Chapter 1- Data Representation

COMPUTER SCIENCE 2210/1X

Paper 1 Theory M-J/O-N/Chap-One
1 hour 45 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● Calculators must not be used in this paper.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 75.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● No marks will be awarded for using brand names of software packages or hardware.

Q1-W23-13- Humans use a denary number system and computers use a binary number system.
(a) Explain what is meant by a binary number system.
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(b) Convert the denary numbers 14, 59 and 234 to binary.
14 ..............................................................................................................................................
59 ..............................................................................................................................................
234 .................................................................................................................................... [3]
Working space
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(c) Convert the denary numbers 9, 26 and 65 to hexadecimal.
9 ................................................................................................................................................
26 ..............................................................................................................................................
65 ..................................................................................................................................... [3]
Working space
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(d) Convert the positive denary number 123 to 8-bit binary using two’s complement.
Show all your working.
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 Chapter 1- Data Representation
(e) Add the binary values 00110011 and 01111000 using binary addition.
Give your answer in binary. Show all your working.
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Q2-W23-13- A photographer takes an image with a digital camera. The photographer sets the
resolution and colour depth for the image.
(a) State what is meant by the image resolution.
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 Chapter 1- Data Representation
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(b) State what is meant by the image colour depth.
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(c) Give one benefit of increasing the colour depth of the image.
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(d) The photographer compresses the image using a method that permanently reduces the colour
depth and resolution of the image.
Identify which compression method the photographer uses.
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(e) One benefit for compressing the image is to reduce the storage space it uses.
Give two other benefits of compressing the image.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................................................................................
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Q3-W23-12- A register stores the binary number:

(a) Give the denary number for the binary number stored in the register.
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Working space
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(b) Give the hexadecimal number for the binary number stored in the register.
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Working space
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(c) A logical left shift of two places is performed on the binary number stored in the register.
Complete the binary register to show its contents after this logical left shift.

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation

(d) The negative denary number −99 needs to be stored in the register.
Complete the register to show the binary number that would be stored, using two’s
complement. Show all your working.
Working space ..........................................................................................................................
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(e) The number 01001100 is added to 11100011

Add the two 8-bit binary numbers, using binary addition.
Give your answer in binary. Show all your working.
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Q4-W23-12- A band is recording their new song. They need to consider the sample rate and
sample resolution of their recording.
(a) Give one benefit of using a higher sample rate to record the song.
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............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation
(b) Give one drawback of using a higher sample rate to record the song.
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(c) Describe what is meant by sample resolution.
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(d) The band wants to compress the sound file, but they do not want any data to be permanently
removed. Identify the compression method that should be used.
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Q5-S23-11- Binary is a number system used by computers.

(a) Tick () one box to show which statement about the binary number system is correct.

(b) Denary numbers are converted to binary numbers to be processed by a computer.

Convert these three denary numbers to 8‑bit binary numbers.
50 ..............................................................................................................................................
102 ............................................................................................................................................
221 ....................................................................................................................................... [3]
Working space
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(c) Binary numbers are stored in registers.
Negative denary numbers can be represented as binary using two’s complement.
Complete the binary register for the denary number –78
You must show all your working.
Working space ..........................................................................................................................
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(d) Two 8‑bit binary numbers are given.

Add the two 8‑bit binary numbers using binary addition.
Give your answer in binary. Show all your working.

Q6-S23-12- Binary numbers can be converted to hexadecimal.

(a) Convert the two binary numbers to hexadecimal.
10010011 ..................................................................................................................................
00001101 ........................................................................................................................... [4]
Working space
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(b) A value is stored as a binary number in a register:

A logical right shift of three places is performed on the binary number.

(i) Complete the binary register to show its contents after this logical right shift.

(ii) State one effect this logical shift has on the binary number.

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(c) Give two reasons why a programmer may use hexadecimal to represent binary numbers.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................................................................................
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(d) Denary numbers can also be converted to hexadecimal.
Convert the denary number to hexadecimal.
301 ...................................................................................................................................... [2]
Working space
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Q7-S23-12- When keys are pressed on a keyboard, the text is converted to binary to be
processed by the computer.
(a) Describe how the text is converted to binary to be processed by the computer.
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(b) Text that is input into a computer can be stored in a text file.
A text file can be compressed using lossless compression.
(i) State what effect this has on the file size.
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(ii) Describe how lossless compression compresses the text file.
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(iii) Give two reasons why the text file may have been compressed.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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Q8-W22-12- (a) Denary values are converted to binary values to be processed by a computer.
Draw one line from each denary value to the correctly converted 8‑bit binary value.

