equations in the system.

now how to solve these kinds of systems from our work in the previous section.
we’re going to take advantage of the fact that it only has two variables and one of them,
sneed to do a little
a coefficient of -1.simplification
This equationofBasic
isthe system.
easily Maths
solved forI yAssignment
to get, 2
2 x1.)16 x 20
Solve 5z 33system
the following 14 x 5 z
y 4 x of5equations. 13
2 x 8 x 10 3 z 19 6 x 3z 9
hen substitute this into the first and third equation 2x − 4y + 5z = -33
as follows,
fied version looks just like the systems we were solving 4x − y =in-5
the previous section. Well,
the same. The variables this2 xtime4 are
College Algebra 4 xx and
5 z 5-2x z + 2y
instead of−x3z
33 and y, but that really isn’t a
=19
The work of solving this will be the same. (15 marks)
Answer: 2 x 2 4 x 5 3 z 19
either the method of substitution or the method of elimination to solve this new
wo linear
you 1 thisy is= just
equations.
x tothink
get about it,
xsubstitute. The 4x +a 5system of first
into the
coefficients ontwo linear
theand equations
third
second with
equation
equation two
asare variables (x and
follows,
e know how2xto−solve
2 these+ kinds
4(4x+5) 5z = -33of systems from our work in the previous section.
ed to use the method
-2xCollege
+and ofAlgebra
2(4x+5) substitution
− for we could easily solve the second equation for z
3z =z.19Here
that equation solve is that work.
’llwhy it would
need to do abe easiest
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the system.
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This would allow of theussystem
to find x and we could then find both z and y.
26x 161 1x 203 z 5 z9 33 14 x 5 z 13
ox make x point that
to getthe . The coefficients
often we use bothonmethods
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in solving are of three linear
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2 x 282xof 10
et’s use the method 3 z 19to solve the system of
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ltiply the first equation for z.
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Determine the height of the building. BC at=a particular
henceviewed = = 129.9 m
= 34 m to the nearest metre tan 30◦ ◦instant0.5774from the top of a
75 m vertical cliff is 30 . Find the distance of the
e building PQ and the angles of elevation are ship from=theinitial
base ofposition
the cliff at of
thisship from
instant. The
wn in Fig. 12.17. Basic Maths I Assignment 2 base
ship is sailing away fromof cliff
the cliff at constant
speed and 1 minute later its angle of depression
riangle PQS, from the top of the cliff is 20◦ . Determine the
speed of the ship in km/h.
2.) A surveyor measures the angle of elevation of the top of a perpendicular building
as 19h0. He moves 120 m nearer the building and finds the angle of elevation is now
an 19◦ = 47Figure 12.16
0. Determine the height of the building. Figure 12.18 shows the cliff AB, the initial positi
x + 120 of the ship at C and the final position at D. Since t
◦ (1530marks)
angle of depression is initially ◦ then ∠ACB = 3
ce h= tan 19 (x + 120), (alternate angles between parallel lines).
Problem 10. A surveyor measures the angle of
elevation+of120)
h= 0.3443(x the top of a perpendicular(1)
build- Figure 12.18 AB 75
◦
ing as 19◦ . He moves 120 m nearer the building
Answer: =
tan 30 =
and finds the angle of elevation is now 47 . ◦ BC BC
Determine the height of the building. In triangle ABD, 75 = 75 = 129.9 m
hence BC =
tan 30◦ 0.5774
The building PQ and the angles of elevation are tan 20◦ =
AB position75of ship from
= initial=
shown in Fig. 12.17. BD cliff+ CD
base ofBC
ge 120 In triangle PQS, 75
age 120 =
ure 12.17 h
129.9 + x
tan 19◦ =
x + 120
hence h= tan 19◦ (x + 120),
i.e. h= 0.3443(x + 120) (1) Figure 12.18
e angles
angles ◦=
◦=hh
In
In triangle PQR,tan
triangle PQR, tan4747 In triangle ABD,
x x
hence ◦◦ AB 75
hence h= tan4747(x),
h=tan (x),i.e.i.e.
h= 1.0724x
h= 1.0724x (2) (2) tan 20◦ = =
BD BC + CD
nnhori-
hori- Equating
Equatingequations
equations(1)(1)and (2)(2)
and gives:
gives: 75
base
ase ofof =
pof
of the
the 0.3443(x++120)
0.3443(x
Figure 12.17 120)= =
1.0724x
1.0724x 129.9 + x
pylon 0.3443x + (0.3443)(120) = 1.0724x
pylon 0.3443x + (0.3443)(120) = 1.0724x
(0.3443)(120) = (1.0724 − 0.3443)x
(0.3443)(120) = (1.0724 − 0.3443)x
41.316 = 0.7281x
angle of 41.316 =41.316
0.7281x
angle of x = 41.316 = 56.74 m
x =0.7281 = 56.74 m
0.7281
From equation (2), height of building,
From equation (2), height of building,
h = 1.0724x = 1.0724(56.74) = 60.85 m.
h = 1.0724x = 1.0724(56.74) = 60.85 m.
m Problem 11. The angle of depression of a ship
m viewed
Problem at 11.
a particular
The angleinstant from the topofofa aship
of depression
75 m vertical cliff is 30 ◦ . Find the distance of the
viewed at a particular instant from the top of a
ship
75 mfrom the base
vertical cliffofisthe
30◦cliff at this
. Find the instant.
distanceThe
of the
ship is sailing away from the cliff at constant
ship from the base of the cliff at this instant. The
speed
ship isandsailing
1 minute
away laterfrom
its angle of depression
the cliff at constant
from the top of the cliff is 20◦ . Determine the
speed and 1 minute later its angle of depression
speed of the ship in km/h. ◦
from the top of the cliff is 20 . Determine the
speed of the ship in km/h.
Figure 12.18 shows the cliff AB, the initial position
of the ship at C and the final position at D. Since the
Figure
angle of12.18 shows
depression the cliff30AB,
is initially the∠initial
◦ then ACB =position
30◦
of the shipangles
(alternate at C and the final
between position
parallel lines).at D. Since the
ngle of
build-
angle of depression is initially 30◦ then ∠ACB = 30◦
(alternate 75 parallel lines).
ABbetween
ngle of
uilding tan 30◦angles
= =
 16
1616
Trigonometric identities and equations
Basic Maths I Assignment 2

