Subject Name: Sports Journalism

Department of Media and Communication Studies

Created by : Ms. Neha Singh

Jagannath International Management School

Vasant Kunj, New Delhi - 110070
(Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi)
Recognized u/s 2(f) by UGC & Accredited with ‘A’ Grade by NAAC
Participant of UNGC & UNPRME, New York
ISO 9001:2015 Quality Certified
Programme : BA(JMC)
Department : Department of Media & Communication Studies
Semester : IV
Subject code : BA(JMC) 110
Subject : Sports Journalism
Topic
Lecture No. Ms. Neha Singh
Faculty
Commonwealth Games
Federation
History

• A sporting competition bringing together the members of the British

Empire was first proposed by John Astley Cooper in 1891.
• He wrote a letter, published in The Times suggesting a "Pan-
Britannic-Pan-Anglican Contest and Festival every four years as a
means of increasing goodwill and good understanding of the British
Empire".
• John Astley Cooper Committees were formed in Australia, New
Zealand and South Africa to promote the idea and inspired Pierre de
Coubertin to start the international Olympic Games movement.
• In 1911, the Festival of the Empire was held at The Crystal Palace in
London to celebrate the coronation of George V and as part of it, an
Inter-Empire Championship was held.
• Teams from Australia, Canada, South Africa, and the United Kingdom
competed in athletics, boxing, wrestling and swimming events.
• Canada won the championships and was presented with a silver cup
(gifted by Lord Lonsdale) which was 2 feet 6 inches (76 cm) high and
weighed 340 ounces (9.6 kg). However, the 1911 championships
brought some criticism, most notably by a correspondent of the
Auckland Star, who described them as a "grievous disappointment"
that were "not worthy of the title of 'Empire Sports’”
• Melville Marks Robinson, who went to the 1928 Summer Olympics
in Amsterdam to serve as the manager of the Canadian track and field
team, strongly lobbied for the proposal of organising the first British
Empire Games in Hamilton in 1930.
 British Empire Games
• The 1930 British Empire Games were the first of what later become
known as the Commonwealth Games, and were held in Hamilton, in
the province of Ontario in Canada from 16–23 August 1930.
• Eleven countries sent a total of 400 athletes to the Hamilton Games.
• The opening and closing ceremonies as well as athletics took place at
Civic Stadium, with Lord Willingdon officially starting the Games.
The participant nations were Australia, Bermuda, British Guyana,
Canada, England, Northern Ireland, Newfoundland, New Zealand,
Scotland, South Africa and Wales. The Hamilton Games featured six
sports: athletics, boxing, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving
and wrestling and ran at a cost of $97,973.
• Women competed in only the aquatic events.
• Canadian triple jumper Gordon Smallacombe won the first ever gold
medal in the history of the Games.
• The 1934 British Empire Games were the second of what is now
known as the Commonwealth Games, held in London, England. The
host city was London, with the main venue at Wembley Park,
although the track cycling events were in Manchester.
• The 1934 Games had originally been awarded to Johannesburg, but
were given to London instead because of serious concerns about
prejudice against black and Asian athletes in South Africa.
• The affiliation of Irish athletes at the 1934 Games representation
remains unclear but there was no official Irish Free State team.
Sixteen national teams took part, including new participants Hong
Kong, India, Jamaica, Southern Rhodesia and Trinidad and Tobago.
• The 1938 British Empire Games were the third British Empire
Games, which were held in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
They were timed to coincide with Sydney's sesqui-centenary (150
years since the foundation of British settlement in Australia).
• Held in the Southern Hemisphere for the first time, the III Games
opening ceremony took place at the famed Sydney Cricket Ground in
front of 40,000 spectators.
• Fifteen nations participated down under at the Sydney Games
involving a total of 464 athletes and 43 officials. Fiji and Ceylon
made their debuts.
• Seven sports were featured in the Sydney Games – athletics, boxing,
cycling, lawn bowls, rowing, swimming and diving and wrestling.
• The 1950 British Empire Games were the fourth edition and was held
in Auckland, New Zealand after a 12-year gap from the third edition
of the games.
• The fourth games were originally awarded to Montreal, Canada and
were to be held in 1942 but were cancelled due to the Second World
War. The opening ceremony at Eden Park was attended by 40,000
spectators, while nearly 250,000 people attended the Auckland
Games.
• Twelve countries sent a total of 590 athletes to Auckland. Malaya and
Nigeria made their first appearances
 British Empire and Commonwealth Games

