Agrobiodiversity:

1. What does the term "Agrobiodiversity" refer to?

a) Biodiversity in wild ecosystems

b) Biodiversity within the agricultural sector (Answer)

c) Marine biodiversity

d) Plant biodiversity

2. How does agrobiodiversity differ from general biodiversity?

a) It includes more species.

b) It focuses only on crop varieties.

c) It is a subset of biodiversity related to food production. (Answer)

d) It does not include plants or microorganisms.

3. What does "Planned agrobiodiversity" refer to?

a) Non-harvested species within production agroecosystems

b) Domesticated crop species, wild relatives of crops, and animals (Answer)

c) Organisms that colonize agroecosystems without human support

d) The genetic diversity of crop plants

4. Which category of agrobiodiversity includes organisms like soil fauna, pollinators, and pest
predators?

a) Planned agrobiodiversity (Answer)

b) Associated agrobiodiversity

c) Crop wild relatives

d) Non-harvested species

5. What is the primary focus of crop genetic resources conservation efforts?

a) Aquatic diversity

b) Crop wild relatives

c) Modern crop varieties

d) Farmers' varieties or landraces (Answer)

6. How many species of plants and animals are estimated to represent agrobiodiversity?

a) About 1.8 million species

b) About 40,000 species (Answer)

c) Over 100,000 species

 d) Approximately 2,000 species

7. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), what is included in agrobiodiversity?

a) Only crop species

b) Crop genetic resources, but not species

c) Diversity of non-harvested species only

d) All animals, plants, and microorganisms used in agriculture (Answer)

8. What is the main function of associated agrobiodiversity within production agroecosystems?

a) To provide food for humans

b) To enhance crop yield

c) To regulate ecosystem functions (Answer)

d) To colonize agroecosystems for human support

9. What is the fundamental role of agrobiodiversity in the context of human well-being?

a) Supporting industrial growth

b) Enhancing urban development

c) Promoting cultural diversity

d) Contributing to food production and livelihood security (Answer)

10. Which components are included in agrobiodiversity according to the FAO definition?

a) Only cultivated varieties of crops

b) Domesticated animals

c) Non-harvested species within production agroecosystems

d) All animals, plants, and microorganisms used in agriculture (Answer)

11. What sets modern varieties apart from farmers' or traditional varieties in agrobiodiversity?

a) Modern varieties are more diverse.

b) Farmers' varieties are the result of formal breeding programs.

c) Modern varieties are typically high yielding. (Answer)

d) Farmers' varieties are only used in traditional agriculture.

12. What is the distinctive feature of "associated agrobiodiversity" within the agricultural ecosystem?

a) It includes organisms used directly for food.

b) It supports agricultural production in fields and crops.

c) It mainly consists of non-harvested species. (Answer)

d) It focuses on crop wild relatives.

13. Why is agrobiodiversity crucial for sustainable agriculture?

a) It primarily focuses on producing high-yield crops.

b) It ensures the diversity of crop wild relatives.

c) It supports ecological functions within agroecosystems. (Answer)

d) It reduces the need for agricultural technology.

14. What is the main function of crop wild relatives in the context of agrobiodiversity?

a) Serving as non-harvested species

b) Enhancing modern crop varieties (Answer)

c) Replacing farmers' varieties in agriculture

d) Providing habitat for pollinators

Certainly! Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on the provided text, along with
their answers:

16. According to the World Food Summit of 1996, when is "food security" achieved?

a) When people have enough food regardless of its safety and nutrition.

b) When people have access to any type of food at all times.

c) When people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.

d) When people have access to affordable food, regardless of its nutritional value.

Answer: c) When people have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food.

17. What are the three core determinants of food security as mentioned in the text?

a) Supply, demand, and demand utilization

b) Availability, utilization, and affordability

c) Availability, access, and utilization

d) Production, marketing, and consumption

Answer: c) Availability, access, and utilization.

18. Which term describes the demand side of food security, particularly for those who cannot afford
to buy enough food?

a) Accessibility

b) Utilization

c) Availability

d) Affordability

Answer: a) Accessibility.
19. How many species of plants and animals are estimated to be used by humans for various
purposes?

a) Around 100 species

b) Approximately 1,000 species

c) At least 10,000 species

d) Over 40,000 species

Answer: d) Over 40,000 species.

