Medium Voltage - Variable Speed Drive Systems

$
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
MEDIUM VOLTAGE
VARIABLE SPEED DRIVE SYSTEMS
SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Rev. 2
September 2008
Form code : MDT.GG.QUA.0505 Sh. 01/Rev. 1.94 File code: spcgnrae.dot Data file:spc_el_vsd_0030_r02_e_f.doc
This document is the property of Snamprogetti who will safeguard its rights according to the civil and penal provision of the law.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008
Sheet 2 (50)
INDEX
1 GENERAL 4
1.1 Scope 4
1.2 Definitions 4
1.3 Document priority 6
2 SCOPE OF SUPPLY AND RESPONSIBILITY 8

2.1 Scope of supply 8
2.2 Responsibilities 8
2.3 Codes, standards and reference documents 9
2.4 European Community (CE) special rules 9
2.5 Project design conditions 10
2.6 Electrical design conditions of M.V. power feed 11
2.7 Electrical design conditions for auxiliary feeds 11
2.8 Degree of protection 12
2.9 Equipment for hazardous areas 12
2.10 Electromagnetic interference 13
3 VSD FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 14

3.1 Types of VSD systems and their specific characteristics 14
3.2 Operating performances 14
3.3 Operations under critical conditions 15
3.4 Current regulation 16
3.5 Critical speeds 16
3.6 Efficiency and power factor 16
3.7 Temperature limits 16
3.8 Harmonics at the line side 17
3.9 Noise level 19
3.10 Motor compatibility 19
3.11 Earthing requirements 20
3.12 Availability mean time between failures 20
4 CONTROL PERFORMANCES 21
4.1 Control system performances 21
4.2 Protection and alarm system 23
4.3 Communication facilities 24
4.4 Redundant control systems 24
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 3 (50)
5 CDM CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 26

5.1 BDM power electronic system 26
5.2 CDM cooling system 28
5.3 Switchgear arrangement 28
5.4 Switchgear rated voltages 29
5.5 Structure and enclosure 29
5.6 Switchgear main and branch bus-bars system 29
5.7 Earthing 30
5.8 L.V. power equipment 30
5.9 Cable entries and wiring 32
5.10 Other fittings 33
5.11 Corrosion protection and final painting colour 33
5.12 Nameplates 34
6 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER POWER

EQUIPMENT 35
6.1 Transformers 35
6.2 D.C. Reactors 35
6.3 Motors 36
6.4 Harmonic filtering assemblies 37
6.5 External cables 38
7 TESTS 39
7.1 Test definition 39
7.2 Test execution and responsibility 39
7.3 Witnessing of tests by Snamprogetti 41
8 PROJECT DOCUMENTATION AND MANUFACTURER’S

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 46
8.1 Document list and responsibility 46
8.2 Document issue procedures 48
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 4 (50)
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This specification defines the minimum technical requirements governing design, construction and
testing of variable speed drive (VSD) systems with a rated voltage on CDM (Complete Drive
Module) on motor terminals and on associated electric equipment over 1000 V a.c., for use in
Snamprogetti plants.
This specification is not applicable for VSD system used for motor starting only.
1.2 Definitions
For the interpretation of this specification and any other project technical documentation:
a) the word “shall” indicates or is relevant to a “mandatory requirement” for the supply;
b) the word “should” indicates or is relevant to a “recommended requirement” for the supply.
When reference to VSD is made, the requirement shall be applied to all VSD equipment and
components.
It is pointed out that the word “switchgear” has the same meaning of the word “cabinet” used
sometime in the technical documentation.
Electrical definitions: the terms utilised in this specification and not defined hereunder, shall refer
to the definitions stated in IEC 61800-4 and other publications mentioned therein.
The words “PDS” and “VSD” have the same meaning.
Project specification: Snamprogetti document (project specification and/or project data sheet)
containing data, design requirements, performances and testing of the VSD systems for a specific
project. The complete data sheet of the VSD systems and of the main power equipment shall be
issued by the Manufacturer according to the project requirements stated in the project specification.
Project design conditions: the factors that may influence the operation and life of the separate
parts of the VSD system, namely:
a) site environmental conditions;

b) design ambient conditions (ambient temperature, altitude);
c) electrical data.
Manufacturer: the part that manufactures and/or supplies equipment, technical

documents/drawings and services to perform the duties specified by Snamprogetti.
Sub-supplier: the part that manufactures and supplies specific equipment to the Manufacturer
responsible for the whole VSD system.
Factory tests: all the checks, measurements and tests that the Manufacturer shall carry out to
guarantee the correct construction and service of the transformers purchased by Snamprogetti.
Final tests: all routine, typical and special tests carried out on all fully assembled and wired VSD
systems.
Test report book: document referred to the whole VSD system, containing all certificates relevant
to:
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 5 (50)
a) type tests carried out by a recognised laboratory;

b) type and routine tests carried out by the Manufacturer in his factory;
c) declaration of conformity with the applicable EU directives.
Snamprogetti inspector: person employed by Snamprogetti or an Agency appointed by

Snamprogetti and authorised to carry out inspection and to witness factory tests.
Manual book: collection of all documentation (drawings, instructions, technical information)

necessary for correct installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of the equipment
supplied.
Variable speed drive system (VSD), or power drive system (PDS): an assembly made up of a
converter and of the relative motor fed for the variable speed control of a single operating machine
(see figure 1).
The system consists of:
a) power equipment consisting of converter section and motor auxiliary user feeding section;
b) control equipment (consisting of switching control, firing system, protection, status
monitoring, communication, tests, diagnostics, process interface/port, etc.).
VSD rated power: it is the rated power of the associated electric motor.
VSD effective power: it is the required power of the whole VSD system from the external network.
Converter: operating unit for electronic power conversion, changing one or more electrical
characteristics and comprising one or more electronic switching devices and associated
components, such as transformers, filters, commutation aids, controls, protections and auxiliaries, if
any.
Controlled semiconductor: electronic components able to switch on an electric circuit with an

external impulse.
They may be chosen among:
a) IGCT elements;
b) IBGT elements;
c) SCR elements;
d) SGCT elements;
in compliance with the Manufacturer’s standard and with the VSD system technology.
Basic drive module (BDM) or Converter section unit: VSD system module that consists of a
converter section, control equipment for speed, torque, current, frequency or voltage, and a power
semiconductor system, etc.
Complete drive module (CDM): VSD system, without a transformer, motor and sensors
mechanically coupled to the motor shaft, consisting of, but not limited to, the BDM, and extensions
such as the auxiliaries and the feeding section of all auxiliaries of the VSD system.
CDM Switchgear: metallic switchgear consisting in one or more sections used for placing and
feeding only one CDM.
Pulse width modulation (PWM): method of converter voltage/current control where a series of
output voltage pulses of fixed amplitude and of variable duration are created.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 6 (50)
Self-commutated converter: a converter in which the commutation voltages are supplied by the
components within the converter.
Load commutated converter: a converter which requires special characteristics for load
commucation.
Operating quadrant for a variable speed drive system: representation, by means of a torque-
speed diagram, of the operating range of a VSD system in relation to the possibility of operating as
a motor or as a brake in both rotation directions.
The following configuration is assumed for this specification:
TABLE 1.1 – QUADRANTS
II QUADRANT I QUADRANT
Rotation direction CW: BRAKE Rotation direction CW: MOTOR
III QUADRANT IV QUADRANT

Rotation direction CCW: MOTOR Rotation direction CCW: BRAKE
High speed VSD system: VSD system (with variable frequency) with a normal operating speed
included between the 1st and the 2nd critical (flexional) speed of the motor.
Local control: control of an operation at a point on the controlgear or compartment.
Remote control: control of an operation at a point far from controlgear compartments (e.g. DCS,
other electrical switchgear, and field).
Prototype variable speed drive system: variable speed drive system that has successfully
passed the type tests.
Mass-produced variable speed drive system: variable speed drive system which is part of a
series of several items of equipment manufactured utilizing the same machining procedure and
standardized control by the vendor. They have:
a) a prototype available;
b) rated data, performances and construction characteristics equivalent to those of the other
equipment of the series with the admitted tolerances; the above-mentioned data is given in
the vendor’s catalogue or publication.
Similar variable speed drive system: this is a variable speed drive system that has rated data,
performances and construction characteristics only partly different from those of the other
equipment of which a prototype exists.
1.3 Document priority
In the event of discrepancies in the provisions laid down in the project technical documentation,
priority shall be given to:
a) project specification;
b) this general specification.
c) codes and reference standards;
d) Manufacturer’s technical documentation;
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 7 (50)
Fig. 1 – M.V. VSD system configuration within an installation
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 8 (50)
2 SCOPE OF SUPPLY AND RESPONSIBILITY
2.1 Scope of supply
The scope of supply of the Manufacturer of the whole VSD system shall cover:
a) step down transformer;

b) CDM switchgear (fully wired assembly converter and auxiliary user functional unit);
c) filters toward network (sized in according to the network voltage harmonic contents and to the
VSD technology);
d) filters toward motor (if necessary);
e) M.V. induction motor complete with all auxiliary L.V. motors;
or, according to the VSD system technology:
f) M.V. synchronous motor complete with all auxiliary L.V. motors. Excitation system complete
with A.V.R and with excitation control system;
g) D.C. reactors.
Moreover the Manufacturer shall include in his scope of supply the development of all engineering
and technical documentation required for the construction, installation, interconnection and testing
of the whole VSD system.
Power and control cables between the various parts of the VSD system are not included in the
supply.
The VSD system will be protected and interlocked with a main circuit breaker provided by
Snamprogetti inside the M.V. switchgear.
2.2 Responsibilities
The design, construction and factory tests of the VSD systems shall fall within the exclusive and
specific responsibility of the Manufacturer who shall comply with the project specification and any
documents mentioned therein, as well as with the reference codes and standards and current good
engineering practices.
The system Manufacturer is fully responsible :
− for the definition of the main characteristics of the several components in compliance with
the requirements of this specification and of the project documentation;
− for the agreement of the VSD performance required in the project documentation;
− for the clarification and agreement on the external interfaces of the VSD;
− for the acceptance for testing plan and criteria;
− for the integration, co-ordination and agreement with the component manufacturers, on the
specifications of the main components of the drive system (transformer, converter, motor,
see clause 8) and the acceptance criteria for testing.
− For the right operation of VSD system in normal and critical conditions (as stated in sect.
3.2 and 3.3)
The driven machine (i.e. pump, compressor, etc.) supplier is typically responsible for the
mechanical strength.
It is mandatory for the VSD Manufacturer to establish a direct communication with the driven
machine supplier.
The system Manufacturer is responsible for the organization of the necessary co-operation
between converter, assembler, driven equipment and motor-specialists.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 9 (50)
The system Manufacturer shall give all necessary information for the correct installation and
cabling.
The VSD systems shall be mass-produced by the Manufacturer and shall be of the highest quality
standard as regards material and workmanship and shall be designed and manufactured to ensure:
a) continuous normal operation;

