Indian

freedom
movement
 introduction

✣ The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of
ending British rule in India. It lasted from 1857 to 1947.

✣ The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged

from Bengal.

✣It later took root in the newly formed Indian National Congress with prominent moderate
leaders seeking the right to appear for Indian Civil Service examinations in British India, as well
as more rights (economical in nature) for the people of the soil.

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After the 1930s, the movement took on a strong socialist
orientation. The work of these various movements
ultimately led to the Indian Independence Act 1947

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Indian rebellion of
1857
✣The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in
India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India
Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on
behalf of the British Crown.
✣Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of
Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion
against British rule in India in 1857–59.
✣Begun in Meerut by Indian troops (Sepoy) in the service
of the British East India Company, it spread to Delhi,
Agra, Kanpur, and Lucknow.

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6
 the reason for the rebel of 1857

✣ An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue
of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857.
✣ Loading the Enfield often required tearing open the greased cartridge with one's
teeth, and many sepoys believed that the cartridges were greased with cow and pig
fat.
✣ Underlying grievances over British taxation and recent land annexations by the
English East Indian Company (EEIC) also contributed to the anger of the sepoy
mutineers, and within weeks, dozens of units of the Indian army joined peasant
armies in widespread rebellion.

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Formation of
congress
28 December 1885, Mumbai

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✣ The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates
from all over the country met at Bombay in 1885.

✣ Prominent delegates included Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath

Banerjee, Badruddin Tyabji, W. C. Bonnerjee, S. Ram swami
Mudaliar, S. Subramanya Iyer and Romesh Chunder Dutt.

✣ The Englishman, Retired British Indian Civil Service (ICS)

officer Allan Octavian Hume (A.O. Hume) founded the Indian
National Congress (A political party of India (British India to Free
India)) in order to form a platform for civil and political dialogue
among educated Indians.

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 F
BEFORE INDENDENCE L
DURING EARLY 1920’S A
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F N
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I R
N E
D S
I S
A
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N A
A R AFTER INDEPENDENCE
T T DURING LATE 1970’S
I Y
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Main aims of Indian national congress

The main aims of the Indian National Congress in the initial stage
✣ Found a democratic, nationalist movement;
✣ Politicise and politically educate people;
✣ Establish the headquarters for a movement;
✣ Promote friendly relations among nationalist political workers
from different parts of the country;

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 Non- cooperation
movement
4 September 1920

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✣ Surrender of titles
✣ Honours and honorary posts
✣ Boycott of legislative council.
✣ Boycott of law courts by the lawyers.
✣ Boycott Provident fund British goods.
 Civil disobedience
12th March, 1930

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 Civil disobedience

✣ Boycott of foreign made cloth and liquor shops.

✣ Refusal by peasants to pay revenue and chaukidari
taxes.
✣ Violation of forest law by grazing animals in the
reseved forest.
✣ Deliberately breaking unjust law like salt tax law.

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salt satyagraha
March–April 1930
✣Salt March, also called Dandi
March or Salt Satyagraha, major
nonviolent protest action in India led
by Mahatma Gandhi in March–April
1930
✣The march was the first act in an even-
larger campaign of civil
disobedience Gandhi waged
against British rule in India that
extended into early 1931 and garnered
Gandhi widespread support among the
Indian populace and considerable
worldwide attention.

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 What was the main reason for
Salt March ?

✣ The Salt Satyagraha was a mass civil

disobedience movement initiated by Mahatma
Gandhi against the salt tax imposed by the
British government in India.
✣ He led a large group of people from Sabarmati
Ashram on 12th March 1930 till Dandi, a coastal
village in Gujarat, to break the salt law by
producing salt from seawater.

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 Quit India
Movement
8 August , 1942

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✣ The Quit India Movement, also known as the August Movement, was a
movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress
Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II,
demanding an end to British rule in India.
✣ After the failure of the Cripps Mission to secure Indian support for the
British war effort, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India speech
delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.
✣ The All India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what
Gandhi called "An Orderly British Withdrawal" from India

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✣ The congress was declared illegal
✣ The government unleashed reign of
terror
✣ The press was gagged
✣ Prisoners were brutally tortured.
✣ Rebellious village had to pay tries

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 THANK YOU
~FOR YOUR TIME😇

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 CREDITS : GROUP 12
ARUSHI RAWAT, DIVANSHU,
GUNJAN, SRISHTI MISHRA,
TISHA CHOUDHARY