Working space
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 Chapter 1- Data Representation

(b) Binary values can be converted to hexadecimal values.

Give the hexadecimal value for the 16‑bit binary value 0000100110101110
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Working space
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Q9-W22-12- Jessica wants to store a large number of small thumbnail images on a USB flash
memory drive.
Each thumbnail image is 16‑bit colour and is 100 pixels wide and 100 pixels high.
She has 5 MB of storage space available on her USB flash memory drive.
Calculate how many images she can store in the 5 MB of storage space. Show all your working.
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Number of images .................................................. [4]

Q10-S22-11- Jack has an MP3 file stored on his computer.

(i) Tick () to show which type of data is stored in an MP3 file.

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation
(ii) Tick () to show whether the MP3 file is a lossy compressed file or a lossless compressed
file or not a compressed file.

Q11-S22-11- All data needs to be converted to binary data so that it can be processed by a
computer.
(a) Explain why a computer can only process binary data.
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(b) The denary values 64, 101 and 242 are converted to 8‑bit binary values.
Give the 8‑bit binary value for each denary value.
64 ..............................................................................................................................................
101 ............................................................................................................................................
242 ...................................................................................................................................... [3]
Working space
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(c) The hexadecimal values 42 and CE are converted to binary.
Give the binary value for each hexadecimal value.
42 ..............................................................................................................................................
CE ...................................................................................................................................... [4]
Working space
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Q12-S22-11- An image is stored on a computer. The image is 16‑bit colour and is 100 pixels
high and 150 pixels wide.
Calculate the file size of the image in bytes. Show all your working.
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Answer ................................................ bytes [3]

Q13-S21-12- (a) Denary is a number system that is used by programmers.

Tick (✓) one box to show whether denary is a base-2, base-10 or base-16 number system.

(b) Hexadecimal values can be used to represent denary values.

Convert these four hexadecimal values into denary values.
05 ......................................................
20 ......................................................
1A ......................................................
AB ...................................................... [4]
Working space
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(c) Hexadecimal values can also be converted to binary values.
Tick (✓) one box to show the correct 8-bit binary value for each hexadecimal value.
(i) Hexadecimal value 25

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(d) (i) Give one way that hexadecimal is used in website development.
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(ii) Give one way that hexadecimal is used in low-level programming.
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Q14-S21-11- Benedict has a computer that is assigned an Internet Protocol (IP) address. The
IP address is: 198.167.214.0
The IP address is represented as denary values.
(a) Convert the denary values 167 and 214 from the IP address to 8-bit binary.

Working space
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(b) Benedict’s computer is also assigned a Media Access Control (MAC) address.
(i) Identify one similarity between an IP address and a MAC address.
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(ii) Identify two differences between an IP address and a MAC address.
Difference 1 .......................................................................................................................
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Difference 2 .......................................................................................................................
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Q14-S21-12- A denary value can be converted into hexadecimal and binary.

(a) Complete the table to show the hexadecimal and 8-bit binary values of the given denary
values.

Working space
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(b) Give two benefits, to users, of converting binary values to hexadecimal.

Benefit 1 ....................................................................................................................................
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Benefit 2 ....................................................................................................................................
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(c) Hexadecimal is used to represent Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) colour codes in
computer science.
Identify three other ways that hexadecimal is used in computer science.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 .............................................................................................................................................[3]

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation

Q14-S20-11- Programs can be written in a low-level language.