b) critical and transient operation;
c) flexibility and service continuity;
d) personnel safety;
e) easy installation and assembly;
f) easy power and control cables and bus duct connections.
The VSD system Manufacturer shall guarantee that the equipment supplied is in compliance with
the project documentation.
The VSD system Manufacturer shall test the supplied VSD systems at his factory in accordance
with the requirements stated in the codes and in the project documentation.
The VSD Manufacturer shall have at least two years’ experience in manufacturing VSDs at low
voltage or similar applications at the desired voltage and power ratings.
A reference list with contact names and telephone numbers shall be furnished upon request.
2.3 Codes, standards and reference documents
The VSD system and all auxiliary equipment shall be designed and tested in accordance with IEC
Codes and/or all Codes, Standards and other reference documents defined in the project technical
specification.
Any other codes recognised in the country of origin of the equipment may be considered, provided
that they ensure equivalent quality.
Snamprogetti’s reference documents are the last edition of:
a) SPC.EL.RMA.0040 Low voltage induction motors (applicable to auxiliary L.V. motors);

b) SPC.EL.RMA.0041 Medium voltage induction motors;
c) SPC.EL.RMA.0043 Synchronous motors;
d) SPC.EL.TRA.0037 Liquid immersed power transformers;
e) SPC.EL.TRA.0038 Dry type power transformers.
These documents shall be considered endossed with the additional requirements stated in thes
specification.
2.4 European Community (CE) special rules
According to the type of service and to the rated voltage, each component and item of equipment
made in the European Community shall be tested in accordance with:
a) electromagnetic compatibility directive (2004/108/CE)

b) low voltage directive (93/68/CE);
c) equipment for hazardous areas directive (94/9/CE).
The marking “CE” shall be applied on the power equipment frame and on the switchgear
enclosure.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 10 (50)
2.5 Project design conditions
2.5.1 Altitude
The VSD systems in their entirety and all individual components forming part of the supply shall be
suitable for indoor and for outdoor installation at project altitude.
2.5.2 Design ambient temperature
The several parts of the VSD systems in their entirety and all individual components shall be
designed to operate continuously with the rated performances indicated in the project specification,
at the following ambient temperatures.
a) Indoor location
- CDM switchgear: +40°C inside switchgear room;
b) Outdoor location
- Motor and associated equipment to be stated in the project specification;
- Transformer to be stated in the project specification;
- Harmonic filter to be stated in the project specification;
- D.C. reactor to be stated in the project specification.
2.5.3 Humidity
The several parts of the VSD systems in their entirety and all individual components shall be
designed to operate continuously with the rated performances indicated in the project specification
at the following maximum relative humidity values:
a) Indoor location
- CDM switchgear: 50% at +40°C inside switchgear room;
b) Outoor location
- Motor and associated equipment 90% at stated temperature;
- Transformer 90% at stated temperature;
- Harmonic filter 90% at stated temperature;
- D.C. reactor 90% at stated temperature.
2.5.4 Environmental conditions
The motors and all individual components forming part of the supply installed outdoor shall be
suitable for the environmental conditions (fog, ice, frost, snow; thunder storms, sand storms, salt
pollution, marine conditions, presence of corrosive gases) defined in the project specification.
The motors and all individual components forming part of the supply installed outdoor shall be
suitable for outdoor location and, unless otherwise specified, directly exposed to sunlight with a
radiation of 1000 W/m2.
The Manufacturer shall prove compliance with the stated environmental conditions by tests on
components or by a guarantee certificate.
2.5.5 Vibrations during normal operations
The VSD systems in their entirety and all single components shall not suffer from vibrations and
shocks that may occur during normal operation.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 11 (50)
2.6 Electrical design conditions of M.V. power feed
2.6.1 System frequency
The VSD systems and all individual components forming part of the supply shall be designed for
the system frequency (50 or 60 Hz) and its variations (at least ±2%) as stated in the project
specification.
2.6.2 System voltage
The VSD systems and all individual components forming part of the supply shall be designed for
the system voltage stated in the project specification.
The slow permanent variation of the external network voltage is: ±10%.
The transient variation of the external network voltage values to be considered, unless otherwise
stated in project specification, are:
a) voltage drop and time -30% for 20 seconds;

b) voltage loss and time -100% for 5 seconds (see also sect. 3.3.c)
2.6.3 Short circuit rated value
The network short rated values will be defined in the project specification as follows:
a) maximum short-time withstands current to be used for power equipment size for each type
of supply;
b) minimum short circuit current to be used for evaluation of harmonic contents.
2.6.4 System neutral connecting
M.V. distribution system neutral is grounded through resistance, and for the ground fault current
indicated in the project specification.
2.6.5 System harmonic contents
The harmonic content of the electric network depends essentially on two factors:
a) short circuit capacity of the external network;

b) harmonic injection of the VSD system, as stated at point 3.8.
2.7 Electrical design conditions for auxiliary feeds
The feeding systems of the auxiliary users and of the auxiliary circuits of the complete VSD system
shall be only from external sources and shall be equipped with appropriate protection devices.
In general the following external supplies will be available:
a) One AC supply for normal users, three phase and neutral, directly earthed with the following
rated values:
- Voltage 230/400 V or 240/415 V with ±10% variation;

- Voltage dip -20% for 20 seconds;
- Frequency 50 Hz 60 Hz with ±2% variation;
- Short-time withstand current max 10 kA conditioned by adequate limiting protections
installed on the main lime or the branched lime.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 12 (50)
Adeguate short circuit limiting devices shall be installed as near as possible to the incoming
terminal strip able to reduce the short circuit lower than 10 kA.
b) One DC supply for control and monitoring system and for other essential users, isolated with
the following rated values:
- Voltage 110 V with -15% +10% variation.
2.8 Degree of protection
The mechanical degree of protection shall be:
a) IP55 for motors, boxes and for outdoor installations;

b) IP23 for transformer protective enclosures, for D.C. reactors and for filter switchgears;
c) IP3X for CDM switchgear.
2.9 Equipment for hazardous areas
Motors, and the relevant accessories, shall be suitable for the installation in zone (Z1, Z2, Z21 and
Z22), as required by the project specification and shall be certified by a recognised testing
authority.
2.9.1 Explosive atmosphere with gases and vapours
Motors and the relevant accessories shall be designed and tested in compliance with IEC codes
series 60079 or with equivalent CENELEC code while the marking shall be in compliance with IEC
60079-0.
Moreover, for motors and accessories made or installed in the European Community, an additional
marking according to ATEX directive (94/9/CE) shall be required.
The following execution is preferredd:
- Motors frame: - Ex-d-IIB-T3;

- Ex-d-IIB+H2-T3;
- Ex-p-II-T3
- Main terminal boxes: - Ex-d-IIB-T3;

- Ex-d-IIB+H2-T3;
- Ex-e-II-T3;(see herebelow)
- Ex-p-II-T3
- Low voltage electrical apparatus: - Ex-d/e-IIB-T3;

- Ex-d/e-IIC-T3.
The use of main termimal boxes with safety execution Ex-e II-T3 is acceptable only for voltage
equal and lower than 10 kV +10%.
Motors with safety execution EEx-e II-T3 or EEx-n(A)-T3 are not acceptable.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 13 (50)
Motors and the relevant accessories shall be designed, tested and marked in compliance with IEC
codes, series 61241, testing class A.
Motors and the relevant accessories made or installed in the European Community and suitable for
explosive atmosphere shall be designed, tested and marked in compliance with code IEC 61241-1
and with ATEX directive (94/9/CE).
The following motor executions are preferred:
a) No conductive dusts - Ex-tD IP 55 T 135°C (Zone 21 category A)

b) Conductive dusts - Ex tD IP 65 T 135°C (Zone 21 category A)
The executions for other electric equipment shall be:

- Ex-tD IP 65 T 135°C (Zone 21 category A)
In general the CDM’s D.C. reactors, filters and transformers will not be placed in hazardous
locations.
2.10 Electromagnetic interference
The limits of electronic component emissions shall be in accordance with CISPR recommendations
for high frequency and with IEC 61800-3 code and to IEC series 61000 for low frequency.
The immunity of electronic components shall be Class A for all type of disturbances as stated in
European Code EN 50082-2 taking into account the most common external characteristics and the
normal frequency used for radio transmissions.
This level of immunity of each component shall be guaranteed with the doors of the VSD system
sections open.
Furthermore the components exposed to interference due to electromagnetic radiation or
producing this radiation shall be provided with means of separation, shielding, earthing, and
filtering.
The low voltage components made in countries out of the European Community (CE) shall be
tested in compliance with the rules of the different sections of IEC 61000, part 4.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 14 (50)
3 VSD FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Types of VSD systems and their specific characteristics
The VSD systems shall not be a prototype and similar VSD systems manufactured by the vendor
shall have been in operation for at least 2 years.
Failing any other indication, the vendor shall define the type of VSD system on the basis of his
experience and technological capacity in relation to the functional and operational requirements
considered, taking into account the following general criteria:
a) with squirrel cage rotor induction motor:
- PWM (Pulse-Width Modulated);

- AFE (Active Front End) tecnology;
b) with synchronous brushless motor:
All rectifier bridges shall be at least 12 pulse type and shall adopt LCI (Load commuted
Inverter) tecnology;
and according to:
- rated power;
- type of control (voltage source or current source);
- maximum allowable harmonic current.
Protection and control for the input rectifier bridges shall be provided by the circuit breaker in series
with the primary of the main M.V. power transformer.
The use of rectifier bridges with 18, 24 and 36 pulse shall be clearly advise by the Manufacturer
and this solution shall be approved by Snamprogetti.
3.2 Operating performances
The VSDs shall be suitable for operations between 10% and 110% of the maximum speed, unless
otherwise stated in the requisition, and be capable of developing at least the following duties:
a) during starting:
- speed up to 10% of the nominal speed with a fast ramp;
- 120% of required torque at minimum speed for 10 seconds;
b) after starting:
- 110% of required torque at minimum speed for 60 seconds;
c) continuous service:
- speed set point activation;
- torque value according to the speed-torque curve (constant or quadratic).
In any case, VSDs shall always guarantee a motive torque of 10% higher than load torque in all
speed range; moreover, for all types of duties, the VSDs shall be suitable to withstand a sudden
20% overload for 60 seconds.
The following type of speed torque control shall be used:
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 15 (50)
a) quadratic torque scalar control technology;

