| (03-n-2022) UNIT-5 ; PARABOLIC PDEs. Tee Tex Why parabolic PDEs 2 3 ; 2D, 3D) otal conduction trough Bolick. C1Di2D> Lin \a acres ° Diffusion phenomena + yy) BP-AC=0 The ol (Tax + Tyy they ¢ Evelubtion equation The above aru some examples 4 phyrical phrnovrsna avhich | Ore modiled by parabolic PPEs. As : Fourien lour: Tp imp 42s not cevut, heat alos flows prom a S Augion of hightr temp bo a Aagion Lower tempuratire. i Heak flux: Fort) te dlinsctly proportint | to the gradient @ the Lmpuraline. G (ryt) 00 VT | Ar) e-k VT : ii Ls thamal sonduck vaty | HR the sedium. CWhy ve 3 Heat Hux is in Bu diction of deocasing temperature >, | da-@Gendds | Li etrange in the heat plu an the clomental surface: Th dm = demental massdm= Pdv @odansity = mast spt je the sa veluune ye 2 Wok capacity of the aphid, Hen the at SY range Damp of the slamental sax dm to mpuotua 'T', ia geen by: Q> CfdvtT = cPTdv d a at ~ c€ ar av Crate o% change o twat york +) fol dronge oh beak in ontine volume 'V": da = a adv ae {fee i Ty tet Ore fore axtunal jeat source Lerkra reat qurnater) within V (dus te molkkcular colbisson) - H(7,T2t) aa 5s = Ba. ACP» TH ae Mire atav + (es > Fnangey Balants: da = Sf pc ah av = -[(q-Adsx JSS HoPs 74? ok v s v » Syevady Ate aT (By gauss div Heo) th th, absence % exiarnal sources of heat , CH=O) iy(ecae + TD 8 ec at + 94-0 at -v} > ec 2F e -V(KVT) =k vFeTx Thamol di esivitiy : = k > oT. avrt. x= KK a [Pccimes Boundary conditions : IT Temp is paucribed on the awhole boundary % the domain. This ts called Dinichter Boundary zondilion Ub = Cty —- Os xc W010) = 5D zo HNeamal durivabive O tae Temp by prscatbed ™ He boundary. Ue = XUzy On X Similar to Neumann Bound, ou | Sn nS ecten > Lintar combination of temp and Aonmal Arrival ef emp prAueribed on tre boundary | Ut = olUax Cut ¢:2 Bu = foo an A typical initial boundary value paob u% ef the form Caame Ad Ut= KUnx Pnitial send + T6x10)= 900 | Te - ATxx | wT > cduumny DI. | ie Tlort) = 4rd ex eb “ % Te, ty = b2(T) L>o | and %=b This 18 2 well-pesed prcblim whic has unique solution5 SS = eee gpon oon. % Variables . Lt Tit) = XOOR (1) ne know Tes XxB Te XPr Trx > Xxx Tig: Puy sabiducing in Tes et tay X Py = &. Xx B at Pe. Xxx eRe Pad mrcly i Paracly $n 9 X ae Ly $n 9 let » be arporation comstant « 1 Be. y and kee = d cB x > Pt- xPA= 0 Xxx -AK 20 df. xn dt Kira 0 r meth = lnpAs= oat Por FE oe F*) et Core™ + Oe Je > Tlrby= Cee +o e- : = 4? WI ncor A / a ns T(xst) (cy cos 4p X + C2 Bin? © —@® xb)? hin h=O: (aot) 7 (ax+a2) —@ W doo: AH? F itt hen © (e+ Ge AT) @| —@ Tomb) ipyerse jwakion + Fuminkauy 2047 the Dippusion 4 -(4-@” Fie 8)e \ e@ wat at) = = Jawxt Bolisfica Tt = XTxx WL IW: $2 Ure? re ed Te t= 2 Sawat yout -(a-§7 Tre ot, 20-0 2 OE Jorat aa a Heh “a ores pa TR, (2 e Jamar V8! “ae Ty = XTxx - a -&) * > ty Gee aft 4 (BOE > at at? (ae ( bee ) ) eck y Geer aE hoo Bena, verifier A22282 ny ution % 1D Hrok Equation: Te = Tax ex coo to Ts0) = 40x) fy wrrable Aeporable muthod, thy posribl. solutions are: NOE TORE) © Coped™® tere) ext deO: Tht bt) = Uxt Co t A= -H? (ay) deo: Tlryst)= COcosdx + Cosinrx) 2%? ete (hy ate : : becomes : Ne Atak with the solution function q Bue ef Test) = Ce eosyxe Casin yx re OPE Substitulling T(%,07 = FOO To |g Cy cosy x + Gain yx «10 fe + z Atos x4 Bn MANA = $C) 2 Ae ar gies Ao > & f poodx Ane 1 fp conned 3 Fourier, integral: 2 . q(AQd cosde t Burrasinax)da = $0? Bn = en 4 ainnxdx - —> An extension of fourter a T 0 Thin 5 AON? 2 f p00 tos Anda zie indxd BON) fhe and x Neu, Ps [Txt frosytody ) % », CToking the corte ow AHL v Theat) = Cer eosyx + Ca anipcz) € fv of fox Unt Jats 4 ho ACA) pe)| Tat) = Fy Try yidy Pye | = PAG pose 4 wep sinyxy eT O4E diy | D, 1 4a z Applying T0409 = [00 L Beom 1 ol t=0 o Toot] © f (At cone + By sory x day = BOLD Applying Fourtsa integral forma, ATAD= arf SUP wang dy B= bP tly) sinyy dy lontidn fi soe yey", ay w Lomporing un Ha _f OP eorabs db. Vr QF be et & Ar = tpt Abds = Sratdy. sp de> CHE gy 2 THE dy aN| dee Joie dy pee Hi~@- be Heep, Hoey) ay 38 RH Sek aiet obs Ay V4ent a Teed ef (J exyer-yre 4 ay) poy dy = ary? ‘ ~ ty? af Sie e wt) gtyrdy (Son) pte 2G) = + aaa Gera” f ee pep ay © te? 2Toot= ft et E Cpe NT ree a es ey |, cated He climentany “elution er kanal en Le cs nfo ~ 2 tp ae = { e BL son (PARE (HE) | devise) b ch -SS |, ee TBVP: 4D Heat Eqn. Te + Tee oe xl -zo Tlort)> 0 cr ft) T(y,0d= 0% goo TL, 47 =O or galt) Quwation: Solve: Te > XTxx oxen — 0 8f2 satis pying Tob )=0 and ¢x,0) lex . exe Tomt)so We start swith the solution = A= -4?) (d<0) Tost) = CA coaux + Bainyx) et | Toe h, = Ae~ttre 2m > A=0 TOO) fen * Beate ent lo | D> AINYL=0 (BAO | | Atsrm Aieyjal- > bawial) | Ma soln becomes: \] Tlertd= Baur 4x @ X4*E where 4290 on ur | x wae | Text) > BEB sinnxe ae ee . sy Rye i Tot) =O sn of%2T 2 oo ¥ | TPL .o = St Bainnx = § anal Tt OTT 2a 20. Bn Aun = £00 AtFite pinn% = b= Tw a Hay Aange aire caries wl T and Ba & fy ex) sinnx dx o ah A © 2. amnx dt [ Or-~ ainnx dx) ° "> - 2 a = rf (=) sinnx dx Wa = aun ome) © Tne 1 a { Wainnxdx - J x auinx dx Mo fp (uv fudu = fudv) 7 Bn = 2 [aw TAN L fen coonzde Jy 7 22 (n- gosnx sin | 2[ (w-x) esne - oO, Uh . cot sos nlf f= ain ot 2C re ai ay) = 2 sn om 4 240 AM o> 2 a , 2Uf H yooe fx 3 04%* w-x 3 4x 2 nia 7 s Now @ > pa= zf foainnxda + for-xrainax dx) : ps 3 one 2 [(-* 42s 1 feormedx ).” 4 (cto) nt Searle ] a 7 in 7 a2 (-* eth sina Jy [rer oan fi nx hy, W n ne 0 ATa [Raha 2 sin Ey Ecos BE + gen ar) v 20 2) 2) Oh 2 (a 2 [2 an a] 2 A sin om mm > wh 2 (7-0-3023). Coses in IBVP: O ulortrs0 U(z,09> Uo WL, bE) 20 | @® uwotry-0 WIO2=0 Ja tr Bos Y He temp . WIL, t) 2 Uo oe bel sen Juvo ands Test) = Tat) + ROE) Exampl: ; Steady eben stoke kobe. Wee Ux BCS: Ulo,t)=0 YOu od =U 24 (L,t)=0 > 0 ox We stort with Bue known solution Wok) = (Anosyx +B sine AH7E Appy ulotd= 0 tye a