are developing prototypes across various niche technologies,
including underwater lasers, autonomous weaponized swarms, firefighting aids,
artificial intelligence applications, and maritime drones.
These 75 prototypes will be showcased, with live demonstrations of select

technologies, during the ‘Swavlamban-2023’ seminar in New Delhi.
Significance of the ‘SPRINT Challenges’
The ‘SPRINT Challenges’ are aimed at boosting the adoption of indigenous technology
within the Indian Navy. They represent a commitment to develop at least 75 indigenous
technologies/products as part of the ‘Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav’ initiative.
Niche Technologies developed as part of the ‘SPRINT’ initiative
Niche technologies being progressed include blue-green lasers for underwater
applications, autonomous weaponized swarms and underwater swarm drones, multiple
firefighting aids, the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) for various uses, and the
development of an ultra-endurance small drone for maritime missions.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
The recent passing of actor Billy Miller, known for his roles in “Young and the Restless”
and other soap operas, has drawn attention to Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), a
rare neurological disorder he battled. While there is currently no cure for PSP,
understanding its symptoms and differences from other neurological disorders is

essential for early diagnosis and management.
About PSP:
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a rare neurological disorder that primarily affects
body movements, balance, and eye control. It results from the deterioration of brain cells
responsible for coordinating these functions. This disorder progresses over time and can
lead to complications like pneumonia and swallowing difficulties.
PSP vs Parkinson’s disease
PSP and Parkinson’s disease share some symptoms but have distinct differences. For
example, PSP patients often experience axial rigidity leading to backward falls, more
pronounced speech and swallowing difficulties, distinctive eye movement problems, and
minimal response to levodopa therapy.
Common Symptoms of PSP
Common symptoms of PSP include loss of balance, stiffness, slow movement, eye
problems, mood and behavior changes, speech difficulties, forgetfulness, irritability, and
problems with swallowing. These challenges can significantly impact the lives of those
affected and their loved ones.
Hallmark Characteristic of PSP
The hallmark of PSP is the accumulation of a protein called tau in affected brain cells,
while Parkinson’s disease is characterized by the buildup of a different protein called
alpha-synuclein.
Indian Army Inducts 600 Indigenously-Manufactured 'Vibhav' Anti-Tank Mines
The Indian Army has recently inducted 600 self-neutralizing anti-tank mines, known as
“Vibhav,” into its arsenal. These indigenous anti-tank mines boosts India’s defence
capabilities and indigenous defence industry.
What is the purpose of the “Vibhav” anti-tank mine?
Developed indigenously in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO), these anti-tank mines are designed to provide mobility kill capability
against all types of enemy armored vehicles.
What materials are used in the construction of the “Vibhav” anti-tank mines?
The “Vibhav” mines are made from new-age plastic, which provides them with the
necessary strength and durability for storage, handling, and operation in various field
conditions.
What safety and actuation mechanisms are incorporated into the “Vibhav” anti-tank mines?
The “Vibhav” mines feature integrated explosive, mechanical, and electronic safety
mechanisms to ensure operator safety. These mechanisms make the mines safe to
handle, lethal against targets, and reliable in their operation.
What is the role of the electronic anti-handling and anti-lift device (EAHALD) in the “Vibhav”?
The EAHALD in the “Vibhav” mines stays active for 120 days once armed. It serves as an
additional safety and security measure, deterring unauthorized handling or tampering.
Inspiration Behind Old Parliament Architecture

The Indian Parliament’s historical journey of 75 years is coming to a close as it bids
farewell to its iconic circular building, which has symbolized the nation’s democratic
aspirations. Designed by British architects Lutyens and Baker, the building served as the
Imperial Legislative Council during British rule and later as the Constituent Assembly and
Parliament of India. Interestingly, its design was influenced by India’s architectural
heritage, emphasizing the integration of Indian elements.
The Chausath Yogini temple in Mitaoli, Madhya Pradesh, is believed to have predated the
Parliament by centuries and may have inspired its circular, pillared structure. Built in the
14th century, this temple is dedicated to 64 powerful yoginis and features unique
architectural elements, including a hypaethral design with no roof and a central shrine
dedicated to Lord Shiva.
The temple’s connection to the Parliament’s design remains speculative, but it continues
to stand as a testament to India’s rich architectural history.
Did the Chausath Yogini temple inspire the Parliament’s design?
While there is no concrete evidence that architects Lutyens and Baker visited the Chausath
Yogini temple, local belief and the temple’s resilience in earthquakes have led to
speculation that it could have influenced the Parliament’s design.
Who were the 64 yoginis and what role did they play in mythology?
The 64 yoginis are believed to be powerful warriors and sorceresses in Hindu mythology.
They played a crucial role in defeating the demon Raktabija by preventing his blood from
falling to the ground, ultimately leading to his defeat.
What architectural features make the Chausath Yogini temple unique?
The Chausath Yogini temple is circular, hypaethral (roofless), and contains 64 chambers
dedicated to the yoginis, with a central shrine for Lord Shiva. This design sets it apart from
conventional Hindu temples.
Why did British architects Lutyens and Baker integrate Indian elements into their designs for New Delhi?
Viceroy Lord Hardinge emphasized the inclusion of Indian architectural elements to
ensure that the buildings in New Delhi did not appear as foreign structures transplanted
onto Indian soil, thus resulting in a fusion of Indian and Western architectural styles.
Dedicated Coal Corridors Needed to Meet India's Growing Power Demand, Says Railway Board
Study
A recent study by the Railway Board underscores the importance of dedicated coal
corridors to meet the rising power demand in India. As coal plays a vital role in powering
the nation, particularly flowing from states like Odisha, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh to
various regions, the report suggests the creation of exclusive coal transportation tracks
along Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFC).
The Growing Energy Demand
India’s energy requirements are expected to soar in the coming years. The study
estimates that by 2030, the country will need approximately 3000 billion units (BU) of
energy annually. This translates to a per capita energy consumption of roughly 2000 units
per year. As India continues to grow and modernize, the demand for power is on the rise.
Rising Coal Consumption
Coal remains a primary source of energy in India, fueling various industries and power
plants. The study forecasts a substantial increase in coal consumption, reaching 1853
million tons (mt) by 2030. This projection exceeds earlier estimates of 1547 mt outlined in
the National Rail Plan (NRP). To meet this escalating demand, efficient coal transportation
systems are essential.
The Call for Dedicated Coal Corridors
To ensure a smooth supply of coal across the nation, the report emphasizes the need to
prioritize the development of coal corridors. Specifically, it highlights the importance of
these corridors in the East-Coast DFC routes and the eastern segment of the East-West
DFC corridors. These corridors will facilitate the transportation of coal from Talacher to
eastern coastline ports, streamlining the distribution process.
UP Government Plans to Develop Aerotropolis Around Noida International Airport
The Uttar Pradesh government is embarking on a visionary project to establish an
aerotropolis around the upcoming Noida International Airport in Jewar. To address height
restrictions imposed by the Airports Authority of India, extensive ground-level
development is planned. The aerotropolis aims to enhance connectivity, boost local and
regional business activities, and become a symbol of progress and opportunity in Uttar
Pradesh.
What is an aerotropolis?
An aerotropolis is a metropolitan subregion designed around an airport, integrating
aviation infrastructure, land use, and economic activities. It differs from traditional urban
development by placing the airport at its core, shaping the region’s economy and
development accordingly.
What key features and facilities are planned for the Noida aerotropolis?
The Noida aerotropolis will include innovation and technology hubs, commercial centers,
logistics hubs, hospitality options, recreational areas, biotechnology parks, research
centers, information technology zones, shopping malls, exhibition halls, showrooms,
warehouses, and logistics parks.
How is the aerotropolis addressing height restrictions imposed by the Airports Authority of India?
The aerotropolis will adhere to height restrictions of 20 meters, stimulating extensive
ground-level development. This approach ensures that the region reaches its full potential
while complying with aviation regulations.
What is the significance of the Olympic Park in the region’s development plans?
The Olympic Park, spanning 1,100 acres, will include an Olympic City with dedicated arenas
for various Olympic sports. It enhances the region’s multifaceted development and
underscores its progress and opportunity.
Special Parliamentary Session
The special five-day session of India’s Parliament commenced with controversy over the
lack of a legislative agenda, fueling speculation and debates about its purpose. While the
Constitution doesn’t explicitly mention “special sessions,” past governments have called
them for significant purposes. Attempts to establish a fixed parliamentary calendar have
been unsuccessful. The upcoming session marks the second special session convened by
the Modi government and is set to be conducted without Question Hour, Zero Hour, or
private members’ business.
What constitutional provisions govern the summoning of special sessions in India’s Parliament?
India’s Constitution doesn’t explicitly mention “special sessions.” Article 85 requires the
President to summon Parliament at least once every six months, but it doesn’t specify
special sessions. Special sessions are typically called by the government for specific
purposes.
What was the purpose of the most recent special session in India’s Parliament?
The most recent special session was in 2017, called for the implementation of the Goods
and Services Tax (GST). It was significant because the GST represented a major tax reform
affecting the entire country.
What is the significance of the upcoming special session, and why has it sparked controversy?
The upcoming special session, from September 18 to 22, has sparked controversy due to
the government not initially disclosing its legislative agenda. Its significance and purpose
remain a subject of debate.
Why have past attempts to establish a fixed parliamentary calendar in India been unsuccessful?
Past attempts to establish a fixed parliamentary calendar in India have been unsuccessful
due to various factors, including the need for flexibility based on government priorities
and legislative agendas.
September 20, 2023
Indian Government Launches Agri-Credit and Crop Insurance Initiatives
In a significant development, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Union
Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar have unveiled transformative initiatives aimed
at revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing financial inclusion, optimizing data utilization,
and improving the livelihoods of farmers across India. The Ministry of Agriculture &
Farmers Welfare introduced three key initiatives:
Kisan Rin Portal (KRP): This collaborative effort promises to revolutionize access to credit
services under the Kisan Credit Card (KCC), facilitating the availing of subsidized
agricultural credit through the Modified Interest Subvention Scheme (MISS).
Ghar-Ghar KCC Abhiyaan: This ambitious campaign seeks to extend the benefits of the
Kisan Credit Card Scheme to every farmer in the nation, enhancing universal financial
inclusion.
Weather Information Network Data Systems (WINDS) Manual: The WINDS initiative
establishes a network of Automatic Weather Stations & Rain Gauges to provide hyper-local
weather data, aiding agricultural decision-making.
The government’s commitment to innovation and efficient service delivery for agriculture
aims to double farmers’ income and promote sustainable economic growth.

Why is the Kisan Rin Portal (KRP) considered a revolutionary step for Indian farmers?
The KRP streamlines access to credit services through the Kisan Credit Card (KCC),
enabling easier access to subsidized agricultural credit.
What is the primary goal of the Ghar-Ghar KCC Abhiyaan campaign?
The campaign aims to ensure that every farmer in India has access to the benefits of the
Kisan Credit Card Scheme, promoting universal financial inclusion.
How does the Weather Information Network Data Systems (WINDS) initiative support agriculture?
WINDS establishes a network of weather stations and rain gauges, providing hyper-local
weather data to aid in crop management, resource allocation, and risk mitigation.
What is the significance of the government’s commitment to doubling farmers’ income?
Doubling farmers’ income is a key objective, indicating the government’s dedication to
improving the economic well-being of the farming community.
How has technology played a role in the success of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)?
Technological interventions have led to record enrollment in PMFBY, making it more
effective in providing insurance coverage to farmers.
Why is real-time weather information crucial for agriculture, as highlighted in the news?
Real-time weather data helps farmers take timely precautions for their crops, leading to
improved yields and risk mitigation.
Constitutional Amendment Bill Introduced to Reserve Seats for Women in Parliament and
Assemblies
On September 19, the Indian government introduced the Constitution (One Hundred and
Twenty-eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023, which proposes to reserve 33% of seats for women
in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India’s parliament) and state Legislative Assemblies.
This reservation will apply to seats reserved for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled
Tribes (STs) as well.
What is the significance of the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Amendment) Bill, 2023?
The bill is significant as it aims to increase women’s representation in India’s parliament
and assemblies, addressing the gender imbalance in political decision-making.
What were the previous constitutional amendments related to gender representation in local governance?
The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments mandated one-third reservation for
women in rural and urban local bodies. They took effect on April 24, 1993, and June 1,
1993, respectively.
What were the key recommendations of the Balwantrai Mehta Committee and the Asoka Mehta Committee
regarding local self-governance in India?
The Balwantrai Mehta Committee in 1957 recommended setting up elected local bodies to
carry out government development programs, while the Asoka Mehta Committee in 1977
suggested strengthening the role of Panchayati Raj as a political institution.
What role did the 73rd and 74th Amendments play in reshaping local governance in India?
These amendments established local self-governance in rural and urban areas, introduced
direct elections for various tiers of governance, and mandated one-third reservation for
women.
How does the new bill propose to expand gender representation in parliamentary and assembly bodies?
The bill aims to reserve 33% of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and state Legislative
Assemblies, including SC and ST seats. This extends gender representation to higher levels
of government beyond local bodies.
What are the potential benefits and challenges associated with implementing such a reservation for
women in parliamentary and assembly seats?
The benefits include increased gender diversity and a broader range of perspectives in
decision-making, while challenges may include ensuring effective implementation and
addressing potential resistance from some quarters.
IRDAI To Unveil Bima Sugam
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) is set to introduce a
groundbreaking online platform called ‘Bima Sugam,’ which is positioned to transform
the insurance sector in the country. Bima Sugam aims to become the world’s largest
online market for insurance products and services.
IRDAI has allocated a budget of Rs 200 crore for Bima Sugam, and it plans to invite service
providers through requests for proposals (RFPs) to assist in developing and running the
platform. The platform’s role will encompass insurance purchase, servicing, and claims
settlement, offering a seamless experience to policyholders while reducing paperwork
and associated costs.
How does Bima Sugam aim to revolutionize the insurance sector in India?
Bima Sugam aims to become a game-changer in the insurance sector, similar to the
impact of UPI in the financial sector, by providing a comprehensive online platform for
insurance services.
What types of insurance coverage will Bima Sugam offer?
Bima Sugam will cover life, health, and general insurance, including motor and travel. It
aims to streamline claim settlements by offering paperless processing based on policy
numbers and providing a user-friendly interface to that allows customers to explore and
choose insurance schemes from various companies.
What is the main objective of Bima Sugam?
Bima Sugam aims to serve as a single-window platform for customers to manage their
insurance coverage efficiently. It will reduce paperwork and offer real-time access to
authentic data for insurance companies, leading to cost reductions for customers.
How does Bima Sugam intend to simplify the process of buying?
Customers will have an insurance account where policies will be stored, eliminating the
need for physical documents. This will streamline processes and reduce paperwork,
making claim settlements and policy renewals faster.
What is the role of technology and innovation in implementing Bima Sugam?
Bima Sugam relies on technology and innovation for its implementation, making it a
challenging endeavor. The platform aims to enhance insurance penetration in India by
providing a user-friendly and efficient online experience.
How does Bima Sugam align with the broader digital infrastructure in India?
Bima Sugam is connected with India Stack, a digital infrastructure that enables seamless
service delivery. This connection empowers all stakeholders in the insurance value chain
and facilitates the universalization and democratization of insurance services.
Google DeepMind's AlphaMissense
Scientists at Google DeepMind have developed an AI program called AlphaMissense,
which can predict the potential harm or harmlessness of genetic mutations, particularly
missense mutations that involve single-letter changes in the DNA code. These mutations
can lead to disorders such as cystic fibrosis, cancer, and brain development issues.
AlphaMissense assessed 71 million single-letter mutations in human proteins and
achieved a 90% precision rate, categorizing 57% as likely harmless and 32% as potentially
harmful, leaving some uncertainty.
The researchers have made their predictions available online to aid geneticists and
clinicians in their research and diagnoses. AlphaMissense outperforms existing variant
effect predictor programs, promising faster identification of disease-causing mutations
and the possibility of uncovering new links between mutations and disorders.
How does AlphaMissense classify missense mutations?
AlphaMissense assesses single-letter mutations in DNA and is crucial because missense
mutations can disrupt protein function and cause various diseases.
How does AlphaMissense compare to existing variant effect predictor programs?
AlphaMissense outperforms existing programs by providing more accurate predictions,
which can help identify disease-causing mutations more swiftly.
How does AlphaMissense learn about genetic mutations?
AlphaMissense learns from data on genetic mutations in humans and primates and
studies protein sequences to recognize patterns, enhancing its predictive abilities.
What concerns exist about the complexity of the DeepMind model?
Some experts worry that the DeepMind model’s complexity may surpass our
understanding of biology, potentially making it challenging to explain decisions made by

the AI to doctors.
What role might AlphaMissense play in future disease diagnosis?
AlphaMissense could become a valuable tool for disease diagnosis, pending validation by
clinical experts and further scientific verification to ensure reliability and transparency in
medical decision-making.
Human Activities Drive Extinction of Entire Genera, Threatening the 'Tree of Life'
A recent study warns of a looming sixth mass extinction, attributing the loss of entire
branches of the “Tree of Life” to human activities. Unlike previous studies that focused on
individual species, this unique research delves into the extinction of entire genera.
Researchers liken the extinction crisis to the gravity of climate change, emphasizing its
underappreciated severity.
The study reveals that 73 genera, out of 5,400, have become extinct in the last 500 years,
primarily within the last two centuries. This starkly contrasts with the expected rate based
on the fossil record. The loss of one genus can have cascading effects on ecosystems.
What are the primary human activities contributing to the extinction of genera?
Habitat destruction, overfishing, hunting, and more are driving these extinctions, with
potential consequences that ripple through entire ecosystems.
What does the study’s comparison with the fossil record reveal about the current rate of extinction?
The study shows that the rate of extinction is far higher than expected based on historical
data, raising concerns about the accelerated loss of biodiversity.
How does the loss of a single genus affect ecosystems?
Removing a genus can disrupt ecosystems as each species plays a unique role; this
analogy highlights the fragility of ecosystems when key components are lost.
What defines a mass extinction?
Mass extinctions entail a 75% loss of species over a short period. While it hasn’t officially
started, experts warn that the current trend could lead to a potential sixth mass
extinction.
What is the recommended course of action to address the extinction crisis?
Halting habitat destruction and restoring lost habitats are key priorities to save genera
and preserve biodiversity, with urgency stressed given the current rate of extinction.
TRAI Recommends Overhaul of Entry Fees and Bank Guarantees in Indian Telecom Sector
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has issued recommendations aimed at
revamping entry fees and bank guarantees in the Indian telecom sector. In response to a
request from the Department of Telecommunication (DoT), TRAI issued a consultation
paper in July 2022 on the rationalization of these financial aspects. The move comes in the
context of rapid technological transformations in the telecom industry, aiming to facilitate
growth and ease of doing business.
TRAI’s recommendations include a reduction in entry fees across various license
authorizations, with a particular focus on Unified License (UL) and Unified License (Virtual
Network Operator) (UL (VNO)) licenses. Additionally, TRAI suggests eliminating entry fees
for specific authorizations like M2M, audio conferencing, audiotex, voice mail service, ISP
“C,” and more. The merging of bank guarantees is proposed to streamline processes and
encourage investment in the sector.
These recommendations aim to attract new service providers, increase investment,
enhance competition, and ultimately improve the quality of telecom services, benefiting
consumers and businesses.
What is the purpose of an entry fee in the telecom sector?
An entry fee is a one-time cost for market entry. TRAI suggests reducing these fees to
attract more service providers and promote competition.
Why is the merging of bank guarantees considered essential in the telecom industry?
Merging bank guarantees simplifies processes and encourages investment by reducing
financial burdens on licensees, thereby facilitating business operations.
What are the specific recommendations for reducing entry fees in different telecom authorizations?
TRAI recommends various reductions in entry fees across different authorizations, with
specific adjustments for different regions to promote equitable access.
What is the significance of TRAI’s recommendation for no entry fee at the time of license renewal?
This recommendation eases financial burdens on existing and new licensees, especially UL
(VNO) licensees, promoting business continuity.
How will the adoption of electronic bank guarantees (eBG) enhance the ease of doing business in the
telecom sector?
Electronic bank guarantees simplify the submission process, reducing administrative
hurdles and promoting efficiency in business operations.
General SF Rodrigues Memorial Lecture
The Indian Army organized the inaugural “General SF Rodrigues Memorial Lecture” at the
Manekshaw Centre to honor the late General Sunith Francis Rodrigues, former Chief of
the Army Staff (COAS) and Governor of Punjab, on what would have been his 90th
birthday. General Manoj Pande, the current Chief of the Army Staff, delivered the keynote
address at the event, which was attended by senior serving and veteran officers of the
Indian Army.
The lecture began with memoirs of General Rodrigues and featured a presentation titled
“Changing Character of War and Firepower,” delivered by Lieutenant General Raj Shukla
(Retired), former General Officer Commanding in Chief of the Army Training Command
(ARTRAC).
General SF Rodrigues, born in Mumbai in 1933, had a distinguished military career, serving
in various capacities and participating actively in the 1962 and 1965 wars. He held the
position of COAS from 1990 to 1993.
What were some of the key achievements of General SF Rodrigues during his tenure as the Chief of the
Army Staff (COAS)?
General Rodrigues initiated the induction of Women Officers in non-Medical Corps
streams, expanded the Indian Army’s presence in United Nations missions, and played a
pivotal role in modernizing the Indian Army.
How did General Rodrigues contribute to the empowerment of women in the Indian Army?
He oversaw the induction of Women Officers in various roles, including granting
Permanent Commission and command assignments, significantly increasing their
presence in the army.
What was the impact of General Rodrigues’ efforts on the Indian Army’s participation in United Nations
missions?
His efforts substantially increased the number of Indian Army personnel in UN missions,
demonstrating India’s commitment to global peacekeeping efforts.
In what ways did General Rodrigues embody military ethics, ethos, and values during his career?
General Rodrigues was known for his commitment to military ethics and values, which he
practiced throughout his distinguished career.
What is the significance of the General SF Rodrigues Memorial Lecture?
The lecture serves as a platform to remember and celebrate the contributions of
exceptional leaders like General Rodrigues, ensuring their legacy lives on in the Indian
Army’s ethos and values.
Study Links Chemical Exposures to Increased Cancer Odds in Women

New research funded by the US government reveals that women exposed to various
widely used chemicals face higher odds of developing ovarian and other cancers,
including a doubling of odds for melanoma. The study, based on data collected by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), suggests that women diagnosed with
certain “hormonally driven” cancers had notable exposures to per- and polyfluoroalkyl
substances (PFAS) and phenols, commonly found in household and industrial products,
food packaging, dyes, and personal care items. PFAS, known as “forever chemicals” for
their environmental persistence, may disrupt hormone functions specific to women,
potentially increasing the risk of hormone-related cancers.
The study did not find similar associations between these chemicals and cancer diagnoses
in men.
What is the significance of this research?
This research is significant as it highlights a potential link between common chemical
exposures and cancer risk in women. Understanding this connection is vital for public
health, especially regarding hormonally driven cancers that are challenging to treat.
Why is it nearly impossible to avoid exposure to PFAS, and what are the concerning statistics related to
PFAS contamination in the US?
PFAS are widespread, persistent chemicals found in various environmental sources.
Approximately 97% of Americans have PFAS in their blood, and 45% of US drinking water is
contaminated with PFAS, raising concerns about widespread exposure.
How do the study’s findings differ among women from different racial groups?
The study found varying links between chemicals and cancer among racial groups, with
PFAS associations seen mainly in white women and phenol associations in non-white
women. These differences may result from dietary habits, proximity to contaminated
water, and other factors.
What limitations exist in the study?
The study does not definitively prove that chemical exposure caused the cancer diagnoses
but strongly indicates a connection. Further research is needed to comprehensively
understand the role of these chemicals in cancer development.
Why is ongoing investigation into PFAS chemicals essential for human health?
The research is funded by the National Institutes of Environmental Health to better
understand the impact of PFAS chemicals on human health. Ongoing investigation is
crucial as PFAS chemicals have been linked to various health problems, including cancer
and fertility issues, and there are thousands of different types of PFAS.
40% Increase in Elephant Corridors Across India
A recent report released by the central government highlights a significant increase in
elephant corridors across 15 elephant range states in India. The number of elephant
corridors has risen from 88 in 2010 to 150, a 40% increase. These corridors are essential
strips of land that facilitate the movement of elephants between different habitats. The
report also notes that 19% of the corridors have seen a decrease in use, with 10 others
requiring restoration due to impairments. The expansion of elephant ranges is observed

in regions like Vidarbha in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, northern Andhra Pradesh, and
northeastern states. The report emphasizes the importance of long-term habitat viability
and data-driven approaches for the conservation of elephants in these areas.
Significance
The increase in elephant corridors signifies the importance of providing safe passages for
elephants to move between different habitats, reducing human-elephant conflicts and
aiding in their conservation.
Defining Elephant Corridors
Elephant corridors are strips of land that enable elephant movement between two or
more friendly habitats. Their purpose is to facilitate the natural movement of elephants,
allowing them to access resources and avoid conflicts with human settlements.
State with the Highest Number of Elephant Corridors
West Bengal has the most elephant corridors with 26, which is 17% of the total corridors.
This is significant as it highlights the importance of this state in elephant conservation
efforts.
Reasons for the Decline in Elephant Corridor Usage
The decrease in corridor use is attributed to habitat fragmentation, shrinkage, and
destruction, which can restrict elephants’ access to these pathways.
Expansion of Elephant Ranges
The report notes the expansion of elephant ranges in regions like Vidarbha in
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, northern Andhra Pradesh, and northeastern states. This is
noteworthy as it reflects changes in elephant distribution and habitat usage.
Recommendations
The report emphasizes the need for long-term habitat viability and data-driven
approaches in states with expanding elephant populations. Additionally, it calls for the
restoration of impaired corridors to facilitate elephant movement and reduce conflicts.

Summer 2023 Marks Hottest on Record
NASA reports that the summer of 2023 has officially become the hottest on record since
temperature tracking began in 1880. This scorching summer, marked by extreme
heatwaves in North America, Europe, Asia, and other regions, is primarily attributed to
human-induced global warming, further intensified by the recurring climate phenomenon
El Niño – a climate pattern disrupting normal Pacific winds and causing higher
temperatures in regions like Canada and the U.S. West Coast.
In August 2023, temperatures soared 2.2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.2 degrees Celsius) above
the summer average. This extreme heatwave severely impacted 57 million people in the
southern and southwestern United States, reaching the highest level of severity.
When examining temperature data for June, July, and August combined, these months
were 0.41 degrees Fahrenheit (0.23 degrees Celsius) warmer than all previous summers,
highlighting the escalating impact of global warming.
What specific impacts did the blistering July heat have on various regions?
The July heat contributed to the deadliest wildfire season recorded in Canada and Hawaii
and led to severe rainfall and flash floods in the Mediterranean. These extreme events
highlight the devastating consequences of climate change and the immediate need for
action.
How does El Niño influence global temperatures?
El Niño disrupts Pacific winds, leading to warmer conditions in certain regions.
Exceptionally high sea surface temperatures, influenced in part by El Niño, significantly
contributed to the record warmth of summer 2023.
What are the consequences of not taking significant measures to reduce carbon dioxide and greenhouse
gas emissions?
Without substantial emissions reductions, experts predict a worsening climate crisis
characterized by more frequent and severe heatwaves, along with other unpredictable
climate events. These impacts will continue to escalate if environmental goals, including
those set in the Paris Agreement, are not met.
Over 10% of Japan's Population Now Aged 80 or Older
Japan’s demographic crisis deepens as more than 10% of the country’s population is now
aged 80 or older, according to data released by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and
Communications. This concerning milestone comes alongside a record-high proportion of
elderly citizens, defined as those aged 65 and above, making up 29.1% of the population –
the highest rate globally. Despite several government efforts, Japan’s demographic issues
persist, with Prime Minister Fumio Kishida emphasizing the urgency of child-rearing
support to maintain social functions.
What demographic challenges is Japan currently facing?
Japan confronts a declining population, with a fertility rate of 1.3, far below the 2.1 needed
for stability. Deaths have outnumbered births for over a decade, posing challenges for the
world’s third-largest economy. This issue has persisted since the economic boom of the
1980s, with deaths surpassing births for over a decade.

What factors contribute to Japan’s current demographic crisis?
Japan has one of the highest life expectancies globally, contributing to the increasing
number of elderly citizens. Additionally, the low fertility rate and demographic trends have
amplified the aging population.
How has the Japanese government attempted to address this crisis?
To address labor shortages and boost economic growth, the Japanese government has
encouraged senior citizens and stay-at-home mothers to return to the workforce in recent
years, resulting in a record 9.12 million elderly workers, which up over 13% of the national
workforce.
What are the challenges?
Experts suggest that while elderly employment has increased, it alone cannot counteract
the broader societal and economic impacts of the demographic crisis. Prime Minister
Kishida has warned that Japan is nearing a point where it may struggle to maintain
essential social functions and emphasizes the urgency of child-rearing support.
Are other countries in the region, such as China, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, experiencing
similar demographic challenges?
Yes, neighboring countries like China, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan are grappling
with similar demographic crises. They all struggle to encourage young people to have
more children in the face of rising living costs and social discontent, which impact
population growth.
Old Parliament Building Renamed 'Samvidhan Sadan'
Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla officially renames the old Parliament building, previously
known as Parliament House, to ‘Samvidhan Sadan.’ This renaming follows the members’
relocation to a new complex and is formalized through an official notification by the Lok
Sabha Secretariat.
Historical Significance
The renaming of the old Parliament building holds historical significance, highlighting its
role in the formation of the Indian Constitution. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s
suggestion during a Central Hall speech prompted this decision, emphasizing the
building’s importance in India’s democratic journey.
Contribution to Drafting the Constitution
The old Parliament building served as the venue for the Constituent Assembly’s sessions
from December 9, 1946, to January 24, 1950, during which the Indian Constitution was
drafted. It played a pivotal role in shaping India’s constitutional framework and
democratic principles.
Relocation of Joint Sessions
Joint sessions will now be held in the Lok Sabha chamber within the new Parliament
building. This relocation signifies a shift in the venue for interactions among MPs, leaders,
and the press during such sessions. It reflects modernization and may have procedural
implications for parliamentary proceedings.
Fostering Informal Interactions

The old Parliament building was a hub for informal interactions among MPs, leaders, and
the press. With the move to the new complex, these informal engagements will take place
in the Lok Sabha chamber, potentially altering the dynamics of such interactions.
Parliament House of India
The Lok Sabha officially designated the new Parliament building as the “Parliament House
of India” in a notification issued on September 18. Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha held
their sittings in the new Parliament building on the same day.
The proceedings in both houses were adjourned after discussing parliamentary
democracy’s evolution over the last 75 years, with the new Parliament building hosting
sessions starting the next day.
Location
The new Parliament building is situated in New Delhi, east of the existing Parliament
House. It is bounded by Raisina Road to the south and Red Cross Road to the north.
Central Hall program
Preparations are underway for a Central Hall program at the old Parliament building,
commemorating India’s parliamentary legacy and expressing a resolve to make India a
developed nation by 2047.
New Dress Code
The new dress code includes khaki trousers, cream-colored jackets, cream shirts with pink
lotus motifs for men, bright-colored sarees with jackets for women, and turbans for
marshals. Security personnel will wear camouflage pattern clothes similar to those worn
by military personnel.
Recent Discussions
Both houses discussed the evolution of parliamentary democracy in India over the last 75
years. The proceedings were adjourned, and it was decided that sessions would
commence in the new Parliament building starting the next day.
Trans-Lagrangean Point 1 Insertion (TL1I) Manoeuvre
India’s pioneering solar observatory, Aditya-L1, has commenced its journey to Lagrange
Point 1 (L1), located along the Sun-Earth line. The Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO) executed the trans-Lagrangian 1 insertion (TL1I) maneuver successfully, initiating
Aditya-L1’s 110-day voyage to L1, which is approximately 1.5 million km from Earth. The
spacecraft will provide valuable insights into the origin, acceleration, and anisotropy of
solar wind and space weather phenomena. ISRO’s Supra Thermal and Energetic Particle
Spectrometer (STEPS) instrument, part of the Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment
(ASPEX) payload, has started collecting scientific data.
Objective and Destination
The Aditya-L1 mission aims to study the Sun from a space-based solar observatory. It is
headed towards Lagrange Point 1 (L1), located along the Sun-Earth line.
Significance of trans-Lagrangian 1 insertion (TL1I) maneuver
The TL1I maneuver is crucial to align Aditya-L1’s trajectory with the unique Lagrange Point
1 (L1) in space, marking the start of its voyage towards this destination.
Location and Significance of L1
L1 is approximately 1.5 million km away from Earth, representing just 1 percent of the
distance between Earth and the Sun. It is significant for solar observations as it offers an
ideal vantage point along the Sun-Earth line.
Role of STEPS Instrument
Developed by the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) with support from the Space
Application Centre, STEPS measures ions and electrons in different directions, offering
insights into particle behavior in Earth’s magnetosphere. It is a vital component of the
Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX) payload.
Latest Data from STEPS
STEPS began collecting scientific data on September 10, 2023, from a distance exceeding
50,000 km from Earth. One unit of STEPS has already provided measurements depicting
variations in the energetic particle environment within Earth’s magnetosphere.
Significance of STEPS
Data collection by STEPS will persist during the cruise phase of the Aditya-L1 mission as it
progresses toward the Sun-Earth L1 point. These measurements will continue once the
spacecraft is positioned in its intended orbit, contributing to a better understanding of
solar phenomena.
September 21, 2023
Rwanda – A Country with 61 per cent Women Parliamentarians
Rwanda stands out globally with an impressive 61 percent of women in its Parliament, a
stark contrast to many other countries. This extraordinary representation of women in
Rwanda’s political sphere can be traced back to the country’s tumultuous history.
Historical Roots: Ethnic Conflict and the Genocide
The ethnic tensions between Hutus and Tutsis fueled by colonial rule led to decades of
conflict, culminating in the tragic Rwandan genocide in 1994. The aftermath left a
predominantly female population due to the large number of men killed during the
violence.
Initiating Change: Gender Equality in the Constitution
To address the societal and gender imbalances, Rwanda implemented a transformative
gender equality initiative in its 2003 constitution. This initiative introduced quotas,
ensuring women held 30 percent of decision-making positions, including 24 seats in the
Lower House of Parliament.
Impact of the Genocide on Women
The Rwandan genocide resulted in gender-based violence, but the majority of fatalities
were men, leading to a population composed mostly of women. Women faced challenges
in accessing property and economic opportunities. In response, Rwanda implemented
legal changes and quotas to empower women.
Progress Beyond Politics
Rwanda has made progress in political representation and health, as indicated by the
World Economic Forum’s Gender Gap Index. However, challenges remain in areas like
employment, economic opportunities, and traditional gender roles.
Ongoing Challenges and Future Hurdles
Despite legal changes, many women in Rwanda still face heavy workloads, threats of
violence, and limited access to education. Traditional gender roles persist, and some
sections of the population do not fully support gender equality policies.
The Role of Political Climate
Rwanda’s political climate, marked by President Paul Kagame’s long-standing rule, has
been criticized for limited dissent. However, it has also been argued that authoritarianism
allowed for the implementation of gender equality provisions.
Addressing Barriers for Lasting Progress
To ensure lasting progress, Rwanda must address issues like the limited enforcement of
gender equality laws, campaign financing, education, technical skills, and persistent
gender stereotypes and patriarchal attitudes, as highlighted by UN Women.
SC Refers 1998 P V Narasimha Rao Case to 7-Judge Bench for Reconsideration
In a significant development, the Supreme Court of India has decided to review the 1998 P
V Narasimha Rao case, which granted legislators immunity against criminal prosecution
for bribery charges related to their parliamentary activities. A 5-judge Constitution Bench,
led by Chief Justice D Y Chandrachud, has referred the matter to a 7-judge Bench.
Why was the P V Narasimha Rao case referred to a 7-judge Bench for reconsideration?
The Supreme Court referred the case to a larger 7-judge Bench to review the correctness
of the original verdict. This decision is based on concerns regarding the interpretation of
Articles 105(2) and 194(2) of the Constitution, which provide privileges to members of
Parliament and State Legislatures.
What was the context of the original P V Narasimha Rao case?
The P V Narasimha Rao case originated from the 1993 JMM bribery case, where legislators
were accused of taking bribes to influence parliamentary votes. The Supreme Court had
granted immunity under Article 105(2) in that case.
How did the case resurface in 2012, involving JMM MLA Sita Soren?
The case resurfaced in 2012 when JMM MLA Sita Soren faced bribery charges related to a
Rajya Sabha election. She attempted to invoke Article 194(2) for immunity, but the High
Court declined her request, leading to further legal proceedings.
What arguments were presented in favor of the case’s reconsideration?
Advocates argued that the correctness of the P V Narasimha Rao case was in question,
given the evolving legal landscape and its impact on public morality. They emphasized the
need to clarify the law in this matter.
What are the implications of this referral to a 7-judge Bench for India’s legislators?
The referral to a larger Bench signifies a potential reevaluation of the immunity granted to
legislators. The outcome will have significant implications for lawmakers’ legal standing
and their responsibilities in India’s political system.
Mukhyamantrir Atmanirbharshil Asom Abhiyan