b) generic constant torque scalar or space vectorial control
technology;
c) constant torque for mixers and extruders space vectorial control technology;
d) constant power scalar control technology.
Speed and torque control with the encoder installed on the motor shaft shall be required for high
dynamic operations.
The maximum output voltage at full speed toward the motor shall be lower or equal to the line rated
voltage; the use of output voltage higher than the line voltage shall be approved by Snamprogetti.
The VSD systems considered for operation in the four quadrants shall normally be carried out with
regenerative conversion units (i.e., AFE units).
For high inertia loads, preference shall be given to VSDs capable of no-regenerative motor braking.
For overhauling loads, no-regenerative braking capability shall be mandatory.
The minimum time interval between set point readjustment by the process control system will be 10
seconds.
The type of provisions adopted to limit the high frequency inducted emissions such as RFI or ENC
filters shall be clearly indicated by the Manufacturer as from the offer stage.
The VSDs shall be suitable for:
a) two successive starts with the VSDs already at service temperature;

b) another starting sequence of at least two successive starts after a 30 minutes cooling
period.
3.3 Operations under critical conditions
The VSDs shall be designed and manufactured to meet all the following normal and critical
operating duties:
a) The VSDs shall meet the above torque requirements at any line voltage between 90% and
110% of the rated voltage.
b) For line voltages between 70% and 90% of the rated voltage, the VSDs shall be able to
support the torque requirements. However, the maximum operating time under these
conditions is limited to 20 seconds and a lower speed than the corresponding required speed
is allowed.
Controlled elements switching-off for undervoltage and overload conditions tripping shall be
prevented.
c) For line voltages between 0% and 70% of the rated voltage, the motor may slow down or stop
without tripping of undervoltage and overload protections for a period of 5 seconds.
Controlled elements switching-off due to undervoltage and overload conditions tripping shall
be prevented.
In addition and only if stated in the project specification, the VSD system shall be able to
maintain the required speed and torque in this voltage range for a period of 200 ms without
tripping of the undervoltage protection. In this case VSD Manufacturer shall develop the right
solution (i.e. oversizing supply from UPS, a.s.o.) and shall submit it with bid.
If the network is restored at 90% of the rated voltage, within the times stated in points b) and c)
above, the VSD systems shall automatically restore the operating conditions existing at the
beginning of the perturbation, preventing transient supply faults during re-acceleration (flying
restarting procedure).
As a general rule, the microprocessor control unit shall be fed by the D.C. supply.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 16 (50)
The capacitors shall remain charged to reduce restarting or re-acceleration times.

If the network is restored at 90% of the rated voltage after the time specified above, the VSD
system shall be started using the operating procedure stated in point 3.2.
In all other type of critical conditions such as faults, the overload protection can trip in compliance
with the Manufacturer’s standard.
3.4 Current regulation
For VSDs driving equipment with a variable torque during each revolution (e.g. reciprocating
compressors) the maximum current variation shall be limited to 50% of rated input current of the
VSDs. This shall apply to all load conditions within the operational speed range and shall be based
on a short circuit capacity of the supply system of 10 times the kVA rating of the VSDs.
If this value is exceeded during the design calculations/simulations, the Manufacturer of the VSDs
shall contact the Manufacturer of the electrical motor and the principal to agree on the action to be
taken to meet the above requirement.
Verification of this variation shall be based on oscillograph measurement and not on ammeter
readings.
3.5 Critical speeds
Motors of VSDs should have a rigid, undercritical rotor bearing system with the first critical speed
over 125% of the maximum operational speed of the VSDs. Motors of VSDs with flexible,
overcritical rotor bearing systems, shall have their first critical speed below 80% of the minimum
operational speed of the VSDs, and the second critical speed over 125% of the maximum
operational speed of the VSDs.
The VSDs shall be designed to run through the critical speeds of the whole system in the shortest
time possible.
Before issuing the order, the Manufacturer shall provide the critical speeds of the VSDs.
3.6 Efficiency and power factor
The minimum overall CDM efficiency shall be at least 95% under all load and speed conditions.
The power factor value towards the external network shall be higher than the following values:
a) 0.95, at the nominal load;

b) 0.92, under all other operating conditions.
3.7 Temperature limits
For the whole speed and load ranges, the external parts of the CDM switchgear, D.C. reactor
structure and harmonic filter assembly shall not exceed the maximum temperature stated in the
following table 3.1.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 17 (50)
TABLE 3.1 - MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE
Part of equipment Material Max. temperature (°C)
Metallic 55
Control devices to be held
Non metallic 65
Parts to be touched during normal Metallic 70

operation but not held Non metallic 80
Parts not to be touched during normal Metallic 80

operation Non metallic 90
Above listed values are referred to ambient temperature of switchgear room of 40°C.
In any case the temperature inside the CDM switchgear in normal operations shall not exceed the
service conditions stated for electronic and electric equipment.
3.8 Harmonics at the line side
3.8.1 General
The Manufacturer shall base the design of harmonic filters on the supply side of the VSDs at the
maximum allowable levels of current and voltage distortion as stated below.
If the currents or voltages exceed these values, the Manufacturer shall clearly state the actual
value in the proposal and shall include the line side filters in his scope of supply.
The Manufacturer shall provide the final data of the different harmonic contents taking into account
the effective network configuration.
3.8.2 Current distortion
For each harmonic, the contribution of the current distortion of each VSD system at full load at the
connection point, is given by the following fornula
HD = HDeq ^ Seq/Sit
Where
Sit = rated power of the upstream power or distribution transformer

Seq = VSD system rated power
HDeq = current distorsion stated by the manufacturer referred to Seq (see table 3.3)
The recommended limits of the current distortion (HD) of each VSD system indicated in the table
3.2.
The R factor stated in tre table 3.2 is equal to the ratio between network short circuit power and
the rated power of the upstream power or distribution transformer feeding the VSD systems.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 18 (50)
TABLE 3.2
Current emission limits HD
for balanced three-phase equipment
Admissible harmonic current HD versus

Factor harmonic order THD
R
5 7 9 13
% % % % %
33 10,7 7,2 3,1 2 13
66 14 9 5 3 16
120 19 12 7 4 22
250 31 20 12 7 37
> 350 40 25 15 10 48
For each harmonic the arithmetic sum (∑HDeq) of all contribution to the current distortions HDeq
toward the network shall be limited to the values stated in the table 3.3
TABLE 3.3 – TOTAL CURRENT HARMONIC LIMITS ∑HDeq
Harmonic 100 ≤ R<

R < 20 20 ≤ R < 50 50 ≤ R < 100 R ≥ 1000
1000
Fi = 5q 4.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Fi = 7q 4.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Fi =11q 4.0 7.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Fi = 13a 2.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 7.0
17a ≤ Fi < 23a 1.5 2.5 4.0 5.0 6.0
23a ≤ Fi < 35a 0.6 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
F ≥ 35 ai 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.4

Current
THD 5.0 8.0 12.0 15.0 20.0
They can be exceeded only if the limits of the voltage harmonic distortions stated at table 3.4 of
para 3.8.3 are met with the higher harmonic current contributions declared by the Manufacturer.
VSD induced D.C. component towards the power transformer or towards the L.V. system shall be
lower than 1%.
3.8.3 Voltage distortion
The Manufacturer shall carry out from the offer stage adequate studies for the selection of rectifier
technology to limit the voltage harmonic within the values stated in the table 3.2.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 19 (50)
These studies shall always be carried out where the application consists of one VSD system with
rated power above 100 kW, or when the sum of the rated power of the VSD systems connected on
the same bus bar is equal and higher than 100 kW.
Moreover these studies shall always be carried out where the harmonic current contributions
exceed the recommended limits indicated in the table 3.3.
The Manufacturer is responsible for the correct sizing of the line filters and, if necessary, shall
reduce the maximum harmonic current components stated in table 3.2, to meet the limits stated in
table 3.4.
TABLE 3.4 - VOLTAGE HARMONIC LIMITS
Harmonic Distortion Harmonic Distortion
5th 5% 17th 1.2%
7th 4% 19th 0.9%
11th 3% 23rd 0.65%
13th 2.2% 25th 0.55%

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) = 8%
3.9 Noise level
The noise level shall be expressed by the sound pressure level in dB (A), at 1 m from the surface
of the motor (SPL).
The noise level values at no-load will be:
a) 80 dB (A) for motors;

b) 70 dB (A) for D.C. reactors and for harmonic filters;
c) 70 dB (A) for CDM switchgear with closed doors.
No tolerances shall be allowed.

Increase in noise level from no-load to full-load conditions shall be limited to 3 dB (A). These noise
limits shall be met in the whole speed and load ranges.
These noise limits shall be met in the whole speed and load ranges.
CDM switchgears shall be provided, when necessary, with chimneys or with adequate facilities to
reduce the noise emissions..
Measurements shall be carried out in accordance with IEC 60034-9 with the motor running
uncoupled at no load, at rated voltage.
3.10 Motor compatibility
Output current THD shall be less than 5% towards the motor.

The VSD induced torque pulsations on the output shaft of the mechanical system shall be less than
1%.
The Manufacturer shall check if it is necessary to provide a smoothing reactance and/or LC filters
to prevent damages on motor winding insulation or reduction of the motor nominal life with
phenomena of quick ageing due to cyclic voltage peaks.
The Manufacturer shall take in account the power cables between the CDM and the motor are
three core type , with steel armour and with copper screen on the single core. The leght to be
considered shall be as minimum 1000m.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 20 (50)
The necessity of overall cable screen shall be advised by the manufacturer.
3.11 Earthing requirements
The earthing concept (grounding, earthing, screening) of the drive system should take into account:
− External earthing system;

