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General Physics For Engineers (Problems & Solutions)

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 ROLAND THIRDTHE V. PACHECO

This worksheet consist of 5 problems for Kinematics, 5 problems for Forces, 5 problems for Work and Energy, 5
problems for Impulse and Momentum, and 5 problems for Angular Motion for a total of 25 problems.

KINEMATICS
PROBLEM NO. 1: An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s^2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the
ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

#
Given: ( = *. , -//! Required: ∆6 =? Equation : ∆6 = <" = + (=!
!

= = *,. ? /
<" = @ -//

#
Solution: ∆6 = (@ -//)(*,. ? /) + (*. , -//! )(*,. ? /)! Answer: ∆6 = HI,H -
!

PROBLEM NO. 2: A bike accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 7.10 m/s over a distance of
35.4 m. Determine the acceleration of the bike.

$
Given: <" = @ %
Required: ( =?

< = I. H@ -//
∆6 = *J. K -

! !
('.#" )# *(" )#
Equation : <! = <" ! + ,(∆6 Solution : ( = " "
Answer: ( = @. IH, -//!
!(+,.- $)

"# *""!
(= !∆0

PROBLEM NO. 3: A dragster accelerates to a speed of 112 m/s over a distance of 398 m.
Determine the acceleration (assume uniform) of the dragster.

Given: <" = @ -// Required: ( =?

1
 < = HH, -//
∆6 = *L? -

! !
(##! )# *(" )#
Equation: <! = <" ! + ,(∆6 Solution: ( = " "
Answer: ( = HJ. ? -//!
!(+12 $)

"# *""!
(= !∆0

PROBLEM NO. 4: A plane has a takeoff speed of 96.3 m/s and requires 1865 m to reach that speed.
Determine the acceleration of the plane and the time required to reach this speed.

Given: <" = @ -// Required: ( =? Equation1: <! = <" ! + ,(∆6

"# *""!
< = LM. * -// = =? (= (derived)
!∆0

∆6 = H?MJ - Equation2: " = "% + (=

"* "!
== (derived)
3

(14.+ $/%)# *(" $/%)#

Solution1: ( = Answer1: ( = ,. KL -//!
!(#24, $)

(14.+ $/%)*(" $/%)

Solution2: = = Answer2: = = *?. I /
!.-1 $/%#

PROBLEM NO. 5: A car sits on an entrance ramp to a freeway, waiting for a break in the traffic. Then
the driver accelerates with constant acceleration along the ramp and onto the freeway. The car starts
from rest, moves in a straight line, and has a speed of 20 m/s when it reaches the end of the 120-m-
long ramp. What is the acceleration of the car?

Given: <" = @ -// Required: ( =? Equation: <! = <" ! + ,(∆6

"# *""!
< = ,@ -// (= !∆0

∆6 = H,@ -

2
 (!" $/%)# *(" $/%)#
Solution: ( = Answer: ( = H. MI -//!
!(#!" $)

FORCE AND MOTION

PROBLEM NO. 1: The rising concern among athletic trainers and health advocates (and parents)
regarding concussions and multiple concussions among high school football players has prompted
numerous studies of the effectiveness of protective head gear and the forces and accelerations
experienced by players. One study suggested that there is a 50% chance of concussions for impacts
rated at 75 g's of acceleration (i.e., 75 multiplied by 9.8 m/s/s). (The average head impact results in
22 to 24 g's of acceleration.) If a player's head mass (with helmet) is 6.0 kg and considered to be a
free body, then what net force would be required to produce an acceleration of 75 g's?

Given: - = M. @ NO Required: P678 =? Equation: P678 = -(

( = IJ(L. ? -//! ) = I*J -//!

Solution: (M. @ NO)(I*J -//! ) Answer: P678 = KKH@ Q

PROBLEM NO. 2: A rope is used to pull a 2.89-kg bucket of water out of a deep well.

a. What is the acceleration of the bucket when the tension in the rope is 30.2N ?
b. if starting from rest, what speed will the bucket have after experiencing this force for 2.16
seconds.