The Assam government is set to launch a new scheme called “Mukhyamantrir
Atmanirbharshil Asom Abhiyan.” This scheme aims to provide financial assistance to
young individuals, fostering self-reliance and economic independence among the state’s
youth. Chief Minister Sarma announced the launch of the scheme during a video
conference with senior officials, where the details of the initiative were discussed. The
registration process for the program is scheduled to commence on September 23-24.
What is the objective of the “Mukhyamantrir Atmanirbharshil Asom Abhiyan” scheme?
The scheme aims to provide financial assistance of Rs. 2 lakh each to two lakh youth in
Assam to promote self-reliance and independence.
What is the significance of this initiative for the youth of Assam?
The scheme is designed to empower and support the youth of Assam by offering financial
assistance to help them become economically self-reliant.
How does this scheme align with the state government’s goals and priorities?
The scheme aligns with the government’s commitment to empower and support the
youth of Assam in becoming self-sufficient. This will contribute to the state’s overall
development.
Railway Board Increases Ex-Gratia Payments for Train Accident Victims
The Railway Board in India has significantly increased ex-gratia payments for victims of
train accidents and untoward incidents. The ex-gratia relief amounts, last revised in 2012
and 2013, have been increased by tenfold. The circular, dated September 18, states that
relatives of deceased passengers in train accidents and manned level crossing accidents
will now receive Rs 5 lakh, while grievously injured passengers will be awarded Rs 2.5 lakh.
Passengers with simple injuries will receive Rs 50,000. Previously, these amounts were
much lower, at Rs 50,000, Rs 25,000, and Rs 5,000, respectively.
Why has the Railway Board increased ex-gratia payments for train accident victims?
The Railway Board has increased ex-gratia payments to provide more substantial financial
support to victims of train accidents and untoward incidents, with the aim of better
addressing their needs.
How has this revision affected the previous ex-gratia relief amounts?
The new ex-gratia relief amounts are ten times higher than the previous amounts, which
were significantly lower.
What does the circular specify regarding ex-gratia relief for hospitalization of grievously injured
passengers?
The circular outlines ex-gratia relief for hospitalization of grievously injured passengers
beyond 30 days, with specific amounts to be released at different intervals during their
hospitalization.
In what cases will no ex-gratia relief be provided?
No ex-gratia relief will be admissible in cases of accidents at unmanned level crossings, for
trespassers, and for persons electrocuted by Over Head Equipment (OHE).
GSTN Enables Geocoding Across All Indian States and Union Territories
The Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) has introduced geocoding functionality to
identify and locate businesses accurately across all states and union territories. Geocoding
allows for precise location data and enhances auditing and enforcement efforts. The
implementation of geocoding will aid tax enforcement agencies in allocating resources
more effectively to tackle tax irregularities. GSTN has geocoded 2.05 crore registered
business addresses to date.
What is geocoding?
Geocoding is a process that assigns geographical coordinates to addresses or locations. In
the context of India’s GST system, it helps tax authorities accurately locate businesses and
taxpayers, making it easier to detect tax evaders and eliminate fake registrations.
How does geocoding help streamline GSTN records?
Geocoding ensures that the address details in GSTN records are accurate and aligned with
the actual location of registered entities. This reduces the scope for fake GST addresses
and registrations, enhancing the integrity of the tax system.
What tools and techniques can be used by tax enforcement agencies with geocoding data to identify tax
irregularities?
Tax enforcement agencies can use heat maps and spatial analysis tools to reveal clusters
of tax irregularities. This allows them to allocate their resources more effectively and
target areas with a higher likelihood of tax evasion.
How has the implementation of geocoding by GSTN improved the accuracy of taxpayer location data?
GSTN has geocoded 2.05 crore addresses of registered businesses, ensuring that the
location data in GSTN records is precise and up-to-date. This improvement in accuracy
aids tax authorities in their enforcement efforts.
What are the potential benefits of geocoding for fair and efficient tax collection processes in India?
Geocoding can enhance auditing and enforcement efforts, contributing to fairer and more
efficient tax collection processes. It helps tax authorities identify tax cheats and maintain
the integrity of the GST system.
State of Working India 2023
A report by Azim Premji University titled “State of Working India 2023” highlights the
impact of India’s economic slowdown from 2018-2020 and the subsequent Covid-19
pandemic on the labor market. The report reveals that the workforce has shifted more
towards self-employment during this period, with women being disproportionately
affected. The report also notes that while India has expanded the share of workers with
regular wages, the majority of women still remain outside the workforce due to various
challenges.
How has gender-based earnings disparity changed in India since 2004?
According to the report, salaried women workers in India now earn 76% of their male
counterparts, compared to 70% in 2004, indicating a reduction in gender-based earnings
disparities.
What factors contributed to the shift towards self-employment in India’s labor market?
The economic slowdown from 2018-2020 and the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 were
identified as factors that led to a shift in the labor market towards self-employment.
How did the pandemic affect job creation in India, according to the report?
Since 2019, the pace of creating regular wage jobs has slowed. The report stated that the
pandemic disrupted the pace of regular wage job creation, leading to higher growth in
distress employment, which refers to less stable or informal work.
What challenges does the report highlight regarding women’s participation in the workforce in India?
The report notes that the majority of women in India still remain outside the workforce
due to both supply-side and demand-side challenges. It suggests that despite
improvements, the connection between economic growth and quality job creation
remains weak for women in India.
“Embracing a One Health Framework to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance” Report
A new report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
has shed light on the health and economic consequences of antimicrobial resistance
(AMR). Titled “Embracing a One Health Framework to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance,” the
report, released on September 14, 2023, provides fresh evidence of the global impact of
AMR and offers recommendations to combat it. The report emphasizes that without a
robust One Health action plan, AMR levels will remain unacceptably high, leading to
thousands of deaths annually and increased pressure on healthcare systems.
What is antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and why is it considered a global public health issue?
AMR refers to the ability of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes to resist the effects of
antimicrobial drugs like antibiotics. It is a global public health issue because the overuse
and misuse of antibiotics in various sectors have led to growing resistance, rendering
these drugs less effective. This can result in prolonged illnesses, increased healthcare
costs, and even deaths when infections become untreatable.
How has the consumption of antibiotics in humans evolved, according to the OECD report?
The report indicates that the total consumption of antibiotics in humans has been
increasing modestly across OECD and EU/EEA countries and significantly across G20
countries over the last two decades. However, it is projected to remain steady in OECD
countries from 2015 to 2035. Meanwhile, consumption in EU/EEA and G20 countries could
decline by 3.3% and 6.2%, respectively, by 2035.
What are some of the key findings regarding antibiotic resistance proportions?
The report reveals that resistance proportions for 12 priority antibiotic-bacteria
combinations reached 20% in 2019, meaning that one in every five infections in OECD and
EU/EEA countries is due to organisms resistant to antimicrobials. High resistance
proportions, above 44%, were reported for India, Greece, and Türkiye (Turkey) in 2019,
and this high resistance is expected to persist until 2035.
What are the health and economic impacts of AMR, as highlighted in the report?
AMR is reported to cause approximately 79,000 deaths annually, which is 2.4 times more
than diseases such as influenza, tuberculosis, and AIDS in 34 OECD and EU/EEA countries.
Infections are majorly found in individuals aged above 65. Three bacterial
strains—Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus—are
responsible for three-quarters of AMR-related deaths. Healthcare-acquired resistant
infections account for about 60% of all deaths. Additionally, AMR leads to extended
hospital stays, costing the health system approximately $28.9 billion annually up to 2050
across these countries.
What are some of the policy interventions recommended in the report to combat AMR?
The report emphasizes a One Health approach and outlines 11 policy interventions,
including hospital-based and community-based plans that focus on areas such as hand
hygiene, antimicrobial stewardship, and rapid diagnostic tests. The report also highlights
measures outside human health, like food safety practices and biosecurity on farms, as
essential to addressing AMR. These interventions can provide substantial benefits,
including reductions in health expenditure and gains in workforce productivity.
How does the report assess the cost-effectiveness of policy interventions to combat AMR?
The report indicates that the return on investment for various policy measures to combat
AMR ranges from 2.3 to 24.6. It underscores that the benefits and gains in health
expenditure and workforce productivity are significantly higher than the costs of
implementing these measures. The report also considers policy packages, including
hospital-based, community-based, and mixed packages, with the potential to combat
infections, reduce deaths, and generate cost savings.
Over 1,200 Children Died in Sudan's Refugee Camps
United Nations agencies, including UNHCR and WHO, have reported that more than 1,200
children under the age of five have died from suspected measles and malnutrition in nine
refugee camps in Sudan’s White Nile State between May 15 and September 14, 2023. Over
3,100 suspected cases of measles were also recorded during this period. The conflict
between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces, which began in April
2023, has displaced over 2.9 million people within Sudan and to neighboring countries.
The UN has called for urgent funding to address the crisis.
What are the key factors contributing to the health crisis in Sudan’s refugee camps?
The health crisis is driven by suspected measles outbreaks, malnutrition, cholera, dengue,
and malaria in the refugee camps. Conflict, displacement, and a lack of access to
healthcare facilities and vaccinations have exacerbated the situation.
How has the conflict in Sudan impacted the healthcare sector and access to medical services in the
country?
The conflict has severely strained the healthcare sector in Sudan, leading to a shortage of
medical personnel, essential medicines, and equipment. Attacks on healthcare facilities
and personnel have disrupted the delivery of health services, further compromising
access to treatment.
What challenges has Sudan’s public health system faced?
Sudan’s public health system has suffered from years of underfunding, with nearly 70% of
health institutions lacking basic life-saving treatments. This has hampered the system’s
ability to respond effectively to health emergencies and crises.

What is the status of funding for the UN’s 2023 Sudan Humanitarian Response Plan?
The response plan remains only 30% funded. Additional funding is critical to provide
urgent assistance, including healthcare services, inside Sudan and across its borders, and
to prevent further deaths, especially among newborns.
Stalling of Progress Toward UN's Education for All Goal
A new report from UNESCO reveals that slow progress on achieving the United Nations’
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of education for all, combined with socio-economic
pressures and the mass exclusion of girls from education in Afghanistan, has widened the
global educational gap. The report states that there are now 250 million children not
enrolled in school, an increase of six million since 2021. The report emphasizes the urgent
need for action to protect the future of millions of children worldwide.
How does the report assess progress toward the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of
education for all?
The report assesses progress toward SDG 4, which focuses on quality education for all. It
highlights the need for significant increases in enrollment and teacher training to achieve
this goal.
What actions are required to meet the SDG 4 targets according to UNESCO?
UNESCO emphasizes the need to enroll 1.4 million children in preschool each year until
2030 and to nearly triple primary completion rates. Additionally, at least 58 million more
children, adolescents, and youth need to be enrolled in school, and 1.7 million more
primary school teachers need to be trained to provide quality education.
How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted education globally, according to the report?
The report notes that the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to education
and led to a 10% drop in adult participation in formal and non-formal education in 57
mainly high-income countries. The pandemic highlighted the challenges in maintaining
access to education during crises.
Which country stands out in terms of learning progress among low- and lower-middle-income countries,
according to UNESCO?
Among low- and lower-middle-income countries that measure learning progress at the
end of primary school, Vietnam is the only country where a majority of children achieved
minimum proficiency in both reading and mathematics, according to the report.
COVID-19 Pandemic Causes $2.6 Trillion Loss in Tourism Revenues
The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has released a report
highlighting the severe economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global tourism
industry. The report is titled “International Tourism Highlights, 2023 Edition – The Impact
of COVID-19 on Tourism (2020–2022)”.
How severely was the tourism industry impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the UNWTO
report?
The UNWTO report reveals that the tourism industry lost $2.6 trillion in export revenues
due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was one and a half times more than what it earned
in 2019. International tourist arrivals declined by 72% from 1.5 billion in 2019 to 400 million
in 2020.
How did the export revenues from international tourism change during the pandemic years?
In 2020, export revenues from international tourism dropped to 62% of pre-pandemic
levels, representing a loss of $1.1 trillion. This decline accounted for 44% of the global loss
in international trade in that year. Although there was a partial recovery in 2021 and 2022,
revenues remained significantly below 2019 levels.
How did the pandemic impact tourism’s contribution to global exports and GDP?
In 2019, revenues from international tourism accounted for 7% of global exports.
However, this proportion dropped to 3% in 2020 and 2021 before rebounding to 4% in
2022. The pandemic caused tourism’s contribution to global GDP, measured in tourism
direct gross domestic product (TDGDP), to decline from 4% in 2019 to 2% in 2020 and
2021. It then increased to 2.5% in 2022, as per preliminary estimates. In 2020, export
revenues plummeted to 62% of pre-pandemic levels, accounting for 44% of the global loss
in international trade.
What trends were observed in international tourist arrivals and export revenues in 2021 and 2022?
In 2021, international tourist arrivals increased by 12%, reaching 456 million. Export
revenues also rebounded slightly but remained 59% below 2019 levels at $761 billion. In
2022, 963 million tourists traveled internationally, more than double the number in 2021.
However, this was still 34% lower than pre-pandemic levels in 2019. Export revenues
reached $1.25 trillion, reflecting a 52% increase from 2021 but remained 34% below 2019
levels.
What is the overall economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism, as highlighted in the report?
The report states that the pandemic led to a loss of 2.6 billion international tourist arrivals
in 2020, 2021, and 2022, nearly double the arrivals recorded in 2019. Additionally, tourism’s
economic contribution, measured as tourism direct gross domestic product (TDGDP), was
halved from 4% of global GDP in 2019 to 2% in 2020 and 2021. It increased to 2.5% in 2022
according to preliminary estimates. The total loss in TDGDP over the three years
amounted to $4.2 trillion.
Agumbe Loses Rainfall Crown to Other Karnataka Towns
Agumbe Rainforest Complex (ARC) in Karnataka, famed for its high rainfall, has seen a
decline in its monsoon rainfall over the past two years, resulting in it losing its crown to
lesser-known towns in Udupi district.
What has been the historical significance of Agumbe Rainforest Complex (ARC)?
Agumbe Rainforest Complex, located in Karnataka, has been historically known for its
exceptional rainfall and was often referred to as the ‘Cherrapunji of the South.’ It gained
recognition for receiving over 8,000 mm of rainfall during the monsoon.
Why has Agumbe been losing its status as a high-rainfall area in recent years?
While ARC received its peak rainfall of around 6,000 mm during the monsoon months of
June and August in the past, recent years have seen this peak rainfall drop to a range of
5,250 mm to 5,500 mm. Some towns, such as Nadpal and Mudradi, located 45-50
kilometers away from ARC, have recorded higher rainfall in 2022, pushing Agumbe to the
third position in terms of rainfall in Karnataka. The installation of new rain gauges in
various locations has contributed to more accurate rainfall measurements.
What factors have contributed to other towns receiving higher rainfall than Agumbe in recent years?
Several places in the Western Ghats have been receiving more rain than Agumbe in the
past. Many of these places installed their own rain gauges in 2022, which started providing
more accurate rainfall measurements, contributing to their higher recorded rainfall.
What were the rainfall figures for Agumbe and other towns in Karnataka in 2022?
In 2022, Agumbe received 6,251.5 mm of rain. However, Nadpal recorded 6,391.8 mm of
rainfall, pushing Agumbe to second place, and Hulikal in Hassan district received 6,422.9
mm, placing Agumbe third in terms of rainfall in the state.
How has the changing rainfall pattern in Agumbe impacted its ecosystem and research activities?
Agumbe’s rainfall is vital for sustaining water bodies and rivers originating in the Western
Ghats. It also supports research activities, including biodiversity and hydrological studies.
Rain is essential for bamboo groves in the area, which serve as habitats for King Cobras.
Without adequate rainfall, these groves perish, affecting the local ecosystem and research
efforts.
September 22, 2023
GCES Web Portal and Mobile App
The GCES portal and app are significant as they leverage technology to enhance the
accuracy and timeliness of crop yield data, enabling better-informed agricultural decisions
and policies.
What are the key challenges addressed by the GCES Web Portal and Mobile Application?
The GCES platform addresses two critical challenges:
Delay in Reporting: The manual data collection process caused delays in reporting, which
will now be resolved through GPS-enabled mobile data collection.
Transparency: GPS coordinates ensure precise data collection, eliminating ambiguity and
data manipulation.
How does the GCES platform ensure data accuracy?
The GCES platform ensures data accuracy through:
Geo-referencing: GPS technology for precise geographic data.
Comprehensive Information: Detailed data on yield estimation, including village-wise
plans and crop weights.
What role do GPS-enabled devices play in the GCES process?
GPS-enabled devices provide precise location coordinates for data collection points,
linking data to specific geographic locations, enhancing transparency, and preventing
data manipulation.
What agencies are involved in conducting Crop Cutting Experiments (CCE) in different states?
The agencies involved in conducting CCE in different states include the Revenue
Department, Agriculture Department, and Directorate of Economics & Statistics.
When will the pilot rollout of the GCES platform take place, and in how many states?
The pilot rollout of the GCES platform is scheduled for the 3rd week of October 2023 and
will be implemented in 12 states initially.
ZSI Scientists Discover Pterygotrigla intermedica
Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered a new species of deep-
water marine fish in Digha Mohana, West Bengal. Named Pterygotrigla intermedica, it
shares similarities with species like Pterygotrigla hemisticta. This discovery marks the
fourth species of the Pterygotrigla genus reported in India and adds to the total of 178
species in the Triglidae family worldwide. The findings were published in the marine
science journal Thalassas on September 20, 2023.
To which family of marine fish does the newly discovered species belong?
The newly discovered species belongs to the family Triglidae, commonly known as
gurnards or sea-robins.
When was the new species of fish discovered, and how were the specimens collected?
The new species of fish was discovered on October 20, 2018, by a local fisherman. A total
of 24 specimens were collected during a study of by-catch components along the northern
part of the east coast of India.
What distinct characteristics set the newly discovered fish species apart from other gurnad species?
The newly discovered species exhibits distinct characteristics, including a distinct pectoral-
fin with black membranes on the inner surface, a white posterior margin, and three small
white spots basally in the fin. Additionally, each ray of the fin is creamy white. Other
distinctive features include a long opercular spine, a very short cleithral spine, a lateral
line, gill rakers on the upper limb, 12–13 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch,
and a large black blotch between the 4th and 6th spines of the first dorsal fin.
How many specimens have been preserved for further study?
A total of 23 specimens have been preserved at the ZSI’s Estuarine Biology Regional
Center, Gopalpur, and one specimen is stored in the Marine Fish Section, Kolkata, for
further study.
Indian Visa Services Suspended in Canada
In a recent development, Indian visa services in Canada have been temporarily
suspended. This suspension has significant implications for Canadian nationals planning
to visit India, encompassing tourists, business travelers, students, and family members of
Indian citizens.
The announcement of this suspension was made via the visa facility website of the Indian
High Commission in Canada. However, there are exceptions for certain individuals, such
as Indian-origin Canadians with valid Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) cards or long-term
Indian visas. For these individuals, lifetime entry and residence in India are assured.
Existing Visa Holders Unaffected
Canadians who already possess valid Indian visas need not be concerned about
disruptions. Their visas remain valid, ensuring that their travel plans to India proceed
without impediments.
OCI Cardholders vs. Long-term Visa Holders
OCI cardholders enjoy lifetime entry into India and the ability to live and work in the
country indefinitely. In contrast, individuals with long-term Indian visas have the right to
enter India, but the duration of their stay may be limited by the terms of their specific visa.
Duration of Suspension Uncertain
The duration of the suspension hinges on the evolving political and diplomatic relations
between India and Canada and is currently deemed temporary. At present, it is considered
a temporary measure, with no fixed end date.
Trudeau’s Allegation Sparks Crisis
The genesis of this crisis can be traced back to a statement by Canadian Prime Minister
Justin Trudeau. He suggested a “potential link” between individuals he referred to as
“agents of the Government of India” and the killing of Khalistani separatist Hardeep Singh
Nijjar in Canada.
Reciprocal Measures by Canada
While Canada has maintained that its visa services are open, the possibility of reciprocal
measures being imposed on Indians seeking Canadian visas remains contingent upon the
evolving political and diplomatic situation between the two countries.
TRAI Releases Recommendations on Low Power Small Range FM Radio Broadcasting
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has responded to a request from the
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) by issuing recommendations on “Issues
related to Low Power Small Range FM Radio Broadcasting.” This move opens up exciting
possibilities for various applications, including drive-in theaters, hospital radio services,
amusement parks, and local event commentary.
New Service Provider Category
Following an extensive consultation process, TRAI has unveiled its recommendations,
introducing a novel service provider category for “Low Power Small Range FM Radio
Broadcasting.” These recommendations also lay out essential details such as eligibility
criteria, permission periods, fees, and technical specifications. The goal is to streamline
the provision of low-power FM radio services for specific locations and reception areas.
Eligibility Criteria
Entities eligible to hold a license or registration for Low Power Small Range FM
Broadcasting encompass individuals over eighteen years of age, companies registered
under the Companies Act 2013 (including LLP and partnership firms), with exceptions such
as political parties, religious bodies, and individuals convicted by a court of any offense.
Permission Periods and Fees
Permissions can range from thirty days to five years. While no application or entry fee is
imposed, a fee of Rs. 1000/- is applicable for permissions lasting up to thirty days, and Rs.
10,000/- per annum for a five-year permission.
Frequency Assignment
Frequency assignment is facilitated by the Wireless Planning and Coordination (WPC)
through an online portal within two days of application submission. The maximum
allowable transmission range is 500 meters.

Transmission Technologies
License, registration, or authorization holders are free to employ any transmission
technologies, whether analog, digital, or other.
Licensed Area
The licensed area for frequency assignment is determined based on precise geographical
coordinates such as longitude and latitude, ensuring suitability for various locations like
buildings, stadiums, convention centers, expo areas, and more.
Mandatory Disclosure of Weekly Sugar Stocks
The Government of India has taken robust steps to maintain stable retail sugar prices
across the country. To counter hoarding and speculation in the sugar market, the
government has introduced a mandatory weekly stock disclosure system. Traders,
wholesalers, retailers, big chain retailers, and sugar processors are now required to report
their sugar stock positions every Monday on the Department of Food and Public
Distribution’s portal.
Ensuring Fairness and Affordability
This initiative is a vital part of the government’s strategy to ensure a fair and balanced
sugar market. By preventing hoarding and speculation, the government aims to keep
sugar affordable for consumers. The digital platform enables regulatory authorities to
closely monitor stock levels and take swift action against potential market manipulation.
Expecting Industry Cooperation
The government also expects full cooperation from sugar mills and traders in adhering to
relevant laws and monthly domestic quota norms. Strict measures will be taken against
those found violating these regulations.
Commitment to Consumer Satisfaction
With ample sugar stocks and the release of domestic sales quotas, the government is
committed to providing reasonably priced sugar to domestic consumers throughout the
year, including during festivals.
Empowering Regulatory Authorities
This initiative empowers regulatory authorities to closely monitor stock levels and take
prompt action against potential market manipulation, such as hoarding and speculative
transactions.
Benefits of Real-time Data
Real-time data on sugar stocks enables the government to make informed policy
decisions, respond promptly to market conditions, and mitigate the impact of rumors on
rising sugar prices for consumers and the industry.
Samudra Prahari’s Visit to Thailand
On September 20, 2023, the Indian Coast Guard’s Pollution-Control Vessel ‘Samudra
Prahari’ showcased its maritime proficiency during a comprehensive Pollution Response
Table-Top exercise and demonstration at Khlong Toei Port in Bangkok, Thailand. This
marked the culmination of the vessel’s four-day visit to Thailand, which aimed to foster
cooperation, address shared challenges, and promote environmental responsibility.

Promoting Regional Cooperation
The Pollution Response Table-Top exercise was the highlight of ‘Samudra Prahari’s’ visit.
It sought to tackle maritime pollution challenges and test Thailand’s Maritime Pollution
Response contingency plan in collaboration with the Indian Coast Guard. The exercise not
only demonstrated India’s commitment to regional cooperation but also facilitated
knowledge sharing among personnel from various Thai government agencies.
Yoga Session for Unity and Well-being
As a symbol of unity and well-being, a joint yoga session was held during the visit. It
emphasized the importance of yoga in daily life and further strengthened the bonds of
friendship and cooperation between India and Thailand.
Environmental Responsibility at Pattaya Beach
During their stay, ‘Samudra Prahari’ and representatives from the Embassy of India took
part in an international beach clean-up initiative at Pattaya Beach. This activity aligned
with the Puneet Sagar Abhiyan campaign, aiming to raise awareness about environmental
responsibility. The beach clean-up focused on removing plastic and waste materials from
the shore, involving local Thai youth organizations.
High-Level Discussions
Commanding Officer DIG GD Raturi engaged in discussions with Rear Admiral Wichnu
Thupa-ang, addressing the growing relations between India and Thailand in the realm of
maritime safety and security. Their meeting underscored the collaboration between the
Indian Coast Guard and Thai-MECC (Thai Maritime Enforcement Coordinating Center).
India’s Maritime Diplomacy
The visit of ‘Samudra Prahari’ in the context of the India-ASEAN Initiative of Overseas
Deployment highlights India’s commitment to maritime diplomacy. It showcases India as
a dependable maritime partner in the region, aligning with Prime Minister Narendra
Modi’s vision of ‘Security & Growth for All in the Region’ (SAGAR).
Significance of the India-ASEAN Initiative
The India-ASEAN Initiative of Overseas Deployment was announced by Defence Minister
Rajnath Singh during the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Plus meeting in Cambodia in
November 2022. This initiative underscores India’s dedication to enhancing maritime
cooperation with ASEAN nations, further strengthening regional ties.
EC: Aadhaar Number Not Mandatory for Linking with Electoral Roll
The Election Commission (EC) of India has clarified its stance regarding the use of Aadhaar
numbers in the electoral roll. The EC informed the Supreme Court that individuals are not
obligated to provide their Aadhaar numbers for linking with the electoral roll, and it is
considering making necessary adjustments to the enrolment forms to reflect this.
Rule 26-B and Non-Mandatory Aadhaar
The issue revolves around Rule 26-B of the Registration of Electors (Amendment) Rules
2022, which pertains to the provision of Aadhaar numbers by existing electors. The EC
emphasized that Rule 26-B does not make it mandatory for electors to submit their
Aadhaar numbers.
The Plea
The case emerged from a plea seeking the Supreme Court to direct both the Centre and
the EC to amend application forms for enrolment and updating of electoral rolls based on
the amended provisions/rules regarding Aadhaar authentication. It was contended that
making Aadhaar submission compulsory violated constitutional rights and privacy.
EC’s Response
In response to the plea, the EC stated that the submission of Aadhaar numbers is
voluntary. This clarifying stance aims to uphold individual rights and privacy while
allowing for optional Aadhaar linkage.
Supreme Court’s Order
In its September 18 order, the Supreme Court disposed of the plea and officially recorded
the EC’s statement. The Court acknowledged that Rule 26-B does not enforce the
mandatory submission of Aadhaar numbers. Additionally, the EC informed the Court of its
intention to make necessary changes to the enrolment forms to ensure clarity regarding
Aadhaar linkage.
Significant Aadhaar Numbers Uploaded
The EC shared that approximately 66.23 crore Aadhaar numbers had already been
uploaded during the finalization of electoral rolls. This reflects the extensive use of
Aadhaar in various government processes while respecting individual choices.
Fourth 'Nadi Utsav'
The fourth edition of ‘Nadi Utsav’ is set to take place from September 22nd to September
24th, 2023, on the picturesque banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi. Organized by the
National Mission on Cultural Mapping (NMCM) of IGNCA (Indira Gandhi National Centre
for the Arts) and the Janapada Sampada Division, this event is a vibrant celebration of
India’s diverse river culture and its profound significance in the nation’s heritage.
A Diverse Program
‘Nadi Utsav’ boasts a rich and varied program designed to captivate attendees of all
backgrounds. This includes:
Scholarly Discussions: Engaging conversations with environmentalists and scholars.
Film Screenings: Showcasing thought-provoking river-related documentaries and films.
Artistic Presentations: Eminent artists sharing their insights and talents.
Puppet Shows: Delightful performances for all ages.
Book Discussions: Exploring literary works centered around rivers.
Academic Sessions: In-depth discussions on various aspects of rivers and their cultural
significance.
Promoting Environmental Awareness
One of the central aims of ‘Nadi Utsav’ is to create environmental awareness and sensitize
people about the critical role rivers play in our ecology. Rivers hold a special place in
Indian culture, and this event seeks to honor this connection by documenting riverine
culture, traditions, rituals, and the profound wisdom associated with water.
Exhibitions Highlighting Diversity
The event features two special exhibitions: the ‘Sanjhi’ exhibition that showcases the
diversity of Ghats across India and a children’s paintings exhibition that captures the
artistic expressions of young minds. These exhibitions foster a deeper understanding of
river culture and its multifaceted significance.
Ministry of Agriculture Launches AI Chatbot for PM-KISAN Scheme
In a significant stride towards improving efficiency and accessibility, the Ministry of
Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare has introduced an AI chatbot integrated with the
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme. This AI-powered chatbot is
designed to provide farmers with swift, precise, and accurate responses to their inquiries
pertaining to the PM-KISAN scheme.
Developed with Support
The AI chatbot has been developed in collaboration with the EkStep Foundation and
Bhashini, organizations that have played crucial roles in its development and
enhancement. The chatbot’s primary objective is to assist farmers by offering information
related to their PM-KISAN application status, payment details, ineligibility status, and other
vital updates regarding the scheme.
Multilingual Support for Accessibility
Accessible through the PM-KISAN mobile application, the AI chatbot is a tech marvel that
offers multilingual support. Currently available in English, Hindi, Bengali, Odia, and Tamil,
it is on track to become available in all 22 official languages of India. This approach caters
to the linguistic and regional diversity of PM-KISAN beneficiaries, ensuring that
information is accessible to all.
Enhancing Farmer Experience
The launch of this AI chatbot marks a significant step in streamlining the PM-KISAN
scheme and making it more user-friendly. It empowers farmers with easy access to critical
information, improving their overall experience with the scheme.
Transparency and Empowerment
The integration of advanced technology, such as the AI chatbot, brings transparency to
government schemes, enabling farmers to make informed decisions regarding the PM-
KISAN scheme. It also serves as a platform for seeking assistance, ultimately enhancing
farmers’ access to vital government support.
State of the Rhino Report
A recent report from the International Rhino Foundation sheds light on the escalating
threat climate change poses to rhino populations in Africa and Asia. Beyond the persisting
challenges of poaching and habitat loss, climate change-induced droughts, floods, and
habitat disruptions are adding complexity to the conservation efforts aimed at protecting
these magnificent creatures.
African Rhinos Facing Challenges
In Africa, the black and white rhino populations are particularly vulnerable. Climate
disruptions, habitat degradation, and heightened competition for limited resources are
now complicating their conservation. Prolonged droughts disrupt rhino habitats, while
resource scarcity further strains these iconic species.
Asian Rhinos in Peril
In contrast, Asian rhinos, notably the Greater One-Horned Rhinos, face a different set of
climate-induced difficulties. Increased precipitation and prolonged monsoon seasons are
leading to issues such as stranding, drowning, and separation of calves from their
mothers. These challenges jeopardize their survival.
Poverty and Increased Poaching
The report also highlights a concerning trend: poverty resulting from climate-induced
crop loss and reduced livestock may drive individuals to resort to poaching as a source of
income. This economic desperation adds another layer to the complex conservation
puzzle.
Cascading Effects of Climate Change
Climate change’s impact on rhino populations goes beyond direct threats. It triggers
cascading effects, compounding existing risks. Habitat degradation facilitates the spread
of invasive species, reduces the availability of rhino food plants, and intensifies
competition for essential resources like water. Furthermore, prolonged dry spells increase
the risk of wildfires, causing further habitat loss.
Population Trends
According to the report, black rhino populations have shown a positive trend, with a 28%
increase in the past decade. In contrast, white rhino populations have experienced a
disheartening 24% decline since 2012. The Sumatran rhino population remains uncertain,
with isolated groups making tracking and conservation efforts challenging.
Global Rhino Population Estimate
As of the latest estimates, the global population of rhinos stands at slightly over 26,000
individuals.
Ongoing Poaching Threat
Despite these conservation efforts, poaching continues to be the most pressing threat to
rhino populations. South Africa, for instance, reported 231 rhino poachings in the first half
of 2023 and 448 in 2022, highlighting the persistent challenges in combatting the illegal
wildlife trade.
Delay in Airworthiness Certification for HTT-40 Basic Trainer Aircraft
Six months after the Indian Ministry of Defence entered a contract with Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to procure 70 HTT-40 basic trainer aircraft for the Indian Air
Force (IAF), concerns have emerged due to delays in obtaining full airworthiness
certification from the Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC). While
provisional airworthiness compliance has been granted, it comes with critical limitations,
leaving the complete airworthiness certificate pending.
HTT-40: Filling a Crucial Gap
The HTT-40 trainer aircraft plays a pivotal role in addressing a critical gap in the IAF’s pilot
training aircraft fleet. It is designed to provide a robust platform for training the future
generation of Indian Air Force pilots.

Induction Schedule in Jeopardy
Worryingly, the delay in obtaining full airworthiness certification has raised concerns
about the scheduled delivery of the HTT-40 aircraft. The IAF’s plan to begin their induction
into service in September 2025 now faces potential setbacks due to the certification
process.
Pilot Shortfall Challenge
The importance of the HTT-40 cannot be overstated. It comes at a time when the IAF is
grappling with a shortage of training aircraft, exacerbated by the grounding of the HPT-32
trainer aircraft. The HTT-40 is envisioned to be a solution to bridge this gap.
Certification Timeline
The certification process is expected to conclude by October 2023, shedding light on
whether the HTT-40 will meet the required airworthiness standards for operational use.
Responsible Body for Certification
In India, airworthiness certification for military aircraft falls under the purview of the
Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC), which operates as a