− Voltage streese for high switching frequencies;
− Disturbances issues;
− Fault conditions;
− Current leakages.
The point and the type of earthing, together with the VSD typology (with output filter) defines the
resulting insulation stress.
It is within the responsibility of the system Manufacturer to specify special requirements in any fault
conditions concerning necessary interconnections and their minimum cross-section of protective
earthing conductor between main components, due to high currents in fault conditions and shield
currents of the power cables.
Safe earthing practice for the transformer frame, the motor frame and for cables armour or screens
shall be followed to prevent current leakages due to high frequencies and harmonics.
Earthing of the VSD may be made in different places. The location of the earthing shall be chosen
according to the nature of the system: neutral of a common transformer, middle point of a common
d.c. bus, the star point of any frequency converter output filter or the star point of the motor.
All metallic parts of the VSD shall be connected to the equipotential system installed by
Snamprogetti.
Where the protective conductor cannot be easily identified by its shape, position or construction, it
shall be clearly identified at accessible positions by the graphical symbol as per IEC 60617 or by
the green/yellow bicolor combination.
3.12 Availability mean time between failures
The VSD system shall be designed for a minimum availability of 99.9% and shall be designed for a
minimum life expectancy of 20 years.
The VSD system shall be designed for a Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) of 100,000 hours.
In order to optimise reliability and minimise complexity, the inverter power switch component count
shall be minimised by utilising high peak inverse voltage (PIV) rated devices. Preference shall be
given to designs exhibiting the lowest overall power component count.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 21 (50)
4 CONTROL PERFORMANCES
4.1 Control system performances
The CDM shall be able to control and to power also the following auxiliary associated systems
when provided:
a) CDM cooling systems;

b) motor cooling systems;
c) motor pressurisation systems (for Eex-p-II-T3 safety execution);
d) motor excitation systems (for synchronous systems);
e) harmonic filters;
f) power transformers;
g) D.C. reactors;
h) power factor improvement systems;
i) motor forced lubrication systems.
The VSD control system shall have facilities for protection alarm and monitoring of significant
parameters, to check the correct operation and the efficiency of the whole VSD system.
The VSD control system shall be a microprocessor type, provided with communication protocol
type MODBUS TCP as per IEC 61158 supported on ETHERNET TCP/IP.
Control systems using other types of supports or protocols are not accepted.
If necessary, a remote terminal unit shall be installad inside the switchgear for the conversion of
digital inputs in serial signalling.
The control system shall be suitable to carry-out the following automatic operations:
a) Start-up of BDM and CDM cooling systems;

b) start-up of motor cooling systems;
c) interlock checking;
d) automatic start and run-up of VSD systems, as stated at point 3.2;
e) re-acceleration and/or re-starting in case of a voltage drop as stated at point 3.3;
f) shutdown.
The VSDs will be either speed-torque or speed-power controlled in accordance with the
requirement stated in the requisition.
The relationship between the speed and torque or power and the reference signal, within the
operational speed, shall be linear.
All VSDs shall trip if the speed exceeds 105% of the maximum operating speed.
The VSDs shall trip if the speed is reduced to less than 95% of the minimum operating speed for
longer than 10 seconds.
The program shall be protected against loss of supply voltage and faulty signals corrupting the
information. Batteries or equivalent back-up shall be provided for memory supply and special
measures shall be taken to protect the memory contents against external disturbances such us RFI
and other environment effects.
EPROM’s shall be used, as far as possible.
Information regarding the cause of tripping of the VSDs.
The information will be retained for a minimum period of 4 days after interruption of power supply to
the VSDs.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 22 (50)
The VSD systems shall be designed for:
- remote control, adjustment from the Process control system (DCS);

- out of service;
- local control from BDM/CDM front.
Suitable selectors with key, placed on the BDM/CDM front, and an electrical contact shall be
provided.
The control system shall have also the following performances:
- fluctuation of the output value ± 0.2%;

- deviation between set point value and output value: ± 0.5%;
- reaction time following to a external command/control: 2 seconds.
The interfaces with DCS shall be the follows:
a) 4÷20 mA speed set point signal

A signal fed by others that changes the speed set-point.
The speed set point will be set off when the motor speed is under the minimum value of its
regulation range or after motor magnetisation.
b) 4÷20 mA actual motor speed

A signal fed by the CDM indicating the actual motor speed.
c) 4÷20 mA motor current

A signal fed by CDM indicating the motor current.
Current signal shall be taken before the rectifier bridge.
d) Ready to start signal

An indication that the whole system is in normal configuration without alarms and faults with
the motor stopped.
e) Start signal
A signal that closes the main M.V. circuit breaker, starts all auxiliary systems and increases
motor speed up to a minimum or preset value within a preset time.
f) Stop signal
A signal that decreases motor speed down to zero within a preset time, stops all auxiliary
systems and opens the main M.V. circuit breaker.
g) Emergency stop signal

A signal that quickly decreases motor speed down to zero, stops all auxiliary systems and
opens the main M.V. circuit breaker.
h) Motor running signal

An indication that the motor is running and above the minimum speed.
i) VSD system fault signal

An indication of malfunctioning of the whole VSD system.
l) Process lock-out signal

A signal that trips the system and reverts the speed set point to zero.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 23 (50)
Interfaces with the pushbutton near the motor shall be as follows:
a) Start signal
A signal that closes the main L.V. circuit breaker or contactor, starts all auxiliary systems
and increases motor speed up to a minimum or preset value within a preset time.
b) Stop signal
A signal that decreases motor speed down to zero within a preset time, stops all auxiliary
systems and opens the main LV. circuit breaker or contactor.
c) 4÷20 mA actual motor speed

A signal fed by CDM indicating the actual motor speed.
The electrical characteristics of input and output contacts shall be at least:
a) utilisation category AC 15 or DC 13;
b) utilisation rated currents (Ie) 1A at 120 V d.c. with time constant L/R 10 ms;
3 A up to 240 V a.c.;
c) power frequency voltage value 2000 V for 1 minute.
4.2 Protection and alarm system
The protection and alarm system shall provide sufficient detailed information for easy
understanding of messages of malfunctions and dangerous situations by maintenance personnel
familiar with this type of equipment.
The motor current limitation of the converter shall reduce the output frequency/voltage.
All trip signals of the VSDs shall open the MV circuit breaker with a voltage free contact.
The following protection and alarm functions should be applied as a minimum requirement and be
epresented on an alarm indication system with first-failure indication.
Representation of all the alarms on the outer side of the converter is not required.
Key to the letter codes:
A alarm/pre-alarm;
T alarm + immediate trip by de-energizing the VSDs followed by the tripping of the feeding
contactor/circuit breaker installed in Snamprogetti variable.
a) Motor
- Short circuit (T)

- Overload (T)
- Earth fault in the stator windings (T)
- Overtemperature stator windings (T)
- Bearing temperature, luboil flow, vibration (A+T)
- Cooling fan or pump motors trip (T)
Pressurized motors may require additional protection and alarm functions.
b) Transformers
- Oil level (A)

- Pressure (A+T)
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 24 (50)
- Buchholz (A+T)
- Overtemperature (A+T)
c) Converter
(The applicable protection / alarm functions depend on the type of converter).
- Undervoltage incoming side (A see point 3.3)

- Internal short circuit (T)
- d.c. link overvoltage (T)
- Loss of control voltage (T)
- Earth fault main circuit (T)
- Earth fault secondary circuits (T)
- Overtemperature power electronic enclosure (T)
- Failures of auxiliaries together with identification of the (A) or (A+T)
failing unit
- One-phase interruption motor side (T)
- Converter current protection (T see point 3.3)
- 5% measured value deviation from the set point (A)
- U/f ratio incorrect (A)
- 105% overspeed (T)
- 95% underspeed (T)
- motor stalled (T)
4.3 Communication facilities
In order to interface the VSD with the ECMS, two redundant Ethernet ports shall be provided on the
CDM. If not otherwise specified the communication protocol shall be Modbus TCP as per IEC
61158 or IEC 61850 and the physical support shall be copper cable with RJ45 plug.
A dedicated port shall be provided for the time synchronization of the CDM.
The synchronization protocol shall be IRIG-B and the physical support shall be coaxial cable.
Synchronization trought Ethernet with SNTP is not accepted.
Any deviation from these requirements shall be clearly highlined in the offer phase.
All the signallings and measurements listed in the ch. 4.2 shall be available on communication
interface for the Electrical Control and Monitoring System (ECMS) together following additional
indications:
- output speed;
- speed set point;
- output torque;
- output current;
- output power;
- ready to start;
- ready for operation;
- running;
- incoming swirc open/close;
- auxiliary fans trips;
- D.C. auxiliary supply trips;
- A.C. auxiliary supply trips.
4.4 Redundant control systems
When clearly required in the project specification, the whole control system shall be provided with a
"hot" spare unit in stand-by.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 25 (50)
In case of failure in a control unit, the automatic switching of the unit in stand-by shall be provided.
The switching shall take place so that no anomalies or operation shutdown occur.
Redundancy shall be provided and thus have 2 independent and separate control systems starting
from the instrumentation installed on the machine. This is to exclude any common cause of failure
and allow maintenance, failure research, replacement, etc., on all the components (including the
sensors installed on the machine) of a system with the VSD system in service.
Moreover a failure or anomaly in an instrument or sensor installed on the machine for which
redundancy is provided, shall not be the cause of untimely action of protection devices and/or
shutdowns.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 26 (50)
5 CDM CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
5.1 BDM power electronic system
5.1.1 General
The rating of semi-conductors such as diodes or thyristors shall be based on data specified by the
Manufacturer of the elements in his catalogue or in official data sheet documentation.
The voltage peaks of a rectifier bridge shall not exceed 50% of allowable values given by the
Manufacturer of the elements.
The voltage peaks of a voltage source controlled bridge shall not exceed 80% of the allowable
values given by the Manufacturer of the elements.
The voltage peaks of a current source inverter bridge shall also not exceed 50% of the allowable
values given by the Manufacturer of the elements.
The semi-conductor elements of all the bridges shall be identical.
If series connection of semi-conductors is applied, the above stated allowable values for the
repetitive and non-repetitive voltage peaks of a rectifier or controlled bridge shall be reduced by an
additional 5%.
The current rating of the converter semi-conductor components shall not be less than 120% of the
maximum current flowing through the elements at full load of the VSDs through the whole speed
range. If parallel connection of semi–conductors is applied, the above current rating shall not be
less than 140% of the above values.
The Manufacturer shall state in the proposal the maximum junction temperatures of the semi-
conductors at 100% continuous load of the VSDs.
The name of the Manufacturer of the semi-conductor elements shall be stated in the proposal as
well as the type or serial numbers of the semi-conductor that will be used.
As a general rule, the converter elements shall be individually protected by fuses.
The protection fuses can be omitted on condition that:
a) failure of an element is univocally and individually indicated;

b) failure of a single element does not cause shutdown of the VSD system allowing the operation
at the rated conditions;
c) failure of the diode or of the thyristor is almost equal to that of the fuse;
d) the cost of the spare converter element is the same as that of the fuse.
Fuses shall have suitable operating characteristics to ensure an efficient and safe protection of the
converter element and shall be provided with a mechanical operation device for the necessary
shutdown and/or alarm.
5.1.2 Input rectifier bridges
The input rectifier bridges provide D.C. voltage and current to the D.C. link.
According to the technology adopted, the following VSD rectifier solutions are acceptable:
Voltage source systems:
a) Normal 6 or 12 or 24 bridge diode rectifier with 2/4 winding secondary phase shifting isolation
transformer;
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 27 (50)
b) 6 or 12 or 24 bridge SCR thyristors rectifier with 2/4 winding secondary phase shifting isolation
transformer;
c) PWM rectifier (Active Front End) with AC line reactor or isolation transformer.
Current source systems:
a) 12 pulse rectifier with controlled thyristors, with a D.C. line reactor and with 2 winding
secondary phase shifting isolation transformer.
They shall be connected in series so that their voltages are additive.