aes 3A=0 . natyte Now ulxot)= Banyxe Use HBcos yx eet wae Apply Uxtyt) =0 => 4yBcos HLE =0 fob =o PME Ss GRADS geisay 2 PM OTs peryaye aL eeuot) = 20 - am ay (tan Fe) = oat (20-127 a yd utzs0)=Ue 2 [uc Bin ( (anim x)ax. 2b > Bn= die ‘ s J ain (DT x) dx cos (2N-1I)T* } aL lo " Guo [ on-T s wo) = bie Qn-nT a Gn 7 Example: Up = KUnx Ulo,t)20 Be (4,4) = Ue JU Taonsient tondition ab there ia a chan Cran Boundary condifions. U(X) =0 Qeenural idea for transient conditions + uso @ to and uxUo ab xb Ne have tronsunt cond. Temp movie pom T= 0 to T=TWe considera Mr solrtron as } (ot) —O Tent) = Tatady CO+ Tron Ts(x) = Ax 4B | Strady stale soln a -o an Treo], =O 7 Bre Tala) = Ax oT | =k. tA =U. (gn) => ArUo + Tstx) = Uo 4 FAOmMO, Trang 2 T= Te Ruwaite the probhum to Prd Utran & Vinang sabiapies Ups & Ure OfxeL t2o Ugans (rE) = Ulort) = Us (o/b) 0-0 =0 Bet) 2Us Lt) Us —ta =0 OU rane (byt? _ ax Dx ax U(x,0) - Usttyo) = O-Uex = -Uox Usans (470) = 14 ath known solution, ‘ee ~ aye U(x) bd = (Acs x + Bainy x) € Uy, (ob 20 > AO | Applying ; e ~ eae New utr b) + Bainxe HM Polon X € aout Ua > Applpeg (Wed [yoy =. => HB cos yL e” ———— aur o2S wry =o > yes (n= rr Ded Qyee > As Gat , ———— 3 neh ayes ZL «© Now WOO = St Basin (ant) 1x 2b yp MG Uta 060) =O Usrg Hod Aorgt AU Aeaiens 2 Bre <2 - aoe u ef ox on (29 =D dy BL a = eoo( 20-97) Lb (n-DT ar 04 (an =) TL 2 atte oe one ete [-« a + He a (20-0 dan-}? 7 ain (20-07 2 ytd Buck (an? ne rrbibore Dirar dutka fundion : : te Cert] Deine Se WO =f 3e yrs é eerie lie “ : > SBn ain a — watt (20-10? aL ae -I Tx * Gna aan (27 2b ] dan OnE 2k ]As €70 , & kl jeg U Sc cb)- $0: GE) ee OF {35 abe Definition |} Given nd -ett Ze 2€ A use | Aw Sear > sits fe ~£44 £6 = ° pe | SW) 4 catl:d psrac cuita parckion | Li specter we ub ie ditt - | | Prepaties ef Dinas dilka function: © fewer eal ¢ oo Proog: stat. uw f b 4 40 J Saar Note: 6(t-@)= {* Genet o ° | FT yterswrae ~ por CAvece for proeg) - ® F gurste-ad de> year oO a g¢—t) = ® s(t) = i Se) ————— clr el ll e= 4 gile) W the derivative 0 of Sit) and 6) 20 as te tet t @s' - Lbs AL © - p10 Airnilory » fb Stead 2 -p'a) (got -2022) a) what hoppuns i, theae ave mont indp yaniables > (122) Frampl: 2 Ux% + buyy + Cure + dUxy + edge + fuze =o (3 udp vortabs) In germrals Qk Xr doe A be te numbu OF indep variables = yoielyee aM OAL pout onder derivatives - t BU pings rest are OU potible second onder —— Bac oxy cuaivativts - 1 ou A BAY + Zia BU = pomud is The corresp fet te ax aay ert mE ond wiles BE hak n= Xia Xa Xx — Inde variables - Au, Aan, Ass => Conky eb Sand order pure duxivative: Te cops of alt ue nth Cader derivatives are collected at Ay Ala -7° Ain Ao Aaa 77 Aan An Ane 7" on Fa nea Ay Aw AB Aa Axe 432 As, 432 Aas beeru continuows and olijpucnbable» whe au a?u Omi aX} axjax PAG tAH Mia] So matrix beeomus / An A Ap 2 2 Ax faa Aas 2 z Ap Aaa Asa cy 2 Example. Ure - Uyy -2Ux2 + Uys + Wee Herr Aa =) Ay 272 