20. What played a significant role in achieving higher yields of major food crops, contributing to food
security in many countries?

a) Traditional farming practices

b) Sustainable agricultural practices

c) The Green Revolution

d) Crop diversification

Answer: c) The Green Revolution.

21. What type of crops, such as cowpea and winged bean, are excellent sources of protein and
micronutrients?

a) Major staple crops

b) Minor or underutilized crops

c) Forest crops

d) Leguminous crops

Answer: d) Leguminous crops

22. What plays a crucial role in improving crop performance and has helped double crop production
in the last 50 years?

a) Wild varieties and species

b) Organic farming practices

c) Modern biotechnology

d) High-yield crop varieties

Answer: a) Wild varieties and species.

23. What are "wild-foods" typically described as?

a) Agricultural products from cultivated fields

b) Foods gathered from outside agricultural areas

c) Processed foods available in local markets

 d) Domesticated livestock products

Answer: b) Foods gathered from outside agricultural areas.

24. Who relies more on access to wild foods as a dietary supplement to their daily food
consumption?

a) Wealthier households

b) Urban populations

c) Poor households

d) Farmers in high-yield crop regions

Answer: c) Poor households.

25. What aspect of improving food security involves potential for income generation through
processing and market development?

a) Reducing food waste

b) Enhancing crop diversity

c) Promoting organic farming

d) Special plant varieties and livestock breeds

Answer: d) Special plant varieties and livestock breeds.

26. What was the main aim of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA)?

a) To measure the Earth's population growth

b) To assess the impact of climate change

c) To promote understanding of the value of biodiversity and ecosystem services

d) To analyze urbanization patterns

Answer: c) To promote understanding of the value of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

27. How many categories are the 24 ecosystem services, as identified by the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment, divided into in the context of agrobiodiversity?

a) Two

b) Three

c) Four

d) Five

Answer: Two

28. Which of the following is NOT one of the climate change-related factors mentioned in the text?

a) The rise in temperatures

b) Changes in precipitation patterns

 c) A decrease in greenhouse gases

d) Higher incidence of extreme weather events

Answer: c) A decrease in greenhouse gases.

29. What type of crops may lose grain growing capacity due to drought by 2080, according to the
text?

a) Crops in temperate regions

b) Crops in tropical Africa and Latin America

c) Rain-fed crops

d) Subsistence crops

Answer: b) Crops in tropical Africa and Latin America.

30. What is a potential option to combat the challenges posed by climate change, as mentioned in
the text?

a) Genetic engineering

b) Reforestation

c) Conservation of non-adaptive species

d) Agrobiodiversity

Answer: d) Agrobiodiversity.

31. How has the biological diversity of crop plants changed over the past 150 years?

a) It has increased due to genetic engineering.

b) It has remained stable.

c) It has dwindled, with fewer species being used for agriculture.

d) It has diversified into many more crop species.

Answer: c) It has dwindled, with fewer species being used for agriculture.

32. What are the three categories into which agrobiodiversity services have been redistributed in the
context of food production systems?

a) Goods, cultural services, and ecological services

b) Crop yield, crop diversity, and crop safety

c) Sustainable production, biological support, and ecological and social services

d) Crop, livestock, and fisheries

Answer: c) Sustainable production, biological support, and ecological and social services.

33. What is one possibility for increasing the yield potential of traditionally farmed lands?

a) Reducing plant diversity

 b) Introducing high-yield crop varieties

c) Increasing on-farm species diversity

d) Using genetically modified crops

Answer: c) Increasing on-farm species diversity.

34. What is the method of plant breeding mentioned in the text that involves bringing together seed
from different origins and recombining them through crossbreeding?

a) Genetic engineering

b) Classical breeding

c) Composite crossbred populations

d) Evolutionary plant breeding

Answer: d) Evolutionary plant breeding.

35. How does participatory plant breeding differ from classical approaches to breeding?

a) It is done solely in laboratories.

b) It does not involve farmers.

c) Farmers are involved throughout the breeding process, and most breeding takes place in their
fields.

d) It focuses on breeding for cosmetic traits.

Answer: c) Farmers are involved throughout the breeding process, and most breeding takes place in
their fields.