Nominal D.C. link voltages shall be from 3000 V dc to 6000 V dc in compliance with the VSD rated
power.
Input rectifier protection will be assured by a circuit breaker placed on feeding switchgear. While
each incoming shall be equipped with an off load line switch.
All cabinet doors shall be interlocked with the line switches.
5.1.3 Safety grounding switch
A safety grounding switch or analogue system shall always be included to guarantee personnel
safety when VSD system maintenance is performed. All cabinet doors shall be interlocked with the
safety grounding switch to ensure that power has been removed and that all stored energy (e.g. the
DC link capacitor banks) has been discharged before equipment access can be gained.
When closed, the safety grounding switch shall connect all the DC link buses to ground.
Where the DC link capacitor banks are not directly accessible from the doors the safety-grounding
switch may be replaced by a additional barrier able to guarantee a degree of protection of IP 3X ,
complete with a warning label.
5.1.4 D.C. link
A protective system shall be provided on the D.C. link that opens in the event of faults and when
the requirements stated in b) and c) of point 3.3 are not met, and closes the D.C. circuit when its
voltage is over 80% of the rated voltage.
If required by the adpted technology, the DC link choke shall work to limit adverse voltages and
currents. The choke shall insert a parallel resistance and reactance in series with the inverter’s
voltage source. In this way, voltage overshoots shall be maintained within safe levels.
The DC link capacitors shall filter the output of the bridge rectifiers and shall provide a low
impedance source of voltage at the DC link from which the inverter stage can operate.
5.1.5 Inverter bridge
Inverter bridges shall be a combination of 6 bridge or 12 bridge controlled elements. Each

controlled element of the bridge shall be provided with resistor and capacitor to prevent excessive
voltage when the inverter is turned off.
In the event of a failure in the DC link, inverter or any other short circuit occurring outward from the
inverter (e.g. short circuit at motor terminals), the protection of semiconductors shall open in less
than 25 microseconds.
5.1.6 Line and motor side filter
If an output filter is required to mitigate reflected waves, or to meet any special requirements of the
application, it must be integrated in the VSD switchgear.
A selective harmonic elimination must be available to eliminate a potential harmonic resonance in
the operating speed range.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 28 (50)
This design approach shall be used to reduce high frequency bearing current problems that derive
from the fast switching of the inverter bridge.
The filter shall be designed with a low resonance frequency, which accounts for its ability to provide
good filtering at the switching frequency of the inverter.
The capacitors included in the LC filter shall be assembled in a star configuration with the common
point of the connection directly earthed.
5.2 CDM cooling system
The following cooling systems shall be maximised:
- open forced air (only for VSD system up to 1500 kW);

- external natural air / internal forced air with heat exchanger;
- external natural air / internal demineralised water with heat exchanger;
- external water / internal demineralised water with heat exchanger.
Water with characteristics as defined in the project specification shall be used as an external
secondary cooling fluid.
The Manufacturer shall size the exchanger according to the external secondary cooling water
characteristics.
The fans and the pumps shall be fully redundant and shall be fed by the auxiliary user section of
the CDM.
Each unit shall be complete with the necessary auxiliaries and accessories for correct operation.
5.3 Switchgear arrangement
The arrangement of the switchgear, equipment and component layout shall be such that they are
easily visible for inspection and easily accessible for checks and for tests from the front or from the
rear when necessary or required.
The opening of the rear doors and the access to the rear of the switchgear shall be interlocked
with the associated power disconnection device.
The access to the rear of the switchgear by the removal of bolted plates without interlocks shall be
possible only during erection.
The heaviest equipment should be placed on the lower side of the switchgear.
Indicators, control switches, push buttons and lamps, shall be assembled in an easy position for
reading and operation at a height of between 300 mm and 2000 mm.
The accessibility to all internal equipment for inspection and for replacement shall be possible
without dismantling other apparatus or disconnecting wires not strictly associated with the
equipment under maintenance.
For openings with a width narrower than 500 mm, screws, bolts and terminals shall be accessible
with the arms only from outside the switchgear, without the necessity to enter in the structure with
other parts of the body.
In the other cases the body shall be able to move in all directions freely without obstacles.
The equipment for which maintenance operations are provided (relay wiring, fuse replacement,
etc.) shall be positioned so that these operations can be performed easily, without having to
remove other parts or equipment, while the switchgear is energised and without danger of direct
accidental contact with energised parts.
Access to this equipment shall be possible by opening a door.
The degree of protection IP20 shall be ensured in all inside parts of the switchgear.
All withdrawable and plug-in circuit breakers shall be of the flush mounted type. The holes in the
compartment doors shall be provided with suitable seals.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 29 (50)
Components which are sources of heat, shall not damage or reduce the performances of adjacent
components.
If any ionisation gases are produced by an item of equipment, adjacent equipment shall not be
negatively influenced.
The wireguards shall be protected against damage.
5.4 Switchgear rated voltages
The switchgears and all individual components forming part of the supply shall be designed for the
system voltage and its variations (in general plus-minus ±10%) stated in the project specification.
The rated voltage of the switchgear and all individual equipment shall be defined on the basis of
the project system voltage and shall be selected from the values given in IEC 60694 Series I.
The rated insulation level (at sea level) shall be in accordance with the following values in
compliance with IEC codes and shall be suitable for the project installation level.
Rated voltage (kV, 50-60 Hz) <1 3.3 7.2
Rated power frequency 2.5 10 20

withstand voltage (kV, r.m.s.,1m)
Rated impulse withstand voltage 4 40 60

(kV, peak value)
All L.V. equipment (circuit breakers, all power fuses and all switches associated to the power
system) should have a rated operating voltage (Ue) of not less than 690 V.
Miniature circuit breakers, fuses and switches associated to the functional unit control system or
associated to lighting system feeders shall have the rated operating voltage (Ue) of 500 V.
All auxiliary equipment shall be suitable to withstand a power frequency voltage value of 2000 V for
1 minute.
5.5 Structure and enclosure
The switchgear shall be self-supporting and shall be manufactured with a structure and materials
able to withstand the mechanical, electrical and thermal stresses and also the corrosion
phenomena caused by the site conditions described in the project specifications.
The structure shall be suitable for fixing to the concrete floor of the electrical building by means of
bolts or of a base frame to be supplied by the Manufacturer.
The sheets shall have a minimum thickness of 2 mm and shall be reinforced at weak points; an
exception can be made for internal sheets, not belonging to the bearing structure and for the
external covers, which may have a thickness of 1.5 mm.
Non metallic components (plastic covers, glasses) and wireguards mounted in exposed positions,
shall be able to withstand an impact energy of 2 J.
Panel closing covers and plates shall be fixed by screws.
Doors shall be hinged, provided with handles and lockable with a key or with other types of
padlocking systems.
5.6 Switchgear main and branch bus-bars system
The main bus bars cross sectional area shall be the same for the whole bus bar length.
All bus bars shall be made of high-conductivity, electrolytic copper, except for the ends used for
connections to power equipment and for special use parts.
The terminal bars used for cable connections, and at least one side of bar to bar connections shall
be silvered.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 30 (50)
Bus bar supports may be insulators or moulded or laminated insulating supports; they shall be of
non hygroscopic and non flammable material and manufactured to avoid superficial discharges due
to dust deposit or to the formation of condensate. The bars shall be clamped taking into
consideration thermal expansion and vibrations.
Bolts used for connections shall be electrolytic zinc-chrome treated. All bolts and connections shall
be provided with anti-loosening devices.
The terminal bars for power cable connections shall be marked in accordance with IEC codes as
follows:
- L1 - L2 - L3 or with colours green, white, and red for A.C. distribution;
- P - N or with colours blue amd black for D,C disttibution
5.7 Earthing
5.7.1 Earthing bus bar
An earthing bus-bar (PE) shall be installed on the whole length of the switchgear.
The bus-bar shall be sized on the basis of the system earth fault current with a minimum 200 mm²
cross section area. The earthing bus bar shall be provided with holes (at least two for each
switchgear section) having a diameter of 12 mm for connections to the external earthing system.
The earthing bus bar shall be of electrolytic copper.
5.7.2 Equipotential connections
In general, electrical continuity is guaranteed by screws and rings and bolts and an additional
equipotential connection is not required.
An equipotential connection with a minimum cross section of 10 mm² is required only for doors
equipped with electric apparatus such as instruments, lamps, and selectors.
5.8 L.V. power equipment
5.8.1 Circuit breakers
The circuit breakers will be in accordance with IEC 60947-2.

In general, the rated service short circuit breaking capacity (Ics) of all circuit breakers shall be at
least equal to the rated short time withstand current (Ice) specified for the switchgear.
Circuit breakers shall assure the opening of all phases and neutral and shall be suitable for
isolation of the power circuits.
All circuit breakers shall have a visual mechanical or electrical indication for the following positions:
a) open;
b) closed;
c) released or open for trip.
All circuit breakers shall have padlock facilities in the “OFF” position.
5.8.2 Miniature circuit breakers
Miniature circuit breakers shall be used for switchgears internal wiring (protective devices co-
ordination shall be assured).
Miniature circuit breakers shall be in compliance with IEC 60947-2.
Miniature circuit breakers shall open all phases and neutral.
Two SPST contacts (1 NO + 1 NC) shall be always provided.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 31 (50)
5.8.3 On-load switches
The on-load switch should be rotary type and shall operate (closing and opening) all phases and
neutral.
They shall be easily accessible and operable from the front of the switchgear without opening the
compartment door and shall have padlock facilities in the “OFF” position.
On-load rotary switches shall be in compliance with IEC 60947-3 with utilisation category AC 22 B
or 23 B, depending on the loads powered by the switchgear.
The rated current of the neutral pole shall have a current rating equal to that of the phase poles.
5.8.4 Fuses
Fuses shall be high breaking capacity (HRC) type, minimum rated voltage of 500 V, utilisation
category G in accordance with IEC 60269-1.
The breaking capacity shall be equal to the short circuit rating of the bus bar system with a
minimum of 80 kA.
Type of fuse system in accordance with IEC 60269-1 should be with blade contacts over 63 A.
5.8.5 Motor starters
Fan motor starters shall be in accordance with IEC 60947-4-1, co-ordination type 2 referred to the
rated short time withstand current (Icw) specified for the switchgear.
The motor starters functional units shall consist of:
a) moulded case circuit breaker with overcurrent protection;

b) AC-3 category air contactor;
c) bi-metallic or electronic overload protection;
d) separate electronic ground fault protective devices with Ring CT-tripping the contactor.
The switchgear Manufacturer shall be responsible for the choice of the motor starter with fully co-
ordinated components. The choice of the co-ordination table shall be made among primary
manufacturing companies (subject to Snamprogetti’s approval).
5.8.6 Analogic instruments
All analogic instruments to be mounted on the front shall be flush mounted type with rear
connections; they should preferably have square case and the possibility of seal application.
The main requirements are:
a) dimensions should not be less than 72 x 72 mm;
b) constant of each instrument shall be clearly indicated and shall have 1.5 class of accuracy or
better;
c) digital instrument should have dimensions 96 X 48 mm (for power factor measurements two
decimals are to be considered).
The ammeters and voltmeters should have a deviation, at the rated value, of about 75% of the end
of scale value.
Transducer shall comply with IEC 60688.