Trigonometricidentities
Trigonometric identitiesand
andequations
equations
3.) Find k, if the equation of x2 − kx + 6 = 0 has two real roots
(5 marks)
# $2 ! "
b - 4ac > 0
2 b c 2
1 Trigonometric identities i.e. 1+ =
2 (-k) - 4(1)(6) > 0 a# $#2 $2a! "!2 "2
b b c c
16.1k16.1
igonometric Trigonometric
2 - 24 >Trigonometric
identity 0 is a relationship identities
identities
that is true Hence + 12+θ = =
i.e. i.e.1 +1tan sec 2
= (3)
k2 - (√24)2 > 0 a a aθ a
all values of the unknown variable. 2 2 sec2 θ 2
A trigonometric
(k - √24) (k +identity
A trigonometric √24) > 0is a relationship
identity that that
is a relationship is true
is trueHence
Dividing each1term
Hence + 1tan+oftan = θ = sec(1)θ by b2 gives: (3)
θequation
for all
forvalues
when θ=of-5the
all kvalues
sin of unknown
thecos θ variable.
unknown variable.1 2 gives:
tan θ = , cot θ = , sec θ = Dividing 2 each
Dividing 2termterm
each of2 equation (1) by
of equation (1)bby b2 gives:
(-5 cos
- √24) θ (-5 + √24)
sin θsinsin > 0 ✓
θ θ cos θcos θcos θ 1 1
a b c
= = θ = , sec,θsec =θ = +2 =
whentank θ=tan 0 θcos= , cot,θcot
θcos θ sin θsin θ cos θcos θ b2 a b+a22b =
2
bb22c2 c2
1 (0 + √24) > 0 ✕1 + =
cosec θ = (0 - √24) and cot θ = ! a "2b2 b2b2 !b2cb"2 2 b2
when
cosec θkθ ==5θ =1 and
sincosec 1 tan θ
cot θcot
and =θ =
1 1
i.e. ! a+"!2 1"= ! "
a 2 b c !2c "2
(5 - √24) (5 + √24)sin θsin>θ 0 ✓ tan θtan θ b
i.e. i.e. + 1+ =1 =
b b b b
examples of trigonometric identities from 2
pter 12.are examples
are examples of trigonometric
of trigonometric identities from
identities fromHence cot cot
Hence θ 2+ 12 = cosec2 2θ 2 (4)
Chapter 12. Hence θ + θ1 +
cot =1cosec
= cosec
θ θ (4)
Chapter 12.
pplying Pythagoras’ theorem to the right-angled Equations (2),(2),
(3)(2),
andand
(4)andare
ngle shown
Applying
Applying
inProve
Fig.
Pythagoras’
16.1
Pythagoras’ theorem
theoremto thetoright-angled
the right-angled Equations
Equations (3) (3) (4) (4)three
are threefurther
further
are three examples
examples
further examp
triangle
4.) shown
triangle sin
shown θgives:
in 2Fig. 16.1
in+Fig. θgives:
cos216.1 = gives:
1 of trigonometric
of trigonometric identities.
identities.ForFor the
the proof
proof of
of
of trigonometric identities. For the proof of furt further
further
trigonometric
trigonometricidentities,
identities, see
seeSection 16.2.
(5 marks)
Section 16.2.
2 2 2
a + b =ac2 +a2b2+=b2c2= c2 (1) (1) (1) trigonometric identities, see Section 16.2.
Answer:
16.216.216.2
Worked
WorkedWorkedproblems on on
problems
problems on
trigonometric
trigonometric identities
trigonometric identities
identities
Problem 1. 1.
Problem Prove the identity
Prove the identity
Problem θ1.
sin2sincot Prove =the
secθ θsec
2 θ θcot θsin
identity
= θ.
sin θ.
2
sin θ cot θ sec θ = sin θ.
Figure 16.1 16.1
Figure
a2 + b2 = c2 WithWithtrigonometric
trigonometric identities it isitnecessary
identities to start
is necessary to st
re 16.1 with the left-hand side (LHS) and attempt to make
With trigonometric identities it is necessary to star
with the left-hand side (LHS) and attempt to ma
Dividing eacheach
Dividing termterm
of equation (1) by
of equation
2
(1)cbygives:
2 it equal
with Itthe
c gives: to
itleft-handthe
equal to the right-hand
right-hand
side side
(LHS)alland (RHS)
side (RHS) or
attempt vice-versa.
orto
vice-ver
make
isItoften
is useful
often to
useful change
to change of
allthe
of trigonometric
the trigonomet
ding each term of equation 2 it equal tointo
the sines
right-hand sidewhere
(RHS)possible.
or vice-versa
a2 a2b2 (1) b 2 cby
2 c 2 gives:
c ratios
ratios into to and and
sines cosines
cosines where Thus,
possible. Thu
2
+ 2+ = =
2
It is often useful change all of the trigonometric
a2 b2 c cc22c c2 c c2 ratios into sines and2 cosines where possible. Thus,
LHSLHS = sin θ cot
2 θ sec θ
+
! a "!22 = # $#2 $2 = sin # θ cot $θ sec θ $
c 2 c a " 2
2 cb b # θ #$ #
cos $
i.e. i.e. + + = 1= 1 = 2sin2 θ 2 cos θ 1 1
! a "2 # bc$2 c c c LHS = sin = θ cot
sin θθsecθ θ cos θ
# sin $ sin#θ $θ
cos
+(cos(cos
θ) +=
2 1 θ) = 21
2(sin 2 = 2sin cos θ
(byθ (by
cancelling) 1 = RHS
c c θ) + (sin θ) = 1 = sin =θ θsin cancelling) = RHS
sin θ cos θ
(cos θ)2 + (sin θ)2 2= 1 = sin (by cancelling) = RHS
Hence cos θ +2 sin2 θ =
Hence 2 1
cos θ + sin θ = 1 (2) (2) Problem
Problem 2. Prove that 2. θProve that
Dividing eacheach
termterm
of equation (1) by 2 gives:
aby 2 gives: + xsec
tan xtan + xsec$x = 1.
Dividing of equation (1) a # $ = 1.
ce cos2 θ + sin 2
θ 2= 1 2 (2) Problem 2. Prove that# tan x
tan x
2
a a2b b2c c2 sec x 1 +
sec x 1sec +x
+ 2+ = =
ding each term of
a equation 2 tan x + sec x sec x
a2a a2a(1) aby2 a gives:
2 2
# $ = 1.
tan x
a 2 b2 c2 sec x 1 +
+ = 2 sec x
a2 a2 a
 Basic Maths I Assignment 2
V
5.) Solve the equation 2 + 2cos x = 3sin2 x for 00 to 3600.
ALGEBRA 5
V = Vmax sin 120 πt
Vmax (10 marks)
6) (x − 13 )(x + 2) = 0
Answer: Vav
7) i.e. 2x 2++2cos
2x −x = 1 3sin22 x
− 3 = 02
3 x3(1 A 1/60
2 + 2cos x = - cos x) t
i.e. 2 + 2cos x 2 +x -53 3
x− 2
3 = 0 x= 0
+ 3cos 2
0 1/120
or 3cos 2 x2 +2 cos x - 1 = 0
3x + 5 x − 2 = 0

