1.

INTRODUCTION
Now we are living in a modern life with the advents of technology and
changing environments. Have you ever been curious about how the past
generations lived in their era? Whether conditions and society in the past have
considerable changes, compared to the present life? Let’s start on a fascinating
journey through the complex fabric of Vietnam's history and contemporary culture,
where 3E – Economy, Education and Environment witnessed dramatic changes.
Join me on this exciting adventure!

2. BODY
1. Economy
1.1. Advantages
1.1.1. In the past
*Agriculture

In the past, Vietnam's agricultural sector has been a cornerstone of the

country's economy for many years, playing a vital role in its development and
growth. With a large portion of the population employed in agriculture, it has been
a significant contributor to the country's GDP. Rice cultivation, especially in the
fertile Mekong and Red River deltas, has been a traditional practice that has
sustained the Vietnamese population for generations.

Aside from rice, Vietnam also produces a variety of other key agricultural
products such as coffee, tea, rubber, cashew nuts, and seafood. The country's
diverse agricultural output has not only provided sustenance for its people but has
also contributed to its economic prosperity. Vietnam's success in aquaculture has
further solidified its position as a major player in the global market for seafood
products.
 The agricultural sector in Vietnam has not only provided employment
opportunities for a significant portion of the population but has also helped
alleviate poverty in rural areas. By exporting agricultural products, Vietnam has
been able to earn foreign exchange and boost its overall economic growth. The
country's agricultural success has been a result of the hard work and dedication of
its farmers, who have utilized innovative techniques and technology to improve
productivity and efficiency.

1.1.2. At present
*Industrialization

Vietnam’s economy has undergone a significant transformation as a result of

industrialization, moving from a mainly agricultural economy to a diversified and
advanced industrialized one. Accordingly, the proportion of the agriculture,
forestry, fishing, and seafood sector in GDP decreased from 18.9% to 14.8% in the
period from 2010 – 2020. While this was going on, Vietnam’s manufacturing,
construction, services, and industrial sectors all grew more than expected, from
81.1% to 85.2% in 2020, which grew beyond the target.

The expansion of industries has created many investment opportunities have

been created, attracting both domestic and foreign investment and boosting
exports. The improvement in people’s quality of life and GDP growth are both
results of the increase in industrial production and productivity.

*Food Industry

Vietnam's food industry, which includes food processing, agricultural, and

beverage production, is another essential sector of the country's economy. Vietnam
is known for its diverse agricultural products, including rice, coffee, seafood, and
tropical fruits, which contribute significantly to both domestic consumption and
export revenue.

1.2. Disadvantages
1.2.1. In the past
In the past, government subsidies in Vietnam were mainly focused on
agriculture, neglecting the development of other key economic sectors like
industrialization, tourism, fashion, and the food industry. This narrow focus limited
the country's economic growth potential and hindered its ability to diversify its
sources of income.

Furthermore, Vietnam's limited access to advanced technological devices

further compounded these challenges, as the country was unable to utilize cutting-
edge tools to improve productivity and efficiency across various industries.
Moving forward, it is crucial for the Vietnamese government to shift its subsidy
strategy towards a more balanced approach that supports the growth of all
economic sectors. By investing in technology and innovation, Vietnam can
enhance its competitiveness on the global stage and create new opportunities for
sustainable development and prosperity.

1.2.2. At present
Vietnam continues to be challenged with the impact of natural disasters,
including storms, droughts, and pollution, which pose significant challenges to its
economic development. These disasters not only cause immediate damage but also
have long-lasting effects on the country's infrastructure and economy.

In addition to natural disasters, Vietnam also faces issues with its banking
system, which is considered weak compared to those in other countries. A strong
and stable banking system is essential for facilitating economic growth and
investment, and the weaknesses in Vietnam's system could hinder its progress.
(Cho vào pp có thể sửa thành: the weaknesses in Vietnam's banking system could
hinder economic growth progress)

Addressing these challenges will require investment in infrastructure,

disaster preparedness, and reforms to strengthen the banking sector. By tackling
these issues head-on, Vietnam can work towards a more resilient and stable future
for its citizens.

2. Education
Education in Vietnam is a state-run system of public and private education
run by the Ministry of Education and Training. It is divided into five levels:
preschool, primary school, secondary school, high school, and higher education.
Formal education consists of twelve years of basic education. Basic education
consists of five years of primary education, four years of secondary education, and
three years of high school education. The majority of basic education students are
enrolled on a daily basis. The main goals are general knowledge improvement,
human resources training, and talent development.

2.1. Advantages
2.1.1. In the past
Vietnam's educational system has a rich history that was shaped by both
French and Chinese influences in the past. These influences laid a strong
foundation for the country's educational system, providing an opportunity for
Vietnam to incorporate the essence of both cultures and develop a unique national
identity through education.
 One specific example is The Imperial Academy, which served as a famous
educational institution in Vietnam. The Imperial Academy was a center of learning
where scholars were trained. This institution played a significant role in shaping
the educational landscape of Vietnam and helped in the preservation of traditional
Vietnamese culture. Moreover, Vietnam was able to create a diverse and well-
qualified educational system that reflects its rich cultural heritage. The legacy of
these influences can still be seen in the modern educational practices of Vietnam,
highlighting the importance of embracing cultural diversity in education.

2.1.2. At present
In Vietnam, education has been undergoing significant improvements in
recent years. One of the key achievements has been the expansion of enrollment in
schools while also ensuring that fundamental quality standards for school facilities
are enforced across the nation. This has allowed more students to have access to
education in a conducive learning environment.