regulatory body under the Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO).
Previous Interim Arrangements
Before the introduction of the HTT-40, the IAF had made interim arrangements to address
the pilot training shortfall by procuring Pilatus PC-7 Mk II planes from Switzerland.
Advanced Features and Capabilities
The HTT-40 trainer aircraft boasts a range of modern features, including a state-of-the-art
glass cockpit, advanced avionics, a zero-zero ejection seat, and a maximum speed of 450
kilometers per hour. These features are designed to meet high safety standards, ensuring
the effectiveness of pilot training.
Political Declaration on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness, and Response
United Nations member states have come together to adopt a historic political declaration
aimed at enhancing global preparedness for future pandemics. The declaration
represents a collective commitment to prevent a repeat of the catastrophic health and
socioeconomic impacts experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preventing Future Catastrophes
The primary objective of this political declaration is to bolster global preparedness for
future pandemics. It acknowledges the urgent need to mitigate the far-reaching
consequences of pandemics and emphasizes the fair, equitable, and timely sharing of
information related to pandemic pathogens.
Promoting Equity in Information Sharing
One of the critical aspects of the declaration is the promotion of equity in sharing
information about pandemic pathogens. It calls for the just and equitable sharing of
benefits, including genomic sequences and information, through a multilateral system.
This approach aims to ensure that valuable data is accessible to all, facilitating a more
coordinated global response.
Addressing Health Worker Shortages
Recognizing the crucial role of health workers in pandemic response, the declaration
emphasizes the importance of addressing the worldwide shortage of healthcare
professionals. It calls on member nations to invest in the education and employment of
health workers while also highlighting the need to protect them from violence, attacks,
harassment, and discriminatory practices.
Harnessing Innovative Technologies
In response to the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, the declaration
advocates for the use of innovative technologies. This includes telemedicine and remote
mental health services to ensure equitable access to healthcare, particularly in
underserved regions. The declaration also underscores the significance of providing cost-
effective technologies and services to bridge healthcare gaps.
The Pandemic Accord: A Path Forward
An integral part of the declaration is the reference to the “Pandemic Accord,” a formal
agreement aimed at pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. This accord
represents a significant step forward in global cooperation. The declaration calls for
negotiations on the Pandemic Accord to be concluded by May 2024, signifying the urgency
with which the international community wishes to address future pandemics.
Criticisms and Responses
While the declaration has been hailed as a crucial step towards global pandemic
preparedness, some criticisms have emerged. Critics argue that the declaration lacks
concrete commitments and is overly rhetorical. Additionally, concerns have been raised
about its reliance on the World Health Organization (WHO) for pandemic response
actions, with some world leaders suggesting that UN forums may be more politically
influential.
Moreover, developing countries and the Group of 77 (G77) have voiced concerns
regarding equity, access to finance and healthcare, and social protection mechanisms.
Some argue that the declaration falls short of providing a clear pathway to achieve these
vital goals.
Study Links High PM2.5 Pollution Levels to Increased Breast Cancer Risk
A recent study conducted jointly by the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in the United States has revealed
a concerning connection between living in areas with high levels of fine particulate matter
(PM2.5) air pollution and an elevated risk of breast cancer.
Understanding PM2.5 and Its Health Significance
Particulate matter of 2.5 microns or smaller (PM2.5) refers to tiny airborne particles that
can pose significant health risks. Due to their small size, these particles can be inhaled
deeply into the lungs, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular problems. PM2.5 is a key
concern in the context of air pollution and its potential health consequences.
Research Methodology and Participants
The study drew on data from the NIH-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and
Health Study, involving a vast cohort of 500,000 participants from six states and two
metropolitan areas. These participants were enrolled in the study between 1995 and 1996.
Researchers estimated the historical annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 for each
participant’s residential area. The study monitored the incidence of breast cancer in this
population over a span of two decades.
Key Findings: PM2.5 Pollution and Breast Cancer Risk
The study’s findings unveiled a significant association between PM2.5 air pollution and
breast cancer risk. Specifically, women residing in areas with higher PM2.5 exposure levels
before joining the study exhibited an 8% increase in breast cancer incidence. This
suggests that long-term exposure to elevated PM2.5 levels may contribute to a
heightened risk of developing breast cancer.
The Relevance of Historic Air Pollution Levels
One noteworthy aspect of this research is the consideration of historical air pollution
levels. This approach is highly relevant because the development of breast cancer can be a
protracted process, often taking many years. By examining past exposure levels,
especially during periods of higher pollution, researchers gain valuable insights into the
potential role of air pollution in cancer development.
Examining ER+ and ER- Breast Cancer Tumors
To gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between PM2.5 and breast
cancer, the study evaluated estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-
negative (ER-) breast cancer tumors separately. The findings indicated that PM2.5
pollution was associated with a higher incidence of ER+ breast cancer but did not exhibit a
similar connection with ER- tumors. This suggests that PM2.5 pollution may affect breast
cancer risk through an endocrine disruption pathway, particularly for ER+ tumors.
Sources of PM2.5 Pollution and Regional Variations
PM2.5 pollution can originate from various sources, including natural factors like dust and
sea salt, as well as human activities such as vehicle emissions, industrial processes, power
plants, and biomass burning. PM2.5 concentrations can vary significantly across different
locations due to factors such as climatic conditions, the presence of pollution sources, and
dispersion patterns. Different regions may experience distinct combinations of pollution
sources contributing to variations in PM2.5 levels.
Germany Contributes €40 Million to Global Biodiversity Framework Fund
The government of Germany has made a significant commitment by pledging €40 million
to the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF). This momentous contribution was
announced during a high-level event at the 78th session of the United Nations General
Assembly.
Understanding the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF)
The GBFF stands as a pivotal financial mechanism designed to advance the objectives
outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Its significance lies in its
role in supporting initiatives dedicated to halting and reversing biodiversity loss, a
pressing global environmental challenge.
Funding Requirement for GBFF Operation
To become operational, the GBFF necessitated a total funding commitment of $200 million
from at least three donors by December 2023. Prior to Germany’s pledge, Canada and the
United Kingdom had already committed their financial support. However, a $40 million
funding gap remained, a gap that Germany’s €40 million pledge has now filled.
Goals and Targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
The central goal of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is to halt and
reverse biodiversity loss by the year 2030. This framework sets forth critical targets and
objectives aimed at conserving ecosystems, species, and the well-being of future
generations. Achieving these goals is vital due to the profound ecological, economic, and
societal implications of biodiversity loss.
Global Commitments and Pledges
The high-level event at the United Nations General Assembly was marked by several
significant commitments and pledges in the realm of biodiversity conservation. For
instance:
New Caledonia pledged to strictly protect 10% of its maritime space, totaling over
130,000 square kilometers of newly protected marine areas.
The Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Ecosystem Restoration Flagship project
unveiled plans for the restoration of 114,900 hectares of marine ecosystems across
Comoros, St Lucia, and Vanuatu.
The Community Land Rights and Conservation Finance Initiative (CLARIFI) secured €5
million from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and
Development (BMZ) to empower indigenous peoples and local communities in
decision-making related to nature conservation.
Empowering Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs)
The Global Biodiversity Framework emphasizes the critical role of indigenous peoples and
local communities (IPLCs) in biodiversity conservation. Their rights are explicitly
recognized in seven of the framework’s 23 targets. Nevertheless, IPLCs receive less than
1% of funding allocated for climate and biodiversity protection. In a significant move, the
German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) allocated €5
million to the Community Land Rights and Conservation Finance Initiative (CLARIFI). This
funding aims to strengthen the role of IPLCs by helping them secure land tenure rights
and achieve meaningful conservation outcomes.
UHC Progress Stagnates, Financial Protection Worsens: Report
A joint report by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Bank delivers
sobering news: progress towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has stalled
since 2015. The report also shines a light on the worsening financial protection for
individuals seeking health services.
Understanding Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
UHC is a crucial concept in the global health arena. It embodies the idea that everyone
should have access to the quality health services they need without being pushed into
financial hardship. Achieving UHC promises better health outcomes, poverty reduction
related to healthcare expenses, and equitable healthcare access.
Stagnation in Progress Since 2015
The WHO and World Bank report paints a concerning picture. As of 2021, over half of the
world’s population—equivalent to 4.5 billion people—remained without full coverage for
essential health services. The stagnation in UHC progress is linked to several factors:
Disparities in service coverage, with differences in attention and resources allocated
to health issues like infectious diseases compared to non-communicable diseases.
Challenges in reaching disadvantaged demographic groups, particularly those in
rural areas.
Escalating financial hardships borne by individuals and families due to out-of-pocket
health spending.
Financial Hardships and Out-of-Pocket Spending
The report’s findings underscore the global impact of out-of-pocket (OOP) health
spending. In 2019, OOP health expenses pushed approximately two billion people into
financial difficulty. Among these, a staggering 344 million individuals lived in extreme
poverty.
Mitigating OOP Health Spending
The report offers solutions to mitigate the impact of OOP health spending, particularly for
those on the brink of poverty. Recommendations include:
Reducing OOP health payments for individuals near the poverty line.
Exempting impoverished individuals from such expenses to safeguard against
impoverishment.
Increasing public health funding and improving its efficiency and fairness.
Minimizing or eliminating user charges, especially for primary care services, to
promote equitable access.
Progress Toward WHO’s Triple Billion Targets for UHC
The report reveals that the world is falling short of WHO’s ambitious Triple Billion targets
for UHC by 2025. Key challenges identified include the need to:
Expand access to primary care services, including outpatient medicines.
Decrease out-of-pocket spending, a major driver of financial hardship.
Increase public health funding.
Implement more equitable healthcare policies.
In conclusion, the joint WHO and World Bank report serves as a wake-up call. It highlights
the urgent need to revitalize efforts to achieve Universal Health Coverage, a goal vital for
improving global health, reducing poverty, and ensuring that no one faces financial ruin
when seeking essential healthcare services.
New Marine Tardigrade Species in Indian Waters
Researchers at the Cochin University of Science and Technology (Cusat) have unveiled an
exciting discovery—a new species of marine tardigrade. Named Batillipes kalami, this
minuscule creature was found off the southeast coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and has been
christened in honor of the late former Indian President and renowned scientist, A.P.J.
Abdul Kalam.
About Tardigrades
Tardigrades, often affectionately called “water bears,” are diminutive animals known for
their microscopic size and extraordinary resilience. They are captivating creatures due to
their uncanny ability to survive extreme conditions, including desiccation, extreme
temperatures, and even the vacuum of space.
The Uniqueness of Batillipes kalami
Batillipes kalami is no ordinary tardigrade. It has earned its distinction as the second
marine tardigrade species ever discovered in Indian waters and the first to be identified
on the east coast. Measuring an average of 170 micrometers in length, this species
features a trapezoid-shaped head adorned with filament-like appendages. It boasts four
pairs of legs, each equipped with sensory spines of varying lengths.
A Tribute to A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
The species name, Batillipes kalami, carries a profound meaning. It pays tribute to the late
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, India’s former President and a prominent scientist. The naming
choice reflects the fact that this new tardigrade species was discovered in proximity to Dr.
Kalam’s hometown, Rameswaram. This recognition underscores Dr. Kalam’s enduring
commitment to science and technology.
Expanding Our Understanding of Marine Tardigrades
The discovery of Batillipes kalami is not just about naming a new species; it adds to our
knowledge of marine tardigrade biodiversity within the Indian subcontinent. It
emphasizes the importance of dedicated research along the Indian coastline to uncover
the hidden world of these microorganisms. This naming also serves as a means to
increase awareness of marine biodiversity and scientific achievements in India.
The Challenges of Studying Marine Tardigrades
Marine tardigrades pose unique challenges to scientists. They are even smaller than their
terrestrial counterparts, requiring specialized microscopic techniques for observation and
analysis. Additionally, the taxonomy of marine tardigrades, particularly those in Indian
waters, remains relatively obscure, necessitating further research and taxonomic
descriptions to shed light on these fascinating creatures.
Dr. Swati Nayak Receives Prestigious Borlaug Award for Advancing Rice Seed Systems
Dr. Swati Nayak, an Indian scientist at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), has
been bestowed with the prestigious 2023 Norman E Borlaug Award for Field Research and
Application. This honor recognizes her groundbreaking work in establishing demand-
driven rice seed systems that engage smallholder farmers, with a special focus on climate-
resilient and nutritious rice varieties. Dr. Nayak, who leads the Seed System and Product
Management in South Asia at IRRI, will receive this award during a ceremony in Des
Moines, Iowa. This esteemed award is endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation and
underscores her significant contributions to food and nutrition security.
The Significance of the Borlaug Award
The Norman E Borlaug Award for Field Research and Application is a notable recognition
presented to young scientists under the age of 40. It celebrates their exceptional efforts in
enhancing global food and nutrition security while combating hunger. Dr. Swati Nayak’s
remarkable achievements make her a fitting recipient of this distinguished award.
Dr. Swati Nayak: A Trailblazer in Rice Seed Systems
Dr. Swati Nayak’s selection for the Borlaug Award is based on her extraordinary
dedication to bridging the gap between scientific knowledge and its practical application
for farmers. Her work has a profound impact on agriculture and farmers, particularly
smallholders. One of her outstanding accomplishments includes the establishment of a
national program that exclusively benefits women farmers in India. Her initiatives have
touched the lives of millions of women, empowering them in agriculture.
Areas of Focus in Dr. Nayak’s Work
At IRRI, Dr. Nayak leads the Seed System and Product Management in South Asia. She also
serves as the Global Lead for Rice and Co-lead for Cereal Seed Systems as part of the
SeedEqual initiative of CGIAR. Her extensive portfolio encompasses the rapid scaling up of
improved rice varieties, innovations in seed systems, and the integration of climate-smart
technologies. Her work directly addresses the formidable challenge of feeding an ever-
expanding global population in the face of climate change.
The Legacy of Dr. Norman Borlaug
The Borlaug Award holds a special place in recognizing young scientists’ contributions to
agriculture, food security, and the eradication of hunger. It is named in honor of Dr.
Norman Borlaug, a Nobel laureate celebrated as the chief architect of the Green
Revolution. Dr. Borlaug’s pioneering work in agricultural research and development
transformed food production worldwide, significantly contributing to the alleviation of
global hunger.
Aligning with Global Food Security Efforts
Dr. Swati Nayak’s work aligns seamlessly with the objectives of the Borlaug Award. Her
innovative approaches to addressing food security challenges, such as the development of
climate-resilient rice varieties and advancements in seed systems, have made substantial
contributions. These contributions have not only improved the livelihoods of smallholder
farmers but also strengthened global efforts to combat food insecurity and malnutrition.
RBI Proposes Transparent Mechanism for Declaring Wilful Defaulters
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced a robust and transparent mechanism for
the classification of wilful defaulters, aimed at strengthening accountability and making it
more challenging for defaulters to secure funding for future endeavors. This pivotal move
comes in response to a Supreme Court ruling earlier this year, which mandated that
lenders afford borrowers an opportunity to present their case before declaring an account
as fraudulent. The RBI’s draft master direction on the treatment of wilful defaulters and
large defaulters significantly widens the scope for regulated entities to classify borrowers
as wilful defaulters, ensuring a fair process and timely actions.
Expanding the Definition of Wilful Defaulters
Under the proposed guidelines, the RBI has broadened the definition of wilful defaulters
to encompass not only borrowers but also guarantors who fail to meet their financial
obligations despite having the capacity to do so. Additionally, borrowers who divert or
siphon off funds or dispose of collateralized assets without lender consent will be
categorized as wilful defaulters. The failure to infuse equity, despite possessing the
capability, will also warrant classification as a wilful defaulter.
Impact on Access to Credit and Debt Restructuring
The proposed guidelines introduce stringent measures affecting wilful defaulters’ access
to credit facilities and debt restructuring. Lenders, including banks and non-banking
finance companies, will be barred from extending additional credit facilities to wilful
defaulters or any entity linked to them. Furthermore, wilful defaulters will be ineligible for
debt restructuring, emphasizing the stringent approach toward such borrowers.
Responsibilities of Lenders
Lenders are mandated to formulate a non-discriminatory board-approved policy that
outlines the criteria for publishing the photographs of individuals declared as wilful
defaulters. This transparent policy serves to maintain the integrity of the process.
Additionally, lenders are required to include a covenant in credit agreements, preventing
borrowers from appointing individuals named on the list of wilful defaulters to their
boards.
Impact of the Supreme Court Ruling
The Supreme Court’s ruling earlier this year significantly influenced the process of naming
and shaming wilful defaulters. It introduced a critical step in the process by ensuring that
borrowers have an opportunity to represent themselves before facing wilful defaulter
declarations. This shift towards a more transparent and accountable process aligns with
principles of fairness and justice.
Sebi Enhances Transparency in Listing Rules for Non-Convertible Debt Securities
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) has made significant amendments to
the rules governing the listing of non-convertible debt securities issued by listed entities.
These changes, which come into effect on January 1, 2024, are designed to bolster
transparency in price discovery, offer more comprehensive disclosures to investors and
the market, and prevent confusion related to International Securities Identification
Numbers (ISINs) while mitigating the risk of potential mis-selling of unlisted bonds.
Listing Requirement for Non-Convertible Debt Securities
Under the newly amended rules, listed entities that have outstanding non-convertible
debt securities must list any subsequent issuances of such securities on stock exchanges.
This requirement ensures that all new issuances of non-convertible debt securities will be
subject to listing, offering greater transparency and accountability in the market.
Exemptions from Listing Requirement
However, Sebi has provided exemptions for certain types of issuances from the
mandatory listing requirement. These exemptions apply to capital gains tax debt
securities issued under Section 54EC of the Income Tax Act, non-convertible debentures
(NCDs) where parties have agreed to hold the securities until maturity, ensuring they
remain unencumbered, and NCDs issued in response to a court order or regulatory
mandate from financial sector regulators such as Sebi, RBI, IRDA, PFRDA, or IBBI.
Enhanced Disclosure Requirements
Listed entities seeking to issue non-convertible debt securities must adhere to new
disclosure requirements. They are now obligated to provide stock exchanges with
comprehensive details of these securities, including crucial information such as interest
rates and the maturity period. These measures aim to promote informed investment
decisions and offer increased clarity to investors.
Additional Recent Changes
In addition to the aforementioned amendments, Sebi has recently introduced a new
framework prohibiting listed entities with more than 200 non-qualified institutional buyer
holders of non-convertible debt securities from voluntarily delisting. Under this rule,
entities are required to secure consent from all holders of such securities within 15
working days upon receiving a delisting notification. This change reinforces investor
protection and streamlines the delisting process.
Meghalaya Launches CM Elevate Program
Meghalaya’s Chief Minister, Conrad K. Sangma, inaugurated the groundbreaking CM
Elevate program in Shillong, marking a significant step towards promoting
entrepreneurship, boosting employment, and driving economic development within the
state. The initiative, aimed at fostering innovation and self-reliance, seeks to create
entrepreneurship opportunities for more than 20,000 individuals across diverse sectors
over the next three years, with a substantial investment of approximately 300 crores.
Key Objectives
The CM Elevate program focuses on three key objectives:
1. Engagement: Encourage active involvement of the youth in entrepreneurship.
2. Employment: Create substantial job opportunities for the youth of Meghalaya.
3. Empowerment: Facilitate economic growth and development in the state.
Partnerships for Access to Credit
To empower aspiring entrepreneurs and mitigate credit risks, the government has forged
strategic partnerships with both public and private sector banks. These collaborations will
provide aspiring entrepreneurs with essential financial support, covering project costs
ranging from 35% to 75%. Such financial backing is expected to drive the success of the
program.
Job Creation Projections
The CM Elevate program anticipates generating approximately 700 direct employment
opportunities and a multitude of indirect jobs for the youth of Meghalaya. These
employment prospects aim to leverage the entrepreneurial spirit of the state’s youth,
thereby bolstering economic stability and development.
Sectors Highlighted
The program spotlights various sectors and departments, with notable schemes in
Tourism and Agriculture:
1. Tourism: Under the Tourism Department, initiatives such as the Green Villa Scheme,
Homestay Scheme, Motorhome Meghalaya Scheme, and Prime Tourism Vehicle
Scheme are set to provide substantial support to budding entrepreneurs in the
tourism sector.
2. Agriculture: In the Agriculture Department, the CM Elevate program promotes the
establishment of polyhouses by offering 50% financial aid. This initiative is designed
to encourage the cultivation of high-value vegetables and floriculture crops.
User-Friendly Application Process
A noteworthy feature of the CM Elevate program is its commitment to a user-friendly
application process. Entrepreneurs can take advantage of a single-window portal that
streamlines the application procedure. This portal provides access to various schemes and
support mechanisms, ensuring a seamless and efficient experience for aspiring business
owners.
September 23, 2023

International Lawyers’ Conference 2023
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to inaugurate the groundbreaking ‘International
Lawyers’ Conference 2023’ on September 23, 2023, in New Delhi. The event is scheduled to
commence at 10 AM at Vigyan Bhawan, with Prime Minister Modi addressing the
attendees.
First-of-Its-Kind Conference
The ‘International Lawyers’ Conference 2023’ is a landmark event organized by the Bar
Council of India, marking the first time such an initiative has been undertaken in the
country. The central theme of the conference is ‘Emerging Challenges in Justice Delivery
System.’
Exploring Crucial Legal Issues
Taking place on September 23rd and 24th, 2023, this conference serves as a vital platform
for insightful discussions on various legal matters of national and international
significance. It aims to facilitate the exchange of ideas, experiences, and the promotion of
international cooperation and understanding on legal matters. Some of the key topics to
be explored during the conference include emerging legal trends, challenges in cross-
border litigation, legal technology, environmental law, and more.
Distinguished Participants
The ‘International Lawyers’ Conference 2023’ is expected to draw participation from
distinguished judges, legal professionals, and leaders within the global legal community.
It promises to be a remarkable event that will contribute significantly to the advancement
of legal discourse and collaboration on both national and international levels.
Maiden India-Indonesia-Australia Trilateral Maritime Exercise and SIMBEX

Indian Navy’s indigenous warship, INS Sahyadri, stationed in the Indo-Pacific region,
actively participated in the inaugural trilateral Maritime Partnership Exercise alongside the
Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and the Indonesian Navy. The exercise took place on
September 20th and 21st, marking a significant collaboration among these maritime
nations.
Strengthening Partnership in the Indo-Pacific
The trilateral exercise aimed to bolster the partnership between India, Australia, and
Indonesia, fostering a collective effort to enhance stability, peace, and security in the Indo-
Pacific region. It offered an invaluable opportunity for the participating navies to share
their knowledge and expertise.
Enhancing Interoperability through Exercises
During the exercise, complex tactical and manoeuvring exercises were conducted, along
with cross-deck visits and cross-deck landings of integral helicopters. These activities were
designed to train the crew and improve interoperability among the participating naval
forces.
INS Sahyadri: A Pride of India
INS Sahyadri, the third vessel of the Project-17 class multirole stealth frigates, was
constructed at Mazagon Dock Ltd, Mumbai, and is under the command of Capt Rajan
Kapoor, as confirmed by the Ministry of Defence.
30th Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX)
As part of the 30th Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX), Indian Naval
Ships Ranvijay and Kavaratti, along with Submarine INS Sindhukesari, arrived in Singapore
on September 20th. SIMBEX, which has been an annual event since 1994 between the
Indian Navy and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN), is recognized as the Indian Navy’s
longest continuous naval exercise with any foreign nation.
Two Phases of SIMBEX-2023
SIMBEX-2023 comprises two phases: the Harbour Phase in Singapore from September
21st to 24th, followed by the Sea Phase. The exercise also includes the participation of the
Long-Range Maritime Patrol Aircraft P8I, alongside Ranvijay, Kavaratti, and Sindhukesari.
Boosting Interoperability and Understanding
The Harbour Phase will encompass a range of professional interactions, cross-deck visits,
Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEE), and sports fixtures, all aimed at improving
interoperability and mutual understanding between the two navies.
Enhancing Combat Capabilities
Both navies’ units will collaborate to enhance their combat capabilities and their ability to
carry out multi-discipline operations in the maritime environment.
Advanced Maritime Operations in the Sea Phase
The Sea Phase of SIMBEX 23 will feature advanced air defense exercises, gunnery firings,
tactical maneuvers, anti-submarine exercises, and various other maritime operations,
showcasing the naval prowess of both India and Singapore.
AMC’s Swachhata Train initiative

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) has embarked on a unique journey under the
Swachhata Pakhwada 2023 to raise awareness about waste management in their city.
Their creative approach, known as the ‘Swachhata Train’ initiative, aims to instill a culture
of cleanliness and waste management in Ahmedabad.
Educating and Engaging
The ‘Swachhata Train’ initiative has several key objectives. Primarily, it seeks to create
awareness about the importance of waste management and cleanliness. To achieve this,
AMC decided to educate both residents and visitors in an engaging and enjoyable
manner.
An Informative Joyride
The ‘Swachhata Train’ offers a delightful and educational journey to the Kankariya Lake
Front. Passengers on this train experience an informative ride, complete with engaging
displays and presentations on waste management. These elements are designed to make
learning enjoyable and memorable.
Impactful Messages
One of the most innovative aspects of the initiative is the specially designed messages.
Passengers receive plates and hand-bolts bearing impactful messages about waste
management. These tangible reminders aim to raise awareness and foster a sense of
responsibility among everyone in the city.
AMC’s Commitment to Innovation
The ‘Swachhata Train’ initiative reflects AMC’s unwavering commitment to innovation in
promoting cleanliness and waste management. It showcases their creative approach to
advancing the cause of Swachhata in Ahmedabad, and the citizens have embraced and
actively participated in this initiative.
Remarkable Impact
The impact of the ‘Swachhata Train’ initiative has been significant. It has greatly increased
awareness among residents and visitors about the importance of waste management and
cleanliness. Passengers actively engage with the educational materials, contributing to the
Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0. The initiative also inspires a sense of responsibility
among the city’s inhabitants and visitors, encouraging them to play an active role in waste
management.
A Model of Innovation
The ‘Swachhata Train’ initiative, under ISL 2.0 by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation,
demonstrates how imagination, innovation, and creativity can promote Swachhata
effectively. This transformative project not only raises awareness but also actively involves
residents and visitors in making Ahmedabad cleaner and more environmentally
responsible. It serves as proof of the power of innovative methods in bringing about
meaningful and lasting change in our communities.
India’s First Lighthouse Festival
The Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, which oversees lighthouses across
the nation, has unveiled a grand plan to transform 75 lighthouses into thriving tourist
destinations. This visionary initiative is part of the Lighthouse Heritage Tourism Plan and
marks the inaugural Lighthouse Festival of India, scheduled to take place in Goa from
September 23 to 25.
Promoting Lighthouse Heritage Tourism
The ministry is determined to promote lighthouse heritage tourism by revamping these
structures along the lines of their European and American counterparts, using the Public-
Private Partnership (PPP) model.
A Gathering of History Enthusiasts
Over the course of three days, the festival will bring together historians, archaeologists,
cultural anthropologists, and others with a passion for history and culture.
Attracting Investment and Visitors
This festival is described as a roadshow aimed at drawing investors to develop these
lighthouses and attracting tourists to these unique hubs. During the event, the ministry
will present its proposal for lighthouse heritage tourism and investment opportunities
across the initial 75 lighthouses.

Private Sector Interest
The event is expected to draw private sector investors, with senior government officials
from the Centre holding closed-door meetings to explore investment prospects.
Tourist Attractions Galore
For tourists, the festival promises cultural exhibitions spotlighting maritime history and
culture, classical music performances, captivating light and sound shows, and an array of
delightful cuisine.
A Part of ‘Bharat Pravah’ Initiative
The Lighthouse Festival is a vital component of the ‘Bharat Pravah’ initiative, which seeks
to underscore the profound influence and significance of rivers, ports, and shipping in
India’s daily life, particularly in terms of culture and history.
Haryana State Action Plan for Management of Paddy Stubble Burning
The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) anticipates a notable reduction in
paddy stubble burning cases in Haryana this year, thanks to a comprehensive state action
plan.
Bio-Decomposer Kits for Farmers
The Haryana government is gearing up to distribute Pusa bio-decomposer kits to farmers
free of charge, covering a substantial paddy cultivation area spanning 5 lakh acres. These
kits play a crucial role in decomposing crop stubble before the rabi crop is sown,
effectively curbing the practice of stubble burning.
Challenges in Paddy Cultivation
Haryana boasts an estimated 14.82 lakh hectares of paddy cultivation, resulting in a
significant generation of non-basmati paddy straw, totaling over 7.3 million tonnes.
Holistic Approach to Prevent Stubble Burning
Efforts to prevent stubble burning extend beyond the use of bio-decomposer kits. Farmers
are encouraged to clear fields using machinery and utilize straw as fodder. With a
substantial arsenal of over 80,000 crop residue management machines in the state,
effective utilization at the district level is a priority.
District-Level Action Plans
In addition to the state-level action plan, Haryana will implement district action plans to
tackle stubble burning in a more localized manner.
Addressing Hotspots
Haryana experienced minimal farm fires in nine out of its 22 districts in 2022. However,
districts such as Kaithal, Fatehabad, and Jind were identified as hotspots, with over 500
farm fire incidents. Other areas of concern include Kurukshetra, Karnal, Yamunanagar,
Sirsa, Ambala, and Hisar.
Identifying High-Risk Zones
A total of 147 villages in these districts have been marked as ‘red zones’ based on ‘active
fire locations,’ indicating six or more instances of active fires.
Financial Incentives to Tackle Stubble Burning
Haryana has introduced financial incentives to combat stubble burning. These incentives
encompass Rs 1,000 per acre for paddy crop residue management, Rs 7,000 per acre for
diversifying paddy cultivation with alternative crops, a grant of Rs 1,00,000 to ‘red zone’
panchayats for ensuring zero burning, transportation charges of paddy straw bales to
gaushalas at Rs 500 per acre (with an upper limit of Rs 15,000), and fixed procurement
rates of Rs 2,500 per tonne for paddy crop residue.
Monitoring and Data
The IARI real-time monitoring system, which relies on satellite data, reveals that Haryana
recorded only nine rice residue burning events from September 15 to 22 this year, a
significant reduction compared to the 3,661 instances observed in the state until
November 30 last year.
The 108-ft Adi Shankaracharya Statue Unveiled in Madhya Pradesh
A grand 108-foot-tall statue of the revered Hindu saint Adi Shankaracharya has been
unveiled in Omkareshwar, Khandwa district, Madhya Pradesh. This imposing structure,
known as ‘Ekatmata Ki Pratima’ or the ‘Statue of Oneness,’ is a testament to India’s rich
spiritual heritage.
Adi Shankaracharya: A Brief Overview
Adi Shankaracharya, who is believed to have lived between 788 and 820 AD, was born in
Kerala’s Kaladi, along the Periyar River. Renouncing his Brahmin background at an early
age, he embarked on a spiritual journey and reached Omkareshwar. Under the guidance
of his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada, he embraced Advaita Vedanta, challenging prevailing
philosophical traditions of his time, including Buddhism and Jainism.
In his short life of 32 years, Adi Shankaracharya traveled extensively across India, visiting
prominent spiritual centers. His scholarly contributions include commentaries on 10
Upanishads, the Brahmasutra, and the Gita.
Mandhata Island: A Spiritual Hub
Mandhata Island, situated on the Narmada River, is home to two of the 12 Jyotirlingas –
Omkareshwara and Amareshwara. It stands in proximity to the Mahakaleshwara
Jyotirlinga in Ujjain, forming an essential religious circuit. The island boasts ancient
Shaivite, Vaisnavite, and Jain temples dating back to the 14th and 18th centuries. The
name ‘Omkareshwar’ derives from the island’s resemblance to the sacred syllable ‘Om,’
signifying ‘the Lord of Omkara.’
Jyotirlingas: Manifestations of Shiva
Puranas narrate that Lord Shiva manifested as a Jyotirlinga, an endless pillar of light, with
12 such sites in India. Omkareshwar is one of them, each revered as a manifestation of
Shiva’s divine presence.
The Project’s Inception
The construction of the 108-foot-tall Adi Shankaracharya statue was announced by CM
Shivraj Singh Chouhan in 2017. A metal collection drive gathered materials from over
23,000 grama panchayats across the state. In June 2022, Larsen and Toubro were awarded
the Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) contract for the Statue of Oneness,
designed to stand for over 500 years.
Crafting the Monument
This multi-metal statue stands atop Mandhata Parvat hill, overlooking the Narmada River.
It rests on a 54-foot pedestal, supported by a 27-foot lotus petal base made of red stone.
Weighing 100 tons, it was conceived by Indian artists, sculptors, and engineers, with metal
casting done in China’s Nanchang city and then transported to Mumbai by sea. The
statue, composed primarily of bronze (88% copper, 4% zinc, and 8% tin), boasts a high-
quality steel internal structure.
Ekatma Dham and More
Accompanying the statue is Ekatma Dham, which includes the Advaita Lok museum,
showcasing Acharya Shankar’s life and philosophy through various exhibits. This complex
embraces diverse architectural styles, housing the museum, a wide-screen IMAX theatre,
and an audio-visual journey called Advaita Narmada Vihar.
Additionally, the Acharya Shankar International Institute of Advaita Vedanta, sprawling
over 22.1 hectares, aims to promote the study and understanding of Advaita Vedanta. The
institute comprises seven centers, including those for research, a library, an extension
center, and a gurukul.
Furthermore, a 36-hectare forest provides visitors with a tranquil meditation space,
completing this comprehensive spiritual endeavor.
The 108-foot Adi Shankaracharya statue in Omkareshwar, Madhya Pradesh, stands as a
remarkable tribute to a revered spiritual luminary and a testament to India’s enduring
spiritual heritage.
Varanasi International Cricket Stadium
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to visit Varanasi to mark a significant occasion as he
lays the foundation stone of the international cricket stadium in his constituency.
Key Highlights of the Project
Here are five crucial aspects of this remarkable project:
1. Foundation Stone Ceremony: At approximately 1:30 PM, Prime Minister Modi will
lay the foundation stone of the stadium. The modern sports facility, spanning 30
acres in Varanasi’s Ganjari, aims to provide world-class infrastructure for sports.
2. Architectural Inspiration: The stadium’s architectural design will draw inspiration
from Lord Shiva. It will feature distinctive elements, including trident-shaped
floodlights, crescent-shaped roof covers, ghat steps-based seating, and Bilvipatra-
shaped metallic sheets on the facade.
3. Cost and Investment: The Uttar Pradesh government has allocated ₹121 crore for
land acquisition. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) will invest ₹330 crore
in constructing the stadium, which is expected to accommodate 30,000 spectators.
4. Esteemed Guests: The ceremony is anticipated to witness the presence of renowned
cricketers such as Sachin Tendulkar, Sunil Gavaskar, Ravi Shastri, and other
luminaries. BCCI officials, including President Roger Binny, Vice President Rajiv
Shukla, and Secretary Jay Shah, are also expected to attend.
5. Unique Seating Design: The stadium’s spectator seating area will emulate the iconic
steps of Varanasi’s ghats. Located in the Rajatalab area near the Ring Road, the
stadium is scheduled for completion by December 2025.
China's Dominance in Low-Carbon Hydrogen Production
A recent report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) reveals that by the end of
2023, China is poised to exert significant control over the global installed capacity of
electrolysers dedicated to low-carbon hydrogen production. This remarkable development
comes despite a slowdown in new projects due to inflationary pressures.
China Takes the Lead in Electrolyser Deployment
China has made impressive strides in the deployment of electrolysers, signaling a notable
shift in the global landscape. The IEA’s report on hydrogen highlights China’s emergence
as a frontrunner in the field.
In 2020, China accounted for a mere 10 percent of the world’s electrolyser capacity.
However, by the end of 2023, it is projected to control a staggering 50 percent, equivalent
to 1.2 gigawatts, of the global capacity.
The Role of Electrolysers in Green Energy Transition
Electrolysers are critical devices in the green energy transition. They facilitate the
industrial separation of hydrogen and oxygen within water molecules, powered by
electricity derived from renewable sources such as solar, wind, or nuclear energy.
These devices are indispensable in replacing conventional methods of industrial hydrogen
production, which rely on methane gas—a process linked to the petrochemical industry
and associated with both cost-efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions.
Low-Carbon Hydrogen Production Potential
The IEA envisions the production of low-carbon hydrogen reaching 38 million tonnes by
2030, provided that all announced projects are successfully executed. This optimistic
outlook aligns with the global shift towards cleaner energy sources.
Challenges on the Horizon
Despite the promising growth in low-carbon hydrogen production, the IEA underscores
some challenges. Rising equipment costs due to inflation have placed certain projects at
risk and have diminished the impact of government support for deployment.
Several projects have had to revise their initial cost estimates upward, by as much as 50
percent, according to the IEA.
Additionally, the slow transition from traditionally produced grey hydrogen to green
hydrogen remains a concern on a global scale. Low-emission hydrogen constituted less
than one percent of global demand in 2022, contributing to 900 million tonnes of
equivalent carbon dioxide emissions.
A Call for International Cooperation
The IEA advocates for greater international collaboration to prevent market fragmentation
and promote the broader adoption of low-carbon hydrogen. While progress has been
made, the utilization of low-emission hydrogen still falls short of the levels required to
meet climate goals, underscoring the need for continued efforts in this crucial area of
sustainable energy production.
September 25, 2023
Upgradation at Tezu Airport
Union Civil Aviation Minister Jyotiraditya M Scindia inaugurated the newly upgraded Tezu
airport in Arunachal Pradesh’s Lohit district on Sunday. This significant development
marks a historic day for the region and is expected to boost economic activity and
connectivity in the Northeast.
Key Highlights
The capital investment of this project is Rs 170 crore and it spans across a 40,000
square foot area.
The project includes runway extension, a modern apron, a new terminal building,
and a fire station with an Air Traffic Control (ATC) Tower.
The upgraded terminal can accommodate 300 passengers at peak hours and can
handle two ATR aircraft simultaneously.
The runway has been extended to 1,500 meters to accommodate larger aircraft.
The terminal building showcases local art and culture, adding to its beauty and
significance.
About Tezu Airport
Tezu Airport, initially operationalized in 2018 under the RCS UDAN scheme, has undergone
a significant transformation. It will be the fourth in Arunachal Pradesh to operate civil
flights, contributing to the economic development of the region.
Tezu Airport is currently connected to Dibrugarh, Imphal, and Guwahati through regular
scheduled flights by Alliance Air and Flybig airline. This enhanced connectivity is expected
to facilitate travel and trade in the region.
About Tezu
Tezu is a town on the banks of the Lohit River and serves as the headquarters of the Lohit
district in Arunachal Pradesh. Known for its natural beauty, the town is surrounded by lush
green forests and picturesque hills.
India Wins Medals in Rowing at 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games
The Indian contingent at the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games made a remarkable start by
clinching medals in rowing events. Arvind Singh and Arjun Lal Jat secured a silver in the
men’s lightweight double sculls, while Babu Lal Yadav and Lekh Ram claimed bronze in
the men’s pair final. Additionally, India’s men’s eight team displayed an impressive
performance, securing a silver medal, bringing the total medal count to three in the sport
and five overall for India.
Men’s Lightweight Double Sculls Silver
Arvind Singh and Arjun Lal Jat won silver in the men’s lightweight double sculls.
China’s Fan Junjie and Sun Man initially took the lead, but Arvind and Arjun kept
pace.
India closed the gap to 1.80 seconds at the halfway mark.

Despite their strong effort, the Indian duo finished 5.02 seconds behind China.
Arvind and Arjun had set their sights on gold but faced training setbacks due to
injuries.
They expressed determination to aim for gold at the Paris Olympics and the 2026
Asian Games.
Arvind and Arjun’s Rowing Journey
Arvind and Arjun represented India in rowing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, finishing
11th.
They temporarily split after Arjun gained weight, but they reunited, leading to their
silver medal win.
Arvind won gold in the 2022 nationals, while Arjun and Ravi secured silver in the
double sculls.
Their partnership began at the 2018 Asian Games when they formed a strong bond
while on the reserve team.
Both come from humble backgrounds, growing up assisting their families on farms
before joining the Indian army.
Men’s Pair Bronze
Babu Lal Yadav and Lekh Ram secured bronze in the men’s pair final.
They maintained a consistent performance throughout the race.
The Indian pair initially held the third position, with Hong Kong and Uzbekistan
ahead.
Hong Kong ultimately claimed gold, with India narrowly missing silver against
Uzbekistan.
Men’s Eight Team Silver
India’s men’s eight team won silver in the men’s eight race, with China taking gold
and Indonesia securing bronze.

India started in lane four and was third at the first 500m.
They steadily closed the gap on China and Indonesia, coming within 2.20 seconds of
the Chinese rowers.
Although India made a strong push, China secured the gold with a late surge, leaving
India with a well-deserved silver.
Goa State Shack Policy 2023-2026
The Goa government has recently approved the ‘Goa State Shack Policy 2023-2026,’
allowing the erection of temporary beach shacks, deck beds, and umbrellas for the
upcoming three tourist seasons. Beach shacks, made from eco-friendly materials, have
been a popular attraction for tourists in Goa. This policy aims to regulate their operation,
but it has sparked concerns among traditional shack owners.
Policy Overview
The policy permits unemployed individuals of Goan domicile to operate ‘temporary’
beach shacks during the peak tourist season from September 1 to May 31.
By June 10, all shacks must be dismantled.