(a) Identify three features of a low-level language.
Feature 1 ..................................................................................................................................
Feature 2 ..................................................................................................................................
Feature 3 .................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Give two examples of a low-level language.
Example 1 .................................................................................................................................
Example 2 ................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Give one drawback of writing programs in a low-level language, instead of a high-level language.
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(d) A low-level language needs to be converted to binary before it can be processed by a computer.
(i) Give the 8-bit binary value of the two denary values:
180 ....................................................................................................................................
201 .................................................................................................................................... [2]
Working space .......................................................................................................................
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(ii) Give the 12-bit binary value of the denary value 250.
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Working space ...........................................................................................................................................
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(iii) Binary can be represented as hexadecimal to make it easier to read. Give the hexadecimal values of
the 8-bit binary values:
10010011 ...........................................................................................................................
00011101 ........................................................................................................................... [2]

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Q15-S20-12. (a) Give the denary value of each of the three 12-bit binary values.
(i) 000000001100
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(ii) 000011000110
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(iii) 010011000001
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Working space
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(b) 12-bit binary values can also be represented as hexadecimal values.

Give the hexadecimal value of the 12-bit binary value.
000011101001
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Q15-S19-11. Hexadecimal is used for MAC addresses.

Part of a MAC address is given:
97 – 5C – E1
Each pair of digits is stored as binary in an 8-bit register.
(a) Show what the binary register stores for each pair of the given digits.

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(b) Explain what is meant by a MAC address.

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(c) Give two other examples where hexadecimal can be used.
Example 1 .................................................................................................................................
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Example 2 .................................................................................................................................
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Q16-W18-12- Computers use a character set to convert text into binary. One character set that
can be used is ASCII. Each letter in ASCII can also be represented as a denary value.

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(a) The word BUS has the denary values:

(b) Each letter in ASCII can also be represented as a hexadecimal value.

The word KEY has the 8-bit binary values:

(i) Convert the three 8-bit binary values into hexadecimal.

01001011 ...............................................
01000101 ...............................................
01011001 ............................................... [3]
(ii) Give three other uses of hexadecimal notation in computer science.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
3 .........................................................................................................................................[3]
(iii) State two benefits of using hexadecimal notation to represent binary values.
Benefit 1 ............................................................................................................................
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Benefit 2 ............................................................................................................................
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Q17-W18-13- The MAC address of a device is represented using hexadecimal.

A section of a MAC address is shown. Each pair of hexadecimal digits is stored using 8-bit binary.
(a) Complete the table to show the 8-bit binary equivalents for the section of MAC address. The
first number has already been converted.

(b) Explain why data is stored as binary in computers.

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Q17- Computer memory size is measured in multiples of bytes.

Four statements about computer memory sizes are given in the table.
Tick (✓) to show if the statement is True or False.

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Q18-W19-12- An 8-bit binary register contains the value:

(a) Convert the binary value to denary.

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(b) The contents of the register shifted one place to the right would give the result:

The contents of the register shown at the start of question 6 are shifted two places to the left.
Show the contents of the register after this shift has taken place.

(c) State the effect this shift has on the denary value in part (a).
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(d) The library has a website that customers can use to search for a book.
(i) The website has a background colour with the hexadecimal colour code #F92A10 The colour code is
stored in two 12-bit binary registers. Show how the colour code would be stored in the registers.

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Q19-S18-11- Jane answers an examination question about computers and data correctly.
Six different words or numbers have been removed from her answer. Complete the sentences
in Jane’s answer, using the list given. Not all items in the list need to be used.
•2 • analogue • digital
• 10 • binary • hexadecimal
• 16 • denary
As humans, we process …………………………………… data, but a computer cannot process
this type of data. For a computer to be able to process data it needs to be converted to
…………………………………… data. As humans, we mostly use a
…………………………………… number system; this is a base ……………………………………
number system. Computers use a …………………………………… number system; this is a base
…………………………………… number system. [6]

Q20- Dheeraj identifies three hexadecimal numbers.

Write the denary number for each of the three hexadecimal numbers:
2A ....................................................................................................
101 ...................................................................................................
21E .................................................................................................. [3]
Working Space
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Q21-S18-12- Different units of data can be used to represent the size of a file, as it changes in
size.
Fill in the missing units of data, using the list given:
• byte
• gigabyte (GB)
• megabyte (MB)
• nibble
The units of data increase in size from smallest to largest.

Q22- A stopwatch uses six digits to display hours, minutes and seconds.
The stopwatch is stopped at:

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An 8-bit register is used to store each pair of digits.

(a) Write the 8-bit binary numbers that are currently stored for the Hours, Minutes and
Seconds.

(b) The stopwatch is started again and then stopped.