Measurement transducers with output signal in current shall be sized as follows:
4 mA = 0% of rated value;
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 32 (50)
20 mA = 120% of rated value.
5.8.7 Signalling lamps
Lamps shall meet IEC 60947-5-1 requirements. The lamps shall be light emitted diode (LED) type.
In accordance with IEC 60073 the colours shall be:
GREEN (HG) Sequence or functional unit ready for operation;

WHITE (HW) Circuit closed and user in service;
RED (HR) Protection trip;
BLUE (HB) Withdrawn position;
YELLOW (HY) Automatic sequence executed.
5.8.8 Auxiliary relays
Auxiliary relays shall meet IEC 60255 requirements, shall be plug-in type with the base suitable to
avoid wrong insertions and suitable for permanent energisation without economy resistor. In
general they shall have 2NO + 2NC SPST contacts.
The auxiliary relay characteristics shall be:
- output contact rated utilisation current (te) 3 A up to 240 V a.c.

1 A at 120 V d.c. with time constant L/R 10 ms
- on-load service 120 cycles/hour
- electric nominal life 1,000,000 cycles in a.c.

100,000 cycles in d.c.
- contact form type A, B, C.
5.9 Cable entries and wiring
5.9.1 Cable and bus-duct inlets
Cable inlet to the switchgear can take place from the bottom and shall be carried out with undrilled
removable sheets or, whenever required in the project specification, with cable glands or other
sealing systems.
The sheets installed for single core cable entries shall be of non magnetic material.
The clearance of terminal strips should be at least 300 mm from the bottom and from the top, and
at least 200 mm from the vertical sides.
The inlet bus ducts may take place at the top of the switchgear and will be carried out with isolating
supports, flexible end copper joints, earthing connection facilities and flanges.
The bus bar connections shall be able to withstand, without deformation, the design electrical and
mechanical stresses due to rated current and due to the maximum fault currents.
5.9.2 Secondary wiring
The conductors shall be copper made, flame retardant insulated (IEC 60332-3), with 450/750 V
rated voltage.
The cross-section of power cable conductor shall be calculated by the VSD system Manufacturer in
accordance with the applicable codes. The wiring minimum cross section shall be as follows:
a) 2.5 mm² : L.V. power and ammeter circuits;
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 33 (50)
b) 1.5 mm² : control circuits;

c) 1 mm² : auxiliaries.
Reduced sections may be used for electronic equipment but shall be technically justified and
submitted to Snamprogetti for approval.
Wiring shall be protected by metallic earthed grilles or installed in plastic channels to ensure easy
pulling and pushing.
The plastic channels should be sized to guarantee a 40% free space.
The ducts containing wiring conductors should have semi-opened side with cover.
They shall be of rigid, plastic material, anti-shock type, and heat resistant.
The interconnection cables between the several parts of the switchgear should be placed in a
passage compartment inside the switchgear structure so that pulling and pushing of cables can be
carried out without having direct access to the compartment.
The bundles of conductors and ducts should be formed trying to keep the conductors belonging to
different circuits or control systems separate as much as possible.
The conductor ends should have compression type cable terminals and be identifiable in an
unambiguous way.
Not more than 2 conductors shall end up on the same terminal block except for outlet conductors
that should be connected individually.
The method for marking the wiring conductors shall be an independent marking type.
The terminals of auxiliary wiring shall be made in compliance with IEC 60947-7 and suitable for the
type and material of the selected conductors.
The insulating material of terminals shall be melamine or another high-density plastic material.
Wiring between two terminals shall be continuous (joints are not allowed).
All terminals shall be able to connect two wires with a section of 2.5 mm² on each side.
All circuits relevant to signalling and control shall be individually numbered with progressive
numbers.
The terminals of current circuits between the CT and protection/control devices and all ammeter
terminals shall be short circuited type with plug-in tap to connect portable instruments.
The terminals of voltmeter circuits between the VT and the protection/control devices and all
terminals of the functional unit terminal blocks shall be sectionalising type.
5.10 Other fittings
The following accessories shall be supplied for each VSD system:
a) all accessories for mechanical and electrical assembly on site such as bolts, washers,
cables and connection bars between panels, etc.;
b) lifting lugs or similar devices;
c) steel base frame suitable to be fixed in concrete;
d) anti-condensation heating system shall be electrical and shall be supplied from a separate
source connected between phase and neutral. Heater circuits mounted in the separate
compartments of the VSD system shall be separately protected and switched for isolation
purposes. The protection shall include earth-leakage protection. Heater locations shall be
studied to ensure their specific function and shall be protected against accidental contacts;
e) low voltage compartment internal lighting with a hand and door switch;
f) other accessories as indicated in the project specification.
5.11 Corrosion protection and final painting colour
The corrosion protection of the whole VSD system and its individual parts shall be established by
the Manufacturer on the basis of the project design conditions.
The external colour of the finishing layer shall be finalized during detailed engineering.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 34 (50)
5.12 Nameplates
Each part of the VSD system and each item of equipment shall be provided with the necessary
nameplates, fixed with screws or rivets, and bearing engraved wording (letters shall be white on a
black background).
The language and wording shall be as indicated in the project specification.
The following nameplates and tags shall be provided:
a) nameplate with the name of the equipment Manufacturer and trade mark;
b) equipment nameplate having dimensions of about 60 x 300 mm and engraved with the tag of
the CDM switchgears shall be located on the top at the centreline of each switchgear section;
c) nameplate with the technical data in compliance with relevant codes;
d) nameplate accident prevention in the location where a danger situation may be created
inadvertently;
e) identification label placed near each component in compliance with overall and schematic
drawings.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 35 (50)
6 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER POWER EQUIPMENT
6.1 Transformers
Converter transformers shall be designed and tested in accordance with SPC.EL.TRA.37 or

SPC.EL.TRA.38 implemented with the specific requirements stated in IEC Codes 60146-1-3 and
61378-1 for the evaluation of the performances.
Transformers may be dry type or oil type. Based on the physical requirements of the application,
the transformer could be located remote from the VSD system equipment or near the VSD system
equipment.
The converter transformer shall be suitable for operation with non-sinusoidal current wave shapes
and DC components (at least 1% of the rated current) under normal and abnormal (e.g. short
circuit) conditions of the VSDs without exceeding its temperature or other limits under the
conditions of this specification.
Transformer windings are to be defined according to the calculated insulation stresses (peak
values, common mode, peak rise time, pulse frequency, reflections) defined by the drive system
typology and the VSD power part earthing concept.
Multiple secondaries shall be required in order to provide the necessary phase shift for 12, 18 or 24
pulse (optional) operation. A secondary purpose for the transformer shall be to provide sufficient
impedance to limit line harmonics to acceptable IEEE 519 levels. For 12 pulse systems the
secondary of the transformer has one wye secondary and one delta secondary.
The rated power and short circuit impedance shall be the same for all secondary windings.
These values should be included in the transformer specification made by the VSD system
Manufacturer.
6.2 D.C. Reactors
Converter reactors shall be designed and tested in accordance with SPC.EL.TRA.38 implemented
with the specific requirements staed in IEC Codes 60146-1-3 and 61378-1 for the evaluation of the
performances.
Converter reactors shall be dry type and shall be suitable for operation with the non-sinusoidal
current wave shapes and AC ripple components under all operational conditions of this
specification.
The reactors shall be equipped with 2 embedded temperature detectors.
The assembly shall include a free standing structure and enclosure (steel panelswitchgear) with an
IP 23 degree of protection including the bottom side.
Overload of the reactors shall trip the VSDs and give an indicating alarm on the converter.
The assembly shall include:
a) D.C. reactor (one or more elements);

b) cable M.V. terminals;
c) space heater;
d) two temperature detectors;
e) auxiliary terminal boxes.
The whole assembly shall be sized so as to meet the temperature limits of 70°C.
The arrangement of the component layout shall be carried out taking into consideration that:
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 36 (50)
a) heat sources shall not damage or reduce the performance of adjacent components;
b) easy accessibility for cable connections and maintenance operations.
The live parts of the electrical circuits shall be properly located and protected.
All terminations shall be bolted, welded or brazed and shall be mechanically secured to provide
electrical continuity.
6.3 Motors
6.3.1 General
All motors powered from the power converter for variable speed application shall be designed for
the specific application and shall comply (as applicable) with this specification and with:
SPC.EL.RMA.41 for M.V. induction motors;

SPC.EL.RMA.43 for synchronous motors;
For all speed operating ranges in particular for:
- Winding temperature limits;

- Vibrations;
- Noise Level
- Bearing temperature limits
The motor rated output, at the specified duty and within in all speed regulation range and at the
project ambient and electrical design conditions are referred to the following maximum winding
temperatures:
- 125°C for motor with rated power of 5000 kV or above

- 130°C for motor with rated power of 200 kV or above up to 5000 kW not included
The maximum tempertature is defined for the thermal class B.
All temperature values are referred to the measurement with embedded thermal detectors (RTD) at
each ambient temperature and with the motor in service at the continuous rated output, at project
design temperature.
The motors shall be conveniently sized to take into account overheating caused by the harmonic
components of the electric magnitudes.
The motor winding shall be sized and protected in compliance with the requirements stated in IEC
Code 61800-4.
All motor bearings shall be always isolated.
For motors installed in explosion-hazard locations, the temperatures shall in no case exceed the
maximum ones admitted by the temperature class, independently of the limits allowed by insulating
material.
The temperature shall be monitored by the CDM and a temperature detector (RTD) shall be placed
on the motor windings.
Facilities for a future unstallation of the encoder on the motor shaft shall be always required
including dedicated box or space inside the other boxes.
6.3.2 Coupling
a) the motor Manufacturer shall define:
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 37 (50)
- max torques (start-up, locked rotor);

- pulsating torques;
- axial thrusts.
b) The Manufacturer of the driven machine:
- shall carry out the torsional analysis of the whole line of the shaft;
- shall define the type of joint and the erection procedures.
c) On the basis of the results of b), the motor Manufacturer shall:
- verify the correct sizing of the motor shaft;