North Goa is allowed 259 shacks, and South Goa can have 105 shacks.
Shack licenses are allocated through a draw of lots based on experience categories,
with one shack per family.
Changes in the New Policy
Age Clause Controversy: The policy initially included an age clause, limiting
applicants’ age to be between 18 and 60. This raised concerns among traditional
shack holders, leading to protests. The government decided to remove this clause
after discussions with shack owners.
Experience Criteria: The eligibility criteria for experience have been relaxed, with
90% of shacks to be allotted to those with at least one year of experience and 10% to
newcomers.
Mandatory Goan Cuisine: To address complaints about missing Goan food in
shacks, the new policy makes it mandatory for shacks to serve Goan cuisine.
Digital Coast Proposal: The policy proposes a ‘Digital Coast’ where shack allottees
will use POS (point of sale) machines for digital transactions.
Increased Penalties: Penalties for subletting a shack have been raised from Rs 10
lakh to Rs 25 lakh. A fine of Rs 10,000 will be imposed for unhygienic toilets.
Keri Beach Exclusion: South Goa’s Keri beach will not have beach shack allotments
in the 2023-24 season due to ongoing beach erosion protection work by the Water
Resources Department.
Concerns Raised by Shack Owners
Retirement Age: Shack owners criticized the age limit clause, stating it was an
attempt to push out traditional shack operators. The government later removed this
clause.
Experience Requirements: While the policy claims to help newcomers by relaxing
experience criteria, shack owners argue that operating a shack requires expertise
and know-how.
Cleanliness Definitions: The policy lacks clear definitions of cleanliness standards,
making it subjective and prone to arbitrary fines.
Financial Barriers: The cost of setting up a shack is substantial, and unemployed
individuals may struggle to secure the necessary funds. Shack owners suggest
subsidies or loan schemes.
Legal Heirs’ Rights: The policy restricts the rights of legal heirs to operate a shack
for only one tourist season after the allottee’s death.
Picket Fencing: Shack owners are concerned that picket fencing, a requirement
under the policy, will hinder the movement of tourists and fishermen on the beach.
Timeline for Shack Setup
Ideally, provisional licenses should be issued at least a month before the tourist
season begins.
However, as of late September, the process is behind schedule, and shack owners
are facing delays in setting up their establishments due to pending discussions and
permissions.
ASEAN Defence Meeting Plus Counter-Terrorism Exercise
An Indian Army contingent embarked on a journey to Russia to participate in the ASEAN
Defence Ministers Meeting Plus Expert Working Group on Counter Terrorism. This
significant event, known as the Counter Terrorism Field Training Exercise (FTX) 2023, is
scheduled to take place from September 25th to September 30th. The Ministry of Defence
issued a statement announcing their participation.
Participation in Counter Terrorism FTX 2023
The Indian Army Contingent, consisting of 32 personnel from a Battalion affiliated
with the RAJPUTANA RIFLES, has departed for the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting
(ADMM) Plus Expert Working Group (EWG) on Counter Terrorism Field Training
Exercise (FTX) 2023 in Russia.
Russia is hosting this multinational joint military exercise as a co-chair of the EWG,
along with Myanmar.
The event follows a Table Top Exercise of the ADMM Plus EWG on Counter-Terrorism
held in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar, from August 2nd to August 4th.
A Platform for Regional Cooperation
Since 2017, the ADMM Plus convenes annually to facilitate dialogue and cooperation
among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and Plus countries.
The inaugural ADMM Plus took place in Ha Noi, Vietnam, on October 12, 2010.
This year, ASEAN member states and the Plus Group will participate in the exercise,
fostering regional collaboration in counter-terrorism efforts.
Objective of the Exercise
The Counter Terrorism FTX 2023 encompasses various counter-terrorism drills,
including operations to eliminate terrorist groups in fortified areas.
The primary aim of the exercise is to enhance and promote regional cooperation in
the field of counter-terrorism.
It provides the Indian Army with an opportunity to share their expertise and best
practices in counter-terrorism operations while strengthening cooperation among
the other 12 participating countries.
Looking Forward to Professional Growth
The Indian Army anticipates a valuable and enriching professional experience from
its participation in the exercise.
The Ministry of Defence expressed its enthusiasm for the event, emphasizing the
importance of sharing knowledge and working together to combat terrorism
effectively.
Rediscovery of Ilex sapiiformis
In a remarkable discovery, scientists have rediscovered a species of small holly tree in
Brazil that had not been seen for nearly two centuries. The tree, known as ‘Ilex
sapiiformis’ or the Pernambuco holly, was feared to be extinct until an expedition in the
urban city of Igarassu, Pernambuco state, recently found it. Conservationists and experts
consider this rediscovery to be an extraordinary and significant find.
The Pernambuco Holly: A “Most Wanted Lost Species”
The Pernambuco Holly, also called the Pernambuco holly, was included in the list of
“top 25 most wanted lost species” by Re:wild, a conservation group.
The list comprises species that have been missing from scientific observation for at
least a decade, with many believed to be extinct for much longer.
This effort to rediscover lost species is part of a global initiative launched by Re:wild
and experts from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Rediscovery and Identification
An expedition team spent six days exploring the Igarassu region, where the tree was
last seen, with the hope of locating the species.
The team successfully identified four different Pernambuco Holly trees by
recognizing their tiny white flowers.
Despite the urbanization of Igarassu over the years, the area was once covered by
dense tropical forests.
Conservation and Breeding Program
The research team’s next objective is to launch a breeding program for the
Pernambuco Holly.
The mission is far from over, as the team aims to conduct additional searches in
collaboration with local partners to locate more individuals of the species.
The ultimate goal is to protect the forests where the Pernambuco Holly was found
and establish a captive breeding program to ensure the tree’s survival.
India-UN Capacity Building Initiative
India and the United Nations have joined forces to initiate a collaborative capacity-
building effort aimed at operationalizing development-focused objectives from India’s
G20 Presidency. This initiative seeks to share India’s best practices with partner countries
in the Global South. Announced during the event ‘India-UN for the Global South-
Delivering for Development,’ the initiative reinforces India’s commitment to South-South
cooperation and the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Operationalizing G20 Deliverables
The “India-UN Capacity Building Initiative” is designed to put into action
development-oriented outcomes of India’s G20 Presidency, including the G20 Action
Plan for Accelerating Progress on the SDGs and advancements in technology and
digital public infrastructure.
This initiative will significantly contribute to global efforts aimed at achieving the
SDGs by strengthening South-South Cooperation.
It reflects India’s dedication to enhancing its development partnership with nations
in the Global South.
Inclusive G20 Presidency
The initiative also builds upon India’s successful G20 Presidency, which emphasized
the inclusion of the Global South’s perspective in the G20 agenda.

Notably, the African Union became part of the G20 during India’s Presidency.
Sharing India’s Development Expertise
The initiative’s core objective is to share India’s development experiences, best
practices, and expertise with partner countries in the Global South through capacity-
building and training programs.
It leverages India’s Technical and Economic Cooperation platform to disseminate its
development experiences and practices worldwide.
Key Collaborators
The UN India team and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation will partner to harness
India’s Technical and Economic Cooperation platform for sharing India’s
development experiences globally.
A Joint Declaration of Intent was exchanged between UN Resident Coordinator in
India Shombi Sharp and India representative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Hari Menon during the event.
Building on Bilateral Cooperation
The ‘India-UN Capacity Building Initiative’ complements India’s existing bilateral
cooperation in development and capacity building with partner countries.
It aligns with the India-UN partnership through the India-UN Development
Partnership Fund, which has supported 75 development projects in 61 countries over
the past six years.
Arogya Manthan 2023
The National Health Authority (NHA), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, is hosting
‘Arogya Manthan’ to commemorate five years of the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri
Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) and two years of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission
(ABDM). This two-day event, taking place on September 25th and 26th, 2023, at Vigyan
Bhawan, New Delhi, will feature in-depth discussions and deliberations on the challenges,
trends, and best practices associated with these two transformative healthcare initiatives.
The event will witness active participation from policymakers from States and Union
Territories, national healthcare experts, representatives from academia, think-tanks,
industry, and media.
Achievements of Ayushman Bharat Health Schemes
Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY, launched on September 23, 2018, has made a significant impact
by providing 5.5 Crore free hospitalizations worth Rs. 69,000 Crore. It has ensured good
health for millions of underprivileged families while shielding them from catastrophic
healthcare expenses.
ABDM, initiated on September 27, 2021, aims to create a digital ecosystem connecting
various stakeholders in healthcare. In two years, it has generated over 45 Crore Ayushman
Bharat Health Accounts (ABHA) and linked more than 30 Crore health records to these
accounts. The scheme harnesses digital technologies to bolster healthcare delivery.
Both flagship healthcare schemes are geared toward delivering accessible, available,
affordable, and scalable healthcare to realize the vision of Universal Health Coverage
(UHC) in India.
Key Event Highlights
‘Arogya Manthan’ will feature insightful panel discussions and interactive sessions
focusing on various aspects of AB PM-JAY and ABDM.
Topics include ‘Universal Health Coverage, Convergence, and Digital Health,’ among
others related to the implementation of these schemes.
The sessions will be live-streamed on NHA’s social media handles.
Recognition for Outstanding Contributions
NHA will acknowledge the best-performing States & Union Territories and health facilities
during the event. Kerala has received the ‘Arogya Manthan 2023’ award for the third
consecutive time for providing free medical treatment to the highest number of
individuals in the country, particularly through the Karunya Arogya Suraksha Scheme
(KASP). The southern state also earned recognition for offering exceptional services to the
visually impaired under AB-PMJAY.
India Achieves 75% ODF Plus Villages Milestone Under Swachh Bharat Mission
India has reached a significant milestone in the Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) Phase
II, with 75% of its villages attaining the ODF Plus status. An ODF Plus village maintains its
Open Defecation Free (ODF) status while implementing solid or liquid waste management
systems. This achievement marks a substantial step towards fulfilling the Phase II
objectives of the SBM-G, set to be achieved by 2024-25.
Top-Performing States and Union Territories
Several top-performing States and Union Territories have achieved 100% ODF Plus
villages, including Andaman & Nicobar Islands, D&N Haveli, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh, Puducherry, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu,
Telangana, and Tripura. Some, like Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra Nagar Haveli &
Daman Diu, Jammu & Kashmir, and Sikkim, have also achieved 100% ODF Plus Model
villages, showcasing exceptional progress.
SBM-G Phase-II Objectives
SBM-G Phase-II aims to make all villages ODF Plus by 2025. Out of the 4,43,964 ODF Plus
villages achieved so far, 2,92,497 are ODF Plus Aspiring villages with solid or liquid waste
management arrangements. Additionally, 55,549 villages are ODF Plus Rising villages, with
arrangements for both solid and liquid waste management, while 96,018 villages are ODF
Plus Model villages. Overall, 2,31,080 villages have solid waste management
arrangements, and 3,76,353 villages have liquid waste management arrangements.
Ninth Anniversary of Swachh Bharat Mission
This year marks the ninth anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Mission. Achieving 75% ODF
Plus villages represents a significant milestone as the country transitions from ODF to ODF
Plus under Swachh Bharat Mission Phase II. Phase-II focuses on sustaining ODF status,
managing solid and liquid waste, plastic waste management, faecal sludge management,
GOBARdhan, Information Education and Communication/Behavior Change
Communication, and capacity building.

Budget Allocation and Utilization
The total budget allocation for SBM Phase II is 1.43 lakh crores, with substantial
contributions from the 15th Finance Commission funds and MGNREGA. The central share
allocation for SBM-G in 2023-24 is Rs.7,192 Crore, with states planning an expenditure of
22,264 cr from all sources this year. Funds have been used to build sanitation assets,
promote behavior change, and implement waste management systems.
Swachhata Hi Seva Campaign
This achievement aligns with the ongoing Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign, celebrated
annually from September 15th to October 2nd. SHS-2023, themed ‘Garbage Free India,’
has seen significant community participation through activities like Shramdaan (voluntary
labor). Over 5 crore people have participated, with 2.05 crore individuals contributing to
Shramdaan activities, including cleaning various sites.
Acknowledgment and Commendation
The Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, commends the
contributions of villages, Gram Panchayats, Districts, States/UTs in this remarkable
achievement. It reflects India’s unwavering commitment to achieving cleanliness and
efficient waste management across the nation.
India Smart Cities Conclave 2023
The India Smart Cities Conclave, organized by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, is
set to take place at the Brilliant Convention Centre in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, on
September 26 and 27. This event will bring together all 100 smart cities in India, leading a
transformative shift in city development through urban innovation. The Conclave serves
as a platform for these cities to highlight their exemplary work under the Smart Cities
Mission and shape the future of urban transformation in the country.
India Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC) 2022
One of the highlights of the Conclave is the felicitation of the winners of the fourth edition
of the India Smart Cities Award Contest (ISAC) 2022. Organized under the Smart Cities
Mission since 2018, ISAC recognizes pioneering city strategies, projects, and ideas,
facilitating peer-to-peer learning and sharing best practices in urban development.
Event Highlights
Day 1: Inauguration of an exhibition showcasing the award-winning projects under ISAC
2022 and smart cities, dialogues with CEOs of smart cities, and site visits to iconic projects
in Indore and Ujjain.
Day 2: Distribution of ISAC 2022 awards to 5 States/UT, 31 unique cities, and 7 partner
organizations, totaling 66 winners. The Smart Cities Mission will release reports, including
the ISAC 2022 award compendium, a report by UN-Habitat on localizing Sustainable
Development Goals, a compendium of newsletters, and an ISAC 2023 award pamphlet.
The day will conclude with a cultural program.
Smart Cities Mission
Launched on June 25, 2015, the Smart Cities Mission aims to provide core infrastructure, a
clean and sustainable environment, and a high quality of life to urban citizens through
smart solutions. It is a transformative initiative designed to revolutionize urban
development in India. To date, over 6,000 projects worth more than Rs 1.1 lakh crore have
been completed, with the remaining projects set for completion by June 30, 2024.
Tigist Assefa Shatters Women's Marathon World Record in Berlin
In a historic marathon performance, Ethiopian runner Tigist Assefa redefined the
boundaries of what was believed possible in the women’s marathon by obliterating the
world record during the Berlin Marathon. Assefa’s remarkable achievement, completing
the 26.2-mile race in an astonishing time of 2 hours, 11 minutes, and 53 seconds, left
spectators in awe.
Breaking Records
The 26-year-old Ethiopian shattered the previous women’s marathon world record, set by
Brigid Kosgei in 2019, by an astounding 2 minutes and 11 seconds. Assefa’s incredible feat
not only set a new standard but also hinted that she might be capable of even faster times
in the future.
The Supershoe Wars Continue
Assefa’s record-breaking run reignited the debate surrounding elite marathon shoes. She
wore the new Adizero Adios Pro Evo 1s by Adidas, which the company claims are equipped
with groundbreaking technology that pushes the limits of racing footwear. Despite their
hefty price tag of £400, these shoes are likely to find numerous buyers eager to
experience their performance benefits.
Focus on Tigist Assefa
While the lead-up to the Berlin Marathon had centered on Kenyan legend Eliud Kipchoge’s
quest to break his own men’s world record, Assefa’s extraordinary achievement took
center stage. Kipchoge secured his fifth Berlin title, winning by 31 seconds in a time of 2
hours, 2 minutes, and 42 seconds, the fifth-fastest of his career.

Assefa’s Remarkable Run
During the early stages of the women’s race, a group of 12 runners maintained a pace
faster than the world record. However, between the eighth and tenth miles, Assefa
accelerated, leaving behind all but her pacemakers. She reached the halfway point in 1
hour, 6 minutes, and 20 seconds, putting her on course to shatter the world record by
over a minute. Assefa continued to increase her pace in the second half of the race,
solidifying her place in history.
A Remarkable Journey
Assefa’s performance is made even more remarkable by the fact that she ran her first
marathon just last year, clocking a modest time of 2 hours, 34 minutes, and 1 second in
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, due to health issues. However, her surprise victory at the 2022 Berlin
Marathon, with a time of 2 hours, 15 minutes, and 37 seconds, foreshadowed her world-
record-breaking achievement.
World’s Oldest Wooden Structure
Archaeologists have made a remarkable discovery near the border of Zambia and
Tanzania, unearthing what is believed to be the world’s oldest known wooden structure.
This ancient wooden creation, found along a riverbank in Zambia, offers fascinating
insights into the ingenuity and resourcefulness of our distant ancestors.
The Structure
The structure consists of two interlocking logs from a large-fruited willow tree. One log
rests atop the other, secured by a notch in its underside. Archaeological evidence
indicates that these logs were meticulously carved, shaped, and shaped using sharp stone
tools. The structure is estimated to be over 476,000 years old, pre-dating the existence of
modern humans by a significant margin.
Purpose and Significance
While the exact purpose of the wooden structure remains a subject of study and
speculation, experts believe it may have served as a walkway for early human ancestors
who inhabited the region along the Kalambo River. The structure could have had multiple
functions, such as a platform for storage, shelter, or a place for daily activities. Its
discovery sheds light on the resourcefulness and problem-solving abilities of early
humans, offering insights into their way of life and capacity for abstract thinking.
Homo Heidelbergensis
The structure’s age suggests that it may have been crafted by Homo heidelbergensis, a
hominin species believed to have inhabited the area between 700,000 to 200,000 years
ago. This discovery challenges our understanding of the capabilities and behaviors of
these ancient human ancestors, showcasing their ability to transform their environment
and innovate to make their lives easier.
Abstract Thinking and Language
The find suggests that early humans may have engaged in abstract thinking and possibly
even language. This discovery demonstrates the intelligence, imagination, and skills of
these ancient humans as they created something previously unseen and non-existent in
their world.
India's First Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus
In a groundbreaking move towards sustainable transportation, India is set to inaugurate
its first Green Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus, marking a significant step in the country’s efforts to
embrace eco-friendly and low-carbon mobility solutions. The launch, scheduled for
September 25, 2023, holds great promise for India’s transition to cleaner and more self-
reliant economic development.
The Power of Green Hydrogen
Green Hydrogen, produced using renewable energy sources, has emerged as a game-
changer in India’s quest for sustainable energy solutions. It harnesses the country’s
abundant renewable energy resources and offers versatile applications, from fueling
vehicles to supporting critical industrial processes such as petroleum refining, steel
production, and fertilizer manufacturing.
Fuel Cell Technology
At the heart of this innovation lies fuel cell technology, which utilizes hydrogen as fuel. In a
fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen engage in an electrochemical reaction, generating
electrical energy and water as byproducts. Fuel cells offer distinct advantages over
traditional batteries, including higher efficiency, extended range, and faster refueling
times.
IndianOil’s Pioneering Effort
Leading the charge in this transformative endeavor is IndianOil, which has undertaken a
program to test 15 Fuel Cell buses powered by Green hydrogen on designated routes in
Delhi, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. The launch of the first two buses from India Gate
heralds the beginning of this groundbreaking initiative.
Cutting-Edge Refueling Facility
To support this endeavor, IndianOil has established an advanced refueling facility at its
R&D campus in Faridabad. This facility is equipped to dispense green hydrogen generated
through electrolysis powered by solar PV panels, representing a significant leap in green
mobility infrastructure.
Extensive Road Testing
Following the bus launch, a comprehensive road test spanning over 3 lakh kilometers will
be conducted across all buses to assess the long-term viability and resilience of this
innovative technology. The data and insights gained from this extensive trial will play a
crucial role in shaping India’s green hydrogen-based, zero-emission mobility future.
Role of the Five Eyes Alliance in the India-Canada Issue
The India-Canada issue, sparked by Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s allegations
of potential links between the Indian government and the killing of separatist leader
Harmeet Singh Nijjar in Canada, has drawn the attention of the Five Eyes Alliance. This
intelligence-sharing alliance comprising the United States, United Kingdom, Australia,
Canada, and New Zealand has played a pivotal role in shaping the controversy.
Formation and Origins of the Five Eyes Alliance
The Five Eyes Alliance traces its origins to World War II when the UK and the US decided to
share intelligence after successfully breaking German and Japanese codes. The initial
Britain-USA (BRUSA) agreement was established between the US War Department and the
UK’s intelligence and security agency, Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS). This
agreement aimed to share intelligence information, support US forces in Europe,
exchange personnel, and develop joint regulations for handling sensitive material.
The BRUSA agreement laid the groundwork for the UK-USA (UKUSA) agreement, officially
signed in 1946. Canada joined the alliance in 1949, followed by New Zealand and Australia
in 1956, forming the Five Eyes. While the existence of the agreement was known from the
1980s, it wasn’t officially acknowledged until the release of the UKUSA agreement files in
2010.
How the Five Eyes Alliance Operates
The Five Eyes countries collaborate closely on matters of intelligence gathering and
security. They share mutual interests, including addressing the rise of China, which has led
to increased alignment in recent years. The alliance’s strength is attributed to shared

language and trust built over decades.
In 2016, the Five Eyes Intelligence Oversight and Review Council was established. This
council comprises non-political intelligence oversight, review, and security entities from
the Five Eyes countries. They exchange views, compare best practices, hold regular
conference calls, and convene annually.
However, despite their closeness, the Five Eyes countries may not always align on foreign
policy issues. For example, New Zealand has refrained from outright condemnation of
China’s actions concerning Hong Kong and the treatment of the Uighur minority, citing
deep trade ties with China.
Role of Five Eyes in the India-Canada Issue
The Five Eyes countries, particularly the US, the UK, and Australia, are viewed as close to
India. They also have significant Indian and Indian-origin populations and have
experienced instances of pro-Khalistan activities. However, their historical ties to Canada
and the alliance structure mean they are unlikely to offer outright support to either India
or Canada in this dispute.
Nevertheless, once these countries have access to clear intelligence and information on
the matter, they could potentially play a mediating role in the India-Canada issue. Canada
may also approach its partners, such as the US, to share additional information related to
the investigation, leveraging their broader networks and capabilities.
105th Anniversary of Battle of Haifa
Every year on September 23, diplomats from India’s Embassy in Israel and Israeli
government officials gather at the Haifa War Cemetery to pay respects to the Indian
soldiers who played a pivotal role in the Battle of Haifa in 1918. This annual
commemoration marks the 105th anniversary of the battle, where Indian soldiers
displayed extraordinary valor in a foreign land.
The Forgotten Battle
For over nine decades, the Battle of Haifa and the contributions of Indian soldiers were
largely forgotten, confined to the corners of history books and archives. It wasn’t until
2010 that Haifa Day was officially commemorated, largely due to limited awareness about
this historical event.
The Man Behind the Recognition
Brig. M S Jodha (Veteran), a former Indian Army officer and the author of ‘The Story of the
Jodhpur Lancers,’ played a crucial role in bringing the Battle of Haifa to the forefront. His
grandfather, Lt. Col. Aman Singh, had led the celebrated cavalry charge by the Jodhpur
Lancers at Haifa in 1918. Jodha’s extensive research spanning over 20 years shed light on
the contributions of Indian soldiers, eventually gaining recognition from both the Indian
and Israeli governments.
Historical Background
The Battle of Haifa took place during World War I as part of the Sinai and Palestine
campaign. Allied forces, including the British Empire, Italy, and the French Third Republic,
along with the Arab Revolt, fought against the Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire,
and German Empire. While the battle received relatively little attention compared to other
World War I conflicts, it had a lasting impact, leading to the Partition of the Ottoman
Empire and the creation of several modern states, including Turkey, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan,
Syria, and Israel.
The Involvement of Indian Lancers
In response to the outbreak of World War I, the princely state of Jodhpur in India, led by
Sir Pratap Singh, contributed troops to the British Indian Army. These troops served under
the British Indian Army, wearing their uniform and using their equipment. For the Battle
of Haifa, the princely state of Jodhpur provided resources such as horses, transport, tents,
and clothing. The Jodhpur Lancers, along with the Mysore and Hyderabad Lancers, played
a vital role in securing Haifa.
The Battle of Haifa
On September 23, 1918, the 5th Cavalry Division, which included the Jodhpur Lancers and
other Indian units, was tasked with capturing Haifa. Facing Ottoman forces fortified with
modern weapons and artillery, the Indian cavalry launched a daring charge. Despite being
outgunned, the Jodhpur Lancers’ speed and momentum allowed them to overcome the
enemy defenses. The battle resulted in the capture of 1,350 prisoners, along with arms
and ammunition.
Legacy and Commemoration
The victory at Haifa was a significant achievement during World War I. After the war, the
contributions of Indian soldiers were gradually forgotten. However, in 1953, the 61st
Cavalry regiment was established to commemorate Haifa Day, keeping the memory of this
battle alive. In 2010, Haifa Day was officially commemorated, thanks to Brig. M S Jodha’s
research and efforts.
Teen Murti Haifa Chowk
In 2018, the Teen Murti Chowk in Delhi was renamed Teen Murti Haifa Chowk to honor the
centenary of the Battle of Haifa. During an official visit to Israel in the same year, Prime
Minister Narendra Modi and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu paid tribute to the fallen
Indian soldiers in Haifa, cementing the enduring legacy of their bravery.
Fourth Gender Samvaad
The fourth edition of ‘Gender Samvaad,’ a collaborative initiative by the Deendayal
Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) and the Institute for
What Works to Advance Gender Equality (IWWAGE), brought together thousands of
participants in a virtual event. This platform aims to create awareness about DAY-NRLM’s
gender-focused initiatives in India, with a specific focus on amplifying the voices of states
and self-help group (SHG) members.
Uniting for Change
More than 8000 participants, including senior officials from the Ministry of Rural
Development, the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Government of Bihar,
state government officials, practitioners, gender experts, academics, civil society

representatives, and SHG members, joined forces to discuss and address crucial gender-
related issues.
Empowering Women in Rural Areas
The event highlighted the extensive efforts made by DAY-NRLM to empower women and
establish model institutions addressing women’s concerns in rural areas. These initiatives
have been primarily carried out through the Gender Resource Centre platform.
Sharing Experiences and Strategies
Community resource persons (CRPs) from various states, including Jharkhand, Kerala, and
Odisha, shared their experiences and strategies for addressing gender-based violence.
Rajani Dandasena from Odisha discussed the Prerna Kendra (Gender Resource Centres) at
the Gram Panchayat level, emphasizing their role in establishing strong linkages with
other departments and addressing cases of violence.
Creating Gender-Responsive Institutions
The event emphasised on the importance of gender training, pedagogical approaches,
and the use of information, education, and communication (IEC) materials in creating
gender-responsive institutions, especially Didi Adhikar Kendras. These institutions have
played a pivotal role in addressing violence rooted in patriarchy and social norms, along
with promoting the political empowerment of women.
Panel Discussion
A panel discussion emphasized the significance of state rural livelihood missions (SRLMs)
and the opportunities they offer, such as legal remedies through fast-track courts, gender
training at various levels, and inter-ministerial convergence. The panel also discussed
innovative financing for sustainability, the need for safe spaces like Shakti Sadan and
short-stay homes, strengthened data-driven governance, and enhanced women’s
economic agency.
Empowering Women Together

Gender Samvaad 2023 concluded with a collective call to address core women’s issues
through preventive measures, convergence, and innovative local problem-solving
approaches. It underscored the importance of continued dialogue and action in
empowering women across rural India.
September 26, 2023
359th Report on the Functioning of Archaeological Survey of India
The functioning of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), responsible for safeguarding
India’s Cultural Property Monuments (CPMs), has come under scrutiny. A Parliamentary
Standing Committee on Transport, Tourism, and Culture recently presented its findings
and recommendations in its 359th Report on the Functioning of Archaeological Survey of
India.
The Committee’s Assessment
The committee, headed by Rajya Sabha MP V Vijaisai Reddy, conducted a comprehensive
review of ASI’s operations. They held meetings with various stakeholders, including the
Ministry of Culture, NGOs like INTACH and AKTC, and visited heritage sites in Mumbai and
Bekal.
Pruning the List of Protected Monuments
The committee suggested that the list of protected monuments should be rationalized.
They proposed categorizing monuments based on national significance, unique
architectural value, and specific heritage content. This move aligns with the government’s
decolonization agenda, wherein monuments glorifying the colonial era will be removed
from the list.
Easing Restrictions around Monuments
The committee highlighted the inconvenience caused by the 100-meter prohibited area
and 300-meter regulated area around protected monuments. This provision, introduced in
2010, affects local communities, making it difficult for them to carry out essential repairs.
The panel recommended a more flexible approach, differentiating between significant and
insignificant monuments.
Fixing ASI’s Core Mandate
Preservation of monuments is ASI’s core mandate, and the committee recommended
enhancing preservation plans. Advanced technologies like LiDAR, ground-penetrating
radar, and 3D scanning should be utilized for excavations. They also suggested bifurcating
ASI’s responsibilities, allowing the India Heritage Development Corporation (IHDC) to
handle revenue-related tasks.
Ensuring the Security of Missing Monuments
The committee expressed concern about 92 CPMs declared as “missing” by the CAG. Only
42 of these monuments have been located, while others are affected by urbanization,
submerged under reservoirs, or untraceable. The committee stressed the importance of
ensuring the physical security of all CPMs and recommended regular surveys and digital
documentation.
Shortage of Resources and Fund Crunch
ASI faces a shortage of human resources and limited funds for monument conservation.
The committee urged the Ministry of Culture to explore outsourcing options. However,
they acknowledged the scarcity of expertise in this field even outside the organization.
Problems with Restoration Activities
The committee pointed out instances where restoration work did not align with the
original design and aesthetics of monuments. They recommended that ASI prioritize
restoration that respects the original structure, its relevance, and aesthetics. Sustainable
practices, such as using eco-friendly materials and energy-efficient techniques, should
also be integrated into restoration projects.
Other Concerns
The committee raised concerns about the lack of effective engagement with Monument
Mitras under the Adopt a Heritage scheme and inexperienced private firms involved in
restoration and conservation. They recommended hiring experienced Monument Mitras
and providing support to individuals affected by encroachment removal.
National Policy on Research and Development and Innovation in Pharma-MedTech Sector

Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, the Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilisers and Minister of
Health & Family Welfare in the Government of India, is set to unveil a game-changing
initiative. The launch of the National Policy on Research and Development and Innovation
in the Pharma-MedTech Sector in India, along with the Scheme for Promotion of Research
and Innovation in Pharma MedTech Sector (PRIP), promises to reshape the landscape of
pharmaceuticals and medical technology in the country.
The National Policy on Research and Development and Innovation
This visionary policy holds the potential to catapult the Pharma-MedTech sector in
India to unprecedented heights.
Over the next decade, it aims to propel the sector to a staggering USD 120-130
billion, thereby contributing significantly to India’s GDP by approximately 100 basis
points.
This growth projection underscores the government’s commitment to fostering
research, innovation, and development in pharmaceuticals, including traditional
medicines and phytopharmaceuticals, as well as medical devices.
Key Objectives of the Policy
The National Policy on Research and Development and Innovation has set forth clear
objectives to stimulate research and innovation in the Pharma-MedTech sector. These
objectives revolve around three critical focus areas:
Strengthening the Regulatory Framework: The policy recognizes the importance of a
robust regulatory framework to promote the development of cutting-edge products and
technologies. A streamlined and effective regulatory environment will expedite the
approval process for innovative healthcare solutions.
Incentivizing Investments in Innovation: To encourage private and public sector
investments in research and innovation, the policy offers incentives and support. This
financial backing will be instrumental in driving the development of groundbreaking

pharmaceuticals and medical devices within India.
Creating a Facilitatory Ecosystem for Innovation: The policy acknowledges the
significance of a conducive ecosystem that nurtures innovation. By fostering collaboration
between academia, industry, and government, it seeks to create an environment where
innovative ideas can flourish.
A Gathering of Dignitaries
The launch event is expected to witness the active participation of eminent dignitaries,
including policymakers, healthcare experts, representatives from academia, think tanks,
industry leaders, and members of the media. This diverse gathering will serve as a
platform to shed light on various aspects of the policy and its implications. Topics of
discussion will include India’s drug and pharmaceutical export trends, the categorization
of exports, the rationale behind the policy, its overarching objectives, the specifics of the
focus areas, and the proposed monitoring and evaluation mechanisms.
Writers Guild of America’s Tentative Deal with Top Entertainment Companies
Hollywood’s labor disputes seem to be heading toward a resolution as the Writers Guild of
America (WGA) recently reached a tentative agreement with major entertainment
companies. This development marks a significant step forward for the industry, although
several hurdles remain before Hollywood can return to business as usual.
The Agreement Overview
The Writers Guild successfully secured numerous concessions from studios, addressing
key demands. These include increased royalty payments for streaming content and
safeguards against artificial intelligence infringing on writers’ credits and compensation.
Remarkably, this breakthrough occurred after a marathon 146-day strike, with the deal
reached following five consecutive days of negotiations.
AI and the Final Sticking Point
The use of artificial intelligence was a pivotal issue that led writers to call for a strike.
Studios and the WGA reached a compromise over the weekend, proposing amendments
to the new contract to address concerns about AI’s interaction with old scripts owned by
studios. Negotiations on this critical matter took several hours on the final night of talks.
Next Steps in the Process
If the contract is approved, the 11,000-plus guild members will have their say in ratifying
the contract. The suspension of all picketing activities was announced following the deal,
but members were cautioned against returning to work until the contract formalization.
Potential Resumption of Work
Writers may soon resume their work, provided that union leadership approves the deal.
They will consider ending the strike during the ongoing rank-and-file vote. This decision
could bring relief to late-night and daytime talk show writers, although most television
shows and movies remain halted due to ongoing strikes by actors.
Impact on the Actors’ Strike
The agreement reached by the Writers Guild will not directly affect the strike led by SAG-
AFTRA, the union representing over 150,000 actors. Actors have been striking separately
since July 14, with demands that surpass those of the writers. One major sticking point has
been the studios’ rejection of setting aside 2% of streaming revenue, a demand made by
actors. Currently, there are no scheduled talks between the actors’ union and the studios.
Shared Concerns and Possible Blueprint
Although the writers and actors have distinct demands, the deal achieved by the Writers
Guild may serve as a blueprint for addressing shared concerns. Both groups sought
stringent safeguards regarding AI usage, with actors fearing its impact on their livelihoods
and the creation of digital replicas of their likenesses without compensation or approval.
Moody’s Investors Service Raises Red Flags Against Aadhaar
Moody’s Investors Service, a global rating major, has expressed doubts about the
reliability of India’s Aadhaar, a 12-digit universal identity system. The concerns revolve
around the use of biometric technologies, particularly in hot and humid climates, and the
resulting service disruptions. In response, the Indian government has defended Aadhaar’s
credibility, emphasizing its position as the world’s most trusted digital ID.
Moody’s Assessment of Aadhaar

Moody’s acknowledges that Aadhaar, the largest digital ID program globally, plays a
pivotal role in providing access to public and private services. Verification methods include
fingerprint and iris scans, along with alternatives like One-Time Passcodes. Aadhaar aims
to integrate marginalized groups and enhance access to welfare benefits. However,
Moody’s highlights challenges related to authentication and biometric reliability.
The Government’s Rebuttal
The Indian government has countered Moody’s assertions, noting the lack of supporting
evidence or research in their claims. The government emphasizes that biometric
submission can occur through contactless methods such as face and iris authentication.
Additionally, it refutes concerns about security and privacy vulnerabilities within the
central Aadhaar system, citing Parliament’s assurance of no reported breaches.
International Recognition and Support
Aadhaar has endorsements from organizations like the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
and the World Bank. Several nations have expressed interest in adopting similar digital ID
systems, indicating Aadhaar’s global influence.
Implications of Reliability Concerns
The reliability concerns surrounding Aadhaar are significant, given its status as the
primary identity document for accessing government welfare schemes. If the technology
proves unreliable, individuals may face difficulties accessing entitled government
subsidies. This situation disproportionately affects those who rely on subsidies the most.
Impact on Welfare Schemes
Aadhaar is linked to numerous government welfare programs, including ration cards, LPG
subsidies, and PM Kisan Yojna. For example, millions of Indians have connected Aadhaar
to their ration cards to access essential food through the Public Distribution System. Any
unreliability in Aadhaar verification could disrupt these vital services.
Real-World Consequences
Instances of starvation deaths in Jharkhand have been linked to Aadhaar biometrics not
functioning correctly, preventing individuals from receiving rations through the Public
Distribution System.
Ongoing Concerns with Aadhaar
Over the years, Aadhaar has faced recurring concerns related to privacy and reliability.
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India previously criticized Aadhaar for
issues like data-matching, authentication errors, and inadequate data archiving. The
absence of a system to analyze authentication errors and a lack of data archiving policy
have also been noted.
CAG’s Findings
The CAG’s report highlighted instances where the data of Aadhaar cardholders remained
unmatched with their Aadhaar numbers, even after a decade. It also raised concerns
about the absence of a data archiving policy, a critical practice in storage management.
Additionally, the CAG noted that UIDAI had provided authentication services free of
charge, contrary to regulations, which impacted government revenue.

Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Rules, 2023
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has recently issued a gazetted notification,
introducing amendments to the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) rules. These
changes have a significant impact on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with FCRA
licenses and individuals who receive foreign contributions.
FCRA Amendment Rules, 2023
In a notification, the Ministry of Home Affairs invoked Section 48 of the FCRA to make
necessary rule changes. These amendments are officially titled “Foreign Contribution
(Regulation) Amendment Rules, 2023” and are effective upon their publication in the
Official Gazette.
Earlier Relaxations
The MHA had previously revised foreign funding rules, providing some relaxations. These
relaxations allowed relatives to send larger sums under the FCRA and extended the time
frame for organizations to inform the government about opening bank accounts for funds
received under the ‘registration’ or ‘prior permission’ category.
Expanded Beneficiaries
The new rules bring significant changes to who can receive foreign contributions without
facing prosecution. Notably, political parties, members of legislatures, election candidates,
judges, government servants, journalists, and media houses, who were previously barred
from receiving foreign contributions, will no longer be prosecuted if they receive such
contributions from relatives abroad. Importantly, these recipients will have up to 90 days
to inform the government about these contributions.
Amit Khare’s Tenure as PM’s Adviser Extended
The Centre has decided to extend the tenure of Amit Khare, a retired IAS officer, as
Adviser to the Prime Minister. His current term, set to conclude on October 12, 2023, will
now continue for a period that aligns with the term of the Prime Minister.
Extension Approval
The Department of Personnel and Training, in an official order, announced the extension
of Amit Khare’s tenure. The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet has approved this
extension, allowing him to serve as Adviser to the Prime Minister with the rank and scale
of Secretary to the Government of India. The extension is based on customary terms and
conditions applicable to re-employed officers at the Secretary level in the Government of
India. Khare’s tenure will continue beyond October 12, 2023, and will be co-terminus with
the term of the Prime Minister or until further orders, whichever comes first.
Previous Appointment
Amit Khare initially assumed the role of Adviser to Prime Minister Narendra Modi on a
contract basis for a two-year term starting from October 12, 2021.
Background and Contributions
Amit Khare is a 1985-batch Jharkhand-cadre IAS officer who retired as the higher
education secretary. His notable contributions include playing a pivotal role in shaping the
new National Education Policy (NEP). Holding an MBA from IIM Ahmedabad, he took
charge as the higher education secretary in December 2019, and he has also served as the
secretary of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B).
IAF's First C-295 Tactical Transport Aircraft
In a significant development, the Indian Air Force (IAF) proudly inducted its first C-295
medium tactical transport aircraft on Monday. This momentous event was marked by the
formal induction ceremony, led by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, in the presence of top
military officials in Ghaziabad.
The Versatile C-295 Aircraft
The C-295, hailing from the Airbus family, represents the latest generation of highly
versatile tactical transport aircraft. It is purpose-built to handle a wide spectrum of
missions, ranging from troop and cargo transport to maritime patrol, signals intelligence,
and medical evacuation.
Besides traditional transport, it can execute airdrops for paratroops and cargo, play a
pivotal role in casualty and medical evacuation missions, and prove invaluable in special
operations, disaster response efforts, and maritime patrol duties.
Impressive Payload Capacity
One of the standout features of the C-295 aircraft is its remarkable payload capacity.
Capable of carrying up to nine tonnes of cargo or accommodating as many as 71 troops,
this aircraft is engineered to excel in a variety of operational scenarios. It boasts a
maximum cruise speed of 260 knots, ensuring swift and efficient transportation.
Replacing Aging Fleet
This induction comes after a strategic decision to replace India’s aging Avro-748 fleets, a
process initiated two years ago. On September 13, Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal VR
Chaudhari received the first of the 56 C-295 transport aircraft. This transition aligns with
India’s vision for modernizing its military capabilities.
Airbus-Tata Partnership
Under the procurement deal, Airbus is set to deliver the initial 16 aircraft in ‘fly-away’
condition from its final assembly line in Seville, Spain, by 2025. The subsequent 40 aircraft
will be manufactured and assembled in India through a collaborative effort with Tata
Advanced Systems (TASL). This partnership signifies a robust industrial cooperation
between the two companies.
Production Milestones
Notably, production activities for various components of these aircraft have already
commenced at the Main Constituent Assembly (MCA) facility located in Hyderabad. This
forward momentum underscores India’s commitment to enhancing its defense
capabilities.
Unified Registration Portal for GOBARdhan - Current Updates (September, 2023)
In a significant move towards enhancing the utilization of biodegradable and organic
waste, the Ministry of Jal Shakti has introduced a unified registration portal for
GOBARdhan. This initiative is set to streamline the registration process for compressed
bio-gas (CBG) and biogas plants across the country.