Moreover, the importance of teacher quality has been recognized as a crucial

factor in the success of the education system. Vietnam has taken steps to
professionalize its teaching force by emphasizing the importance of content
knowledge, skills, and dispositions. By investing in the training and development
of teachers, the country is ensuring that students receive a high-quality education
that prepares them for the challenges of the modern world.

Overall, Vietnam's commitment to improving both access to education and

the quality of teaching is commendable. By focusing on these key areas, the
country is setting a strong foundation for the future success of its students and the
continued development of its society.
2.2.Disadvantages
2.2.1. In the past
Illiteracy posed a significant challenge for the Vietnamese people as they
worked towards building their nation. The historical influences of feudalism and
constant warfare with China, France, and America created barriers that prevented
the population from accessing basic education. The difficult history of Vietnam not
only disrupted the normalcy of daily life but also prevented many individuals from
acquiring fundamental literacy skills. The lack of stability and resources made it
difficult for the Vietnamese to establish a strong foundation in education, which is
essential for personal development and societal progress.

Despite these challenges, the Vietnamese people demonstrated resilience and

determination to overcome illiteracy. Efforts were made to improve educational
opportunities and promote literacy among the population. Schools were built, and
literacy programs were implemented to address the issue at hand. Over time, these
initiatives helped reduce illiteracy rates and improve the overall educational
landscape in Vietnam.

2.2.2. At present
Vietnam's education system has seen several improvements in recent years,
yet some limitations still exist. One of the major challenges is the emphasis on
theoretical knowledge over practical skills. Students often find themselves having
trouble with heavy academic content, leaving little room for the development of
hands-on abilities. As a result, graduates may struggle to apply their knowledge in
real-world situations.

Another issue is the traditional teaching methods that dominate some

educational institutions. In these settings, teachers play a central role while
students have limited opportunities to express their opinions and ideas. This one-
way communication approach can stifle creativity and critical thinking among
students, hindering their overall growth and development.

While Vietnam's education system has made progress in various aspects,

addressing these challenges is crucial for preparing students for the demands of the
modern world. By promoting a more balanced curriculum that incorporates
practical learning experiences and fostering interactive teaching methods that
encourage student engagement, Vietnam can better equip its youth for success in
the global arena.

3. Environment
3.1. Advantages
3.1.1. In the past
Vietnam's environment has historically been quite fresh due to the limited
presence of industrial factories and means of transport. This has had several
advantages for the country and its people.

Firstly, the low level of industrialization helped to preserve Vietnam's natural

landscapes and biodiversity. Without the pollution and habitat destruction caused
by industrial activities, the country's forests, rivers, and wildlife have been able to
thrive. This has not only provided a beautiful environment for the Vietnamese
people to enjoy but also supported ecotourism, which has become an important
source of revenue for the country.

Secondly, the limited means of transport have helped to reduce carbon

emissions and air pollution. With fewer cars on the roads and less reliance on fossil
fuels for transportation, Vietnam has been able to maintain relatively clean air
quality compared to other rapidly developing countries.
 Overall, the limited industrialization and means of transport in Vietnam have
had positive effects on the country's environment, preserving its natural beauty and
reducing pollution levels. However, as the country continues to develop, it will be
important to find ways to balance economic growth with environmental
sustainability.

3.1.2. At present
Climate change is a pressing issue that is having a negative impact on
environments around the world. Vietnam has taken proactive steps to address this
problem by implementing policies and encouraging its citizens to preserve nature.

One of the key ways Vietnam is tackling climate change is through the
implementation of policies that promote sustainability and protect the environment.
These policies aim to reduce carbon emissions, conserve natural resources, and
promote the use of renewable energy sources. Vietnam is actively reducing the
impact of climate change on its environment by implementing and upholding these
regulations.

In addition to policy measures, Vietnam is also working to persuade its

citizens to preserve nature. Through education and awareness campaigns, the
Vietnamese government is encouraging people to adopt environmentally friendly
practices and reduce their carbon footprint. By engaging with the public and
promoting a culture of conservation, Vietnam is fostering a sense of responsibility
and stewardship for the environment among its people.

3.2. Disadvantages
3.2.1. In the past
The Vietnam War left a legacy of deforestation, soil deterioration, and water
contamination. The intensive use of herbicides like Agent Orange resulted in
massive deforestation, as woods were destroyed to deprive the enemy of shelter.
This not only altered ecosystems, but also caused soil erosion and deterioration.
The widespread use of chemicals and explosives polluted water supplies,
threatening both human health and aquatic life. The environmental impacts of the
war have had a long-term influence on the region, affecting biodiversity,
agricultural productivity, and water quality.

3.2.2. At present
Vietnam currently faces several environmental challenges that require urgent
attention. Pollution, in the forms of air, water, and soil pollution, continues to be a
significant issue in the country. The health and well-being of the population are at
risk due to the harmful effects of pollution on the environment.

Furthermore, biodiversity loss is a pressing concern that needs to be

addressed. Protecting endangered species and ecosystems is crucial to maintaining
the balance of nature and ensuring a sustainable future for Vietnam.

Urbanization pressure is also a key issue that requires careful consideration.

Balancing the need for development with environmental preservation is essential to
prevent further degradation of the environment and ensure a higher quality of life
for all citizens.

Therefore, Vietnam must prioritize environmental protection and

sustainability to address these challenges effectively. By implementing policies and
practices that promote conservation and sustainable development, the country can
work towards a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable future for all.
 3. CONCLUSION

Over the years, Vietnam has undergone significant changes in various

aspects of life. The past and present in Vietnam have distinct characteristics, each
with its own merits and demerits. To improve society, it is essential to find a
balance between the past and present, incorporating the positive aspects of both
eras. By preserving traditional values and community ties while embracing
technological advancements and progress, Vietnam can create a society that is
prosperous, harmonious, and sustainable.