Given: - = ,. ?L NO Required: ( =? Equationa: R − -O = -(

9*$: $3
R = *@. , Q < =? =
$ $

9*$:
<" = @ -// (= (Derived)
$

= = ,. HM / Equationb: " = "% + (=

3
 )%.+ ,-(+./0 12)(0./ 3/5" )
Solutiona: # = +./0 12
Answera: # = %. '() */,+

Solutionb: < = (@ -//) + (@. MKL -//! )(,. HM /) Answerb: " = -. (% */,

PROBLEM NO. 3: Mira and Kris are lab partners for the Pulley and Bricks Lab. They have
determined that the 2.15-kg brick is experiencing a forward tension force of
9.54 N and a friction force of 8.69 N as it is accelerated across the tabletop.
Construct a free-body diagram depicting the types of forces acting upon the
brick. Then determine the net force and acceleration of the brick.

Given: -(//, - = ,. HJ NO Required: P678 =? Equation1: P678 = P − V

friction force, V = ?. ML Q ( =? Equation2: P678 = -(

;$%&
Applied force, P = L. JK Q (= $

Solution1: P678 = L. JK Q − ?. ML Q Answer1: P678 = @. ?J Q

".2, <
Solution2: ( = Answer2: ( = @. K@ -//
!.#, =:

PROBLEM NO. 4: Captain John Stapp of the U.S. Air Force tested the human limits of acceleration by
riding on a rocket sled of his own design, known as the Gee Whiz. What net force would be required
to accelerate the 82-kg Stapp at 450 m/s^2 (the highest acceleration tested by Stapp)?

Given: ( = KJ@ -//! Required: P678 =? Equation: P678 = -(

- = ?, NO

Solution: P678 = (?, NO)(KJ@ -//! ) Answer: P678 = *ML@@ Q

PROBLEM NO. 5: A tractor pulls a loaded wagon with a constant force of 440 N. If the total mass of
the wagon and its contents is 275 kg, what is the wagon’s acceleration? (Ignore any frictional forces)

Given: P = KK@ Q Required: (=? Equation: P = -(

4
 ;
- = ,IJ NO ( = $ (derived)

--" <
Solution: ( = Answer: ( = H. M@ -//!
!', =:

WORK AND ENERGY

PROBLEM NO. 1: Renatta Gass is out with her friends. Misfortune occurs and Renatta and her friends
find themselves getting a workout. They apply a cumulative force of 1080 N to push the car 218 m to
the nearest fuel station. Determine the work done on the car.

Given: P = H@?@ Q Required: Z =? Equation: Z = P[

[ = ,H? -

Solution: Z = (H@?@ Q)(,H? -) Answer: Z = ,*JKK@ \

PROBLEM NO. 2: A new conveyor system at the local packaging plan will utilize a motor-powered
mechanical arm to exert an average force of 890 N to push large crates a distance of 12 meters in 22
seconds. Determine the power output required of such a motor.

>
Given: P = ?L@ Q Required: ] =? Equation: ] =
8

;?
[ = H, - ]= (Derived)
8

= = ,, /

(21" <)(#! $)
Solution: ] = Answer: ] = K?J. KJ Z
(!! %)

5
PROBLEM NO. 3: A 78-kg skydiver has a speed of 62 m/s at an altitude of 870 m above the ground.

a. Determine the kinetic energy possessed by the skydiver.

b. Determine the potential energy possessed by the skydiver.
c. Determine the total mechanical energy possessed by the skydiver.
#
Given: - = I? NO Required: Kinetic Energy, KE=? Equation1: ab = -<!
!

< = M, -// Potential Energy, PE=? Equation2: ]b = -Od

d = ?I@ - Total Mechanical Energy, ME=? Equation3: hb = ]b + ab

#
Solution1: ab = (I? NO)(M, -//)! Answer1: ab = H. J ∗ H@, \
!

Solution2: ]b = (I? NO)(L. ? -//! )(?I@ -) Answer2: ]b = M. MJ ∗ H@, \

Solution3: hb = (M. MJ ∗ H@, \) + (H. J ∗ H@, \) Answer3: hb = ?. HJ ∗ H@, \

PROBLEM NO. 4: A force of F=20N at an angle of 37° is applied to a 3kg object initially at rest. The object
has displaced a distance of 25m over a frictionless horizontal table. Determine the work done by the applied force.