By factoring
Problem
(cos x22. Solve x4x- 21)+=7x0 + 2 = 0 giving
+ 1)(3cos
the answer correct to 2 decimal places.
cos x = -1 or cos x = 1/3

FromBy
thequadratic formula:if ax 2 +bx +c = 0 then,
quadratic formula
√
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x= 2 =
d y 2a dy
+8 + 16y = 4e-4x , y(0) =1 and y’(0) =0
dx2 dx
Hencea if
= 3,
4xb2 += 7x
2 and
+ 2c==0-1
!
−7 ± 72 − 4(4)(2)
then x = -2 + 2(4)
-22 - 4 (3)(-1) -2 - -22 - 4 (3)(-1)
cos x = √ 2 (3) or cos x =
2 (3)
−7 ± 17
=
8 +4
-2 -2 - 4
=
−7 ± 4.123 =
= 6 6
re
8
= 1/3
−7 + 4.123 −7 − 4.123 = -1
= or
+4, cos x = 1/3 8 8
uct x=
i.e. cos −0.36
x is or I and
positive, −1.39IV quadrant cos x = -1
of x = 70.50 and 360 - 70.50 = 289.5 x = 1800
ly
Now try the following exercise.

Exercise 4 Further problems on simultan-

eous and quadratic equations
In problems 1 to 3, solve the simultaneous
equations
1. 8x − 3y = 51
3x + 4y = 14 [x = 6, y = −1]
2. 5a = 1 − 3b
2b + a + 4 = 0 [a = 2, b = −3]
x 2y 49
3. + =
5 3 15
3x y 5
− + =0 [x = 3, y = 4]
7 2 7