Simplifying Registration with a Unified Portal
The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) announced the launch of the
unified registration portal, aimed at simplifying the registration of CBG and biogas plants.
This digital platform will facilitate smoother access to the Market Development Assistance
(MDA) scheme offered by the Department of Fertilizers.
Eligibility for Market Development Assistance
Over 1,163 biogas plants and 426 CBG plants have already registered on this unified
portal. These registered plants are now eligible for support under the Market
Development Assistance (MDA) scheme.
New MDA Guidelines
Under the updated guidelines, CBG and biogas plants can receive MDA assistance
amounting to Rs 1500 per metric ton (MT) for the sale of Fermented Organic Manure
(FOM), Liquid Fermented Organic Manure (LFOM), and Phosphate Rich Organic Manure
(PROM) produced through the GOBARdhan initiative.
Boosting the GOBARdhan Initiative
This development is expected to give a significant boost to the GOBARdhan initiative. By
offering financial incentives for the sale of organic fertilizers produced from biogas and
CBG plants, the initiative aims to encourage greater adoption and utilization of these
valuable resources.
Registration and Compliance Requirements
To be eligible for MDA assistance, manufacturing plants must complete their registration
on the unified GOBARdhan portal of the DDWS. Additionally, they must adhere to the
specifications outlined in the Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) concerning organic fertilizers.
The Vision of GOBARdhan
The GOBARdhan initiative’s vision is to transform biodegradable and organic waste
sources, including cattle dung, agricultural residues, and biomass, into high-value
resources. This includes the production of biogas, CBG, and organic manure, contributing
to a sustainable and eco-friendly future.
Khamree Mo Sikkim!
Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL) has embarked on a mission to raise awareness about
career opportunities among the youth in Northeastern India. To achieve this goal, MSIL
has joined hands with the Indian Navy for the ‘Khamree Mo Sikkim’ outreach program, a
collaborative effort dedicated to the progress and well-being of the region.
Inspiring Youth for Navy Careers
The program’s primary objective is to enlighten and inspire the youth about the abundant
career prospects within the Navy. It aims to create a sense of aspiration and reinforce
bonds with the local communities in the Northeast.
The Grand Expedition
The initiative kicked off with a grand expedition spanning 6,500 kilometers, commencing
from the Indian Navy base at Lonavala. The journey involves 45 Navy officials driving five
vehicles, including three Maruti Suzuki Jimny and two flagship Grand Vitara SUVs, over
several weeks.
Covering Key Regions
The expedition’s route traverses significant regions, including Mhow, Jhansi, Lucknow,
Varanasi, Patna, Bagdogra, Gangtok, Lachen, Gurudongma, Kolkata, Bhubaneshwar,
Vishakhapatnam, and Hyderabad.
Three Distinct Stretches
The expedition unfolds in three distinct stretches, each with its unique focus and purpose.
The first stretch takes participants from INS Shivaji to Bagdogra. The second stretch
comprehensively covers Sikkim, while the third stretch extends from Gangtok, Sikkim, to
INS Shivaji, concentrating on empowering rural youth along the eastern coastal region.
Engaging with Local Communities
As the convoy winds through diverse states during its journey, participants engage closely
with local communities. They deliver motivational lectures and offer invaluable guidance
on defense entrance exams at esteemed educational institutions.
Embracing Culture and Heritage
The rally is more than just an expedition; it promises to weave history and culture into its
outreach program. Along the route, participants explore historically significant
monuments, blending adventure with the richness of cultural heritage.
Phase II of the ‘Amazon Future Engineer Programme’
The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS), operating under the Union
Ministry of Tribal Affairs, has launched Phase II of the ‘Amazon Future Engineer
Programme.’ This innovative initiative is set to benefit students in 54 Eklavya Model
Residential Schools (EMRS) situated across Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,
Odisha, Rajasthan, and Telangana.
A Tech-Powered Curriculum
In this second phase, the Amazon Future Engineer Programme introduces an Advanced
Block Programming and Artificial Intelligence curriculum. This forward-looking curriculum
is designed to equip tribal students with essential tech skills that are becoming
increasingly vital in today’s digital world.
Inauguration and Exhibition
The official inauguration of Phase II was marked by a three-day, in-person teacher training
workshop. The event also featured the EMRS Coders Expo, which showcased the Top 20
Coding Projects from EMRSs during the previous academic year. The inauguration
ceremony was held in New Delhi and presided over by Anil Kumar Jha, Secretary (Tribal
Affairs).
Enhanced Coding and AI Learning
Building on the success of the previous year, the revised module introduces a tailored
coding and artificial intelligence (AI) curriculum aligned with CBSE skill education. This
complements the existing courses in coding, logical sequencing, learning loops, and block
programming. The 20-hour module is thoughtfully designed to suit the current exposure
of tribal students to computer science and coding.
Progressive Learning Stages
The curriculum unfolds progressively, with Class six students learning the fundamentals of
computer science. Seventh graders are introduced to advanced concepts of visual
programming, while eighth graders gain introductory exposure to AI. In grade nine,
students delve into the fundamentals of AI. For grade 10, an AI module aligned with the
CBSE skills curriculum will be introduced in the academic year 2024-25.
Bridging Educational Barriers
India has substantial tribal population, which often faces language and cultural barriers to
accessing modern education. Capacity building for teachers in local languages, especially
within tribal communities, will empower them to deliver the curriculum more effectively
and prepare tribal students for success in the technologically advanced world.
Unprecedented Heatwave Grips Eastern Antarctica
During this unprecedented heatwave, temperatures in Eastern Antarctica soared to
approximately 39 degrees Celsius (102.2 degrees Fahrenheit) above the monthly average.
March 18, 2022, marked the peak of this event, with temperatures rising to -10C (-14F), a
stark contrast to the -54C (-65.2F) average for March.
Prolonged Heatwave
What made this heatwave truly exceptional was its duration. Temperatures remained
above the previous March record of -31C (-23.8F) for over three consecutive days,
including during nighttime.
Unusual Air Circulation Patterns
Researchers investigating this remarkable occurrence identified unusual air circulation
patterns near Australia as the driving force behind the heatwave. In just four days, a warm
air mass from Southern Australia managed to penetrate East Antarctica, a phenomenon
described as exceptionally rapid by Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, the study’s author.

Connection to Climate Change
The study highlighted the role of climate change in intensifying the heatwave. It revealed
that climate change made the heatwave approximately two degrees Celsius (3.6F)
warmer, with the potential for future heatwaves at the end of the 21st century to be an
additional five to six degrees Celsius (9-10.8F) warmer.
Impact on Sea Ice
The heatwave coincided with record sea ice minima in February 2022. However, the study
noted that sea surface temperature anomalies in the Southern Ocean had a minimal effect
on the heatwave’s magnitude.
Alarming Trends
The study’s findings come in the wake of alarming reports about emperor penguins facing
severe threats in West Antarctica due to warming. As sea ice continues to erode due to
rising global temperatures, these iconic creatures are experiencing dire consequences,
including drowning or freezing to death.
Implications for the Future

The increasing frequency of such extreme climate events over the next 50 to 100 years
could trigger unforeseen consequences, emphasizing the urgency of addressing climate
change.
Megamonodontium mccluskyi: Australia's Prehistoric Giant Spider
In a fascinating discovery, scientists have identified and named a remarkable “giant” fossil
spider species that once roamed the ancient landscapes of what is now modern-day
Australia. This incredible find sheds light on the unique arachnid history of the region and
offers insight into the environmental conditions of a bygone era.
A Remarkable Discovery
The fossilized remains of the spider, known as Megamonodontium mccluskyi, were
unearthed at McGraths Flat in New South Wales, a renowned fossil site celebrated for its
iron-rich rock formations referred to as “goethite.”
A First-of-Its-Kind Fossil
What sets Megamonodontium mccluskyi apart is its distinction as the first-ever spider
fossil discovered from the Barychelidae family. It bears resemblance to the living genus
Monodontium, particularly the brush-footed trapdoor spider. However, this prehistoric
arachnid dwarfs its modern relatives, measuring an astonishing 50mm from toe to toe.
Insights into Ancient Environments
The fossil offers valuable clues about the environment in which this “giant” spider thrived
millions of years ago. Its closest living relative is found in contemporary wet forests
stretching from Singapore to Papua New Guinea. This suggests that these spiders once
inhabited similar mainland Australian habitats but subsequently faced extinction as the
continent’s climate became more arid.
Remarkable Preservation
Microscopic analysis of the fossils revealed an extraordinary level of preservation.
Advanced microscopy techniques allowed researchers to examine minute details such as

the spider’s claws and hair-like structures known as setae, which served various functions,
including sensing chemicals and vibrations, defense, and even sound production.
Bharat Drone Shakti exhibition 2023
In an exciting and forward-looking initiative, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh recently
inaugurated the grand “Bharat Drone Shakti 2023” exhibition at the Hindon airbase. This
monumental event, a collaborative endeavor between the Indian Air Force and the Drone
Federation of India (DFI), showcases the cutting-edge world of drone technology.
Aerial Spectacles and Demonstrations
The inauguration witnessed the unveiling of the expansive drone exhibition, accompanied
by a captivating display of aerial drone demonstrations. The event offers a platform for
attendees to witness the latest advancements and capabilities in the realm of drones.
Exploring Drone Innovation
The exhibition area boasts an impressive array of approximately 75 static display drones,
with over 50 poised for aerial showcases throughout the event.
Recognizing Drone Technology’s Impact

Drone technology has brought about a transformative impact on both civil and defense
sectors. It has elevated efficiency, reduced risk exposure, and expanded capabilities across
various domains. The Indian Air Force, with its extensive experience in employing
Remotely Piloted Aircraft for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance missions,
acknowledges the immense potential of indigenous drone technology.
Encouraging Homegrown Drone Expertise
In a bid to tap into India’s burgeoning drone technology sector, the Indian Air Force
initiated the Meher Baba Swarm Drone competition. This underscores the IAF’s
confidence in the nation’s drone capabilities and commitment to fostering homegrown
drone expertise.
Showcasing Diverse Applications
Bharat Drone Shakti 2023 promises to feature a diverse range of drone applications,
including survey drones, agriculture drones, fire suppression drones, tactical surveillance
drones, heavy-lift logistics drones, loitering munition systems, drone swarms, and
counter-drone solutions. These demonstrations exemplify the broad spectrum of
possibilities that drone technology offers.
September 27, 2023
Shi Yan 6 to Visit Sri Lanka
In a recent development, the United States has expressed its concern to Sri Lanka about
the impending arrival of a Chinese research vessel, raising similar concerns shared by
India. During a meeting between US Under Secretary and Sri Lankan Foreign Minister at
the UN General Assembly session in New York, the topic of the Chinese research ship ‘Shi
Yan 6’ came to the forefront.
Why is the Chinese Ship Coming to Sri Lanka?
The Chinese research vessel ‘Shi Yan 6’ has stirred concerns due to its upcoming visit to
Sri Lanka, with both the US and India voicing objections. The ship is described as a
“scientific research vessel” equipped with a 60-member crew, conducting research in
oceanography, marine geology, and marine ecology. While Beijing sought Colombo’s
permission for the ship’s docking, the final date and port remain uncertain. The vessel is
expected to collaborate with Sri Lanka’s National Aquatic Resources Research and
Development Agency (NARA) during its stay.
About Shi Yan 6
Shi Yan 6 is a Research/Survey Vessel with a carrying capacity of 1115 DWT (deadweight
tonnage). Its current draught is reported to be 5.3 meters, with an overall length of 90.6
meters and a width of 17 meters.
Why Does India Object to Chinese Vessels Docking in Sri Lanka?
India’s objection to Chinese vessels docking in Sri Lanka stems from security concerns.
India perceives Chinese ships in close proximity to its mainland as potential security
threats, suspecting espionage activities even when their stated purpose is scientific
research. This apprehension has led to objections to Chinese vessels docking in Sri Lankan
ports.
What Happened Last Year?
In a similar incident last year, India raised objections to a Chinese ballistic missile and
satellite tracking ship, Yuan Wang 5, staying at Hambantota port in Sri Lanka for a week.
While Sri Lanka initially delayed the vessel’s arrival in response to Indian concerns, it later
permitted the docking. Yuan Wang 5 is used to track satellite, rocket, and intercontinental
ballistic missile (ICBM) launches, raising concerns in India about the vessel’s extensive
aerial reach. India was apprehensive that several ports in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra
Pradesh could be within China’s surveillance, posing risks to vital installations in southern
India.
China’s Perspective
China has maintained that the marine scientific research activities of Yuan Wang 5 and
similar vessels align with international law and common practice and do not jeopardize
the security or economic interests of any country. Beijing contends that such activities
should not be obstructed by third parties.
Sri Lanka’s Response to US Concerns
In response to the US’ concerns, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister emphasized Sri Lanka’s
commitment to neutrality. He stated that Sri Lanka had established a Standard Operating
Procedure for foreign ships and aircraft conducting activities in its territory. As part of
their “even-handed approach,” Sri Lanka cannot exclude China from participating in such
activities.
Mukhyamantri Gramin Awas NYAY Yojana
In a significant move, the Chhattisgarh government has unveiled its plan to provide
homes for over 47,000 impoverished residents in the state’s rural areas as part of the
inaugural phase of the “Mukhyamantri Gramin Awas NYAY Yojana.” This initiative marks a
crucial step in addressing the housing needs of the state’s disadvantaged populations.
A Delayed Start: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
The groundwork for the Mukhyamantri Gramin Awas NYAY Yojana was originally laid
through the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana in collaboration with the Central Government
back in 2021. However, the implementation of this joint effort was deferred due to a
financial roadblock – the Chhattisgarh government’s inability to contribute its share of the
funds, as cited by the Central Government. On the other hand, the state government
contended that the pandemic had left them cash-strapped, making it impossible to
execute the scheme.
A Socio-Economic Survey for Targeted Assistance
Earlier this year, Chhattisgarh’s Chief Minister, Bhupesh Baghel, took a proactive step by
announcing a socio-economic survey in the absence of a decennial census in India post
the 2011 Census. The survey, conducted on 59.79 lakh families, identified 10,76,545
families residing in kutcha (fragile) houses.
A Holistic Approach to Housing
Building upon the survey findings, Chief Minister Baghel, in July, introduced the
Mukhyamantri Gramin Awas NYAY Yojana, pledging full financial support for its
implementation. Families excluded from the housing scheme due to improvements in
their living standards, as well as those still in need but not eligible according to the 2011
survey list, are set to benefit from this initiative.
First Phase Beneficiaries
In the fiscal year 2023-24, a total of 47,090 homeless families, identified in the Chhattisgarh
Socio-Economic Census 2023, will receive assistance under the state government’s
housing scheme. Families in remote areas will be granted Rs 1.30 lakh, while those in plain
areas will receive Rs 1.20 lakh to support their housing needs.
Chhattisgarh’s Departure from Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
In November 2021, the Central Government withdrew Chhattisgarh from the Pradhan
Mantri Awas Yojana-Rural (PMAY-G) due to the state government’s failure to contribute its
share since 2019. Under PMAY-G, the expenditure is shared between the Centre and states
in a 60:10 ratio. The Centre’s decision followed Chhattisgarh’s inability to meet its financial
commitment under the scheme despite multiple reminders and directives.
What is ciTRAN?
Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) in Bhopal
have made a groundbreaking discovery in the realm of HIV-1 research. They have
identified a Circular RNA virus, named ciTRAN, the role of which has long remained
enigmatic in the context of HIV-1 virus replication. Furthermore, they have developed a
molecule with the potential to disrupt viral transcription, opening up new avenues for
combating HIV-1.
The Enigmatic World of Circular RNA
Circular RNA, or circRNA, is a crucial player in regulating gene expression and governing
various biological processes. Despite its importance, the impact of circRNA expression on
HIV-1 replication has largely eluded scientists until now.
Unveiling ciTRAN’s Role in HIV-1 Replication
In a study, researchers at IISER Bhopal deployed a specialized protocol called circDR-Seq,
utilizing direct RNA nanopore sequencing. Through this innovative approach, they were
able to capture circRNAs from HIV-1-infected T cells (white blood cells) and pinpointed the
existence of ciTRAN, a circRNA that exerts influence over HIV-1 transcription.
Potential for Novel Drugs and Therapies
Understanding how ciTRAN modulates the transcription process of the virus could be a
game-changer in the fight against HIV-1. This newfound knowledge opens doors to the
development of novel drugs and therapies to combat this persistent virus.
The Interplay with HIV-1 VpR
HIV-1 viral protein R (VpR) is a versatile protein that assumes specific roles at various
stages of the HIV-1 viral life cycle, impacting the anti-HIV functions of immune cells. The
researchers uncovered that HIV-1 infection triggers the expression of ciTRAN, and this
process is dependent on Vpr. CiTRAN interacts with serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1
(SRSF1), a protein known for repressing HIV-1 transcription.
The Intricate Mechanism

The study reveals that HIV-1 capitalizes on ciTRAN, which undergoes alterations during
immunological signaling, inflammation, and viral infection. This manipulation prevents
SRSF1 from carrying out its repressive function, thereby facilitating efficient viral
transcription.
Creating a Molecule to Disrupt Viral Transcription
The research team’s efforts also led to the creation of a molecule inspired by SRSF1. This
mimic has the potential to inhibit viral transcription, regardless of ciTRAN induction. This
development underscores how HIV-1 exploits a host circRNA, shedding light on a
previously unknown aspect of how primate lentiviruses overcome transmission barriers.
A Breakthrough in Overcoming Transmission Barriers
The study’s findings reveal how the HIV-1 virus seizes the host-encoded ciTRAN to multiply
efficiently, uncovering a previously undisclosed facet of how viruses like HIV-1 surmount
transmission hurdles. This discovery holds immense promise for the development of new
strategies to combat HIV-1 and enhance our understanding of viral infections.
Punjab’s Action Plan to Curb Paddy Straw Burning
The Commission for Air Quality Management has announced Punjab’s ambitious plan to
reduce farm fires by 50% during the upcoming winter season. Moreover, the state is
determined to completely eradicate stubble burning in six districts.
A Vast Expanse of Paddy Cultivation
Punjab’s action plan to combat paddy straw burning reveals that approximately 31 lakh
hectares of land in the state are dedicated to paddy cultivation. This extensive cultivation
is anticipated to yield around 16 million tonnes of paddy straw (non-basmati). The state
plans to manage this straw through two primary methods: in-situ, which involves
incorporating crop residue into fields, and ex-situ, where stubble is used as fuel.
Utilizing Straw for Industrial and Energy Projects
Efforts are underway to harness the potential of paddy straw for industrial and energy
generation projects. A significant quantity of straw will also be repurposed as cattle
fodder, offering a sustainable solution.
Pusa Bio Decomposer: A Key Solution
Punjab intends to manage approximately 8,000 acres of paddy fields using the innovative
Pusa Bio Decomposer. This microbial solution has the remarkable capability to break
down paddy straw within a mere 15-20 days. Farmers will have access to this solution at
no cost, facilitating responsible straw disposal.
Targeted District Elimination
The State Action Plan goes a step further by aiming to eliminate stubble burning in six
districts: Hoshiarpur, Malerkotla, Pathankot, Rupnagar, SAS Nagar (Mohali), and SBS
Nagar. The plan aspires to achieve at least a 50% reduction in fire counts in Punjab
compared to the previous year.
Districts Leading the Way
Government data indicates that five districts, namely Sangrur, Bathinda, Firozpur,
Muktasar, and Moga, accounted for approximately 44% of the total fire counts in the state
last year. These areas are likely to witness significant improvements in fire reduction
efforts.
Edouard Manet's "Olympia" Makes Debut in the United States
After more than 150 years since its creation, the renowned French master Edouard
Manet’s masterpiece “Olympia” has arrived in the United States for the first time. This
iconic canvas, depicting a brothel scene with a real-life model, is featured in the
“Manet/Degas” exhibition at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, which runs until
January.
A Rare Journey from Musée d’Orsay
Previously housed in Paris’s Musée d’Orsay, this 1863 oil painting has ventured beyond
France only three times before: to Venice in 2013, where it shared the spotlight with Italian
painter Titian’s “Venus of Urbino,” and to Moscow and St. Petersburg in 2016.
A Bold and Controversial Composition
“Olympia” presents its central figure, the well-known sex worker Victorine Meurent,
seated confidently on her bed, making direct eye contact with the viewer. Her pose and
expression challenged conventional norms of the time. She is accompanied by a black
servant, a bouquet of flowers, and a black cat, all contributing to the provocative scene.
The Boldness That Sparked Controversy
When “Olympia” was first exhibited at the prestigious Parisian Salon in 1865, it caused
quite a stir. Manet’s use of a real-life model instead of a fictional character was a
departure from the norm, and the painting’s bold depiction of a nude figure, devoid of
coyness, shocked the public. Critics and viewers were taken aback, with some fiercely
criticizing the work. However, a small group of Manet’s contemporaries, including Émile
Zola, defended its modernity.
A Shift Toward Modernism
“Olympia” marked a significant shift from the traditional artistic conventions of the time.
While classical depictions of mythological and historical scenes were prevalent, Manet’s
work portrayed a non-mythical, “working-class” girl in a sensual and unapologetic
manner. This realism challenged the accepted norms of feminine portraiture, replacing
soft features with a more direct approach. The painting’s flat shapes and contrasting
colors also reflected Manet’s admiration for Japanese prints.
Edouard Manet: A Pioneer of Modernism
Edouard Manet, often regarded as the father of modernism, was a French artist known for
challenging traditional artistic techniques in the late 19th century. His subjects were
drawn from contemporary life, featuring family and friends in everyday scenes. Despite
facing resistance and criticism for his radical works, Manet’s groundbreaking approach
paved the way for the impressionist movement, characterized by lighter brushwork and a
departure from classical traditions.
September 28, 2023
Kongthong Village Receives "Best Tourism Village 2023" Award

On the occasion of World Tourism Day 2023, Kongthong Village in the East Khasi Hills
district achieved a remarkable milestone by winning the prestigious title of “Best Tourism
Village 2023” at the esteemed National Tourism Awards. These awards, presented
annually by the Ministry of Tourism, recognize outstanding contributions in the field of
tourism and cultural preservation.
Honoring Excellence in Tourism
The National Tourism Awards serve as a tribute to various segments of the travel,
tourism, and hospitality industry, including state governments, for their outstanding
performance in their respective fields.
These awards aim to foster healthy competition and promote tourism across the
country.
Over the years, the National Tourism Awards have evolved into a prestigious
recognition of achievements in the travel, tourism, and hospitality sectors.
Kongthong Village: The Whistling Village of India
Kongthong Village, also known as Khat-ar shnong or the Whistling Village of India,
has emerged as a shining star in the tourism sector.
In an era when communication predominantly occurs through mobile phones, video
chats, and text messages, the residents of Kongthong have preserved a unique
tradition of communication.
They communicate with one another through whistling and employ distinct musical
tunes as signals.
This tradition, which has endured for generations, has garnered global attention,
making this isolated village a renowned cultural gem.
Smart Cities Mission, India: Localising Sustainable Development Goals
A recent report titled “Smart Cities Mission, India: Localizing Sustainable Development
Goals” reveals that over 70% of projects under the Smart Cities Mission (SCM) in India are
in sync with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report,
prepared jointly by the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry and UN-Habitat, marks
the first comprehensive effort to map national mission projects against global
sustainability objectives. The SCM encompasses approximately 8,000 projects aimed at
transforming urban areas across the country.
Mapping SCM Projects to SDGs
According to the report, while SCM projects have made significant contributions to 15 out
of the 17 SDGs, approximately 44% are aligned with the objectives of SDG 11. This goal
focuses on creating inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities and human
settlements. Furthermore, 13.3% of SCM projects contribute to SDG 6 (Clean water and
sanitation), 8.6% to SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy), and 6.4% to SDG 8 (Decent work
and economic growth).
Impactful Examples
The report highlights the positive impact of SCM projects on SDGs, citing examples such
as the sensor-based monitoring of water networks in Ahmedabad, which detected

leakages and increased daily water supply by 50 million liters, benefiting 1.50 lakh people.
Additionally, in Indore, a gravity-based network prevented 205 MLD of untreated sewage
from entering rivers and drains, resulting in a healthier aquatic ecosystem.
Renewable Energy and Cost Savings
The report also showcases the Mudasarlova Reservoir Floating Solar Plant in
Visakhapatnam, which generated 3,613 MWh of electricity annually, saving $0.28 million
and preventing over 3,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions.
SCM’s Role in Sustainable Development
The report concludes that the Smart Cities Mission, encompassing 7,846 projects across
100 cities with a total worth of $22 billion, exemplifies the successful implementation of a
national-scale urban mission aligned with global agendas. It empowers cities to drive
sustainable development and offers valuable lessons for urban areas in the Global South.
Extended Deadline and Future Prospects
The Smart Cities Mission, initiated in 2015, was originally slated for completion by June of
this year, but the Ministry extended the deadline to June 2024. Speaking at the annual
Smart Cities Conclave in Indore, Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Hardeep Puri stated
that of the sanctioned projects worth Rs 1.71 lakh crore, 6,069 projects worth Rs 1.10 lakh
crore have been completed, with the remaining on track for completion by June 2024.
Government Statistics on Tribal Land Claims
The implementation of the Forest Rights Act in India has raised concerns as nearly 40% of
land claims filed by tribal communities have been rejected by various states. This issue is
particularly pronounced in states like Uttarakhand, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and
Kashmir, and West Bengal, with Uttarakhand leading the rejection rates at a staggering
97%.
Key Findings
Out of a total of 45,54,603 claims filed, a significant 18,01,561 claims, approximately
40%, have been rejected.
Alarming rejection rates are observed in eleven out of 23 states and union territories,
surpassing the national average.
These states include Uttarakhand (97.23%), Karnataka (84.9%), Uttar Pradesh
(79.75%), Jammu and Kashmir (78.21%), West Bengal (67.98%), Bihar (52.54%),
Madhya Pradesh (51.43%), Rajasthan (52.94%), Telangana (45.62%), Chhattisgarh
(42.99%), and Tamil Nadu (39.64%).
The rejection of these claims holds significant political implications, especially in
tribal-dominated states like Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Telangana, and
Chhattisgarh, which are approaching elections.
Forest Rights Act: Empowering Tribal Communities
The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights)
Act, also known as the Forest Rights Act 2006, was enacted to grant tribals residing in
forest areas formal land rights through documents known as “pattas.” Under this act,
tribals can submit claims for land to their respective gram sabha (village council). These
claims are then reviewed and approved first by a sub-divisional committee and
subsequently by the divisional committee at the district level.
Criticism and Lack of Oversight
Concerns have been raised by experts about the lack of proactive involvement by the
tribal affairs ministry in ensuring the proper implementation of the Forest Rights Act by
the states. This comes as the central government has the authority to issue directives to
the states, especially when there are high rejection rates of claims, but this has not been
pursued.
Challenges in Claim Filing
State governments have complicated the process of filing claims, making it particularly
challenging for tribal communities in remote areas. For instance, Madhya Pradesh
introduced a mobile app called “Van Mitra” for claim submissions. This move has posed
difficulties for tribals in areas with poor mobile connectivity, as they now rely on tech
operators to complete the process, instead of the intended grassroots involvement of
gram sabhas. Consequently, the process has become more inaccessible to the very
communities it aims to empower.
India Ageing Report 2023
India is on the cusp of a significant demographic shift, as revealed by the India Ageing
Report 2023, jointly released by the International Institute for Population Sciences and the
United Nations Population Fund. By 2050, more than 20 percent of India’s population is
expected to be elderly, signifying a rapid aging trend. This report sheds light on the
changing age composition of India and its potential implications.
Elderly Population Surges
The report highlights that the number of elderly individuals will grow substantially in
relation to the population of children aged 0-14 years. Furthermore, the working-age
population (15-59 years) is projected to decline. Notably, women are expected to outlive
men, leading to a larger population of older women, particularly in rural areas.
Defining the Elderly
In demographic terms, individuals aged 60 or 65 years and above are typically considered
“old.” This age group is the focus of the report’s findings.
Rapid Increase in Elderly Population
The percentage of elderly individuals in India has been steadily rising in recent years, a
trend that is expected to persist in the coming decades. The report notes that the decadal
increase in India’s elderly population has ranged from medium to high since 1961.
Although this growth was slow until 2001, it is anticipated to accelerate in the near future.
Projected Demographic Shifts
As of July 1, 2022, India had 149 million people above the age of 60, constituting 10.5
percent of the total population. By 2050, it is estimated that 20.8 percent of the population,
equivalent to 347 million Indians, will be senior citizens. This proportion is expected to
exceed 36 percent by the end of the century.

Global Aging Trends
The report underlines that global population growth continues alongside increased life
expectancy. Factors such as rising life expectancy and declining fertility rates are causing
both the proportion and number of older individuals to rise worldwide in the years to
come.
Changing Gender Ratios
In 1991, there were 930 elderly women for every 1,000 elderly men in India. However, this
ratio has been evolving and is projected to continue doing so. By 2031, the report
estimates that there will be 951 men for every 1,078 women in the elderly age group.
Varied Life Expectancies
Life expectancy differs among Indian states, influencing the overall figures. In states like
Kerala and Himachal Pradesh, women can expect to live up to four years longer than men.
On average, a 60-year-old man in India can anticipate another 18.3 years of life, while
women can expect 19 years.
Challenges Ahead
The report raises concerns about the growing number of widowed women due to their
longer life expectancy. Addressing the needs of this demographic calls for attention to
social and economic policies that promote their well-being and empowerment.
Gender Inequality's Impact on Women and Cancer: A Lancet Commission Report
A newly released report by the Lancet Commission highlights the profound effects of
gender inequality on women’s experiences with cancer prevention, care, and treatment.
Despite similar cancer burdens, women face significant disparities due to unequal power
dynamics in society. The report, titled “Women, power, and cancer: A Lancet Commission,”
underscores the urgent need for an intersectional feminist approach to address these
inequities.
Unequal Gender Dynamics in Cancer Care
The Lancet Commission’s report points out that gender inequality extends beyond the
realm of patient care and impacts how women engage with the cancer health system.
Women’s contributions in the cancer workforce, where they predominantly serve as
unpaid caregivers, are undervalued. Additionally, women are underrepresented in
leadership roles within research and policy organizations related to cancer.
The Call for Intersectional Feminism
The Commission calls for an intersectional feminist approach that highlights and
challenges existing power imbalances in cancer decision-making, knowledge
dissemination, and economics. It emphasizes that cancer ranks among the top three
causes of premature death for women in nearly every country.
Potential Lives Saved through Action
The report underscores that the elimination of key risk factors or early detection and
diagnosis could potentially save around 1.5 million lives. Furthermore, access to high-
quality cancer care could prevent an additional 800,000 deaths among women.
Underestimated Cancer Risk Factors

While tobacco, alcohol, obesity, and infections are major risk factors for cancer, their
impact on women’s health is often underestimated. A 2019 study revealed that only 19
percent of women undergoing breast cancer screening in the UK were aware of alcohol’s
significant role in breast cancer risk.
Understanding Female-Specific Risk Factors
The Commission stresses the need for a deeper understanding of cancer risk factors
specific to women, which are less well-documented compared to those affecting men.
Commercial products primarily used by women, such as certain breast implants, skin
lighteners, and hair relaxers, have been linked to an increased cancer risk.
Gender Inequality’s Multifaceted Impact
The report highlights that gender inequality and discrimination not only affect women’s
ability to avoid cancer risk factors but also hinder their access to timely diagnosis and
quality cancer care. Globally, women face disparities in education, employment, and
financial resources, complicating their ability to cope with cancer-related financial
challenges.
Unpaid Caregiving and Leadership Disparities
Gender inequality has resulted in a predominantly female unpaid caregiving workforce,
impeding women’s advancement in leadership positions within cancer research, practice,
and policymaking. This perpetuates the absence of women-centered cancer prevention
and care.
Sexism in Healthcare Systems
The report reveals that sexism in healthcare systems, manifested as unconscious gender
biases and discrimination, can lead to subpar care for women. These biases can be
exacerbated when patients belong to marginalized ethnic or indigenous groups or have
diverse sexual orientations or gender identities.
Representation in Leadership Roles
In Asia, Africa, and Europe, women’s representation in leadership roles within cancer
research and policy organizations remains significantly lower. Globally, only 16 percent of
organizations classified as hospitals, treatment centers, or research institutes are led by
women among the 184 member organizations of the Union for International Cancer
Control (UICC).
Addressing Gender Inequality in Cancer
The Commission urges the inclusion of sex and gender considerations in all cancer-related
policies and guidelines. These policies must be responsive to the diverse needs and
aspirations of all women, whether they are patients, caregivers, or researchers. By
acknowledging and addressing the impact of gender inequality, we can transform
women’s interactions with the cancer healthcare system for the better.
FAO Report on Methane Emissions in Livestock and Rice Systems
A recent report published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United
Nations highlights the significant impact of methane emissions from ruminant livestock
and rice paddies on the environment. The report, titled “Methane emissions in livestock
and rice systems: Sources, quantification, mitigation, and metrics,” emphasizes the need
for effective strategies to manage these emissions and mitigate their effects on climate
change.
The report, released on September 25, 2023, delves into the sources and sinks of methane
gas, provides methodologies for measuring emissions, offers a diverse array of mitigation
strategies, and explores metrics for evaluating both emissions and their mitigation.
Methane Emissions: A Growing Concern
Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is responsible for about 32 percent of global
anthropogenic methane emissions from microbial processes during the enteric
fermentation of ruminant livestock and manure management systems. Additionally, rice
paddies contribute another 8 percent to these emissions. Despite women’s equal cancer
burdens, gender inequities in society exacerbate their challenges.
Understanding Methane’s Impact
Methane is a short-lived greenhouse gas with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately a
decade, in contrast to carbon dioxide, which affects the climate for hundreds of years.
However, methane is over 25 times more effective at trapping heat in the atmosphere.
Challenges in Measuring Methane Emissions
Accurately measuring methane emissions and inventories remains challenging. While
sophisticated methods, including the use of drones and satellites, have been developed,
their widespread application is hindered by cost, labor-intensiveness, and the difficulty of
assessing grazing animals. Research validation of these methods lags behind their
development.
Collaborative Effort and Global Conference
The report, compiled by a multidisciplinary team of 54 international scientists and experts
from the Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance Partnership, was released
during FAO’s inaugural ‘Global Conference on Sustainable Livestock Transformation’ held

from September 25-27, 2023.
Methane Emissions and Climate Change
The report underscores the importance of reducing methane emissions, as they currently
contribute approximately 0.5 degrees Celsius to global warming. Addressing methane
emissions is a crucial pathway to achieving the goals set out in the Paris Agreement.
Besides agrifood systems, other human activities, such as landfills, oil and gas systems,
and coal mining, also generate methane emissions.
Mitigating Methane Emissions from Livestock
The study identifies four overarching strategies for mitigating methane emissions from
livestock:
1. Animal Breeding and Management
2. Feed Management, Diet Formulation, and Precision Feeding
3. Forages
4. Rumen Manipulation
Focus on Feed Efficiency