Given: P = ,@ Q Required: Z; =? Equation: Z; = P[jk/l

[ = ,J -

l = *I°

Solution: Z; = (,@ Q)(,J -)jk/*I°) Answer: Z; = *LL. *, \)

6
PROBLEM NO. 5: Steve has done a work of 3270J on the stalled car as he pushes it a distance of 18m. The car
also has a flat tire, so to make the car track straight, Steve must push an angle of 30° to the direction of motion.
How much force did Steve exert?

Given: Z = *,I@ \ Required: P =? Equation: Z = P[jk/l

>
[ = H? - P= (derived)
?@A%B

l = *@°

+!'" C
Solution: P = Answer: P = ,@L. II Q
(#2 $) @A% +"°

IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

PROBLEM NO. 1: A 1950 kg police car going 12.5 m/s rear-ends a 1500 kg sedan moving at 3.0
m/s. After the collision, the two cars move together as one unit. What is their final velocity?

$' F' G$# F# ($' G$# )F(

Given: -# = HLJ@ NO Required: Pno(p <qpkjn=r, <E =? Equation:
$' G$# $' G$#
$' F' G$# F#
<# = H,. J -// <E = (derived)
$' G$#

-! = HJ@@ NO
<! = *. @ -//
(#1," =:)(#!., $/%)G(#,"" =:)(+." $/%)
Solution: <E = Answer: <E = ?. *I -//
(#1," =:)G(#,"" =:)

7
PROBLEM NO. 2: A golfer drives a 0.10-kilogram ball from an elevated tee, giving the ball an initial
horizontal speed of 40 m/s (about 90 mi/h). The club and the ball are in contact for 1.0 ms (millisecond).
What is the average force exerted by the club on the ball during this time?

Given: - = @. H@ NO Required: P ((<qs(Oq Vksjq) =? Equation: P∆= = t − t" = -< − -<"

$F*$F)
< = K@ -// P= (derived)
∆8

<" = @ -//

∆= = H. @ -/ = H. @ ∗ H@*+ /

(".#" =:)(-" $/%)*(".#" =:)(" $/%)

Solution: P = Answer: P = K@@@ Q
#."∗#"*+ %

PROBLEM NO. 3: A 150g baseball is thrown with a speed of 40m/s. If it takes 0.7s for the baseball
to come to rest in the catcher's glove, what is the average force the catcher experiences due to the
ball?

Given: - = HJ@ O = @. HJ NO Required: P3F7I3:7 =? Equation: \ = P∆= =

-∆<

$∆F
< = K@ -// P= (derived)
∆8

∆= = @. I /

(".#, =:)(-" $/%)

Solution: P = Answer: P = ?. JI Q
".' %

PROBLEM NO. 4: Joe, of mass 90kg, jumps straight up. To do so, he bends his knees and produces
an upwards force that results in a constant upward net force of 100N. If Joe experiences this force for
0.9s before leaving the ground, what is Joe's velocity immediately after he leaves the ground?

∆K K& *K, $F- *$F,

Given: - = L@ NO Required: <J =? Equation: P = = =
9 8 8

8
 $F-
P = H@@ Q P= 8

;8
= = @. L / <J = (derived)
$

(#"" <)(".1 %)
Solution: <J = Answer: <J = H. @@ -//
1" =:

PROBLEM NO. 5: A 1055kg van, stopped at a traffic light, is hit directly in the rear by a 715kg car
traveling with a velocity of 2.25 m/s. The car then moves 0.55 m/s. Assume that the transmission of
the van is in neutral, the brakes are not being applied, and the collision is elastic. What is the final
velocity of the van?