- confirm the joint assembly and its electrical isolation.
- verufy the critical speeds
Each Manufacturer is responsible for his calculations and for the information transmitted to others.
The final results of these analyses shall be minuted and accepted by both vendors, and a copy of
the minutes shall be sent to the company.
In any case, all NDE side bearings of motors (both sleeve and roller) shall be isolated.
6.3.3 Cooling
Variable speed motors shall have a rotor-bearing syste with the first rotor bending critical speed not
lower than 125% of the maximum speed.
It is not allowed a critical speed inside speed regulation range.
For the motor rated less than 500 kW:
- IC 411;
- IC 511;
- IC 611.
For the motor rated 500 kW and higher:
- IC 416;
- IC 516;
- IC 616;
- IC 666;
- IC 867.
The fans or the pumps used for forced circulation of the internal primary cooling fluid (air or water)
shall be fully redundant and fed and controlled by the CDM unit.
6.4 Harmonic filtering assemblies
The data necessary for filter design as well as the information of the external mains necessary for
correct sizing shall be generally indicated in the project specification.
In case of incompleteness or lack of some data, the vendor shall obtain, in time, their definition by
the Manufacturer.
The Manufacturer shall also define the resonance frequencies (parallel) of the feed mains under all
possible operating conditions.
The harmonic filter shall be directly connected to the HV side of the associated transformer without
disconnecting device.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 38 (50)
The construction of the assemblies shall be in compliance with the requirements stated for the
converter switchgears in chapter 6 and in compliance with the installation conditions.
than the maximum operating voltage (see the table of point 6.4) including the voltage increases
evaluated considering the effect of the D.C. reactors with the power supply under minimum short
circuit power conditions.
For the calculation of the peak value of the maximum operating voltage, the peak value should be
assumed as sinusoidal, increased by the arithmetic sum of the peak value of each single harmonic
component of the voltage wave.
The harmonic components of the voltage shall be calculated considering the minimum short circuit
power values defined in the project specification.
The filters of each single harmonic shall be double star connected.
The filters shall be provided with unbalance protection (voltage or current) installed in the star
center.
6.5 External cables
External power and control cables also if not included in the scope of supply, are to be sized by the
Manufacturer according to the calculated insulation stresses (peak values, common mode, peak
rise times, pulse frequency, reflections) defined by the drive system typology and the VSD power
part earthing concept.
These values should be included in the power cable specification made by the VSD system
Manufacturer.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 39 (50)
7 TESTS
7.1 Test definition
The tests are divided into four categories (Snamprogetti division amends IEC Standard):
a) Routine tests (Tables 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 section 1) are tests made by the Manufacturer on each
VSD system on each component and on each functional unit involved in each purchase order to
verify compliance with the project requirements, and to detect any faults in materials and
fabrication.
b) Type tests (Tables 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 section 2) are tests performed on one VSD system of each
type included in the supply to demonstrate that these motors comply with the specified
requirements not covered by routine tests.
For CDM switchgears, the test report of a similar VSD system can be accepted and shall be
submitted to Snamprogetti before the issue of the purchase order.
c) Special test (Table 7.2, section 3) are tests other than routine or type tests, agreed between
Snamprogetti and Manufacturer and applicable only to one or more VSD systems of a supply.
Special test reports of commercial similar VSD systems shall be sent, at Snamprogetti’s
request, before the purchase order issue (reference to Inspection Data Sheet shall be made).
Special tests to be performed on VSD systems included in the supply shall be defined by
Snamprogetti and the Manufacturer before the purchase order issue.
d) Site test (Table 7.2, section 4) are tests made by the Manufacturer in site on the whole VSD
system after the mechanical completion. They are tests that could not be carried out in
workshop.
7.2 Test execution and responsibility
In compliance with the rated power, all the VSD systems and each item of power equipment shall
be subject before shipment and on site to tests to prove compliance with the project specification.
The Manufacturer shall be fully responsible for all test execution activities.
Tests on the VSD system are divided into three stages.
a) First stage
Each component (transformer, motor, converter, D.C. reactors and filter) shall be submitted to a
factory test in the Manufacturer’s or subsupplier’s workshop.
Tests and checks to be carried out on the converter, CDM and the filters are specified in Table
7.1.
b) Second stage
The whole VSD system shall be assembled in the main contractor’s workshop for routine and
type tests as listed in Table 7.2.
The no-load test, type and special tests will be carried out in the main contractor’s workshop
only on VDS systems rated up to 5000 kW.
Type tests with light load can be approved by Snamprogetti if the full load tests will be carried
out in site by the Manufacturer personnels
In this case all the costs shall be included in the order price.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 40 (50)
Type test reports relevant to VSD system with thr same characteristics and configuration may
be submitted to Snamptogetti for review and approvals.
c) Third stage
After final assembly the whole VSD system shall be submitted to the commissioning site tests
and to the type and special tests not carried out in the main contractor’s workshop, as listed in
Table 7.2.
The Manufacturer shall include all the costs of personnel (travel tickets and accommodation) in
the base price.
The final choice of the place where type and special tests are to be carried out shall be agreed
upon before the order between Snamprogetti’s and the main contractor.
The test shall be carried out according to the methods indicated in the applicable IEC and other
documents listed in the project specification.
Routine tests listed in Table 7.2 shall be carried out with the motor at no load conditions.
The Manufacturer Inspection Testing Plan (ITP) shall included all the testing procedure
according to Codes and internal quality system and shall be implemented with the tests and
checks stated in the corresponding Snamprogetti Inspection Data Sheet (IDS) and in the
project documentation.
The updated ITP shall be submitted to Snamprogetti for review/approval.
Moreover a Site Inspection Testing Plan for energizing the whole system in site with all the tests
and with the relevant testing procedures shall be issued by Manufacturer in ccompliance with the
project cocumentation and submitted to Snamprogetti for review/approval.
All tests on VSDs may be carried out with an equivalent contract motor connected, or with
equivalent facilities available in the Manufacturer test room.
Tests with liggt load shall be subject to Snamprogetti approval
The Manufacturer shall be totally responsible for:
- the execution of all tests required by Snmprogetti;

- for the execution of additional tests in accordance with his own quality control plan;
- for the tests on the raw materials;
- for all inspection and tests carried out on the sub-supplier’s materials.
For all tests, the results and the tolerances shall be in accordance with the applicable IEC in force
at the purchase order date.and the reports shall be included in the test report book
The routine and type test reports relevant to the power equipment shall be part of the VSD system
Manufacturer test report book.
The rated data shown in the technical booklets shall be accepted for the auxiliary equipment.
Moreover this test report book shall include the Manufacturer’s declarations concerning:
a) verification of gauging and calibration of instruments used for checks and tests;
b) verification of conformity to prototype;
c) degree of protection (applicable for above IP42 degree of protection);
d) suitability check of assembled apparatus and of materials at environmental and climatic
conditions;
e) declaration of conformity to the applicable CE directives.
The test report book shall be delivered to Snamprogetti in accordance with the conditions of the
purchase order and relevant attachments.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 41 (50)
7.3 Witnessing of tests by Snamprogetti
Snamprogetti reserves the right to send its own inspectors to witness the tests and ascertain that
the VSD systems are in accordance with the project specification, standards and any other
document referred to in the purchase order.
Snamprogetti’s inspectors will also perform a check of the workmanlike construction by verifying,
the soundness of the assembly and the cleanliness of the installation on the basis of their own
experience, the absence of dangerous unrounded metallic edges, the correct application of oil and
grease and all that it is considered necessary to check and which is not already included in other
checks and tests.
During this stage Snamprogetti’s inspectors may issue recommendations and propose alternative
solutions to improve arrangements and installations.
The choice of whether or not to accept these recommendations and solutions lies with the
Manufacturer and shall not impact costs or delivery times.
Snamprogetti’ inspectors will carry out also the following checks:
- check of test room power supply characteristics;

- check of easy accessibility and removal of individual component according with the criteria
stated in ch. 5.3;
- check of loose parts and spare parts.
The presence of Snamprogetti’s inspectors shall not relieve the Manufacturer of his responsibilities.
If the tests on a part or the whole of VSD systems are not successful and/or if the VSD system
characteristics are not in accordance with the project documents, Snamprogetti may reject the
supply.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 42 (50)
TABLE 7.1 - M.V. CDM SWITCHGEARS AND FILTER ASSEMBLIES
ITEM DESCRIPTION NOTES
1 ROUTINE TESTS
1.1 Visual and dimensional checks
1.1.1 Check of binding dimensions
1.1.2 Visual check of the characteristics and of the rated data of the
item of equipment
1.1.3 Check of degree of protection
1.1.4 Nameplate check
1.1.5 Check of wiring separation for various level voltage steps
1.1.6 Wiring check
1.1.7 Accessories check
1.1.8 Auxiliary equipment check
1.1.9 Painting check Note 3
1.2 Electrical checks and tests
1.2.1 Mechanical operation tests
1.2.2 Power frequency voltage test
1.2.3 Verification of protection and ground circuits (sections and Note 1
continuity)
1.2.4 Electric functionality tests (on auxiliary circuits)
1.2.5 Integrated test of the addressing of input/output signalup to
fieldbus interface cards
2 TYPE TESTS
2.1 Short time and peak withstand current test Note 2
2.2 Dielectric tests Note 4
TABLE 7.1 - CLARIFICATION NOTES
Note 1 The test consists in the application of a current higher than 10 A to the earthing system of
each functional unit, measuring a resistance lower than 0.1Ω.
Note 2 Limited to the section before the rectifier. Type test reports are preferred;
Calculation reports shall be agreed upon between Snamprogetti and Manufacturer.
Note 3 Checks shall be carried out in compliance with ISO 2409.
Note 4 Reports covering the factory test on similar commercial switchgears shall be considered.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 43 (50)
TABLE 7.2 - FINAL TESTS OF VDS COMPLETE SYSTEM WITH MOTOR
1 ROUTINE TESTS
1.1 Verification of the type test documentation on individual power

equipment
1.2 Verification of acceptance test documentation on individual
power equipment
1.3 No load test Note 12
1.4 Functionality test in normal condion Note 1
1.5 Functionality test in critical condion Note 2
1.6 Test on set points
1.7 Automatic restart test Note 2
1.8 Check of protective relay actuation Note 3
1.9 Control system performances measurement Note 5
1.10 Output voltage peaks measurement
1.11 Speed loop test Note 4
1.12 Determination of noise level at no load Note 8
1.13 Integrated test of the addressing of input/output signal-up to
fieldbus interface cards
2 TYPE TESTS
2.1 Temperature test at minimum and nominal speed with Note 6

measurement of the temperature rise of equipment
2.2 Load test at variable speed and power for measurement of Note 7
required electrical characteristics
2.3 Measurement of torque versus frequency diagram Note 11
2.4 Current pulsation test Note 9
2.5 Torque pulsation test Note 9
2.6 Measurement of noise level at nominal speed and load Note 8
2.7 EMC tests Note 9
3 SPECIAL CHECKS AND TESTS
3.1 Overcurrent-capability test

3.2 Measurement of ripple voltage and current
3.3 Inductance measurement in AC
4 SITE TESTS
4.1 Performance test Note 10
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 44 (50)
4.2 Line-side current harmonic content test Note 10