The report highlights the role of improving feed efficiency, defined as the ratio of animal
product to feed intake, in reducing methane emission intensity and enhancing animal
productivity per unit of feed. Enhancing feed digestibility, altering microbial composition
in the rumen, and selectively breeding animals with desirable traits can all contribute to
improved feed efficiency. This improvement can lead to increased farm profitability,
depending on the relative cost of feed and revenue from meat and milk production.
Regional Relevance
The report emphasizes the need for regional studies that quantify the effects of improved
nutrition, health, reproduction, and genetics on animal production and methane emission
intensity. Such studies are crucial for developing relevant and implementable mitigation
strategies.
Challenges and Future Directions
The report acknowledges the scarcity of information required for calculating carbon
footprints of interventions on a regional basis. Additionally, economically feasible
methane mitigation solutions remain limited. Addressing these challenges is essential for
advancing sustainable livestock practices and mitigating methane emissions effectively.
Mercy Corps Report Warns of Potential Worsening of Food Insecurity in Middle East and North
Africa
A new report by Mercy Corps, a global humanitarian aid organization, warns that
disruptions in the Black Sea grain route could exacerbate food insecurity in the Middle
East and North Africa (MENA) regions. The report, published on September 24, 2023,
highlights the dire consequences of food crises in these areas, driven by economic
challenges, conflict, and trade dynamics in the Black Sea region.
Food Crises in MENA Regions
According to the report, many countries in the Middle East and North Africa are grappling
with severe food crises, primarily due to their inability to afford essential food items and
their exposure to the adverse effects of conflicts and trade disruptions in the Black Sea.
The situation is further aggravated by dwindling levels of humanitarian funding.
Focus on Vulnerable Regions
The report focuses on several nations in the MENA region, including Lebanon, Syria,
Yemen, Jordan, Iraq, and the occupied Palestinian Territories (West Bank and Gaza). It also
considers North African states such as Tunisia and Egypt.
Persistent Food Insecurity
These regions have been grappling with food insecurity for an extended period, driven by
a growing population and increasing demand for essential food products. The report
underscores the heavy reliance of these countries on imported grains, particularly those
originating from the Black Sea.
Dependency on Black Sea Grain
The report highlights the critical role of Black Sea grain exports in meeting the food
demands of these regions. It notes that the dependency on these imports became evident
in 2022 when grain shipments from Ukraine faced the risk of complete interruption. This
alarming situation was resolved through the Black Sea Grain Initiative (BSGI) in July 2022.
Russia’s Role and Recent Developments
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine had significant repercussions on grain exports. The report
outlines how Russia’s actions, including port blockades, disrupted grain movement from
Ukraine to global markets. The BSGI, a UN and Turkey-brokered agreement, allowed the
export of 32.9 million tonnes of food from Ukraine. However, in July 2023, Russia refused
to renew the initiative, leading to concerns about global food security.
Global Food Inflation Concerns
The report points out that India also banned rice exports in July 2023 to safeguard
domestic supply. The combined impact of these shocks could trigger unprecedented food
inflation in the MENA region.
Challenges Amplified by Fragility
Countries like Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen, heavily dependent on imported food, are
particularly vulnerable due to state fragility, economic obstacles, limited domestic
production potential, and inadequate government-led mitigation measures. The occupied
Palestinian Territories, Tunisia, and Egypt, historically reliant on grain exports from Russia
and Ukraine, face similar vulnerabilities.
Additional Economic Challenges
These nations have already been grappling with the economic repercussions of the
COVID-19 pandemic and commodity price hikes resulting from the Ukraine conflict.
A Call for Contingency Planning
In light of these challenges, the researchers emphasize the need for robust contingency
planning by aid organizations. Such planning should account for the possibility of global
food price shocks and grain shortages in fragile contexts, ensuring the resilience of
vulnerable populations in the face of potential crises.
Draft Telecommunication Mobile Number Portability (Ninth Amendment) Regulations, 2023

Draft Telecommunication Mobile Number Portability (Ninth Amendment) Regulations,
2023 was released recently by TRAI. It proposes safeguards against SIM-swap frauds.
A History of Regulatory Evolution
Since the issuance of the Telecommunication Mobile Number Portability Regulations, 2009
(8 of 2009), a total of eight amendments have been introduced to refine and enhance the
MNP framework. These changes have aimed to streamline the process and improve the
overall experience for mobile users.
DoT’s Valuable Input
In recent times, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has actively engaged with
TRAI, providing valuable suggestions and insights regarding the regulatory framework for
Mobile Number Portability. These suggestions reflect the ever-evolving nature of the
telecommunications industry and the need for responsive regulations.
Drafting Amendments for Stakeholder Input
Taking into account the valuable input from the DoT, TRAI has decided to take a proactive
step by issuing draft amendment regulations. These proposed amendments, titled the
“Draft Telecommunication Mobile Number Portability (Ninth amendment) Regulations,
2023,” have been made available on TRAI’s official website.
Tripura Launches E-Cabinet System
Tripura Chief Minister Manik Saha unveiled the E-Cabinet System in Agartala, marking a
significant step towards the digital transformation of government operations and
services. The introduction of this system places Tripura as the fourth state in India, and
the second in the Northeast, to embrace electronic cabinet meetings, following
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Arunachal Pradesh.
A Paperless Future
The adoption of the E-Cabinet System signifies a shift towards a paperless future for the
state’s governance. All upcoming cabinet meetings will be conducted electronically, with
ministers and bureaucrats utilizing tablets. This not only promotes efficiency but also
contributes to reducing the carbon footprint, aligning with environmental sustainability
goals.
Utilizing Digital Resources
In its inaugural meeting, the government approved a proposal to secure a loan of Rs 160
crore from the Asian Development Bank (ADB). This funding will be directed towards the
tourism and urban development department, supporting infrastructure development and
sustainable livelihood initiatives in the state.
Modeling After Uttarakhand
The E-Cabinet System in Tripura follows a similar model as introduced in Uttarakhand.
Executives from the National Informatics Centre and the state’s information and cultural
affairs department played pivotal roles in launching this system.
Advantages of Digitization
The shift towards digitization aligns Tripura’s development journey with the national
Digital India initiative. This transformation would enhance transparency, efficiency, and
accountability in government operations.
E-Cabinet App Features
The E-Cabinet app boasts features that streamline the upload of cabinet memos with date
and time stamps. Ministers, the chief secretary, secretaries, and other officials can
conveniently review and approve documents online. Privacy protection measures are of
the highest standard, ensuring data security.
Eliminating Delays and Boosting Decision-Making
The implementation of the E-Cabinet System is expected to eliminate delays associated
with physical document movements, injecting dynamism into government decision-
making processes.
A Digital Mission
Tripura government had previously introduced e-file and office systems in line with the
Digital India campaign. The state is committed to expanding digital infrastructure
development across various public service platforms.
Nasa Astronaut Frank Rubio Returns After Record-Breaking 371 Days in Space
Nasa astronaut Frank Rubio, accompanied by fellow crew members, made a historic
return to Earth after an extraordinary 371-day stay in space.
The Journey Home
Rubio’s journey back to Earth commenced with his departure from the International
Space Station (ISS), alongside Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergey Prokopyev and Dmitri
Petelin. Their descent, supported by parachutes, was safe and precise, culminating in their
landing at 7:17 a.m. (5:17 p.m. Kazakhstan time) in a remote area southeast of
Dzhezkazgan, Kazakhstan.
Record-Breaking Mission
What was initially planned as a 180-day mission extended into an unexpected 371-day
odyssey for Rubio, surpassing the previous Nasa record held by Mark Vande Hei by over
two weeks. Russia holds the ultimate record for space endurance, with a staggering 437-
day mission achieved during the mid-1990s.
Safe Return Aboard Soyuz
Upon their return, Rubio and his cosmonaut companions traveled aboard a Soyuz capsule
that had been launched as a replacement in February. This replacement was necessary
due to a coolant leak issue in the original capsule, which raised concerns about the safety
of its electronics and occupants.
Astronomical Achievements
Rubio’s mission began on September 21, 2022, and marked the longest single spaceflight
by a U.S. astronaut, surpassing the previous record. During this extraordinary journey, he
completed approximately 5,936 orbits and covered a staggering 157 million miles,
equivalent to approximately 328 round trips to the Moon. Rubio also witnessed the arrival
and departure of 15 visiting spacecraft during his mission.
Scientific Exploration
Rubio’s extended mission presented a unique opportunity for researchers to study the
effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body. These findings will be invaluable
as Nasa prepares for the upcoming Artemis missions to the Moon and the eventual
exploration of Mars. Throughout his mission, Rubio dedicated numerous hours to
conducting scientific experiments, ranging from plant research to physical sciences
studies.
New Commander Takes Charge
With the Soyuz MS-23 spacecraft’s undocking, Expedition 70 officially began aboard the
ISS. The current crew includes Nasa astronauts Loral O’Hara and Jasmin Moghbeli, ESA
astronaut Andreas Mogensen (station commander since September 26), JAXA astronaut
Satoshi Furukawa, and Roscosmos cosmonauts Konstantin Borisov, Oleg Kononenko, and
Nikolai Chub.
The Road Ahead
Some members of Expedition 70 are scheduled to return to Earth in February and March
2024, following a brief handover with the crew of Nasa’s SpaceX Crew-8 mission.
Meanwhile, others, like Kononenko and Chub, will continue their stay aboard the ISS,
returning in September 2024.
Displacement Dilemma: Challenges Faced by Refugees in Camps and Cities
As of May 2023, an astonishing 110 million people worldwide found themselves forcibly
displaced. Within this staggering number, nearly half were internally displaced, while 20
percent were refugees living in camps. These concerning figures come from estimates by
the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), an independent
research organization.
Perilous Prolonged Camp Stays
The IIED’s report reveals a concerning trend – camps established as temporary solutions
during crises often evolve into long-term homes for displaced individuals when conflicts
persist. Unfortunately, these extended stays in camps are marked by a lack of long-term
strategic planning and inadequate facilities.
Remote and Restricted
Temporary living arrangements in camps are typically situated in remote areas, subjecting
refugees to restrictions on movement and employment opportunities. This grim reality
underscores the need for reevaluating the effectiveness of these camps.
Comparing Camps and Cities
In a pioneering effort, researchers conducted a large-scale assessment comparing the
well-being and livelihoods of refugees and internally displaced individuals in camps and
urban areas. The project, known as “Protracted Displacement in an Urban World,” focused
on one camp and one city in each of the following countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Jordan, and
Afghanistan.
Debunking Myths
The study centered around four “myths” that emerged during the project. These myths
pertained to assumptions about displaced individuals in cities being self-reliant, better-

educated, camps serving as effective safe havens, and the potential for camps to evolve
into self-sustained settlements.
Urban Refugees and Humanitarian Assistance
In Nairobi and Addis Ababa, the majority of refugee households, 76 percent and 88
percent respectively, receive no humanitarian assistance. Conversely, in Amman, 73
percent of refugees reported receiving aid. Notably, among those receiving aid, 20
percent relied on humanitarian assistance as their primary source of income.
Income Disparities
While more refugees and internally displaced people earned income through work in
urban settings compared to camps across all countries in the study, the percentages
varied. In Kenya and Ethiopia, urban displaced individuals fared better than their camp
counterparts. However, significant proportions of the urban refugee population struggled
to cover expenses, with figures reaching 33 percent in Kenya and 61 percent in Ethiopia. In
Jordan, both urban and encamped refugees faced financial challenges.
Healthcare Disparities
Overall, 83 percent of respondents in cities and 69 percent in camps reported positive
access to healthcare. However, women were more likely to face challenges in accessing
healthcare. The study also revealed concerning reports of poor services and care for
women during and after childbirth in camps.
A Call for Support
To address these challenges, humanitarian and development programs must collaborate
with local and national governments. Providing incentives for authorities to remove
barriers that hinder displaced individuals from leading decent lives in urban areas is
crucial. This support is essential to enhance the well-being and livelihoods of displaced
populations in both camps and cities.
Rat lungworm Infection in the US
Scientists are issuing warnings about the spread of a parasitic brain worm known as Rat
lungworm, or Angiostrongylus cantonensis, in southeastern America. Traditionally found
in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, this invasive parasite is now making its presence
felt in Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, and, most recently, Atlanta, Georgia.
Contaminated Food as the Culprit
Rat lungworm is transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food, including
fresh produce and escargots. While the parasite cannot reproduce inside humans, it can
lead to severe symptoms in rare cases.
Symptoms and Severity
When the infective stage of the worm is accidentally ingested by a human, it can cause
inflammation in the brain or spinal cord. This can result in symptoms such as nausea,
vomiting, neck stiffness, headaches, and even limb tingling. Severe cases may lead to
coma or death, although some individuals may initially experience no symptoms, with
neurological issues arising later.
A Complex Life Cycle
The parasite’s life cycle involves multiple animal hosts. Rat lungworm eggs hatch in rat
lungs, and as larvae develop, they are shed in rat feces and consumed by gastropods like
snails and slugs. After further development in gastropods, they reach the infective third-
larval stage. At this point, the gastropods may be eaten by rats or spread their parasites
onto fresh produce, which is how humans become infected.
Children at Risk
Children may be particularly vulnerable, experiencing pronounced symptoms such as
fevers, irritability, drowsiness, lethargy, stomach problems, and muscle twitching.
Monitoring and Prevention
To monitor the spread of the parasite, researchers have been testing rat populations, as it
is believed to spread via infected rats on cargo ships. Recent studies have shown that rat
lungworm is indeed present in wild rat populations in Atlanta, indicating a potential threat
to human health.
Addressing the Concern
A collaborative “one health” approach is critical. It involves local communities, scientists,

public health experts, medical professionals, and veterinarians to better understand the
risks posed by this parasite and prevent infections.
Precautions for Safety
To protect against infection, individuals are advised to:
1. Thoroughly wash vegetables.
2. Avoid consuming raw or undercooked snails or slugs, crabs, freshwater shrimp, or
frog legs.
3. Wear gloves when handling snails or slugs.
4. Practice good hygiene by washing vegetables and hands regularly.
Awareness and these precautions can help safeguard against the potential risks
associated with this emerging health concern.
September 29, 2023
Global Innovation Index 2023
India has maintained its 40th position out of 132 economies in the recently published
Global Innovation Index (GII) 2023 by the World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO). Over the past few years, India has consistently climbed the ranks in the GII, rising
from 81st place in 2015 to its current position.
Collaborative Efforts in Innovation
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has played a significant role in India’s journey
towards becoming an innovation-driven economy. This year, NITI Aayog, in collaboration
with CII and WIPO, is virtually hosting the India Launch of GII 2023 on September 29, 2023.
Top Innovative Economies in 2023
For the 13th consecutive year, Switzerland retains its top position as the most innovative
economy in 2023, followed by Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom, and
Singapore. Several other economies also perform well, with Denmark and the Republic of
Korea maintaining their places in the top 10. France has improved by one rank, and Japan
remains strong as the 13th most innovative economy. Israel re-enters the top 15, securing
the 14th position.
Notable Regional and Global Trends
China’s Ascent: Despite a drop in ranking from the previous year, China remains a
prominent player in innovation, ranking 12th in 2023. It’s the sole middle-income
economy among the top 30 and continues to lead in the upper middle-income
group.
Nordic and Baltic Progress: All eight Nordic and Baltic economies have improved
their rankings, with Estonia breaking into the top 15 and Norway re-entering the top
20.
Middle East and Latin America: The United Arab Emirates stabilizes at 32nd place,
while Saudi Arabia and Qatar make it into the top 50. Brazil overtakes Chile as the
most innovative economy in Latin America and the Caribbean.
South and Southeast Asia: Thailand and Vietnam consolidate their positions in the
top 50, with Indonesia rapidly climbing toward the top 60. These countries, along
with China, India, Iran, the Philippines, Turkey, and Vietnam, represent middle-
income economies that have significantly improved their GII rankings in the past
decade.
Africa’s Progress: In Sub-Saharan Africa, nine out of 26 economies have improved
their rankings, with South Africa entering the top 60 and Rwanda leading in the low-
income group.
Global Innovation Index 2023 Key Findings
The Global Innovation Index 2023 reveals several important findings:
1. Mixed Investment in Innovation: Science and innovation investment showed
mixed performance in 2022, with an uncertain outlook due to challenges and a
downturn in innovation finance.
2. Technological Progress: Strong progress in information technology, health,
mobility, and energy is continuing to open up new opportunities for global
development.
3. Technology Adoption: Increased technology adoption is making safe sanitation and
connectivity more widespread, with growing electric vehicle (EV) uptake and
automation desires.
4. Socioeconomic Impact: The socioeconomic impact of innovation remains relatively
low, with volatility in labor productivity, fluctuating life expectancies, and ongoing
challenges in addressing carbon dioxide emissions.
CRIIIO 4 GOOD Modules
Union Minister for Education and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship, Dharmendra
Pradhan, unveiled a new online life skills learning module called ‘CRIIIO 4 GOOD.’ The
program’s primary aim is to promote gender equality among girls and boys. It was
launched in collaboration with the International Cricket Council (ICC), UNICEF, and the
Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad.
Emphasis on Gender Equality
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 focuses on gender parity and equal
opportunities as a core principle. The ‘CRIIIO 4 GOOD’ leverages the power of sports,
specifically cricket, to empower girls and raise awareness about gender equity.
Cricket’s Role in Empowerment
Renowned Indian cricketer Smriti Mandhana shared the first learning modules of ‘CRIIIO 4
GOOD’ with over 1,000 schoolchildren at the stadium. These modules are designed to be
highly engaging and utilize cricket’s popularity to convey essential life skills and promote
gender equity among girls and boys in a fun and interactive manner.
Content of ‘CRIIIO 4 GOOD’
‘CRIIIO 4 GOOD’ comprises eight cricket-based animation films that aim to foster gender
parity, equip girls with vital life skills, and encourage their active participation in sports.
These modules were jointly released by the ICC and UNICEF to inspire children and youth
to develop crucial life skills and understand the significance of gender equality.
Accessibility and Languages

The program can be accessed free of cost via the web pportal, and it is available in three
languages: English, Hindi, and Gujarati.
Themes and Real-life Examples
The eight modules cover a range of themes, including leadership, problem-solving,
confidence, decision-making, negotiation, empathy, teamwork, and goal setting. These
themes are brought to life through state-of-the-art animation, using cricketing examples.
The films are designed to be relatable by incorporating in-depth research into local
nuances.
Government Action Against Exotic Invasive Plant Species
In recent years, Conocarpus, a fast-growing exotic mangrove species, had been widely
used to enhance green cover in Gujarat. However, concerns have arisen over the
environmental and health impacts of this non-indigenous plant, leading authorities to
take action.
Controlling Conocarpus Growth
Research reports have indicated adverse effects of Conocarpus on the environment and
human health. Conocarpus trees, which flower in winter, spread pollen, leading to health
issues like cold, cough, asthma, and allergies. Additionally, their deep-rooted growth
damages telecommunication lines, drainage systems, and freshwater networks.
Moreover, Conocarpus leaves are unpalatable to plant-eating animals.
Delhi’s Battle Against Vilayati Kikar
In 2018, the Delhi government embarked on clearing the Central Ridge, Delhi’s green
lungs, of Vilayati Kikar (Prosopis juliflora). Introduced by the British in the 1930s, this fast-
growing tree became invasive, overpowering native trees like acacia, dhak, kadamb,
amaltas, and flame-of-the-forest. This takeover had detrimental effects on the local fauna,
depleting the water table and adversely impacting the ecosystem. In 2016, the Madras
High Court also ordered the removal of these trees due to their negative impact on the
water table.
To address the issue, Delhi is trimming the canopy of these trees to reduce water
consumption and encourage sunlight to reach the ground. More native trees are being
planted to suppress the growth of Vilayati Kikar.
Kerala’s Experience with Eucalyptus
In Kerala, the British introduced the Eucalyptus tree to Munnar for its wood, primarily
used as fuel in tea plantation boilers. However, the cultivation of foreign invasive plants,
including acacia, mangium, and eucalyptus, led to a reduction in available fodder in
forests. This forced animals to venture into human settlements and farmlands, resulting in
human-animal conflicts.
To address this, the Kerala state forest department ceased the cultivation of acacia and
eucalyptus in forest areas in 2018. A study by The Wildlife Institute of India-Dehradun and
Periyar Tiger Conservation Foundation in Kerala found that these foreign invasive plants
had altered forest habitats and reduced the quality of fodder for wildlife, affecting the
delicate ecological balance.

Unique Code 'DXN' Awarded to Noida International Airport
The upcoming Noida International Airport (NIA) in Jewar has received its own unique
international three-letter code, ‘DXN,’ from the International Air Transport Association
(IATA). This code holds significance in identifying the airport and its connectivity to the
world.
Exploring the Code’s Significance
The ‘D’ represents Delhi, the national capital, while ‘N’ stands for Noida, showcasing the
airport’s presence in Western Uttar Pradesh. The ‘X’ symbolizes connectivity, both within
India and globally. This unique code serves as an essential identifier for the airport’s
distinct location and purpose.
Phase 1 Operational by 2024
Phase 1 of Noida International Airport, situated 65 km from Botanical Garden, Noida, is set
to be operational by the end of 2024. This initial phase will feature one terminal with a
capacity to serve 12 million passengers annually and a 3.9-km-long North Runway.
Understanding Airport Codes
Airport codes are unique identifiers assigned to each airport and play a crucial role in the
aviation industry. While there are two types of codes, the three-letter IATA code and the
four-digit ICAO code, they serve different purposes.
IATA Codes: These three-digit codes are used for passenger-facing operations, such
as tickets, boarding passes, and signage.
ICAO Codes: The four-digit codes are used by industry professionals like pilots and
air traffic controllers.
Airport coding originated in the 1930s and has evolved over time. The shift from two-letter
to three-letter codes allowed for a greater number of unique combinations, ultimately
becoming standardized by the IATA in the 1960s.
Kiran Jain, Chief Operating Officer of NIA, emphasized the significance of the airport code,
stating that it remains unchanged as long as the airport exists.
IATA’s Role in Code Assignment
The assignment of IATA codes is not arbitrary; it follows specific criteria:
How the airport wishes to identify itself, often based on city names, airport names, or
location names.
The code’s availability, ensuring uniqueness among airports.
Common conventions based on the country, like the ‘IX’ prefix for Indian military
airports extended for civilian use.
Specific codes reserved for certain organizations or entities, such as ‘Y’ for Canadian
airports and ‘N’ for US Navy.
Sankalp Saptaah
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is all set to inaugurate a unique week-long initiative,
‘Sankalp Saptaah,’ on September 30, 2023, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi. The program
is closely aligned with the Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP), a nationwide effort
aimed at enhancing governance and the quality of life in 500 Aspirational Blocks spanning
329 districts across India.
The Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP)
The ABP, initiated on January 7, 2023, is a comprehensive endeavor designed to
strengthen governance at the block level, ultimately benefiting citizens. It sought to craft
robust block development strategies through chintan shivirs conducted at village and
block levels across the nation. ‘Sankalp Saptaah’ represents the culmination of these
thoughtful deliberations.
Seven Days, Seven Themes
During ‘Sankalp Saptaah,’ observed across all 500 Aspirational Blocks, each day from
October 3rd to October 9th, 2023, will be dedicated to a specific development theme
actively addressed by all Aspirational Blocks. The first six days will focus on themes such as
‘Sampoorna Swasthya,’ ‘Suposhit Pariwaar,’ ‘Swachhta,’ ‘Krishi,’ ‘Shiksha,’ and ‘Samridhi
Diwas.’ The concluding day, October 9, 2023, will celebrate the collective achievements of
the entire week, marked as ‘Sankalp Saptaah – Samavesh Samaroh.’
National Participation
The inaugural event at Bharat Mandapam anticipates the participation of approximately
3,000 panchayat and block-level people’s representatives and functionaries from across
the country. Moreover, about two lakh individuals, including block and panchayat-level
functionaries, farmers, and representatives from diverse walks of life, will virtually join the
program.
Uttar Pradesh Achieves 100% ODF Plus Coverage
Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, has achieved a remarkable feat by attaining
100% Open Defecation Free (ODF) Plus status across its 95,767 villages. This significant
accomplishment was officially announced on September 28, highlighting the state’s
commitment to sanitation and cleanliness.
Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Phase II Success
In the second phase of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin), the Uttar Pradesh
Government reports that among these ODF Plus villages, 81,744 are classified as
aspirational villages. These villages demonstrate the successful implementation of
effective solid waste management and liquid waste management systems, contributing to
their ODF Plus status.
Different Categories of ODF Plus Villages
Uttar Pradesh’s achievements extend beyond just ODF Plus status. The state has also
recorded:
1. 10,217 villages as ODF Plus rising villages: These villages have provisions for both
solid waste management and liquid waste management.
2. 3,806 villages as ODF Plus Model Villages: These villages serve as models for
comprehensive sanitation and cleanliness efforts.
A Rapid Transformation in a Short Time
In the current fiscal year, Uttar Pradesh has witnessed significant progress. By January 1,
2023, only 15,088 villages within the state had received the prestigious ODF Plus
designation. Within just nine months, the state launched a mission-oriented endeavor to
attain ODF Plus status, leading to a triumphant outcome with over 80,000 villages
accomplishing ODF Plus status, as reported in an official statement.
Massive Participation in ‘Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS)’ Campaign
During the nationwide ‘Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS)’ campaign of 2023, more than 8.8 million
individuals actively contributed to the cause of cleanliness, achieving an impressive 100%
participation rate. SHS is celebrated annually from September 15 to October 2 under the
Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural), Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Ministry of
Jal Shakti. In 2023, over 88 lakh people participated and contributed to ‘Shramdaan’ on a
large scale, thereby accelerating the achievement of ODF Plus status.
Towards a Cleaner India
An ODF Plus village retains its ODF status while also implementing solid or liquid waste
management systems. To date, 4.4 lakh (75%) villages across the country have declared
themselves ODF Plus. This significant step aligns with the targets of SBM-G Phase 2,
aiming for comprehensive sanitation and cleanliness by 2024–25.
Honoring Contributions and Inspiring Further Action
The ODF Plus achievement was celebrated by felicitating Gram Panchayats that
demonstrated exemplary work and declared their Gram Panchayats as ODF Plus models.
Gram Pradhans, Gram Panchayat Secretaries, Panchayat Assistants, and sanitation
workers across the state were honored at the state level, motivating them to continue
their contributions to the Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural). The award winners include the
60 best Gram Panchayats for their contribution to making Gram Panchayats a model and
75 sanitation workers (one from each of the 75 districts) were also honored for their
dedication and contribution to the cause of cleanliness.
Vulcan 20-20 Project

The UK is undertaking a groundbreaking project to create the world’s most powerful
laser, called “Vulcan 20-20,” with an £85 million investment from the UK Science and
Technology Facilities Council. This laser, anticipated to be a million billion times brighter
than the sun, is expected to have profound implications for various scientific fields,
including clean energy and cancer treatment.
Vulcan 20-20: A Revolution in Laser Technology
The “Vulcan 20-20” is currently underway at the Science and Technology Facilities
Council’s Central Laser Facility (CLF) in Oxfordshire. This endeavor promises far-reaching
implications, with the potential to revolutionize scientific exploration across various
domains, including clean energy and advancements in cancer treatment.
Unprecedented Capabilities
The name “Vulcan 20-20” reflects its extraordinary capabilities.
This laser will generate a primary beam with a staggering energy output of 20
Petawatts (PW), accompanied by eight high-energy beams with outputs of up to 20
Kilojoules (KJ).
This remarkable enhancement represents a twentyfold increase in power,
positioning the Vulcan 20-20 at the pinnacle of laser supremacy.
Remarkably, a single pulse from this laser will deliver more power than the entire
National Grid, according to UK Research and Innovation, the project’s sponsor.
Surpassing the Sun and Economic Implications
The current flagship laser within CLF, the Vulcan laser, renowned for its versatility in
plasma physics, will be dwarfed by the Vulcan 20-20’s capabilities. This new laser will shine
a light a hundred times brighter than even the most intense sunlight witnessed in the
Sahara Desert.
Its significance spans across various scientific fields, including clean energy sources. It is
expected to create numerous skilled jobs in science and engineering, contributing to the
UK’s science sector and overall economic growth.
CERN Experiment Reveals Antimatter's Response to Gravity
Researchers at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) conducted an
experiment with antimatter, demonstrating that it responds to gravity by falling,
consistent with the behavior of ordinary matter, aligning with Albert Einstein’s theory of
general relativity. Despite the expected equal production of matter and antimatter during
the Big Bang, very little antimatter exists, and the two are incompatible, leading to
annihilation upon contact. This discovery has profound implications, but it also raises new
questions about this mysterious substance.
Understanding Antimatter
Antimatter, once a concept from science fiction, is now a scientific reality. British
mathematician Paul Dirac first theorized its existence in 1928 while working on quantum
mechanics. He postulated that fundamental particles like electrons could have
antiparticles with opposite charges. In other words, there could be negative electrons
(matter) and positive electrons, or positrons (antimatter). Two years later, antimatter was
observed in nature during a cosmic ray study. Today, antimatter plays a role in medicine,
particularly in PET-scan machines.
The Missing Antimatter Mystery
One of the greatest mysteries in physics relates to the absence of antimatter in the
universe. According to the standard model of physics, equal amounts of matter and
antimatter should have been created during the Big Bang. If this had occurred, they would
have annihilated each other, leaving no matter behind. Yet, the universe is predominantly
composed of matter. This mystery has puzzled physicists for decades, prompting
questions about the existence and whereabouts of antimatter.
Creating Antimatter at CERN
While antimatter is scarce in nature, scientists at CERN have been producing minute
quantities of it through painstaking efforts and advanced technology. For over a decade,
they have been assembling antimatter “atoms” piece by piece and trapping them using
magnetic fields. Their aim is to understand how antimatter functions, why it is not found
naturally, and why the universe seems to favor the matter we are familiar with.
The Gravity Test
Understanding how objects fall is a fundamental aspect of physics. The ALPHA experiment
at CERN, after producing a tiny amount of antihydrogen, embarked on experiments to test
how antimatter reacts to gravity. Scientists carefully conducted each step of this complex
process, including trapping antimatter, slowing it down, and then standing it upright to
observe its response to gravity.
Antimatter Falls Down
The crucial result of the experiment was that antimatter fell downward toward the center
of the Earth, just like regular matter. This outcome debunked the notion that antimatter
could defy gravity by falling upward, which would have challenged fundamental principles
of physics, including Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity.
Key Amendments to Cable Television Network Rules, 1994
The Information and Broadcasting (I&B) Ministry has recently made significant
amendments to the Cable Television Network Rules of 1994. These amendments introduce
a structured procedure for the renewal of Multi-System Operator (MSO) registrations.
Additionally, the amended rules include provisions for cable operators to share
infrastructure with broadband service providers, aiming to enhance internet connectivity
in remote areas.
Renewal Procedure and Duration
Under the amended rules, cable operators are required to apply for registration or
renewal online through the Ministry’s Broadcast Seva Portal of MIB. Registration renewals
will now have a validity period of 10 years. A processing fee of ₹1 lakh has been set for the
renewal process. Importantly, cable operators can apply for renewal within a specific
window, which is seven to two months before the expiration of their registration.
This new renewal procedure aligns with the government’s commitment to promoting
ease of doing business. It offers certainty to cable operators, ensuring uninterrupted

services and making the sector more appealing for foreign investment.
Expanding Opportunities for Renewal
Previously, only fresh registrations were granted under the Cable Television Networks
Rules, without specifying the duration of validity or mandating online application
submissions. With the new amendments, operators whose registrations are set to expire
within seven months can apply online for renewal. This change simplifies the renewal
process, offering greater convenience for operators.
Infrastructure Sharing for Enhanced Internet Access
One notable addition to the rules is a provision enabling cable operators to share
infrastructure with broadband service providers. This initiative carries a dual benefit: it
promotes greater internet penetration, particularly in underserved areas, and optimizes
resource utilization. By sharing infrastructure, there is less need for additional broadband
infrastructure, fostering more efficient service delivery.
Iran Launches Noor 3 Military Satellite
Iran has successfully placed its third military satellite, Noor 3, into orbit. The launch was
carried out by Iran’s Revolutionary Guards using a three-stage Qasem rocket on
September 27, 2023. The satellite’s mission marks another significant step in Iran’s space
endeavors.
Satellite Catalogued by U.S. Space Force
The U.S. Space Force has independently confirmed the satellite’s presence in orbit by
cataloging two objects, which are likely the satellite and the upper stage of the rocket.
These objects are positioned approximately 280 miles (450 kilometers) above the Earth’s
surface.
Noor 3: An Imaging Satellite
Noor 3 is classified as an imaging satellite. This designation indicates that the satellite is
equipped with imaging technology for capturing high-resolution images of Earth’s
surface. Notably, Noor 1 and Noor 2, the satellite’s predecessors, were also launched
aboard Qased rockets in April 2020 and March 2022, respectively.
Noor 2 Still Operational
While Noor 1 re-entered Earth’s atmosphere in April 2022, Noor 2 remains operational.
There is speculation that Noor 3 may collaborate with Noor 2 once it becomes operational.
Both satellites are currently in a similar orbital plane, suggesting the possibility of
coordinated activities. The Noor 3 was launched to the current altitude of Noor 2. In
contrast, when Noor 2 was launched, Noor 1 was already on its way to re-entry.
Dual Purpose: Satellite Launches and Concerns
Iran’s satellite launch activities draw international attention because the technology used
in these missions closely resembles that of long-range missiles capable of delivering
weapons, including nuclear warheads. Iran maintains that its satellite launches serve
peaceful purposes exclusively.
While Iran is not confirmed to possess nuclear weapons, it possesses sufficient highly
enriched uranium to potentially manufacture a limited number of atomic bombs,

according to the United Nations.
The U.S. and its allies have imposed sanctions on Iran since the 1979 revolution, which led
to the establishment of a theocratic regime. Recently, the Biden administration imposed a
fresh round of sanctions, targeting individuals and entities in Iran, Russia, China, and
Turkey, citing connections to Tehran’s drone and military aircraft development.
Indian Startups Unite to Challenge Google Play Billing System
In a significant move, forty Indian startups and companies have joined forces to establish
a task force aimed at challenging Google and its Google Play Billing System (GPBS). This
initiative is coordinated under the banner of the Internet and Mobile Association of India
(IAMAI).
The Google Play Billing System (GPBS)
Google’s GPBS has mandated that all in-app purchases must go through its payment
gateway, along with imposing a 30 percent commission on such transactions. However, a
ruling by the Competition Commission of India (CCI) led Google to replace GPBS with a
user-choice billing system in India.

Potential Legal Action
The task force, while exploring various options, has not ruled out the possibility of taking
legal action against Google if deemed necessary. Google is scheduled to present before
the task force, providing insights that may influence the task force’s subsequent actions. It
is worth noting that Google also has a representative within the task force.
IAMAI’s Resolution
Recent developments within IAMAI have added to the context. IAMAI has proposed a
resolution suggesting that the chairperson of the organization should be from an Indian
firm. Furthermore, the proposal recommends reserving 50 percent of seats on the
governing council for Indian companies. The resolution seeks procedural changes to
enhance organizational transparency and internal coherence. It stipulates that any new
council or committee formation should receive approval through a vote by the executive
and governing council.
Upcoming NCLAT Hearing
In a related development, the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) has
scheduled a hearing for Google’s appeal against the CCI’s imposition of a Rs 936.44 crore
penalty on November 28. This penalty was imposed on Google for allegedly abusing its
dominant market position concerning Play Store policies.
Earlier this year, on January 11, the NCLAT bench had declined Google’s request for
interim relief from the penalty, directing the company to deposit 10 percent of the fine
with its registry. The matter was then scheduled for a hearing on April 17, 2023.
New Earthquake Threat Discovered in Pacific Northwest
A recent study led by the University of Arizona has unearthed a new earthquake threat to
the Pacific Northwest. Researchers utilized tree ring analysis to pinpoint a significant
seismic event in the Puget Lowlands of western Washington around late A.D. 923 or early
924.
Parallel to Turkey-Syria Earthquakes
The study revealed that similar shallow faults, located less than 18 miles beneath the
surface, ruptured approximately 1,000 years ago. These events mirrored recent
devastating earthquakes that struck the Turkey-Syria border, including a 7.8-magnitude
quake followed by another nearly as large nine hours later.
Threat to Over 4 Million Residents
This newfound earthquake threat poses a substantial risk to over 4 million residents in the
Pacific Northwest, encompassing major cities like Seattle, Tacoma, and Olympia. The
researchers noted that the ancient seismic event in this region could have been either a
solitary earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 7.8 or a sequence of twin quakes
occurring consecutively, with magnitudes of about 7.5 and 7.3.
Interconnected Shallow Faults
One significant revelation from the study was the interconnectedness of these shallow
faults. These events on shallow faults are intricately linked, either through subterranean
connections or by the transference of stress from one fault to another. Current regional
hazard models, used for engineering design and policies, do not account for this
earthquake threat but should, according to Professor Bryan Black, the study’s first author.
Discovery of Shallow Faults
Scientists have identified shallow faults in the region since the 1960s, including the Seattle
Fault, Saddle Mountain Fault, Tacoma Fault, and Olympia Fault. Prior to this study, it was
uncertain when and how these faults had last ruptured.
Synchronicity in Tree Deaths
To investigate further, researchers collected samples from tree stumps that perished
during previous seismic events. Using underwater chainsaws on makeshift barges, they
extracted samples from trees that died during the millennial cluster of earthquakes.
Comparing the growth patterns of ancient trees with those still alive, the study found
synchronicity in the timing of tree deaths across different fault lines.
Changing Understanding of Hazard
Demonstrating that these faults can rupture synchronously or in rapid succession has
significantly altered the understanding of the hazard in the region. Current hazard models
do not recognize the possibility of linked faulting.
Potential for Rapid Succession
In the event of simultaneous or rapid succession ruptures of faults like Saddle Mountain
and Seattle, the impact could be on par with the 1906 earthquake in San Francisco. The
infrastructure and landforms, already weakened by one quake, would be further damaged
by the second, potentially causing significant destruction.
NASA's $1 Billion Plan to Retire the ISS
The International Space Station (ISS) is a unique space station in lower Earth orbit, serving
as a collaborative platform for five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA,
ESA, and CSA. It is not only the largest artificial object in space but also the largest satellite
in low Earth orbit. Often visible from Earth’s surface, the ISS has been a hub for various
scientific endeavors.
NASA’s Retirement Plan
Recently, NASA unveiled its plan to retire the ISS and bring it back to Earth, a monumental
endeavor estimated at $1 billion. This ambitious retirement plan involves the development
of a new orbital vehicle crucial for the process. NASA released an industry solicitation on
September 20, seeking a platform known as the US Deorbit Vehicle (USDV) to assist in the
safe return of the ISS.
The Role of the USDV
Described as a ‘space tug,’ the USDV’s primary purpose is to maneuver the ISS from its
current position 175 miles above Earth to an altitude of approximately 75 miles. This
action marks the initial step in the retirement process. NASA emphasized the need for a
“safe, reliable, and cost-effective de-orbit vehicle” for this mission.
The Mir Space Station Parallel
Experts have drawn a parallel with the Mir space station, noting that such re-entries have
been conducted before. During this process, many tons of material will re-enter Earth’s
atmosphere, eventually splashing down in the ocean. There will be a warning to clear
airspace, as such re-entries occur approximately once a month for smaller spacecraft like
ISS cargo ships.
Challenges in the Descent
While the ISS can be safely lowered to an altitude of about 250 km, beyond that point, the
specialized USDV is required to take over steering. The process is likened to driving on a
windy motorway, where substantial muscle power is needed to maintain control. Losing
control and causing the ISS to tumble would be problematic, as it would hinder the ability
to direct the rocket engines effectively.
The ISS’s Role in Scientific Research
The ISS has served as an invaluable platform for space scientists for over two decades.
Researchers have used its unique environment to conduct experiments across various
domains, including biological, physical, biomedicine, materials, Earth, and space sciences.
The space station, weighing 444,615 kg, has facilitated groundbreaking research and
development.
The Role of the ISS Crew
The ISS’s crew has been an integral part of experiments, volunteering as test subjects for
studies related to human adaptation to microgravity. In addition to their research roles,
they handle everyday tasks such as cooking and cleaning during their extended stays.
These long-duration experiments are essential for enabling human exploration of the
solar system.
Swiss Glaciers Lose 10% Volume in Two Years
Switzerland’s picturesque glaciers are facing an alarming crisis, with figures released on
Thursday revealing that they have lost a staggering ten per cent of their ice volume over a
mere two-year period. This dramatic loss is attributed to a combination of factors,
including low snowfall and soaring temperatures, culminating in unprecedented melting.