Given: -# = H@JJ NO Required: <# ′ =? Equation: -# <# + -! <! = -# <# ′ + -! <! ′

$' F' G$# F# *$# F# E L $' F' E

<# = @ -// $' $'

$' F' G$# F# *$# F# E

-! = IHJ NO <# ′ = (derived)
$'

<! = ,. ,J -//

<! ′ = @. JJ -//

(#",, =:)(" $/%)G('#, =:)(!.!, $/%)*('#, =:)(".,, $/%)

Solution: <E = Solution: <E = H. HJ -//
#",, =:

9
 ANGULAR MOTION

PROBLEM NO. 1: Find the moment of inertia of a disc of mass 3 kg and radius 50 cm about an axis
passing through the center and perpendicular to the plane of the disc.

#
Given: - = * NO Required: v =? Equation: v = -s!
!

s = J@ j- = @. J -

#
Solution: v = (* NO)(@. J -)! Answer: v = @. *IJ NO ∗ -!
!

PROBLEM NO. 2: What is the moment of inertia of a 2-kg long uniform rod with a length of 2 m? The
axis of rotation located at one end of the rod.

10
 #
Given: - = ,NO Required: v =? Equation: v = -w!
+

w=,-

# 2
Solution: v = (, NO)(, -)! Answer: v = NO ∗ -!
+ +

PROBLEM NO. 3: How much torque is produced by opening a jar of pickles if the lid on the jar has
a radius of 3.8 centimeters and the force exerted tangentially to the lid is 150 N? Assume that the
force is concentrated at one point on the lid.

Given: s = *. ? j- = @. @*? - Required: x =? Equation: x = Ps

P = HJ@ Q

Solution: x = (HJ@ Q)(@. @*? -) Answer: x = J. I Q ∗ -

PROBLEM NO. 4: A merry-go-round has an angular acceleration of 0.30 radians per second squared.
After accelerating from rest for 2.8 seconds, through what angle in radians does the merry-go- round
rotate?

#
Given: ( = @. *@ s([//! Required: l =? Equation: l = yM = + (=!
!

= = ,. ? /

#
Solution: l = (@)(,. ?) + (@. *@)(,. ?)! Answer: l = H. HIM s([
!

11
PROBLEM NO. 5: A 20-kg cylinder pulley with a radius of 0.2 m rotates at a constant angular speed
of 4 rad/s. What is the rotational kinetic energy of the pulley?

Given: - = ,@ NO Required: zk=(=nko(p anoq=nj boqsOr (zab) =?

s = @. , m

y = K s([//

# # #
Equation1: v = -s! Solution1: v = (,@)(@. ,)! = @. K NO ∗ -! Equation2: zab = py!
! ! !

#
Solution2: zab = (@. K)(K)! Final Answer: zab = *. , \
!

12
 ROLAND THIRDTHE V. PACHECO

This Worksheet consists of 5 problems for Electric Field, 5 problems for Simple Circuits, 5 problems for Magnetic
Field, and 5 problems for Optics for a total of 20 problems.

ELECTRIC FIELD

PROBLEM NO. 1: A small charge 47 nC is found in a uniform electric field 60 kN/C . Determine the force on
the charge.

!"!" #
Given: ( = 47 ,- ⟶ 47,- / 0 = 1. 3 4 56&' 7 Required: = =?
! %#

!"# #
? = 60 BC/- ⟶ 60 BC/- / ! () 0 = E. 6 4 56* F/7

Equation: K = ⟶ L MK = , N L → = = (? Solution: = =( 1. 3 4 56&' 7)(E. 6 4 56* F/7)

+ +
,

= = (? (TUVWXUY ?(Z[\W]^)

Solution: = = _. `_ 4 56&- F

PROBLEM NO. 2: A small charge (q=6.0 mC) is found in a uniform E-field (E=2.9 N/C). Determine the force
on the charge.

!"!# #
Given: ( = 6.0 a- ⟶ 6.0a- / 0 = E. 6 4 56&- 7 Required: = =?
! .#

? = _. b F/7

1
Equation: K = ⟶ L MK = ,N L → = = (? Solution: = =( E. 6 4 56&- 7)(_. b F/7)
+ +
,

= = (? (TUVWXUY ?(Z[\W]^)

Answer: = = 0.02 N

PROBLEM NO. 3: A positive charge of 1 x 10^-5 C experiences a force of 0.2 N when located at a certain
point in an electric field. What is the electric field strength at that point?

