Structuralism

literature is a structured system

literature has units
umbhalo unalunga, unezicubo.

izicubu zemibhalo:
 umlandi
 abalingiswa
 iploti
 ukushayisana
 indikimba
 isizinda

umlandi wendaba (narrator): Izibi

zaseThekwini

1) umlandi olanda indaba engumuntu wokuqala

(1st person narrator) isibonelo: (mina).
Ngimbone lo mkhulu omisa imoto yakhe....
lo mlandi ungumlingiswa futhi. (two roles:
narrator and character at the same time)
> ungaphakathi endabeni. Uma sifanisa
ngebhola: ubika ukudlalwa kwebhola edlala
nabadlali. (NB:kukhona angakuboni, angakwazi)

2) umlandi olanda indaba engumuntu

wesithathu (3rd person narrator) isibonelo:
(Yena). Ambone lo mkhulu omisa imoto
yakhe....
lo mlandi akabi ngumlingiswa.
> ubona konke. Uma sifanisa ngebhola: ubika
ukudlalwa kwebhola engaphandle ebaleni
njengomsakazi osenkundleni, osakaza
akubonayo.

ukubona izigameko komlandi

 umlandi owazi konke (omniscient narrator),
bese ebika konke. (lokhu akwenzeki kumlandi
olanda indaba engumuntu wokuqala ngoba
yena ubika kuphela akubonayo nakwaziyo.
 angabika ethatha uhlangothi (acheme)
unreliable narrator.
 angabika engathathi uhlangothi (engachemile).
reliable narrator
 umlandi owazi okuthile kuphela (limited
narrator), bese ebika kuphela lokhu akwaziyo.
Umlandi olanda indaba engumuntu wokuqala
kufanele azi kuphela okungapakathi endabeni.
Aka ngabi ngumlandi owazi konke ngoba
okungaphandle endabeni akakwazi, akakuboni.
 umlandi ongathembeki: usitshela amanga
ngabomu. (unrelaible narrator)

Onjani umlandi wendaba, Izibi zaseThekwini?

 ungumlandi othembekile (reliable narrator)
 usitshela kuphela lokho akwaziyo
 usitshela kuphela lokho akubonayo
 usitshela kuphela lokho akuzwayo
 ungumladi ongaphakathi endabeni
njengomlingiswa