Record Melting in 2023
According to data from the Swiss Commission for Cryosphere Observation of the Swiss
Academy of Sciences, Swiss glaciers experienced a four per cent loss of their total volume
in 2023. This level of melting is second only to the record set in 2022 when six per cent of
glaciers were lost. Astonishingly, Swiss glaciers have lost as much ice in these two years as
they did over the entire three decades between 1960 and 1990.
Dramatic Consequences
The repercussions of these two extreme years have been dire, with glacier tongues
collapsing and many small glaciers in Switzerland disappearing entirely. For instance, the
St. Annafirn glacier in the Uri canton has shrunk to the point where monitoring has
ceased.
High-Altitude Ice Loss
The crisis extends to high-altitude regions that typically do not experience such dramatic
declines. GLAMOS reported ice loss of several meters in southern Valais and the Engadin
Valley, occurring at altitudes exceeding 3,200 meters (10,500 feet).

Snowfall Deficits and Soaring Temperatures
The root causes of this glacier crisis are attributed to a winter with extremely low snowfall,
particularly during the second half of February when snow levels reached a record low,
amounting to just 30 per cent of the long-term average. Subsequently, a summer
characterized by exceptionally high temperatures accelerated the melting process, with
snow disappearing two to four weeks earlier than usual in a scorching June.
Fuzhou-Xiamen-Zhangzhou Railway Line
China has unveiled its groundbreaking high-speed rail line, marking a significant leap in
transportation infrastructure. This railway, known as the Fuzhou-Xiamen-Zhangzhou
railway, not only traverses several bays but also hugs the picturesque coastline of Fujian
province, located near the Taiwan Strait. The project represents a remarkable feat in rail
engineering and promises to transform travel dynamics in the region.
Inaugural Journey
The inaugural journey commenced as a bullet train departed from Fuzhou, the capital of
Fujian province, on a historic morning. The railway, spanning an impressive 277 kilometers
(172 miles), offers passengers a swift and seamless transit experience. The Fuzhou-
Xiamen-Zhangzhou railway is a monumental achievement, connecting major cities and
delivering top speeds of 350 kilometers per hour (218 mph).
Crossing Coastal Bays
China State Railway Group Co Ltd, the nation’s premier railway operator, proudly declared
that this railway is China’s first cross-sea, high-speed rail line. It proudly features bullet
trains crossing three coastal bays using state-of-the-art bridges. Travelers are in for a treat
as they zip along the coast, relishing scenic views and swift travel.
Reduced Travel Time
One of the railway’s most appealing attributes is its ability to significantly reduce travel
time between key cities. The journey from Fuzhou to Xiamen, a thriving economic hub and
a beloved tourist destination, will now take less than an hour. This drastic reduction in
travel time is expected to enhance regional connectivity and bolster economic prospects.
Engineering Marvel
China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co Ltd played a pivotal role in designing
and executing this ambitious railway project. By 2022, China had amassed an impressive
42,000 kilometers of operational high-speed rail. Additionally, the length of high-speed rail
networks operating at speeds of 350 kilometers per hour approached 3,200 kilometers as
of June 2022.
Taiwan Integration Plans
China’s strategic vision includes integrating Fujian with Taiwan, a neighboring island
province. This railway project aligns with China’s ambition to foster investment
opportunities and streamline travel between these regions. The comprehensive
transportation network in Fujian is envisioned as the foundation for future high-speed
transport passages connecting the province with Taiwan.
Taiwan’s Response
Taiwan has expressed reservations regarding previous proposals by China to connect the
island to China’s extensive rail network. Such endeavors would necessitate the
construction of the world’s longest undersea tunnel beneath the Taiwan Strait. The
Mainland Affairs Council in Taiwan emphasized that such infrastructure projects cannot be
decided unilaterally and must be discussed with host countries, even China’s overseas Belt
and Road investments.
A Technological Marvel
In another display of technological prowess, China recently unveiled its first commercial
suspended monorail line in Wuhan, Hubei province. Covering 10.5 kilometers (6.5 miles),
this fully automated monorail requires human operation only in emergencies, showcasing
China’s commitment to innovation and modern transportation solutions.
Assam Promotes Pipe Composting
In Assam, a sustainable and straightforward solution for managing biodegradable waste
at the household level is gaining momentum. The state is actively endorsing pipe
composting, a technology that efficiently converts organic waste into compost, particularly
in its rural communities. This eco-friendly initiative is making a significant impact on waste
management practices.
Pipe Composting in Biswanath District
The district water and sanitation committee in Assam’s Biswanath district has been
championing the cause of pipe composting, especially in schools, for managing
biodegradable waste generated during midday meals. This environmentally friendly
method has proven to be a viable and efficient way to handle organic waste.
How Pipe Composting Works
Step 1: Installation
Pipe composting involves the use of PVC pipes, which are placed vertically in the
ground.
Step 2: Waste Collection
Only biodegradable waste, such as leftover food, fruit and vegetable peels, flowers,
dung, agricultural waste, among others, is disposed of into these pipes.
Step 3: Accelerating Decomposition
Every two weeks, a mixture of cow dung and dry leaves, along with water, is added to
the pipes to accelerate the growth of decomposing organisms.
Step 4: Protection from Rainwater
It’s essential to keep the pipes closed to prevent rainwater from entering.
Step 5: Compost Harvest
After approximately two months, the composted manure is ready for harvest. This is
achieved by lifting the pipe.
Benefits of Pipe Composting
1. Efficient Waste Conversion: Pipe composting swiftly transforms biodegradable
waste into valuable manure without causing harm to the environment.

2. Hygienic School Environment: This method helps schools maintain cleanliness and
hygiene within their campuses.
3. Odorless and Fly-Proof: Pipe composting is odorless and effectively keeps flies at
bay.
4. Space Efficiency: The system is designed to make the most of available space.
5. Sustainability: The same pipes can be reused, making the system sustainable and
cost-effective.
6. Educational Opportunity: Pipe composting offers students a chance to learn about
the science and ecology of decomposition, the role of microorganisms and
invertebrates, and the significance of responsible waste management and
sustainability.
September 30, 2023
IGMS 2.0 Public Grievance Portal
In a significant move towards enhancing government responsiveness and efficiency,
Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh recently unveiled several groundbreaking initiatives.
These initiatives are aimed at improving the grievance redressal system and promoting
transparent and citizen-centric governance.
IGMS 2.0 Public Grievance Portal
The Intelligent Grievance Monitoring System (IGMS) 2.0 Dashboard is a groundbreaking
tool developed in collaboration with IIT Kanpur under an MoU with the Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG). This innovative portal utilizes the
power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to streamline the grievance redressal process.
Real-time Analysis: One of the key features of IGMS 2.0 is its real-time tabular analysis of
grievances. It provides insights into both filed and resolved grievances, categorizing them
by state, district, and ministry. This feature empowers government officials to efficiently
track and manage grievances, ensuring a more responsive system.

Root Cause Identification: IGMS 2.0 goes beyond tracking and provides the capability to
identify the root causes of grievances. Understanding these underlying issues is crucial for
effective resolution and addressing citizen concerns comprehensively.
Multilingual Accessibility
The efforts of DARPG to make the Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring
System (CPGRAMS) portal available in 22 scheduled languages, in addition to English.
Reduced Grievance Resolution Time
Over the years, there has been a significant reduction in the average time taken to
address public grievances by Central Ministries and Departments. Thanks to the reforms
in CPGRAMS implemented by DARPG, the average disposal time has been reduced to just
18 days in 2023, down from 32 days in 2021. This represents a nearly 50% reduction in the
time it takes to resolve grievances, making government services more efficient and
responsive.
M S Swaminathan Passes Away
M S Swaminathan, the renowned agricultural scientist often referred to as the “Pioneer of

the Green Revolution in India,” passed away at the age of 98. He left behind a legacy of
agricultural innovation and food security.
A Distinguished Career
Throughout his illustrious career, Swaminathan held various key roles in India’s
agricultural landscape. From serving as the Director of the Indian Agricultural Research
Institute to being the Director General of the ICAR and Secretary to the Government of
India in the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, he left an indelible mark
in every position. His contributions extended internationally as well, serving as the
Director General of the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines.
The National Commission on Farmers
In 2004, Swaminathan was appointed as the chair of the National Commission on Farmers,
a critical role during a period of widespread farmer distress and alarming suicide rates.
The commission presented its report in 2006, making groundbreaking recommendations,
including the proposal that the Minimum Selling Price (MSP) should be at least 50 percent
more than the weighted average cost of production.
The Legacy Lives On
Despite his passing, M.S. Swaminathan’s legacy lives on through the MS Swaminathan
Research Foundation (MSSRF), which he established in Taramani, Chennai, after receiving
the first World Food Prize in 1987. His numerous accolades, including the Padma Shri,
Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan, and international awards, serve as enduring
testaments to his remarkable contributions to agriculture and science.
TRAI Consultation Paper on “Digital Transformation through 5G Ecosystem”
In a significant move, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has recently
released a consultation paper titled “Digital Transformation through 5G Ecosystem.” This
paper aims to address policy challenges and establish an effective policy framework for
the accelerated adoption and efficient utilization of new technologies, ultimately fostering
holistic and sustainable development in India powered by the 5G ecosystem.
India’s Digital Transformation Journey
The Ministry of Communications has emphasized the rapid digital transformation
unfolding in India, reshaping both its economy and society. Swift and reliable mobile
communication technologies are instrumental in achieving the goals set forth by the
Digital India program. These technologies not only provide an economic boost but also
empower citizens through services like the unified payment interface (UPI) and various
innovative government-to-business (G2B) and government-to-citizen (G2C) applications.
Unlocking New Horizons with 5G
With the advent of transformative technologies such as 5G, Internet of Things (IoT),
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR), and the Metaverse, India
stands at the threshold of new opportunities for growth and innovation. These
technologies promise to revolutionize various sectors, creating a dynamic landscape ripe
for progress.
The Journey of 5G in India

India’s journey with 5G began on October 1, 2022, when the 5G service was officially
launched. Telecom service providers are aggressively rolling out 5G networks across the
country. The government has taken proactive measures to build 5G infrastructure and
promote research and development (R&D). TRAI has also provided recommendations to
expedite the deployment of 5G networks and services within the nation.
Collaborative Efforts for 5G Success
To fully harness the potential of 5G, cross-sectoral collaboration is essential. Beyond
infrastructure deployment, the development and implementation of new use cases for
both consumers and enterprises are crucial. When 5G is combined with AI, extended
reality (XR), and IoT, it can unlock substantial benefits for businesses and society.
Overcoming Challenges for 5G Adoption
Realizing the full benefits of 5G technology necessitates several key factors. These include
upgrading infrastructure, fiberization for 5G deployment, and network densification.
Furthermore, factors such as dedicated R&D investments to create India-specific use
cases, increasing enterprise penetration, enhancing device affordability, and promoting
consumer adoption all play pivotal roles in the successful adoption of 5G.
TRAI’s Vision for India’s 5G Future
In pursuit of these objectives, TRAI has taken the initiative to release this consultation
paper independently. Its purpose is to identify policy challenges and establish a suitable
policy framework to expedite the adoption and effective utilization of new technologies.
Through this effort, India aims to achieve holistic and sustainable development, driven by
the dynamic and transformative 5G ecosystem.
SC Maintains Status Quo on Archaka Appointments in TN Temples
The Supreme Court of India recently issued an order to maintain the status quo regarding
the appointment of archakas (priests) in Tamil Nadu temples governed by the Agamic
tradition. This decision came in response to a writ petition filed by the ‘Srirangam Koil
Miras Kainkaryaparagal Matrum Athanai Sarntha Koilgalin Miraskain-karyaparargalin
Nalasangam,’ an association of archakas.
Legal Proceedings Unfold
The bench of Justices AS Bopanna issued the notice on the writ petition and stated that “in
the meantime, the status quo relating to archakaship in Agamic temples in question shall
be continued in the same manner until further orders.”
Challenging Government Orders
The petition sought the court’s intervention to quash the Tamil Nadu Government’s
orders dated July 27, 2023, and the Government letter of August 28, 2023. These orders
attempted to alter the hereditary scheme of appointing archakas from a particular
denomination in Agama temples. The government aimed to open these appointments to
individuals from other denominations who had completed a one-year certificate course
for archakas in government-run schools.
The Significance of Agamic Temples
The petitioner association emphasized that many prominent Shaivite and Vaishnavite
temples in Tamil Nadu were constructed in accordance with Agamas, and their worship
follows Agamic traditions.
Protection of Essential Religious Practices
The plea argued that the state government’s attempts to appoint non-believers as
archakas were against the law and aimed at undermining temples in the state. It stressed
that the Constitution of India protects essential religious practices, and Agamas fall within
this category. Therefore, a secular government does not have the authority to interfere
with such practices.
Training and Tradition
The petition also highlighted that expertise in Agamas is not acquired through one-year
certificate courses but rather through years of rigorous training under knowledgeable
Gurus. Archakas typically receive initiation (Deekshai or Samskara) from their Guru or
Acharya, often their own fathers, at a young age, typically between five and seven years.
Subsequently, they undergo intensive Vedic education for a minimum of three years.
Afterward, they are groomed to perform Poojas and Homams for an additional three to
five years before assuming the role of Archakas.
Upholding Agama Traditions
The petitions pointed out that previous Supreme Court rulings, such as the 1972 case
Seshammal and Others vs State of Tamil Nadu and the 2016 case Adi Saiva Sivachariyargal
Nala Sangam v Government of Tamil Nadu, have affirmed that Archakas of Agama
temples should be appointed in accordance with Agama traditions. The recent order seeks
to ensure the continuation of this practice.
120 MCQs
These questions are sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2023 Daily 20 MCQ Series in GKToday
Academy Android Application.
1. India recently organised its first ‘Investment Forum 2023’ with which country?
[A] UAE
[B] Saudi Arabia
[C] Australia
[D] Germany
India-Saudi Arabia Investment Forum 2023 was organized in New Delhi. This is the first formal
investment symposium between the two nations. Over 500 companies from both countries participated
in the event. The Saudi Crown Prince had previously announced an investment of approximately $100
billion in various sectors of the Indian economy. The forum also witnessed the signing of over 45 MoUs,
aimed at deepening economic engagement and boosting investment flows.
2. Which city is the host of ‘Workshop on Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting
(BRSR)’?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Chennai
[C] Gandhi Nagar
[D] Bhubaneswar
Answer: Mumbai
The Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA), in partnership with UNICEF and the National Stock
Exchange (NSE), organized a workshop on Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR)
in Mumbai. The BRSR framework, rooted in the nine principles of the National Guidelines for Responsible
Business Conduct (NGRBC), mandates top 1000 listed companies to disclose their performance on
environmental, social, and governance aspects.
3. Which Union Ministry organised the ‘International Conference on Dam Safety’?
[A] Ministry of Jal Shakti
[B] Ministry of MSME
[D] Ministry of Coal
Answer: Ministry of Jal Shakti
The Ministry of Jal Shakti's Department of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga
Rejuvenation is organizing the International Conference on Dam Safety (ICDS) in Jaipur. The conference
was inaugurated under the theme "Safe & Secure Dams Ensure Nation's Prosperity." With India hosting
over 6,000 dams, this event focuses on enhancing dam safety, discussing cutting-edge topics, and
highlighting the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP) Phase II and III.
4. Araku coffee, which was one of the gifts presented to leaders at G-20 summit, is from which state?
[A] Kerala
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Assam
[D] West Bengal
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
During the recent G20 Summit in Delhi, world leaders were presented with a selection of handcrafted
gifts representing India's diverse cultural heritage. These gifts included such as Kannauj's famous ittar,
Kashmiri saffron, Araku coffee from Andhra Pradesh, and tea from the Nilgiris, all packaged in a chest
adorned with brass detailing. The gift also featured Sundarbans honey, Zighrana Ittar from Kannauj,
Pashmina shawls from Changthangi goats, Khadi scarves symbolizing India's freedom struggle, and
commemorative coins and stamps.
5. Nyoma airfield, which was seen in the news, is located in which state/UT?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Ladakh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Punjab
Answer: Ladakh
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh virtually inaugurated 90 infrastructure projects built by the Border Roads
Organisation (BRO) at a cost exceeding ₹2,900 crore. The projects span 11 States and Union Territories,
including two revamped airfields, Bagdogra and Barrackpore, in West Bengal, and the Nyoma airfield in
Eastern Ladakh, which will boost air infrastructure and augment the Indian Air Force's (IAF) capabilities
along the Northern border.
6. An invasive non-native ant species, the red fire ant, has been detected in which country?
[A] India
[B] Italy
[C] Indonesia
[D] Germany
Answer: Italy
A study warns that the invasive non-native ant species, the red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), has become
established in Italy and poses a threat to Europe and the UK due to global heating. These ants have a
powerful sting, damage crops, and can infest electrical equipment. They are known to form “super
colonies” rapidly, prey on invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants, and out-compete native ants, insects,
and herbivores for food. The red fire ant is considered one of the most destructive invasive species
globally, causing an estimated $6 billion in damage each year.
7. Which city approved the 'Aspirational City Scheme' for 100 Most Backward Urban Areas?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Assam
The Uttar Pradesh cabinet has approved the implementation of the 'Aspirational City Scheme' in 100 of
the most backward urban areas with populations ranging from 20,000 to 1 lakh. Under this scheme,
projects will be executed through funding from government schemes, including central and state
government programs, as well as MP and MLA funds. The selection of these 100 aspirational urban
areas will be based on 16 parameters set by NITI Aayog among the 762 urban areas.
8. Which city is the host of ‘Second Edition of ICAR-CIBA’s Shrimp Farmers Conclave-2023’?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Navsari
[C] Panaji
[D] Chennai
Answer: Navsari
The Second Edition of ICAR-CIBA's Shrimp Farmers Conclave-2023 was inaugurated by Union Minister
Parshottam Rupala, in Navsari, Gujarat. Key highlights include the signing of MoU between CIBA and the
National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) for aquaculture crop insurance and technology support
for Fish Farmers Producer Organizations (FFPO). A shrimp crop insurance product by Agriculture
Insurance Company of India Limited was also launched.
9. Which state introduced a bill to exclude regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?
[A] Assam
[B] West Bengal
[C] Gujarat
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Assam
The Assam government has introduced a bill that aims to exclude entities regulated by the Reserve Bank
of India (RBI) from the ambit of the Assam Microfinance Institution (Regulation of Money Lending) Act,
2020. This move is intended to prevent dual regulation of such entities in the state. The 2020 Act was
initially applied to all RBI-regulated entities, including NBFC-MFIs. However, the recent amendment
seeks to remove these entities from the scope of the Act, aligning with RBI regulations.
10. Which institution released its research on business value of Household and Personal Care
Sector, when focussed on nature?
[A] WEF
[B] IMF
[C] NABARD
[D] NITI Aayog

Answer: WEF
The household products and personal care sector has the potential to create an additional $62 billion in
annual business value by 2030 if it places a central emphasis on nature in its operations, according to
research by the World Economic Forum (WEF). The WEF’s broader projection estimates a $10.1 trillion
business opportunity by 2030 if more nature-positive solutions are embraced by the private sector.
11. Which country has won their first-ever FIBA Basketball World Cup title?
[A] France
[B] Germany
[C] Spain
[D] Italy
Answer: Germany
Germany have won their first-ever FIBA Basketball World Cup title by beating Serbia 83-77. Germany
became the first team to win a FIBA World Cup crown in their final debut since Spain in 2006. The two
teams, who boast strong teamwork and chemistry, traded baskets in the first half, and entered the break
at 47 apiece. But Germany built up a 12-point lead late on in the third quarter.
12. India handed over the G-20 Presidency to which country?
[A] Indonesia
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Brazil
[D] UAE
Answer: Brazil
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi handed over the ceremonial gavel to Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio
Lula Da Silva, initiating the process of transition of the President’s Chair for the next round of the G-20 in
Brazil. Brazil officially will take over the mantle of the presidency on December 1 this year. Modi also
proposed a virtual session of the G20 around the end of November to take stock of the suggestions and
decisions made at the leaders’ summit.
13. Which North-Indian state has unveiled its new State Education Policy, 2023?
[A] Uttarakhand
[B] Assam
[C] West Bengal
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: West Bengal
The West Bengal government has come up with the State Education Policy, 2023, which recommends a
three-language formula for Classes 5 to 8, with emphasis on Bengali. The committee also recommends
that Bangla [Bengali] as a subject may be introduced from Class 1 to Class 10 for students of other
mediums of instruction.
14. What is L-1, specified in the Aditya-L1 observatory?
[A] First Sun-Earth Lagrangian point
[B] First Sun-Moon Lagrangian point
[C] First Moon-Earth Lagrangian point
[D] First Space-Earth Lagrangian point
Answer: First Sun-Earth Lagrangian point
Aditya-L1 is the first Indian space-based observatory to study the Sun from a halo orbit around the first
Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L1), which is located roughly 1.5 million km from the Earth. The first,
second and third earth-bound manoeuvre was successfully performed on September 3, 5 and 10
respectively. The manoeuvres are being performed during the spacecraft's 16-day journey around the
Earth during which the spacecraft will gain the necessary velocity for its further journey to L1.
15. Which public sector unit's subsidiary has signed MoU with Nayara Energy to explore
opportunities in the Green Hydrogen?
[A] GAIL
[B] NTPC
[C] BHEL
[D] BEL
Answer: NTPC
NTPC Green Energy Limited (NGEL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of NTPC Limited and Nayara Energy, a
new-age international downstream Energy Company of International scale, have entered into a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) today to explore opportunities in the Green Hydrogen and Green
Energy space. The MoU envisages to collaborate and produce Green Hydrogen for Nayara Energy's
captive usage, accelerate decarbonisation and catalyse reduction in carbon footprint.
16. Which cricketer surpassed Sachin Tendulkar to become the opener with most number of
centuries?
[A] David Warner
[B] Virat Kohli
[C] Ravindra Jadeja
[D] Joe Root
Answer: David Warner
Australian batter David Warner surpassed Sachin Tendulkar to become the opener with the most number
of centuries in international cricket. The 36-year-old batter accomplished this milestone against South
Africa in the second ODI. This is Warner's 46th international century, the most by an opener.
17. Election Commissioner Arun Goel visited which country to monitor the 2023 Presidential
Election?
[A] Afghanistan
[B] Cambodia
[C] Maldives
[D] Mauritius
Answer: Maldives
A three-member delegation led by Election Commissioner Arun Goel visited the Maldives to monitor the
2023 Presidential Election. The team visited 22 polling stations in Male and Hulhumale to observe the
voting process, voter registration, and booth arrangements. The election's first round did not produce a
decisive winner, as neither President Ibrahim Solih nor opposition candidate Mohammed Muizzu
secured over 50 percent of the vote.
18. Vithya Ramraj, who was seen in the news, is associated with which sports?
[A] Athletics
[B] Chess
[C] Cricket
[D] Squash
Answer: Athletics
Tamil Nadu’s Vithya Ramraj has won the women’s 400m in a personal best 52.40s at the Indian Grand
Prix-5 athletics in Chandigarh. Himanshi, the fastest quarter-miler in the Asiad relay team with her
51.76s at the recent inter-State Nationals in Bhubaneswar, could only finish 15th overall.
19. Which badminton player has won the China Open title?
[A] K Srikanth
[B] Viktor Axelsen

[C] Lakshya Sen
[D] Chirag Shetty
Answer: Viktor Axelsen
Olympic champion Viktor Axelsen clinched his first China Open title after defeating unseeded Lu Guang
Zu. His earlier Grand Slam of Super 1000 titles include the All England Open, the Indonesia Open and the
Malaysia Open. South Korean top seed An Se Young became the women’s singles champion, beating
second seeded Yamaguchi Akane. She landed her ninth title of the year in the women's singles.
20. As per a recent API Survey, what per cent of adults have taken any one of adult vaccines?
[A] 6 %
[B] 16 %
[C] 26 %
[D] 36 %
Answer: 16 %
A survey was conducted by the Association of Physicians of India (API) and Ipsos in 16 cities among
adults aged 50 years and older. It revealed that although 71% of adults (50 years and above) surveyed
were aware of adult vaccination, only 16% had taken any adult vaccines. It reveals that formal guidelines
are not available to enforce adult immunisation.
21. Which country has claimed to have regained control of Black Sea oil platform?
[A] Ukraine
[B] Russia
[C] Belarus
[D] Iran
Answer: Ukraine
Ukrainian forces have regained control of several gas and oil offshore drilling platforms close to Crimea
from Russia, Ukraine’s military intelligence (GUR) has said. The GUR said that Kyiv’s forces had retaken
the drilling platforms known as the “Boyko Towers” in a “unique operation”.
22. India has offered to explore direct listing of its businesses on which exchange?
[A] London Stock Exchange
[B] Euro Stoxx 50
[C] TR Canada 50
[D] Shanghai Stock Exchange
Answer: London Stock Exchange
The 12th India-UK Economic and Financial Dialogue steered by United Kingdom (UK) Chancellor Jeremy
Hunt and India’s Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman. He announced that he was pleased with the first
confirmation by India that it will explore the LSE as an international destination for the direct listing of
Indian companies
23. When is the International Day for South-South Cooperation observed?
[A] July 12
[B] August 12
[C] September 12
[D] October 12
Answer: September 12
The International Day for South-South Cooperation is observed on 12 September every year. This year,
the theme is ‘Solidarity, Equity and Partnership: Unlocking South-South Cooperation to Achieve the
SDGs’. South-South cooperation is a manifestation of solidarity among peoples and countries of the
South that contributes to their national well-being, their national and collective self-reliance and the
attainment of development goals.
24. What is the name of the campaign launched by Union Health Ministry, to mark Prime Minister’s
birthday?
[A] Ayushman Bhav campaign
[B] Bharath Bhav campaign
[C] Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign
[D] Bharat Arogya campaign
Answer: Ayushman Bhav campaign
The Union Health Ministry launched a country-wide health campaign ‘Ayushman Bhav’ on September 17
to mark Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 73rd birthday. The comprehensive health campaign was
inaugurated by President Droupadi Murmu, marking the beginning of an extensive healthcare drive set to
benefit millions.
25. India discussed with which country on utilization of new transport corridors like Northern Sea
Route (NSR) and the Eastern Maritime Corridor (EMC)?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] South Korea
[D] Maldives
Answer: Russia
The Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal, met with the Minister of the
Russian Federation for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic, in Vladivostok, Russia. The
leaders discussed various aspects of maritime cooperation between India and Russia, including the
utilization of new transport corridors like the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the Eastern Maritime
Corridor (EMC) between Vladivostok and Chennai. They also agreed to train Indian seafarers in Polar
and Arctic waters at the Russian Maritime Training Institute in Vladivostok.
26. Which public sector bank launched online allotment of safe deposit locker facility?
[A] Canara Bank
[B] Punjab National Bank
[C] Indian Bank
[D] Indian Overseas Bank
Answer: Indian Overseas Bank
Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) has announced an online allotment of safe deposit locker facility for its
customers and non-customers. The new facility can be accessed online just by logging into the bank’s
portal. The bank’s customers and non-customers can avail the locker facility without physically visiting a
branch, as per the public sector lender.
27. Libya, which was hit by floods, is in which region?
[A] South-Asia
[B] Africa
[C] South-America
[D] Australia
Answer: Africa
Around 2,300 people dead and several others missing in Libya floods. 10,000 people were missing after
the unprecedented flooding. The flash floods killed more than 2,300 people in Derna, the emergency
services of the Tripoli-based government. More than 5,000 people were still missing in Derna and about
7,000 others were injured by the force of floodwaters that rushed down a normally dry river valley and hit
the city.
28. International Hockey Federation (FIH) withdrew hosting rights of the Olympic qualifiers from
which country?
[A] India
[B] Pakistan
[C] Saudi Arabia
[D] Australia
Answer: Pakistan
International Hockey Federation (FIH) has withdrawn hosting rights of the Olympic qualifiers from
Pakistan Hockey Federation. Men’s FIH Hockey Olympic Qualifier tournament was earlier scheduled in
January 2024. This is primarily due to the recent developments in the governance situation of the
Federation.
29. Which country has launched ‘AlHosn app’ to track children’s vaccination?
[A] Israel
[B] South Korea
[C] Bahrain
[D] UAE
Answer: UAE
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) will use the upgraded AlHosn app to track children's vaccinations, and
children will not be allowed in schools if their vaccination records are not updated on the app. UAE's
national vaccination schedule includes mandatory vaccines for infants and children. The upgraded
AlHosn app provides comprehensive vaccination records for children from birth to 18 years.
30. Which institution has launched 'Sarpanch Samvaad' mobile application?
[A] Ministry of Panchayati Raj
[B] Quality Council of India
[C] Supreme Court of India
[D] Ministry of Cooperation
Answer: Quality Council of India
The Governor of Assam, Gulab Chand Kataria, unveiled the 'Sarpanch Samvaad' mobile application
developed by the Quality Council of India (QCI). This app is part of the Sarpanch Samvaad initiative,
which aims to connect approximately 2.5 lakh Sarpanchs (elected village heads) across India. The
initiative provides a platform for networking, knowledge sharing, and collaboration among Sarpanchs.
31. Which institution released ‘Global Debt Database update’?
[A] World Economic Forum
[B] International Monetary Fund
[C] World Bank
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) reported that global debt as a share of economic output
decreased for the second consecutive year in 2022, but this trend may be ending as the post-COVID
growth surge wanes. According to the IMF's Global Debt Database update, the world's total debt-to-GDP
ratio fell to 238% in 2022, down from 248% in 2021 and 258% in 2020. However, despite the decline over
the past two years, global debt remains well above the 2019 level of 238% of GDP.
32. TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures) based framework to Combat Cybercrime Targeting
Humans, has been developed by which institution?
[A] IIT Kanpur
[B] Central Bureau of Investigation
[C] Intelligence Bureau
[D] Enforcement Directorate
Answer: IIT Kanpur
Recently, A novel cybercrime investigation tool, the TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures)-based
cybercrime investigation framework has been developed by IIT Kanpur's c3ihub with support from the
Department of Science and Technology. This framework offers a comprehensive solution, enabling law
enforcement agencies to effectively combat cybercrimes and significantly reduce cybercrime activities
in the country.
33. The foundation stone of Downstream Petrochemical Complex and Refinery Expansion Project ahs
been laid in which state?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Rajasthan
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, laid the foundation stone of Downstream Petrochemical Complex and
Refinery Expansion Project, at BPCL’s Bina Refinery in Madhya Pradesh. This state-of-the-art refinery,
which will be developed at a cost of about Rs. 49,000 crore, and will produce about 1200 Kilo-Tonnes
Per Annum of ethylene and propylene, which are vital components for various sectors like textiles,
packaging, pharma, among others.
34. Which Ministry is associated with OIML (International Organization of Legal Metrology)
Certificates?
[A] Ministry of Consumer Affairs and Food Distribution
[B] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of MSME
Answer: Ministry of Consumer Affairs and Food Distribution
India becomes the 13th country in world that can issue Internationally Accepted OIML (International
Organization of Legal Metrology) Certificates. OIML is an Intergovernmental organization which was
established in 1955. It has 63 Member States and 64 Corresponding Members and India became its
member in 1956. India has now become authority for issuing internationally accepted OIML certificate
for selling weights and measures anywhere in the world. Department of Consumer Affairs can issue
OIML Pattern Approval certificate.
35. Which city is the host of ‘4th G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group Meeting’?
[A] Gandhi Nagar
[B] Varanasi
[C] Mysuru
[D] Guwahati
Answer: Varanasi
The G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group (SFWG) meeting witnessed engagement from over 80
delegates from G20 member countries, invitee countries and International Organisations including World
Bank, New Development Bank, NGFS among others. The Working Group aims to mobilise sustainable
finance to help ensure global growth and stability and promote the transition towards greener, more
resilient and inclusive societies and economies. The G20 Sustainable Finance Report, 2023 was also
finalised in the meeting held in Varanasi.
36. Which institution directed Regulated Entities to release property documents promptly?
[A] RBI
[C] Ministry of Corporate Affairs
[D] CBDT
Answer: RBI
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued directives to all Regulated Entities (REs), including banks and
non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), to release original movable or immovable property
documents within 30 days of full loan repayment. Starting from December 1, 2023, lenders must also
remove any charges registered with registries within the same timeframe. In cases of delay, lenders
must compensate borrowers at a rate of Rs 5,000 per day of delay, and borrowers can choose to collect
their documents from relevant outlets or branches.
37. McDermitt Caldera, which was seen in the news, is located in which country?
[A] Russia
[B] Bulgaria
[C] USA
[D] Australia
Answer: USA
Geologists have made a new discovery along the Nevada-Oregon border, unearthing a vast lithium
deposit within the McDermitt Caldera. This deposit is believed to contain 20 to 40 million metric tonnes
of lithium, potentially doubling the quality of lithium reserves found anywhere else globally. This could
help the United States reduce its reliance on China for lithium, a critical component in electric vehicle
batteries, solar panels, and wind turbines.
38. Scrub Typhus disease has been identified in which state in recent weeks?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Bihar
[D] Odisha
Answer: Odisha
Officials in Odisha's Bargarh district have confirmed at least five deaths due to scrub typhus infections
in recent weeks. Scrub typhus is a vector-borne disease that spreads through infected chiggers (larval
mites) and is common during the rainy season. Symptoms include fever, headache, body ache, and skin
marks.
39. ‘National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG)’ is associated with which country?
[A] India
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: India
The Supreme Court onboarded its case data on the National Judicial Data Grid. The NJDG portal is a
national repository of data relating to cases instituted, pending and disposed of by the courts across the
country. Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud said, “Onboarding of Supreme Court data on NJDG
portal under the open data policy is a step on our part to bring transparency and accountability in the
judicial domain.” Currently, litigants can access case status information of 23.81 crore cases and more
than 23.02 crore orders/judgments.
40. Rahul Navin has been appointed as the Acting Director of which institution?
[A] Central Bureau of Investigation
[B] Enforcement Directorate
[C] Central Vigilance Commission
[D] Border Security Force
Answer: Enforcement Directorate
President Droupadi Murmu has appointed Rahul Navin, an Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officer from the
1993 batch, as the Acting Director of the Enforcement Directorate (ED). Rahul Navin currently serves as
the Special Director-Chief Vigilance Officer at the ED headquarters. This appointment follows the
cessation of tenure for Sanjay Kumar Mishra, IRS-84 batch, who had been serving as the Director of
Enforcement in the ED.
41. Which institution manufactures the Su-30 MKI fighter jets, to be acquired by India?
[A] Boeing
[B] Airbus
[C] DRDO
[D] HAL
Answer: HAL
The Defence Ministry cleared procurement of various weapons systems and platforms including
Dhruvastra short range air-to-surface missile and 12 Su-30 MKI fighter jets at a cost of around Rs 45,000
crore. The 12 Su-30 MKI fighter jets will be manufactured in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited.
These proposals were sanctioned under the 'Make in India' initiative.
42. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated YashoBhoomi Convention center at which state/UT?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] New Delhi
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Gujarat
Answer: New Delhi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated YashoBhoomi convention center, marking the first phase of
the India International Convention and Expo Centre in Delhi's Dwarka. Covering over 73,000 sq m,
YashoBhoomi boasts one of the world's largest MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and
Exhibitions) facilities and the country's largest LED media facade. With a capacity for 11,000 delegates,
YashoBhoomi has received Green Cities Platinum certification for its environmentally friendly design.
43. ‘Kyiv and Lviv World Heritage Sites’ are in which country?
[A] Russia
[B] Ukraine
[C] Belarus
[D] Belgium
Answer: Ukraine
UNESCO, the United Nations cultural organization, has designated the World Heritage Sites in the
Ukrainian cities of Kyiv and Lviv as "in danger" due to the ongoing conflict sparked by Russia's invasion.
This decision was made during UNESCO's annual world heritage committee meeting in Riyadh. Kyiv's
Saint Sophia Cathedral, dating back to the 11th century, and Lviv's historic center, near the Polish border,
have faced constant danger since the invasion.
44. What is the revised prize amount for Nobel Prize Winners, as of 2023?
[A] 1 million Swedish crowns
[B] 11 million Swedish crowns
[C] 21 million Swedish crowns
[D] 31 million Swedish crowns
Answer: 11 million Swedish crowns
The Nobel Foundation, responsible for administering the Nobel Prizes, has announced that this year's
Nobel Prize winners will receive an additional 1 million Swedish crowns, bringing the total financial
reward to 11 million Swedish crowns (approximately $986,000). In 2012, the prize money was reduced
from 10 million crowns to 8 million due to financial considerations. Subsequently, the amount was
raised to 9 million in 2017 and further increased to 10 million in 2020, restoring it to its pre-2012 level.
45. ‘National Hispanic Heritage Month’ is celebrated in which country?
[A] Australia
[B] USA
[C] France
[D] Germany
Answer: USA
National Hispanic Heritage Month, observed from September 15 to October 15 annually, honors the rich
cultural heritage and contributions of Hispanic Americans in the United States. This celebration began
with Hispanic Heritage Week and was officially recognized as a month-long observance by President
Lyndon Johnson in 1968.
46. Which institution released a report citing sluggish progress across the world towards SDG 8?
[A] International Labour Organization
[B] World Bank
[C] World Economic Forum
[D] International Monetary Fund
Answer: International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has issued a policy brief stating that the world is falling
significantly behind in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8), which seeks to promote
sustainable economic growth, full employment, and decent work for all. According to the ILO's analysis,
nearly two-thirds of the SDG 8 indicators show insufficient progress, and the international community is
as far from reaching the targets as it was in 2015.
47. Which state approved 'Location Accessible Multi-modal Initiative (LAccMI)' scheme?
[A] Assam
[B] Odisha
[C] Bihar
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Odisha
The Odisha Cabinet, led by Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, has granted approval for the 'Location
Accessible Multi-modal Initiative (LAccMI)' scheme. It is aimed at establishing a sustainable, affordable,
and safe transportation network for passengers and goods across the state. This initiative seeks to
create a seamless public transport network from the Gram Panchayat (GP) level to the state capital.
48. Which state launched 'Mobile Van Program' to promote Natural Farming?
[A] Assam
[B] Himachal Pradesh
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Himachal Pradesh
The Himachal Pradesh Agriculture Department has introduced a 'Mobile Van Program' as part of the
'Prakritik Kheti Khushhal Kisan Yojana'. It aims to advance eco-friendly and natural farming practices.
This initiative focuses on delivering fresh, organic produce directly to consumers while promoting
organic and chemical-free farming.
49. Which state launched ‘Griha Adhar’ and ‘Chavath e Bazaar’ initiatives?
[A] Kerala
[B] Gujarat
[C] Goa
[D] Odisha
Answer: Goa
Goa Chief Minister Pramod Sawant distributed Griha Adhar sanction orders, a program aimed at
financially supporting homemakers and improving their quality of life. He also launched "The Chavath e
Bazaar," a digital initiative empowering Goan entrepreneurs and self-help groups, under the Swayampura
Goa Programme. The government plans to provide free training to women in packaging and selling food
items under Swayampurna Goa 2.0.
50. Finance Ministry notified the constitution of how many Appellate Tribunals for the Goods and
Services Tax (GST)?
[A] 13
[B] 18
[C] 31
[D] 42
Answer: 31
Finance Ministry notified the constitution of 31 Appellate Tribunals across 28 States and eight UTs for
the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The tribunals were set up to resolve a growing number of taxpayer
disputes with the Revenue Department. Of the 31 Benches in 28 States and UTs, the highest number is in
Uttar Pradesh.
51. India has reached out to which country to restock monoclonal antibody doses to combat the
Nipah virus?
[A] Australia
[B] Japan
[C] USA
[D] Israel
Answer: Australia
India has reached out to Australia to procure monoclonal antibody doses to combat the Nipah virus
outbreak in Kerala. India is expecting 20 more doses soon, as per the Indian Council of Medical
Research (ICMR). The virus has killed two people so far and has infected at least five others in the
Kozhikode district. The current Nipah outbreak is Kerala’s fourth since 2018.
52. Which company has been roped in as the title sponsor for MotoGP Bharat?
[A] Byjus
[B] Indian Oil
[C] Sahara
[D] India Cements
Answer: Indian Oil
MotoGP Bharat has roped in IndianOil as the title sponsor for the event scheduled to take place at the
Buddh International Circuit in Greater Noida. The event will be organised from September 22 to 24, as
per its promoter Fairstreet Sports.
53. What is the rank of India in the ‘World Happiness Index 2023’?
[A] 126
[B] 121
[C] 118
[D] 108
Answer: 126
India has been ranked 126th among 146 countries in the latest World Happiness Index for 2023. This
decline in happiness levels is attributed to the country's growing mental health crisis, exacerbated by the
ongoing impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Recent data reveals a significant surge in the sale of
antidepressants and mood stabilizers in India, with a 41% increase from August 2019 to August 2023.
54. Which institution introduced the National List of Essential Assistive Products (NLEAP)?
[A] ICMR
[B] IMA
[C] AIIMS
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: ICMR
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) introduced the National List of Essential Assistive
Products (NLEAP) to prioritize crucial assistive products for individuals with functional impairments.
These assistive products are vital for enhancing the quality of life and promoting independence among
individuals with disabilities. The NLEAP consists of 21 essential assistive products and technologies
that are considered fundamental for improving the lives of those with functional impairments.
55. Santiniketan, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is in which state?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] West Bengal
[C] Rajasthan
[D] New Delhi
Answer: West Bengal
Santiniketan, the cultural and educational hub in West Bengal founded by poet Rabindranath Tagore, has
been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The announcement was made during the 45th
session of the World Heritage Committee in Saudi Arabia. Established in 1901, Santiniketan was initially
a residential school based on Indian traditions and the vision of global unity transcending religious and
cultural boundaries. In 1921, it evolved into a world university known as ‘Visva Bharati’.
56. Which country has been recording increasing number of cases of West Nile virus?
[A] UK
[B] USA
[C] Australia
[D] New Zealand
Answer: USA
Health authorities in several US states, including New York City, New Jersey, Georgia, Maryland, and
Texas, are expressing increasing concerns over cases of West Nile virus. In New York City, officials
report a higher number of mosquito pools infected with the virus compared to the five-year average, with
16 human cases documented across the five boroughs. The virus is primarily transmitted through
mosquito bites and has no human vaccine.
57. India announced its plan to eradicate Tuberculosis by which year?
[A] 2024
[B] 2025
[C] 2027
[D] 2030
Answer: 2025
Union Minister Jitendra Singh emphasized the importance of a public-private partnership (PPP) with an
integrated strategy to achieve a "TB-mukt Bharat" (tuberculosis-free India). India's ambitious goal is
eradicating tuberculosis by 2025. He flagged off the "TB-Mukt Express," a mobile medical van under the
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi Narayana healthcare initiative. This van will travel to various villages in
Udhampur, promoting the slogan "Chalo Chale TB ko Harane" (let's defeat TB).
58. Which country has enforced a European Union (EU) ban on all Russian-registered passenger
cars entering the country?
[A] France
[B] Italy
[C] Poland
[D] Germany
Answer: Poland
Poland has begun enforcing a European Union (EU) ban on all Russian-registered passenger cars
entering the country, in line with the EU's sanctions against Russia due to its war in Ukraine. This move
comes shortly after Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia also implemented a similar ban on vehicles with
Russian license plates. The decision reflects the EU's stance on Russia's actions in Ukraine and its
threat to international security.
59. What is the position of Neeraj Chopra in the men’s javelin throw event at the Diamond League
2023 Final?
[A] First
[B] Second
[C] Third
[D] Fourth
Answer: Second
India’s Neeraj Chopra finished second in the men’s javelin throw event at the Diamond League 2023
Final in Eugene, Oregon, with a best effort of 83.80m. Neeraj Chopra became the first Indian to win a
Diamond League Trophy last year. Czech Republic’s Jakub Vadlejch, the 2016 and 2017 Diamond
League champion, won his third title with a best throw of 84.24m.
60. Which racing driver won the Singapore Grand Prix tournament?
[A] Lewis Hamilton
[B] Carlos Sainz
[C] Charles Leclerc
[D] Max Verstappen
Answer: Carlos Sainz
Spanish motorsports racing driver Carlos Sainz led from start to finish to win the Singapore Grand Prix
tournament. Lando Norris was second in a McLaren with Lewis Hamilton crossing the line in third.
Championship leader Max Verstappen was fifth as Red Bull failed to win a race for the first time this
season.
61. ‘Khadi & Village Industries Commission’ functions under which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of MSME
[B] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[C] Ministry of Culture
[D] Ministry of Textiles
Answer: Ministry of MSME
Khadi & Village Industries Commission signed MoUs with Prasar Bharati, NBCC (India) Limited, and
Digital India Corporation. The objective of these MoUs is to prepare a roadmap to modernize the Khadi
and Village Industries Commission and popularize its products among the youth. NBCC (India) Limited
will build new modern infrastructure for Khadi and Village Industries Commission across the country.
62. ‘Weather Information Network Data Systems (WINDS)’ is associated with which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
[B] Ministry of Cooperation
[C] Ministry of Rural Development
[D] Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Answer: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare launched three initiatives, namely the Kisan Rin Portal
(KRP), KCC Ghar Ghar Abhiyaan, an ambitious campaign aiming to extend the benefits of the Kisan
Credit Card (KCC) Scheme to every farmer across the nation and a manual on Weather Information
Network Data Systems (WINDS). Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Union Agriculture
Minister Narendra Singh Tomar unveiled initiatives focused on agri-credit (KCC & MISS) and crop
insurance (PMFBY/RWBCIS).
63. Which city hosted the ‘National Workshop on e-NAM 2.0 and Agri Marketing Reforms’?
[A] Pune
[B] Amritsar
[C] Bhopal
[D] New Delhi
Answer: New Delhi
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare organised ‘National Workshop on e-NAM 2.0 and Agri
Marketing Reforms’. Till 31st August 2023, 1361 Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMC) were
integrated on e-NAM, covering 23 States and 4 UTs , where in 209 commodities are being traded.
64. Which institution released recommendations on “Rationalization of Entry Fee and Bank
Guarantees”?
[A] RBI
[B] SEBI
[C] TRAI
[D] NPCI
Answer: TRAI
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has issued the recommendations on “Rationalization of
Entry Fee and Bank Guarantees”. Department of Telecommunication (DoT) sent a reference to TRAI
seeking the rationalization of Entry Fees and Bank Guarantees of the various licenses operating in the
telecom sector. The Authority has also recommended no entry fee at the time of renewal of license.
65. The Chausath Yogini temple, which was seen in the news, is located in which state/UT?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Bihar
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Designed by British architects Lutyens and Baker, the old Parliament building served as the Imperial
Legislative Council during British rule and later as the Constituent Assembly and Parliament of India.
The Chausath Yogini temple in Mitaoli, Madhya Pradesh, is believed to have inspired the old Indian
Parliament's circular, pillared structure. Built in the 14th century, this temple is dedicated to 64 powerful
yoginis and features unique architectural elements, including a hypaethral design with no roof.
66. Which Indian armed force conducted the 'Operation Sajag' drill?
[A] Indian Army
[B] Indian Navy
[C] Indian Air Force
[D] Indian Coast Guard
Answer: Indian Coast Guard
The Indian Coast Guard conducted 'Operation Sajag,' a comprehensive drill along the west coast, aimed
at enhancing coastal security. 'Operation Sajag' is conducted monthly to assess the effectiveness of
coastal security measures and identify areas for improvement. It is focused on revalidating the coastal
security mechanism while raising awareness among fishermen at sea.
67. 'Udaan Bhawan,' Integrated Office Complex, has been inaugurated in which state/UT?
[A] New Delhi