Given: ( = 5 4 56&/ 7 Required: ? =? Equation: ? =

0
1

= = 6. _ F

Solution: ? = Answer: ? = _6666 F/7 ]V _. 6 4 56* F/7

2.4 5
6 7 62!$ 8

PROBLEM NO. 4: In the vicinity of point charge q, we place a 0.2μC-charge so that a force of f. 6 4 56&/ F
applied on it due to the charge q. Find the electric field produced by this unknown charge q?

!"!% #
Given: ( = 0.2 µ- ⟶ 0.2µ- / 0 = 6. _ 4 56&: 7 Required: ? =?
! 9#

= = f. 6 4 56&/ F

/.2 7 62!$ 5
Equation: ? = Equation: ? = = _f6 F/7 Answer: ? = _f6 F/7
0
1 2.4 7 62!& 8

PROBLEM NO. 5: What is the magnitude and direction of the electric field due to a point charge of 20μC at a
distance of 1 meter away from it?

2
 !"!% #
Given: ( = 20 µ- ⟶ 20µ- / 0 = _6 4 56&: 7 Required: ? =?
! 9#

V=1a TWVUj\W]^ ]k ?lUj\VWj =WUlY =?

m = 8.99 p 10; C ∙ a< /- <

42 7 62!&
Equation: ? = m Solution: ? = (8.99 p 10; ) / 0 = 1.80 p 10> C/-
1
=' !(

Answer: ? = 5. `6 4 56/ F/7

The sign of the charge determine the direction of the electric field. In this case, the charge is positive, so the
electric field at every point is away from it.

SIMPLE CIRCUITS

PROBLEM NO. 1: Find the current I passing through and the voltage across each of the resistors in the circuit
below.

Given: r6 = 566 s Required: t =? Equation1: r?1 = r6 + r4 + r-

r4 = 166 s v@6 =? Equation2: : t =

A
@

r- = _66 s v@4 =? Equation3: v = tr

v=3v v@- =?

Solution1: r?1 = (566 s) + ( 166 s) + (_66 s) = 366 s Final Answers: t = 6. 65 x

Solution2: t = = 6. 65 x v@6 = 5 v
BA
B22 C

Solution3: v@6 = (6. 65 x)(566 s) = 5 y v@4 = 1 v

v@4 = (6. 65 x)(166 s) = 1 y v@- = _ v

3
 v@- = (6. 65 x)(_66 s) = _ y

PROBLEM NO. 2 Find the total equivalent resistance in the circuit below.

Given: r6 = _6 s Required: r?1 =? Equation: r?1 = r6 + r4 + r-

r4 = 56 s

r- = 16 s

Solution: r?1 = (_6 s) + (56 s) + (16 s) = 36 s Answer: r?1 = 36 s

PROBLEM NO. 3: Find current I in the circuit below and the current passing through each of the resistors in the
circuit.

Given: r6 = 566 s Required: tD =? Equation1: =@ +@ +@

6 6 6 6
@)* + ' ,

r4 = 166 s t@+ =? Equation2: z = {| ⟶ t = (TUVWXUY)

A
@

r- = _66 s t@' =?

v=3v t@, =?

4
Solution1: = 622 C + *22 C + 422 C = *22 Final Answers: tD = = 6. 5_ x
6 6 6 6 B BA
@)* /B.6* C

r?1 = = f3. 51 s t@+ = 622 C = 6. 63 x

6 BA
-
.//

Solution2: tD = = 6. 5_ x t@' = *22 = 6. 6_ x

BA BA
/B.6* C C

t@+ = 622 C = 6. 63 x t- = 422 = 6. 61 x

BA BA
C

t@' = *22 = 6. 6_ x
BA
C

t- = 422 = 6. 61 x
BA
C

PROBLEM NO. 4: For the following circuit find: R, I, and V across 10 Ω resistor.