Aas = 4 * Lodf matix ° ora -) 2 Aan=-l Ass el o -t 2 (Ay 404) = {- 4 i-d => (I-A) CTPA 4) tA +E Cl AYO AF-5) EA HE > At-5-MESAPA FI “MEM 46a- y bik Ze num of Ad Kgen values pe wm of, te Augen values Then 5 => Lorjfient mabix Ux + Uy =O # is always aygmunsDue- 2 | =O => (IA) [- C174 J -C1-A) =0yr? (ie) sun s — 0 | zero tigen yaluus (or) all are ven - 200 eigen values) and pst on nav (ies Fonly one rye eigen value (er) Fonly ou -ve Ugo value > mor Ue egn is said bo be hyp wbolee « o (no zero tiger valu) (aul vigen values aul sigen valuta art +ve (ar) ave) @ 42° and p=0 oA 7 thm Ue Poe uw 4eud bo be euiptie - O43 atliaost ome non-zero tiga Valur ies 20, then the poe w said to be pordtbolie- tamed as thin the PDE Ls uibtrahyperbelic. fu nzh % 2epe 92 and z=0> Example = Une + Uyy + Uzz f Way + 2Uy2 +2Uxe = Cr yu, Ger y) ao Me pitdad Ase 3 ney thy Aha d3 70 yo do = Ag =O = (en 4 a2 2A) -(-ad 9 CAD 6 2 treartaz-2a) 42a =O ep pean Ma aM AANED =D yieahteo NM(A-4) 2 0 => \s01003-(1-1-2022) — Equipotential surfaces. The electrostatic potential ‘u’ ot any point is givin bay 2 yu who 6+ decdbric pd at that point L. ot proportional Uae horge density (P) Jn ony cusve Cin 2D) ox ony surpace lin 3D) is said tb be Aquiipoluntiol curve (OK surpace) if the polintical along the tuave | Avaboct ws comstank. Suspocrs wrth Lonstant Temp > Totheama Surfaces with Lenstent pressure » Dsobars . Theorem femider I-paramebir family of surface { (%54, 2) = tonstant. The NS wndition fa a I-porameler form, oh AUAbores to be ejuipobntiol maurjaus is that, 4 # a pelntial function P Gay,z) svbuch sal ta Loptocs 2quation 3 ws: covutant whiner 4 = Londtont. Proof : Given a (- paramalir fomuly of surpaces boyz) const Wy WKY, zd = FlbCoy, zy) Cp con be wwattten os some implicit function of $) To prove? Fa Yloys.z>9 Y con be soatitn As implidt fn of (oy2 ket ply, z) = PCR tay,zy9 -a piquendore porbially wrt xy and z- Lae) nm ay OF. ob Yor 5? Siphasee wb > oo ee Me DEE Oy. oF. OL, fob ys ote wy aR by ap” a op * GLY 2 ys Sh OY > oF hy (AY. ve Ob Be oe oF oes Ge) op US Yxxt Woy + Pex = OF m —' , Z OF Bp (Wet bars deed BEE gh pe (aby (2b) = OF y2 2 sy bt SE cep vp salispios the Laplace ayn) LHS=0. > aE wg + BE (EP =o Lak Ak dt Cc ab ag xLG)t= = - Xbb ab > fib 2 7b. constant say x1) Fe way? => Fey +X DFR=O SKID => Fe Ae (pdt ety) - Ase l*" apt+B BS pe Apel ab ay +B a] cya : Fay afer OC ayy +BT&M the Iporomalin, family of spharee x74 y? 12%> cont fom equapotintial surposes 2 To chock ib X*4Y2+z7= 6 are equipolential surfoces wt check ip FY > pe Fcpd be tages 2? px = 2x 4y = 34 gxx = byy o bez 2 42222 V*he Qt242 =6 Vb: 2b i 4 baat Bets a, (Wg)? = ROSH +2 eho Bx Gar (RY ef geyp = 6 2 xu) i By 3z Fo lis Fe 2c Fug 3 . tS Fy =o hi Fyre Ae 2 Aceh Spek 4 Qt 3 ah > FC = AfeCdAL+.B ig Ae pap > Ae’? (0) +B she? +B C2 ter (nw) “e a Q) gt Pryryzts cx 1 oe “7 "fie! BatyE ME. 6, OP ya > he tg Pye 4 oo EN = 6, |