[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: New Delhi
Union Minister of Civil Aviation inaugurated 'Udaan Bhawan,' Integrated Office Complex at Delhi's
Safdarjung Airport. It aims to bring together multiple aviation regulatory authorities under one roof for
improved coordination, including DGCA, BCAS, AAIB and AERA. A pilot e-wallet facility designed for
processing fees related to regulatory approvals through the Bharatkosh portal was also launched.
68. 'Swavlamban 2023’ is a flagship seminar hosted by which institution?
[A] RBI
[B] Indian Navy
[C] SEBI
[D] DRDO
Answer: Indian Navy
The Indian Navy is set to host the 2nd Edition of the Naval Innovation and Indigenisation Seminar,
'Swavlamban 2023’. This seminar follows the inaugural edition held in July 2022, where the Prime
Minister launched the 'SPRINT Challenges,' consisting of 75 challenges for startups and MSMEs as part
of the 'Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav' initiative. The 'SPRINT Challenges' aim to promote the use of
indigenous technology within the Indian Navy. 'SPRINT' stands for Supporting Pole-Vaulting in R&D
through Innovations for Defence Excellence.
69. Which state is planning to establish an aerotropolis around its upcoming International Airport?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Gujarat
[D] Odisha
The Uttar Pradesh government is planning for a project to establish an aerotropolis around the
upcoming Noida International Airport in Jewar. An aerotropolis is an airport-centric metropolitan
subregion that integrates aviation infrastructure, land use, and economic activities. The aerotropolis
aims to enhance connectivity, boost local and regional business activities.
70. As per a new study, Socio-political and ecological fragility threatens which species in Africa?
[A] Lion
[B] Elephant
[C] Bee
[D] Dog
Answer: Lion
A new study, ‘Socio-political and ecological fragility of threatened, free-ranging African lion populations’
has found that socio-political factors are posing a significant threat to already fragile lion populations in
Africa. The study revealed that Somalian and Malawian lion populations are the most threatened when
considering socio-political and ecological fragility. Ethiopia's Maze National Park was identified as the
most ecologically fragile geographic population.
71. Which country/region parliament approved the ‘Critical Raw Materials Act’?
[A] USA Parliament
[B] European Parliament
[C] UK Parliament
[D] Australian Parliament
Answer: European Parliament
The European Parliament has approved the Critical Raw Materials Act with a significant majority, aiming
to reduce the European Union's dependence on China for critical minerals and metals essential for green
technologies. The EU seeks to increase its domestic capacity for these materials used in manufacturing
solar panels, windmills, and electric car batteries. The regulation aims to diversify imports and ensure
secure and sustainable supplies by 2030.
72. Which company has developed ‘Just Walk Out’ a cashier-less shopping technology?
[A] Apple
[B] Amazon
[C] Walmart
[D] e bay
Answer: Amazon
Amazon has developed a new version of its cashier-less shopping technology for clothing retailers to
expand the system beyond convenience and grocery stores. The retail and cloud-computing giant said
the latest iteration of its Just Walk Out technology uses radio frequency identification, or RFID, tags to
keep track of apparel.
73. India has partnered with which country to deploy 10,000 made-in-India electric buses across
Indian cities?
[A] Germany
[B] Finland
[C] USA
[D] Australia
Answer: USA
India and the United States have initiated a collaboration to deploy 10,000 made-in-India electric buses
across Indian cities. This partnership, announced during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to the
White House, focuses on expanding options for electric public transportation in India, fostering cleaner
urban environments, and promoting healthier communities.
74. Data Quality Index (DQI), which was seen in the news, is associated with which institution?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] RBI
[C] SEBI
[D] NASSCOM
Answer: RBI
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed Credit Information Companies (CICs) to extend the use of
Data Quality Index (DQI) to the commercial and microfinance segments. Initially introduced in June
2014, DQI assesses the quality of data submissions by Credit Institutions (CIs) to CICs and aims to
enhance data quality over time. CICs are now required to create DQIs for commercial and microfinance
segments and provide them to all member credit institutions by March 31, 2024.
75. Which institution released a report titled ‘State of Working India 2023’?
[A] IIT Madras
[B] Azim Premji University
[C] NITI Aayog
[D] Oxfam International
Answer: Azim Premji University
A report by Azim Premji University titled ‘State of Working India 2023’ highlights the impact of India's
economic slowdown from 2018-2020 and the subsequent Covid-19 pandemic on the labor market. The
report reveals that the workforce has shifted more towards self-employment during this period, with
women being disproportionately affected.
76. As per UNESCO report, mass exclusion of girls from education in which country, widened the
global educational gap?
[A] Iran
[B] Afghanistan
[C] Syria
[D] Sri Lanka
Answer: Afghanistan
A new report from UNESCO reveals that slow progress on achieving the United Nations' Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG) of education for all, combined with socio-economic pressures and the mass
exclusion of girls from education in Afghanistan, has widened the global educational gap. The report
states that there are now 250 million children not enrolled in school, an increase of six million since
2021. To meet the 2030 targets of SDG 4 (Quality Education), a new child needs to join school every two
seconds.
77. Which institution released the report titled ‘Embracing a One Health Framework to Fight
Antimicrobial Resistance’?
[A] World Bank
[B] OECD
[C] FAO
[D] IMA
Answer: OECD
A new report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has focussed
on the health and economic consequences of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Titled "Embracing a One
Health Framework to Fight Antimicrobial Resistance," the report provides fresh evidence of the global
impact of AMR and offers recommendations to combat it. The report reveals that the consumption of
antibiotics in humans has been increasing, especially in G20 countries.
78. Which Indian state signed MoU with the British Council for research, faculty, student exchange
programmes?
[A] Telangana
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Kerala
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu state government signed an agreement with the British Council for two-way student mobility,
capacity building, research and transnational education. The British Council would enable collaborations
in new and emerging areas through ‘Going Global Partnerships’ that the state is already part of.
79. The ‘Conference of the Asia Pacific Forum on Human Rights’ was inaugurated in which country?
[A] India
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Bangladesh
[D] Japan
Answer: India
President of India inaugurated Annual General Meeting and Biennial Conference of the Asia Pacific
Forum on Human Rights in New Delhi. This year’s Conference marks the 75th anniversary of the
Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Asia Pacific Forum also celebrated 30 years of national human
rights institutions and the Paris Principles; with a sub-theme on the environment and climate change.
80. What is India’s GDP growth outlook for this fiscal, as per Asian Development Bank’s recent
forecast?
[A] 5.8 %
[B] 6.1 %
[C] 6.3 %
[D] 7.2 %
Answer: 6.3 %
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has reduced its GDP forecast for India for the fiscal year 2023-2024
by 10 basis points bringing it down from 6.4 percent to 6.3 percent. This revision is attributed to a
slowdown in exports and potential disruptions in agricultural output due to unpredictable rainfall
patterns. The GDP forecast for the fiscal year 2024-2025 remains unchanged at 6.7 percent.
81. India recently suspended visa services in which country until further notice?
[A] Afghanistan
[B] Sri Lanka
[C] Israel
[D] Canada
Answer: Canada
Amidst ongoing diplomatic tensions between India and Canada, India has suspended its visa services in
Canada till further notice. This was announced by BLS Visa Application Centre, the application centre for
Indian visas in Canada. Earlier, India issued an advisory to Indian nationals in Canada, including
students, to exercise utmost caution while travelling in the country.
82. Which Indian city is the host of ‘Windergy India 2023 Summit’?
[A] Hyderabad
[B] Chennai
[C] Bengaluru
[D] Kochi
Answer: Chennai
The 5th International Trade Fair and Conference- ‘Windergy India 2023 Summit’ is set to commence in
Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu. As part of the success of the Indo-Danish Energy partnership, a
big delegation will be participating in the Windergy India 2023 summit. Denmark had a renewable energy
capacity of 2.3 gigawatt (GW).
83. In which year, the words "Socialist" and "Secular" were added to the Preamble of the Indian
Constitution?
[A] 1964
[B] 1976
[C] 1984
[D] 1991
Answer: 1976
The words "Socialist" and "Secular" were added to the Preamble through the Constitution (42nd
Amendment) Act, 1976, during the period of Emergency under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's
government. Recently, it was claimed that the words “socialist” and “secular” were missing from the
Preamble of the copies of the Constitution handed out to Member of Parliaments while moving to the
new Parliament building.
84. Which airlines has received Indian Government’s nod to start international flights, in September
2023?
[A] Spice Jet
[B] Akasa Air
[C] Go First
[D] Air Deccan
Answer: Akasa Air

Mumbai-headquartered budget airlines Akasa Air has received the Union Government’s nod to start
international flights, which is expected before the year-end. The approval has been received despite
mass flight cancellations in the past three months as more than 40 pilots walked out to join rival Tata-
led Air India Express.
85. WFME Recognition status, which was seen in the news, is associated with?
[A] Sports
[B] Medical Education
[C] Mining
[D] Literature
Answer: Medical Education
The National Medical Commission (NMC), India was granted the coveted World Federation for Medical
Education (WFME) Recognition Status for a tenure of 10 years. As part of this recognition, all the 706
existing medical colleges in India will become WFME accredited and the new medical colleges that will
be set up in the coming 10 years will automatically become WFME accredited.
86. Which institution is associated with ‘National Broadcasting Policy’?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] NASSCOM
[C] TRAI
[D] Prasar Bharati
Answer: TRAI
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) consulted stakeholders on ‘National Broadcasting Policy’.
As per TRAI, the Policy may provide a common approach for licenses, oversight, and compliances. The
government is seeking to bring further parity in how digital and legacy mediums like television and OTT
streaming are regulated.
87. Which country recently delayed the ban on new petrol and diesel cars?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] Canada
[D] Russia
Answer: UK
In a major change to the government's approach to achieving net zero by 2050, UK Prime Minister Rishi
Sunak delayed the ban on new petrol and diesel cars, to 2035 from 2030. The British prime minister
Rishi Sunak announced key changes in the government policies that include nine-year delay in the ban
on new fossil fuel heating for off-gas-grid homes to 2035.
88. Mohammed Siraj, who was seen in the news, plays which sports?
[A] Hockey
[B] Cricket
[C] Tennis
[D] Badminton
Answer: Cricket
Mohammed Siraj regained his No. 1 ODI bowler in the world tag following his splendid show in the Asia
Cup final against Sri Lanka. Siraj has climbed eight positions to the top of the rankings following his
Asia Cup haul of ten wickets at an average of 12.20. The highlight of that performance was the spell of 6
for 21 that dismantled Sri Lanka for 50 all out in the final.
89. Which country has offered temporary work permits to nearly 500,000 Venezuelans?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] Australia
[D] Ukraine
Answer: USA
The US government announced that it will allow over 472,000 Venezuelans to remain in the United States
and work legally for 18 months. The decision was made due to growing instability and unsafe conditions
in the South American nation. The United Nations says more than seven million people have left
Venezuela as its economy has collapsed under President Nicolas Maduro, who has been in power since
2013.
90. ‘International Lawyers’ Conference 2023’ was inaugurated in which city?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Mumbai
[C] Varanasi
[D] Bengaluru
Answer: New Delhi
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the ‘International Lawyers’ Conference 2023’ at Vigyan
Bhawan in New Delhi. Organised by the Bar Council of India, the International Lawyer's Conference 2023
focuses on the theme of 'Emerging Challenges in the Justice Delivery System'.
91. US based chipmaker Micron Technology carried out the groundbreaking of its plant in which
state?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Gujarat
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Gujarat
US based chipmaker Micron Technology carried out the groundbreaking of its $2.75 billion assembly,
testing and packaging plant (ATMP) in Sanand, Gujarat. The project marks the largest investment under
the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Tata Projects announced its collaboration with Micron
Technology to construct an advanced semiconductor assembly and test plant in Sanand and said it will
roll out semiconductor chips next year.
92. Which country announced a strategic partnership with China, ahead of Asian Games?
[A] Ukraine
[B] Syria
[C] Israel
[D] UAE
Answer: Syria
China and Syria announced the formation of a strategic partnership as Chinese leader Xi Jinping kicked
off a series of diplomatic meetings ahead of the upcoming Asian Games. The Syrian leader attended the
Asian Games opening ceremony along with the king of Cambodia, the crown prince of Kuwait and the
prime ministers of Nepal, East Timor and South Korea.
93. When is the ‘International Day of Sign Languages’ celebrated?
[A] September 21
[B] September 23
[C] September 25
[D] September 27
Answer: September 23
Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre (ISLRTC), New Delhi under the aegis of Ministry of
Social Justice and Empowerment, celebrated ‘International Day of Sign Languages’ -2023 on 23rd
September 2023. The theme of this year Sign Language Day-2023 is “A World Where Deaf People
Everywhere Can Sign Anywhere!”
94. Which state has launched its ‘Action Plan for Management of Paddy Stubble Burning’?
[A] Punjab
[B] Haryana
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Haryana
Haryana submitted its ‘State Action Plan for Management of Paddy Stubble Burning’ to Commission for
Air Quality Management (CAQM). In the plan, Haryana aims to significantly reduce and potentially
eliminate fire incidents resulting from paddy stubble burning this year. To achieve this, the state plans to
implement bio-decomposer applications in 5 lakh acres of land during the current harvesting season.
95. Which country’s space agency launched the ‘Osiris-Rex spacecraft’?
[A] USA
[B] Japan
[C] China
[D] UAE
Answer: USA
The Osiris-Rex spacecraft, a NASA mission, successfully delivered dust samples from the asteroid
Bennu and is set to make its return to Earth. It was launched by NASA in 2016. Scientists will analyse the
asteroid sample to investigate the origins of life on Earth. The OSIRIS-REx, now renamed OSIRIS-APEX
(OSIRIS-Apophis Explorer), will study Apophis when the asteroid comes close to the Earth in 2029.
96. Which state unveiled a statue of Adi Shankaracharya named 'Statue of Oneness'?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Uttarakhand
The 108 feet tall statue of Hindu saint Adi Shankaracharya, named 'Ekatmata Ki Pratima' (Statue of
Oneness), was unveiled at Omkareshwar, in Khandwa district, Madhya Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh Chief
Minister recently unveiled the statue, which portrays Shankaracharya during his visit to Omkareshwar at
the age of 12.
97.
I2U2 is a partnership of how many countries?
[A] 2
[B] 4
[C] 5
[D] 10
Answer: 4
I2U2 is a partnership between India, Israel, the UAE, and the U.S. with an aim to tackle global challenges
and advance economic opportunities. The I2U2 Group recently launched its website at the sidelines of
the UNGA. The Group aims to mobilize private sector capital and expertise to achieve a variety of goals,
including modernizing infrastructure, advancing low carbon development pathways, and improving
public health.
98.
A biodiversity knowledge centre named Neelakkurinji has been opened in which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Kerala
A biodiversity knowledge centre named Neelakkurinji has been recently opened in Adimaly in Idukki
district of Kerala. The biodiversity centre is located at the entry point of the Munnar hill station. The
centre has been set up by the Kerala State Haritha Keralam Mission, United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP), and the Idukki district panchayat.
99. Which Union Ministry established the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre
(ISLRTC)?
[A] Ministry of Home Affairs
[B] Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
[C] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[D] Ministry of Education
Answer: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
In 2011, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment established the Indian Sign Language
Research and Training Center (ISLRTC) as an autonomous center of IGNOU. ISLRTC has launched an
online self-learning course in Indian Sign Language and a comprehensive dictionary containing 10,000
ISL terms on the International Day of Sign Languages. It introduced an initiative by launching 260 signs
for financial terms in ISL.
100. e-UNNAT is the Service Delivery Portal of which state/UT?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Jammu and Kashmir
[C] Odisha
[D] Kerala
Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances (DARPG) has released the sixth edition of
National e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment (NeSDA) – Way forward Monthly Report for
States/UTs. It provides a detailed overview of status of e-service delivery across States/UTs. Jammu
and Kashmir, Kerala and Odisha provide 100% of their services through their Unified Service Delivery
Portals namely e-UNNAT (1028), e-Sevanam (911) and Odisha One (404), respectively.
101. Which institution is responsible for implementing PM-JAY and Ayushman Bharat Digital
Mission?
[A] AIIMS
[B] NHA
[C] IMA
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: NHA
National Health Authority (NHA) is the apex body responsible for implementing India's flagship public
health insurance schemes. NHA is organising ‘Arogya Manthan’ to celebrate 5 years of Ayushman
Bharat PM-JAY and 2 years of Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission.
102. Tezu Airport, which was seen in the news, is located in which state/UT?
[A] Jammu and Kashmir
[B] Arunachal Pradesh
[C] Sikkim
[D] Odisha
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
Recently, the Civil Aviation Minister inaugurated the newly developed infrastructure of the Tezu Airport in
Arunachal Pradesh. It was developed at a cost of Rs. 170 crores. The Minister also announced three
direct routes from Itanagar under the UDAN 5.0 namely Itanagar to Delhi, Itanagar to Jorhat, and
Itanagar to Rupsi which will be operationalised soon.
103. Which city was selected as the ‘Best Smart City’ in India in ‘India Smart Cities Conclave 2023’?
[A] Bengaluru
[B] Indore
[C] Mysuru
[D] Varanasi
Answer: Indore
India Smart Cities Conclave 2023 was organized by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs in Indore
and was graded by President Droupadi Murmu. Indore bagged the prestigious honour of ‘Best Smart City’
in India. Gujarat’s Surat came second while Agra in Uttar Pradesh secured the third position. Madhya
Pradesh was also adjudged Best State in the country while Tamil Nadu came second. Rajasthan and
Uttar Pradesh together bagged the third position.
104. Which country hosts the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) Plus Expert Working
Group (EWG) on Counter Terrorism Field Training Exercise (FTX) 2023?
[A] India
[B] Russia
[C] Japan
[D] Singapore
Answer: Russia
The ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM) Plus Expert Working Group (EWG) on Counter Terrorism
Field Training Exercise (FTX) 2023 is set to be hosted by Russia. India will be represented by Indian
Army Contingent consisting of 32 personnel from a Battalion affiliated to the Rajputana Rifles.
105. Which Union Ministry organised the ‘Fourth Gender Samvaad’ recently?
[B] Ministry of Rural Development
[C] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Rural Development
The fourth Gender Samvaad was co-organized by Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural
Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), Ministry of Rural Development and Institute for What Works to
Advance Gender Equality (IWWAGE). It aims to create a shared platform to raise awareness on DAY-
NRLM’s gender interventions across the country.
106. Tigist Assefa, who broke the women's marathon world record, is from which country?
[A] Kenya
[B] Ethiopia
[C] Jamaica
[D] South Africa
Answer: Ethiopia
Tigist Assefa from Ethiopia recently broke the women's marathon world record at the Berlin Marathon.
The 26-year-old runner broke the record by crossing the finish line in two hours, eleven minutes, and
fifty-three seconds.
107. Which Union Ministry issued the ‘Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Rules, 2023’?
[A] Ministry of Home Affairs
[C] Ministry of Corporate Affairs
[D] Ministry of External Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Rules, 2023 was issued recently by the Ministry of Home
Affairs. As per the revised guidelines, NGOs were mandated with FCRA licence to submit details of
movable and immovable assets created out of foreign contributions.
108. Which Union Ministry is associated with which ‘GOBARdhan’ scheme?
[A] Ministry of Jal Shakti
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Answer: Ministry of Jal Shakti
The Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation of Ministry of Jal Shakti has introduced the Unified
Registration Portal for GOBARdhan to simplify the process of registering Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG)
and biogas facilities across the country. Currently, there are more than 1,163 biogas plants and 426 CBG
plants registered on the portal, making them eligible for support through the Market Development
Assistance (MDA) scheme offered by the Department of Fertilizers.
109. ‘Jharia Master Plan’, which was seen in the news, is associated with which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Coal
[C] Ministry of Steel
[D] Ministry of Jal Shakti
Answer: Ministry of Coal
Approved by the government in 2009, the purpose of the Jharia Master Plan (JMP) is to deal with Fire,
Subsidence and Rehabilitation. The Masterplan identified 595 sites that needed to be rehabilitated,
covering an area of 25.70 square kilometers. A new committee set up by the Ministry of Coal in 2022 to
review this master plan, has formulated an action plan. Coal Ministry’s efforts bring down surface fire
identified from 77 to 27 sites.
110. Which country’s women’s cricket team has clinched a gold medal at the Asian Games 2023?
[A] Bangladesh
[B] Pakistan
[C] India
[D] Sri Lanka
Answer: India
The Indian women's cricket team, led by captain Harmanpreet Kaur, recently clinched the gold medal at
the Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou, China. In their debut appearance at the Asian Games, the Indian
women's cricket team secured a gold medal, defeating Sri Lanka.
111. Moody’s Investors Service serious doubts on the credibility of biometric technologies and has
red-flagged which Indian scheme?
[A] PM KISAN
[B] Aadhar
[C] MGNREGS
[D] Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
Answer: Aadhar
Moody's Investors Service, a leading global ratings agency, has cast serious doubts on the credibility of
biometric technologies, particularly for individuals living in hot and humid regions. It highlighted how
this issue leads to service denials, raising significant concerns about India's 12-digit universal identity
system, Aadhaar. Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) was earlier reprimanded by the
Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), for inadequate data management related to Aadhaar.
112. Amit Khare, whose tenure has been extended, was holding which position?
[A] CAG Chairman
[B] Adviser to Prime Minister
[C] NITI Aayog Vice Chairman
[D] Chief Election Commissioner
Answer: Adviser to Prime Minister
The Center has granted an extension to Amit Khare, a retired IAS officer, to continue serving as an
Adviser to the Prime Minister. His extension will be in effect until the Prime Minister's term concludes,
aligning with the Prime Minister's tenure. Khare assumed the position of Adviser to Prime Minister
Narendra Modi under a two-year contract, starting from 2021.
113. Which entity is responsible for overseeing all Cultural Property Museums (CPMs) in India?
[A] Archaeological Survey of India
[B] National Statistical Office
[C] Indian Council For Cultural Relations
[D] Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts
Answer: Archaeological Survey of India
The 359th Report on the Functioning of Archaeological Survey of India has recommended ‘rationalising’
protected monuments, and rules governing them. It has also prompted inquiries into the operational
aspects of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the entity responsible for overseeing all Cultural
Property Museums (CPMs) in India, including its management, security measures, preservation efforts,
and the overall maintenance of historical sites.
114. Which Union Ministry launched ‘National Policy on Research and Development and Innovation
in Pharma-MedTech Sector’?
[A] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
[B] Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
[C] Ministry of MSME
[D] Ministry of Science and Technology
Answer: Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers launched the National Policy on Research and Development
and Innovation in Pharma-MedTech Sector in India and Scheme for promotion of Research and
Innovation in Pharma MedTech Sector (PRIP). It is also proposed to set up an Indian Council of
Pharmaceuticals and Med-tech Research and Development to facilitate and promote collaboration
among industry, academia and research institutions.
115. Which city hosted the ‘National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign’?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Mumbai
[C] Mysuru
[D] Hyderabad
Answer: New Delhi
The one-day National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi Campaign was organized by the Department of
Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It was organized in New Delhi on September 26 this year. Country to
produce record food grains, pulses and oilseeds at 3305, 275 and 410 lakh tonnes, respectively during
2023.
116. Which Union Ministry announced the launch of ‘Amazon Future Engineer Programme’?
[A] Ministry of Tribal Affairs
[B] Ministry of Science and Technology
[C] Ministry of Electronics and IT
[D] Ministry of Education
Answer: Ministry of Tribal Affairs
NESTS (Ministry of Tribal Affairs), in partnership with Amazon India and Learning Links Foundation,
introduces the second phase of the 'Amazon Future Engineer Programme' for EMRSs (Eklavya Model
Residential Schools). This endeavor holds the promise of narrowing the educational disparity within
tribal communities and paving the way for their prosperous careers in emerging technologies.
117. Megamonodontium mccluskyi is the largest fossil of a trapdoor spider discovered in which
country?
[A] Australia
[B] UK
[C] Greece
[D] Japan
Answer: Australia
Megamonodontium mccluskyi is the largest fossil of a trapdoor spider in Australia. This is the first
fossil ever discovered from the Barychelidae family, which consists of large brush-footed trapdoor
spiders. It's only the fourth spider fossil ever to be found in Australia. The spider was discovered among
a rich assemblage of Miocene fossils.
118. India and which country is set to kick-start a two-week war game in Alaska?
[A] USA
[B] UK
[C] France
[D] Russia
Answer: USA
The Indian and US armies will kick-start a two-week war game in Alaska that will feature a number of
complex drills. The mega exercise comes amid a renewed push by both New Delhi and Washington to
expand the overall scope of the India-US global strategic partnership.
119. ‘HS-748 Avro transport aircraft’ was a legacy aircraft used by which country?
[A] India
[B] Pakistan
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Malaysia
Answer: India
The Indian Air Force (IAF) formally began phasing out its legacy HS-748 Avro transport aircraft from
service when the first C-295 MW transport aircraft was inducted into service in a formal ceremony at the
Hindon Air Force Station. The first aircraft was inducted into the No. 11 Squadron, ‘The Rhinos’, based in
Vadodara.
120. Pembarthi and Chandlapur have been chosen by the Ministry of Tourism as the best tourism
villages in which state?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Telangana
[D] Kerala
Answer: Telangana
In Telangana, Pembarthi and Chandlapur have been chosen by the Ministry of Tourism as the best
tourism villages in Telangana for the year. Union Tourism Minister G. Kishan Reddy said both the
villages will receive awards on the occasion of World Tourism Day during a special function in New
Delhi. The Centre recognised the handicrafts and tourism places in Telangana and had recognised
Bhoodan Pochampalli as a tourism village two years ago.
The above 120 questions are part of Daily Current Affairs 20 MCQs Series in GKToday Android
Application. This series with daily 20 MCQs, Answers and Explanations can be subscribed in the app
only for Rs. 799/- for entire year. Download Now.

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September 15, 2023 .................................................................................................................................... 14

September 7, 2023 ............................................................................................................................................ 46

Aswasanidhi Project ................................................................................................................................... 80

throughout the month of September this year.

communication services to the mission.

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President or State Governor within 30 days of certain triggers.

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tomb was found in a highland archaeological zone.

cultivating less water-intensive crops are also suggested solutions.

and tier-3 cities in India.

National Conference on KCC for Fisheries

sector’s growth and development.

traditional lighting sources.

achievements in digital transformation and public infrastructure, offering hands-on

energy’s future, and engage in discussions to address technological challenges, establish

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year, involving ministers, government officials, and civil society representatives.

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citizens to report any activities or individuals that may be considered suspicious.

suggesting increased autonomy for the existing councils as an alternative solution.

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into India’s flex-fuel market.

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kitchens and common facilities with male wards.

India Post Partners with Shiprocket to Enhance E-commerce Exports

best practices from G20 countries.

Uttarakhand, contributing to the government’s aim of fostering industrial development

to lead normal lives outside jail while being monitored.

continue polluting while appearing to take action on climate change.

innovative approaches to monitor its spread.

reflecting changing air quality efforts.

underrepresentation, economic disparities, and a lack of legal protection contribute to this

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exercises in bankruptcy cases.

both the Arctic and Antarctica.

Australia's Navy Pursues Nuclear Submarines and AI-Powered Ghost Sharks

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department’s actions were an attempt to cherry-pick sentences from judgments to build a

towards addressing contemporary issues and fostering cooperation among African

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India to collaborate with other countries on technological advancements, policy

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sustainable economic growth, financial inclusion, and anti-corruption measures in the

Yojana and Ladli Bahnas during the month of Shravan.

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