Given: r6 = _6 s Required: r?1 =? Equation1: r?1 = r6 + r4 + r-

r4 = 56 s t =? Equation2: z = {| ⟶ t = (TUVWXUY)
A
@

r- = 16 s v@' =? Equation3: v@' = tr

v = 5_ v

Solution1: r?1 = (_6 s) + (56 s) + (16 s) = 36 s Final Answers: r?1 = 36 s

Solution2: t = = 6. 53 x t = 6. 53 x
64 A
B2 C

Solution3: v@' = (6. 53 x)(56 s) = 5. 36 y v@' = 5. 36 v

5
PROBLEM NO. 5: Find current I in the circuit below.

Given: r6 = 566 s Required: t =? Equation1: r?1(6,4) = r6 + r4

r4 = 166 s Equation2: =@ +@
6 6 6
@)*(,,.) , .

r- = 566 s Equation3: r?1 = r?1(6,4) + r?1(-,*)

r* = _66 s Equation4: z = {| ⟶ t = (TUVWXUY)

A
@

v=Ev

Solution1: r?1(6,4) = (566 s) + (166 s) = f66 s Reduced Illustration:

Solution2: = 622 C + 422 C = 422

6 6 6 -
@)*(,,.)

r?1 = = s
6 422
,
-
'//

Solution3: r?1 = (f66 s) + / s0 = s

422 6B22
- -

Equation4: t = +-// = x ]V 6. 65 x Final Answer: t = x ]V 6. 65 x

:A H H
C '/2 '/2
,

MAGNETIC FIELD

PROBLEM NO. 1: A particle with a charge of 2μC is moving at ! # $%% &/( perpendicularly through a
magnetic field with a strength of 0.05T. What is the magnitude of the force on the particle?

!"!% #
Given: ( = 2 - ⟶ 2 - / 0 = _ 4 56&: 7 Required: = =? Equation: ) = +,-
! I#

X = ! # $%% &/(

- = %. %/ 0

6
Solution: ) = 1_ 4 56−: 72 3! # $%% &/(4(%. %/ 0) = %. !% 7 Answer: ) = %. !% 7

PROBLEM NO. 2: An 8 cm wire with a current of 2A is oriented !8° from parallel to a magnetic field with a
strength of 6 T. What is the force on the wire?

Given: Ä = ` jÅ → 6. 6` Å Required: = =? Equation: = = tÄÇÉW^Ñ

t = _x

Ñ = !8°

Ç = 80

Solution: = = (_x)(6. 6` Å)(EÖ)ÉW^!8° = %. /8 7 Answer: = = 6. fE F

PROBLEM NO. 3: What is the force experienced by a 15μC charge moving at 8. : # $%' &/( through a
magnetic field with strength 7T at ;<° from perpendicular to the field?

!"!% #
Given: ( = 15 - ⟶ 15 - / 0 = 5f 4 56&: 7 Required: = =? Equation: = = (XÇÉW^Ñ
! I#

X = 8. : # $%' &/(

- = =0

Ñ = ;<°

Solution: = = (5f 4 56&: 7)(8. : # $%' &/()(=0)(>? ;<° = ;<!=. <= 7

Answer: = = 1. `á3. `3 F

PROBLEM NO. 4: Suppose that a proton moves perpendicularly through a magnetic field at a speed
of / # $%( &/(. If this proton experiences a magnetic force of $. : # $%)*+ 7, what is the strength of the magnetic
field? (+ = @ = $. 8 # $%)*, A).

Given: X = / # $%( &/( Required: Ç =? Equation: à = Lâä → Ç = (TUVWXUY)

0
1K

= = $. : # $%−*+ 7

+ = $. 8 # $%)*, A

7
 *./ 0 *1−"# 2
Solution: Ç = = 5. f6 4 56&- Ö Answer: Ç = 5. f6 4 56&- Ö
(*.% 0 *1−"$ 3)(5 0 *1% 6/8)

PROBLEM NO. 5: A proton traveling with a speed of =. / # $%% &/( enters a uniform external magnetic field of
strength 45 T at an angle of ;/°. What will be the magnetic force acting on the proton? (+ = $. 8 # $%)*, A).