• The fifth edition of the Games, the 1954 British Empire and
Commonwealth Games, were held in Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada.
• These were the first Games since the name change from British
Empire Games took effect in 1952.
• The fifth edition of the Games placed Vancouver on a world stage and
featured memorable sporting moments as well as outstanding
entertainment, technical innovation and cultural events.
• The 'Miracle Mile', as it became known, saw both the gold medallist,
Roger Bannister of England and silver medallist John Landy of
Australia, run sub-four-minute races in an event that was televised
live across the world for the first time.
• Northern Rhodesia and Pakistan made their debuts and both
performed well, winning eight and six medals respectively.
British Commonwealth Games

• The 1970 British Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh,

Scotland.
• This was the first time the name British Commonwealth Games was
adopted, the first time metric units rather than imperial units were
used in events, the first time the games were held in Scotland and also
the first time that HM Queen Elizabeth II attended in her capacity as
Head of the Commonwealth
Commonwealth Games

• The 1978 Commonwealth Games were held in Edmonton, Alberta,

Canada.
• This event was the first to bear the current day name of the
Commonwealth Games and also marked a new high as almost 1,500
athletes from 46 countries took part.
• They were boycotted by Nigeria in protest at New Zealand's sporting
contacts with apartheid-era South Africa, as well as by Uganda in
protest of alleged Canadian hostility towards the government of Idi
Amin.
History of Commonwealth Games Federation

• The Commonwealth is an association of

independent sovereign states spread over every
continent and ocean. From Africa to Asia, the
Pacific shores to the Caribbean
• The name of the federation was changed in 1952 to
the "British Empire and Commonwealth Games
Federation", and again in Jamaica in 1966 to
the "British Commonwealth Games Federation",
until eventually being changed again in
Christchurch, New Zealand in 1974 to
the "Commonwealth Games Federation".
The British Empire Became the Commonwealth

•In 1931 the British Commonwealth of Nations

was formed. Britain's former colonies chose
whether or not they wanted to be part of it
when they became independent.

•After the Second World War the rest of the

British Empire began to collapse. Nationalist
uprisings forced Britain to give independence
to its colonies.

•Most of the former colonies chose to join the

Commonwealth.
The British Empire Became the Commonwealth

• The last British colony to gain independence was Belize in

1981.

• The British Commonwealth of Nations has since become

The Commonwealth of Nations.

• There are now 53 members of the Commonwealth. The

official head of the Commonwealth is the British monarch.

• All of the members of the Commonwealth are former British

colonies except Mozambique who was granted membership
in 1995.
 1. Antigua and 27. Mauritius
Barbuda
1 2 3 4 5 6 2. Australia
28. Mozambique
29. Namibia
3. Bahamas
30. Nauru
4. Bangladesh
31. New Zealand
5. Barbados
7 8 9 10 11 12 32. Nigeria
6. Belize
33. Pakistan
7. Botswana
34. Papua New Guini
8. Brunei Darussalam
35. St Kitts and Nevis
13 14 15 16 17 18 9. Cameroon
36. St Lucia
10. Canada
37. St Vincent and the
11. Cyprus Grenadines
12. Dominica 38. Seychelles
19 20 21 22 23 24
13. Fiji Islands 39. Sierra Leone
14. Gambia 40. Singapore
15. Ghana 41. Solomon Islands
25 26 27 28 29 30 16. Grenada 42. South Africa
17. Guyana 43. Sri Lanka
18. India 44. Swaziland
31 32 33 34 35 36 19. Jamaica 45. Tanzania
20. Kenya 46. Tonga
21. Kiribati 47. Trinidad and
37 38 39 40 41 42 22. Lesotho
Tobago
48. Tuvalu
23. Malawi
49. Uganda
24. Malaysia
43 44 45 46 47 48 25. Maldives
50. United Kingdom
51. Vanuatu
26. Malia
52. Western Samoa

49 50 51 52 53 53. Zambia
 The heads of each country meet to discuss things that concern all members – like
human rights issues, economic and social development and the environment.

Members work with each other to improve the quality of life in

each country. The more developed members give aid to
It is development projects in other countries.
committed
to the
environment
and to
sustainable Meetings are about
development health, education,
. What does the Commonwealth do? women's affairs,
agriculture and
science.