When the watch is stopped, the 8-bit binary registers show:

Q23- Jafar is using the Internet when he gets the message:

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation
“D03, page is not available” Jafar remembers that hexadecimal is often used to represent binary
values in error codes.
Convert the hexadecimal number in the error message into 12-bit binary.

Q24- A robot arm in a factory is programmed to move products.

The binary instructions to operate the robot arm are:

The instructions are entered as hexadecimal values.

An operator enters the values:

9 1 C 3 F
Convert the values and write down the operation (e.g. RIGHT) carried out by the robot arm.
9 .............................................................................
1 .............................................................................
C .............................................................................
3 .............................................................................
F ............................................................................. [5]

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Q25- (a) Explain the differences between the binary number system and the denary number
system.
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(b) Explain the process of converting the binary number 1010 into a denary number.
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Q26- A washing machine has a small display screen built into it.
One use of the display screen is to show an error code when a problem has occurred with a
washing cycle.
(a) State whether the display screen is an input, output or storage device.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The display screen shows a hexadecimal error code:

E04
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 Chapter 1- Data Representation
This error code means that the water will not empty out of the washing machine.
Convert this error code to binary.
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(c) State why hexadecimal is used to display the error code.

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(d) Identify three sensors that could be used in the washing machine.
State what each sensor could be used for.
Sensor 1 ...................................................................................................................................
Use ...........................................................................................................................................
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Sensor 2 ...................................................................................................................................
Use ...........................................................................................................................................
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Sensor 3 ...................................................................................................................................
Use ...........................................................................................................................................
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Q27- Steffi has a number of files of different sizes that contain her work.
Tick () to show whether each statement is true or false.
Statement True () False ()
47KB is larger than 10MB.
250bytes is smaller than 0.5MB.
50GB is larger than 100MB.
1TB is smaller than 4GB.
[4]

Q28- The MAC address of a device is represented using hexadecimal.

A section of a MAC address is shown. Each pair of hexadecimal digits is stored using 8-bit binary.
(a) Complete the table to show the 8-bit binary equivalents for the section of MAC address. The
first number has already been converted.

(b) Explain why data is stored as binary in computers.

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Q29- (a) Give the denary value of each of the three 12-bit binary values.
(i) 000000001100
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) 000011000110
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) 010011000001
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Working space

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(b) 12-bit binary values can also be represented as hexadecimal values.
Give the hexadecimal value of the 12-bit binary value.
000011101001
............................................................................................................................................. [3]

Q21- The memory of a computer contains data and instructions in binary.

The following instruction is stored in a location of the memory.

(a) Convert the instruction into hexadecimal.

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(b) Explain why a programmer might prefer to read the instruction in hexadecimal rather than in
binary.
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(c) Give two other uses of hexadecimal.
Use 1 ........................................................................................................................................
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Use 2 ........................................................................................................................................
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Q22- (a) The denary number 57 is to be stored in two different computer registers.
Convert 57 from denary to binary and show your working.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................... [2]
b) how the binary number from part (a) as it would be stored in the following registers.

(c) A binary number stored in a register can have many different uses, for example an address
in main memory.
Give two other uses for a binary number stored in a register.
Use 1 .............................................................................................................................................

Use..............................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) A register in a computer contains binary digits.

The contents of the register represent a binary integer.

Convert the binary integer to hexadecimal.
....................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................[1]

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation

Q23-W16-12- A security system is installed in a house. A hexadecimal number is entered to

activate or deactivate the alarm.
(a) The alarm code is set to hexadecimal number 2 A F
Show how this number would be stored in a 12-bit binary register.

(b) Identify two sensors that the security system could use to detect intruders.
Describe how each sensor could be used in the security system.
Sensor 1 ...................................................................................................................................
Description ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Sensor 2 ...................................................................................................................................
Description ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................[6]

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation

Q24-S16-11- Each seat on a flight is uniquely identified on an LCD above the seat. For
example, seat 035C is shown as:

The first three characters are digits that represent the row.
The fourth character is the seat position in that row. This is a single letter, A to F, that is stored
as a hexadecimal value.
Each of the four display characters can be stored in a 4-bit register. For example, 0 and C would
be represented as:

(a) Show how the 4-bit registers would store the remaining two characters, 3 and 5.

(b) Identify which seat is stored in the following 4-bit registers.

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 Chapter 1- Data Representation

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