Ecosystem Services

MSD 012: Ecosystem and Natural Resources

02-12-2020
• Ecosystem Services and Human Wellbeing
Description of the relationships among ecosystem elements and processes (Ken J. Wallace, 2007)
What are Ecosystem
Services?
▪ Ecosystem services are the conditions and processes through
which natural ecosystems, and the species that make them up,
sustain and fulfill human life. (Daily 1997).
▪ Ecosystem goods (such as food) and services (such as waste
assimilation) represent the benefits human populations derive,
directly or indirectly, from ecosystem functions (Costanza et al.
1999).
▪ Ecosystem Services are of four types:
➢ Provisioning Services
➢ Regulating Services
➢ Supporting Services
➢ Cultural Services
The development of the concept over time (Chaudhary et al,
2015)
Categories of ecosystem service and examples
of related services, (Wallace, 2007)
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
Ecosystem processes and ecosystem services
(Mace et al, 2012)
Source: (Vihervaara, P. et al.,2010)
Ecosystem Services and Their Links to Human Well-being
Source:(Costanza et al, 2014)
Sustainability and Ecosystem Services
REFERENCES
• PHOTOS:
• CREATIVE COMMONS(GOOGLE) and
• Khuman, YSC
• Prasad, Jagdamba (2016). Concept of Ecosystem. In Rana, R. S. (editor) Ecosystem and Natural Resources. MSD 012: Ecosystem and
Natural Resources. Self Learning Materials for Post Graduate Diploma in Sustainability Science (PGDSS). Published by IGNOU.
• Mace, Georgina M., Norris, Ken and Fitter, Alastair H. (2012). Biodiversity and ecosystem services: a multilayered relationship.
Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 27 (1): 19-26
• R. Costanza et al. (2014). Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change, 26: 152–158
• Wallace, Ken J. (2007). Classification of ecosystem services: Problems and solutions. Biological Conservation, 139: 235-246
• Vihervaara, P. et al. (2010). Ecosystem services–A tool for sustainable management of human–environment systems. Case study
Finnish Forest Lapland. Ecological Complexity 7: 410–420
• Ecosystems and human well-being : a framework for assessment / Millennium Ecosystem Assessment ; authors, Joseph Alcamo [et
al.] ; contributing authors, Elena M. Bennett [et al.]. Copyright © 2003 World Resources Institute
• Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA): (2005): Ecosystems and Human Well- Being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington.
• Chaudhary, et al., (2015). The evolution of ecosystem services: A time series and discourse-centered analysis. Environmental
Science & Policy 54 (2015) 25–34