4.3 Vibration measurements
Note 1 See points 3.2 and 4.1.
Note 2 See point 3.3.
Note 3 Proper operation of all protective devices shall be entirely verified, as more as possible. In
any case, the time delays of undervoltage and overcurrent protections and their self-
resetting within the times stated in point 3.3 shall be verified.
Note 4 Measurement of the speed band deviation, of the deviation between the set point value
and the measured value, and the time response.
Note 5 In all speed range.
Note 6 The temperature rise tests are carried out at minimum speed, base speed and maximum
speed with the maximum required load. Temperature rise tests are continued until all the
temperatures of all power equipment items (transformer, motor, converter, D.C. reactors
and filter) are stabilized.
Note 7 The load tests are carried out at minimum speed, base speed and maximum speed with
the maximum required load at the upper torque line of the load window, and the following
data are measured:
- voltage in the several point of the system;

- current in the several point of the system;
- power factor;
- efficency of whole system and of single components.
Light load tests and load duty test procedures shall be agreed with Snamprogetti.
Note 8 The tests shall be carried out at minimum speed, at half speed and at full speed.
Note 9 Test carried only on prototype.
Note 10 This measurement is performed using instrumentation and techniques in accordance with
EN 61000-4-7, under rated operating conditions.
Note 11 This measurement is performed on prototype only
Note 12 This test shall be always carry out also if the full load test is already foreseen
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 45 (50)
TABLE 7.3 – TEST MV REACTANCE IN DC (when foreseen)
1 FACTORY ROUTINE TESTS

1.1 Check of binding dimensions
1.2 Suitability check of assembled apparatus and of materials at
environmental and climatic conditions
1.3 Visual check of the characteristics and of the rated data of the
item of equipment
1.4 Insulation resistance measurement
1.5 Power frequency voltage test
1.6 Resistance measurement
1.7 Inductance measurement in D.C
1.8 Painting check Note 1
2 TYPE TESTS
2.1 temperature rise test
Note 1 Checks shall be carried out in compliance with ISO 2409.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 46 (50)
8 PROJECT DOCUMENTATION AND MANUFACTURER’S TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
8.1 Document list and responsibility
The project shall include Snamprogetti documentation and the Manufacturer’s documentation
regarding medium voltage VSD systems.
8.1.1 Snamprogetti documentation
- project specification;
- VSD systems data sheet;
- network information and senplified onr line diagram;
- load diagram;
- load specific data and diagrams;
- inspection data sheet (IDS);
- list of signals to be sent to the ECMS;
- instructions to bidders applicable during the offer stage.
8.1.2 Manufacturer’s documentation on VSD system
The Manufacturer shall develop all the project documentation in compliance with Table 8.1, below
divided by each main equipment (switchgear, motor, transformer filter).
TABLE 8.1 – REQUIRED DOCUMENTATION

SCOPE
SCOPE
SCOPE
SCOPE
POS DESCRIPTION FIRST SECOND FINAL AS-BUILT
ISSUE ISSUE
1.1 Overall drawings divided by motors, transformers and Required A Required R Required I
switchgears with front views, dimensions, mass, base
frame, foundation loading
1.2 One line diagrams (overall and detailed) Required A Required R Required I
1.3 Earthing drawings and details Required A Required R Required I
1.4 Mfr Equipment Data Sheet (including cables) Required A Required R Required I
1.5 Base frame drawings Required A Required R Required I
1.6 Power connections drawings with type sizes, number and Required A Required R Required I
details
1.7 Final spare parts Required A Required R Required I
1.8 Inspection Testing Plan (ITP) Required A Required I
1.9 Site Inspection Testing Plan Required A Required I
1.10 Test report book Required A
2.1 Schematic Diagrams Required C Required R Required I Required I

2.2 Logic Diagrams Required C Required R Required I Required I
2.3 Equipment list Required C Required R Required I
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 47 (50)
SCOPE
SCOPE
SCOPE
SCOPE
POS DESCRIPTION FIRST SECOND FINAL AS-BUILT
ISSUE ISSUE
2.4 Utilities consumption and heat losses Required C Required R Required I
2.5 Interconnection terminal block diagram Required C Required R Required I Required I

2.7 Heat losses Required C Required R Required I
3.1 Installation instructions Required I

3.2 Operating Instructions Required I
3.3 Maintenance Instructions Required I
3.4 Complete test report book Required I
3.5 Other documents indicated in P.O. Required I
Legend:
A = Approval C = Comment R = Review I = Information
The purpose of the above will be the following:
a) Approval
Approval certifies that the data and the characteristics contained in the documentation are
consistent with the contractual requirements and that the supply is compatible with the external
systems interacting with it.
Approval is necessary for the assembly and testing of the VSD system and can be integrated with
comments.
This documentation will be returned by Snamprogetti to the Manufacturer stamped "Approved" or
"Approved with comments", or in compliance with an equivalent computer-based procedure, as
stated in the project specification.
The approval of the documents shall in no way modify the Supplier’s guarantees and responsibility
and the delivery date stated in the purchase order.
b) Comments
The Manufacturer can continue in his activities on the basis of the documentation that has been
sent. The latter shall be integrated at a later stage with the observations received and suitable
corrective measures may be taken accordingly.
This documentation will be returned by Snamprogetti to the Manufacturer stamped ”With
Comments" or in compliance with an equivalent computer-based procedure as stated in the project
specification.
The comments made on the documents shall in no way modify the Supplier’s guarantees and
responsibility or the delivery date stated in the purchase order.
c) Review
The documentation can forwarded to verify that the comments have been incorporated.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 48 (50)
The updated documentation shall be used as reference documentation for the factory tests to be
conducted on the supply.
This documentation will be returned by Snamprogetti to the Manufacturer stamped "Comments
Incorporated", or in compliance with an equivalent computer-based procedure as stated in the
project specification.
If this documentation does not incorporate all the comments and observations made, the
performance of factory tests will not be permitted.
d) Information
The documentation and information shall be transmitted in accordance with the project procedures
and the delivery time schedule established in the purchase order.
Only in particular cases shall the Manufacturer wait for any action from Snamprogetti.
This documentation will be included in the Manual Book and not sent separately.
Moreover, the Manufacturer shall take the following steps:
e) First Issue
First issue of documentation with respect to the set objectives.
f) Second Issue
Issue of documentation incorporating the observations made at the previous stage.
g) Final Issue
Issue and / or updating of the documentation after performance of the factory tests transmitted in
the established number of copies, according to the procedures specified in the purchase order and
to the agreed time schedule.
h) As-Built
Updating of documentation after the equipment supplied has been operated.
8.2 Document issue procedures
All documents shall bear the Snamprogetti Project Label.

Supply shall include all the technical documentation (deliverables) required for Snamprogetti
activities and examination, acceptance, transport, site storage, erection, maintenance, and repair of
all the items of equipment included in the purchase order.
Manufacturer shall adopt Microsoft Office compatible programs for the preparation of his
documentation.
Specific overall drawings and schematic diagrams shall be issued for each main item of equipment
and for each switchgear.
On the schematic diagrams, all contacts of power and auxiliary components shall have references
for easy understanding of its origin and destination and moreover the in/out interface terminal strip
shall be complete with the interconnecting cables showing the identification number of external
cables and relevant conductors on the basis of Snamprogetti indications.
If not otherwise specified, the graphic symbols shall be in compliance with IEC 60617.
In case of use of programmable devices, the Manufacturer shall submit together with the schematic
diagram the logic diagram in Boolean manner and shall include the complete ladder diagram or list
of instructions in the manual book.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 49 (50)
The Manufacturer shall be responsible for providing all the above listed documents and all
information necessary to all parties involved in the project to develop the engineering activities.
Drawings format shall be:
ISO A1 size (840 x 594 mm) for overall drawings;

ISO A3 size (420 x 297 mm) for schematic diagrams;
ISO A4 size (210 x 297 mm) for tables.
As to the first state of the order, the VSD system Manufacturer shall fill in the equipment Data
Sheets with the data relevant to the selected equipment.
The Manual Book issue by the Manufacturer after the factory tests shall include the following parts:
a) general index;
b) all issued drawings;
c) equipment data sheets;
d) equipment catalogues and technical documentation;
e) erection instructions;
f) operating instructions;
g) maintenance instructions;
h) test report book.
The documentation and the information shall be transmitted in accordance with the project
procedures and delivery time schedule to be agreed with Snamprogetti.
The documentation will be returned to the Manufacturer according to the scheduled times defined
during the kick-off meeting of the project.
$ SPC.EL.VSD.0030
Sheet 50 (50)
Revision Memo
Rev. 0 December 1998

Issue
Rev. 1 May 2004
General Revision
Rev. 2 September 2008
Issue in conformity with the requirement of ECMS specification

Medium Voltage - Variable Speed Drive Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Medium Voltage - Variable Speed Drive Systems

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Medium Voltage - Variable Speed Drive Systems

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

$

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

2 SCOPE OF SUPPLY AND RESPONSIBILITY 8

3 VSD FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 14

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

5 CDM CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS 26

6 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR OTHER POWER

8 PROJECT DOCUMENTATION AND MANUFACTURER’S

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

a) site environmental conditions;

Manufacturer: the part that manufactures and/or supplies equipment, technical

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

a) type tests carried out by a recognised laboratory;

Snamprogetti inspector: person employed by Snamprogetti or an Agency appointed by

Manual book: collection of all documentation (drawings, instructions, technical information)

Controlled semiconductor: electronic components able to switch on an electric circuit with an

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

TABLE 1.1 – QUADRANTS

III QUADRANT IV QUADRANT

Local control: control of an operation at a point on the controlgear or compartment.

1.3 Document priority

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

Fig. 1 – M.V. VSD system configuration within an installation

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

2 SCOPE OF SUPPLY AND RESPONSIBILITY

2.1 Scope of supply

a) step down transformer;

or, according to the VSD system technology:

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

a) continuous normal operation;

2.3 Codes, standards and reference documents

a) SPC.EL.RMA.0040 Low voltage induction motors (applicable to auxiliary L.V. motors);

2.4 European Community (CE) special rules

a) electromagnetic compatibility directive (2004/108/CE)

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

2.5 Project design conditions

2.5.2 Design ambient temperature

2.5.4 Environmental conditions

2.5.5 Vibrations during normal operations

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

2.6 Electrical design conditions of M.V. power feed

2.6.1 System frequency

2.6.2 System voltage

a) voltage drop and time -30% for 20 seconds;

2.6.3 Short circuit rated value

2.6.4 System neutral connecting

2.6.5 System harmonic contents

a) short circuit capacity of the external network;

2.7 Electrical design conditions for auxiliary feeds

- Voltage 230/400 V or 240/415 V with ±10% variation;

Rev. 2 Date Sept. 2008

- Voltage 110 V with -15% +10% variation.

2.8 Degree of protection

The mechanical degree of protection shall be:

a) IP55 for motors, boxes and for outdoor installations;

2.9 Equipment for hazardous areas

2.9.1 Explosive atmosphere with gases and vapours

- Motors frame: - Ex-d-IIB-T3;