It runs projects such as

It helps countries working towards democracy to, sending immunisation and HIV
advisors and observers to check that elections are carried awareness campaigns.
out properly.
Commonwealth Games Federation

• 1. To promote the Commonwealth Games, which shall be

held every four years and shall be open to eligible
competitors representing Affiliated 'Commonwealth Games
Association' (CGA).
• 2. To establish rules and regulations for the conduct of the
Commonwealth Games which conform with the technical
rules of the IFs governing the sports concerned, as may be
modified and applied by the Federation to ensure that the
overriding principles of the Commonwealth Games are
observed.
Commonwealth Games Federation

• 3. To promote Commonwealth sporting competitions and

establish rules for other sports events.

• 4. To encourage and assist sport and sport development and

physical recreation throughout the Commonwealth.

• 5. To promote the shared values of integrity, fair play,

competence, commitment to excellence, respect for gender
equality and tolerance, including the fight against the use in
sport of drugs and of unhealthy or performance enhancing
substances.
Commonwealth Games Federation Principles of
Conduct

• 1. Selflessness: The Federation and Executive Board

Members shall take decisions solely in the Federation's
interest.
• 2. Integrity: The Federation and Executive Board Members
shall not place themselves under any financial or other
obligation to individuals or organisations that might influence
them in the performance of their duties.
• 3. Objectivity: In carrying out the business of the Federation
including appointing or electing officials, awarding contracts
or recommending individuals for rewards or benefits, the
Federationand Executive Board Members shall make choices
on merit.
Commonwealth Games Federation Principles of
Conduct

• 4. Accountability: The Federation and Executive Board

Members are accountable for their decisions and actions to
the Federation and shall submit themselves to whatever
scrutiny is appropriate.
• 5. Openness: The Federation and Executive Board Members
shall be as open as possible about all the decisions and
actions that they perform.
• 6. Honesty: The Federation and Executive Board Members
have a duty to declare any private interests relating to their
duties and to take all steps to resolve any conflicts arising in
a way that protects the interest of the Federation and sport in
general.
Commonwealth Games Federation Principles of
Conduct

• 7. Non Discrimination: The Federation and Executive Board

Members shall not discriminate against any country or person
on any grounds whatsoever including race, colour, gender,
religion or politics.
 Sports
• Athletics
• Badminton
• Basketball
• Boxing
• Swimming
• Synchronised swimming
• Diving
• Cycling
• Hockey
• Netball
• Rugby
• Shooting
• table tennis
• Weightlifting
• triathlon
2010 Commonwealth Games
1. XIX Commonwealth Games,
2. Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010.
3. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71 Commonwealth nations
and dependencies competed in 21 sports and 272 events.
4. The opening and closing ceremonies were held at
the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium.
5. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were
held in India and the second time it was held in Asia
after Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 1998.
6. The official mascot of the Games was Shera and the
official song of the Games, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto", was
composed by celebrated Indian musician A.R. Rahman
 2010 Commonwealth Games
Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total

1 Australia (AUS) 74 55 48 177

2 India (IND) 38 27 36 101

3 England (ENG) 37 60 45 142

4 Canada (CAN) 26 17 32 75

5 Kenya (KEN) 12 11 10 33

6 South Africa (RSA) 12 11 10 33

7 Malaysia (MAS) 12 10 13 35

8 Singapore (SIN) 11 11 9 31

9 Nigeria (NGR) 11 10 14 35

10 Scotland (SCO) 9 10 7 26

Total 272 274 282 828[

2014 Commonwealth Games
1. XX Commonwealth Games
2. An international multi-sport event celebrated in the
tradition of the Commonwealth Games as governed by
the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF). It took
place in Glasgow, Scotland, from 23 July to 3 August
2014
 2014 Commonwealth Games
Rank CGA Gold Silver Bronze Total
1 England (ENG) 58 59 57 174

2 Australia (AUS) 49 42 46 137

3 Canada (CAN) 32 16 34 82

4 Scotland (SCO) 19 15 19 53
5 India (IND) 15 30 19 64

6 New Zealand (NZL) 14 14 17 45

7 South Africa (RSA) 13 10 17 40

8 Nigeria (NGR) 11 11 14 36
9 Kenya (KEN) 10 10 5 25
10 Jamaica (JAM) 10 4 8 22
Total (37 CGAs) 261 261 302 824
And we’re done ☺