Given: X = =. / # $%% &/( Required: = =? Equation: = = (XÇÉW^Ñ

Ç = ;/ 0

Ñ = ;/°

+ = $. 8 # $%)*, A

Solution: = = ($. 8 # $%−*, A)(=. / # $%% &/()(;/ 0)ÉW^ ;/° = !. < # $%−** F

Answer: = = !. < # $%−** F

OPTICS

PROBLEM NO. 1: An object is placed 10 cm from a concave mirror. The focal length is 5 cm. Determine (a)
the image distance (b) the magnification of image.

Given: YL = 56 jÅ Required: YM =?

k = f jÅ Å =?

Equation1: = + O → O = N − O → YM = (P − Q )&6 (TUVWXUY)

! ! ! ! ! ! 6 6
N O3 4 4 3 5

Solution1: åR = ( − ) = 10
! ! &!
> !"

Equation2: a = −
Q6
Q5

Solution2: a = − = −1
62
62

Final answers: YM = 56 jÅ

Å = −5

8
PROBLEM NO. 2: A candle is placed at a distance of 30 cm from a converging lens having a focal length of
10 cm. At what distance from the lens the candle's image is formed?

Given: çéèêëí åìîíï,ëê, YL = á6 jÅ Required: {aïóê åìîíï,ëê, YM =?

àòëïô öê,óíℎ, k = 56 jÅ

Equation: = O + O → O = N − O → YM = (P − Q )&6 (TUVWXUY)

! ! ! ! ! ! 6 6
N 3 4 4 3 5

Solution: åR = ( − S")&! = 15
! !
!"

Answer: YM = 5f jÅ

PROBLEM NO. 3: You have an object 17.0 cm away from a concave mirror with a focal length of 7.40 cm. What
is the image distance?

Given: çéèêëí åìîíï,ëê, YL = 53. 6 jÅ Required: {aïóê åìîíï,ëê, YM =?

àòëïô öê,óíℎ, k = 3. 16 jÅ

Equation: = O + O → O = N − O → YM = (P − Q )&6 (TUVWXUY)

! ! ! ! ! ! 6 6
N 3 4 4 3 5

Solution: åR = ( − !T." V.)&! = 13.10 ëa

! !
T.U"

Answer: YM = 5á. 56 jÅ

PROBLEM NO. 4: A beam of light going through a medium with an index of refraction of 1.14 has an angle of
incidence of ;<° with another medium. If the light wave is at a new angle of !B°, what is the index of refraction
for the second medium?

Given: ,! = 1.14 Required: ,< =? Equation: ,! îì,ù! = ,< îì,ù<

ù! = 48° ,< = (ûêüìâêå)

%7 WR%X7
WR%X(

ù< = 39°

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Using Snell’s Law
(!.!U)WR% (48°)
Solution: ,< = = 5. áf Answer: ^4 = 5. áf
YZ[ (39°)

PROBLEM NO. 5: A pencil is placed 6 cm in front of a concave mirror having a radius of curvature of 40 cm. (a)
What is its focal length? (b) Determine the position of the image formed by this mirror.

Given: å\ = 6 ëa Required: åR =?

| = 40 ëa § =?

Equation1: § =
]
<

Solution1: § = = 20 ëa
U"
<

Equation2: = + O → O = N − O → YM = (P − Q )&6 (TUVWXUY)

! ! ! ! ! ! 6 6
N O3 4 4 3 5

Solution2: åR = ( − ^)&! = −8.57 ëa → 8.57 ëa

! !
<"

Final Answer: YM = `. f3 jÅ

k = _6 jÅ

As we can see, we obtained a negative value for image distance for an object in front of a concave mirror.
Thus, we conclude that the image must be formed on the opposite side of the mirror, or in other words, behind
the mirror. This image which is formed on the opposite side of the object is called a virtual image. Therefore, the
image of the above pencil is located about 8.57 cm behind the mirror.

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